identifier,question,options,answer,task_label,domain,label,iri 1_1_1yoylnsn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002655 1_1_sa4ntnhe,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior hairline'?","A. Bona fide anatomical line delineating hair from forehead part of face. B. Bona fide anatomical line, each instance of which is the boundary between some gingiva and some tooth. C. Bona fide anatomical line delineating hair from face. D. Anatomical line which corresponds to the intersection of two bona fide anatomical surfaces.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior hairline,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma285414 1_1_rpdgbicf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'process aggregate'?","A. An occurrent consisting exactly of a plurality of processes that are process_aggregate_member_parts_of that occurrent for all times at which it exists. B. A fiat part of a complex phenomenon that has salience in a particular context. C. An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. D. A process aggregate whose member parts are of the same type.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,process aggregate,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_036107 1_1_oacfp0fa,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental zone'?","A. A zone within a portion of petroleum contaminated sediment within which iron-reducing processes occur. B. An environmental zone in which the rates of two or more processes are roughly equal to one another. C. A fiat object part which contains entities of high spiritual or cultural significance to one or more human groups. D. A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,environmental zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000408 1_1_w5pus7e3,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legal Resource Subdivision'?","A. A work in a legislative corpus. This applies to acts that have been legally enacted (whether or not they are still in force). For example, the abstract concept of the legal resource; e.g. ""act 3 of 2005"" (adapted from Akoma Ntoso) A legal resource can represent a legal act or any component of a legal act, like an article. Legal resources can be linked together using properties defined in the model. Note that ELI ontology accommodates different point of view on what should be considered a new legal resource, or a new legal expression of the same resource. Typically, a consolidated version can be viewed, in the context of ELI, either as separate legal resource (linked to original version and previous consolidated version using corresponding ELI relations), or as a different legal expression of the same legal resource. B. A component of a legal act, at an arbitrary level of precision, like a chapter, an article, an alinea, a paragraph or an list item. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using the properties eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of. C. A component of a work, at an arbitrary level of precision. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of. D. The physical embodiment of an Expression, either on paper or in any electronic format. The substance of Manifestation is not only signs, but also the manner in which they are presented to be consumed by users, including the kind of media adopted.",B,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Legal Resource Subdivision,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#LegalResourceSubdivision 1_1_s0vaew2w,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geenumu gesallagee'?","A. A Chugach person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. B. A Cree person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Lassik person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. A Mi'kmaq person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,geenumu gesallagee,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002058 1_1_2ww2pf44,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'stam'?","A. Finds associations between DNA copy number and gene expression. B. The stam package performs a biologically structured classification of microarray profiles according to clinical phenotypes. GO terms are used to link classification results to biological aspects. C. This packages provides a targeted pre-processing method for GC-MS data. D. Genomic data analyses requires integrated visualization of known genomic information and new experimental data. GenomeGraphs uses the biomaRt package to perform live annotation queries to Ensembl and translates this to e.g. gene/transcript structures in viewports of the grid graphics package. This results in genomic information plotted together with your data. Another strength of GenomeGraphs is to plot different data types such as array CGH, gene expression, sequencing and other data, together in one plot using the same genome coordinate system.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,stam,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000712 1_1_pp9tgcwp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'rugal fold of scrotum'?","A. A folded ridge of skin that is part of a scrotum superficial to the dartos muscle. B. A sac containing the developing tooth and its odontogenic organ. The dental follicle (DF) differentiates into the periodontal ligament. In addition, it may be the precursor of other cells of the periodontium, including osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. They develop into the alveolar bone, the cementum with Sharpey's fibers and the periodontal ligament fibers respectively. C. The region at each side of the face comprising the temple and the cheek. D. A zone of skin that is part of a scrotum.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,rugal fold of scrotum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018134 1_1_iufryegd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'iodooxometallate anion'?","A. An anionic coordination entity where bromido and oxido ligands are coordinated to a metal centre. B. An anionic coordination entity where iodido and oxido ligands are coordinated to a metal centre. C. An anionic coordination entity where halido and oxido ligands are coordinated to a metal centre. D. An anionic coordination entity where chlorido and oxido ligands are coordinated to a metal centre.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,iodooxometallate anion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51543 1_1_acl4ji6g,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'penis torture'?","A. A term encompassing the polytheistic religions of the Semitic peoples from the ancient Near East and Northeast Africa. B. A sexual activity involving application of pain or constriction to the penis. C. A sexual activity involving application of pain or constriction to the penis and/or testicles. D. The inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects).",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,penis torture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008693 1_1_1e0uss5d,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sandy clay'?","A. Clay which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. B. Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. C. Clay which is part of an abyssal plain. D. Clay which has a high proportion of silt in its composition.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sandy clay,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105279 1_1_ls4s4c2y,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral defense response to insect'?","A. A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism. B. An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. C. Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. D. Behavior having interpersonal processes as parts, each involving the same instances of human being.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral defense response to insect,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002211 1_1_vf29ydny,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'man who has sex with women'?","A. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with women, regardless of how they identify themselves. B. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves. C. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves. D. A person whose identity is male, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being male, usually (but not always) reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,man who has sex with women,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001179 1_1_fzrql6l0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dorsolateral prefrontal cortex'?","A. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46.[1] According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 - 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47.[2] These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC.[2]DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas. B. The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. C. Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal extent were the caudal anterior and the isthmus divisions of the cingulate cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the corpus callosum and as the superior frontal gyrus and/or paracentral lobule respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). D. An area of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that have six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83)(NN).",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009834 1_1_f5iautti,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Agger nasi'?","A. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa overlying the lymphoid tissue between the soft palate and the pharyngeal recess. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left lateral pharyngeal bands. B. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa in the middle meatus. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left agger nasi. C. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa, which is a depression located between the median and lateral glosso-epiglottic folds. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left epiglottic valleculas. D. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa which overlies the medial end of the pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left tori.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Agger nasi,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59766 1_1_078zpyhx,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Amygdala'?","A. Basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe. B. Bone complex which has as its direct parts right and left nasal bones. C. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the ileum. D. Basal ganglion of telencephalon which is made up primarily of gray matter, and is located lateral to the caudate nucleus and external capsule and medial to the insula.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Amygdala,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61841 1_1_17km1k8b,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Imprint'?","A. An agent responsible for the distribution of a comic publication. B. An agent responsible for the publication of a comic. C. An imprint or tradename of a comic publisher. D. A document composed of the pages in a comics publication.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Imprint,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Imprint 1_1_k7254xtz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cortex'?","A. A portion of ground tissue directly internal to an anther wall endothecium that develops from an anther wall secondary parietal cell layer . B. A portion of cortex that is part of a receptacle . C. A maximal portion of ground tissue between the vascular system and the epidermis in a plant. D. A peripheral portion of ground tissue in a plant axis that is composed of cork cambium (phellogen; PO:0005599), phellem , and phelloderm .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005708 1_1_unkxzgth,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'reference'?","A. Anything concrete (i.e. made of atoms) that can be referred to but that does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: a pen, a pet, a building. B. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology. C. Any electronic or physical format of a FRBR Expression: OOXML, ODT, XML, TIFF, PDF, print, etc. E.g.: PDF representation of act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006. D. A reference for any kind of entity.",D,1_1,legal/allot,reference,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Reference 1_1_y0037n7q,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'time crystal'?","A. An environmental material which is composed of insoluble solid particles suspended in a liquid. B. An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. C. An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. D. Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,time crystal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000939 1_1_f7jtirsb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'sideretin dihexoside'?","A. R1=hexoside,R2=hexoside,R3=H; R1=H,R2=hexoside,R3=hexoside; R1=hexoside,R2=H,R3=hexoside B. A glycoside consisting of D-glucitol having a alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl group attached at the 4-position. C. A glycoside that consists of six beta-D-glucose residues all linked sequentially (1->3) and linked at the reducing end glycosidically to a 5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyl group. D. A member of the class of coumarins that consists of coumarin substituted by a senecioyloxymethyl group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. Isolated from Crinum latifolium, it exhibits anti-angiogenic activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,sideretin dihexoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144538 1_1_h5i3hfqz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of cell projection organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of plasma membrane bounded cell projections. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. C. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of cell projection organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031346 1_1_4vu9099q,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Portion of serum'?","A. Portion of secreted substance produced prostatic glands, bulbourethral glands or the seminal vesicles. B. Transudate contained in the osseous labyrinth outside the membranous labyrinth. C. Body substance derived from plasma by the elimination of fibrinogen. Portion of body fluid solution which has as its parts serum fluid and serum protein. D. Secretion produced by a sweat gland.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Portion of serum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083 1_1_xktfvjyy,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetylcysteine'?","A. A process aggregate of harm processes affecting some members of a population caused by product use by some members of the population. B. Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. C. An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues. D. A metabolite of acrolein and may be found in the urine of smokers.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,acetylcysteine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22198 1_1_mcl8dloc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thrombocytopenia DP, unspecified'?","A. Deficiency of a coagulation factor (proteins in the blood that help control bleeding) that is not caused by genetic alterations. Causes include vitamin k deficiency, amyloidosis, and severe liver disease. B. Hemorrhagic diseases are caused by bleeding, or they result in bleeding C. a bleeding disorder caused by circulating anticoagulants (autoantibodies that neutralize specific clotting) D. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"thrombocytopenia DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000291 1_1_zcqgov1r,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anaerobic pneumonia'?","A. An aspiration pneumonia caused by anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides fragilis, Peptostreptococcus, anaerobic streptococci, Fusobacterium species (Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophoram). Lung abscess and empyema are diagnosed in this disease. B. A bacterial pneumonia which is an acute pulmonary inflammatory response that develops after the inhalation of colonized oropharyngeal material containing bacteria. It is seen in individuals with dysphagia and gastric dysmotility. The disease has_symptom tachypnea and has_symptom cough. C. A vestibular disease that is characterized by progressive hearing loss resulting from congenital enlargement of the vestibular aqueducts. D. A vulvar benign neoplasm that is characterized by numerous ectatic blood vessels present in the superficial dermis.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,anaerobic pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_873 1_1_pax5lz63,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'flavonoids'?","A. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. B. Any organic molecular entity whose stucture is based on derivatives of a phenyl-substituted 1-phenylpropane possessing a C15 or C16 skeleton, or such a structure which is condensed with a C6-C3 lignan precursors. The term is a 'superclass' comprising all members of the classes of flavonoid, isoflavonoid, neoflavonoid, chalcones, dihydrochalcones, aurones, pterocarpan, coumestans, rotenoid, flavonolignan, homoflavonoid and flavonoid oligomers. Originally restricted to natural products, the term is also applied to synthetic compounds related to them. C. Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). D. An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,flavonoids,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72544 1_1_ssuz717s,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'complex polygamous quadratic relationship'?","A. Any of various video games which feature intersex characters as playable characters, as major characters essential to advancing the plot, or gameplay explorations of intersex conditions and life. B. A type of polygamous quadratic relationship which involves two triadic relationships: one in which persons A, B, and C are dating, and a second in which persons B, C, and D are dating. C. A polygamous relationship between four people. D. A type of quadratic polygamous relationship which combines two instances of vee polyamory, i.e. A is dating B and C, and D is dating B and C.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,complex polygamous quadratic relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012501 1_1_fd1u05pm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'unifacial vascular leaf'?","A. A unifacial leaf that is round in cross section throughout all of part of the length of the leaf. B. A vascular leaf that is distinct from adult leaves, being characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. C. A leaf in a vascular plant. D. A vascular leaf that has increased activity of either the adaxial or abaxial meristem early in development, leading to absence of the opposite surface on the mature leaf.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,unifacial vascular leaf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025328 1_1_c30z028i,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Medium size tubers per plot'?","A. Maximum ground cover B. Average width of all size tubers harvested in a net plot or unit area C. Tendency of climbing or trailling D. Number of medium size tubers that weighing ? 0.5kg and <1 kg in a net plot or unit area",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Medium size tubers per plot,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000349 1_1_ofiouane,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'condensation level'?","A. (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification. B. Level at which water vapor to condense C. On a thermodynamic diagram, the point of intersection of a sounding curve (representing the vertical distribution of temperature in an atmospheric column) with the saturation mixing ratio line corresponding to the average mixing ratio in the surface layer. D. A region of negative buoyancy below an existing level of free convection (LFC) where energy must be supplied to the parcel to maintain its ascent.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,condensation level,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoWeather/CondensationLevel 1_1_cvav0np5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904305 1_1_6tl88cb2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'Jefferson Transcription System'?","A. A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). B. A psychoactive substance that is used to treat psychosis. C. A conversational analysis protocol that represents parts and features of conversations, including pauses and non-verbal utterances using a controlled vocabulary of symbols D. A protocol for the analysis of conversations.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,Jefferson Transcription System,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001302 1_1_jfdl36jh,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'platelet glycoprotein 4 (mouse)'?","A. A CD86 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. B. A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. C. A melanopsin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. D. A platelet glycoprotein 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,platelet glycoprotein 4 (mouse),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q08857 1_1_mhgiprdp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'basophil'?","A. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and which can be stained by the dye eosin. Eosinophils are CD9-positive, CD191-positive, and CD193-positive. B. A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. C. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. D. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,basophil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000767 1_1_0635gu6g,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'instrumentation'?","A. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. B. Instrumentation deals with the techniques of writing music for a specific instrument, including the limitations of the instrument, playing techniques and idiomatic handling of the instrument. C. An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score). D. Orchestration includes, in addition to instrumentation, the handling of groups of instruments and their balance and interaction.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,instrumentation,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Instrumentation 1_1_9ddkys5g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'webbioc'?","A. ACME (Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment) is a set of tools for analysing tiling array ChIP/chip, DNAse hypersensitivity, or other experiments that result in regions of the genome showing ""enrichment"". It does not rely on a specific array technology (although the array should be a ""tiling"" array), is very general (can be applied in experiments resulting in regions of enrichment), and is very insensitive to array noise or normalization methods. It is also very fast and can be applied on whole-genome tiling array experiments quite easily with enough memory. B. Creates classes used in model-view-controller (MVC) design that uses Biobase C. This library contains functions that calculate various statistics of differential expression for microarray data, including t statistics, fold change, F statistics, SAM, moderated t and F statistics and B statistics. It also implements a new methodology called DEDS (Differential Expression via Distance Summary), which selects differentially expressed genes by integrating and summarizing a set of statistics using a weighted distance approach. D. An integrated web interface for doing microarray analysis using several of the Bioconductor packages. It is intended to be deployed as a centralized bioinformatics resource for use by many users.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,webbioc,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000727 1_1_1o23tbq9,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'deaf gay man'?","A. A deaf man who is gay. B. A gay person who experiences deafness. C. Young men who engage in sexual activities with men. D. A deaf person who is a lesbian.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,deaf gay man,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011054 1_1_usso3de6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Regular cardiac myocyte'?","A. Regular cardiac myocyte of a cardiac ventricle. B. Cardiac myocytes that are excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. C. Regular cardiac myocyte of a cardiac atrium. D. Cardiac myocyte that is connected together by transverse intercalated discs at a regular interval.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Regular cardiac myocyte,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67967 1_1_1vot4ksz,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'processual sign'?","A. A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. B. An abnormal processual entity occuring in a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. C. A process which has as parts all the processes in which a given organism is participant. D. A processual entity during which a patient participating in a disease course gradually returns to participating in a canonical life course.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,processual sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000141 1_1_9ryq52x6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'statistical assistant'?","A. Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing. B. Conduct retail activities of businesses operating exclusively online. May perform duties such as preparing business strategies, buying merchandise, managing inventory, implementing marketing activities, fulfilling and shipping online orders, and balancing financial records. C. Teach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults in basic education, literacy, or English as a Second Language classes, or in classes for earning a high school equivalency credential. D. Compile and compute data according to statistical formulas for use in statistical studies. May perform actuarial computations and compile charts and graphs for use by actuaries. Includes actuarial clerks.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,statistical assistant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43911100 1_1_28gpjio7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'right-wing libertarianism'?","A. A libertarian political activism strategy. It was developed by American anarcho-capitalist theorists Murray Rothbard and Lew Rockwell in the American political context after the end of Cold War. From 1989 to 1995, they sought to communicate libertarian notions of opposition to government intervention using messages accessible to working and middle-class people of the time. This approach, usually identified as right-wing populism, was intended to radicalize citizens against the state. The name they chose for this style of activism evoked the roots of modern libertarianism, hence the prefix paleo. That founding movement was American classical liberalism, which shared the anti-war and anti–New Deal sentiments of the Old Right in the first half of the 20th century. B. a political philosophy and type of libertarianism that supports capitalist property rights and defends market distribution of natural resources and private property. The term right-libertarianism is used to distinguish this class of views on the nature of property and capital from left-libertarianism, a type of libertarianism that combines self-ownership with an egalitarian approach to natural resources. In contrast to socialist libertarianism, right-libertarianism supports free-market capitalism. C. A political philosophy and type of libertarianism that stresses both individual freedom and social equality. Left-libertarianism represents several related yet distinct approaches to political and social theory. D. A political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core principle. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, emphasizing free association, freedom of choice, individualism and voluntary association. Libertarians share a skepticism of authority and state power, but some libertarians diverge on the scope of their opposition to existing economic and political systems.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,right-wing libertarianism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011767 1_1_xqb5m9ge,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bodily disposition'?","A. A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. B. A bodily disposition which is the degree to which the person is at risk of relapse to tobacco use. C. A that inheres in some extended organism. D. A disposition inhering in a manufactured cigarette",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bodily disposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000032 1_1_5a2rvbj0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Exacerbated by phenytoin exposure'?","A. Applied to a sign or symptom that is worsened by administration of sodium channel blocking agents such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate, and zonisamide. B. Applied to a sign or symptom that is worsened by treatment with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as tensilon (edrophonium) or pyridostigmine (Mestinon). C. Applied to a sign or symptom that is worsened by administration of phenytoin. D. Applied to a sign orr symptom that is worsed by administration of opiate medications.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Exacerbated by phenytoin exposure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_4000132 1_1_wmpyt9vy,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Process'?","A. A Process is an activity performed within or across companies or organizations. In BPMN a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Objects, which are a set of other activities and the controls that sequence them. The concept of process is intrinsically hierarchical. Processes may be defined at any level from enterprise-wide processes to processes performed by a single person. Low-level processes may be grouped together to achieve a common business goal. Note that BPMN defines the term Process fairly specifically and defines a Business Process more generically as a set of activities that are performed within an organization or across organizations. Thus a Business Process, as shown in a Business Process Diagram, may contain more than one separate Process. Each Process may have its own Sub-Processes and would be contained within a Pool (Section B.8.2, on page 260). The individual Processes would be independent in terms of Sequence Flow, but could have Message Flow connecting them. B. InputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. A grouping of activities that does not affect the Sequence Flow. The grouping can be used for documentation or analysis purposes. Groups can also be used to identify the activities of a distributed transaction that is shown across Pools. D. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Process,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#process 1_1_dfyr4rdv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left superior pulmonary vein'?","A. Pulmoanry venous tree organ, each instance of which returns blood from the upper lobe of some lung to the left atrium of some heart. B. Fiat anatomical line of skull representing minimum transverse dimension of forehead. C. Superior pulmonary venous tree, each instance of which returns blood from the upper and middle lobes of some right lung to the left atrium of some heart. D. Superior pulmonary venous tree, each instance of which returns blood from the upper lobe of some left lung to the left atrium of some heart.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left superior pulmonary vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49916 1_1_i55j36id,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'microwave radiation'?","A. A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. B. Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. C. A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. D. An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,microwave radiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_21001212 1_1_q36m2qla,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumatophore'?","A. A lateral root that is erect and protrudes above the surface of the soil or water. B. A root that develops from a lateral root primordium that is part of another root on the same plant. C. A lateral root that develops from a non-pericyclic lateral root primordium . D. A small lateral root that grows from a prop root and has a mealy surface texture.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pneumatophore,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025357 1_1_4g734p9z,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Move'?","A. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming an employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family, and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E9 Move,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E9_Move 1_1_kohnysil,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'achondrogenesis type IB'?","A. An achondrogenesis that has_material_basis_in mutations in the COL2A1 gene which results_in underdeveloped lungs, hydrops fetalis, a prominent forehead and abnormal ossification of the located_in vertebral column or located_in pelvis. B. An achondrogenesis that results_in abnormal ossification of the located_in vertebral column or located_in spine. C. An achondrogenesis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SLC26A2 gene which results_in umbilical or inguinal hernia and a prominent rounded abdomen. D. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in deficient endochondral ossification which results_in dwarfism, short-trunk, short-limbed, anascara, disproportionately large cranium, and a narrow chest which leads to death in utero or during early neonatal period.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,achondrogenesis type IB,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080055 1_1_wtsau4c2,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'signal'?","A. Message, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, Task, and Message Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2) B. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. C. As the name implies, the Start Event indicates where a particular process will start. D. Signal, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,signal,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#signal 1_1_juqcfw55,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'insulation worker, floor, ceiling, or wall'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing machines or robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metal products, components, or assemblies. Includes workers who operate laser cutters or laser-beam machines. B. Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or transportation vehicles. C. Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers. D. Line and cover structures with insulating materials. May work with batt, roll, or blown insulation materials.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"insulation worker, floor, ceiling, or wall",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47213100 1_1_lu6w7srt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fragile skin'?","A. Skin that splits easily with minimal injury. B. Ectodermal dysplasia is a group of conditions in which there is abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands. C. An increased sensitivity of the skin to light. Photosensitivity may result in a rash upon exposure to the sun (which is known as photodermatosis). Photosensitivity can be diagnosed by phototests in which light is shone on small areas of skin. D. Recurrent episodes of redness of the skin together with a sensation of warmth or burning of the affected areas of skin.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fragile skin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001030 1_1_dysfs244,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'farmer, rancher or other agricultural manager'?","A. Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and marketing activities. C. Direct or coordinate production, purchasing, warehousing, distribution, or financial forecasting services or activities to limit costs and improve accuracy, customer service, or safety. Examine existing procedures or opportunities for streamlining activities to meet product distribution needs. Direct the movement, storage, or processing of inventory. D. Research or study range land management practices to provide sustained production of forage, livestock, and wildlife.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"farmer, rancher or other agricultural manager",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11901300 1_1_ivoes4tt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-deoxy-D-gluconate'?","A. The conjugate base of 2-deoxy-D-gluconic acid; major species at pH 7.3. B. The conjugate base of 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid; major species at pH 7.3. C. A dioxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2,3-diketogulonic acid, and the major species at pH 7.3. D. A carbohydrate acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of D-galactaro-1,4-lactone.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-deoxy-D-gluconate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57653 1_1_228c0hzz,"In the ontology of Geology Names, which of the following definitions best describes 'Code'?","A. An idea or notion; a unit of thought. B. A Web page displaying a map C. A Wikipedia article D. A feature code.",D,1_1,earth_environment/geonames_ontology,Code,https://www.geonames.org/ontology#Code 1_1_s32vs1y3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process'?","A. The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. B. The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process. C. The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process. D. A type of Wnt signaling pathway in which Wnt binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell results in the by propagation of the molecular signals via beta-catenin, and end with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044336 1_1_dxaa747f,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'natural killer cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a naive natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell as part of an immune response. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell. C. The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. D. The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,natural killer cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001779 1_1_ipltj7fh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agricultural inspector'?","A. Lay and bind building materials, such as brick, structural tile, concrete block, cinder block, glass block, and terra-cotta block, with mortar and other substances, to construct or repair walls, partitions, arches, sewers, and other structures. B. Perform technical activities at power plants or individual installations necessary for the generation of power from geothermal energy sources. Monitor and control operating activities at geothermal power generation facilities and perform maintenance and repairs as necessary. Install, test, and maintain residential and commercial geothermal heat pumps. C. Operate crematory equipment to reduce human or animal remains to bone fragments in accordance with state and local regulations. Duties may include preparing the body for cremation and performing general maintenance on crematory equipment. May use traditional flame-based cremation, calcination, or alkaline hydrolysis. D. Inspect agricultural commodities, processing equipment, and facilities, and fish and logging operations, to ensure compliance with regulations and laws governing health, quality, and safety.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,agricultural inspector,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_45201100 1_1_jzjqar3l,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'diterpenoid'?","A. Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). B. A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in damage to organs, bones, or muscles due to prenatal alcohol exposure. C. Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. D. A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,diterpenoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23849 1_1_3jly8y6z,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'organohalogen compound'?","A. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. B. A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). C. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. D. An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,organohalogen compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17792 1_1_x0qxypgk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of podocyte apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of podocyte apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904633 1_1_k6rwa99r,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-daily nicotine replacement therapy user'?","A. A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use. B. An NRT user who does not use their product on a daily basis. C. A nicotine replacement therapy user who has been using NRT products for one year or more. D. A nicotine replacement therapy user who engages in nicotine replacement therapy use every day.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,non-daily nicotine replacement therapy user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001192 1_1_9jwk70bb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'fatty acid phytyl ester'?","A. A fatty acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of phytol with the carboxy group of any fatty acid. B. A fatty acid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any fatty acid with the hydroxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid. C. A fatty acid ester which is fully saturated and which contains a total of 34 carbon atoms. D. A germacranolide isolated from Neurolaena lobata and Austroeupatorium inulifolium and has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,fatty acid phytyl ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_177021 1_1_hubhl5np,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'feed storage space'?","A. A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. B. A terrace which is used for agricultural activities. C. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. D. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,feed storage space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001114 1_1_3eaq995c,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root lodging percentage'?","A. Percent root lodging. evaluation taken when observed. indicates percent of roots lodged. B. Standard method for palmitoleic acid content C. Length of the leaf 3 rank above the largest green leaf, the length is measured without the petiole D. Lignoceric acid (c 24:0) percentage of oil",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root lodging percentage,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000825 1_1_ybd975dx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Congenital hepatic fibrosis'?","A. The presence of fibrosis of that part of the liver with congenital onset. B. The presence of excessive fibrous connective tissue in the liver. Fibrosis is a reparative or reactive process. C. The presence of fibrosis affecting the interlobular stroma of liver. D. Hepatic fibrosis that reaches from a portal area to another portal area.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Congenital hepatic fibrosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002612 1_1_a52blg7g,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'inositol 4-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + myo-inositol = 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + licodione = 2'-O-methyllicodione + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a thiopurine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + a thiopurine S-methylether. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 12-hydroxydihydrochelirubine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + dihydromacarpine + H+.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,inositol 4-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030787 1_1_lf4zxdsc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'oikocryst'?","A. any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast. B. constituent occurs as a collection of particles that are characterized by average properties of the individual particles C. Constituent occurs as crystals that poikilitically enclose crystals of other phases in an igneous rock. D. the enclosed crystal in a poikolitic texture",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,oikocryst,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Oikocryst 1_1_vcgdpt3i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tlingit culturally-specific gender identity'?","A. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various Tlingit cultures and/or subcultures. B. A Tlingit person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various Tsimshian cultures and/or subcultures. D. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various Pacific Northwest Coast North American cultures and/or subcultures.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Tlingit culturally-specific gender identity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011249 1_1_yupopgit,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ drinking establishment'?","A. A business whose primary function is the serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises. B. A business serving mostly LGBTQIA+ persons whose primary function is the serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises. C. A business serving mostly person belonging to the leather subculture whose primary function is the serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises. D. A business serving mostly transgender people whose primary function is the serving of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ drinking establishment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003448 1_1_kmh24bn3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'width'?","A. An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it. B. A width which is relatively small. C. A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. D. A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,width,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000921 1_1_9mnbgm4g,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Relocation'?","A. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 B. Moving some part of the text to some other place within the same document C. Removal of some part of text or the entire act from the legal system. D. Substitution of a part or entire act or annex",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Relocation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Relocation 1_1_ustjk259,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunological synapse formation'?","A. The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction. B. A cell-cell recognition process by which a cell distinguishes between self and non self during cooperative behavior, such as early development. C. The initial contact step made between the male gamete and the female gamete during double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm. An example can be found in Arabidopsis thaliana. D. Cell recognition between cells. May involve the formation of specialized cell junctions.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,immunological synapse formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001771 1_1_x678oarn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Trapezium proper'?","A. Organ segment which consists of a wall lined with epithelial cells and which encloses a lumen. B. Organ segment which is regional part of coracclavicular ligament. Examples: C. Organ segment which is regional part of skin. Examples: skin of head, skin of limb. D. Organ segment which is regional part of trapezium proper. Examples: There are only two trapezium proper, left and right trapezium proper.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Trapezium proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma43073 1_1_dk74nzzh,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'olfactory organ'?","A. An organ that detects light. B. An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. C. The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. D. An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,olfactory organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002268 1_1_miv9j9qd,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'high fog'?","A. Fog formed by orographic lifting to condensation of moist air up a mountain slope. B. In the US, the frequent fog on the slopes of the coastal mountains of California, especially applied when the fog overtops the range and extends as stratus over the leeward valleys. C. In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent). D. The wind system, occupying most of the Tropics, that blows from the subtropical highs toward the equatorial trough; a major component of the general circulation of the atmosphere.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,high fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/HighFog 1_1_uqt5ay05,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine + selenophosphate = 5-methylaminomethyl-2-selenouridine + phosphate (at the wobble position in tRNA). B. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of misacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala). C. Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-phospho-[ligated tRNA] + NAD+ = mature tRNA + ADP ribose 1'',2''-phosphate + nicotinamide + H2O. This reaction is the transfer of the splice junction 2-phosphate from ligated tRNA to NAD+ to produce ADP-ribose 1'-2' cyclic phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine34 in tRNA + queuine = guanine + queuosine34 in tRNA.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tRNA 2-selenouridine synthase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043828 1_1_yukj7of2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Affymetrix Expression Console'?","A. Expression Console™ software supports probe set summarization and CHP file generation for 3' expression (e.g., GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array), gene-level (e.g., GeneChip® Human Gene 1.0 ST array) and exon-level arrays (e.g., GeneChip® Human Exon 1.0 ST Array). The Expression Console workflow provides the user with a choice of the more commonly used probe set summarization algorithms B. RNA-SeQC is a java program which computes a series of quality control metrics for RNA-seq data. The input can be one or more BAM files. The output consists of HTML reports and tab delimited files of metrics data. This program can be valuable for comparing sequencing quality across different samples or experiments to evaluate different experimental parameters. It can also be run on individual samples as a means of quality control before continuing with downstream analysis. C. Salmon is a tool for quantifying the expression of transcripts using RNA-seq data. Salmon uses new algorithms (specifically, coupling the concept of quasi-mapping with a two-phase inference procedure) to provide accurate expression estimates very quickly (i.e. wicked-fast) and while using little memory. Salmon performs its inference using an expressive and realistic model of RNA-seq data that takes into account experimental attributes and biases commonly observed in real RNA-seq data. D. Processes fluorescent images of microarrays",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Affymetrix Expression Console,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100005 1_1_02mmz1wg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'marsh'?","A. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. B. A swamp is a wetland that features temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, and covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation.The water of a swamp may be fresh water or salt water. A swamp is also generally defined as having no substantial peat deposits. C. In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous inundation. Typically a marsh features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. A marsh is different from a swamp, which has a greater proportion of open water surface, and is generally deeper than a marsh. In North America, the term swamp is used for wetland dominated by trees rather than grasses and low herbs D. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands, variously called bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,marsh,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/Marsh 1_1_0rrjbjk9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of ruffle assembly'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of ruffle assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900027 1_1_mgatu2x6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia due to other specified bacteria'?","A. pneumonia caused by bacteria B. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Escherichia coli bacteria C. an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria D. inflammation of the lung that is caused by bacterial infections",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pneumonia due to other specified bacteria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000177 1_1_l92bt5fm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of antifungal peptide production'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of antifungal peptide production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002789 1_1_2bfn91eb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spasmodic dystonia'?","A. A focal dystonia characterized by adult-onset cervical dystonia typically in the fourth or fifth decade of life that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of heterozygous mutation in the CACNA1B gene on chromosome 9q34. B. A focal dystonia that involves the muscles that control the vocal cords, resulting in strained or breathy speech. C. A dystonia that is localized to a specific part of the body. D. A focal dystonia that is characterized as dystonia that affects the muscles of the head, face, and neck.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spasmodic dystonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050844 1_1_e1xub2pt,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'DCC'?","A. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. B. Mini Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Vinyl used as medium to record a musical manifestation",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,DCC,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/DCC 1_1_7h9q06lk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'conivaptan'?","A. A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a 3-methylphenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 6 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine. B. The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). C. A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist. D. A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and a t position 6 by a chloro group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,conivaptan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_681850 1_1_lpar4pfm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction'?","A. A wall motion abnormality observed upon left ventricular contraction that affects a specific region of the left ventricle. B. A diminution of the volumetric fraction of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each cardiac cycle. C. Any abnormality of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which is the fraction of chamber volume ejected in systole (stroke volume) in relation to the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole (end-diastolic volume). Stroke volume (SV) is calculated as the difference between end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV). LVEF is calculated as [SV/EDV] in percent. D. Abnormal function of the left ventricule during left ventricular relaxation and filling.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034314 1_1_2t6z77b4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lactiferous gland'?","A. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of acini connected to the surface of the areola or to a lactiferous duct by the duct of areolar gland. Examples: There are variable numbers of areolar glands. B. Lobular organ which consist of a lactiferous duct tree and the set of lactiferous acini that are connected to duct tree. Examples: There are variable numbers of lactiferous duct trees. C. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate with the vestibule of vagina. Examples: right vestibular gland, lesser vestibular gland. D. Ectopic thyroid gland which is located in the vicinity of the thyroid gland proper without any direct connection with it.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lactiferous gland,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62088 1_1_7v27bhvt,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'health care process assay'?","A. A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient B. A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter C. A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. D. A health care process that involves the interpretation of a clinical picture from a given patient (input) and the assertion to the effect that the patient has a disease, disorder, or syndrome of a certain type, or none of these (output).",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,health care process assay,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000108 1_1_o3811r9h,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary cave'?","A. A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. B. A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. C. A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. D. A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,primary cave,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000361 1_1_0wr9mufx,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Interpretation'?","A. Modification of the term specified by some procedural deadline. B. A modification that changes the meaning of some provision without changing its literal text C. Modification of the interpretation of normative content by the author or some superior actor D. Modification by paraphrasing",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Interpretation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Interpretation 1_1_k95yn921,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ratio of DNA to DNA in standard plant'?","A. Spotted-wing drosphila adult mortality percent calculated B. Measured with HPLC, reported as mg/100 gram of fresh tissue weight C. Flow cytometry measurement of the ratio of the amoun tof sample DNA to the amount of DNA in a standard plant. Flow Cytometry determination using DAPI with internal standard = Vinca minor. Performed by Plant Cytometry Services, The Netherlands, 30 June 2012. This project was a collaborative effort from the USDA ARS and the University of Florida. D. Fruit acidity determined via titration by the OSU Food Science Dept",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ratio of DNA to DNA in standard plant,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000385 1_1_5jo7ak5p,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'corrosion rim'?","A. Corona that consists of concentric bands with radial fibrous texture. B. Constituent occurs as a concentric envelope enclosing another constituent. Corona is a non-genetic term. C. A corona formed by a secondary mineral around an orginal igneous crystal, formed by modification of the crystal by the corrosive action of its parent magma. D. The ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,corrosion rim,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/CorrosionRim 1_1_0ctmcjk7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pragmatic randomised trial design'?","A. A randomised controlled trial design in which pre-existing groups of participants are randomly allocated to intervention arms. B. A randomised controlled trial design in which participants are randomised to study on more than one occasion during the study. C. A randomised controlled trial design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention under conditions similar to those that would obtain were the intervention to be delivered in routine practice. D. An interventional study design in which participants are randomly allocated to receive one of two or more interventions or no intervention using a study randomisation process.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pragmatic randomised trial design,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001306 1_1_5oto7yxz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'larval wandering behavior'?","A. Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism. B. The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. C. The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction. D. Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,larval wandering behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035180 1_1_5nbdgjax,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'industrial-organizational psychologist'?","A. Teach courses in environmental science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Apply principles of psychology to human resources, administration, management, sales, and marketing problems. Activities may include policy planning; employee testing and selection, training, and development; and organizational development and analysis. May work with management to organize the work setting to improve worker productivity. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate investment strategy or operations for a large pool of liquid assets supplied by institutional investors or individual investors. D. Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease, disability, or health outcomes. May develop the means for prevention and control.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,industrial-organizational psychologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19303200 1_1_dk3vo23d,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lexicography'?","A. A subfield of lexicology which looks at what a particular language contributes to its vocabulary, such as grammars. B. The broad study of words regardless of a language's specific properties. It is concerned with linguistic features that are common among all languages, such as phonemes and morphemes. C. A subfield of lexicology which is devoted to the evolution of words and word-formation over time. It investigates the origins of a word and the ways in which its structure, meaning, and usage have since changed. D. The study of language lexicons, either in a practical sense or in a theoretical sense, in relationship to dictionaries.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lexicography,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011030 1_1_dquz3ksg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ontoTools'?","A. Spot segmentation via model-based clustering and gridding for blocks within microarray slides B. tools for working with ontologies and graphs C. RNAither analyzes cell-based RNAi screens, and includes quality assessment, customizable normalization and statistical tests, leading to lists of significant genes and biological processes D. altcdfenvs is a software package for alternative CDF environments (aka probeset mappings) and contains convenience data structures and functions to handle cdfenvs.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ontoTools,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000642 1_1_r95nl4pl,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of vesicle fusion'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of vesicle fusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031340 1_1_7lwnba8r,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'gundi'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which leaf tobacco is air-cured, stemmed, sweetened and flavoured with sugar and liquorice, and cut or granulated into small strips of shredded tobacco B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of dried tobacco leaves, ash, cottonseed or sesame oil, water and sometimes gum which are rolled into balls. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients (that vary according to region) to create a tobacco-based paste.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,gundi,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000956 1_1_9jhe55uo,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'measurement'?","A. A research activity in which a participant visits a research facility or is visited by a researcher for the purpose of taking some measurement. B. A planned process executed in the performance of scientific research wherein systematic investigations are performed to establish facts and reach new conclusions about phenomena in the world. C. A research activity in which parameters estimates describing features of a data set are output. D. A research activity whose purpose is to assign a number to an attribute of an object or event or to classify the object or event according to that attribute.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,measurement,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001361 1_1_6ixdjh5a,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual secondary school student'?","A. LGBTQIA+ persons who are students at a secondary school. B. A lesbian who is a student at a secondary school. C. A bisexual person who is a student at a secondary school. D. A transgender person who is a student at a secondary school.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexual secondary school student,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007983 1_1_cqd1boz7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'must specific pH'?","A. None B. Necessary complement:Sampling date C. None D. Necessary complement:Sampling date",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,must specific pH,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000094 1_1_avh8ro7e,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 6'?","A. A congenital hypothyroidism characterized by a small thyroid gland with low free T4 levels and inappropriately normal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the IRS4 gene on chromosome Xq22.3. B. A congenital hypothyroidism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the THRA gene on chromosome 17q21.1. C. A congenital hypothyroidism characterized by relatively mild central hypothyroidism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or hemizygous mutation in the TBL1X gene on chromosome Xp22.3-p22.2. D. A congenital hypothyroidism that has_material_basis_in mutation in the TSHR gene on chromosome 14q31.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070128 1_1_9brn7rw7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,3-dimethylphenyl isocyanate'?","A. An isocyanate comprising a benzene core with isocyanato and methyl substituents para to each other. B. An isocyanate comprising a benzene core with isocyanato- and methyl substituents ortho to each other. C. An isocyanate that consists of phenyl isocyanate bearing two additional methyl substituents at positions 2 and 3. D. An isocyanate that consists of phenyl isocyanate bearing two additional methyl substituents at positions 2 and 5.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,3-dimethylphenyl isocyanate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63899 1_1_cxjck3x9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'skin of head'?","A. A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. B. A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. C. A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. D. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,skin of head,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001084 1_1_guhvw9w4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'herpes gestationis, third trimester'?","A. when a mother gains weight during pregnancy B. a rare, itchy skin eruption that usually happens in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often begins with the appearance of very itchy red bumps or blisters on your abdomen and trunk, though it can show up on other parts of your body C. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the third trimester D. Fatigue caused from being pregnant, pregnancy is in the third trimester",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"herpes gestationis, third trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000499 1_1_z34tkgg0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein aggregation'?","A. The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. B. ceramide accumulation is a subtype of accumulation of substances in a biological object: A process that keeps ceramide in an organism, tissue, organelle, or cell. C. Functioning process is a subtype of function-related process: A process that executes and manifests function. D. Protein aggregation is a subtype of molecular assembly: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of molecules.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,protein aggregation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TXPO_0002661 1_1_2sn62owj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber caffeic acid concentration'?","A. The protocatechuic acid concentration in tuber B. The rutin concentration in tuber C. The concentation of total phenolic components in tuber D. The concentration of caffeic acid in tuber",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber caffeic acid concentration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000462 1_1_ovj124du,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'data mining task'?","A. A correction is where the aim is to correct for error, noise or other impairments to the input of the data transformation or derived from the data transformation itself. B. A data processing task is an information processing objective that specifies the objective that a data processing algorithm execution process needs to achieve when executed on a dataset to produce as output a new dataset. C. Text editing is the objective of editing plain text files. D. A data mining task is an objective specification that specifies the objective that a data mining algorithm needs to achieve when executed on a dataset to produce as output a generalization.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,data mining task,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_000098 1_1_clv9opc1,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Absolute_Place'?","A. A relative place is defined by some reference to some object/thing B. A place is a spatio-temporal-occurrence C. An absolute place is defined without reference to other places. D. A location complex is a relatively stable complex of places referred to as one: it is the maximal collection of places with the same reference object.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Absolute_Place,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/relative-places.owl#Absolute_Place 1_1_1zmkjyhr,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-homoserine'?","A. The D-enantiomer of homoserine. B. A member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is D-tyrosine substituted by a fluoro group at position 3. C. The D-enantiomer of leucine. D. The D-enantiomer of alanine.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-homoserine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30654 1_1_7j1hek2d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bulliform cell'?","A. A leaf pavement cell that is part of a leaf adaxial epidermis. B. An isodiametric leaf pavement cell. C. An enlarged more or less thin-walled leaf pavement cell, present, with other similar cells, in longitudinal rows in leaves of monocots. D. A more or less rectangular leaf pavement cell in which the proximodistal dimension is several times longer than the transverse dimension.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bulliform cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004001 1_1_gijzxgm7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pitch perception'?","A. A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus. B. Discrimination against persons who are bisexual. C. The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism. D. A bisexual woman who has HIV.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pitch perception,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005630 1_1_lnjq0w3z,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'calyx'?","A. A collective phyllome structure that is composed of one or more petals , comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs and surrounds the androecium and the gynoecium . B. A collective phyllome structure composed all of the carpels in a flower . C. A collective phyllome structure that encloses a fruit of the Poaceae (caryopsis) and develops from a dried lemma and palea. D. A collective phyllome structure that is composed of one or more sepals , and comprises the outer whorl of non-reproductive floral organs .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,calyx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009060 1_1_y8mcbqvq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NAD+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADH. B. Catalysis of the reaction: L-valine + H2O + NADP+ = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + NH3 + NADPH. C. Catalysis of the reaction: meso-2,6-diaminopimelate + H2O + NADP+ = L-2-amino-6-oxopimelate + H+ + NADPH + NH4. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-phenylalanine + H2O + NAD+ = phenylpyruvate + NH3 + NADH.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,diaminopimelate dehydrogenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047850 1_1_bhiqk3n6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrologic technician'?","A. Install, program, maintain, and repair security and fire alarm wiring and equipment. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. B. Collect and organize data concerning the distribution and circulation of ground and surface water, and data on its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Measure and report on flow rates and ground water levels, maintain field equipment, collect water samples, install and collect sampling equipment, and process samples for shipment to testing laboratories. May collect data on behalf of hydrologists, engineers, developers, government agencies, or agriculture. C. Set up and operate machines, such as lathes, milling and engraving machines, and jig borers to make working models of metal or plastic objects. Includes template makers. D. Identify, remove, pack, transport, or dispose of hazardous materials, including asbestos, lead-based paint, waste oil, fuel, transmission fluid, radioactive materials, or contaminated soil. Specialized training and certification in hazardous materials handling or a confined entry permit are generally required. May operate earth-moving equipment or trucks.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,hydrologic technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19404400 1_1_8we6lpeh,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'turning behavior'?","A. The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. B. The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment. C. Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. D. Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,turning behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035178 1_1_owid9cte,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of hindgut contraction'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. B. Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine. D. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of hindgut contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060451 1_1_9opzqisy,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'esophageal candidiasis'?","A. A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the mucous membrane of the mouth by Candida species, which is characterized by thick white or cream-colored deposits on inflamed mucosal membranes. B. A candidiasis that results_in fungal infection of the outer-most layer located_in nail, has_material_basis_in Candida species. The infection causes painful, red, swollen area around the nail, often at the cuticle or at the site of a hangnail or other injury. C. A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans in immunocompromised people, resulting in lesions, bleeding, painful swallowing and substernal pain. D. An opportunistic mycosis that involves fungal infection of the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs, heart and brain by Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common. Systemic Candida infections are usually confined to severely immunocompromised persons.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,esophageal candidiasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13146 1_1_bujprpf6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'HELP'?","A. The package contains a modular pipeline for analysis of HELP microarray data, and includes graphical and mathematical tools with more general applications B. This package creates a tabular style data object where most data is stored outside main memory. A buffer is used to speed up access to data. C. Bayesian models for differential gene expression D. The purpose of this package is to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for quality assessment and to identify differentially expressed genes in the Affymetrix gene expression data.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,HELP,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000213 1_1_sbm8lkkm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basion'?","A. Anatomical point of skull on any given location along the midsagittal line. B. Midline anatomical point of skull at which the mid-sagittal plane intersects the anterior margin of foramen magnum. C. Midline anatomical point of skull at the most prominent projection of internasal suture. D. Midline anatomical point of skull where midsagittal plane intersects inferior margin of nasal aperture.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Basion,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75743 1_1_ku07r6c3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma'?","A. A peripheral T-cell lymphoma characterized by development around textured-surface breast implants confined to the capsule. B. A mature T-cell and NK-cell lymphoma includes a group of T-cell lymphomas that develop away from the thymus. C. A peripheral T-cell lymphoma that has_material_basis_in a mutation of T cells. D. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,primary cutaneous T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060061 1_1_ygtaon1m,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cysteine derivative'?","A. A metabolite of acrolein and may be found in the urine of smokers. B. Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. C. Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. D. An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cysteine derivative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23509 1_1_x3ot45br,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nocturnal asthma'?","A. A chronic asthma that is characterized by severity with symptoms two or fewer days per week, nighttime awakenings two or fewer times per month, use of short-acting beta agonist for symptom control two or fewer days per week and no interference with normal activity. B. A chronic asthma that is characterized by first presentation in adulthood. C. A chronic asthma that is characterized by significant decline in pulmonary function and increase of airway inflammation at night. During sleep, recumbent posture causes a reduction in the lung volumes, respiratory muscle tone, and lung compliance. The overnight physiological abnormalities include: increased airway inflammation and decreased steroid responsiveness, increased pulmonary capillary blood volume, functional differences in blood/air volume ratios and mechanical coupling of the parenchyma to the airways. D. An asthma that is characterized by the development of persistent airway inflammation and recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,nocturnal asthma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080826 1_1_wmd9tkmf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'research study measurement'?","A. A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome. B. A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient C. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. D. A planned process that has as its output a data item corresponding to a quantitative or qualitative description of the attributes of an entity.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,research study measurement,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000153 1_1_0skcb5ok,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovule primordium'?","A. A primordium that is committed to the development of a floral organ and is part of a reproductive shoot apex . B. A floral structure primordium that is committed to the development of an ovule . C. A phyllome primordium that develops from a sepal anlagen and is committed to the development of a sepal . D. A floral structure primordium that is committed to the development of an androecium .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,ovule primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000018 1_1_hw9w3jgi,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mechanic'?","A. Macroclass descriving the game machanics. These differ from the gameplay as the mechanics occour regardless of a game's style or goals. B. Display and selection systems of the objects collected by the player C. possibility of interaction with elements of the game, based on well-defined contexts. Usually the interaction occurs via the input of a dedicated button on the keyboard/joystick. D. A Quick-Time-Event is a mechanic that tests the player's reflexes by making them press a specific button at the right time",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Mechanic,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Mechanic 1_1_0nqn0z63,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arterial trunk'?","A. Segment of blood vessel tree organ which is a tubular structure the lumen of which contains blood; together with other spatially associated blood vessels constitute blood vessel tree organ. B. Embryonic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm. C. Tubular organ part, the wall and lumen of which are continuous with those of the atria of the heart, directly or indirectly through tributaries of the venae cavae, pulmonary veins and the hepatic and portal veins. Examples: coronary sinus, posterior intercostal vein, hepatic vein, bronchial vein, pulmonary vein, trunk of inferior vena cava. D. Tubular organ part, the wall and lumen of which are continuous with those of the ventricles of the heart, directly or indirectly through branches of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Examples: bronchial artery, hepatic artery, coronary artery, truncus anterior of right pulmonary artery, aorta.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Arterial trunk,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma30313 1_1_126xtlvw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1-MLF1 fusion'?","A. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the presence of t(8;21)(q22;q22) or inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22). These cytogenetic abnormalities result in disruption of the transcription factor CBF, which is a regulator of normal hematopoiesis. B. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the proliferation of both neutrophil and monocyte precursors. C. An acute myeloid leukemia that derives from blood-forming tissue in which megakaryocytes proliferate in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood in large numbers. D. An acute myeloid leukemia associated with NPM1-MLF1 gene fusion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1-MLF1 fusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070633 1_1_zs3bpqrg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'wet bulb potential temperature'?","A. An extraction fault with some displacement within the fault plane. B. The temperature an air parcel would have if cooled from its initial state adiabatically to saturation, and thence brought to 1000 mb by a moist-adiabatic process. C. Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] D. The temperature that a parcel would have if brought adiabatically and reversibly from its initial state to a standard reference pressure, typically 100 kPa.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,wet bulb potential temperature,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperature/WetBulbPotentialTemperature 1_1_c692rt0e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonanoic acid'?","A. A straight-chain fatty acid consisting of hexanoic acid having an oxo group at position 2. B. A C9 straight-chain saturated fatty acid which occurs naturally as esters of the oil of pelargonium. Has antifungal properties, and is also used as a herbicide as well as in the preparation of plasticisers and lacquers. C. A branched-chain saturated fatty acid comprising dodecanoic (lauric) acid substituted at position 11 by a methyl group. D. A monounsaturated fatty acid that is nonanoic acid which has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a trans double bond at the 2-3 position.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,nonanoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29019 1_1_ad4a51bu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bodily fluid'?","A. Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. B. Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. C. A fluid of a biological orgin. D. An information content entity that is used by a person or organisation to denote and promote a product.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bodily fluid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006314 1_1_dxc07r4g,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexuality-related prejudice'?","A. Fear or resentment of heterosexuals or heterosexuality. B. Prejudice based on one's sexuality. C. Prejudice based on one's status as LGBTQIA+. D. Fear, dislike, or hatred of asexual people and/or human asexuality.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexuality-related prejudice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002873 1_1_gcumwxx6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Non-green leaf area measurement'?","A. Measure the fertile panicle number. B. For each leaf record the percentage area of non-green tissue. C. Direct measurement of the avenanthramide 2f content D. Measurement of fatty acid C14:0 content",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Non-green leaf area measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000579 1_1_yfek0jyf,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H2O = N(5)-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: IMP + H2O = 5-formamido-1-(5-phosphoribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 1-(5-phosphonatoribosyl)-5'-AMP + H2O = 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + H2O = 10-formyltetrahydrofolate.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004477 1_1_xjdmkpn5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyclin A1-CDK2 complex'?","A. A protein complex consisting of cyclin A1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner. B. A protein complex consisting of cyclin A2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner. C. A protein complex consisting of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner. D. A protein complex consisting of cyclin Kand cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12). Cyclins are characterized by periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclin-dependent kinases represent a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that become active upon binding to a cyclin regulatory partner.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cyclin A1-CDK2 complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097123 1_1_oogwbf08,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myelin sheath'?","A. Cell segment which has as its direct parts segments of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane protruding from the cell body. Examples: cilium, microvillus, neurite. B. Cell appendage of a Schwann cell or an oligodendroctye which wraps around a zone of an axon; it is a shared part between the axon and the glial cell (Schwann cell or oligodenrocyte). C. Cell appendage which has as its direct parts axon and endoneurium. D. Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myelin sheath,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62983 1_1_iytgrfvk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'dacite'?","A. An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and basalt. B. The mantle is composed mostly of Ultramafic rocks (or see Igneous Primer) such as peridotite and dunite and their metamorphic equivalents (e.g. ecologite). [Wikipedia] C. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color and contains 62% to 69% silica and moderate a mounts of sodium and potassium. D. Tephra is a collective term (generally plural) used for all material -- regardless of size-- ejected during an explosive volcanic eruption.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,dacite,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Dacite 1_1_l2t5d1d8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fatty acid'?","A. A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. B. Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. C. Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. D. An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5..",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fatty acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35366 1_1_1nk0nnpt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway'?","A. The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process. C. The series of molecular signals initiated by an extracellular ligand binding to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. D. The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007169 1_1_egtpovhx,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual'?","A. A facility that has at least one housing unit as part in which a person or persons live B. A sexual orientation of an individual who experiences sexual attraction to members of more than one sex. C. An artifact that has a product role. D. A personal attribute that is the pattern of a person's emotional, romantic and/or sexual attractions.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bisexual,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_015005 1_1_sn4cjned,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'umbrisol'?","A. A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. B. Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. C. Soil which has 1) low concentrations of nutrients and humus, 2) low water retention capacity, 3) textural variation from sand to clay, 4) a porous and friable structure, and 5) low concentrations of soluble salts. D. Soil which has, as a part, a portion of either fresh or processed animal manure.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,umbrisol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002253 1_1_v70yfg21,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased stool urobilinogen concentration'?","A. An increased amount of urobilinogen present in the stool. B. Luminal space of the right atrium of the heart. C. The selective paralysis of voluntary fascio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory movements with preservation of reflexive and automatic functions is referred to as autonomic-voluntary dissociation, which is a distinctive feature of Anterior opercular syndrome (also known as Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome). D. Abnormal concentration of urobilinogen present in the stool.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased stool urobilinogen concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0500115 1_1_8xzxipxp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'delta-lactam'?","A. An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. B. Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. C. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. D. A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a six-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,delta-lactam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77727 1_1_5pxgr2yu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased level of plasminogen'?","A. Any deviation from the activity of coagulation factor V. B. The tPA protein catalyzes the conversion of plasiminogen to plasmin, and thus break down of clots. When there is a deficiency there will be an increase of thrombosis C. An abnormally reduced concentration of globulins in the blood. D. A decreased level of Plasminogen",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased level of plasminogen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0040228 1_1_sh8n8c0t,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Inmature leaf color'?","A. Observe the reaction to Other virus and rate it B. Observe the immature leaf color and rate it C. Panelist observe the visual appearance of boiled leaves and rate it D. Observe the reaction of the storage root to Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne spp and rate it. Observe the appearance of an average or all fibrous roots within a single plant or plot",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Inmature leaf color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000041 1_1_fjaw2qtb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Hereditary choroidal dystrophy, unspecified'?","A. an eye disorder that involves a layer of blood vessels called the choroid. B. an eye disorder that involves a layer of blood vessels called the choroid. C. Inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis c virus lasting six months or more D. a chronic metabolic disease characterized by structural and functional alterations and interstitial fibrosis without coronary artery disease or hypertension",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Hereditary choroidal dystrophy, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000066 1_1_chjk44fw,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Phase IIa Trial'?","A. A clinical research protocol generally referred to as a well-controlled and pivotal trial that aims to prove the mechanism of action of the new intervention in question. A pivotal study will generally be well-controlled, randomized, of adequate size, and whenever possible, double-blind. B. A clinical research protocol generally referred to as a pilot or feasibility trial that aims to prove the concept of the new intervention in question. C. A reduction in size of organs or tissues as a result of cell death, loss of cellularity of whatever cause, reduced cellular proliferation or decreased cellular volume. D. A clinical trial that uses an investigational agent that is available only in very limited quantities and which has never previously given to humans or for which there is extremely limited human experience. Phase 0 clinical trials are intended to enable researchers to understand the path of the drug in the body and its efficacy. Adverse event reporting in Phase 0 trials is expedited.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Phase IIa Trial,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C49686 1_1_sn8u0xoo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048209 1_1_j9gs0cfs,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of toe, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some third toe. B. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas. C. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferior and the mid anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277317 1_1_gt00eo4a,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'median lingual swelling epithelium'?","A. A mesothelium that is part of a pericardio-peritoneal canal. B. An epithelium that is part of a median lingual swelling. C. The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. D. An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,median lingual swelling epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014705 1_1_ta9zynkj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'social media'?","A. A disease of anatomical entity that is located in endocrine glands which secretes a type of hormone directly into the bloodstream to regulate the body. B. Social communication is the use of language in social contexts. C. Surgical removal of part or all of the vas deferens. D. Online communities that allow for the creation and exchange of information and ideas.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,social media,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D061108 1_1_s1hvw1kt,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'leiomyosarcoma'?","A. A smooth muscle cancer that can arise almost anywhere in the body, but is most common in the uterus, abdomen, or pelvis. B. A leiomyosarcoma and sarcoma of the mediastinum that derive_from smooth muscle and are usually located_in the esophagus or located_in the main vessels. C. A leiomyosarcoma and sarcoma of the anus that is located_in the anus. D. An ovary sarcoma that arises from smooth muscle progenitors.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,leiomyosarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1967 1_1_nykxskj5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'reforestation'?","A. A planned process during which human agents establish plant communities in ecosystems which have previously been, partially or wholly, stripped of existing plant communities. B. The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. C. Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. D. A water flow process during which water flows out of an aquifer.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,reforestation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500013 1_1_xlaq786q,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root cork cambium'?","A. A phyllome base that is part of a sepal. B. A cambium that is part of a periderm and produces phellem and phelloderm . C. A cork cambium that is part of a root . D. A cork cambium that is part of a shoot axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root cork cambium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025436 1_1_vvot3kxx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'prolactin'?","A. A somatotropin hormone family member that is a translation product of the human PRL gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A prolactin that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A prolactin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. D. A protein that is a standalone version of the Hormone_1 domain (Pfam:PF00103). In the immature form, the domain is preceded by a signal peptide.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,prolactin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000013246 1_1_ejz9bmck,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'warm season'?","A. A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part exceeds that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. B. A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. C. A one-dimensional temporal region which is delimited by the occurrence of processes which serve as its delimiters. D. A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part is below that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,warm season,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000097 1_1_cutwu4kh,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hyperextensibility at elbow'?","A. The ability of the elbow joint to move beyond its normal range of motion. B. The ability of the joints of the hand to move beyond their normal range of motion. C. The ability of the wrist joints to move beyond their normal range of motion. D. The ability of the interphalangeal joints to move beyond their normal range of motion.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hyperextensibility at elbow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010485 1_1_zgufy42x,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Observation of fruit firmness when left on bush'?","A. Observation of fruit firmness when left on bush B. Visual rating of plant growth habit C. Visual survey of bud size on scale of 1 to 5. D. Observation of fruit flavor when left on bush",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Observation of fruit firmness when left on bush,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000434 1_1_67bnag8s,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'exclusion criterion'?","A. an eligibility criterion (rule) is_a selection criterion which defines and states the requirements (positive or negative) for an entity to be considered as suitable for a given task or participation in a process. B. an exclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity unsuitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, exclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects SHOULD NOT meet to be eligible for participation in a study C. An inhibitor that interferes the chemical reaction of BACE1 D. an inclusion criterion (rule) is_a *eligibility criterion* which defines and states a condition which, if met, makes an entity suitable for a given task or participation in a given process. For instance, in a study protocol, inclusion criteria indicate the conditions that prospective subjects MUST meet to be eligible for participation in a study.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,exclusion criterion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0500028 1_1_k3hhomh6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed length method'?","A. Measure total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) content in stems. B. Measure length of seeds, usually recorded as average of 10 seeds, taking 1 seed per pod per plant, in 10 random representative plants. C. Measure the one-sided green leaf area of plants using an area-meter, it is recommended a sample area of row length of 0.5 m for each plot. D. Total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) is determined from leaves.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed length method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0000510 1_1_jjfz1fzr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexbin'?","A. This package is an infrastructure for dealing with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. B. Binning and plotting functions for hexagonal bins. Now uses and relies on grid graphics and formal (S4) classes and methods. C. This package allows to detect and correct for spatial and intensity biases with two-channel microarray data. The normalization method implemented in this package is based on robust neural networks fitting. D. Methods for estimating GO semantic similarities. Implemented five methods proposed by Resnik, Schlicker(Rel), Jiang, Lin and Wang respectively. Support five species: human, rat, mouse, fly, and yeast.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,hexbin,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000572 1_1_hj5u5x9w,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'problems related to living alone'?","A. someone that lives alone is more keen to become stressed, bored, or other mental states B. a medical procedure — either temporary or permanent — that involves creating an opening in the neck in order to place a tube into a person's windpipe. C. patient under observation for other suspected diseases and conditions D. no symptoms, but HIV was found in patient's bloodstream",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,problems related to living alone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000407 1_1_8v3707n7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to ciliary membrane. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of protein localization to ciliary membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903569 1_1_br9fudjz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'granulocyte migration'?","A. The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus. B. The movement of a granulocyte in response to an external stimulus. C. The movement of a mast cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. D. The movement of a granulocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,granulocyte migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097530 1_1_at5veqi2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hip'?","A. Limb segment which is distal to the limb girdle region and demarcated by the plane of the surfaces of the glenoid and acetabular fossae from the limb girdle region; together with the limb girdle region, it constitutes the limb. Examples: There are only four instances, right and left free upper limbs and right and left free lower limbs. B. Limb region, each instance of which has as its regional parts pectoral girdle region of shoulder and proximal part of arm. C. Subdivision of cardinal body part which has as its direct part either upper or lower appendicular skeleton. D. Limb region, each instance of which has as its regional parts pelvicl girdle region of hip and proximal part of thigh.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hip,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24964 1_1_coi0aahh,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'vestibular afferent neuron'?","A. Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. B. A neuron residing in the olfactory bulb that serve to process and refine signals arising from olfactory sensory neurons C. A primary neuron (sensu Teleostei) that has a sensory function. D. An afferent neuron of the vestibular system that innervate the base of the hair cell and increase or decrease their neural firing rate as the receptor cell is excited or inhibited.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,vestibular afferent neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023112 1_1_hoz05yti,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'reproductive toxicant'?","A. A toxicant that has impairs the developmental process of an organism. B. A substance that has a disposition to cause harm to an organism that is in contact with it. C. A toxicant that has an effect on the respiratory system. D. A toxicant that has an effect on the reproductive systsem.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,reproductive toxicant,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000821 1_1_ih07i78z,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aircraft cargo handling supervisor'?","A. Supervise and coordinate the activities of ground crew in the loading, unloading, securing, and staging of aircraft cargo or baggage. May determine the quantity and orientation of cargo and compute aircraft center of gravity. May accompany aircraft as member of flight crew and monitor and handle cargo in flight, and assist and brief passengers on safety and emergency procedures. Includes loadmasters. B. Select, fit, and take care of costumes for cast members, and aid entertainers. May assist with multiple costume changes during performances. C. Test the safety of structures, vehicles, or vessels using x-ray, ultrasound, fiber optic or related equipment. D. Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,aircraft cargo handling supervisor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53104100 1_1_p4u0q50q,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'allantoin'?","A. An imidazolidinone that is imidazolin-2-one substituted at positions 4 and 5 by hydroxy and ureido groups respectively. B. An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 5-aminohydantoin in which a carbamoyl group is attached to the exocyclic nitrogen. C. Generalized clonic seizure is a type of generalized motor seizure characterized by sustained bilateral jerking, either symmetric or asymmetric, that is regularly repetitive and involves the same muscle groups. D. An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,allantoin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15676 1_1_si7uts42,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral vein'?","A. Either of the veins which collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein. B. A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis. C. A vein that is tributary of the internal iliac vein. D. The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lateral vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010515 1_1_ynndhp7j,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of nitrogen atom in water'?","A. The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. B. The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. C. The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. D. The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of nitrogen atom in water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09000018 1_1_im9ttogr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002529 1_1_925biq1f,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fractured distal tarsal bone 3'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the distal tarsal bone 3. B. A partial or complete breakage of the distal tarsal bone. C. A partial or complete breakage of the distal tarsal bone 2. D. A partial or complete breakage of the cuboid bone.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fractured distal tarsal bone 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041228 1_1_j2y5au7w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypointensity of cerebral white matter on MRI'?","A. This finding is demonstrated by cerebral computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. B. Multiple areas of darker than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter that surrounds the cerebral ventricles. C. A darker than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter. D. Abnormality of the corpus callosum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypointensity of cerebral white matter on MRI,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0007103 1_1_ecoi9xqj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton'?","A. The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. B. The actin cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse. C. The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a postsynapse. D. The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the postsynapse.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,postsynaptic actin cytoskeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098871 1_1_dou98abq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of right auricle'?","A. Region of wall of heart which surrounds the cavity of right auricle. B. Wall of heart which has as its parts the walls of the right and left ventricles that surrounds its cavities and is attached to the fibrous rings of heart. C. Region of wall of heart which surrounds the cavity of left auricle. D. Wall of heart which has as its parts the walls of the right and left atria that surrounds its cavities and is attached to the fibrous rings of tricuspid and mitral valves..",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of right auricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9539 1_1_g3nax0db,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'metipranolol'?","A. A member of the class of chromenes that is 2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol acetate substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 2 and 4 and a 4-fluorophenyl group at position 3 respectively. B. A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 4', methoxy group at positions 4 and 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. C. An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid with the amino group of morpholine. The agricultural fungicide dimethomorph is a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-dimethomorph; only the Z isomer has fungicidal activity. D. 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,metipranolol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6897 1_1_vlg5xdi5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-isobutyryl-L-carnitine'?","A. The L-enantiomer of an O-octanoylcarnitine. B. An optically active form of O-isobutyrylcarnitine having (R)-configuration. C. An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group specified is valeroyl. D. An O-acyl-L-carnitine compound having trans-2-methyl-2-butenoyl (tiglyl) as the acyl substituent.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,O-isobutyryl-L-carnitine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84838 1_1_rix0reaw,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'health care encounter'?","A. TODO B. A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter C. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process D. A health care process which results in physical changes in a specified input material",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,health care encounter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000097 1_1_wrsl2njz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'clemizole'?","A. A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of 5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid. The methyl ester of cloransulam, generally known as cloransulam-methyl, is used as a herbicide for the control of post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds in soybeans. B. A benzyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of florpyrauxifen with the hydroxy group of benzyl alcohol. An auxin herbicide developed by Dow AgroSciences. C. A monochlorobenzene that is benzene substituted by (chloroacetyl){2-oxo-2-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl}amino, chloro and methoxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a covalent inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) that induces ferroptosis in cells. D. A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,clemizole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52140 1_1_soatlz1b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'dysfunction'?","A. A dysfunction of the urogenital system. B. The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. C. The condition of being insensitive to something. D. Dysfunction is a capability to act in a manner that is abnormal or opposite to the object's typical function.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,dysfunction,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000354 1_1_apk20ejl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate(4-)'?","A. A doubly-charged organophosphate oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from the diphosphate group of alpha-D-rhamnosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl undecaprenyl diphosphate; major species at pH 7.3. B. Dianion of O-phospho-L-threonine. C. An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphonate OH and three of the four triphosphate OH groups of alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate. D. An organophosphate oxoanion that is the dianion of 1-methylthio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major microspecies at pH 7.3",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-ribose 1-methylphosphonate 5-triphosphate(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68685 1_1_rd13nu3r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrioventricular block, first degree'?","A. is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from an infection or inflammation.[3] Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but they may be surgically created for therapeutic reasons. B. First-degree atrioventricular block (AV block), or PR prolongation, is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which the PR interval is lengthened beyond 0.20 seconds. C. a common electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormality seen in patients whose normal cardiac conduction down both anterior and posterior left fascicles of the His-Purkinje system is compromised. D. Electrical impulses that cause your heart to beat originate in the upper right chamber of the heart and travel to the lower chambers. In bundle branch block, the pathway that these impulses travel on is delayed or blocked.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Atrioventricular block, first degree",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000052 1_1_wsikopni,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf sheath epidermis'?","A. A portion of leaf epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf . B. A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a leaf sheath . C. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a leaf. D. A portion of leaf epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf sheath epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025249 1_1_l21kh6t5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'armoured relict crystal'?","A. any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast. B. a crystal of an earlier rock that is prevented from further reaction in a later rock by a rim of reaction products C. Constituent forms a rigid arrangement of particles that support one another at their points of contact...constituting a mechanically firm structure capable of supporting open pore spaces, although interstices may be occupied by cement or matrix D. Constituent forms an interconnected network of discernible crystals.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,armoured relict crystal,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/ArmouredRelictCrystal 1_1_kkalk4bj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'medroxyprogesterone'?","A. A hemisuccinate resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group prednisolone with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. It is used to treat mild to moderate non-infectious eye allergies and inflammation, including damage caused by chemical and thermal burns. B. A 3-hydroxylated derivative of 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. C. A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17 and a methyl group at position 6. D. A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,medroxyprogesterone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6715 1_1_etmnf3fu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Navajo'?","A. Any of various Indigenous American ethnic groups which speak languages that are part of the Athabaskan language group. B. Groups of Native Americans that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the Eel River and Van Duzen River of northwestern California. These groups speak dialects of the Wailaki language belonging to the Pacific Coast Athabaskan group of the Athapaskan language family which is prominently represented in Alaska, western Canada, and the southwestern United States. C. A Native American people of the Southwestern United States. At more than 300,000 enrolled tribal members as of 2015, the Navajo Nation is the second-largest federally recognized tribe in the United States (the Cherokee Nation being the largest) and has the largest reservation in the country. D. A group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains and Western Apache. Distant cousins of the Apache are the Navajo, with which they share the Southern Athabaskan languages. There are Apache communities in Oklahoma, Texas, and reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Apache people have moved throughout the United States and elsewhere, including urban centers. The Apache Nations are politically autonomous, speak several different languages and have distinct cultures.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Navajo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005966 1_1_6hrdd867,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'diadenosyl hexaphosphate'?","A. A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a pentaphosphate. B. A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a tetraphosphate. C. A diadenosyl hexaphosphate in which the two adenosin-5'-yl groups are attached at the P(1) and P(6) positions. D. A diadenosyl polyphosphate that consists of two adenosinyl moieties bridged by a hexaphosphate.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,diadenosyl hexaphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63736 1_1_d8lll26b,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'SCP - Computation'?","A. Verticillium wilt severity (or disease infection index) is calculated in flowering stage. the formula is: DI=[Ʃ(Ni × i)/(N × i)] × 100, Where i is the maximum disease grade, Ni, the number of plants with corresponding disease grade and N the number of total investigated plants B. Fiber Uniformity Index is the ratio between the mean length (ML) and the upper half mean length (UHML) of the fibers expressed as a percentage C. Weight of seed coat over weight of whole seed D. FUR (fiber uniformity ratio) is the ratio between the 50% span length and 2.5% span length",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,SCP - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000081 1_1_fpuyczh7,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for attention to tracheostomy'?","A. an occurance that requires attention to a tracheostomy procedure B. improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness C. Encounter for other specified aftercare D. Patient had implanted devices managed and adjusted",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for attention to tracheostomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000531 1_1_caa8fasn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'porphyroblast'?","A. Constituent occurs as crystals formed by metamorphic crystallization, set in a finer-grained groundmass. B. A phenocryst is a relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of a porphyritic igneous rock. Phenocrysts often have euhedral forms either due to early growth within a magma or by post-emplacement recrystallization. [Wikipedia] C. constituent occurs as a collection of particles that are characterized by average properties of the individual particles D. Relict crystal in metamorphic rock, in groundmass of relatively finer-grained material. Connotes that groundmass is result of tectonic reduction in grain size.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,porphyroblast,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Porphyroblast 1_1_vq231572,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Entity'?","A. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). ""siemens"" is used for both singular and plural. B. The developmental stage of life of a given organism. C. provides an alphanumeric string of characters to refer to an entity. A TagNumber is typically used to uniquely identify an entity such as a sample or an individual specimen such as a tree or a rock sample. D. An entity is an object (e.g., a tree, a community, an ecological process). Entities constitute the foci of observations, i.e., every observation is of exactly one entity.",D,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Entity,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#Entity 1_1_ogxp574b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'medical sexism'?","A. Sexism reflected in organizational structures, policies, and practices as well as in public and financial institutions. B. Pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify sexism, inferiority of women and/or gender minorities, or superiority of men or cisgender persons. C. Sexism in the medical profession or in medical settings. D. The discrimination and subordination of a particular sex in academic institutions, particularly universities, due to the ideologies, practices and reinforcements that privilege one sex over another.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,medical sexism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006509 1_1_ct538a55,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other obesity'?","A. Overweight and obesity caused by miscellaneous disorders B. an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat C. a condition marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. D. A condition marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other obesity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000406 1_1_edgsc4so,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Middle-stage Alzheimer's Disease (moderate)'?","A. A disease in the middle stage where the dementia symptoms are more pronounced. The person may confuse words, get frustrated or angry, and act in unexpected ways, such as refusing to bathe. Damage to nerve cells in the brain can also make it difficult for the person to express thoughts and perform routine tasks without assistance. B. A stage where symptoms have a gradual onset over months to years but with harmful effects, not sudden within hours or days. C. A disease stage at which a person may function independently. He or she may still drive, work and be a part of social activities. Despite this, the person may feel as if he or she is having memory lapses, such as forgetting familiar words or the location of everyday objects. D. a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Middle-stage Alzheimer's Disease (moderate),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000032 1_1_adjm84b7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pituitary gland cell'?","A. The paired channels that connect the lateral and third ventricles and allows cerebrospinal fluid produced in the lateral ventricles to flow into the third ventricles. B. Any cell that is part of a pituitary gland. C. The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. D. A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pituitary gland cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000004 1_1_u80aicxl,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the expected consequences of an event are desirable. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044626 1_1_lonkx6ks,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'superconspiracy theory'?","A. A conspiracy theory believed to have broad goals, usually conceived as securing control of a country, a region, or even the entire world. The goals are sweeping, whilst the conspiratorial machinery is generally simple: a single, evil organization implements a plan to infiltrate and subvert existing institutions. B. A conspiracy theory related to a limited and well-defined event. C. Conspiracy theories organized by the type of theory according to some typology. D. A conspiracy theory which links multiple alleged conspiracies together hierarchically. At the summit is a distant but all-powerful evil force.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,superconspiracy theory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010417 1_1_jihz1l02,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development'?","A. The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. B. The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. This process contributes to lung development. C. The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain. D. Any epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway that is involved in heart process.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060507 1_1_vpwehc5e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetate'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)malonamic acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. B. A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 9(R)-HPODE. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major microspecies at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of quinclorac. The major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_138056 1_1_w0tb30j6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 75'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy or early childhood and moderate to profoundly impaired intellectual development and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PIDD1 gene on chromosome 11p15. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the FBXO31 gene on chromosome 16q24. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability with poor or absent speech and autistic stereotypic behaviors, microcephaly, early-onset generalized seizures, and hypotonia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TRAPPC6B gene on chromosome 14q21. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia, delayed psychomotor development, poor feeding, and failure to thrive with onset in early infancy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the UFC1 gene on chromosome 1q23.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 75,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081234 1_1_3j5leu48,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior renal segment'?","A. Renal segment supplied by the posterior segmental branch of right renal artery. B. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental renal artery. C. Renal segment supplied by the posterior segmental renal artery. D. Renal segment supplied by the superior segmental renal artery.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior renal segment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15620 1_1_8f4rqnqu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'osseus cochlear canal'?","A. Design pattern note: check if conforms to foramen pattern B. The tissues which attach the third phalanx to the hoof wall. C. One of two hemispherical bulges on the base of the posterior hypothalamus (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 455). D. Cooper's ligaments (also known as the suspensory ligaments of Cooper and the fibrocollagenous septa) are connective tissue in the breast that helps maintain structural integrity. Transmission diffraction tomography can reveal the anatomy. Cooper's Suspensory Ligament should not be confused with the pectineal ligament (sometimes called the inguinal ligament of Cooper) which shares the same eponym.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,osseus cochlear canal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006495 1_1_pkniclb7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Friedreich ataxia'?","A. An autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by onset of dystonia and ataxia in the first decade and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PNKP gene on chromosome 19q13. B. Xref MGI. C. An autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia characterized by childhood-onset global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, motor dysfunction, and cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PITRM1 gene on chromosome 10p15. D. An autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia characterized by slowly progressive neurodegeneration resulting in gait ataxia and other cerebellar signs, spasticity, secondary musculoskeletal abnormalities, and ocular movement anomalies that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in SYNE1 on chromosome 6q25.2.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Friedreich ataxia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12705 1_1_pynkf6iw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'iron deficiency anemia, unspecified'?","A. Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. B. caused by a shortage of iron in your body. C. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. D. Iron deficiency anemia (a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy blood cells) caused by chronic blood loss",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"iron deficiency anemia, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000281 1_1_x2q7e95j,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf procambium'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that is committed to the development of a root primordium . B. A portion of shoot procambium tissue that is part of a vascular leaf . C. A portion of shoot procambium that is part of a shoot apical meristem and gives rise to the primary vascular tissue of a shoot axis. D. A portion of procambium tissue that is part of a shoot system .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf procambium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025259 1_1_i1ixseph,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenosquamous gallbladder carcinoma'?","A. A gallbladder carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. B. A gallbladder cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells. C. A gallbladder carcinoma that derives_from squamous cells and gland-like cells. D. A squamous cell carcinoma that is located_in the gallbladder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,adenosquamous gallbladder carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5627 1_1_4rmbkr15,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental phobia'?","A. A specific phobia that involves a fear caused by the presence or thought of a specific animal that poses little or no danger at all. B. A specific phobia involving some aspect of the environment, such as the fear of heights or the fear of water. C. Any specific phobia involving some negative experience or experiences, such as the fear of the dark or the fear of small confined spaces. D. A phobic disorder that is characterized by an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,environmental phobia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002860 1_1_9sl7g4md,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MIcroarray Analysis Suite'?","A. Statistical methods for identifying differentially expressed genes in replicated cDNA microarray experiments. B. Sequence Alignment and Modeling System, a collection of flexible software tools for creating, refining, and using linear hidden Markov models for biological sequence analysis. C. Citation management software D. Affymetrix® Microarray Suite (MAS) is the core software product in the Affymetrix Software System providing instrument control, data acquisition, and data analysis for the entire GeneChip® platform.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MIcroarray Analysis Suite,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000271 1_1_zvk2w1sl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'arginine'?","A. An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. B. A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2. C. An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. D. Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,arginine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29016 1_1_3mv7jvz9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thiopental allergy'?","A. A drug allergy that has_allergic_trigger thiopental. B. A drug allergy that has_allergic_trigger chlorhexidine. C. A drug allergy that has_allergic_trigger cyclophosphamide. D. A drug allergy that has_allergic_trigger lidocaine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,thiopental allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0040018 1_1_jcqo60tn,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'non alcoholic beverage (eurofir)'?","A. Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. B. Alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages. C. Beverage prepared by extracting flavour and other components from food sources by percolation and/or immersion in water, usually at near-boiling temperature. The group includes coffee (e.g. instant coffee, coffee and chicory essence), tea, herbal tea (e.g. green tea, black tea, tisane), cocoa beverage and beverage powder. D. Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be flavoured, sweetened or carbonated; includes soft drinks and steeped beverages; excludes milk in all forms, fruit juices and vegetable juices.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,non alcoholic beverage (eurofir),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400842 1_1_g6c20jwf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Impaired smooth pursuit'?","A. An abnormality of ocular smooth pursuit characterized by an impairment of the ability to track horizontally moving objects. B. An impairment of the ability to track objects with the ocular smooth pursuit system, a class of rather slow eye movements that minimizes retinal target motion. C. A complete lack of the ability to track objects with the ocular smooth pursuit system, a class of rather slow eye movements that minimizes retinal target motion. D. An abnormality of eye movement characterized by impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Impaired smooth pursuit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0007772 1_1_qalcscca,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inscription'?","A. This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. In general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures, or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques, often in order to indicate such things as creator, owner, dedications, purpose, or to communicate information generally. Instances of E37 Mark do not represent the actual image of a mark, but the abstract ideal (or archetype) as used for codification in reference documents forming cultural documentation. This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Human-Made Feature.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the textual strings that within a cultural context can be clearly identified as titles due to their form. Being a subclass of E41 Appellation, E35 Title can only be used when such a string is actually used as a title of a work, such as a text, an artwork, or a piece of music. Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting”, or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group. This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises recognisable texts that can be attached to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class is not intended to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CIDOC CRM as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E18 Physical Thing. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E34 Inscription,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E34_Inscription 1_1_v8c8rkwf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'vorticity advection'?","A. Advection of vorticity by the total wind or force. B. The process of transport solely by the mass motion (velocity field); also, the rate of change of the value of the advected property at a given point. C. A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat. D. In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,vorticity advection,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidTransport/VorticityAdvection 1_1_cm0o7388,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tropical mixed broadleaf forest'?","A. A tropical mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. B. A tropical mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). C. A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. D. A tropical mixed forest which is in its climactic successional state.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tropical mixed broadleaf forest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000402 1_1_wt1xf4io,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'early rosette growth stage'?","A. Stages of growth based on expansion of the rosette in Arabidopsis. B. Rosette has reached approximately 70% of its final diameter. C. Stage at which rosette no longer increases in diameter, its leaf growth and expansion having ceased. D. Rosette has reached approximately 20% of its final diameter.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,early rosette growth stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007081 1_1_eas7c6s6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'till plain'?","A. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. B. Granules on the photosphere are caused by convection currents (thermal columns, Bénard cells) of plasma within the Sconvective zone. C. An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. D. A suture is where a fragment of crustal material is accreted to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,till plain,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/TillPlain 1_1_h6e3afci,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mRNA catabolic process'?","A. Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mRNA catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006402 1_1_sttvjuof,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine. Weak activity with N(1)-acetylspermine. The Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme converts norspermine to norspermidine. B. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine. Also converts N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + thermospermine + H+ = S-adenosyl 3-(methylthio)propylamine + spermidine. D. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + O2 + spermine = 1,3-diaminopropane + H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal. Weak activity on N(1)-acetylspermine and spermine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase (3-acetamidopropanal-forming) activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052903 1_1_y4m7rsaa,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior inferior iliac spine'?","A. Iliac spine, each instance of which is a blunt prominence projecting from the anteroinferior part of the wing of some ilium. B. Iliac spine, each instance of which is a blunt prominence projecting from the posteroinferior part of some ilium, at the the posterior end of some facies auricularis and the superior end of some greater sciatic notch. C. Iliac spine, each instance of which is a blunt prominence at the anterior end of some iliac crest. D. Iliac spine, each instance of which is a blunt prominence at the posterior end of some iliac crest.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior inferior iliac spine,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63614 1_1_jeclt2jc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine artery'?","A. The branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina. B. A portion of a prostate that forms a lobe. C. Organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin[GO]. The fetal portion of the placenta is known as the villous chorion. The maternal portion is known as the decidua basalis. The two portions are held together by anchoring villi that are anchored to the decidua basalis by the cytotrophoblastic shell. D. A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a ejaculatory duct.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,uterine artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002493 1_1_qep5nggy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Para-umbilical vein'?","A. Tributary of superior mesenteric vein, each instance of which drains blood from some duodenum and pancreas. B. Parietal para-aortic lymph node group proper located around abdominal aorta at aortic hiatus of diaphragm. C. Tributary of superior mesenteric vein, each instance of which communicates with some hepatic portal and iliac veins and anastomose with the superficial, superior, and inferior epigastric veins in the region of some umbilicus. D. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which connects some cervical canal of uterus to some vestibule of vagina. Examples: There is only one vagina.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Para-umbilical vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15401 1_1_bzv6il6m,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'qpgraph'?","A. The ABarray is designed to work with Applied Biosystems whole genome microarray platform, as well as any other platform whose data can be tranformed into expression data matrix. B. Reverse engineering of molecular regulatory networks with qp-graphs C. MEDME allows the prediction of absolute and relative methylation levels based on measures obtained by MeDIP-microarray experiments D. Test package for a pathway 'ontology'",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,qpgraph,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000672 1_1_nqex12ow,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrogen peroxide'?","A. An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2. B. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. C. An inorganic peroxide consisting of two hydroxy groups joined by a covalent oxygen-oxygen single bond. D. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hydrogen peroxide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16240 1_1_l51v6h2t,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''Biobase''?","A. cosmo searches a set of unaligned DNA sequences for a shared motif that may, for example, represent a common transcription factor binding site. The algorithm is similar to MEME, but also allows the user to specify a set of constraints that the position weight matrix of the unknown motif must satisfy. Such constraints may include bounds on the information content across certain regions of the unknown motif, for example, and can often be formulated on the basis of prior knowledge about the structure of the transcription factor in question. The unknown motif width, the distribution of motif occurrences (OOPS, ZOOPS, or TCM), as well as the appropriate constraint set can be selected data-adaptively. B. Functions that are needed by many other packages or which replace R functions C. An interactive tool to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves D. Estimation of local false discovery rate",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'Biobase',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100045 1_1_55nxmttv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Kdo-(2->8)-alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-OAll'?","A. A trisaccharide derivative that consists of 6-sulfated D-glucose having an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at position 3 and a 3-sulfated beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 4. B. A trisaccharide derivative consisting of three 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranonosyl units in a linear sequence with an O-allyl group at the anomeric centre. C. A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose where the hydrogen of the anomeric OH group is substituted by a 3-(hexadecylsulfonyl)-2-[(hexadecylsulfonyl)methyl]propyl group. D. A trisaccharide derivative consisting of a beta-D-glucosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-3 a beta-D-glucosyl-(1->3)-4-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-2-O-methyl-alpha-L-talosyl disaccharide unit.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Kdo-(2->8)-alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-OAll,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60350 1_1_xzxv2fe3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sclerotic ilium'?","A. An anomaly of the sacroiliac joint, which connects the base of the spine (sacrum) to the ilium (a hip bone). B. An abnormality of the ilium, the largest and uppermost bone of the pelvis. C. An elevation in bone density in the ilium. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity. D. Irregularity of the iliac crest, which is the superior border of the wing of the ilium.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Sclerotic ilium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000869 1_1_p1z0ndkk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'carnitine'?","A. Any amino acid-derived zwitterion - such as glycine betaine (N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate) - in which the ammonium nitrogen carries methyl substituents and bears no hydrogen atoms. B. The presence of a meningioma, i.e., a benign tumor originating from the dura mater or arachnoid mater. C. Incidents in which a piece of food or other objects get stuck in the upper airway and provoke coughing, gagging, inability to talk, and difficulty breathing. D. An amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,carnitine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17126 1_1_8t3vk20u,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatic stellate cell proliferation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904897 1_1_2z047kz0,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Business Process Diagram'?","A. A Sub-Process is a compound activity that is included within a Process. It is compound in that it can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Process) through a set of sub-activities. B. Signal, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Gather the set of attributes of a Business Process Diagram D. Artifacts are used to provide additional information about the Process. There are three standardized Artifacts, but modelers or modeling tools are free to add as many Artifacts as required. There may be addition BPMN efforts to standardize a larger set of Artifacts for general use or for vertical markets. The current set of Artifacts include: Data Object, Group, Annotation",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Business Process Diagram,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#business_process_diagram 1_1_eknie1du,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 36'?","A. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the PPP2R1A gene on chromosome 19q13.41. B. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder characterized by behavioral abnormalities and developmental delay ranging from mild-to-moderate impaired intellectual development with expressive language delay to severly impaired intellectual development, severe hypotonia with delayed walking or inability to walk, and poor or absent speech that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CACNA1C gene on chromosome 12p13.33. C. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails. D. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the ADNP gene on chromosome 20q13.13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 36,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070066 1_1_50ez2rro,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'glomerular tuft'?","A. An anatomical wall that is part of a ureter. B. A muscle of shoulder which attaches to the scapula, clavicle and humerus.[FMA,generalized]. C. The small, erectile body located at the anterior end of the vulva. D. The capillary loops of the kidney that normally function as a filtration unit[MP].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,glomerular tuft,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005749 1_1_6z3k88vx,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'wind turbine service technician'?","A. Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Includes vascular technologists. B. Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction. C. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers. D. Inspect, diagnose, adjust, or repair wind turbines. Perform maintenance on wind turbine equipment including resolving electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic malfunctions.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,wind turbine service technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49908100 1_1_o8080ikq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lamina propria of urethra'?","A. A germinal center that is part of the spleen. The spleen germinal center is located in a secondary B follicle in the white pulp of the spleen. B. Proximal element of a free limb skeleton consisting of the femur and humerus in the forelimb stylopodium and hindlimb stylopodium respectively[VSAO, modified]. C. A large superficial muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade). Its functions are to move the scapulae and support the arm. The trapezius has three functional regions: the superior region (descending part), which supports the weight of the arm; the intermediate region (transverse part), which retracts the scapulae; and the inferior region (ascending part), which medially rotates and depresses the scapulae. [WP,unvetted]. D. A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lamina propria of urethra,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002326 1_1_zmts2qxu,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Message'?","A. A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process. B. Message, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, Task, and Message Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2) C. Base element D. A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two participants that are prepared to send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two participants (e.g., business entities or business roles).",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Message,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#message 1_1_g2owo463,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'CCR9 chemokine receptor binding'?","A. Binding to a CCR6 chemokine receptor. B. Binding to a CCR9 chemokine receptor. C. Binding to a CCR2 chemokine receptor. D. Binding to a CCR8 chemokine receptor.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,CCR9 chemokine receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031734 1_1_83ezfeet,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'quaternary leaf vein'?","A. A phyllome lamina vein that is part of a leaf lamina vascular system . B. A leaf lamina vein arising from a primary leaf vein . C. A leaf lamina vein above the first order that is connected to another vein only at one end. D. A leaf lamina vein arising from a tertiary leaf vein .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,quaternary leaf vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008022 1_1_q2vdxjvw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'frozen ground'?","A. In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica), and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. B. The part of a planetary surface that is a solid C. A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts. D. Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,frozen ground,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround 1_1_2hrdt031,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete data annotation'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete data annotation,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000467 1_1_5c22wtxv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinitis pigmentosa 49'?","A. A retinitis pigmentosa characterized by slowly progressive visual disturbance and extensive choroid/retinal atrophy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the RPE65 gene on chromosome 1p31.3. B. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in variation on the Y chromosome. C. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PRPF4 gene on chromosome 9q32. D. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CNGA1 gene on chromosome 4p12.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinitis pigmentosa 49,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110377 1_1_acnp5ukz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'REST service'?","A. A SOAP service is a Web service which provides a standard, extensible, composable framework for packaging and exchanging XML messages. The service may expose an arbitrary, application-specific set of operations. B. A REST service is a Web service in which the primary purpose of the service is to manipulate XML representations of Web resources using a uniform set of ""stateless"" operations. RESTful APIs do not require XML-based web service protocols (SOAP and WSDL) to support their light-weight interfaces. C. A web service is a software interface which works as a method of communication between two electronic devices over the World Wide Web and which is provided at a particular network address. There are two major classes of Web services: REST-compliant Web services, and arbitrary (or application-specific) Web services. D. A web service in which calls invoked return JSON.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,REST service,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/interface/SWO_5000005 1_1_sq764ltx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'crescent-shaped'?","A. A shape quality inhering in a circular disk by virtue of the bearer's having a segment of another circle removed from its edge, so that what remains is a shape enclosed by two circular arcs of different diameters which intersect at two points (usually in such a manner that the enclosed shape does not include the center of the original circle). B. A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt C. A preadipocyte that is part of visceral tissue. D. A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,crescent-shaped,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001870 1_1_dao2qzh1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'DNA hairpin binding'?","A. Binding to DNA segment that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA. B. Binding to a DNA region containing a hairpin. A hairpin structure forms when a DNA strand folds back on itself and intrachain base pairing occurs between inverted repeat sequences. C. Binding to a DNA segment containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration. D. Binding to a DNA secondary structure element such as a four-way junction, a bubble, a loop, Y-form DNA, or a double-strand/single-strand junction.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,DNA hairpin binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032448 1_1_grevg3qq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'tiger prawn allergy'?","A. A crustacean allergy triggered by Penaeus monodon. B. A crustacean allergy triggered by Farfantepenaeus aztecus. C. A crustacean allergy triggered by Fenneropenaeus indicus. D. A crustacean allergy triggered by Litopenaeus vannamei.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,tiger prawn allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060528 1_1_nv5ytmyd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'surface groove'?","A. A furrow or an incomplete tube. B. NIF differs from FMA C. An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. D. A small indentation in the central part of the optic placode.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,surface groove,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006846 1_1_56si76r0,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'A megaspore mother cell enlarges stage'?","A. The product of meiosis of the megaspore mother cell. B. The stage of megagametophyte development when non-functional megaspores degenerate. C. The stage of megagametophyte development when there are four nuclei. D. The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell enlarges.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,A megaspore mother cell enlarges stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007623 1_1_erusisfl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf production stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant. C. The stage at which leaves at five nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf production stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007133 1_1_rqy2v6rk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nucleus of pallium'?","A. A group of neurons in the basal forebrain that has wide projections to the neocortex and is rich in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase. It undergoes degeneration in paralysis agitans and Alzheimer's disease. B. An elongated nucleus consisting largely of multipolar spiny cells lying deep to the piriform cortex. According to Price (1990; pp. 979-998 in The Human Nervous System, G. Paxinos, (Ed.), Academic Press, San Diego), it is part of the claustrum. C. A nucleus located in the dorsal pallium that is present in sharks, skates and rays and extends at some levels to the midline.. D. One of the seven small groups of granule cells in the polymorph layer of the olfactory tubercle and one large group, the insula magna, which lies along the border between septum, nucleus accumbens and nucleus of the diagonal band.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,central nucleus of pallium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014742 1_1_knldfboh,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nephroma'?","A. A kidney benign neoplasm that is located_in the kidney cortex. B. A lipoma that is located in the kidney. C. A nephroma that is characterized as a localized, well-circumscribed multilocular tumor lined by hobnail epithelium. D. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,nephroma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080615 1_1_qdmzw0zm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SLGI'?","A. Two-stage measurement error model for correlation estimation with smaller bias than the usual sample correlation B. An integrated web interface for doing microarray analysis using several of the Bioconductor packages. It is intended to be deployed as a centralized bioinformatics resource for use by many users. C. affyContam is software which provides the in silico creation of quality problems in CEL-level data to help evaluate performance of quality metrics. In essence, it creates structured corruption within CEL data to demonstrate QA effectiveness. D. A variety of data files and functions for the analysis of genetic interactions",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SLGI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000383 1_1_sy29tkve,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'silica cell'?","A. Cells with deposits of silica in them. One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with epidermal cork cell. B. One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with silica cell. C. A branch that is slender and coiling. D. An isodiametric leaf pavement cell.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,silica cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004009 1_1_ti9jkbho,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'betreffen'?","A. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that is a mild form of worry about a particular object or situation. C. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive. D. An unpleasant emotion closely related to anger but lower in intensity and without the moral dimension of blame and seriousness that is implicated in anger. [Source: OCEAS]",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,betreffen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000168 1_1_ixzjnweb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wernicke's area'?","A. Subdivision of viscerocranial mucosa in front of the opening pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left salpingopalatine folds. B. Region of cerebral cortex, each instance of which is an area within the posterior limb on some internal capsule in which the optic radiation, having just left some lateral geniculate body, comes into close proximity to some auditory and somesthetic radiations C. Ligament organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi which may be admixed with smooth muscle. Examples: ligament of liver, ovarian ligament. D. Organ component of muscle which consists of bundles of collagen fibrils (Type I collagen) bound by loose connective tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wernicke's area,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242178 1_1_unpmrjft,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'crown root'?","A. An embryo root formed within the scutellar node of the plant embryo in some monocotyledonous plants. B. A shoot-borne nodal root formed at a stem base . C. A shoot-borne nodal root formed at a stem node above the ground and growing directly into the soil. D. A shoot-borne root that forms at a shoot axis node .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,crown root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000043 1_1_jo8hbc3v,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'evidence-based medicine'?","A. The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. B. A broad descriptor for medicine provided via remote clinical services, such as diagnosis and monitoring. C. The study or comparison of the traditional medicine based on bioactive compounds in plants and animals and practiced by various ethnic groups, often members of various Indigenous peoples. Ethnomedical research is interdisciplinary; in its study of traditional medicines, it applies the methods of ethnobotany and medical anthropology. Often, the medicine traditions it studies are preserved only by oral tradition. Scientific ethnomedical studies constitute either anthropological research or drug discovery research. D. Medicine which focuses on the impacts of sex and gender on physiology, pathophysiology, and other aspects of disease.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,evidence-based medicine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012740 1_1_652owr2h,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'talus'?","A. Alpine region is one above the tree line. [Wikipedia] B. A slope formed at the base of a steeper slope, made of fallen and disintegrated materials. C. The component of a three-dimensional velocity vector oriented along the radial direction from the origin point or axis in polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. In connection with Doppler radar, the radial velocity component is called Doppler velocity. D. The shady (usually poleward) side of a mountain.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,talus,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandOrographic/Talus 1_1_lsvlk0la,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'thrust system'?","A. A thrust fault system is one in which the higher side of the fault moves upward. [Wikipedia] B. A suture is where a fragment of crustal material is accreted to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia] C. A fracture zone is a linear oceanic feature--often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long--resulting from the action of offset mid-ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics. Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions; here, strike-slip activity is possible. Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis; seismically inactive (because both plate segments are moving in the same direction), they display evidence of past transform fault activity. D. A rift is a place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart[1] and is an example of extensional tectonics. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,thrust system,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/ThrustSystem 1_1_eif80f8e,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of B cell tolerance induction'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of B cell tolerance induction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002661 1_1_nl618ofg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'monophosphoglyceric acid'?","A. A glyceric acid phosphate in which only one of the hydroxy groups has been phosphorylated. B. An aldonic acid phosphate where the aldonic acid component is glyceric acid. C. A monophosphoglyceric acid having the phospho group at the 3-position. It is an intermediate in metabolic pathways like glycolysis and calvin cycle. D. A is a monophosphoglyceric acid having the phosphate group at the 3-position as well as an alpha-D-mannosyl residue attached at the 2-position.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,monophosphoglyceric acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25405 1_1_ml2vc7nq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pancreatic acinus'?","A. The secretory units of the exocrine pancreas, where fluid containing digestive enzymes is produced; consists of a group of secretory cells surrounding a luminal space that connects to the pancreatic duct. B. The smallest anatomical unit of the lung, measuring 0.50 to 2.00 cm in diameter. Each lobule is composed of 4-8 terminal bronchioles and their distal alveolar ducts and sacs. The lobules are separated by fibrous interlobular septa. C. A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal[biology-online]. The interhyal is a small rod-like element that connects the ventral and dorsal parts of the hyoid arch. It articulates laterally with the posterior end of the epihyal and medially at the cartilaginous junction between the hyomandibula and the symplectic. It remains cartilaginous in adult zebrafish and other cypriniforms[ZFA]. D. A gland that is part of a larynx submucosa [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pancreatic acinus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001263 1_1_m1wbpk5s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anal carcinoma'?","A. A anus cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the anus. B. An anal carcinoma that originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland and derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. C. A sarcoma and malignant neoplasm of anus that is located_in the anus. D. An anal carcinoma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells and is located_in the anal margin (where the canal meets the outside skin at the anus).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,anal carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4908 1_1_ai4y7l0i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'fraction F mature B cell'?","A. A resting mature B cell within the Peyer's patch that is CD19-positive, B220-positive, IgM-positive, AA4-negative, CD23-positive, CD43-negative, and CD5-negative. B. A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells. These cells are CD43-negative. C. A mature B cell subset originally defined as having being CD45R-positive, IgM-positive, IgD-positive and CD43-negative. Subsequent research demonstrated being CD21-positive and CD23-negative and CD93 negative. D. A resting mature B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD23-positive and CD21-positive, and found in the B cell follicles of the white pulp of the spleen or the corticol areas of the peripheral lymph nodes. This cell type is also described as being CD19-positive, B220-positive, AA4-negative, CD43-negative, and CD5-negative.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,fraction F mature B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002056 1_1_wr7gfb9w,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'blue jet'?","A. A rare and randomly occurring bright ball of light observed floating or moving through the atmosphere close to the ground. B. Weakly luminous upward propagating discharges, blue in color, emanating from the tops of thunderstorms. C. A particular aspect of a normal lightning flash occasionally seen when the observer happens to view end-on a number of segments of the irregular channel (zigzag lightning) and hence receives an impression of higher luminosity at a series of locations along the channel. D. Lightning is a transient, high-current electric discharge with pathlengths measured in kilometers. The most common source of lightning is the electric charge separated in ordinary thunderstorm clouds.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,blue jet,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoLightning/BlueJet 1_1_38nh4xf5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'reuteran metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reuteran, a soluble glucan polymer with mainly alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkages and significant amounts of alpha-(1->6) and alpha-(1->4,6) glucosidic linkages.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,reuteran metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052783 1_1_81shi0qf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'HTML'?","A. html, or HyperText Markup Language in full, is a data format specification is a markup language for web pages and is the publishing language of the World Wide Web. B. Live is a development status which is applied to software that has been designated as suitable for production environments by the developer/publisher. If a non-free product, software at this stage is available for purchase C. A package that provides a client interface to the KEGG SOAP server D. This package can be used to estimate the number of clusters in a set of microarray data, as well as test the stability of these clusters.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,HTML,http://edamontology.org/format_2331 1_1_iehb6iba,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluoride channel activity'?","A. Enables the transfer of fluoride from one side of a membrane to the other. B. Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic anion by a volume-sensitive channel. A volume-sensitive channel is a channel that responds to changes in the volume of a cell. C. Enables the transmembrane transfer of an anion by a voltage-gated channel. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A voltage-gated channel is a channel whose open state is dependent on the voltage across the membrane in which it is embedded. D. Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a fluoride ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fluoride channel activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0062054 1_1_nj2ssyk0,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphingomyelin d18:1'?","A. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 41 with 2 double bonds. B. Any sphingomyelin having sphingosine as the sphingoid component. C. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons contained in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 12 with zero double bonds. D. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 34 with 3 double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,sphingomyelin d18:1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17636 1_1_almaetgw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ameboidal-type cell migration'?","A. The orderly movement of a muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. B. Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. C. Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. D. The orderly movement of a mesenchymal stem cell from one site to another.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ameboidal-type cell migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001667 1_1_yxd9a9sl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'myrosin cell'?","A. Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving kayokinesis but not cytokinesis of the initial feeding cell. The events are induced by root knot nematodes (e.g., Meloidogyne sp. ) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system. B. A cell containing glucosinolates (""mustard oil glucosides"") and myrosinases, enzymes hydrolyzing the glucosinolates. C. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of ground tissue . D. A ground tissue cell that is part of an exodermis or an endodermis and remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,myrosin cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000352 1_1_n81et506,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pancreaticosplenic ligament'?","A. Mesentery, each instance of which attaches the lateral side of some vagina and cervix to some lateral pelvic wall. B. Mesentery, each instance of which is a broad fold of peritoneum that attaches some uterus and ovaries to wall of some pelvis; it is divided into the mesometrium, mesosalpinx, and mesovarium. C. Mesentery, each instance of which is a thickening of some greater omentum that extends fromsome pancreas to some spleen. D. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster, each instance of which has as its direct parts instances of two laminae of visceral peritoneum and regional parts of some gastrointestinal tract, vascular tree and neural tree. Examples: mesentery of small intestine, greater omentum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pancreaticosplenic ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76983 1_1_4xr8k4dh,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'epiblast cell'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation. B. A stem cell from which all cells of the body can form. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate. D. A cell of the outer layer of a blastula that gives rise to the ectoderm after gastrulation.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,epiblast cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000352 1_1_c1ml1z13,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lemma development stage'?","A. A phyllome development stage during which the development of vascular leaves and non-vascular leaves occurs. B. Stage of lemma development defined by differentiation and expansion of lemma. C. A plant organ development stage that has a primary participant a phyllome . D. A phyllome development stage that has as a primary participant a lemma .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lemma development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001047 1_1_17rrl18h,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion'?","A. An autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy that is characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of slowly progressive centronuclear myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ZAK gene on 2q31.1. B. A centronuclear myopathy that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance. C. An autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in BIN1 on 2q14.3. D. An autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy characterized by severe neonatal hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, and difficulty feeding that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in SPEG on 2q35.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,centronuclear myopathy 6 with fiber-type disproportion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111221 1_1_gg0zq2ji,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary amino compound'?","A. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. C. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. D. An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,primary amino compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50994 1_1_91zkr7ei,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pleural effusion in conditions classified elsewhere'?","A. The most frequent air leak, called a pneumothorax, is when the air collects between the lung and the chest wall. B. diseases affecting the pleura, a membrane that lines the thorax C. Pleural plaques are deposits of hyalinized collagen fibers in the parietal pleura. D. increased amounts of fluid between the thin layers of tissue lining the lung and wall of the chest cavity",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pleural effusion in conditions classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000212 1_1_odww616v,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'RNDVI Measurement'?","A. Standard method for grain iron content. B. Standard method for spectral reflectance. C. Standard method for stomatal size. D. Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,RNDVI Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000985 1_1_p6l3byv2,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'flowering stage'?","A. A plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a collective plant structure . B. A flower development stage which begins with the transition of a portion of meristem tissue to a flower meristem and ends with the onset of the floral organ formation stage . C. A flower development stage that begins when pollen is released by anther dehiscence and/or the stigma is receptive and ends with the process of pollination and/or floral organ senescence . D. A reproductive shoot system development stage that occurs in an individual flower during the interval between the onset of a flower meristem transition stage and the end of a flowering stage .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,flowering stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007616 1_1_l3xj7j4w,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'point vortex'?","A. Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia] B. Mesoscale vortices observed at the ends of a line segment of convective cells, usually cyclonic on the northern end of the system and anticyclonic on the southern end, for an environment of westerly vertical wind shear C. More often the term refers to a flow with closed streamlines or to the idealized case in which all vorticity is concentrated in a vortex filament. D. A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,point vortex,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidDynamics/PointVortex 1_1_nicor6ug,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'MilliliterPerLIter'?","A. A composite unit is the product of at least two base or derived units. For example, 'meter per second square' denotes a composite unit defined over 'meter' (a base unit) and 'per second square' (a derived unit). B. A knot is one nautical mile per hour, which is equal to exactly 1.852 km/h and approximately 1.151 mph. C. A unit of concentration used for liquid-liquid solutions or for mixtures of gasses and of gasses and liquids. D. The volt is defined as the value of the voltage across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power in the conductor.[2] It can be written in terms of SI base units as: m2 · kg · s−3 · A−1. It is also equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge, J/C.",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,MilliliterPerLIter,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#MilliliterPerLIter 1_1_vptjvwvg,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of floral meristem growth'?","A. Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem. B. Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. D. Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in the meristem.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of floral meristem growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010080 1_1_dgr3p7o4,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Framework derivative contract'?","A. Class describing contracts derived from a dynamic purchasing system. B. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. C. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement. D. Class describing contracts whose operation results are shared among the contracting authority and the tenderer.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Framework derivative contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#FrameworkDerivativeContract 1_1_age49phc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae'?","A. Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae). This type of pneumonia is also called atypical pneumonia because the symptoms are different from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria. B. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. C. Group B (i.e.,Streptococcus agalactiae) streptococci are a major cause of neonatal sepsis and pneumonia. In adults, pneumonia accounts for approximately 15% of adult infections by group B streptococci. Most adults with group B streptococcal pneumonia are debilitated and develop pneumonia as a consequence of aspiration. D. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive, lancet-shaped bacterium and a cause of community-acquired pneumonia.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000233 1_1_bt5jogif,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Goldenhar syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that is characterized by delayed psychomotor development and visual impairment, often accompanied by short stature and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TUBGCP6 gene. B. A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutations in genes that alter the Ras subfamily and mitogen-activated protein kinases that control signal transduction. C. A syndrome characterized by short stature, brachycephaly and other facial abnormalities, brachydactyly, joint stiffness and distinctive ocular abnormalities. D. A syndrome that is characterized by incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip, and mandible. It is associated with anomalous development of the first branchial arch and second branchial arch.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Goldenhar syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2907 1_1_8qk9fpqd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '16-methyloctadecan-1-ol'?","A. A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is octadecan-1-ol (stearyl alcohol) substituted by a methyl group at position 16. B. A long-chain fatty alcohol that is stearyl alcohol which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a cis double bond between positions 13 and 14. C. A long-chain fatty alcohol that is tetradecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. D. A long-chain fatty alcohol in which the hydroxy group is attached to a methylene (CH2) group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,16-methyloctadecan-1-ol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84922 1_1_qb6kkihj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tibial torsion'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the tibia. B. Abnormality of the tibia (shinbone). C. Twisted position of the tibia (shin bone) associated with pathological rotation of the leg. D. Absence or underdevelopment of the tibia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Tibial torsion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100694 1_1_wdif5aow,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bias'?","A. A belief is a proposition that is believed to be true. B. A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own ""subjective social reality"" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of social reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behaviour in the social world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality. C. A psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a person. They are complex and are an acquired state through experiences. It is an individual's predisposed state of mind regarding a value[disambiguation needed] and it is precipitated through a responsive expression towards a person, place, thing, or event (the attitude object) which in turn influences the individual's thought and action. D. Bias is disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bias,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002822 1_1_dgo3vddw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine'?","A. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 12 carbons and no double bonds. B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 36 carbons in total with 3 double bonds. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 34 carbons and 7 double bonds. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl and 9-oxononanoyl respectively.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61042 1_1_xzlx3rc3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'parageusia'?","A. Abnormal findings on diagnostic imaging of lung B. Uremia resulting not from primary renal disease but from disturbances in circulation, fluid balance, or metabolism arising in other parts of the body. C. tests on the patients liver have given results that are abnormal D. A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,parageusia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000424 1_1_bhrdspdv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'submissive femininity'?","A. A gendered society in which the feminine is considered submissive to the masculine. B. A gendered society in which the feminine is considered dominant to the masculine. C. Female gender roles classified by power structure or roles. D. A term used by some transgender women to refer to their intromittent organ; alternatively, any penile structure feminized due to estrogenic hormones.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,submissive femininity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003603 1_1_1h3kzhsm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tail hair'?","A. A strand of hair that is part of a ventrum. B. Short, thin, slight-colored, and barely noticeable hair that develops on most of a person's body during childhood. C. A strand of hair that is part of a axilla. D. A strand of hair that is part of a tail.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tail hair,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015148 1_1_y1ett44d,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Muscular triangle'?","A. Subdivision of anterior triangle of neck, each instance of which is bounded by some hyoid bone, some anterior belly of digastric muscle and midline of anterior part of some neck; contains some mylohyoid muscle and some lymph nodes. B. Subdivision of anterior triangle of neck, each instance of which is bounded by some superior belly of some omohyoid muscle, some hyoid, some sternocleidomastoid muscle and midline of naterior part of some neck; contaims some infrahyoid (strap) muscles, some thyroid gland, some larynx and segment of some trachea. C. Subdivision of anterior triangle of neck, each instance of which is bounded by anterior and posterior bellies of some digastric muscle and some; contaims some mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscle, some submandibular gland, segment of some hypoglossal nerve and some segments of lingual and facial arteries. D. Subdivision of anterior triangle of neck, each instance of which is bounded by the inferior border of some posterior belly of digastric muscle superiorly, the posterosuperior border of the superior belly of some omohyoid muscle inferiorly, and the anterior border of some sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly; contains segments of some common carotid artery, some internal jugular vein and some vagus nerve and some lymph nodes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Muscular triangle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61601 1_1_xk0vgtkk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathological bodily process'?","A. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. B. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. C. A pathological bodily process in which a canonical anatomical structure becomes a pathological anatomical structure. D. Disease process is the progression disease in an individual over time. The process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in a susceptible host. For an infectious disease, the exposure is a microorganism. For cancer, the exposure may be a factor that initiates the process, such as asbestos fibers or components in tobacco smoke (for lung cancer), or one that promotes the process, such as estrogen (for endometrial cancer).",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pathological bodily process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000061 1_1_38fdhtkn,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Scourge'?","A. of crocodiles B. of vipers C. of vultures whilst circling D. of mosquitos",D,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Scourge,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Scourge 1_1_4kl7zui0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. B. A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor. C. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life). D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathologic distant metastases stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002310 1_1_6yvk9m58,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'aortic sac'?","A. The two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery in humans are the dorsal nasal artery and the supratrochlear artery. B. The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates. C. The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted]. D. The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,aortic sac,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005432 1_1_mxjr4fk2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'patternmaker, wood'?","A. Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for castings. B. Operate, install, adjust, and maintain integrated computer/communications systems, consoles, simulators, and other data acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment, which are used to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles. May record and interpret test data. C. Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia. D. Design, fabricate, adjust, repair, or appraise jewelry, gold, silver, other precious metals, or gems.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"patternmaker, wood",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51703200 1_1_m6dip4mp,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'music video'?","A. An electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. B. A video program produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable digital video players. C. Video priarily offered over the internet. D. A short film that integrates a song with imagery, and is produced for promotional or artistic purposes.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,music video,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000628 1_1_fcmf58k6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chlamydial infectious disease'?","A. An infectious disease that is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. B. A disease caused by a spirochetal infection. C. A disease caused by a chlamydial infection. D. A disease caused by a treponemal infection.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,chlamydial infectious disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000550 1_1_yffodazn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of prostaglandin secretion'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of arachidonic acid secretion, the controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or a tissue. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of prostaglandin secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032306 1_1_il8z10ec,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'coagulation defects, purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions'?","A. Hemorrhagic diseases are caused by bleeding, or they result in bleeding B. abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood. C. heart failure following heart surgery D. Deficiency of a coagulation factor (proteins in the blood that help control bleeding) that is not caused by genetic alterations. Causes include vitamin k deficiency, amyloidosis, and severe liver disease.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"coagulation defects, purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000289 1_1_jyb5j9w6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'past 30-day tobacco smoker'?","A. A data item describing how often a person has engaged in a binge drinking session within the past 30 days. B. An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past year. C. An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past 30 days. D. A tobacco smoker who has ever participated in smoking.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,past 30-day tobacco smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000387 1_1_wmdbtg00,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for adjustment and management of other implanted devices'?","A. an occurance that requires attention to a tracheostomy procedure B. Encounter for other specified aftercare C. an occurance that requires attention to a gastrostomy procedure D. Patient had implanted devices managed and adjusted",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for adjustment and management of other implanted devices,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000453 1_1_ytv77v8m,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'waterfall'?","A. A layer which is part of a lake. B. A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. C. A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. D. A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,waterfall,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000040 1_1_1062b1o5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human PDCD1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human PTPRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains. Contains 1 to 3 copies of the Fibronectin type III domain (Pfam:PF00041) followed by two copies of the Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Pfam:PF00102) domain. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (CD45) regulates signal transduction and lymphocyte activation by specific association with receptor molecules on T and B cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45 (180-235 kDa) can be generated asa result of alternative splicing of three variable exons 4(A), 5(B) and 6(C), encoding sequences at the N-terminal extracellular domain of the molecule. C. Category=family. Requested by=HPO/MPO. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human SIX3 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001006 1_1_bdkuraxd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'pentahydroxycyclohexanone'?","A. A pentahydroxycyclohexanone that is cyclohexanone having five hydroxy groups located at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (the (2R,3S,4r,5R,6S)-diastereomer). It is the resulting product of the oxidation of C-5 of myo-inositol catalyzed by a putative myo-inositol dehydrogenase Hyg17. B. Any hydroxycyclohexanone bearing three hydroxy substituents. C. Any hydroxycyclohexanone bearing four hydroxy substituents. D. A hydroxycyclohexanone bearing five hydroxy substituents.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,pentahydroxycyclohexanone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25881 1_1_x00b1007,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinal cord motor neuron migration'?","A. A short projection from the base of the manubrium of the malleus, attached firmly to the drum membrane. B. Lateral wall of chondrocranial braincase between lamina orbitonasalis and pila metoptica. C. The orderly movement of a motor neuron from one site to another. A motor neuron is an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. D. The orderly movement of a spinal cord motor neuron from one site to another. A spinal cord motor neuron is a motor neuron that passes from the spinal cord toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,spinal cord motor neuron migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097476 1_1_te800a7l,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'sensory pleasure'?","A. Pleasure derived from social contact. [Source: OCEAS] B. Pleasure that is experienced as a result of sexual activities. C. Pleasure derived from mastery, including the experience of flow. [Source: OCEAS] D. Pleasure in smell, touch, sight, sound and taste. [Source: OCEAS]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,sensory pleasure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000036 1_1_zmccmcq4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental compliance inspector'?","A. Inspect and investigate sources of pollution to protect the public and environment and ensure conformance with Federal, State, and local regulations and ordinances. B. Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and employment stipulations. C. Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May train or supervise staff. D. Design underground or overhead wind farm collector systems and prepare and develop site specifications.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,environmental compliance inspector,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13104101 1_1_zkt2iuzy,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Troop'?","A. of lions B. of butterflies, dragons C. of rattlesnakes D. of zebra",A,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Troop,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Troop 1_1_92dkh5wz,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral nicotine-containing product'?","A. A nicotine-containing product that is a licensed drug B. A nicotine-containing product that is designed to be held in the mouth or chewed so that nicotine is absorbed through the buccal mucosa. C. A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking. D. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to draw a nicotine-containing vapour into the respiratory tract so that nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of this tract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oral nicotine-containing product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001211 1_1_w2ssr9yg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypotrichosis 8'?","A. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation on chromosome 10q11.23-q22.3. B. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in a autosomal dominant mutation of the APCDD1 gene on chromosome 18p11.22. C. A hypotrichosis has_material_basis_in a autosomal recessive mutation of the LPAR6 gene on chromosome 13q14.2. D. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in a autosomal recessive mutation of the LIPH gene on chromosome 3q27.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypotrichosis 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110705 1_1_3sitpeec,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sensory canal tubular ossicle'?","A. A bone behind and above the orbit of which it commonly forms part of the border that is present in many vertebrates and corresponds to the postorbital process of the frontal bone of various birds and mammals. B. A dermal bone that is the lower, horizontal portion of the preopercle bone. C. Dermal bone that is ring-shaped or cylindrical and surrounds a sensory canal. D. The irregularly thin plate that forms part of the medial wall of the orbit behind the frontal process of the maxilla.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sensory canal tubular ossicle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001932 1_1_plxw695t,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chromaffin granule membrane'?","A. The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. B. The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule. C. The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule. D. The lipid bilayer surrounding a tertiary granule.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chromaffin granule membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042584 1_1_eyrrod65,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'axe'?","A. A bladed melee weapon intended for cutting or thrusting that is longer than a knife or dagger, consisting of a long blade attached to a hilt. The precise definition of the term varies with the historical epoch or the geographic region under consideration. The blade can be straight or curved. B. Weapons such as swords, axes, fighting knives and daggers. These weapons are designed to cause cutting, dismemberment and exsanguination injuries, and are most effective against minimally armoured opponents. These are used to cut, hack, slash, thrust or stab. C. An implement that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood, to harvest timber, as a weapon, and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. The axe has many forms and specialised uses but generally consists of an axe head with a handle, or helve. D. A knife with a very sharp point and usually two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a thrusting or stabbing weapon.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,axe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008162 1_1_wco5d6yv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete goProfiles'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete goProfiles,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000563 1_1_6ef0qajo,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'medicinal cannabis user'?","A. A cannabis user who users medicinal cannabis. B. A cannabis user who smokes cannabis. C. A cannabis smoker who smokes mulled cigarettes. D. A cannabis user who ingests cannabis through edible products.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,medicinal cannabis user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000930 1_1_8g3z1p98,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geologic time unit'?","A. The subdivisions of geologic time. The table of geologic time spans are dates and nomenclature defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. [Wikipedia] B. Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia] C. Eons are divided into eras [several hundred million years] [Wikipedia] D. Supereons are divided into eons. [billions of years] [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,geologic time unit,http://sweetontology.net/stateTime/GeologicTimeUnit 1_1_bpd66rzm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'placenta'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that has as parts tmema cells . B. A portion of plant tissue at the interface between two plant structures, one of which is in a gametophyte development stage and one of which is in a sporophyte development stage , and that has as parts transfer cells . C. A portion of plant tissue which is composed of highly vacuolated cells forming closely-packed, club-shaped sacs with long slender stalks and containing juice. D. A portion of plant tissue that is part of an abscission zone and contains cells that develop an abnormal wall chemistry and swelling resulting in their easily being pulled apart along the pectin-rich middle lamella .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,placenta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025078 1_1_0mojvh6o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Generalized hypoplasia of dental enamel'?","A. The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. There are two sets (except in the thumb): 'proximal interphalangeal joints' (PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges 'distal interphalangeal joints' (DIP), those between the second and third (distal) phalanges A similar group of articulations also function in the toes. B. A localized form of developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. C. Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel. D. A generalized form of developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Generalized hypoplasia of dental enamel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006282 1_1_y500zagy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parietal part of head'?","A. Organismal entity which is enclosed by the bona fide boundary of an organism or is an attribute of its structural organization during gestational and maturational development and senescence. B. Subdivision of head proper which consists of the occipital bone and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one occipital part of head. C. Subdivision of head proper which consists of the parietal bones and all layers superficial to them. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left parietal parts of head. D. Subdivision of head proper which consists of the frontal bone and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one frontal part of head.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Parietal part of head,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61731 1_1_aez3tucx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'permanent cartilage'?","A. A triangular plate of elastic fibrocartilage that forms the cartilage component of the pharyngotympanic tube. B. Chondrogenic element that is composed of cartilage that is not replaced. C. The cartilaginous form of a vertebral element, a skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column. D. Cartilage element adjacent to neural spine of preural centrum.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,permanent cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4000003 1_1_p0ibozy7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Celiac lymph node group'?","A. Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group around the main trunk of superior mesenteric artery. B. Intestinal lymph node group located around trunk opf celiac artery. C. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located on the antero-inferior region of head of pancreas. D. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the proximal segment of trunk of splenic artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Celiac lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71787 1_1_jpv7uwge,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'sialodecaosylceramide'?","A. A ganglioside in which the oligosaccharide portion is composed of an octasaccharide, to which one or more sialic acid residues are attached. B. A ganglioside in which the oligosaccharide portion is composed of a decasaccharide, to which one or more sialic acid residues are attached. C. A ganglioside in which the oligosaccharide portion is composed of an tetrasaccharide, to which one or more sialic acid residues are attached. D. A ganglioside where the oligosaccharide component is made up from five galactose, one galactosamine, four glucosamine, one glucose, two fucose and one sialose residue.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,sialodecaosylceramide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62565 1_1_d2n3lcum,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'iliocostalis muscle'?","A. The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior). [WP,unvetted]. B. An axial muscle that originates in the cervical vertebraae inserts on the scapula. C. A superficial postvertebral muscle innervated by the posterior ramus of the cervical spinal nerve with origins in the upper thoracic and lower cervical spinous processes whose actions are to extend and ipsilaterally rotate the head and neck. Examples: splenius capitis, splenius cervicis. D. The iliocostalis lumborum (iliocostalis muscle; sacrolumbalis muscle) is inserted, by six or seven flattened tendons, into the inferior borders of the angles of the lower six or seven ribs.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,iliocostalis muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002251 1_1_nco338c2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'physicist'?","A. Diagnose and treat diseases and injuries using medical imaging techniques, such as x rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasounds. May perform minimally invasive medical procedures and tests. B. Teach courses in childcare, family relations, finance, nutrition, and related subjects pertaining to home management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Conduct research into physical phenomena, develop theories on the basis of observation and experiments, and devise methods to apply physical laws and theories.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,physicist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19201200 1_1_xtvjytfn,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'manifestation'?","A. Anything concrete (i.e. made of atoms) that can be referred to but that does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: a pen, a pet, a building. B. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) C. Any electronic or physical format of a FRBR Expression: OOXML, ODT, XML, TIFF, PDF, print, etc. E.g.: PDF representation of act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006. D. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology.",C,1_1,legal/allot,manifestation,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRManifestation 1_1_p4div0ok,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of transporter activity'?","A. Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity. C. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. D. Any process that modulates the rate of an ATP-dependent activity.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032409 1_1_r35hcp2k,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed germ cell cancer'?","A. A germ cell cancer that occurs in many forms. B. A germ cell cancer that has_material_basis_in cells that line the yolk sac of the embryo. C. A germinoma that has_material_basis_in cells that make sperm and eggs. D. A mixed germ cell cancer that is located_in areas of the body other than the ovary or testicle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mixed germ cell cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3306 1_1_xq67vq9j,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Renal angiomyolipoma'?","A. A basal lamina that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. B. A disordered proliferation of mature tissues that are native to the kidneys. C. A benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. D. Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Renal angiomyolipoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006772 1_1_h9av8vcz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Salinity tolerance - Estimation'?","A. Observe seed lustre and rate it. B. Terminal leaflet length†usually recorded for the leaf at fourth node. C. Tolerance to acid soils estimated as reduction in plant height 30 days after sowing. D. Tolerance to salinity estimated as reduction in plant height 30 days after sowing.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Salinity tolerance - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_346:0000043 1_1_wd1hq40f,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sporophyll margin'?","A. A phyllome margin that is part of a sporophyll . B. A phyllome margin that is part of scale leaf . C. The margin of a stamen. D. A phyllome margin that is part of a leaf .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sporophyll margin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025016 1_1_0shpwupa,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone of organ component'?","A. Region of organ component of muscle between head of muscle and distal region of muscle. B. Cardinal organ part. each instance of which is a fiat subdivision of some organ component. Examples: wall of cervical part of esophagus, mucosa of body of stomach. C. Region of organ component with one or more floating fiat boundaries. D. Region of organ component with one or more anchored fiat boundaries.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone of organ component,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284472 1_1_4k4vb77p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2U'?","A. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that is characterized by adult onset of distal sensory impairment and distal muscle weakness and atrophy predominantly affecting the lower limbs and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BAG3 gene on chromosome 10q26. B. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MARS gene on chromosome 12q13. C. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KIF1B gene on chromosome 1p36. D. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the myelin protein-zero gene (MPZ) on chromosome 1q23.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease axonal type 2U,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110173 1_1_ahn4rtbz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'age'?","A. A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. B. An age quality that exists by virtue of the time (years and months) that the bearer has existed. C. A quality in which events occur in sequence. D. An age which is relatively low.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,age,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000011 1_1_u00nmyqc,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of of cGAS/STING signaling pathway. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RIG-I signaling pathway.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0141087 1_1_djrwkr9i,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia'?","A. A medical history of exposure during the fetal period to hyperphenylalaninemia because the mother had phenylketonuria with inadequate control during pregnancy. B. The mother of a fetus or index patient has a history of folate deficiency during the corresponding pregnancy. C. Any deviation from the normal concentration of phenylalanine in the blood circulation. D. An abnormally elevated or decreased level of a maternal serum marker analytes used in screening for aneuploidy.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100610 1_1_rrvshrq9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'logistician'?","A. Analyze and coordinate the ongoing logistical functions of a firm or organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product, including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and final disposal of resources. B. Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers. C. Assist social scientists in laboratory, survey, and other social science research. May help prepare findings for publication and assist in laboratory analysis, quality control, or data management. D. Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,logistician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13108100 1_1_0ifkk4bt,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seed dormant stage'?","A. Stage of seed development characterized by seed growth and differentiation. B. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a seed . C. A seed development stage during which the mature seed reaches a low moisture content. D. A seed development stage during which a seed participates in a seed dormancy process .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seed dormant stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025374 1_1_a2yxmyz4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf color - Estimation'?","A. Record position of appearance of roots at surface to tubers B. Assess the color of leaf on a young plant C. Observe the presence or absence of hairs on stem surface D. Record the uniformity of tuber flesh cross-section color using visual scale at fresh cut during harvest",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf color - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0010175 1_1_96n54j69,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'subjective cigarette craving'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that is a strong feeling of desire or a strong feeling of urge. B. Subjective craving that is wholly or mostly triggered by the immediate environment or part of it. C. Subjective craving that is mostly or completely independent of the immediate environment. D. Subjective craving in which the target of the craving is cigarette smoking.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,subjective cigarette craving,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000364 1_1_wi66qtv8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'twist'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa (sodium carbonate) are mixed to form a dry product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which raw tobacco leaf is powdered, flaked or sold in bundles of several long strands. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which air- or fire-cured burley tobacco leaf is treated with a tar-like tobacco leaf extract and sometimes sweeteners and other flavourings, then twisted into rope-like strands that are dried and braided.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,twist,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001014 1_1_n4l3nbu4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gender retransition'?","A. Do-it-yourself gender transition typically undertaken as a result of extreme gatekeeping of gender transition procedures and/or processes. B. Transitioning after stopping gender transition for any reason. C. The process of changing one's gender presentation and/or sex characteristics to accord with one's internal sense of gender identity. D. The medical portion of gender transition. Some parts of medical transition may include hormone replacement therapy, various gender confirmation surgeries, and voice therapy.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gender retransition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003400 1_1_98g34t4h,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Material'?","A. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g. “instances of cm”. Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. E55 Type provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials. Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of (forms part of): E18 Physical Thing). This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g. “instances of gold”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E57 Material,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E57_Material 1_1_h93phbvj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'inferior pulvinar nucleus'?","A. One of four subdivisions recognized in the primate pulvinar based on initially on topography, located ventrally between the medial and lateral geniculate bodies (Carpenter, A core text of neuroanatomy, 3rd ed., 1985, pg 238). B. One of a set of nuclei located in the posterior thalamus, that projects to all or nearly all extra-striate visual areas. C. Mostly gray regional part of anterior thalamic region, consisting of the anterior medial, anterior dorsal and anterior lateral thalamic nuclei in primates. In rodents, it consists of anterior medial and anterior ventral divisions, with several subdivisions of each, according to Paxinos (MM: 2006-10-26). D. The group of neurons that serve as the primary processor of visual information received from the retina via the optic tract and send processed information to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,inferior pulvinar nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002982 1_1_oi0ppxmi,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 8'?","A. Found in Acanthostega B. A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 3 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 4. C. A manual digit found in Aves that is morphologically similar to digit 2 in the standard tetrapod configuration and develops from embryonic digit 3. D. Found in Acanthostega",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,manual digit 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011983 1_1_f22pa8aw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'genital nullification surgery'?","A. Any of various genital surgeries used as treatment for transmasculine persons in alleviation of gender dysphoria. B. Any of various surgeries for gender confirmation which involve removal of all genital structures, with preservation of the urethra. C. Any of various genital surgeries used as treatment for transfeminine persons in alleviation of gender dysphoria. D. Any of various genital surgeries used as treatment for transgender persons in alleviation of gender dysphoria.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,genital nullification surgery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009707 1_1_okalyk52,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ culture in the Czech Republic'?","A. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Germany. B. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of the Netherlands. C. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Turkey. D. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of the Czech Republic.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ culture in the Czech Republic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001088 1_1_0jfdjue0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GNU LGPL v3'?","A. This is a free software license under the definition of ""free"" by the GNU Project, and is compatible with version 3 of the GNU GPL. B. This is the latest version of the LGPL: a free software license, but not a strong copyleft license, because it permits linking with nonfree modules. It is compatible with GPLv3. It is therefore recommend for special circumstances only. Please note that LGPLv3 is not compatible with GPLv2 by itself. However, most software released under GPLv2 allows you to use the terms of later versions of the GPL as well. When this is the case, you can use the code under GPLv3 to make the desired combination. C. The ORCID MIT-style license is identical to the MIT License, except for the addition of the following two clauses: 1. ""The above license does not apply to the branding or the ""look and feel"" of the websites located at the orcid.org URL even if elements thereof are contained in the Software.""; 2. ""Except to provide the copyright notice required above or as allowed under ORCID Inc.'s Trademark Use Policy (available at http://orcid.org, under ""Policies""), you may not use the name of ORCID, Inc., ORCID, its marks and logo, to advertise, promote or suggest any affiliation with or endorsement by ORCID, Inc. in connection with your use of the Software."". The MIT License is is a lax, permissive non-copyleft free software license, compatible with the GNU GPL. D. This is a free software, copyleft license. Its terms effectively consist of the terms of GPLv3, with an additional paragraph in section 13 to allow users who interact with the licensed software over a network to receive the source for that program. It is recommended that developers consider using the GNU AGPL for any software which will commonly be run over a network.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GNU LGPL v3,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000068 1_1_s2pm8fnw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'temperature height derivative'?","A. The derivative of temperature with respect to depth. B. The derivative of temperature. C. The derivative of temperature with respect to height. D. Horticulture is the art and science of the cultivation of plants",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,temperature height derivative,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperatureGradient/TemperatureHeightDerivative 1_1_dh37g8sm,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect food product'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. B. The concentration of bromine when measured in water ice. C. A food product with bees or bee substances as a defining ingredient. D. A food product with insects as a defining ingredient.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,insect food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001177 1_1_7cxeuxzn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose kinase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + diphosphate = O-phospho-L-serine + H+ + phosphate. B. Catalysis of the reaction 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose + ATP = 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose-1-phosphate + ADP. C. Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + ATP = alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + 2 H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine = ADP + N-acyl-D-mannosamine 6-phosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose kinase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061594 1_1_hl6injz3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco-containing product'?","A. A product that is made of tobacco or has tobacco as a part and is used by people to take some tobacco constituent into the body. B. A product that is an e-cigarette part and is designed to be placed to the mouth of the user through which to inhale the vapour. C. A product that is manufactured to be part of a cigarette, located at the end that the user puts to the lips, which blocks some smoke particles from entering the mouth during use. D. An artifact that has a product role.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco-containing product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000311 1_1_3iyzairc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''ChemmineR''?","A. This package performs tests for paired high-throughput data. B. ChemMineR is an open source compound mining framework. It contains functions for atom descriptor calculation, structure similarity searching, clustering of compound libraries and various utilities for managing complex compound data. It also offers a wide range of visualization functions for compound clusters and chemical structures. The package is integrated with the online ChemMine environment and allows bidirectional communications between the two services. C. This package deals with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. D. Bioconductor package concerned with analysis of cell-based RNA interference screens",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'ChemmineR',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100063 1_1_7r1y4ars,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete OrderedList'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete OrderedList,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000311 1_1_f18k1ymq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nasion'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull where the midsagittal plane intersects the most posterior point of occipital bone. B. Midline anatomical point of skull at most anterior part of mandible intersecting the midsagittal plane. C. Midline anatomical point of skull in the medial plane of occipital bone farthest from glabella. D. Midline anatomical point of skull which is located at intersection of frontal bone and nasal bones.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Nasion,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264779 1_1_x86yj8j4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of behavior'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050795 1_1_ljx73jk7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Victoria blight severity - Estimation'?","A. Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Victoria blight and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. B. Estimate the calendar date of beginning of flowering using keys and/or charts. C. Estimation of the severity Stagonospora avenae f. sp. avenaria symptoms in a plot using a 0-9 scale: 0= no symptoms, 9= high symptoms. D. Visual assessment of the disease reaction. Infection types are limited to: Resistant (R): chlorotic fleck reaction with no sporulation, Moderately resistant (MR): Very small, non- or low-sporulating pustule surrounded by chlorosis, Moderately susceptible (MS): moderate to large pustule surrounded by extensive chlorosis, and, Susceptible (S): large pustule with little or no chlorosis.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Victoria blight severity - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000635 1_1_yxhvfkg1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033087 1_1_04ojl5uh,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Has_systemic_part relation'?","A. Has_part relation which holds between each anatomical set and any of its elements. B. Has_part relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure in one or more organ systems. C. Has_part relation which generalizes to all specifications of the part relation. D. Has_part relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Has_systemic_part relation,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma80059 1_1_4ixfljwc,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '46,XY sex reversal 1'?","A. A 46 XY sex reversal characterized by an XY karyotype, phenotypically female genitalia and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty including menstruation that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in SRY on chromosome Yp11.2. B. A 46 XY sex reversal characterized by an XY karyotype, phenotypically female genitalia and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty including menstruation that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MAP3K1 gene on chromosome 5q11.2. C. A 46 XY sex reversal characterized by an XY karyotype, phenotypically female genitalia and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty including menstruation that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CBX2 gene on chromosome 17q25.3. D. A 46 XY sex reversal characterized by an XY karyotype, phenotypically female genitalia and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty including menstruation that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NR5A1 gene on chromosome 9q33.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"46,XY sex reversal 1",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111778 1_1_59qa4rn7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'warfare'?","A. Any of various actions which are practiced mainly by psychological methods with the aim of evoking a planned psychological reaction in other people. B. Forms of political violence organized by type. C. A state of armed conflict between states, governments, societies and informal paramilitary groups, such as mercenaries, insurgents and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. D. Common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,warfare,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010912 1_1_yshgf1lj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Skeletal muscle'?","A. Skeletal muscle can refer to either skeletal muscle organ or tissue. B. General anatomical term which refers to a disk of fibrocartilage interposed between articulating bone. C. General anatomical term which refers to ovary or testis. D. General anatomical term which refers to an elongatyed anatomical structure which may be a cell, e.g. muscle fiber; an organ component, e.g. nerve fiber; or an acellular anatomical structure, e.g. collagen fiber",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Skeletal muscle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329248 1_1_4pjuc4hl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'personality disorder'?","A. A disease of mental health that involves the impairment in normal sexual functioning. B. A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. C. A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. D. A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,personality disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1510 1_1_f5nq135k,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'capability to understand language'?","A. A linguistic capability that is realised by processes in which textual concretisations of linguistic expressions are processed and understood. B. A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed expressions in a given language are understood. C. A mental capability that is realised in processes of communication involving language or in expressions of language. D. A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed vocal expressions in a given language are produced.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,capability to understand language,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000051 1_1_1xt1rgzv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Regression model'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Regression model,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000339 1_1_nwwpw6a3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left lung alveolus'?","A. An alveolus that is part of a left lung [Automatically generated definition]. B. Spherical outcropping of the respiratory bronchioles and primary site of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates[WP]. C. An alveolus that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left lung alveolus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004862 1_1_jk2dh26w,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'area of lichen-dominated vegetation'?","A. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. B. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the trees are a mixture between those that lose and retain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. C. Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. D. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,area of lichen-dominated vegetation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000889 1_1_hxc23bhl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pravastatin'?","A. An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. B. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. C. A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. D. A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,pravastatin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63618 1_1_cv9pcf3z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'convergent extension'?","A. The process in which an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. C. The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ. D. The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,convergent extension,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060026 1_1_ebl8nctk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor'?","A. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. B. An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glutamate--ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.2). C. Pheochromocytoma originating from the adrenal medulla. D. An EC 6.3.* (C-N bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any acid-ammonia (or amine) ligase (EC 6.3.1.*).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24319 1_1_nalf3rod,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf Silver content'?","A. The concentration of proteins in the meal. B. The concentration of Nickel in seeds C. The concentration of Silver in leaves D. The concentration of Stigmasterol in seeds",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf Silver content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_348:2100030 1_1_erebp0m2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mine drainage'?","A. The outflow of water from a mine. B. A flowing body of water. C. An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. D. Mine drainage which is formed as a result of the mining of gold.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mine drainage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00001996 1_1_rgys490r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Acute bronchitis'?","A. contagious infection of lower respiratory tract B. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. C. contagious viral infection caused by rhinovirus that causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes D. an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Acute bronchitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000196 1_1_vfsn3uk5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyatomic ion'?","A. A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. B. An anion consisting of more than one atom. C. An ion consisting of more than one atom. D. A molecular entity having a net electric charge.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,polyatomic ion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36358 1_1_ogsou0bh,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was caused by oneself. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. D. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of happiness.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044514 1_1_6mmwgfhj,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'snuff'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of toasted tobacco in a powdered form. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco, mint or cinnamon flavouring are mixed to form pellets. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is finely ground to make it suitable for oral or nasal consumption. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which tobacco is processed into dry fine powder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,snuff,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001001 1_1_fb0l9jmj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation'?","A. A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 2 mesenchyme. B. A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 3 mesenchyme. C. A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 1 mesenchyme. D. A pedal digit metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a pedal digit 5 mesenchyme.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pedal digit 3 metatarsal pre-cartilage condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010549 1_1_pebbitg3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultural imperialism'?","A. The practice of promoting and imposing a culture, usually that of a politically powerful nation, over a less powerful society; in other words, the cultural hegemony of industrialized or politically and economically influential countries which determine general cultural values and standardize civilizations throughout the world. B. An ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas. C. Thoughts of harming oneself. D. The study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cultural imperialism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009274 1_1_pstpzga9,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Paragon'?","A. HardMode achievement describes succeeding in a game on a high difficulty level. An example could be completing the “Doom” game on Nightmare difficulty level. B. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. C. Veteran achievement is an award that is given for accumulating a lot of play hours or game actions. For example, Veteran could be playing thousand hours of World of Tanks or making 100 goals in ice hockey game. D. Paragon is a rare achievement that is given only to limited number of players. An example of Paragon achievement could be the first player to finish a game under 10 hours or the first ten players to complete the game 100% through.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Paragon,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Paragon 1_1_aoaulsv8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geography teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms. C. Teach courses in geography. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"geography teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25106400 1_1_tnxf6k7r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Banded leaf and sheath blight severity'?","A. Banded leaf and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii) severity. B. Pythium stalk rot (Pythium spp.) incidence. C. Plant damage caused by Busseola larvae. D. Fusarium ear rot severity.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Banded leaf and sheath blight severity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000084 1_1_41t8gugh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycosaminoglycan secreting cell'?","A. An extracellular matrix secreting cell that secretes collagen. B. Skeletogenic cell that is terminally differentiated, secretes an avascular, GAG-rich matrix, is embedded in cartilage tissue matrix, retains the ability to divide, and develops from a chondroblast cell. C. A cell that is found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver that is capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components that can contribute to liver fibrosis. This activated state has a myofibroblast-like phenotype, though it's not clear in the literature if this is terminally differentiated. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver. D. A cell that secretes glycosaminoglycans.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,glycosaminoglycan secreting cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000153 1_1_p3gqerbn,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual dexterity'?","A. The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. B. The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. C. The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. D. The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,manual dexterity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000080 1_1_dzw2bd8w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bilambdoid synostosis'?","A. Premature synostosis of only one lambdoid suture. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. C. A kind of craniosynostosis affecting the lambdoidal suture. D. Premature synostosis of both lambdoid sutures.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bilambdoid synostosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011319 1_1_mrn2wj5r,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'food component'?","A. Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. B. A consumption behaviour pattern in which the behaviour is repeated in a session to an extent that is excessive. C. A disposition inhering in an e-cigarette battery. D. A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,food component,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78295 1_1_sebdcbym,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pallister-Hall syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that is characterized by hypothalamic hamartoma, pituitary dysfunction, central polydactyly, and visceral malformations and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant heterozygous mutation in the GLI3 gene on chromosome 7p14. B. A syndrome characterized by predisposition for development of a broad spectrum of malignancies during childhood, including mainly brain, hematological and gastrointestinal cancers that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 on chromosomes 3p22.2, 2p21-p16, 2p16.3, and 7p22.1, respectively. C. A syndrome characterized by severe global developmental delay, early-onset intractable seizures, spasticity, and amelogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in ROGDI on chromosome 16p13.3. D. A syndrome characterized by congenital heart defects, hamartomas of tongue, and polysyndactyly that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the WDPCP gene on chromosome 2p15.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Pallister-Hall syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9248 1_1_7s43zx1j,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Adjacent palm status (type if not isolated)'?","A. Province/state of collection B. If embryo cultivation was used, at which stage and for which purpose? C. Other use D. If the source population is not isolated, are the neighboring palms are of the same type ?",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Adjacent palm status (type if not isolated),https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000578 1_1_c1pnpv0o,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'impulsive behavior'?","A. ""Behavior related to the intake of substances."" [NBOC:GVG] B. ""The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli."" [GO:GO\:0007610] C. ""Behaviour related to cognitive processes."" [NBO:JH] D. ""A behavior that occur quickly without control, planning, or consideration of the consequences of that behavior."" [NBO:GVG]",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,impulsive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000119 1_1_e6bj48hk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence axis node'?","A. A shoot axis node that is part of an inflorescence axis . B. A shoot axis node that is part of a branch . C. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root . D. A shoot axis node that is part of a stem .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence axis node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006325 1_1_38tud7de,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'maxillofacial bone surgical procedure'?","A. Surgical operations on the facial bone. B. Surgical operations on the chin. C. Surgical operations on the maxillofacial bone. D. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the face.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,maxillofacial bone surgical procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010733 1_1_6uj8jz3c,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right atrium'?","A. Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of an atrium. B. Wall of heart which has as its parts the walls of the right and left atria that surrounds its cavities and is attached to the fibrous rings of tricuspid and mitral valves.. C. Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. D. Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right atrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7096 1_1_3zwjkdpv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of basal anterior zone of right ventricle'?","A. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal septal zone, basal lateral zone and mid anterior zone of myocardium of right ventricle. B. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal anterior zone, basal inferior zone and mid lateral zone of myocardium of right ventricle. C. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal septal zone, basal lateral zone and mid inferior zone of myocardium of right ventricle. D. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal anterior zone, basal inferior zone and mid septal zone of myocardium of right ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of basal anterior zone of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma225333 1_1_zh5ud50i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'kretek'?","A. A cigaratte that is flavoured with the compound menthol. B. A cigarette whose parts have been purchased separately and assembled by hand or using a device for single assembly. C. A cigarette made of tobacco and cloves. D. A cigarette that is manufactured in a factory.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,kretek,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000851 1_1_s0kmrf8s,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Exclusive Gateway'?","A. As the name implies, the End Event indicates where a process will end. B. Base element C. A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail. D. Exclusive Gateway",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Exclusive Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#exclusive_gateway 1_1_pcj6i1fv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'labbe'?","A. A moderate to strong southwest wind in Provence (southeastern France), mild, humid, and very cloudy or rainy. On the coast it raises a rough sea. It is not frequent, occurring only in March. In the Swiss? French Alps it is locally termed labech, and is squally with thunder, hail, and brief torrential downpours; it comes mainly in autumn and winter. B. A moderate to gale-force southeasterly wind in the Persian Gulf; it is accompanied by gloomy weather, rain, and squalls. C. A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa. D. Nocturnal cold-air jet flowing out of the mouth of a valley or canyon as it opens onto a plain.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,labbe,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Labbe 1_1_c3m2i04w,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1'?","A. An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. An adhesion G-protein coupled receptor that is a translation product of the human ADGRE1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. A G-protein coupled receptor with a 7 transmembrane (secretin family) domain (Pfam:PF00002) preceded by an amino-terminal region containing one or more functional domains with adhesion-like motifs. D. An adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001813 1_1_lotyeox5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'highly stratified estuary'?","A. An estuary in which mixing by tidal forcing exceeds the force of riverine output, resulting in thorough homogenisation of the estuary's water column and the disappearance of a vertical salinity gradient and the freshwater-seawater boundary. B. An estuary which is located in regions where evaporation greatly exceeds the inflow of fresh water, forming a zone of maximum salinity towards which both riverine and marine water masses flow, before sinking and spreading along the bottom in both seaward and landward directions. C. An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. D. An estuary which is composed primarily of brackish water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,highly stratified estuary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000225 1_1_ivudykqo,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pigmented connective tissue'?","A. Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. B. Loose connective tissue which consists of an irregular network of cells and reticular fibers and is spatially associated with myeloid and lymphoid cells. Examples: stroma of bone marrow, stroma of spleen, stroma of lymph node. C. Loose connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which consists predominantly of mucoid ground substance. Examples: Mucoid tissue of umbilical cord, mucoid tissue of vitreous body, mucoid tissue of nucleus pulposus. D. Loose connective tissue which contains melanocytes. Examples: connective tissue of choroid and lamina fusca of sclera.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pigmented connective tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20112 1_1_p4p10y7a,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Desmocranium'?","A. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is connected to some optic nerve. Examples: There are only two eyeballs, the right and the left eyeballs. B. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which is located in the face. C. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which has its direct parts membranbous bones. D. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which encase the brain.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Desmocranium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76622 1_1_ra02q425,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'neritic mussel bed'?","A. A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in the carbonate system of an ocean. B. A marine faunal bed which is dominated by mussels of the Mytilus or Modiolus genera either 1) resting on the sediment surface, 2) partially embedded in the sediment, 3) attached to conspecifics (by using their byssal threads), or 4) attached to a piece of gravel in slightly gravelly fine sediments. C. A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions beyond (offshore to) a continental shelf. D. A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions that are part of a continental shelf.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,neritic mussel bed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001389 1_1_2djiatyw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion of secretory tissue'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that forms the central axis of a plant structure such as a fruit or moss capsule (sporangium; PO:0025094). B. A portion of plant tissue that is the region in a plant ovule where the integuments and the nucellus join with the funicule . C. A portion of plant tissue that has as parts tmema cells . D. A portion of plant tissue that form specialized structures producing a secretion.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,portion of secretory tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005656 1_1_ff0v9s13,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nerve of thoracic segment'?","A. The concentration of cerium when measured in lake water. B. A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). C. A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. D. A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nerve of thoracic segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003824 1_1_c185dh2f,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'small concretion'?","A. A constituent with irregular distribution and geometry, as in pseudobreccia or patch migmatite. B. Constituent occurs in a structural configuration integral to the rock, such as layering, veinlets, overgrowths. The 'material' composition of these parts will often be other rock materials, not minerals, and 'ParticleGeometryDescription' associated with these describes the geometry of the constituent, not the particles the it is made of. These roles are mostly useful for RockMaterial descriptions that apply to individual samples, because their distribution is unlikely to be pervasive enought to be considered characteristic of a large mass of material. C. Constituent is a clast that has no visible contacts with other clasts. Interpreted to be largely or completly immersed in matrix or cement. D. A hard, compact mass or aggregate of mineral matter, normally subsperical but commonly oblate, disc-shaped or irregular. Formed by precipitation of mineral from solution in the pores of a granular rock, localized around a nucleus or center, to define a discrete, sharply separated object. Size ranges from cm to decimeter for application as a compoundMaterialConstituentPart; larger concretions should be considered GeologicUnit parts.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,small concretion,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/SmallConcretion 1_1_lrwm1r5i,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organochalcogen compound'?","A. A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. B. An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. C. An omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component. D. The 5-diphospho derivative of (R)-mevalonic acid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organochalcogen compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36962 1_1_fxn2okby,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'allergist or immunologist'?","A. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and disease processes affecting the immune system. B. Apply principles and processes of natural ecosystems to develop models for efficient industrial systems. Use knowledge from the physical and social sciences to maximize effective use of natural resources in the production and use of goods and services. Examine societal issues and their relationship with both technical systems and the environment. C. Diagnose and implement individual or schoolwide interventions or strategies to address educational, behavioral, or developmental issues that adversely impact educational functioning in a school. May address student learning and behavioral problems and counsel students or families. May design and implement performance plans, and evaluate performance. May consult with other school-based personnel. D. Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,allergist or immunologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29122901 1_1_5ta24ex2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superiorly positioned umbilicus'?","A. Abnormally prominent umbilicus (belly button). B. Protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall musculature around the umbilicus. Skin and subcutaneous tissue overlie the defect. C. Underdevelopment of the umbilicus. D. The position of the umbilicus (belly button) is abnormally high (superior).",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Superiorly positioned umbilicus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032511 1_1_un4mid8q,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Respiratory system'?","A. Organ system which consists of heart, systemic and pulmonary arterial and trees, and lymphatic and portal venous trees and body substance contained within. B. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its direct parts instances of one or more organ types which are interconnected with one another by zones of continuity. Examples: nervous system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system. C. Organ system which has as direct parts skin and superficial fascia. Examples: There is only one integument. D. Anatomical context: Organ system, each instance of which consists of tubular and cavernous structures related to airflow from some mouth and nose to some lungs and vice-versa. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration (gas exchange).",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Respiratory system,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7158 1_1_54l8wy3d,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of stem cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract). B. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of chondrocytes by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of stem cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000648 1_1_6jnduyc5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seedling hypocotyl'?","A. A portion of parenchyma that is the outer layer of the pith . B. A stem internode below the cotyledonary node and transitional to a root of a plant embryo or a seedling . C. A hypocotyl that is part of a plant embryo axis . D. A hypocotyl that is part of a seedling .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seedling hypocotyl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025291 1_1_u6c8ls4p,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hairdresser, hairstylist, or cosmetologist'?","A. Draw and construct sets of precision master fabric patterns or layouts. May also mark and cut fabrics and apparel. B. Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room. C. Manage wind field operations, including personnel, maintenance activities, financial activities, and planning. D. Provide beauty services, such as cutting, coloring, and styling hair, and massaging and treating scalp. May shampoo hair, apply makeup, dress wigs, remove hair, and provide nail and skincare services.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"hairdresser, hairstylist, or cosmetologist",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39501200 1_1_9ta9yqyp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Large iliac wing'?","A. Widening of the ilium ala, that is of the wing of the ilium, combined with external rotation, leading to a flared appearance of the iliac wing. B. Increased size of the ilium ala. C. A general term that describes a congenital defect in the iliac wing resulting from abnormal development. D. An anomaly of the ilium ala. This is the large expanded portion of the ilum which bounds the greater pelvis laterally.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Large iliac wing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008818 1_1_gcmfikke,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA-templated transcription termination, the process in which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904595 1_1_bxcqigsn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'triadic interaction'?","A. The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals. B. An interaction between two individuals. C. An interaction between three individuals. D. The judgment of the merits and faults of the work or actions of an individual or group by another.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,triadic interaction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000732 1_1_ihlf6fj2,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Colony'?","A. of ants B. of locusts, bees C. of rattlesnakes D. There are more listed on: https://safarisafricana.com/collective-nouns-animals-birds-africa/",A,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Colony,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Colony 1_1_8qdyowpq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'medial temporal lobe'?","A. The medial temporal lobes are near the Sagittal plane that divides left and right cerebral hemispheres and are thought to be involved in episodic, declarative memory. B. The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. C. A monoatomic monocation obtained from sodium. D. A neuron of the hippocampus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,medial temporal lobe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0004477 1_1_9bv5octz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biromantic person'?","A. A person who is asexual and biromantic. B. A person who is panromantic. C. People who feel romantic attraction. D. A person who is biromantic.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,biromantic person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004906 1_1_f0gj6i8d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'villoglandular variant cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma'?","A. A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that is characterized by areas of intestinal type differentiation. B. A cervical adenocarcinoma that derives_from mucin producing epithelial cells. C. A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that is characterized by a dominant pattern of well differentiated, thin and simple papillary structures without broad, fibrovascular cores. D. A cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma that is well differentiated, consisting of an endocervical glandular hyperplasia of lobular architecture resembling glands but with the characteristics of adenocarcinoma.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,villoglandular variant cervical mucinous adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8338 1_1_4y6sai2u,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gambling service worker, all other'?","A. Post information enabling patrons to wager on various races and sporting events. Assist in the operation of games such as keno and bingo. May operate random number-generating equipment and announce the numbers for patrons. Receive, verify, and record patrons' wagers. Scan and process winning tickets presented by patrons and pay out winnings for those wagers. B. Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against players' hands. C. All gambling service workers not listed separately. D. Study the origins, behavior, diseases, genetics, and life processes of animals and wildlife. May specialize in wildlife research and management. May collect and analyze biological data to determine the environmental effects of present and potential use of land and water habitats.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"gambling service worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39301900 1_1_1qip6sg4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'microsporangium tapetum cell'?","A. A tapetum cell that is part of a megasporangium tapetum . B. A microsporangium tapetum cell that is part of the anther wall tapetum . C. A native plant cell that is part of the tapetum . D. A tapetum cell that is part of a microsporangium tapetum .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,microsporangium tapetum cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025544 1_1_4avee8y3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sucking louse'?","A. Any of various public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal. Harm reduction policies are used to manage behaviors such as recreational drug use and sexual activity in numerous settings that range from services through to geographical regions. B. A taxonomic family within the order Psocodea. C. Members of the clade Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insect. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. Lice are vectors of diseases such as typhus. D. Blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They only occur on about 20% of all placentalian mammal species, and are unknown from several orders of mammals (Monotremata, Edentata, Pholidota, Chiroptera, Cetacea, Sirenia, and Proboscidea). They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases. Children appear particularly susceptible to attracting lice, possibly due to their fine hair.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sucking louse,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/30005 1_1_pqb6823n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ventouse delivery'?","A. Delivery of a fetus through surgical incisions made through the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and the uterine wall (hysterotomy). B. Delivery of newborn by means of a ventouse, a vacuum device used to assist the delivery of a baby when the second stage of labor has not progressed adequately. C. A complication of pregnancy and delivery in which the umbilical cord wraps around the fetal neck once or multiple times. D. Shoulder dystocia occurs when the fetal anterior shoulder impacts against the maternal symphysis following delivery of the vertex.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Ventouse delivery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011412 1_1_bkjwmejv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left border of heart viewed radiologically'?","A. Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. Examples: epithelium of proximal renal tubule, pigmented layer of retina, epithelium of lens. B. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has two spatial dimensions. Examples: body surface, epigastrium, precordium, right iliac fossa. C. Border of heart between the posterior and lateral walls of the left ventricle. D. Border of heart, each instance of which is sharp edge between the sternocostal and diaphragmatic surfaces of some heart, formed mainly by some right ventricle and slightly by some left ventricle, near the apex.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left border of heart viewed radiologically,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7172 1_1_6e0b2q17,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Female flower number'?","A. Petiole orientation B. Number of female flowers after the buds appear C. Ease of root cortex removal D. Petiole length",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Female flower number,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000364 1_1_ge6ypkt0,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease processes of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes'?","A. Electrical impulses that cause your heart to beat originate in the upper right chamber of the heart and travel to the lower chambers. In bundle branch block, the pathway that these impulses travel on is delayed or blocked. B. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. C. In atrial fibrillation, the atria beat irregularly. In atrial flutter, the atria beat regularly, but faster than usual and more often than the ventricles D. Diseases of the lymphatic system, a network of tissues and organs.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"disease processes of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000250 1_1_iqfur9v6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042269 1_1_f5ohqjg2,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous histiocytoma'?","A. An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by generalized platyspondyly without significant long bone abnormalities and short stature. B. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in mutations in the COMP gene which results_in short limb dwarfism. C. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by severe dwarfism, dislocated joints, club feet, distinctive facies and dysplastic tubular bones with boomerang-like bowing, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FLNB gene on chromosome 3p14. D. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by pathologic fractures due to abnormal cortical growth and diaphyseal medullary stenosis and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MTAP gene on chromosome 9p21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous histiocytoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080664 1_1_0odkzqxy,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'observation for suspected disease or condition, unspecified'?","A. Patient is thought to have been exposed to the virus in question B. patient kept under observation for suspected disease/condition C. large number of infections of the bowels including: cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, other types of salmonella infections, shigellosis, botulism, gastroenteritis, and amoebiasis among others. D. Patient was exposed to SARS-associated coronavirus",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"observation for suspected disease or condition, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000381 1_1_gs85491g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'partitioning data transformation'?","A. A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. B. A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. C. A partitioning data transformation is a data transformation that has objective partitioning. D. A feature extraction objective is a data transformation objective where the aim of the data transformation is to generate quantified values from a scanned image.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,partitioning data transformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200171 1_1_sp3yyiqf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nut / fruit ratio'?","A. Husk to fruit ratio (% by weight) B. Percentage of oil in dried solid endosperm determinded by soxlet C. Nut to fruit ratio (% by weight) D. Shell to nut ratio (% by weight)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Nut / fruit ratio,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000360 1_1_k9xovi6w,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epithelium of oral mucosa of soft palate'?","A. Transformed artery, each instance of which is a fibrous cord that remains as the obliterated portion of some umbilical artery, extending upward on some abdomen along some urinary bladder, the two then converging in the median plane to reach some umbilicus; each is covered by some parietal peritoneum and produces some medial umbilical fold. B. Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium on the oral side of soft palate. C. Organ segment which is regional part of prostate. Examples: central glandular part of prostate, fibromuscular part of prostate. D. Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Epithelium of oral mucosa of soft palate,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma293440 1_1_0t9ojwsp,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'forced cloud'?","A. A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts. B. Small cumulus clouds that are everywhere negatively buoyant compared to the surrounding environment, but that exist because the inertia of the rising thermals feeding them from underneath is sufficient to penetrate the lifting condensation level (LCL). Morphologically, these are often cumulus humilis clouds and are typically found at the top of the convective boundary layer during daytime over land, when a strong temperature inversion aloft prevents the clouds from growing deeper. Compare active cloud, passive cloud. C. A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of individual, detached elements that are generally dense and posses sharp nonfibrous outlines. D. Constituent is distributed through the material between other constituent particles",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,forced cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/ForcedCloud 1_1_4ywadyu9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nontraumatic compartment syndrome'?","A. a fatigue-induced fracture of the bone caused by repeated stress over time. B. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. C. a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels. This pressure can decrease blood flow, which prevents nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells D. Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Nontraumatic compartment syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000515 1_1_3cc7q0fs,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'brown adipose tissue'?","A. The paranephric body (or paranephric fat or pararenal fat) is collection of adipose tissue located superficial to the renal fascia. The perirenal fat, or adipose capsule of kidney, is deep to the renal fascia but superficial to the renal capsule. B. A thermogenic form of adipose tissue that is composed of brown adipocytes[MP,modified]. C. Adipose tissue which is located throughout skeletal muscle and is responsible for the marbling seen in certain cuts of beef. In humans, excess accumulation of intramuscular fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. D. An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,brown adipose tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001348 1_1_9wa8kpo0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'heteropolycyclic compound'?","A. A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. B. A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. C. A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are not adjacent to each other. D. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,heteropolycyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33671 1_1_xyx0p7zk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'heart right ventricle'?","A. A cardiac ventricle that is in the right side of the heart. B. A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. C. Any chamber of the right side of the heart. D. A cardiac atrium that is in the right side of the heart. It receives deoxygenated blood. In mammals, this comes from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus, and pumps it into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,heart right ventricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002080 1_1_vnbsqoob,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified sepsis'?","A. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. B. disorders of lipoprotein metabolism that lead to atherosclerosis. These abnormalities arise from genetic and secondary factors and are caused by excessive entry of lipoproteins into the bloodstream or an impairment in their removal, or both. C. body does not have enough nutrition to sustain itself D. a serious condition resulting from the presence of harmful microorganisms in the blood or other tissues and the body’s response to their presence, potentially leading to the malfunctioning of various organs, shock, and death.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified sepsis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000549 1_1_hajsv3en,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'gonadotropin secretion'?","A. The regulated release of a hormone into the circulatory system. B. The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. C. The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. D. The regulated release of any steroid that acts as a hormone into the circulatory system.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,gonadotropin secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032274 1_1_b92pgxcx,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH'?","A. CC BY 2.0 UK is a UK-specific non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. B. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. C. CC BY-NC 4.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, use the work for non-commercial purposes, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. D. The CC BY 4.0 license is a Creative Commons license. This is a non-copyleft free license that is good for art and entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. People are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. But they must conform to the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000084 1_1_l2dw8ehm,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'septic shock'?","A. when a patient has lost more than 20% of their blood and he or she enter shock B. patient is traumatized to a point that they cannot send commands to body parts C. severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs when sepsis leads to life-threatening low blood pressure. D. Shock resulting from primary failure of the heart in its pumping function",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,septic shock,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000444 1_1_lotieojl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'anther wall tapetum cell'?","A. A microsporangium tapetum cell that is part of the anther wall tapetum . B. A tapetum cell that is part of a microsporangium tapetum . C. A seedling development stage during which the cotyledon emerges from the seed coat . D. A native plant cell that is part of a plant embryo .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,anther wall tapetum cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025545 1_1_p2pd0ggo,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Event Detail'?","A. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. B. present the attributes common to all Event Details and the specific attributes for the Event Details that have additional attributes. Note that the Cancel and Terminate Event Details do not have additional attributes C. Participant, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Pool, Message, and Web service, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. Flow objects are the main graphical elements to define the behavior of a Business Process. There are three Flow Objects: Events, Activities and Gateways",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Event Detail,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#event_detail 1_1_bap9qxu6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'court order'?","A. The act of putting an end to something by law. Typically used to refer to ending the Atlantic slave trade and slavery in Western Europe and the Americas, but may refer to abolition of various other systems. B. An action taken over the course of or as the result of a legal process. C. An official proclamation by a judge (or panel of judges) that defines the legal relationships between the parties to a hearing, a trial, an appeal or other court proceedings. Such ruling requires or authorizes the carrying out of certain steps by one or more parties to a case. A court order must be signed by a judge; some jurisdictions may also require it to be notarized. D. A court order which states that an individual's legal name should be changed.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,court order,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009238 1_1_m040taal,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'arecatannin a2'?","A. A branched amino octasaccharide derivative that is beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc in which the mannosyl group is substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man group and at position 6 by a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man group. B. a class of condensed tannins in the sub-class procyanidins contained in the seeds of Areca catechu also called betel nut. The arecatannin-type natural products from Ceylonese cassia bark and Areca seed are examples polyphenols by both current definitions, and fit the distinct definition of a polymeric phenol as well. C. A ceramide 1-phosphate(2-) in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexanoyl; major species at pH 7.3. D. oligomeric compounds, formed from catechin and epicatechin molecules. They yield cyanidin when depolymerized under oxidative conditions.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,arecatannin a2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_192503 1_1_mc4trone,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cerebellar neuron development'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell maturation. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of cerebellar neuron development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905080 1_1_9cq09957,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine hadal zone biome'?","A. The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. B. The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. C. A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. D. The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine hadal zone biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000028 1_1_bzdmqykk,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'data scientist'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services. B. Advise and educate individuals or organizations on acquiring and managing debt. May provide guidance in determining the best type of loan and explain loan requirements or restrictions. May help develop debt management plans or student financial aid packages. May advise on credit issues, or provide budget, mortgage, bankruptcy, or student financial aid counseling. C. Develop and implement a set of techniques or analytics applications to transform raw data into meaningful information using data-oriented programming languages and visualization software. Apply data mining, data modeling, natural language processing, and machine learning to extract and analyze information from large structured and unstructured datasets. Visualize, interpret, and report data findings. May create dynamic data reports. D. Promote worksite or product safety by applying knowledge of industrial processes, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws. Includes industrial product safety engineers.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,data scientist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15205100 1_1_qe25eyrz,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Asthma'?","A. A chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, and rapid breathing. An attack may be brought on by pet hair, dust, smoke, pollen, mold, exercise, cold air, or stress. B. Mucoid sputum production characterizes simple chronic bronchitis. Persistent or recurrent purulent sputum production in the absence of localized suppurative disease, such as bronchiectasis, characterizes chronic mucopurulent bronchitis C. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. D. a chronic pulmonary disease that obstructs bloodlflow",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Asthma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000174 1_1_klik34sk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'reproductive shoot system'?","A. A reproductive shoot system that is part of an inflorescence and has as parts a second order inflorescence axis and any shoot axes and flowers that arise from it. B. A short, enlarged shoot system that has as parts a short stem in which the shoot internodes do not elongate, and one or more buds enclosed by fleshy leaves or leaf bases . C. A shoot system in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium . D. A shoot system that develops from an embryo shoot apical meristem .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,reproductive shoot system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025082 1_1_u5abaucb,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legislative Body'?","A. A legislature is a type of (representative) deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. B. A public body or body created by an act of law to serve a public interest C. A legal entity is a natural person or a legal construct through which the law allows a group of natural persons to act as if it were a single composite individual for certain purposes. The most common purposes are lawsuits, property ownership, and contracts. Sometimes referred to as corporate personhood or legal personality, this concept allows for easy conduct of business by having ownership, lawsuits, and agreements under the name of the legal entity instead of the several names of the people making up the entity. A legal entity is not necessarily distinct from the natural persons of which it is composed. Most legal entities are simply amalgamations of the persons that make it up for convenience's sake. A legal entity that does have a separate existence from its members is called a company or corporation. This distinction gives the corporation its unique perpetual succession privilege and is usually also the source of the limited liability of corporate members. Some other legal entities also enjoy limited liability of members, but not on account of separate existence (Source: Wikipedia.org) D. A public act that attributes a power to perform a public act to a public body.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Legislative Body,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Legislative_Body 1_1_lofoqbhu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male pornographic comic'?","A. A comic publication related to gay men, gay male subjects, and/or gay male culture. B. A pornographic comic related to gay men, gay male subjects, and/or gay male culture. C. Medical procedures performed for the purposes of castration or otherwise causing castration. D. A pornographic comic related to LGBTQIA+ persons, subjects, and/or culture.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male pornographic comic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008353 1_1_5xajxyqv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Other interstitial pulmonary diseases'?","A. Interstitial pneumonia, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis B. respiratory diseases affecting the interstitum, a fluid-filled space between a structural barrier (ie cell wall, skin) and internal structures (ie organs, muscles). C. extravascular accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary tissue and air sacs D. extravascular accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary tissue and air sacs",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Other interstitial pulmonary diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000205 1_1_r86mm2y2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a gluconate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-lysine import into cell.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of L-arginine import across plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905541 1_1_jyalm855,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'kiwam'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fine leaf tobacco dust is mixed with molasses, red soil, lime, and water to form a tobacco-based paste. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dark coloured Mapacho tobacco, inner bark of Mocambo tree and cacahuilo tree are mixed to form an extremely fine dust. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which sun-dried, fermented, then ground and aged tobacco leaves are mixed with a solution of baking soda and water to create a moist form that can be rolled into a ball (called a saffa). D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled tobacco leaves (minus stalks, stems and veins) are soaked in water, then flavoured with powdered spices (e.g., saffron, cardamom, aniseed) and additives such as musk and then prepared into a thick paste that may also be formed into granules or pellets.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,kiwam,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000978 1_1_9nm0qj71,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'elemental cadmium'?","A. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine through the skin by use of an adhesive patch. B. An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. C. A pharmaceutical that contains some cannabinoid. D. A nicotine replacement therapy user who has been using NRT products for one year or more.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,elemental cadmium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37249 1_1_8b35weok,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonspecific elevation of levels of transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase'?","A. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease B. a deviation from normal walking (gait) C. could be a sign of bowel cancer D. high LDH levels indicate tissue damage.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nonspecific elevation of levels of transaminase and lactic acid dehydrogenase,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000421 1_1_hxqkzcx3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea'?","A. Any deviation from the normal range of a protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. B. An increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the subarachnoid space. C. The presence of red blood cells (RBCs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF normally does not contain RBCs (erythrocytes). D. Drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. This can occur when there is a fistula between the dura and the skull base and discharge of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030998 1_1_sz5hvv0b,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mulled cigarette smoker'?","A. A cannabis user who vapes cannabis. B. A cannabis user who users medicinal cannabis. C. A daily cannabis user who smokers cannabis daily. D. A cannabis smoker who smokes mulled cigarettes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mulled cigarette smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000910 1_1_6v2q21xl,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'social pleasure'?","A. A complex emotion that consists of the experience of pleasure as caused by the misfortune of others. B. Pleasure derived from social contact. [Source: OCEAS] C. Pleasure that is experienced as a result of sexual activities. D. Pleasure in smell, touch, sight, sound and taste. [Source: OCEAS]",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,social pleasure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000038 1_1_ilgxxfv4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a type 2 immune response. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 cell differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045628 1_1_4m899jf1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery for Alzheimer disease'?","A. A screening examination that assesses cognition in a brief but quantitative fashion, uses independent tests to evaluate functioning within five major cognitive ability areas: language, constructions, memory, calculations, and reasoning. B. Measures basic skills in reading, arithmetic, and spelling. It is a screening test that can be administered to determine if a more comprehensive achievement test is needed. C. A short screening test that evaluates language skills and it consists of Semantic verbal Fluency Tests (SFT) and Categorical verbal Fluency Tests (CFT). D. A tool to assess cognitive functions in diverse neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as dementia, schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's Disease.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery for Alzheimer disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000075 1_1_woqhlv7g,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'late wood'?","A. A portion of secondary xylem that is a part of a growth ring formed during the later part of a growing season, has higher density than early wood of the same growth ring, and has as parts late wood tracheary elements with generally smaller lumens than the early wood tracheary elements of the same growth ring. B. A portion of xylem tissue that develops from a vascular cambium . C. A portion of secondary xylem that includes the last-formed late wood of one growth ring and the earliest-formed early wood of the next growth ring. D. A portion of secondary xylem that is a part of a growth ring formed during the early part of a growing season, has lower density than late wood of the same growth ring, and has as parts early wood tracheary elements with generally larger lumens than the late wood tracheary elements of the same growth ring.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,late wood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004516 1_1_jo2xjs2d,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'male-male friendship'?","A. A friendship between a man and a woman. B. A relationship of mutual affection between two men which includes a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an association. C. A relationship of mutual affection between people which includes a stronger form of interpersonal bond than an association. D. A non-romantic and non-sexual relationship between persons of the same gender.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,male-male friendship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000860 1_1_p7fmzpcg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chest pain'?","A. pain in the chest not caused by heart disease or heart attack B. a disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the head C. stomach pain or a stomachache D. pain that lasts from 3-6 months related to soft tissue",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chest pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000448 1_1_fypmlmot,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'industrial machinery mechanic'?","A. Repair and adjust cameras and photographic equipment, including commercial video and motion picture camera equipment. B. Perform therapeutic massages of soft tissues and joints. May assist in the assessment of range of motion and muscle strength, or propose client therapy plans. C. Assist nuclear physicists, nuclear engineers, or other scientists in laboratory, power generation, or electricity production activities. May operate, maintain, or provide quality control for nuclear testing and research equipment. May monitor radiation. D. Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and processing machinery or refinery and pipeline distribution systems. May also install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to plans.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,industrial machinery mechanic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49904100 1_1_06hqm0p2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'athlete or sports competitor'?","A. Perform precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing, or grinding of metal objects. B. Shampoo and rinse customers' hair. C. Compete in athletic events. D. Supervise and coordinate the activities of ground crew in the loading, unloading, securing, and staging of aircraft cargo or baggage. May determine the quantity and orientation of cargo and compute aircraft center of gravity. May accompany aircraft as member of flight crew and monitor and handle cargo in flight, and assist and brief passengers on safety and emergency procedures. Includes loadmasters.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,athlete or sports competitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27202100 1_1_t8h01dlu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycinergic amacrine cell'?","A. An amicrine that has a wide dendritic field. B. An amacrine cell that uses glycine as a neurotransmitter. C. A broadly stratifying amacrine cell that has a small dendritic field and post-synaptic terminals in S2 and S3. This cell type releases the neurotransmitter glycine. D. A flag amacrine cell with post-synaptic terminals in S2 and S3. This cell type releases the neurotransmitter glycine.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,glycinergic amacrine cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4030028 1_1_epftypus,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems. B. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. C. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathologic lymph node stage for colon and rectum according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002270 1_1_r6w36wzd,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Joining'?","A. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor. The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of rights. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of ownership 2. the end of ownership 3. the transfer of ownership 4. the acquisition from an unknown source 5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example, by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of “accession” differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming an employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family, and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E85 Joining,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E85_Joining 1_1_9j2oak6y,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'DrivingSim'?","A. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico B. Games that use freely explorable levels -without the limit of invisible walls- which can be completed in different ways and with an emphasis on creative possibilities C. Vehicle driving simulator D. Dating and/or mating simulator",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,DrivingSim,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#DrivingSim 1_1_5j5thej0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'C-type lectin domain family 4 member K (human)'?","A. A CD34 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,C-type lectin domain family 4 member K (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q9UJ71 1_1_cz7w88yl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anal canal'?","A. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is continuous proximally with some rectum and distally terminates with some anus. B. Cavitated organ in which its unshared parts surround one continuous anatomical space. C. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is proximally continuous with some right ureter and left ureter; distally continuous with some urethra. D. The female muscular organ of gestation in which the developing embryo or fetus is nourished until birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anal canal,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15703 1_1_5xz58h9l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'molding, coremaking, or casting machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic'?","A. Help roofers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. B. Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products. C. Stand watch to look for obstructions in path of vessel, measure water depth, turn wheel on bridge, or use emergency equipment as directed by captain, mate, or pilot. Break out, rig, overhaul, and store cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging, and running gear. Perform a variety of maintenance tasks to preserve the painted surface of the ship and to maintain line and ship equipment. Must hold government-issued certification and tankerman certification when working aboard liquid-carrying vessels. Includes able seamen and ordinary seamen. D. Sew, join, reinforce, or finish, usually with needle and thread, a variety of manufactured items. Includes weavers and stitchers.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"molding, coremaking, or casting machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51407200 1_1_wef399nw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroglobulin'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human PTPRC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains. Contains 1 to 3 copies of the Fibronectin type III domain (Pfam:PF00041) followed by two copies of the Protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Pfam:PF00102) domain. Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (CD45) regulates signal transduction and lymphocyte activation by specific association with receptor molecules on T and B cells. Multiple isoforms of CD45 (180-235 kDa) can be generated asa result of alternative splicing of three variable exons 4(A), 5(B) and 6(C), encoding sequences at the N-terminal extracellular domain of the molecule. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human TG gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human CD33 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human IGLL1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,thyroglobulin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000016283 1_1_tlubi40f,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visceral serous pericardium of left inferior pulmonary vein'?","A. Visceral serous pericardium of inferior pulmonary vein which is attached to the right inferior pulmonary vein. B. Visceral serous pericardium of inferior pulmonary vein which is attached to the left inferior pulmonary vein. C. Trunk of lymphatic tree organ part, each instance of which is a trunk that drain some axillary lymphatic chains (lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels); the one on the right drains into some right lymphatic duct or subclavian vein, and the one on the left drains into some thoracic duct or subclavian vein. D. Visceral serous pericardium of pulmonary vein which is continuous posteroinferiorly with the epicardium of left atrium and is attached to the inferior pulmonary vein.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Visceral serous pericardium of left inferior pulmonary vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84889 1_1_y40oocmd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'crematory operator'?","A. Prepare bodies for interment in conformity with legal requirements. B. Perform precision assembling or adjusting, within narrow tolerances, of timing devices such as digital clocks or timing devices with electrical or electronic components. C. Operate crematory equipment to reduce human or animal remains to bone fragments in accordance with state and local regulations. Duties may include preparing the body for cremation and performing general maintenance on crematory equipment. May use traditional flame-based cremation, calcination, or alkaline hydrolysis. D. Set up or operate a variety of drills to remove underground oil and gas, or remove core samples for testing during oil and gas exploration.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,crematory operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39401200 1_1_dr9g3qlt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of steroid hormone secretion. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000830 1_1_97c02s4b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cross-gender acting'?","A. A role-playing activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode. B. Cross-gender acting refers typically to an actor portraying a gender ""opposite"" of their own, or generally to an actor portraying any gender other than their own. C. 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy using finasteride. D. Voluntary associations of people who share a common desire to overcome drug addiction.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cross-gender acting,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008791 1_1_6n20mt10,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tetrarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has more than five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has four protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has only one protoxylem strand or pole, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest element (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tetrarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025561 1_1_8zr923rt,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary treatment'?","A. In wastewater treatment, a combination of step processes, usually biochemical in nature, that are designed to remove primarily organic material. Examples of process steps are aeration and trickling filters. B. The removal of atmospheric gases or particles through their incorporation into hydrometeors, which are then lost by precipitation. C. In wastewater treatment, a combination of step processes, usually physical in nature, that are designed to remove floating and settleable solids. Examples of process steps are screening and sedimentation. D. Post-secondary treatment of wastewater designed to improve the quality of the water to the point where it can be put to a particular beneficial use. Generally, tertiary treatment steps remove nutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) which are poorly removed by secondary treatment. Commonly used steps include coagulation and clarification.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,primary treatment,http://sweetontology.net/humanEnvirControl/PrimaryTreatment 1_1_smgvkti2,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sporangium wall'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is composed of the outer layers of a sporangium and bounds the archesporium or plant spores . B. A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure that is a proper part of a plant organ and includes portions of plant tissue of at least two different types. C. A cardinal organ part that is the basal (distal) part of a sporangium. D. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a laminar portion of a leaf sheath and the area immediately internally adjacent to it.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sporangium wall,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025306 1_1_2hctokzo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pinna'?","A. Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. B. The part of the ear that projects from the head, connecting to the external acoustic meatus. C. A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. D. Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO].",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pinna,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001757 1_1_f2wgz863,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor'?","A. An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*). B. An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). C. A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. D. A chromatography method where the stationary bed is within a tube (of standard length 25 cm). The particles of the solid stationary phase or support coated with a liquid stationary phase may fill the whole inside volume of the tube (packed column) or be concentrated on or along the inside tube wall leaving an open, unrestricted path for the mobile phase in the middle part of the tube (open-tubular column).",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76725 1_1_pq2nw2kj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'potter, manufacturing'?","A. Set up, maintain, and dismantle light fixtures, lighting control devices, and the associated lighting electrical and rigging equipment used for photography, television, film, video, and live productions. May focus or operate light fixtures, or attach color filters or other lighting accessories. B. Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in the development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, document the progress of treatment, and modify specific treatments in accordance with patient status and within the scope of treatment plans established by a physical therapist. Generally requires formal training. C. Generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose calculations, communicate and supervise the treatment plan implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team. D. Operate production machines such as pug mill, jigger machine, or potter's wheel to process clay in manufacture of ceramic, pottery and stoneware products.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"potter, manufacturing",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919505 1_1_4yqebmjn,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Property'?","A. Property, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Process and common activity attributes, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. Intermediate Events occur between a Start Event and an End Event. It will affect the flow of the process, but will not start or (directly) terminate the process. C. There are three ways of connecting the Flow Objects to each other or other information. There are three Connecting Objects: Sequence Flow, Message Flow, and Association D. Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce.",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Property,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#property 1_1_rl3gx4du,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed beryllium content - Measurement'?","A. Weight of the shelled seed after harvest B. Measure pod width and record it. Usually recorded within two months after harvest, average width of 10 pods. C. Acid digested samples, detected by Ion Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) D. Acid digested samples, detected by Ion Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS)",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed beryllium content - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000372 1_1_ogds7x5a,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'male courtship behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. B. The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. C. The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. D. Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,male courtship behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008049 1_1_rqjhi39l,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'carapace scute'?","A. A scute that is part of a carapace. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation. C. Osteoderm found on the dorsal surface of an organisms. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,carapace scute,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011674 1_1_ghhl56aq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete candidal endocarditis'?","A. An acute asthma that is characterized by an acute episode with a progressive severity that is poorly responsive to standard therapeutic measures, regardless of disease severity or phenotypic variant. B. A Joubert syndrome characterized by severe mental retardation, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and molar tooth sign on brain imaging, hypotonia, abnormal breathing pattern in infancy, and dysmorphic facial features that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TMEM237 gene on chromosome 2q33. C. A candidiasis that results_in inflammation located_in endocardium, has_material_basis_in Candida, which favors previously damaged or prosthetic heart valves. The source is often an intravascular catheter or contaminated equipment used for illicit intravenous drug injection. The illness has_symptom fever, has_symptom murmur, has_symptom congestive heart failure, has_symptom anemia, and has_symptom splenomegaly. D. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by de novo RUNX1 gene mutation, not associated with myelodysplastic syndrome-related cytogenetic abnormalities.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete candidal endocarditis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13526 1_1_xub6d038,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyneuropathy, unspecified'?","A. A disorder affecting the cranial nerves or the peripheral nervous system. B. Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma). C. A disorder characterized by lack of coordination of muscle movements D. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"polyneuropathy, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000596 1_1_g06kma2i,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'ear spikelet pair meristem'?","A. An inflorescence axillary meristem that gives rise to a higher order inflorescence axis of an ear inflorescence . B. The meristem present on short tassel branch that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems in a maize tassel. C. The meristem that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems. D. An ear inflorescence axillary meristem that produces two ear spikelet meristems , each of which produces two flower meristems in an ear inflorescence .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,ear spikelet pair meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006360 1_1_50f4jx1e,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right posterior cusp of aortic valve'?","A. Cusp of aortic valve which is adjacent to the origin of the ostium of the left coronary artery and is attached to the left fibrous trigone of heart. B. Cusp of aortic valve which is adjacent to the origin of the ostium of the right coronary artery. C. Cusp of cardiac valve which is attached to the semilunar fibrous scallop of aortic valve anulus. D. Cusp of aortic valve which is attached to the membranous part of the interventricular septum, the atrioventricular septum and the right fibrous trigone of the heart.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right posterior cusp of aortic valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7252 1_1_dv9192jk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mackerel gale'?","A. Same as a mackerel breeze B. (Also called mackerel gale.) A wind that ruffles the water, favoring the catching of mackerel. C. A fresh westerly wind of oceanic origin in Morocco. D. An Italian name for the northeast wind. It was given by Roman sailors to the northeast wind in the Gulf of Lions because it came from the direction of the Greek colony of Marsala (Marseilles). Wind names of similar origin are common in the western Mediterranean, for example, gregale.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mackerel gale,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MackerelGale 1_1_9uy5ap1x,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'postprocedural hypothyroidism'?","A. heart muscle's pump function is reduced following heart surgery B. Development of hypothyroidism (when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of crucial hormones) following surgery C. Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound. D. complication occurs during procedure",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,postprocedural hypothyroidism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000479 1_1_8k4p07x1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol withdrawal syndrome'?","A. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of nicotine consumption. B. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of consumption of an opioid drug. C. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of cannabis consumption. D. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol withdrawal syndrome,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001383 1_1_c0wobbje,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'oviduct secretory cell'?","A. A pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell. This cuboidal cell is thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli. B. An epithelial cell that is part of the endometrial luminal epithelium, forming a continuous layer lining the uterine cavity. This cell undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle, proliferating under estrogen in the proliferative phase, and differentiating under progesterone in the secretory phase to prepare for potential implantation. During the window of implantation, this cell changes from a tall columnar shape to a shorter columnar or cuboidal form, loses polarity, and becomes receptive to blastocyst implantation. C. Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell. D. Glandular cell of oviduct epithelium. Example: peg cells, ciliated cells.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,oviduct secretory cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1001591 1_1_exvplpj6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'female nudity'?","A. The state of being nude. B. Nudity as it socially applies to the female body. C. Nudity as it socially applies to the male body. D. Nudity of the parents in a family unit.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,female nudity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004011 1_1_fmrse96z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate metabolic process.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of glutamate metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000213 1_1_8jko8ikf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuwasawits'?","A. A Gros Ventre person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. An Ojibwe or Manitoba Saulteaux person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Southern Ute person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. An Illinois person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,tuwasawits,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002135 1_1_2ue6s4oi,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'health and social care facility'?","A. An architectural structure that bears some function. B. A facility that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population. C. A facility that has at least one housing unit as part in which a person or persons live D. A facility that provides housing, health care and social care.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,health and social care facility,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001152 1_1_0bxwtb7o,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'refractory materials repairer, except brickmason'?","A. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. B. Provide personal items to patrons or customers in locker rooms, dressing rooms, or coatrooms. C. Build or repair equipment such as furnaces, kilns, cupolas, boilers, converters, ladles, soaking pits, and ovens, using refractory materials. D. Schedule and dispatch workers, work crews, equipment, or service vehicles for conveyance of materials, freight, or passengers, or for normal installation, service, or emergency repairs rendered outside the place of business. Duties may include using radio, telephone, or computer to transmit assignments and compiling statistics and reports on work progress.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"refractory materials repairer, except brickmason",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49904500 1_1_bpvj1u1u,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tertiary alcohol'?","A. A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. B. A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. C. An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. D. A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tertiary alcohol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26878 1_1_1xag301s,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear engineer'?","A. Design digital user interfaces or websites. Develop and test layouts, interfaces, functionality, and navigation menus to ensure compatibility and usability across browsers or devices. May use web framework applications as well as client-side code and processes. May evaluate web design following web and accessibility standards, and may analyze web use metrics and optimize websites for marketability and search engine ranking. May design and test interfaces that facilitate the human-computer interaction and maximize the usability of digital devices, websites, and software with a focus on aesthetics and design. May create graphics used in websites and manage website content and links. B. Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry. C. Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. D. Design or analyze operational solutions for projects such as transportation optimization, network modeling, process and methods analysis, cost containment, capacity enhancement, routing and shipment optimization, or information management.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,nuclear engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17216100 1_1_6tq07yfl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'aspergillusene A'?","A. A sesquiterpenoid that is phenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 5 and a (2E)-6-methylhept-2-en-2-yl group at position 2. An Aspergillus metabolite isolated from the sea fan derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii. B. A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 16. C. A member of the class of chromones that is chromone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a methoxy group at position 7 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Pisonia aculeata. D. An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-trien-20-al substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12. It has been isolated from the stem bark of Fraxinus sieboldiana.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,aspergillusene A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68218 1_1_ou9407j3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bare area of liver'?","A. An anatomical boundary that corresponds to some physical discontinuity. B. A large triangular surface of the liver devoid of peritoneal covering. C. Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. D. Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bare area of liver,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001149 1_1_5alffcow,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypoplastic aortic arch'?","A. Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta. B. An anomaly of the arch of aorta. C. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the isthmus (arch between the left subclavian and insertion of the patent ductus arteriosus/ligamentum arteriosum) has a diameter of less than 40% of the diameter of the ascending aorta. D. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the proximal aortic arch (arch proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery) has a diameter of less than 60% of the diameter of the ascending aorta.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypoplastic aortic arch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012304 1_1_vjt1f1io,"In the ontology of Pizza, which of the following definitions best describes 'ClosedPizza'?","A. Pizzas that could be extended - they have the given toppings, but could also have other, unspecified toppings B. The MaterialStates should be disjoint, but this has been left out - see LiquidSolidIceCream C. Pizzas that have been closed to limit what toppings they can have D. A class that uses a functional property (hasMaterialState) twice. This is not inconsistent unless MaterialStates have been declared disjoint",C,1_1,food_agriculture/pizza_ontology,ClosedPizza,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/pizza#ClosedPizza 1_1_kvjq8fiy,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'written communication'?","A. A spoken communication process is a linguistic communication process that: (a) involves as participant at least two linguistically capable organisms; (b) one of whom produces an utterance that is well-formed in a given spoken language; (c) the other of whom perceives and understands that utterance by virtue of their recognition of the meaning of the utterance through their knowledge of the language. B. A linguistic communication process is a communication process in which the information that is communicated is encoded in language. C. A written communication process is an interpersonal process that: (a) involves as participant at least two organisms, (b) one of whom produces a message in writing that is well-formed in a given language; (c) the other of whom reads the message and understands it. D. A linguistic communication in which the meaning units are encoded in a sign language.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,written communication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000085 1_1_2knaombx,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis endodermis'?","A. A portion of endodermis that is part of an plant embryo . B. A portion of endodermis that is part of a hypocotyl . C. A portion of endodermis that is part of a root cortex. D. A portion of endodermis that is part of a shoot axis cortex .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis endodermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005058 1_1_k7a72j7o,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide(3-)'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function of the alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl residue. B. An anionic ganglioside in which the oligosaccharide portion is composed of a trisaccharide, to which one sialic acid residue is attached. C. An anionic ganglioside that is the conjugate base of alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide arising from deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. An anionic ganglioside obtained by deprotonation of the neuraminosyl carboxy groups of alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide(3-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_79216 1_1_8w5o50jo,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate'?","A. A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol. B. A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-methylbutyric acid with ethanol. It is a constituent of the aroma of wines, strawberries, blueberries, and apples. C. A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. D. A fatty acid ethyl ester of 2-hexenoic acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4896 1_1_a5r7wasm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome'?","A. A adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles (myoclonus) early in the morning with onset between 12 and 18 years. B. An adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome starting in adolescence exhibiting generalized tonic-clonic seizures as the only seizure type. C. An electroclinical syndrome with onset in adolescence and adulthood. D. An adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome characterized by adult-onset cortical myoclonus typically first seen as tremulous finger movements and myoclonus of the extremities.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,adolescence-adult electroclinical syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050705 1_1_lnzdpliy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Rtreemix'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Rtreemix,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000369 1_1_ualquoo3,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'In force'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:MediaTypeTable. B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept either in concept scheme eli:AdministrativeAreaTable or in concept scheme https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/atu (Administrative Territorial Unit table published of the EU Publications Office). D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:InForceTable",D,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,In force,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#InForce 1_1_91hplssu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 77'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by extreme oligozoospermia or azoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FKBP6 gene on chromosome 7q11.23. B. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by azoospermia resulting from meiotic arrest at prophase I that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the XRCC2 gene on chromosome 7q36.1. C. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of nonobstructive azoospermia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the TEX14 gene on chromosome 17q23. D. A spermatogenic failure characterized by asthenoteratozoospermia with multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the CFAP47 gene on chromosome Xp21.1.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 77,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070576 1_1_8rvs8qlk,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylcholine'?","A. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. B. A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. C. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. D. A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,phosphatidylcholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64482 1_1_m2bdzk2p,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'interlobulary artery endothelial cell'?","A. Any endothelial cell of vascular tree that is part of some pulmonary artery. B. Any endothelial cell of artery that is part of a coronary artery. C. Any kidney cortex artery cell that is part of some interlobular artery. D. Any endothelial cell that is part of some interlobular artery.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,interlobulary artery endothelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1001216 1_1_1c47pqjg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pathological fracture, unspecified tibia and fibula, sequela'?","A. a broken bone that's caused by a disease, rather than an injury. B. a broken bone that's caused by a disease, rather than an injury. C. ICDO: International Classification of Diseases Ontology D. a broken bone that's caused by a disease, rather than an injury.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Pathological fracture, unspecified tibia and fibula, sequela",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000032 1_1_oxdtd2y5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular leaf expansion stage'?","A. A vascular leaf expansion stage during which a rapid elongation of the leaf lamina occurs. B. A leaf development stage that occurs during the interval between the onset of the vascular leaf initiation stage and the termination of the vascular leaf senescent stage . C. A vascular leaf development stage that begins when the vascular leaf is fully expanded and ends with the onset of the vascular leaf senescence stage . D. A vascular leaf development stage during which vascular leaf size increases primarily through cell expansion.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular leaf expansion stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001052 1_1_awdkp8n6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling'?","A. A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic recombination checkpoint signaling. B. A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling. C. A process that acts directly to delay or stop progression through the cell cycle in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling; contributes to a meiotic cell cycle checkpoint. D. A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,response to meiotic DNA replication checkpoint signaling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072441 1_1_28jscea6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pluton'?","A. A pluton is an intrusive igneous rock body that crystallized from a magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Plutons include batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, and other igneous bodies. In practice, ‘pluton’ usually refers to a distinctive mass of igneous rock, typically kilometers in dimension, without a tabular shape like those of dikes and sills. Batholiths commonly are aggregations of plutons. The most common rock types in plutons are granite, granodiorite, tonalite, and quartz diorite. [Wikipedia] B. Beneath the surface magma tends to cool slowly which allows for the growth of large crystals within the rock. Rocks formed in this way are intrusive or plutonic rocks. [Wikipedia] C. The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic spectrum (usually just spectrum) of an object is the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation from that object. D. Anorogenic granites are formed above volcanic ‘hot spot’ activity and have peculiar mineralogy and geochemistry. These granites are formed by melting of the lower crust under conditions that are usually extremely dry. The rhyolites of the Yellowstone caldera are examples of volcanic equivalents of A-type granite. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pluton,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Pluton 1_1_xcdbkswc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'measurement datum'?","A. A data item describing how often a person has engaged in a binge drinking session within the past 30 days. B. A data item that is about human age and is expressed in years rounded down. C. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. D. A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,measurement datum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109 1_1_elrjkgxj,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior lateral line neuromast deposition'?","A. A process in which force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control. B. The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line. C. The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line. D. The process in which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,posterior lateral line neuromast deposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048922 1_1_e8xe9ege,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904343 1_1_lxefd337,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cleistothecium development'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cleistothecium development, a process that leads to the formation of a cleistothecium. The cleistothecium is a closed sexual fruiting body that contains ascospores in linear asci, characteristic of some filamentous Ascomycete fungi such as members of the genera Aspergillus and Emericella.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of cleistothecium development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070797 1_1_020r1qqt,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Harmonized contract'?","A. Class to describe the contract not divided into lots. B. Class describing the multiannual contracts (i.e. contract whose duration extends over more than one financial year). C. Class describing contracts whose object is the acquisition of supplies. D. Class to describe harmonized contracts (i.e. contracts that reachs the threshold to be treated as highlighted in the procurement Directives of the European Commision and European Council).",D,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Harmonized contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#HarmonizedContract 1_1_lkbympq9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petiole lamina'?","A. A phyllome lamina that is the part of a leaf exclusive of the petiole or leaf sheath , if either is present. B. A primordium that is committed to the development of a floral organ and is part of a reproductive shoot apex . C. A lamina that is part of a petiole . D. A plant organ lamina that is part of a phyllome .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petiole lamina,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025129 1_1_ea0nmi63,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fact'?","A. An observation is the role played by some proposition believed to be true or false through observation of an agent. B. A fact is a proposition (about something) which is (commonly) agreed upon to hold as true: it has some backing in evidence C. Observation and/or statement, used as a backing for a belief. Evidence is the role of observation which is qualified by some belief. D. proposes something that usually is the case, although there is no specific evidence that it is true in this particular case",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Fact,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Fact 1_1_75gr70me,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'proplyd'?","A. A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. B. A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. C. An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. D. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide cardiac patient care.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,proplyd,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001151 1_1_cm40m0yt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'fallopian tube smooth muscle cell'?","A. A smooth muscle cell that is part of a placenta. B. A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature. C. A smooth muscle cell that is part of the fallopian tube. This cell is responsible for peristaltic contractions that facilitate gamete and embryo transport, fluid mixing, and embryo admission to the uterus. D. A smooth muscle cell of the bladder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,fallopian tube smooth muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4052022 1_1_1zb3urer,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'moderate protein-calorie malnutrition'?","A. Anemia (a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues) in patients with neoplasm (tumors) B. high blood sugar because body cannot break down the sugar being taken in C. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body. D. an energy deficit due to chronic deficiency of all macronutrients",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,moderate protein-calorie malnutrition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000475 1_1_fmrju3bh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1-(alpha-D-galactosyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxy-11-phenylundecan-2-yl]hexacosanamide'?","A. An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 7-phenylhexyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules. B. An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 2-phenylethyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules. C. A galactosylceramide in which the galactosyl residue has alpha anomeric conofiguration. D. An alpha-galactosylceramide in which the nitrogen carries a hexacosanamido group and C-4 carries in addition to a hydroxy function a 4-phenylbutyl group. Essentially a phytosphingosine analogue with a truncated lipid chain terminating in a benzene ring, it has been used in investigations on the binding affinity of glycolipids to CD1d molecules.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1-(alpha-D-galactosyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxy-11-phenylundecan-2-yl]hexacosanamide",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139221 1_1_6sa22mwz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leptome'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the outermost layer of endosperm in a seed , its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies . B. A portion of plant tissue that is the abaxial/lower portion of the nucellus overlying vascular strands in a caryopsis fruit . C. Any portion of plant tissue other than epidermis or vascular tissue . D. A portion of plant tissue that has as parts leptoid cells and cells of no other types.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leptome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030048 1_1_1c0hxnmn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male Neopagan'?","A. A gay man who is a Neopagan. B. A gay person who is a Neopagan. C. A lesbian who is a Neopagan. D. One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male Neopagan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012378 1_1_i5yoizwv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cytosol'?","A. A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. B. Ramification of basket cell axon surrounding cell bodies, forming the characteristic pericellular baskets from which the cell class derives its name. C. The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. D. The outermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cytosol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005829 1_1_w7jx0rgh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Californian street'?","A. A brief description given for purposes of identification; an identifying or descriptive marker that is attached to an object. B. A street in the United States. C. A street in California. D. A street in San Francisco.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Californian street,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008478 1_1_b9znluf2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right side of maxillary alveolar arch'?","A. Maxillary alveolar arch B. Cell region demarcated by one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: cell body of neuron, flagellum, nerve fiber. C. Hollow tree, the organ parts of which are arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels and its lumen contains either blood or lymph. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), portal venous tree (organ), thoracic duct tree. D. Tributary of cavernouc sinus, each instance of which is a vein that begins at the medial angle of some eye, where it communicates with some frontal, supraorbital, and angular veins; it follows the distribution of some ophthalmic artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right side of maxillary alveolar arch,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma313929 1_1_o2h40e41,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of hormone levels'?","A. Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. D. The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of hormone levels,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010817 1_1_thguf6uo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.97 flag leaf visible stage'?","A. The stage at which twelve nodes or twelve internodes are visible. B. The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible. C. The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible. D. The stage at which the flag leaf is visible.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.97 flag leaf visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007099 1_1_rc0ttnx0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Name of farm or institute'?","A. Report language used for Local/vernacular name or ethnic group B. Use international cultivar abbreviation (eg given by ICCNL. In case of new cultivar, propose a new name as candidate. C. Provide name of farm or institute where the accession is planted D. Specify the age, in years, of the population (age of the oldest palms if mixed)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Name of farm or institute,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000022 1_1_qafmnv09,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ureter urothelium development'?","A. The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urothelium of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urothelium is an epithelium that makes up the epithelial tube of the ureter.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ureter urothelium development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072190 1_1_tgzof62v,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pilot trial'?","A. A role that inheres in money by virtue of it being acquired by an economic agent for providing a good or service or as a levy. B. A feasibility study that involves a smaller-scale version or part of the intervention or study whose feasibility is being assessed. C. A pilot study in which what is being piloted is a trial that evaluates an intervention. D. A pilot trial in which a controlled trial is being piloted.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pilot trial,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000888 1_1_6pkbxz4w,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'StmDia Measurement'?","A. Sampling for water soluble carbohydrate is often combined with in-season biomass sampling and partitioning. Ensure to plan sampling approach carefully to allow for maximal data collection/economy of sampling (e.g., data on partitioning weights can be collected on the same 20 culm sample). The leaf lamina and/or leaf sheath may also be analyzed for WSC separately, or not removed from the stem for ?whole stem? analysis. Lab analysis is performed by NIR or wet chemical method. B. Standard method for stem diameter. C. Standard method for flag leaf area. D. Variable fluorescence measured from a dark adapted leaf.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,StmDia Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000284 1_1_tvj6nca3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'T follicular regulatory cell'?","A. A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. B. A CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta T cell that regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. C. A regulatory T cell present in the B cell follicles and germinal centers of lymphoid tissues. In humans, it is CXCR5+. D. A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,T follicular regulatory cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009113 1_1_f5m6mgda,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'furans'?","A. Compounds containing at least one furan ring. B. Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. C. A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives. D. Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,furans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24129 1_1_fp03ieue,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of methanesulfonic acid in water ice'?","A. The concentration of silver when measured in snow. B. The concentration of fucoxanthin when measured in liquid water. C. The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in water ice. D. The concentration of a ammonium when measured in soil.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of methanesulfonic acid in water ice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200029 1_1_uer0sehu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sea ice floe'?","A. _:743 B. Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. C. Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. D. In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sea ice floe,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Floe 1_1_8ssmw8ov,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'increased position'?","A. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being overfilled. B. A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with or below a glacial bed. C. A position which is relatively high. D. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located in the vicinity of - but not adjacent to or within - a glacier or ice sheet.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,increased position,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001475 1_1_7n7kf97i,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'capability to speak'?","A. A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed expressions in a given language are understood. B. A linguistic capability that is realised by processes in which textual concretisations of linguistic expressions are processed and understood. C. A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed vocal expressions in a given language are produced. D. A mental capability that is realised in processes of communication involving language or in expressions of language.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,capability to speak,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000052 1_1_h3z9ge3x,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nitrosamine'?","A. N-Nitroso amines, compounds of the structure R2NNO. Compounds RNHNO are not ordinarily isolable, but they, too, are nitrosamines. The name is a contraction of N-nitrosoamine and, as such, does not require the N locant. B. 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-one (CHEBI:32692) is a nitrosamine (CHEBI:35803). C. A member of the class of nitrosamines that is butan-1-ol substituted by a pyridin-3-yl group at position 1 and by a methyl(nitroso)amino group at position 4. It is a major metabolite of nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which is a carcinogen found in tobacco and responsible for inducing lung cancer in smokers. D. Compounds having the nitroso group, -NO, attached to carbon, or to another element, most commonly nitrogen or oxygen.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nitrosamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35803 1_1_t54fhq3y,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'extrafloral nectary'?","A. A nectary occurring on a floral organ or other part of a flower . B. A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a nectary . C. A nectary , not occurring on a floral organ or other part of a flower . D. A portion of secretory tissue which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,extrafloral nectary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009057 1_1_fnn6kloc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stalk height measurement'?","A. Length of stem B. Weigh 100 seeds C. Weigh the amount of harvested grains (excluding the borders) adjusted to 13% moisture, D. Measure the dry weight of stover, haulm harvested after threshing plants harvested from the plot excluing the borders.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stalk height measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_336:0000025 1_1_ygjiuiqv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'supereon'?","A. The largest defined unit of time is the supereon, composed of eons.] [Wikipedia] B. Eons are divided into eras [several hundred million years] [Wikipedia] C. Eras are divided into periods. [Wikipedia] D. The subdivisions of geologic time. The table of geologic time spans are dates and nomenclature defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,supereon,http://sweetontology.net/stateTime/Supereon 1_1_rvzi82ph,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alimentary part of gastrointestinal system'?","A. Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. B. Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. C. organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. D. The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,alimentary part of gastrointestinal system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005409 1_1_xo5n7v1z,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Restrictions on derivative software'?","A. Restrictions on derivative software is a derivatives clause which allows the creation of derivatives but which also places some kind of restriction on how derivative software may be created. B. Derivative code linked same license is a restrictive derivatives clause where code may only be linked to in derivative software that is released under the same license. C. No restrictions on derivatives is a derivatives clause which places no rules or restrictions on how derivative software is created. D. Derivatives allowed clauses are derivatives clauses which state that derivative resources are allowed using the licensed resource. Even when allowed, such a clause may or may not restrict the usage of the licensed resource in a variety of ways.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Restrictions on derivative software,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000017 1_1_bw2dbi4g,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hepatic vein'?","A. Vein that carries blood away from the liver[ZFA]. B. Vein that is central to a lobule in the liver. C. Any of the veins that parallel the arcuate arteries, receive blood from the interlobular veins and straight venules, and terminate in the interlobar veins. D. A hepatic vein that is part of a right lobe of liver.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hepatic vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001143 1_1_r718juqx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fast ice'?","A. Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. B. In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. C. Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. D. _:743",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fast ice,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FastIce 1_1_xlgcjb3k,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 68'?","A. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the KITLG gene on chromosome 12q21. B. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NLRP3 gene on chromosome 1q44. C. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the HOMER2 gene on chromosome 15q25. D. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness characterized by postlingual progressive severe sensorineural hearing loss with tinnitus that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the EPHA10 gene on chromosome 1p34.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 68,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110589 1_1_rf08vhr8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical surprised voice utterance'?","A. Voice utterance canonically associated with the experience of surprise B. Voice utterance characteristically associated with the experience of happiness. C. Voice utterances characteristically associated with the experience of disgust. D. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical surprised voice utterance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000189 1_1_llp9kq67,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mood process'?","A. A mood process is a mental process that involves affect (is valenced), and gives rise to a number of behavioural dispositions, but unlike an emotion has no object. Moods are usually longer-lived than emotion processes, but there are exceptions. B. An affective process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli. C. A mental process that has positive or negative valence. D. A mood process that is a generalised feeling of enthusiasm, eagerness and energy, and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience positively valenced emotions.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mood process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000193 1_1_r3xcbban,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other and unspecified adrenocortical insufficiency'?","A. Anemia (a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues) in patients with neoplasm (tumors) B. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. C. An unspecified condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones (cortisol) D. Type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy (vision loss and blindness) without macular edema (swelling in the macula cause by fluid leaking from the retina)",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other and unspecified adrenocortical insufficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000431 1_1_qlvqyw47,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultural event'?","A. Any of various individual, unique interaction between two (or more) subjects of interest. B. Events which occur in a fiction. C. Conferences primarily focused on cultural topics. D. Any of various events related to aspects of culture (museum exhibitions, fashion shows, etc.), particular cultures (Greek festivals, Christian feast celebrations, etc.), or particular subcultures (LGBTQ parades, African-American festivals, etc.).",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cultural event,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000970 1_1_cobs6ptl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'verb'?","A. A word whose main role is to modify/ describe a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. B. Scenes as organized by type. C. A word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). D. The class of syntactic words that are fundamentally relation inducing.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,verb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002425 1_1_56k3877f,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'adaxial/abaxial axis specification'?","A. The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. B. The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure. C. The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. D. The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,adaxial/abaxial axis specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009943 1_1_wl9r2ayi,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Estimation :Starch Content _method'?","A. Estimated percentage of complex carbohydrates or start after extraction from cassava storage root B. Visual rating of root pulp color as evaluated by CIAT C. Visual rating of root neck length as evaluated by CIAT D. An estimation of the percentage stem length with retained leaf measured in percentage (%) using a representative plant stand in a plot, between 6 to 7 months after planting",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Estimation :Starch Content _method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010313 1_1_5bfbwkml,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia, unspecified organism'?","A. an infection of your lungs caused by certain bacteria. B. Inflammation of the lung that is caused by viral infection; causes air sacs in lungs to fill up with fluid. C. An infection of one or both lungs D. A lung infection caused by an unspecified pathogen",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"pneumonia, unspecified organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000187 1_1_g4yxsw1t,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sperm plasma membrane'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric glomerulus development. B. The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. C. A plasma membrane that is part of a sperm cell. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sperm plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097524 1_1_2n8autpk,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Resource type'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:VersionTable B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:ResourceTypeTable C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:LegalValueTable",B,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Resource type,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#ResourceType 1_1_rl5cuqr5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete_TIFF image'?","A. SWO_0000434 was initially created within the originalsoftwareontology.owl and later moved to swo_data.owl. SWO_3000016, with the label 'TIFF', is also present, and stored within swo_data.owl. SWO_3000016 was retained and SWO_0000434 deemed obsolete, as SWO_3000016 has a better location in the hierarchy. All axioms belonging to SWO_0000434 were transferred to SWO_3000016. Please use SWO_3000016 instead. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete_TIFF image,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000434 1_1_u2zxc2se,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044472 1_1_4d3oiltd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'whale fall'?","A. The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. B. An environment in which entities are exposed to either excessive or constant sound. C. Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. D. Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,whale fall,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000140 1_1_jq6djrn5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-p-coumaroylquinic acid'?","A. A resin glycoside that is the pentasaccharide derivative of jalapinolic acid. Isolated from the aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae, it has been found to exhibit potential inhibitory effect against multidrug resistance in the human breast cancer cell line. B. A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-coumaric acid with the 4-hydroxy group of (-)-quinic acid. C. A resin glycoside that is the pentasaccharide derivative of jalapinolic acid. Isolated from the aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae, it has been found to exhibit potential inhibitory effect against multidrug resistance in the human breast cancer cell line. D. A cinnamate ester rusulting from the formal condensation of cinnamic acid with any alkyl alcohol.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-p-coumaroylquinic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_1945 1_1_nu6i85c0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lymphopenia'?","A. A lymphopenia that is caused by a reduction of CD4+ T lymphocytes. B. A leukocyte disorder that is characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection. C. A leukopenia that is characterized by a severe lack of of granulocytes with a drop in granulocyte concentration below 200 cells/mm³ of blood. D. A leukopenia that is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,lymphopenia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_614 1_1_yjdygeg0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'instar larval or pupal development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. C. A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. D. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,instar larval or pupal development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002165 1_1_oteo8cro,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vein of pterygoid canal'?","A. Anterior branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which arises from the right side to supply the anterior wall of the right ventricle. B. Tributary of pterygoid plexus, each instance of which passes through the pterygoid canal. C. Tract of brain which is continuous with left olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex. D. Organ component layer, each instance of which is a middle coat of some arterial wall that consists of smooth muscle cells, elastic tissue and collagen.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vein of pterygoid canal,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50955 1_1_tkh3hv7q,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucosa of nasopharynx'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. B. A dense accumulation of exocrine glands in the pancreas often surrounding islets of Langerhans. C. A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. D. Visceral endoderm, a population of extraembyonic endoderm, is an extraembryonic tissue that functions in a regulatory capacity but does not contribute directly to the formation of any adult organs[PMID:15905405]. primitive endoderm-derived tissue which remains in contact with and surrounds the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the epiblast and provides signals for the differentiation and patterning of the epiblast; a small number of visceral endoderm cells also contribute to the endoderm of the embryonic gut[MP].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mucosa of nasopharynx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005022 1_1_hcmq6oaj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aircraft launch or recovery officer'?","A. Plan and direct the operation and maintenance of catapults, arresting gear, and associated mechanical, hydraulic, and control systems involved primarily in aircraft carrier takeoff and landing operations. Duties include supervision of readiness and safety of arresting gear, launching equipment, barricades, and visual landing aid systems; planning and coordinating the design, development, and testing of launch and recovery systems; preparing specifications for catapult and arresting gear installations; evaluating design proposals; determining handling equipment needed for new aircraft; preparing technical data and instructions for operation of landing aids; and training personnel in carrier takeoff and landing procedures. B. Direct, train, and lead infantry units in ground combat operations. Duties include directing deployment of infantry weapons, vehicles, and equipment; directing location, construction, and camouflage of infantry positions and equipment; managing field communications operations; coordinating with armor, artillery, and air support units; performing strategic and tactical planning, including battle plan development; and leading basic reconnaissance operations. C. Direct the operation of tanks, light armor, and amphibious assault vehicle units during combat situations on land or in aquatic environments. Duties include directing crew members in the operation of targeting and firing systems; coordinating the operation of advanced onboard communications and navigation equipment; directing the transport of personnel and equipment during combat; formulating and implementing battle plans, including the tactical employment of armored vehicle units; and coordinating with infantry, artillery, and air support units. D. Manage personnel and weapons operations to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Duties include planning, targeting, and coordinating the tactical deployment of field artillery and air defense artillery missile systems units; directing the establishment and operation of fire control communications systems; targeting and launching intercontinental ballistic missiles; directing the storage and handling of nuclear munitions and components; overseeing security of weapons storage and launch facilities; and managing maintenance of weapons systems.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,aircraft launch or recovery officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55101200 1_1_mjs31bgu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'RustSev - Estimation'?","A. Observe rust severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). B. Observe GLS severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease). C. Observe color of grains. D. Observe banded leaf and sheath blight severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection (relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by disease).",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,RustSev - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000228 1_1_b4dlzrxp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hormone transport'?","A. The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. D. The directed movement of hormones into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hormone transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009914 1_1_dh9aewhr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ensemble algorithm'?","A. Ensemble algorithms are algorithms that generate an ensemble when executed on a dataset. The ensemble algorithms include a specification of single generalization algorithms which are executed in oreder to produce the single generalizations that compose the ensemble. Examples of ensemble algorithms include bagging, boosting, stacking, random forests, random subspaces,bagging of random subspaces etc. For example, bagging of decision trees algorithm includes the specification of a bagging algorithm and having a decision tree algorithm for generating the base models composing the ensemble. B. A data mining algorithm is an algorithm that has as its objective a data mining task and outputs as a result a generalization specified by a generalization specification. C. A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. D. single generalization algorithms are data mining algorithms that given a dataset on input produce a generalization at the output.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ensemble algorithm,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_530819 1_1_qkyzhln7,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical or counseling psychologist'?","A. Assess, diagnose, and treat mental and emotional disorders of individuals through observation, interview, and psychological tests. Help individuals with distress or maladjustment understand their problems through their knowledge of case history, interviews with patients, and theory. Provide individual or group counseling services to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social, educational, and vocational development and adjustment. May design behavior modification programs and consult with medical personnel regarding the best treatment for patients. B. Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling conditions. C. Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury. D. Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,clinical or counseling psychologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19303300 1_1_cosezxmu,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K48-linked ubiquitination. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination. D. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of protein K-48-linked ubiquitination, a protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of protein K48-linked ubiquitination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902524 1_1_jfj66lgs,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit cranberry worm'?","A. SWD viable eggs per fruit B. SWD reproductive rate C. Susceptibility to algal stem blotch D. Susceptibility to cranberry fruit worm",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit cranberry worm,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000211 1_1_go4sin7k,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant stem erectness'?","A. The ratio of the seed bounding box width to its height. B. The number of spines visible on the surface of the legume fruit per unit area of visible seed surface. C. The perimeter of the 2-D projected contour of a seed. D. The proportion of plants within a sampled plot/sward that are resistant to stem lodging, i.e. have stem angles > 45 degrees.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant stem erectness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0001050 1_1_3ctg4iml,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'addiction development'?","A. A bodily process in which a behavioural lapse results in relapse through negative emotions attributed by the person to the lapse. B. A in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates. C. A bodily process in which addiction strength is increased. D. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,addiction development,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001318 1_1_0n7b4ao5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular leaf anlagen formation stage'?","A. A vascular leaf initiation stage during which the vascular leaf primordium develops an adaxial side and an abaxial side . B. A vascular leaf initiation stage during which a vascular leaf primordium forms in the peripheral zone of the vegetative shoot apical meristem . C. A vascular leaf initiation stage during which the vascular leaf founder cells of the shoot apical meristem form a vascular leaf anlagen . D. A vascular leaf development stage which begins with the onset of the vascular leaf anlagen formation stage and ends with the termination of the vascular leaf primordium polarity determination stage .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular leaf anlagen formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001003 1_1_cavnewmm,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'lithocholate'?","A. A cholanic acid anion, that is the conjugate base of 1beta-hydroxydeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A cholanic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 7beta-hydroxy-3,12-dioxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,lithocholate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29744 1_1_4q2kjy1y,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'curation status specification'?","A. Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term B. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. C. The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. D. The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,curation status specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000078 1_1_abncvuhp,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism. D. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044624 1_1_tc6a9jya,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Phase 0 Trial'?","A. A clinical trial that uses an investigational agent that is available only in very limited quantities and which has never previously given to humans or for which there is extremely limited human experience. Phase 0 clinical trials are intended to enable researchers to understand the path of the drug in the body and its efficacy. Adverse event reporting in Phase 0 trials is expedited. B. C3b is the principal protein fragment produced when complement component C3 is cleaved by convertases of either the classical or alternative pathway. C3b aids in opsonization. C. A clinical research protocol generally referred to as a well-controlled and pivotal trial that aims to prove the mechanism of action of the new intervention in question. A pivotal study will generally be well-controlled, randomized, of adequate size, and whenever possible, double-blind. D. A clinical research protocol generally referred to as a pilot or feasibility trial that aims to prove the concept of the new intervention in question.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Phase 0 Trial,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C54721 1_1_7m05lm68,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to synapse. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to presynapse.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of protein localization to presynapse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905386 1_1_rl5e86zt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond'?","A. A melt pond which and is exposed to the atmosphere and to a lesser degree water underlying the ice mass which contains it. B. A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. C. A melt pond which is formed close to that part of an ice mass which is in contact with some underlying water body, and which has channels connecting it to that water body. D. A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000118 1_1_t0wvv1ux,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'conferol A'?","A. A leukotriene with formula C23H39NO6S that results from the metabilism of leukotriene B4 by human keratinocytes. B. A sesquiterpenoid that is 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,7-epidioxyazulen-3(2H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8, methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 and an isopropyl group at position 7 (the (1R,4R,7S,8S stereoisomer). Isolated from Nardostachys chinensis, it exhibits antimalarial activity. C. A member of the class of isoflavans that is isoflavan with hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 7 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2 (the 3R,4S stereoisomer). It is isolated from Caragana conferta and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity in the respiratory burst assay. D. A dihydropterin that is 7,8-dihydropteridin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 6 and 7 by amino, 1-hydroxyethyl and methyl groups respectively.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,conferol A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65653 1_1_djwol7lg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis'?","A. Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis. B. Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis. C. Any mesenchymal cell apoptotic process that is involved in nephron morphogenesis. D. Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in nephron morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901145 1_1_35gyvjvo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic kidney DP, stage 3'?","A. A disease that causes moderate kidney damage. A person is more likely to develop complications of kidney disease such as high blood pressure, anemia, and/or early bone disease. B. A disorder characterized by gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function resulting in renal failure. C. progressive loss in kidney function over a period of months or years. D. Chronic, irreversible renal failure.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"chronic kidney DP, stage 3",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000269 1_1_u3w1f1fs,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ppiStats'?","A. Tools for the analysis of protein interaction data. B. Transcript mapping with high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays C. Functions to computationally simulate the AP-MS technology based on wet-lab data. D. A Graphical User Interface for affy analysis using the limma Microarray package",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ppiStats,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000665 1_1_clctnw0z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'peripheral vascular disease'?","A. A vascular disease characterized by adult onset of microvascular endotheliopathy resulting in central nervous system degeneration with progressive loss of vision, stroke, motor impairment, and cognitive decline that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in TREX1 on chromosome 3p21.31. B. A vascular disease that is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels. C. A peripheral vascular disease characterized by blood trapped in the penis that is unable to drain. D. A vascular disease that is characterized by obstruction of larger arteries not within the coronary, aortic arch vasculature, or brain.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,peripheral vascular disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_341 1_1_jhxgotz1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypobranchial 1 cartilage'?","A. Hypobranchial bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with a median skeletal element medially and with a ceratobranchial 1 element laterally. Develops in hypobranchial 1 cartilage. B. Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 4 cartilage or bone. C. Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 1 cartilage or bone. D. Hypobranchial cartilage that is bilaterally paired and articulates laterally with ceratobranchial 2 cartilage or bone.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hypobranchial 1 cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001524 1_1_3fqs9dsk,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'librarians or media collections specialist'?","A. Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment. B. Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles. C. Provide inpatient care predominantly in settings such as medical wards, acute care units, intensive care units, rehabilitation centers, or emergency rooms. Manage and coordinate patient care throughout treatment. D. Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,librarians or media collections specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25402200 1_1_x61236c8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'wall cloud'?","A. A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front. B. A local, often abrupt lowering from a cumulonimbus cloud base into a low-hanging accessory cloud, normally a kilometer or more in diameter. C. A cloud variety composed of merged or separate elements that are elongated and parallel, either suggestive of ocean waves or arranged in ranks and files. D. 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,wall cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/WallCloud 1_1_4mr29gkl,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'midbrain morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus. B. The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo. C. The developmental process by which a midbrain is generated and organized. D. The orderly movement of a cardiac progenitor cell to form the heart field. Cardiac progenitor cells are non-terminally differentiated, mesoderm-derived cells that are committed to differentiate into cells of the heart. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,midbrain morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904693 1_1_27l6c0sw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'channel'?","A. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. B. A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography C. An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Estuaries are often associated with high rates of biological productivity. An estuary is where the river meets the sea. An estuary is typically the tidal mouth of a river, and estuaries are often characterized by sedimentation or silt carried in from terrestrial runoff and, frequently, from offshore. They are made up of brackish water. Estuaries are more likely to occur on submerged coasts, where the sea level has risen in relation to the land; this process floods valleys to form rias and fjords. These can become estuaries if there is a stream or river flowing into them. D. In physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. A channel is also the natural or man-made deeper course through a reef, bar, bay, or any shallow body of water. It is especially used as a Nautical term to mean the dredged and marked lane of safe travel which a cognizant governmental entity guarantees to have a minimum depth across its specified minimum width to all vessels transiting a body of water. The term not only includes the deep-dredged ship-navigable parts of an estuary or river leading to port facilities, but also to lesser channels accessing boat port-facilities such as marinas. When dredged channels traverse bay mud or sandy bottoms, repeated dredging is often necessary because of the unstable subsequent movement of benthic soils.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,channel,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/Channel 1_1_ko6f4y7a,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'omega-3 fatty acid'?","A. A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the n-6 position, i.e., the sixth bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid. B. Any oxygenated derivative of C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). C. A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds. D. A family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have in common a final carbon-carbon double bond in the omega-3 position, i.e., the third bond from the methyl end of the fatty acid.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,omega-3 fatty acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25681 1_1_cc63splc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified hypothyroidism'?","A. an underactive thyroid gland. B. An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow; no remission C. Other eye diseases caused by type 2 diabetes D. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified hypothyroidism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000476 1_1_iqigtbry,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'entitlement'?","A. financial instrument that can be bought or sold B. derivative instrument that grants to the holder either the privilege to purchase or the privilege to sell the assets specified at a predetermined price or formula at or within a time period in the future C. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified D. financial instrument that confers on its holders certain rights or obligations, whose value is derived from one or more underlying assets",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,entitlement,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/Entitlement 1_1_iu13vxhs,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive Whistling face syndrome'?","A. A Freeman-Sheldon syndrome that has autosomal recessive inheritance. B. A Freeman-Sheldon syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MYH3 gene on chromosome 17p13.1. C. A distal arthrogryposis characterized by microstomia with a whistling appearance of the mouth, distinctive facies, club foot and joint contractures. D. A congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by intrasarcoplasmic aggregates of desmin resulting in spinal rigidity, abnormal posture (limitation of neck and trunk flexure), progressive scoliosis of the spine, early marked cervico-axial muscle weakness with relatively preserved strength and function of the extremities and progressive respiratory insufficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SEPN1 gene on chromosome 1p36.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive Whistling face syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111606 1_1_fd3wip81,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'betel quid with tobacco'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which tobacco is wrapped in a betel leaf.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,betel quid with tobacco,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000962 1_1_h3n9ocsf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper glume of sessile spikelet of ear'?","A. An upper glume that is part of an ear spikelet. B. An upper glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet. C. An upper glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear sessile spikelet. D. The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,upper glume of sessile spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006440 1_1_y9x79ldc,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'cancer progression stage I'?","A. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends well beyond normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass. B. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to other distant tissues besides lymph nodes. C. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass. D. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth contained within normal tissue boundaries (e.g. carcinoma in situ).",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,cancer progression stage I,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000136 1_1_ywpse9xu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasal mucus'?","A. Mucus produced in the nasal cavity, by the respiratory segment of the nasal mucosa. B. Any mucus produced by a mucosae of the respiratory system. This includes the mucus produced in the nasal cavity (nasal mucus) and mucus produced in the respiratory tract (phlegm). C. An eye that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. D. An EC 3.1.* (ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any phosphoric monoester hydrolase (EC 3.1.3.*).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nasal mucus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002306 1_1_i9edv62h,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuron maturation'?","A. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. B. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state. C. The cellular developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a specific cell to attain its fully functional state. D. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a platelet to attain its fully functional state. A platelet is a non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,neuron maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042551 1_1_bcnceygu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'delirium due to known physiological condition'?","A. Single major depressive disorder episode (a depressed mood for two weeks or more) B. someone has drank alcohol so much, that they depend on it to function C. An acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech D. this code must be sequenced as the second code, since it specifies that the disease has dementia in other diseases",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,delirium due to known physiological condition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000555 1_1_eglvvkdc,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'aseptic meningitis'?","A. A meningitis that has_material_basis_in a fungal infection. B. A meningitis that has_material_basis_in a viral infection. C. A meningitis that is characterized by meningeal inflammation not caused by an identifiable bacterial pathogen in the cerebrospinal fluid. A large majority of them are caused by enteroviruses. D. A central nervous system disease that is characterized by an inflammation of the pia-arachnoid meninges. It can be caused by growth of bacteria, fungi, or parasites within the subarachnoid space or by the growth of bacteria or viruses within the meningeal or ependymal cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,aseptic meningitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12157 1_1_vgik277m,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'self-appraisal'?","A. A cognitive representation of the emotional relevance of an object or event to the organism. B. A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as good or desirable. C. A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as bad or undesirable. D. An appraisal by a person about themselves",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,self-appraisal,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000398 1_1_hnv798a5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyst DP'?","A. A disease process that has the outcome of the formation of a cyst B. is a major abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ compared to the normal shape of that part. C. Abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen D. A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. For example, the intestines may break through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. Hernias are most common in the abdomen, but they can also appear in the upper thigh, belly button, and groin areas. Most hernias aren’t immediately life-threatening, but they don’t go away on their own. Sometimes they can require surgery to prevent potentially dangerous complications.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cyst DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000018 1_1_piuzjyd1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine'?","A. A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group is (9Z)-hexadecenoyl (palmitoleoyl). B. A lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 in which the acyl group is specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and is located at either position 1 or 2. C. A lysophosphatidylcholine(0:0/16:1) in which the 2-acyl group is specified as (9Z)-hexadecenoyl. D. An lysophosphatidylcholine in which the acyl group is hexadecenoyl (position of double bond not specified). If R1 is hexadecenoyl and R2 is a hydrogen then the molecule is a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. If R1 is a hydrogen and R2 is hexadecenoyl then the molecule is a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,[(9Z)-hexadecenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140432 1_1_0g9d74mf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'forest or conservation worker'?","A. Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other scanning modalities. B. Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for castings. C. Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods. D. Under supervision, perform manual labor necessary to develop, maintain, or protect areas such as forests, forested areas, woodlands, wetlands, and rangelands through such activities as raising and transporting seedlings; combating insects, pests, and diseases harmful to plant life; and building structures to control water, erosion, and leaching of soil. Includes forester aides, seedling pullers, tree planters, and gatherers of nontimber forestry products such as pine straw.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,forest or conservation worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_45401100 1_1_3pd8ye4k,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased HDL cholesterol concentration'?","A. An elevated concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the blood. B. Increased plasma concentrations of chylomicrons, the large lipid droplet (up to 100 mm in diameter) of reprocessed lipid synthesized in epithelial cells of the small intestine and containing triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and several apolipoproteins. C. An abnormal increase in the level of lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. D. An increase in the amount of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased HDL cholesterol concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012184 1_1_ymo7ztcg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'interstitial constituent'?","A. Constituent forms an interconnected network of material enclosing other constituents that are disguished by larger grain size. B. Constituent forms finer-grained material interstitial to a framework constituent. ‘The finer-grained material enclosing, or filling the interstices between, the larger grains or particles of a sediment or sedimentary rock....The term refers to the relative size and disposition of the particles, and no particular particle size is implied’ (Jackson, 1997, p. 393). May be classifiable into orthomatrix, protomatrix, epimatrix, pseudomatrix, and unclassified matrix. C. Constituent is distributed through the material between other constituent particles D. any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,interstitial constituent,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/InterstitialConstituent 1_1_4v1wfk7x,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geneticist'?","A. Research and study the inheritance of traits at the molecular, organism or population level. May evaluate or treat patients with genetic disorders. B. Instruct and advise individuals and families engaged in agriculture, agricultural-related processes, or home management activities. Demonstrate procedures and apply research findings to advance agricultural and home management activities. May develop educational outreach programs. May instruct on either agricultural issues such as agricultural processes and techniques, pest management, and food safety, or on home management issues such as budgeting, nutrition, and child development. C. Diagnose and treat diseases relating to the skin, hair, and nails. May perform both medical and dermatological surgery functions. D. Teach courses in childcare, family relations, finance, nutrition, and related subjects pertaining to home management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,geneticist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19102903 1_1_ig4pnmh4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tarsometatarsus endochondral element'?","A. A tarsometatarsus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. B. An endochondral element in the distal portion of the mesopodial skeleton, between the central mesopodial skeleton and the metapodial skeleton. C. A tarsus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. D. A bone that is part of a hindlimb region. Examples: any pes phalanx, femur. Counter-examples: ischium, pubis (they are part of the pelvic girdle).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tarsometatarsus endochondral element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015012 1_1_fdop3d8h,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calculate mean of water weight'?","A. During FCA: Cut approximately 100 g of solid endosperm (meat) into 1 to 2 cm pieces. Record exact fresh weight. Put sample into an oven fir drying at 105°C until mass is constant (9 - 10 h). Record dry weight. Dry matter contents is 100 x dry weight /fresh weight. Calculate mean over 30 palms. B. During FCA: Remove meat from 3 split nuts. Weigh all half shells together. Divide total weight by the number of fruits. Perform 6 times a year during four consecutive years and record mean. Calculate mean over 30 palms. C. During FCA: Subtract split nut weight from nut weight for each analyzed tree. Calculate mean over 30 palms. D. During FCA: Cut approximately 100 g of solid endosperm (meat) into 1 to 2 cm pieces. Record exact fresh weight. Put sample into an oven for drying at 105°C until mass is constant (9 - 10 h). Record dry weight. Dry matter contents is 100 x dry weight /fresh weight. Calculate standard deviation over 30 palms.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Calculate mean of water weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000332 1_1_1msv8dqa,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'winktan''?","A. A Cherokee person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities. B. A two-spirit; a male-bodied person who has a feminine or third-gender/bigender gender role and is regarded as having special spiritual talents. C. A two-spirit; a male-bodied person who has a feminine gender role. D. A Tlingit person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,winktan',http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002152 1_1_geb0bt1k,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mouth of a watercourse'?","A. The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. B. The outflow of water from a mine. C. The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. D. A watercourse which has the intensity and direction of its flow primarily determined by the tides.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mouth of a watercourse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000479 1_1_xegkaxxf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Date of planting - estimation'?","A. Record the date of event. B. The following flower descriptors refer to the flowers at the axil of the first external unlifted bract. Fresh material must be used (make the observation as soon as you detach the bract/flower from the rachis). Visually observe the colour of the lobe at the tip of the tepal. Use colour chart B and observe out of direct sunlight. C. Record the date of event. D. Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Record the colour of the margin (general colour is below the rim). [x Observe at flowering time.]",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Date of planting - estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010000 1_1_bmslrfse,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'methadone'?","A. A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. B. A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. C. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. D. A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,methadone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6807 1_1_eaz16os6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cytoscape'?","A. Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data. B. ScanArray Express provides superior spot finding and quantization algorithm. This combined with template adjustment features drives excellence in analysis performance. C. A search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. D. An operating system is a piece of software which is responsible for managing software that runs on a computer and the interactions of that software with the hardware and system resources.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Cytoscape,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000079 1_1_bz19vuir,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'ileal epithelium'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a jejunum. B. An epithelium that is part of a duodenum. C. An epithelium that is part of a ileum. D. An epithelium that is part of a intestinal villus.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,ileal epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008345 1_1_7vfx6ery,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sublingual vein'?","A. Tributary of lingual vein, each instance of which drains some tongue. B. Tributary of lingual vein, each instance of which drains blood from the deep region of some tongue and joins some sublingual vein to form the vena comitans of some hypoglossal nerve. C. Leaflet of mitral valve which is attached to the anterior head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle through the chorda tendinea of the left ventricle. D. Reticular tissue which surrounds a skeletal muscle cell.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Sublingual vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50836 1_1_h6akjwnh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tubular paraffin lantern'?","A. A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. B. A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. C. A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. D. A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tubular paraffin lantern,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000568 1_1_wsycgk75,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesentery of rectum'?","A. The portion of the primitive mesentery that encloses the stomach; from its dorsal sheet, the greater omentum develops, and from its ventral sheet, the lesser omentum. B. The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. C. A mesentery that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mesentery that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mesentery of rectum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003395 1_1_8btz2pnn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaching'?","A. In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent). B. Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. C. Electrolysis is a method of using an electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. D. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which molecules of water (H2O) are split into hydrogen (H) and hydroxide anions (OH−) in the process of a chemical mechanism.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,leaching,http://sweetontology.net/procChemical/Leaching 1_1_se03ftzz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'pasture fire'?","A. A fire which occurs in a grassland, combusting biomass stored in grasses as its primary fuel. B. A fire which occurs in a pastureland. C. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. D. A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,pasture fire,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001291 1_1_ls569rol,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'macat'?","A. This library contains functions to investigate links between differential gene expression and the chromosomal localization of the genes. MACAT is motivated by the common observation of phenomena involving large chromosomal regions in tumor cells. MACAT is the implementation of a statistical approach for identifying significantly differentially expressed chromosome regions. The functions have been tested on a publicly available data set about acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Yeoh et al.Cancer Cell 2002), which is provided in the library 'stjudem'. B. This package deals with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. C. 50-50 Manova is software in which the 50-50 MANOVA algorithm is implemented. D. Provides visualization tools for flow cytometry data",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,macat,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000608 1_1_hng60j10,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tendon xanthomatosis'?","A. An abnormality of the Achilles tendon. B. The presence of multiple xanthomas (xanthomata) in the skin distributed in the creases of the palm of the hand. Xanthomas are yellowish, firm, lipid-laden nodules in the skin. C. The presence of xanthomas (intra-and extra-cellular accumulations of cholesterol) extensor tendons (typically over knuckles, Achilles tendon, knee, and elbows). D. Eruptive xanthomas are yellow-orange-to-red-brown papules that are often surrounded by an erythematous halo. They appear in crops on the buttocks, extensor surfaces of the extremities, and flexural creases. Acutely, variable amounts of pruritus and pain occur.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Tendon xanthomatosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010874 1_1_o19k3l96,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '[3)-alpha-D-Fucp-(1->2)-beta-L-Rhap-(1->]n'?","A. A polysaccharide containing four D-galactopyranosyl groups, three D-mannopyranosyl groups, six acetamido-D-glucopyranosyl groups and one N-acetylneuraminic acid group. Composition: Hex7 HexNAc6 NeuAc1. B. A polysaccharide composed of a backbone of linear trisaccharide repeating units that are joined to each other via alpha-(1->2)-linkages; corresponds to the O repeating unit of Salmonella serogroup E. C. A branched amino oligosaccharide that is an undecasaccharide derivative in which two alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl tetrasaccharide units are linked (1->3) and (1->6) to the mannose residue of a beta-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine trisaccharide. D. A polysaccharide composed of a backbone of alpha-D-fucosyl (1->2)-beta-L-rhamnosyl repeating units that are joined to each other via (1->3)-linkages.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,[3)-alpha-D-Fucp-(1->2)-beta-L-Rhap-(1->]n,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61598 1_1_xigzzumo,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'karaburan'?","A. The Spanish and most widely used term for an east or northeast wind occurring along the coast and inland from southern France to the Straits of Gibraltar. It is moderate or fresh (not as strong as the gregale), mild, very humid, overcast, and rainy; it occurs with a depression over the western Mediterranean Sea. In summer it is rare and weak; in January it is inhibited by the Iberian anticyclone. It is most frequent from February to May and October to December. A levant (French spelling) with fine weather is a levant blanc; in the Roussillon region of southern France (where, as along the Catalonian coast of Spain, it is called llevant) it often brings floods in the mountain streams. The levanter of the Gibraltar Straits is a related phenomenon. Compare leste, lombarde, levantera. B. A hot, sand- and dust-laden wind from between southeast and southwest that blows in front of a depression on the southeast coast of Spain but extends only a few miles inland. C. A violent northeast wind of Central Asia occurring during spring and summer. D. A persistent east wind in the Adriatic, usually bringing cloudy weather.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,karaburan,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Karaburan 1_1_syp4hy4x,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine hydrothermal plume'?","A. A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. B. The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. C. A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. D. A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine hydrothermal plume,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000130 1_1_xdd06kyn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5'?","A. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BBS4 gene on chromosome 15q24. B. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BBS5 gene on chromosome 2q31. C. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MKKS gene on chromosome 20p12. D. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that is characterized by obesity, postaxial polydactyly, retinal degeneration, and mild cognitive impairment and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the C8ORF37 gene on chromosome 8q22.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110127 1_1_4gad1la8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'clot'?","A. A cluster of ferromagnesian minerals in an igneous rock, from several centimeters to decimeters in diameter, that may be a segregation or an altered xenolith. B. A constituent with irregular distribution and geometry, as in pseudobreccia or patch migmatite. C. A fragment of older material within an igneous rock to which it may or may not be genetically related. D. An oversized stone in laminated sediment that depresses the underlying laminae and may be covered by -draped laminae. Most dropstones originate through ice-rafting; other sources are floating tree roots and kelp holdfasts....",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,clot,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Clot 1_1_ek4n0lps,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem apex tendril'?","A. A shoot axis that develops from a branch and is radially enlarged for storage. B. A shoot axis that arises from the apical part of a stem and is slender and coiling. C. A plant axis that is part of a shoot system . D. A shoot axis that develops from an axillary bud meristem or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem apex tendril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025365 1_1_nehxntr9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'self-enrichment teacher'?","A. Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas. B. Teach or instruct individuals or groups for the primary purpose of self-enrichment or recreation, rather than for an occupational objective, educational attainment, competition, or fitness. C. Prepare bodies for interment in conformity with legal requirements. D. Appraise automobile or other vehicle damage to determine repair costs for insurance claim settlement. Prepare insurance forms to indicate repair cost or cost estimates and recommendations. May seek agreement with automotive repair shop on repair costs.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,self-enrichment teacher,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25302100 1_1_5pvl1cyy,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'abyssinone I'?","A. A tricyclic diterpenoid isolated from the stem bark of Fraxinus sieboldiana. B. A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-2',2'-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-2'H,4H-2,6'-bichromen-4-one carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 7. C. An iridoid monoterpenoid that is hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3a, a 3-oxopropen-2yl group at position 6 and a trans-4-coumaroyloxy moiety at position 4 (the 1S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS stereoisomer). Isolated from the leaves of Viburnum luzonicum, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. D. A cyclic ketone isolated from the bark of Morella species and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,abyssinone I,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2367 1_1_l1z2t0pr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'vector'?","A. A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier. B. Any quantity, such as force, velocity, or acceleration, that has both magnitude and direction at each point in space, as opposed to a scalar that has magnitude only. C. A layer of air tens of meters thick at the bottom of the atmosphere where the variation of vertical turbulent flux with altitude is less than 10% of its magnitude. D. The time rate of change of a position vector; that is, a change of position expressed in terms of speed and direction.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,vector,http://sweetontology.net/reprMath/Vector 1_1_zaulz2wl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'certified nurse midwife'?","A. A person who is both a nurse (usually a registered nurse) and a midwife, having completed nursing and midwifery education leading to practice as a nurse midwife and sometimes credentialed in the specialty. B. A village-level obstetric health worker in India who is known as the first contact person between the community and the health services. ANMs are regarded as the grass-roots workers in the health organization pyramid. Their services are considered important to provide safe and effective care to village communities. The role may help communities achieve the targets of national health programs. C. A certified midwife who is not a nurse; certified professional midwives are known for being ""more natural and less intervention oriented."" In other words, these midwives typically work outside of the hospital setting in homes and birth centers and do not employ methods for childbirth that physicians in hospitals commonly use such as caesarean section, forceps and other types of equipment and drugs. D. In the United States, a nurse midwife who exceeds the International Confederation of Midwives essential competencies for a midwife and is also an advanced practice registered nurse, having completed registered nursing and midwifery education leading to practice as a nurse midwife and credentialing as a Certified Nurse-Midwife.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,certified nurse midwife,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009964 1_1_4iiiimga,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Promise'?","A. A promise is a communicated attitude about some future action or state B. Searle: the successful performance of a declaration is sufficient to bring about the fit between words and world, to make the propositional content true. In other words, if there is an inconsistency between the declaration and assertions, beliefs, or observations, it is not the declaration that is false. True of definitions and norms, and several other performative statements by legislators. C. The assertion is subject to a fit between words and world, in Searle's terms. It's propositional content can be true of false. If it is inconsistent with other assertions, beliefs, observations, it may come to be considered false. D. Not to be confused with the actual writing/document itself, which is the medium of the statement.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Promise,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Promise 1_1_01n4poxn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypertensive heart disease process without heart failure'?","A. A hypertensive disease that shows up with persistently elevated high blood pressure in the arteries, and has no identifiable cause. It does not include those hypertensive diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. Note that the essential hypertension affects 95% of hypertensive patients. B. This term exists in ICD-9 but not ICD-10 C. This term exists in ICD-9 but not ICD-10 D. Heart conditions caused by high blood pressure",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hypertensive heart disease process without heart failure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000160 1_1_3m0l8eaf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'hyaluronan metabolic process'?","A. Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. C. The directed movement of serotonin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems. D. The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,hyaluronan metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030212 1_1_qc15c9oc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other specified sepsis'?","A. Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. B. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. C. the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues. D. Sepsis is a whole-body inflammatory response to an infection.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Other specified sepsis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000126 1_1_0fqvc0j7,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'somnolence'?","A. a strong desire for sleep B. emotional disorder that makes the patient try to lose weight C. Aphasia is the term for full loss of language and dysphasia is the term for partial loss of language. D. A disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,somnolence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000505 1_1_fb5653v2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pregnancy related exhaustion and fatigue, first trimester'?","A. when a mother becomes exhausted or fatigued during pregnancy B. a rare, itchy skin eruption that usually happens in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often begins with the appearance of very itchy red bumps or blisters on your abdomen and trunk, though it can show up on other parts of your body C. when a mother gains weight during pregnancy D. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the first trimester",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"pregnancy related exhaustion and fatigue, first trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000493 1_1_vnc74u4y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory system arterial endothelium'?","A. An endothelium of capillary that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. B. An endothelium of artery that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. C. An endothelium that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition]. D. An endothelium that is part of a umbilical artery.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,respiratory system arterial endothelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004848 1_1_ql1rt94n,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'insult behavior'?","A. The disapproval of, or discrimination against, a person based on perceivable social characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a society. B. Any social behavior related to fighting. The term has broader meaning than aggressive behaviour because it includes threats, displays, retreats, placation, and conciliation. C. A personality trait rendering the individual acceptable in social or interpersonal relations. It is related to social acceptance, social approval, popularity, social status, leadership qualities, or any quality making him a socially desirable companion. D. A behavior which is deemed disrespectful or scornful.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,insult behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006554 1_1_m20455xf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'protonema side branch initial cell'?","A. A protonema sub-apical initial hat gives rise to a gametophore bud. B. An initial cell that is produced by longitudinal division of a sub-apical cell of a protonema. C. A protonema side branch initial that gives rise to a protonemal rhizoid. D. An protonema sub-apical initial that gives rise to a branch of a protonema.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,protonema side branch initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030067 1_1_g39ujwfw,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mechanical engineering technologist or technician'?","A. Apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify, develop, test, or adjust machinery and equipment under direction of engineering staff or physical scientists. B. Develop and implement websites, web applications, application databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance, scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications. C. Install, inspect, test, adjust, or repair avionics equipment, such as radar, radio, navigation, and missile control systems in aircraft or space vehicles. D. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotive vehicles.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,mechanical engineering technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302700 1_1_xqbfu9eb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Usage restricted'?","A. Academic use only is a usage restricted clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource to academic licensees only. B. Usage restricted is a usage clause which places restrictions on how the licensed resource may be used. These restrictions will vary according to the individual license. C. Commercial use only is a usage restricted clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource only to licensees who are commercial entites. D. A usage clause is a license clause which states the restrictions placed on how the licensed resource may be used. The license for a resource may restrict how the licensee may use the software. If such access is allowed, usage may be restricted in a variety of ways.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Usage restricted,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000031 1_1_fk2zusay,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system gray matter layer'?","A. The fluid-filled cavity that lies between the visceral and parietal pleurae. B. An interneuron located in the cerebral cortex that expresses the oxytocin receptor. These interneurons also express somatostatin. C. A GABAergic interneuron expressing PTHLH and PVALB that has its soma in a striatum. This GABAergic interneuron type presents a spatial expression gradient of PVALB in the mouse striatum. D. A layer of of the central nervous system that is part of gray matter.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,central nervous system gray matter layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016548 1_1_sxe73w13,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fusarium head blight grain incidence'?","A. Eye spot response in the plants caused by the fungal species Tapesia yallundae (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoide w-type) and Tapesia acuformis (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides r-type). Symptoms: the eye shape elliptical lesions forms on lower base of stem and lower leaf sheath. The eyespots are straw yellow in color from the middle and are surrounded by the greenish brown to dark brown rings. B. The plant damage caused by birds. C. Fusarium head blight (scab) incidence in the plants caused by the agent fusarium spp. D. Fusarium graminearum incidence in the plants.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fusarium head blight grain incidence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000927 1_1_qmdshurj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fractured skull'?","A. A characteristic appearance resulting from defective ossification of craniofacial bones. B. Abnormality of the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull. C. A partial or complete breakage of the skull. D. Abnormality of the temporal bone of the skull, which is situated at the sides and base of the skull roughly underlying the region of the face known as the temple.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fractured skull,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041082 1_1_9xhqnn4k,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-cystine anion'?","A. The L-alpha-amino acid anion that is a conjugate base of L-cystine, formed by loss of a proton from each of the carboxy groups. It is the major microspecies at pH > 9.4. B. A dicarboxylic acid monoanion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups and protonation of the amino group of erythro-4-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid. C. The conjugate base of 3-cyano-L-alanine; major species at pH 7.3. D. An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the conjugate base of L-threonine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,L-cystine anion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63163 1_1_uwqnqjjk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial febrile seizures 8'?","A. A familial febrile seizures that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GABRG2 gene on chromosome 5q34. B. A familial febrile seizures that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 19p13.3. C. A familial febrile seizures that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation. D. A familial febrile seizures that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 3q26.2-q26.33.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial febrile seizures 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111298 1_1_3547pibo,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electromechanical equipment assembler'?","A. Assemble or modify electromechanical equipment or devices, such as servomechanisms, gyros, dynamometers, magnetic drums, tape drives, brakes, control linkage, actuators, and appliances. B. Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale in retail establishments. C. Set up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such as heat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuum equipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or plastic objects. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,electromechanical equipment assembler,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51202300 1_1_i6aq1wb3,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'release event'?","A. A performance event. It might include as agents performers, engineers, conductors, or even listeners. It might include as factors a score, a MusicalWork, musical instruments. It might produce a sound:-) B. A release event, in a particular place (e.g. a country) at a particular time. Other factors of this event might include cover art, liner notes, box, etc. or a release grouping all these. C. An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score). D. A composition event. Takes as agent the composer himself. It produces a MusicalWork, or a MusicalExpression (when the initial ""product"" is a score, for example), or both...",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,release event,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/ReleaseEvent 1_1_7fhf7jgd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Metopion'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull between frontal eminences of skull. B. Midline anatomical point of skull in the medial plane of occipital bone farthest from glabella. C. Anatomical point of skull on any given location along the midsagittal line. D. Midline anatomical point of skull where midsagittal plane intersects anterior margin of alveolar arch of maxilla.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Metopion,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264777 1_1_uh82x759,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'opioid agonist treatment'?","A. Nicotine replacement therapy are nicotine delivery products that are licensed for use as smoking cessation or harm reduction aids used by people for quitting or reducing use of tobacco containing products. B. A treatment that involves providing a safer opioid agonist to a person with opioid addiction in order to reduce their psychological need for the opioid to which they are addicted. C. Treatment in which the disorder that is being treated is addiction. D. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,opioid agonist treatment,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000491 1_1_402jpqnx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect larval labial segment'?","A. Any labial segment (UBERON:6000014) that is part of some embryonic head (UBERON:6000155). B. Any gnathal segment (UBERON:6000011) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). C. Any labial segment (UBERON:6000014) that is part of some larval head (UBERON:6001730). D. Most posterior of the gnathal segments. In the adult it bears a pair of fused appendages, the labia, and its ectodermal invaginations give rise to the salivary glands.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,insect larval labial segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6001740 1_1_c75ypyiv,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'pasture'?","A. A grassland which is inundated with water. B. A grassland ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. C. An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. D. A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,pasture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000266 1_1_kves4clq,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'guard mother cell'?","A. A shoot epidermal cell that divides to produce the guard cells . B. A shoot epidermal cell that surrounds a trichome and provides its support. C. A shoot epidermal cell associated with a stomatal pore and at least morphologically distinguishable from the other epidermal cells. D. A shoot epidermal cell that is relatively unspecialized at maturity.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,guard mother cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000351 1_1_mkw1rqru,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm DP of bronchus or lung'?","A. Cancerous tumor of a respiratory organ (upper lobe, bronchus, or lung) B. disease of the bronchus C. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. D. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malignant neoplasm DP of bronchus or lung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000332 1_1_1qug02a9,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'term'?","A. An institution or recognizable group of individuals. Organizations can be formal or informal, have a strong degree of internal organization or be completely anarchic, have their own name or be anonymous, have their own legal status or be impromptu groups E.g.: the workers’ union, France, the Socialist party, the proponents of bill 103/32, the President of the Italian Republic. B. A part played by a person or an organization, in a certain situation. E.g.: member of parliament, speaker, head of office, bill proposer. C. The abstract concept of a legal resource. E.g.: act 3 of 2005. D. A word or group of words whose meaning is defined in a formal and precise manner by means of a specific concept. E.g.: opening sentence, rebuttal, impeachment.",D,1_1,legal/allot,term,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Term 1_1_euetyurz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenine import across plasma membrane'?","A. The directed movement of adenine from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. B. The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The process in which a purine nucleobase is transported across a membrane. D. The directed movement of succinate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,adenine import across plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098702 1_1_wzkla0aq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to molecule of fungal origin'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell. B. The series of molecular signals initiated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to molecule of fungal origin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071226 1_1_7awabq7r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Average - Grain yield per plant'?","A. Calculate as the sum of filled, half-filled and unfilled spikelets per area B. Measure weight of filled grains from primary and secondary panicles harvested on one plant. Repeat measurement on representative plants. Take the average C. Count all productive tillers in representative plants and take the average D. Calculate the number of days between transplanting and flowering dates (i.e., when at least 50% of hills in the plot have reached flowering stage)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Average - Grain yield per plant,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001279 1_1_dg2xef40,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'large river headwater biome'?","A. A large freshwater river headwater ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. B. A large freshwater river ecosystem which is in its climactic ecological state. C. A large freshwater river ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by its headwaters. D. A large freshwater river delta ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,large river headwater biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000888 1_1_ol85ysps,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'control or valve installer or repairer, except mechanical door'?","A. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul buses and trucks, or maintain and repair any type of diesel engines. Includes mechanics working primarily with automobile or marine diesel engines. B. Interview loan applicants to elicit information; investigate applicants' backgrounds and verify references; prepare loan request papers; and forward findings, reports, and documents to appraisal department. Review loan papers to ensure completeness, and complete transactions between loan establishment, borrowers, and sellers upon approval of loan. C. Provide technical assistance regarding the conservation of soil, water, forests, or related natural resources. May compile data pertaining to size, content, condition, and other characteristics of forest tracts under the direction of foresters, or train and lead forest workers in forest propagation and fire prevention and suppression. May assist conservation scientists in managing, improving, and protecting rangelands and wildlife habitats. D. Install, repair, and maintain mechanical regulating and controlling devices, such as electric meters, gas regulators, thermostats, safety and flow valves, and other mechanical governors.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"control or valve installer or repairer, except mechanical door",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49901200 1_1_v1ljct97,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'caulonema meristematic apical cell'?","A. A fruit formation stage that begins with the formation of a plant zygote that is contained in the fruit being studied and ends when the plant cells in the fruit begin to divide or expand. B. A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a caulonema. C. A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a protonema. D. A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a chloronema.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,caulonema meristematic apical cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030081 1_1_8pkp8b6b,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'convex 3-D shape'?","A. A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. B. A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. C. A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. D. A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,convex 3-D shape,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002007 1_1_tuxfxh3r,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'epinephrine secretion, neurotransmission'?","A. The regulated release of dopamine by a cell in which the dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter. B. The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell in which the epinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter. C. The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system. D. The regulated release of catecholamine by a cell in which the catecholamine acts as a neurotransmitter.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"epinephrine secretion, neurotransmission",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061529 1_1_5l8a9uv6,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'trimipramine'?","A. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. B. A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. C. A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant. D. A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,trimipramine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9738 1_1_ogw01tgc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'depressive disorder'?","A. A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, emptiness, or irritability and decreased ability to function. B. A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature. C. A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. D. A depressive disorder that is characterized by at least two weeks of loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities or depressed mood along with additional cognitive or somatic impairments such as appetite or weight changes, sleep difficulties, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, diminished ability to think or concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, and suicidality.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,depressive disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1596 1_1_z5ftzg0l,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reduced gamma-glutamyltransferase level'?","A. Any deviation from the normal level of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GGT is mainly present in kidney, liver, and pancreatic cells, but small amounts are present in other tissues. B. Any deviation from the normal amount of a metabolite in urine. C. Increased level of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GGT is mainly present in kidney, liver, and pancreatic cells, but small amounts are present in other tissues. D. Decreased level of the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). GGT is mainly present in kidney, liver, and pancreatic cells, but small amounts are present in other tissues.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Reduced gamma-glutamyltransferase level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034445 1_1_e41eqami,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fresh weight - measurement'?","A. Visual observation B. Weighing C. Weigh a finger, using scales. Associate the data with the Hand rank. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand. D. Measure the length of a finger that is at the ready to eat stage, along the external (dorsal) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip, using a tape measure. Associate the data with the Hand rank and the Number of fingers measured. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fresh weight - measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010563 1_1_lmgdxpxu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Fracture of unspecified metatarsal bone(s), left foot, subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing'?","A. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck B. a complete or incomplete break in one of the five metatarsal bones in each foot. C. infection or inflammation due to the implementation of cardiac/vascular devices, implants, and grafts D. Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Fracture of unspecified metatarsal bone(s), left foot, subsequent encounter for fracture with routine healing",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000140 1_1_5myqrsgc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Adult stage'?","A. Developmental stage from 9 to 11 years. B. Developmental stage from 10 to 16 years. C. Developmental stage from 20 years and up. D. Developmental stage from 8 weeks to birth.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Adult stage,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0328424 1_1_1zdj7ov2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'white supremacy'?","A. An ideology which holds that a certain ethnic group or racial group is superior to others, and that they should dominate, control, and subjugate others, or are entitled to do so. B. A racist and white supremacist ideology which views the ""Nordic race"" as an endangered and superior racial group. C. A white supremacist ideology which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group which is entitled to rule the rest of humanity. Initially promoted by racist theorists such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Aryanism reached its peak of influence in Nazi Germany. In the 1930s and 40s, the regime applied the ideology with full force, sparking World War II with the 1939 invasion of Poland in pursuit of Lebensraum, or living space, for the Aryan people. The racial policies which were implemented by the Nazis during the 1930s came to a head during their conquest of Europe and the Soviet Union, culminating in the industrial mass murder of six million Jews and eleven million other victims in what is now known as the Holocaust. D. The racist belief that white people are superior to people of other races and therefore should be dominant over them. White supremacy has roots in scientific racism, and it often relies on pseudoscientific arguments. Like most similar movements such as neo-Nazism, white supremacists typically oppose members of other races as well as Jews.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,white supremacy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002292 1_1_89gd6qzw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(R)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-)'?","A. A 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of (S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. B. A short chain fatty acyl-CoA(4-) that is the tetraanion of 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA, arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions. C. A carboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any retinoid carboxy group. D. A 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of (R)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(R)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156439 1_1_w5yam4dg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'valve'?","A. The part of the stamen that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs. B. A valve that is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces. C. Region that includes the widest or majority portion of leaf lamina and that does not include leaf apex and leaf lamina base. D. A cardinal organ part that is a part of a plant structure that splits apart when the structure dehisces.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,valve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025228 1_1_h2xa3p61,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'research activity bias'?","A. A process attribute of a research activity. B. An industry that is realised in the manufacture or sale of tobacco and tobacco-containing products. C. A research activity attribute that is the extent to which the data that is output from this process has a systematic inaccuracy. D. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce depression.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,research activity bias,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001146 1_1_uuqi6sft,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to environmental stimulus'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an environmental stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cellular response to environmental stimulus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0104004 1_1_f6cdjfaz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biological child'?","A. A child born to their parents, being genetically related to them and/or birthed by them. B. A less experienced drag performer who is adopted by and is mentored and guided by a more experience drag performer, their drag parent (more often referred to as their drag mother or drag father). C. A person 6 to 12 years of age, or an individual who is a direct descendant by birth, adoption, or other process, regardless of age. D. A child who has HIV.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,biological child,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001965 1_1_pdbexmov,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of DNA biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process. D. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of DNA biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000278 1_1_3el9x9gm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'proximal straight tubule'?","A. Any region of a nephron tubule that is straight. Examples: distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tuble. B. The proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the proximal tubule and extends from the glomerular capsule to the proximal straight tubule. C. A region of nephron tubule that is part of a cortex of kidney. D. The proximal straight tubule is the part of the descending limb that extends from the proximal convoluted tubule to the descending thin tubule.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,proximal straight tubule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001290 1_1_qkdn6rpy,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'katotse'?","A. A person assigned male at birth who occupies a feminine gender role in Takelma society. B. A Zuni person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. C. An Hopi person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. A Wishram person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,katotse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002078 1_1_k0t41atq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tank car, truck, or ship loader'?","A. Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments. B. Provide services to ensure the safety of passengers aboard ships, buses, trains, or within the station or terminal. Perform duties such as explaining the use of safety equipment, serving meals or beverages, or answering questions related to travel. C. Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, issuing room keys or cards, transmitting and receiving messages, keeping records of occupied rooms and guests' accounts, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests. D. Load and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such as coal, sand, and grain, into or from tank cars, trucks, or ships, using material moving equipment. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of products. May gauge or sample shipping tanks and test them for leaks.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"tank car, truck, or ship loader",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53712100 1_1_hnm9ufca,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pars reflexa of masseter'?","A. A lymph node that is part of a hypodermis. B. An extension of the sternum (breastbone) which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs[WP]. C. The pars reflexa is a separable part of the superficial masseter muscle that attaches to the medial surface of the mandible. D. The anterior angle of the superior surface of the urinary bladder. The apex of urinary bladder is connected to the umbilicus by the urachus in embryos, and by the median umbilical ligament, a remnant of urachus, in adults.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pars reflexa of masseter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011308 1_1_ywmyzxul,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ribbon 1m protocol'?","A. None B. None C. Measured at 1m from the ground with a graduated ribbon D. Measured from soil to the first branches of the canopy",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ribbon 1m protocol,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:2000018 1_1_ayr9znz6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'river valley'?","A. A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. B. A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. C. A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a ball (a sphere whose equatorial diameter is equal to the polar diameter). D. An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,river valley,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000171 1_1_op3t299x,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'foraging behavior by probing substrate'?","A. Behavior by which an organism locates food. B. Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food. C. The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food. D. Behavior by which an adult locates food.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,foraging behavior by probing substrate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060758 1_1_fhwrrcif,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Complete duplication of the proximal phalanges of the hand'?","A. A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. B. A complete duplication affecting one or more of the phalanges of the thumb. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. C. A complete duplication affecting one or more of the proximal phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a Pseudoepiphyses (see according terms) sometimes also referred to as Hyperphalangism. D. A complete duplication affecting one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a pseudoepiphysis (see corresponding terms) sometimes also referred to as hyperphalangism.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Complete duplication of the proximal phalanges of the hand,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010000 1_1_iehiwk8w,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'tissue disorder'?","A. A disorder whose etiology involves (1) a modification to the patient's genomic DNA which leads to alterations in the normal expression pattern of the genome, but is (2) not a change in the nucleotide sequence. B. A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a catastrophic external force. C. A disorder of some macroscopic part of a tissue D. A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,tissue disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000146 1_1_kqwe7hog,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'glacial plucking'?","A. Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. B. A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. C. An erosion process during which the movement of a glacier across a terrestrial surface causes the removal of material from that surface. D. Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,glacial plucking,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000683 1_1_fdkegj1a,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cost estimator'?","A. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education. B. Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or registration required. C. Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining price of product or service. May specialize according to particular service performed or type of product manufactured. D. Develop, introduce, or enact laws and statutes at the local, tribal, state, or federal level. Includes only workers in elected positions.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cost estimator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13105100 1_1_3k3dypdr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf procambial cell'?","A. A procambial cell that is part of a leaf procambium . B. A portion of plant tissue which is composed of highly vacuolated cells forming closely-packed, club-shaped sacs with long slender stalks and containing juice. C. A meristematic cell that is part of a portion of procambium . D. A portion of cortex that is part of a pedicel .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf procambial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000063 1_1_zke87pwr,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rubrospinal tract'?","A. Tract of brain, each instance of which originates at some olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in some raphe nucleus, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter some inferior peduncle to be distributed to some cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. B. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of some spinal cord, arising in the large cells of the red nucleus of some mesencephalon and terminating predominantly in the cervical region of some spinal cord. C. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of fibers arising mostly from the reticular formation of some pons and medulla oblongata; chiefly homolateral, the fibers descend in the ventral and lateral funiculi to most levels of some spinal cord. D. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a descending tract in some medulla oblongata, ventrolateral to the caudal part of some fourth ventricle, near the dorsal nucleus of some vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, and comprising primary visceral afferent fibers from some facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Rubrospinal tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72640 1_1_r15w8z77,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasalis muscle'?","A. The nasalis (compressor naris) is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose whose function is to compress the nasal cartilage. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus. The alar part is attached at one end to the greater alar cartilage, and at the other to the integument at the point of the nose. Other sources divide it into 'Compressor nasalis' and 'Dilator nasalis'. B. An umbilical vein that is in the right side of a multicellular organism. C. One of two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face, and form, by their junction, 'the bridge' of the nose[WP]. Paired dermal bones, likened to a bone tube, positioned lateral to the supraethmoid. Nasal bones are transversed by the anterior most part of the supraorbital canals and bear one neuromast foramen in zebrafish[ZFA]. D. A testis that is in the left side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nasalis muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010953 1_1_v84n39wq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'legal parent'?","A. A person who has adopted a child, as opposed to a biological parent or parents. B. A person who provides biological material (egg and/or sperm), but not necessarily genetic material, or otherwise assists in the creation of a child (such as carrying the pregnancy to term for an egg/sperm combo that is not their own). C. A parent, usually either biological or adoptive, who is legally considered as such. D. A person who is the parent of child who is gender nonconforming.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,legal parent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001988 1_1_90rp99kj,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subjective_Entity'?","A. The role of something used in a (mental) reasoning/inference process B. A subjective entity is ontologically subjective, i.e. its existence is relative to an observer, that attributes its properties to some other entity, given a context. C. A social role is played by some agent in the context of social activities. The social role brings with it some expectation of 'default' behavior of the role-filler. D. A role is a specification of default behavior and accompanying expectations of the thing 'playing' the role. Similar to actors in a theater who play roles, but are not the roles. Example: student.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Subjective_Entity,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/role.owl#Subjective_Entity 1_1_b43d9euf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY 3.0'?","A. CC BY-SA 3.0 is a copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project recommend this license for art, entertainment and educational works, but also recommend that it is not used for software or documentation, since it is tricky as to how exactly this license is compatible with the GNU GPL. B. CC BY 3.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. C. CC BY 3.0 US is a US-specific non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. D. CC0 is a public domain dedication from Creative Commons. A work released under CC0 is dedicated to the public domain to the fullest extent permitted by law. If that is not possible for any reason, CC0 also provides a lax, permissive license as a fallback. Both public domain works and the lax license provided by CC0 are compatible with the GNU GPL.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY 3.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000075 1_1_d8jyl6zt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Defect of palpebral conjunctiva'?","A. A condition characterized by dryness of the conjunctiva, often associated with keratinization of the conjunctival epithelium. Conjunctival xerosis is commonly linked to vitamin A deficiency, severe dry eye disease, or systemic conditions such as Sjogren syndrome. Clinical features may include a dull, rough conjunctival surface and reduced mucosal secretions. B. fine white linear scars under intact conjunctival epithelium. This scarring appears in areas of previous conjunctival ulceration or pseudomembrane formation, weeks to months after the insult is healed. C. An abnormality of the palpebral conjunctiva. D. Corneal pterygium is an ocular surface disease characterized mainly by a wing-shaped growth of limbal and conjunctival tissue over the adjacent cornea.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Defect of palpebral conjunctiva,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0430011 1_1_hpve5ddf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'clodinafop-propargyl'?","A. A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 4-methoxy-17beta-estradiol having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3. B. A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by a (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy group at position 2 and a N-methoxyethanimidoyl group at position 6. It is a herbicide. C. A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the hydroxy group of retinol with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid. D. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of clodinafop with the hydroxy group of prop-2-yn-1-ol. It is widely used as a herbicide for the control of annual grass weeds in cereal crops.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,clodinafop-propargyl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132921 1_1_3cq8wawn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf lamina abaxial epidermis'?","A. A portion of leaf lamina epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf lamina . B. A portion of leaf lamina abaxial epidermis PO:0000049) that covers the abaxial surface of a cigar leaf . C. A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a leaf lamina. D. A portion of leaf lamina epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf lamina .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf lamina abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000049 1_1_izlqn7ej,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes '4-5 finger cutaneous syndactyly'?","A. A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between the fourth (ring) to the fifth (little) finger that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints. B. A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between the thumb to the index finger that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints. C. A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between the second to the third fingers that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints. D. A soft tissue continuity in the anteroposterior axis between the thumb to the middle finger that extends distally to at least the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,4-5 finger cutaneous syndactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010705 1_1_lor26rwi,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as being at the centre of attention'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about the direction and nature of the social attention surrounding an event. B. The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction. C. An appraisal that represents a judgement that a person is not at the centre of the surrounding social attention. D. An appraisal which represents a judgement that the person is at the centre of the surrounding social attention. (That is, that all other nearby persons are paying attention to him/her.)",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as being at the centre of attention,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000098 1_1_es796vvb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Gene array analysis algorithm'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Gene array analysis algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000552 1_1_b2ik2pqo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'external ear biopsy (Biopsy of external ear)'?","A. allergy to opiate agonist B. inflammatory anatomical entity that is located in skin C. chronic infection of lower respiratory tract D. a sample of tissue taken from the external ear in order to examine it more closely.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,external ear biopsy (Biopsy of external ear),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000610 1_1_05dm7nhm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glutathione'?","A. Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. B. A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine bearing two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2. C. A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. D. A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,glutathione,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16856 1_1_0kbc1d8j,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044640 1_1_nncaxsv6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf Sulphur content'?","A. The concentration of Sulphur in leaves B. The concentration of Vanadium in leaves C. The concentration of Selenium in leaves D. The concentration of palmitic acid in seeds.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf Sulphur content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_348:2100050 1_1_aghryr7v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'riverine pothole'?","A. The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. B. A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. C. A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. D. A depression which 1) has smooth surfaces, 2) has a bowl-like or cylindrical shape, 3) results from the erosion of the rocky bed of a watercourse.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,riverine pothole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000534 1_1_dmuoatqn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'trichostrongyloidiasis'?","A. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of humans and domestic animals caused by the larval stages of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus in the liver, lungs, spleen, brain, heart and kidneys. B. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the liver of a variety of wild and domestic ruminants by Fascioloides magna. C. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the intestine caused by the larvae of Baylisascaris procyonis, which can invade the spinal cord, brain, and eye of humans, resulting in permanent neurologic damage, blindness, or death. D. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of animals and humans by nematodes of the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,trichostrongyloidiasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1255 1_1_2w5ic5gl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.05 five leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at five nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.05 five leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007065 1_1_2virhaxm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropology or archeology teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses pertaining to education, such as counseling, curriculum, guidance, instruction, teacher education, and teaching English as a second language. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents. C. Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties. D. Teach courses in anthropology or archeology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"anthropology or archeology teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25106100 1_1_si10irc3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'molecule'?","A. Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. B. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. C. A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. D. Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,molecule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 1_1_u4pehf3k,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'karst cave'?","A. A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. B. A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. C. A cave which is part of a karst formation. D. A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,karst cave,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00012411 1_1_rvet9jkh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian representation in media'?","A. How gay men are displayed in media. B. How persons that are asexual are displayed in media. C. How persons that are bisexual are displayed in media. D. How lesbians are displayed in media.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lesbian representation in media,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006471 1_1_v9p5m5q7,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inspiration'?","A. A negative self-evaluative emotion that occurs when a person brings about a negative outcome by acts of commission or omission that violate internal or external moral standards. B. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive. C. A positive emotion that is associated with a motivation and an idea to do or create something. D. A positive emotion associated with the appraisal of one's positive social worth, a signal that one is likely to be socially accepted. [Source: OCEAS]",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Inspiration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000178 1_1_emnuvmhu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'host-seeking behavior'?","A. Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. B. An emotional behavioural process is the behaviour of the organism in response to the appraisal, which includes the characteristic facial expressions for particular emotion types. C. Behavior by which an organism locates food. D. The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,host-seeking behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032537 1_1_7rmv73o7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'benign mammary dysplasia'?","A. A breast benign neoplasm that encompasses a range of conditions in which there is marked change in the breast tissue. B. A breast benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in smooth muscle cells. C. A breast benign neoplasm that is located_in the nipple. D. A breast benign neoplasm that is characterized by a collection of excess blood vessels.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,benign mammary dysplasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9504 1_1_tjk6g2k3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'brain oligodendroglioma'?","A. A brain glioma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from glial cells, has_symptom seizure, headaches, nausea and vomiting, memory loss, changes to personality, mood or concentration; and localized neurological problems. B. A brain glioma that has_material_basis_in oligodendrocytes. C. A brain cancer that has_material_basis_in glial cells. D. A brain glioma that is characterized by tumor of the ependyma, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from ependymal cells, located_in spine in adults and located_in intracranial (4th ventricle) in children.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,brain oligodendroglioma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3187 1_1_c7ud599o,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fundraising manager'?","A. Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation. B. Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities to solicit and maintain funds for special projects or nonprofit organizations. D. Develop, introduce, or enact laws and statutes at the local, tribal, state, or federal level. Includes only workers in elected positions.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,fundraising manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11203300 1_1_r5475axy,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chiropractor'?","A. Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical techniques, or new applications for existing systems. B. Teach courses in human history and historiography. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department. D. Assess, treat, and care for patients by manipulation of spine and musculoskeletal system. May provide spinal adjustment or address sacral or pelvic misalignment.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,chiropractor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29101100 1_1_ybxu1ix5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obesity, unspecified'?","A. Overweight and obesity caused by miscellaneous disorders B. a condition marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. C. an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat D. A condition marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"obesity, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000480 1_1_uked5fvq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'endothelial transcription factor GATA-2'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human CALCA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human GATA2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. A protein that is the translation product of any of the LY6 genes (LY6A-LY6I). D. A protein that is a translation product of the human FOXN1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,endothelial transcription factor GATA-2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000007858 1_1_aljej0tt,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PEAKS DB'?","A. GraphPad Prism is a commercial scientific 2D graphing and statistics software available for both Windows and Macintosh computers. B. Microarrays are powerful tools for discovering levels of gene expression. Geneservice have invested in the latest gene expression microarray system from Applied Biosystems so that the widest choice of platform is available to our customers. The key features of this system are: Sensitivity: a detection threshold of as little as a femtomole of expresseed mRNA and requiring as little as 500ng of starting total RNA. Content: each probe is associated with a gene sequence buiult on unique Celera data and validated by public RefSeqs all of which have been curated. Pipeline: complete integrated solutions for gene expression research including Applied Biosystems Bioinformatic tools and ready-to-go gene expression TaqMan assays for validation of results. C. The GeneSpring-R integration package will allow you to expand the capability of GeneSpring by integrating R programs seamlessly into GeneSpring. With the integration package you will be able to use the power of R and BioConductor scripts in GeneSpring's rich graphical environment D. Protein Identification Software including an LC-MS/MS search engine, modification search and PTM profiling, sequence variant search, integration with de novo sequencing, and support for all types of fragment ions.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PEAKS DB,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100139 1_1_m3it8hst,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arteriovenous malformation'?","A. An anomalous configuration of blood vessels that shunts arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the capillaries. B. The presence of thick collagen bundles around blood vessels, often in an onion-skin type whorling pattern. C. Abnormal outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of an atery, vein or the heart. D. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, a condition most commonly associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is an abnormal communication between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein without an intervening capillary communication. HRCT images usually show a coarse spidery appearance of the peripheral vascular markings in the lungs. More specific findings are obtained in the pulmonary angiogram where the normally invisible capillary phase is replaced by irregular vascular channels bridging the peripheral branches of pulmonary arteries and veins.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Arteriovenous malformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100026 1_1_24qjm4r9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemistry teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses pertaining to the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. Work may include providing instruction in the methods of qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Research, design, develop, or test microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. C. Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate student instruction, administration, and services, as well as other research and educational activities, at postsecondary institutions, including universities, colleges, and junior and community colleges.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"chemistry teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25105200 1_1_vwg9hwod,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dentate gyrus'?","A. A serrated strip of gray matter under the medial border of the hippocampus and in its depths; it is an archaeocortex which develops along the edge of the hippocampal fissure and which consists of molecular, granular, and polymorphic layers. B. Any evaluation or assessment tool used to ascertain a patient's condition or diagnosis. C. An inhibitor that interferes the chemical reaction of BACE1 D. a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dentate gyrus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0002496 1_1_8lmizeiw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'langmuir circulation'?","A. A fragment of older material within an igneous rock to which it may or may not be genetically related. B. The global recirculation of water masses that determines today's climate. C. Roll circulations approximately aligned with the surface stress vector that frequently occur in the upper boundary layer of oceans or lakes. Although similar in form to atmospheric longitudinal roll vortices, Langmuir circulations are thought to be driven by nonlinear interactions between the surface gravity wave field and the larger-scale turbulent motions within the mixed layer. They are sometimes called windrows because they form lines of surface debris or bubbles in their surface convergence zones. Their spatial scale is related to the depth of the mixed layer and their characteristic velocity is on the order of 8u*, where u* is the friction velocity in water. As a result of this scaling, Langmuir circulations generally require surface winds of at least 8 m s-1 in order to form. See coherent structures, longitudinal rolls. D. An ascending motion of subsurface water by which water from deeper layers is brought into the surface layer and is removed from the area of upwelling by divergent horizontal flow.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,langmuir circulation,http://sweetontology.net/phenOceanDynamics/LangmuirCirculation 1_1_tb4bnuef,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'margo scapularis'?","A. An epithelial cell of the mammary gland. B. Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. C. Lateral margin of the suprascapula, which articulates with the scapula. D. Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species (MM).",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,margo scapularis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000829 1_1_39217wtp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'budget analyst'?","A. Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports. B. Resolve disputes between workers and managers, negotiate collective bargaining agreements, or coordinate grievance procedures to handle employee complaints. C. Develop new or improved designs for vehicle structural members, engines, transmissions, or other vehicle systems, using computer-assisted design technology. Direct building, modification, or testing of vehicle or components. D. Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions, improve existing computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,budget analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13203100 1_1_dikehtu4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate'?","A. The monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of (9Z,11R,12Z,15Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. B. A hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate that is the conjugate base of (9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. C. A hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate that is the conjugate base of (9S,10E,12Z,14E,16S)-9,16-bis(hydroperoxy)octadecatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. D. A hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate that is the conjugate base of (9Z,11E,13R,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144034 1_1_1wyckec9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp3S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->6)]-D-GalpNAc'?","A. An amino trisaccharide consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose and D-galactopyranose residues joined in sequence by (1->3) glycosidic bonds. B. N-Acetylneuraminic acid reduced across the 2,3-bond with loss of the hydroxy group at C-2 and in which the 9-hydroxy group is substituted by a glutaramido group. C. A glycosylglucose derivative that consists of beta-D-glucose having a 3-sulfated beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 4. D. An amino tetrasaccharide that is beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 6 f the acetamidogalactopyranose group has been glycosylated by a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp3S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->6)]-D-GalpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147243 1_1_oyut4op0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pamr'?","A. Some functions for sample classification in microarrays B. Meta-data and tools to work with E. coli. The tools are mostly plotting functions to work with circular genomes. They can used with other genomes/plasmids. C. This package is an infrastructure for dealing with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. D. A package that provides a client interface to the KEGG SOAP server",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pamr,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000645 1_1_2yno7cwo,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cyber-T'?","A. PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an open source object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance. B. Cyber-T may be used to statistically determine what the probability is that a specific gene is differentially expressed by determining an associated p-value statistic. C. MATLAB® is a high-level language and interactive environment that enables you to perform computationally intensive tasks faster than with traditional programming languages such as C, C++, and Fortran D. ProteomicsTools software suite contains a bunch of tools used in proteomics research, including identification, result parsing, quantification, and modification.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Cyber-T,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100087 1_1_8n62daof,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'arch of centrum of vertebra'?","A. A vertebral arch that is attached to the ventral surface or the vertebral centrum and encloses and protects the caudal artery and vein ventrally. B. Fusion of the occipital segment or occipital ring and otic capsule (Francis, 1934). C. Skeletal element that consists of the scapula and the coracoid[VSAO, modified]. D. An arch-shaped structure of the vertebra that extends dorsally (neural arch) or ventrally (hemal arch) from the vertebral centrum.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,arch of centrum of vertebra,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010358 1_1_4a1mutye,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for observation for other suspected diseases and conditions ruled out'?","A. encounter for observation due to suspected exposure to biological agents B. patient under observation for other suspected diseases and conditions C. a medical procedure — either temporary or permanent — that involves creating an opening in the neck in order to place a tube into a person's windpipe. D. a medical diagnosis of person with feared health complaint in whom no diagnosis is made.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for observation for other suspected diseases and conditions ruled out,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000386 1_1_jc9s0ipw,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parallel Gateway'?","A. Parallel Gateway B. A Process is an activity performed within or across companies or organizations. In BPMN a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Objects, which are a set of other activities and the controls that sequence them. The concept of process is intrinsically hierarchical. Processes may be defined at any level from enterprise-wide processes to processes performed by a single person. Low-level processes may be grouped together to achieve a common business goal. Note that BPMN defines the term Process fairly specifically and defines a Business Process more generically as a set of activities that are performed within an organization or across organizations. Thus a Business Process, as shown in a Business Process Diagram, may contain more than one separate Process. Each Process may have its own Sub-Processes and would be contained within a Pool (Section B.8.2, on page 260). The individual Processes would be independent in terms of Sequence Flow, but could have Message Flow connecting them. C. These are the elements that define the basic look-and-feel of BPMN. Most business processes will be modeled adequately with these elements D. A Sub-Process is a compound activity that is included within a Process. It is compound in that it can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Process) through a set of sub-activities.",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Parallel Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#parallel_gateway 1_1_l5ftrn79,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cerebral ventricle'?","A. Region of lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle which is attached to the posterior leaflet of mitral valve through the chorda tendinea of left ventricle and to the inferior wall of left ventricle. B. Segment of ventricular system of brain which has as its direct proper parts wall of cerebral ventricle and cavity of cerebral ventricle. C. Nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium on the oral side of soft palate. D. Organ component layer of skin, each instance of which is the thickened epidermis underneath the free distal end of some nail.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cerebral ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275917 1_1_frwkzkr9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'veering wind'?","A. 1. A sudden, brief increase in the speed of the wind. It is of a more transient character than a squall and is followed by a lull or slackening in the wind speed. Generally, winds are least gusty over large water surfaces and most gusty over rough land and near high buildings. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 s. 2. With respect to aircraft turbulence, a sharp change in wind speed relative to the aircraft; a sudden increase in airspeed due to fluctuations in the airflow, resulting in increased structural stresses upon the aircraft. 3. (Rare.) Same as cloudburst. B. Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. C. A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges. D. In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that rotates in a clockwise direction with increasing height; the opposite of backing wind.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,veering wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/VeeringWind 1_1_0386loat,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agnosia'?","A. A communication disorder that is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. B. A disorder characterized by an individual's inability to comprehend or share ideas or feelings because of an impairment in language, speech, or hearing. C. An agnosia that is a deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions. D. A communication disorder that involves difficulty with the act of speech production.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,agnosia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4090 1_1_zb8mnu94,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Relative seed Phytosterol content - Computation'?","A. Surface is determined by the experimental design B. The percentual proportions of individual Sterols derived from MO_008 were calculated from the concentrations with regard to the total amount of sterols C. Density of lateral roots (LRD) occuring along the primary root were calculated by dividing lateral root number (LRN) by primary root length (PRL). Lateral root number (LRN) and primary root length (PRL) were previously derived from image analysis based - measurements from RR2D. (MO_001) D. Seed protein content is calulated as a product of seed yield (SY) and protein content (expressed as a fraction) in seeds (Pr)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Relative seed Phytosterol content - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_348:3100009 1_1_nfkm4vfi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'RNASET2-deficient cystic leukoencephalopathy'?","A. A leukodystrophy that is characterized by non-progressive leukoencephalopathy, bilateral cysts in the anterior part of the temporal lobe, cerebral white matter anomalies and severe psychomotor impairment. B. A leukodystrophy that is characterized by progressive dementia, apraxia, apathy, impaired balance, parkinsonism, spasticity and epilepsy and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CSF1R gene on chromosome 5q32. C. A leukodystrophy that is characterized by central nervous system demyelination, leading to autonomic dysfunction, ataxia and mild cognitive impairment. D. A leukodystrophy characterized by variable neurologic features resulting from deficiency in astrocyte maturation, including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, and cognitive impairment associated with white matter lesions on brain imaging with onset from early infancy to adulthood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,RNASET2-deficient cystic leukoencephalopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081007 1_1_6wqf96b4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of nervous system'?","A. Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attack their own red blood cells and platelets. B. A primary or metastatic malignant tumor involving the prostate gland. C. An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow; no remission D. cancerous tumors within parts of the nervous system",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of nervous system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000609 1_1_r4u9pd3n,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic segment organ'?","A. An organ or element that is part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region. B. A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. C. An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. D. An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,thoracic segment organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005181 1_1_sw0jd76l,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary phloem sieve tube element'?","A. A sieve element that is part of a sieve tube and has as parts sieve areas aggregated into sieve plates . B. A sieve tube element that is part of a portion of primary phloem . C. A sieve element that is part of a portion of secondary phloem . D. A sieve tube element that is part of a portion of secondary phloem .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,secondary phloem sieve tube element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025457 1_1_uht2z9bj,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amyloid-beta'?","A. An N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate that is the N-acetyl derivative of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. It is a component of the aminosugar metabolism. B. An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. C. The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from peroxynitrous acid. D. A peptide of 36-43 amino acids that is processed from the amyloid precursor protein. Appears to be the main constituent of amyloid plaques (deposits found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,amyloid-beta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64645 1_1_z5lw2hlv,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry herb atomiser'?","A. A product that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. B. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette as a combination of a container for e-liquid, an atomiser and systems for controlling the atomiser connected together into a single component. C. A product that is design to be part of a vaping device to heat a cannabis product to produce a vapour for inhalation. D. A product that is made of tobacco or has tobacco as a part and is used by people to take some tobacco constituent into the body.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dry herb atomiser,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000895 1_1_vtgtknxd,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (human)'?","A. A SLAM family member 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A C-C chemokine receptor type 6 that is encoded in the genome of human. C. An interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A forkhead box protein P3 that is encoded in the genome of human.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P16871 1_1_qnlcl011,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemical plant or system operator'?","A. Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu. B. Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks. C. Set up, operate, or tend paper goods machines that perform a variety of functions, such as converting, sawing, corrugating, banding, wrapping, boxing, stitching, forming, or sealing paper or paperboard sheets into products. D. Control or operate entire chemical processes or system of machines.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,chemical plant or system operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51809100 1_1_f91z380q,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm DP of breast'?","A. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. B. A malignancy of mature plasma cells engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. C. Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attack their own red blood cells and platelets. D. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malignant neoplasm DP of breast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000333 1_1_r85d9zoa,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hands-free clitoral vibrator'?","A. A vibrator designed to externally stimulate a person's clitoris for sexual pleasure and orgasm. B. A clitoral vibrator which does not require being held while in use. Instead, it is typically held in place using straps or a harness. C. A clitoral vibrator which needs to be held while functioning. D. Transmission of emotions, ideas, and attitudes between individuals in ways other than the spoken language.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,hands-free clitoral vibrator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005103 1_1_tred12rd,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenchyme of hindgut'?","A. The primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing limbs, autopods and digits, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to limb connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with myotome cells. B. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. C. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing tongue [Automatically generated definition]. D. Mesenchyme that is part of a foregut-midgut junction.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesenchyme of hindgut,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009503 1_1_4fksuuv9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethyl linolenate'?","A. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of linolenic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. B. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. C. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (13Z)-icosenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. D. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (11Z)-docosenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ethyl linolenate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84851 1_1_2x1iwqp7,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'valdecoxib'?","A. A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 3 and by a p-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl group at position 4. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was used from 1999 to 2004 for the treatment of ostoarthritis, but was withdrawn following concerns about an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke. B. A member of the class of isoxazoles that is isoxazole which is substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by phenyl, p-sulfamoylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor, it used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of arthritis from 2001 until 2005, when it was withdrawn following concerns of an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke. C. An ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur. D. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,valdecoxib,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63634 1_1_ofz336b6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'narirutin'?","A. A complex glycopeptide antibiotic that is isolated from Amycolatopsis orientalis. B. An acyclic diterpene glycoside consisting of a 20-hydroxygeranyllinalool skeleton conjugated to two disaccharide units at C-3 and C-20. C. A triterpenoid saponin that is 3beta,16beta,28-trihydroxyolean-12-ene substituted by a beta-benzoyloxy group at position 22 and a 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl group at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Glochidion eriocarpum, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. D. A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,narirutin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28705 1_1_ij074wgu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Back of neck'?","A. subdivision of neck, each instance of which is demarcated from the back of neck by the prevertebral fascia; it has as its constitutional part some complete set of cervical vertebral bodies (C1-C7) and anatomical entities located anterior to them; together with the back of the neck, it constitutes the neck. Examples: There is only one front of neck. B. subdivision of neck, each instance of which is demarcated from the front of the neck by the prevertebral fascia; it has as its constitutional part some complete set of cervical vertebral arches (C1-C7); together with the front of the neck, it constitutes the neck. Examples: There is only one back of neck. C. Myocardium of region of heart which consists of the left and middle strata of interventricular septum and is continuous with the myocardium of free wall of left ventricle. D. subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which is a regional part of some neck. Examples: front of neck, back of neck, throat.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Back of neck,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24189 1_1_ou5lx4qs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autophagy of mitochondrion'?","A. The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. B. Any Alzheimer disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ADAM10 gene. C. The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy. D. The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,autophagy of mitochondrion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000422 1_1_zavk5htm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flowering time'?","A. Days to maturity from planting date B. Flowering time C. Days to maturity variability D. Timing of maturity, when the bracts become yellow and brown",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flowering time,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000015 1_1_cg1hktdu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior pole of kidney'?","A. Zone of kidney located at its inferior end. Examples: There is only one inferior pole of kidney. B. Cell part cluster consisting predominantly of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord. C. Palpebral fissure line bounded by right endocanthion and right exocanthion. D. Zone of kidney located at its superior end. Examples: There is only one superior pole of kidney.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior pole of kidney,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15605 1_1_ipee1aup,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'continental rift'?","A. A rift is a place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart[1] and is an example of extensional tectonics. [Wikipedia] B. A long, narrow fissure in the Earth marking a zone of the lithosphere that has become thinner due to extensional forces associated with plate teconics. Continental rifts are thousands of kilometers in length and hundreds of kilometers in width, and they are associated with normal faults and with grabens. [FreeDictionary] C. General term for winds characterized by intense heat and low relative humidity, such as summertime desert winds or an extreme foehn. D. In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,continental rift,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolContinental/ContinentalRift 1_1_oe2kgkj7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'glucosyl-heptosyl-(phosphoheptosyl)2-(KDO)2-lipid A'?","A. A lipid A where the free primary hydroxy group of lipid A has a branched octasaccharide attached. B. A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 13-hydroxyingenol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 13 and 20 are esterified by 2,3-dimethylbutyric acid, lauric acid and palmitic acid. Isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansui, it exhibits anti-cancerous activity. C. A lipid A where the free primary hydroxy group of lipid A has a branched hexasaccharide attached. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphosulfocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,glucosyl-heptosyl-(phosphoheptosyl)2-(KDO)2-lipid A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62202 1_1_vjn5ragt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid'?","A. One of the teichoic acids found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. B. A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid. C. A teichoic acid consisting of 2-O-L-alanyl-4-O-substituted-D-ribitol units connected via 1->5 phosphodiester linkages. D. One of the teichoic acids found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) teichoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72456 1_1_o7r4z9wj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'pectinate line'?","A. A roof plate that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. B. The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other). It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion. It receives positional information. Axons of the vestibular nerve synapse in the vestibular nucleus on the lateral floor and wall of the fourth ventricle in the pons and medulla. It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus. [WP,unvetted]. C. The pectinate line (anocutaneous line, dentate line, anorectal junction) is a line which divides the upper 2/3rds and lower 1/3rd of the anal canal. Developmentally, this line represents the hindgut-proctodeum junction. It is an important anatomical landmark, and several distinctions can be made based upon the location of a structure relative to this line:. D. A gland that is part of an anal canal [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,pectinate line,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006574 1_1_c93x9xjw,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'peroxynitrite'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. B. A peptide of 36-43 amino acids that is processed from the amyloid precursor protein. Appears to be the main constituent of amyloid plaques (deposits found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients). C. A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position. D. The nitrogen oxoanion formed by loss of a proton from peroxynitrous acid.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,peroxynitrite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25941 1_1_tk9bygck,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'generically dependent continuant'?","A. (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity B. b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c C. It is a 'generically dependent continuant' that is the pattern of a non-atomic 'geological object''s internal arrangement. D. (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share",D,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,generically dependent continuant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031 1_1_25zls5y6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine'?","A. An L-tyrosine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the amino hydrogen by a hydroxy group. B. The N(6)-hydroxy derivative of L-lysine. C. An N-hydroxy-alpha-amino acid bearing a 5-thiahexyl substituent at the 2-position. D. An N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid resulting from the formal N-hydroxylation of the amino group of piperidine-carboxylic acid (pipecolic acid).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N(6)-hydroxy-L-lysine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16570 1_1_6j5wg3gp,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agrexophilia'?","A. Unconventional sexual behavior related primarily to state(s) of an individual or the state(s) of others. B. Sexual arousal from being in public places or an unusual sexual excitement involved in having sex in such an ""exposed"" area. C. Sexual arousal based on the knowledge that others may become aware of the individual or individuals engaging in sexaul intercourse (usually as a result of being overheard). D. Sexual arousal from a person's partner or partners not being able to see for any of various reasons or from having sex in total darkness.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,agrexophilia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009178 1_1_i1n9v7y4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'haze'?","A. Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. B. Particles suspended, reducing visibility by scattering light; often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog. C. A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. D. A type of fog formed when air flows upward over rising terrain and is, consequently, adiabatically cooled to or below its dewpoint.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,haze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/Haze 1_1_tqoerkyw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'trichome tip'?","A. A plant structure that is the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels (gynoecium; PO:0009062) and encloses the plant ovule(s) . B. A plant structure that is the apical most portion of a trichome apex . C. A plant structure that is the apical most portion of a trichome . D. A unicellular or multicellular plant structure that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,trichome tip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025549 1_1_ivgw2efs,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'LI - Computation'?","A. LI (lint index) = (weight_25_boll_lint/(num_seed_per_boll*25))*100 B. The ratio between the number of bacterial blight Xam (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Malvacearum) susceptible plants and the total number of plants C. LP (Lint percent) = 100*(25_boll_lint_weight/25_boll_sample_weight) D. Fiber quality score calculated by weighting selected fiber traits as follows: fiber length (0.45), mic (0.25), UI (0.0), and strength (0.3)",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,LI - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000412 1_1_9xyyxfqn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Statistical tests'?","A. A statistical test is an algorithm for making quantitative decisions to determine which outcomes of a study would lead to a rejection of the null hypothesis for a pre-specified level of significance. B. Technique which predicts a given transcription factor activity and then uses this infor- mation to predict its targets. C. BCRANK is a method that takes a ranked list of genomic regions as input and outputs short DNA sequences that are overrepresented in some part of the list. D. In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation or ODE is an equation containing a function of one independent variable and its derivatives. The term ""ordinary"" is used in contrast with the term partial differential equation which may be with respect to more than one independent variable.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Statistical tests,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000713 1_1_38jogxby,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal-drawn cart'?","A. A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. B. A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. C. A terrestrial ecosystem which has its composition and function determined by an unbroken herbaceous layer - primarily composed of grasses, sedges, or rushes - interspersed with trees or shrubs. D. An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,animal-drawn cart,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000607 1_1_sbrrfvlh,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amitriptyline'?","A. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. B. A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). C. A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. D. An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,amitriptyline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2666 1_1_il5l3x78,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement - Flower size'?","A. Measure the calcium concentration in fresh weight basis and record it B. Measure the magnesium concentration in fresh weight basis and record it C. Measure the beta-carotene concentration of the boiled storage root in dry weight basis and record it D. Measure flower size and record it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Measurement - Flower size,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000445 1_1_yenr1wih,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Quantile regression techniques'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Quantile regression techniques,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000674 1_1_lcsa43b9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Prefrontal vein'?","A. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the medial and superolateral region of some cerebral hemispheres and empties into some superior sagittal sinus. B. Superior cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the prefrontal area of some cerebral cortex. C. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a a tributary of some coronary sinus situated in some posterior longitudinal sulcus that collects blood from the diaphragmatic region of some right and left ventricles D. Internal capsule is an organ subdivision of the telencephalon which is made up primarily of myelinated axonal neural tissue (white matter). The internal capsule is a major set of fiber bundles lateral to the thalamus and caudate nucleus and medial to the putamen and globus pallidus. It projects dorsally to the white matter underlying the cerebral cortex.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Prefrontal vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma51101 1_1_6uu47noq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac gastric gland'?","A. A gastric gland in the cardiac region of the stomach; cardiac glands are fewer in number than in the fundus and body, and secrete mucin which coats the stomach and protects it[MP]. B. Any of the branched tubular glands in the mucosa of the fundus and body of the stomach that secrete most of the digestive substances secreted by the stomach. C. The palatine glands form a continuous layer on its posterior surface and around the uvula. They are primarily mucous secreting glands, as opposed to serous or mixed secreting glands. [WP,unvetted]. D. Any of the small paired racemose glands below the apex of the prostate in males, located posterolateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch, and enclosed by transverse fibers of the sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle; homologous to the greater vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in the female[MP].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardiac gastric gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008859 1_1_en02msue,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'veterinarian'?","A. Assess and diagnose patients with neurobehavioral problems related to acquired or developmental disorders of the nervous system, such as neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, seizure disorders, and learning disabilities. Recommend treatment after diagnosis, such as therapy, medication, or surgery. Assist with evaluation before and after neurosurgical procedures, such as deep brain stimulation. B. Research and study the inheritance of traits at the molecular, organism or population level. May evaluate or treat patients with genetic disorders. C. Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals. D. Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,veterinarian,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29113100 1_1_yzwe7u04,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'medical records specialist'?","A. Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds. B. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force. C. Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders. D. Manage operations at hydroelectric power generation facilities. Maintain and monitor hydroelectric plant equipment for efficient and safe plant operations.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,medical records specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29207200 1_1_yhld46hu,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'derived data from inferential statistical analysis'?","A. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. B. a data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process C. A data item that is derived from an inferential statistical data analysis. D. A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,derived data from inferential statistical analysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000220 1_1_xqpu9ytl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonbinary health'?","A. The concept covering the physical and mental health conditions experienced by nonbinary people, usually related to social disadvantages or discriminatory acts. B. The concept covering the physical and mental health conditions experienced by transfeminine people (including transgender women), usually related to social disadvantages or discriminatory acts. C. The concept covering the physical and mental health conditions experienced by transgender people, usually related to social disadvantages or discriminatory acts. D. The concept covering the physical and mental health conditions experienced by transmasculine people (including transgender men), usually related to social disadvantages or discriminatory acts.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,nonbinary health,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009844 1_1_b8i6fs6m,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'trunk'?","A. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. B. Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. C. The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. D. Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,trunk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002100 1_1_u2dgvgrs,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Remaking'?","A. When a local act applies in the local legal system normative supra-ordered such as when a region applies an EU directive or a decree it applies the normative contant in some act B. Interpretation in context of the European Union C. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 D. When an act is completely rewritten in a new way but the topic remains the same.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Remaking,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Remaking 1_1_jkcvtadx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'opioid peptide activity'?","A. The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process. B. Interacting with a death receptor such that the proportion of death receptors in an active form is increased. Ligand binding to a death receptor often induces a conformational change to activate the receptor. C. The activity of a pathogen-derived entity that interacts with a host receptor to activate effector-triggered immunity. D. Naturally occurring peptide that is an opioid (any non-alkaloid having an opiate-like effect that can be reversed by naloxone or other recognized morphine antagonist). These include Leu- and Met-enkephalin, dynorphin and neoendorphin, alpha, beta, gamma and delta endorphins formed from beta-lipotropin, various pronase-resistant peptides such as beta casamorphin, and other peptides whose opiate-like action seems to be indirect.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,opioid peptide activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001515 1_1_1mb9c96c,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of secondary branches - Method'?","A. Number of branches that arise from primary branches B. Count the number of seeds present in a pod C. Count the number of pods on a plant D. Days required from planting to open first flower on a plant",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of secondary branches - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_341:0000019 1_1_7l0mjf13,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Propagation of uncertainty in microarray analysis'?","A. KS measures how biased the ranks of a subset of items are among the ranks of the entire set B. A statistical test is an algorithm for making quantitative decisions to determine which outcomes of a study would lead to a rejection of the null hypothesis for a pre-specified level of significance. C. Included are summarisation, differential expression detection, clustering and PCA methods, together with useful plotting and data manipulation functions D. non-linear functional regression model with both additive and multiplicative error terms",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Propagation of uncertainty in microarray analysis,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000323 1_1_l0y30liw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'thermoluminescence'?","A. Glows when heated B. The sporadic radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over the middle and high latitudes. C. Fluorescence is a luminescence that is mostly found as an optical phenomenon in cold bodies, in which the molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of another photon with a longer wavelength. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons ends up as molecular vibrations or heat. Usually the absorbed photon is in the ultraviolet range, and the emitted light is in the visible range, but this depends on the absorbance curve and Stokes shift of the particular fluorophore. Fluorescence is named after the mineral fluorite, composed of calcium fluoride, which often exhibits this phenomenon. D. Glows when struck",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,thermoluminescence,http://sweetontology.net/procChemical/Thermoluminescence 1_1_j6e82fan,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'interviewer, except eligibility or loan'?","A. Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. B. Plan and erect commercial displays, such as those in windows and interiors of retail stores and at trade exhibitions. C. Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing form. May sort, classify, and file forms. D. Set up and operate machines, such as lathes, milling and engraving machines, and jig borers to make working models of metal or plastic objects. Includes template makers.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"interviewer, except eligibility or loan",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43411100 1_1_fgq515ha,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'alkaloid catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,alkaloid catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009822 1_1_83fz0sov,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Curved proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger'?","A. Dissolution or degeneration of bone tissue of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger. B. Increased width of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger. C. Curved appearance of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger. D. Presence of an additional phalanx-like bone, producing an extra, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the proximal phalanx of the second finger.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Curved proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009583 1_1_xhceh4zn,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Obligation'?","A. Permission allows propositions, to which therefore the predication Allowed applies. The thing(s) allowed is/are a subset of the thing(s) qualified by the permission. If S then P(A) means that S is qualified and S and A is allowed. B. See prohibition C. Prohibition obliges/allows thing(s), to which therefore the predication Obliged applies, and disallows thing(s), to which therefore the predication Disallowed applies. The union of the thing(s) allowed and the thing(s) disallowed is qualified by the prohibition. The things allowed and disallowed by the prohibition are disjoint (and completely partition the space of things qualified). If S then O(A) means that S is qualified, S and A is obliged/allowed, and S and not A is disallowed. If S then F(A) means that S is qualified, S and A is disallowed, and S and not A is obliged/allowed. The difference between Obligation and Prohibition is in which part of the partition of the qualified space is explicitly described by the normative statement. Alternative label: directive D. Is allowed by an Obligation, i.e. the alternative is strictly_worse according to the Obligation. Alternative labels: directed, commanded.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Obligation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Obligation 1_1_bmmd3ecf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol outlet density'?","A. A data item that is about the number of alcohol outlets per unit area within a geographical location. B. A data item which is about the amount of money spent per week on e-cigarettes. C. A data item which indicates the number of number of cigarettes less per day a person has smoked since the last time data was collected. D. A data item which is about the amount of cigarette smoking a person does and is the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by a person over a period.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol outlet density,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001150 1_1_i5yqmryd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agricultural technician'?","A. Work below surface of water, using surface-supplied air or scuba equipment to inspect, repair, remove, or install equipment and structures. May use a variety of power and hand tools, such as drills, sledgehammers, torches, and welding equipment. May conduct tests or experiments, rig explosives, or photograph structures or marine life. B. Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, and record amounts and dosages of medications according to prescription orders. C. Work with agricultural scientists in plant, fiber, and animal research, or assist with animal breeding and nutrition. Set up or maintain laboratory equipment and collect samples from crops or animals. Prepare specimens or record data to assist scientists in biology or related life science experiments. Conduct tests and experiments to improve yield and quality of crops or to increase the resistance of plants and animals to disease or insects. D. Construct, maintain, or repair medical supportive devices such as braces, orthotics and prosthetic devices, joints, arch supports, and other surgical and medical appliances.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,agricultural technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19401200 1_1_16w6r6y3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'waiter or waitress'?","A. Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment. B. Handle baggage for travelers at transportation terminals or for guests at hotels or similar establishments. C. Place and detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials. May perform specialized handling, storage, and accounting procedures. D. Operate or tend machines to wash or clean products, such as barrels or kegs, glass items, tin plate, food, pulp, coal, plastic, or rubber, to remove impurities.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,waiter or waitress,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35303100 1_1_ymnncvea,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'validation engineer'?","A. Provide and manage health education programs that help individuals, families, and their communities maximize and maintain healthy lifestyles. Use data to identify community needs prior to planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May link health systems, health providers, insurers, and patients to address individual and population health needs. May serve as resource to assist individuals, other health professionals, or the community, and may administer fiscal resources for health education programs. B. Design or plan protocols for equipment or processes to produce products meeting internal and external purity, safety, and quality requirements. C. Gather, analyze, or evaluate information from a variety of sources, such as law enforcement databases, surveillance, intelligence networks or geographic information systems. Use intelligence data to anticipate and prevent organized crime activities, such as terrorism. D. Recruit, screen, interview, or place individuals within an organization. May perform other activities in multiple human resources areas.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,validation engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17211202 1_1_1ut4z3u6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044562 1_1_nb1k8qfl,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pneumothorax and air leak'?","A. There are three types of pleural disorders—pleurisy, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax—and they have varying causes. B. The most frequent air leak, called a pneumothorax, is when the air collects between the lung and the chest wall. C. increased amounts of fluid between the thin layers of tissue lining the lung and wall of the chest cavity D. Pleural plaques are deposits of hyalinized collagen fibers in the parietal pleura.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pneumothorax and air leak,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000199 1_1_zgfzqt74,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panicles dry weight'?","A. Panicles dry weight B. Main shoot panicle fresh weight C. Stem biomass dry matter content. D. The stem biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Panicles dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000778 1_1_luuceteu,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sequence Flow'?","A. A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process. B. Signal, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Message, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, Task, and Message Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2) D. Complex Gateway",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Sequence Flow,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#sequence_flow 1_1_r3ps5yvm,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marsh'?","A. A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. B. A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). C. A wetland ecosystem in which soil is saturated with saline water. D. An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marsh,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000035 1_1_iyukp0hr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper back skin'?","A. A zone of skin that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. B. A zone of skin that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition]. C. A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. D. A zone of skin that is part of a dorsal thoracic segment of trunk.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,upper back skin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009015 1_1_axgsvh8p,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'medullary thymic epithelial cell type 1'?","A. A thymic medullary epithelial cell that expresses typical tuft cell markers instead of classical mTEC or cTEC markers. This population has a bulbous-like structure. B. A tuft cell that is part of the medullary epithelium of the thymus, characterized by lateral microvilli and specific markers, including L1CAM in both mice (Zhang et al., 2022) and humans (Sun et al., 2023), as well as MHC II in mice (Kotas et al., 2023). This cell is pivotal in immune functions such as antigen presentation, central tolerance, and type 2 immunity. A tuft cell in the thymus exhibits characteristics of both a medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) and a peripheral tuft cell. Its development is governed by transcription factors such as POU2F3. C. A thymic medullary epithelial cell considered to be a pre-AIRE mTEC population. D. A thymic medullary epithelial cell that expresses neuroendocrine biomarkers.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,medullary thymic epithelial cell type 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009071 1_1_shleesvt,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'foramen spinosum of sphenoid bone'?","A. The temporal process of the zygomatic bone, directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the lower a part of the infratemporal fossa. Near the center of this surface is the zygomaticotemporal foramen for the transmission of the zygomaticotemporal nerve. B. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO]. C. A foramen in the sphenoid bone through which the middle meningeal artery, middle meningeal vein, and the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve pass. D. Any of the the series of transverse folds (ridges) of the mucosa located on the anterior third part of the secondary (hard) palate of most mammalian species.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,foramen spinosum of sphenoid bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016492 1_1_q1ri1b6a,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'anger'?","A. Disappointment is a negative emotion which is triggered by the disconfirmation of the prospect of a desirable event. [Source: OCEAS] B. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence. D. A negative emotion is an emotion that has a negative valence.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,anger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000009 1_1_g0fxtuda,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Participant'?","A. Inclusive Gateway B. Message, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, Task, and Message Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2) C. Exclusive Gateway D. Participant, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Pool, Message, and Web service, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Participant,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#participant 1_1_sumh0wt4,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type Creation'?","A. This class comprises activities formally defining new types of items. It is typically a rigorous scholarly or scientific process that ensures a type is exhaustively described and appropriately named. In some cases, particularly in archaeology and the life sciences, E83 Type Creation requires the identification of an exemplary specimen and the publication of the type definition in an appropriate scholarly forum. The activity modelled as an instance of E83 Type Creation is central to research in the life sciences, where a type would be referred to as a “taxon,” the type description as a “protologue,” and the exemplary specimens as “original element” or “holotype”.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises discrete, identifiable human-made items that are documented as single units. These items are either intellectual products or human-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may, for instance, have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being increased, enlarged, or augmented by the addition of a part. Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated instance of E78 Curated Holding. Both the E18 Physical Thing being augmented and the E18 Physical Thing that is being added are treated as separate identifiable wholes prior to the instance of E79 Part Addition. Following the addition of parts, the resulting assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artefacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Curated Holding over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E83 Type Creation,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E83_Type_Creation 1_1_f2p1dwbz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater'?","A. A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). B. The concentration of samarium when measured in water ice. C. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. D. The concentration of europium when measured in lake water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_04000006 1_1_xnh2ec8p,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral naltrexone'?","A. Naltrexone that is consumed via the mouth. B. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, that is composed of dried tobacco and made into a fine powder. D. Treatment of addiction that either a drug user or a person with a drug problem is compelled to undergo by a legal authority in the jurisdiction in which they reside.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oral naltrexone,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000759 1_1_0vqho9bw,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron. B. Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros. C. Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros. D. Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in mesonephric nephron morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061296 1_1_6u4ot8tr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual orientation'?","A. A personal attribute that is the pattern of a person's emotional, romantic and/or sexual attractions. B. A personal attribute that could lead to a competing interest. C. A personal attribute of a tobacco smoker that is how much of the person's tobacco smoking takes places in the presence of other people who are smoking. D. A personal attribute that is a person's ability to carry out activities needed to thrive and their mental well-being.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,sexual orientation,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_015003 1_1_b15zfwo8,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem rust infection type'?","A. Loose smut severity. B. Leaf blotch and crown rot severity. C. Oat mosaic virus severity. D. A qualitative analysis of the type of stem rust symptoms that are exhibited.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem rust infection type,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000111 1_1_7hil7dda,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial Alzheimer disease'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with mutations in the gene TREM2. B. A degenerative disease of the brain that causes gradual loss of memory, judgment, and the ability to function socially. About 25% of all Alzheimer disease is familial (more than 2 people in a family have AD). When Alzheimer disease begins before 60 or 65 years of age (early-onset AD) about 60% of the cases are familial (also known as Early-onset familial AD). These cases appear to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an association of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. D. A stage of Alzheimer's disease where symptoms appear such as concern regarding a change in cognition (raised either by the patient himself/herself or by an informant who knows the patient well), impairment in one or more cognitive domains, preservation of independence in functional abilities and other non-demented symptoms.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,familial Alzheimer disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100087 1_1_hoyvoimu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylcholine O-36:3'?","A. An alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 40 carbons and 4 double bonds. B. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 36 carbons and 3 double bonds. C. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 44 carbons and 3 double bonds. D. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 38 carbons and 5 double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylcholine O-36:3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64537 1_1_zrbwcq30,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'puff on a cigarette'?","A. An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced by a person from the lighting of a combustible tobacco product, it is inhaled by the person and exhaled into the environment. B. A tobacco smoking behaviour that involves setting light to one end of a cigarette, putting the other end to the lips and sucking in order to ingest cigarette smoke. C. A cigarette smoking behaviour that involves sucking smoke through the cylinder of a cigarette into the mouth via the other end. D. A personal attribute that in which the person is putting into effect an intention to achieve cessation of a behaviour pattern.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,puff on a cigarette,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000647 1_1_ac6s3vqv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostate gland'?","A. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. B. Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. C. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. D. The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion).",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,prostate gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002367 1_1_hckt5kv2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit muscle'?","A. A type of angiokeratoma that typically presents in childhood as a large, mostly linear and unilateral hyperkeratotic plaque which is composed of confluent keratotic papules. The size ranges from a few centimeters up to a major part of the body surface. Initially the lesions present as multiple reddish macules, clinically similar to a nevus flammeus. Within several years they develop into acanthokeratotic papules that agrregate into plaques which may have a hyperkeratotic surface. B. Any of the intrinsic muscles of the manus (hand). C. Any muscle organ that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. D. Any muscle organ that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,manual digit muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003664 1_1_cg1xl7zb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Usage unrestricted'?","A. Usage restricted is a usage clause which places restrictions on how the licensed resource may be used. These restrictions will vary according to the individual license. B. A usage clause is a license clause which states the restrictions placed on how the licensed resource may be used. The license for a resource may restrict how the licensee may use the software. If such access is allowed, usage may be restricted in a variety of ways. C. Usage unrestricted is a usage clause which places no restrictions on how the licensed resource may be used. D. Affymetrix® Microarray Suite (MAS) is the core software product in the Affymetrix Software System providing instrument control, data acquisition, and data analysis for the entire GeneChip® platform.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Usage unrestricted,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000030 1_1_zkliglx6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'chloronema meristematic apical cell'?","A. A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a chloronema. B. A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a caulonema. C. A portion of chlorenchyma tissue that develops directly from a spore and grows by division of an apical cell to form filaments that are one cell wide and dichotomously branching. D. A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a protonema.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,chloronema meristematic apical cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030082 1_1_dytk8bbn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial meningioma'?","A. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. B. A meningioma that is characterized by the predominance of tissues that are histologically similar to chordoma. C. A meningioma that arises within the cranial cavity. D. A meningioma that affects the supratentorial brain.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial meningioma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4586 1_1_8ys7l6ow,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'hot wind'?","A. In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that rotates in a clockwise direction with increasing height; the opposite of backing wind. B. General term for winds characterized by intense heat and low relative humidity, such as summertime desert winds or an extreme foehn. C. Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. D. A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,hot wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/HotWind 1_1_v72vsu6d,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter'?","A. Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription. B. OBSOLETE. Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. C. Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cellular DNA-templated transcription. D. OBSOLETE. Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,regulation of mating-type specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001196 1_1_excgsadh,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Creation'?","A. A speech act (or illocutionary act) creates some propositional attitude which qualifies an expression (which by default is mediated through some medium). The actor of the speech act is the utterer of the atitude (NB cannot be expressed in OWL DL). B. An act which results in the creation of some entity/individual C. An evaluative attitude expresses e.g. a judgment. The proposition qualified by the evaluative attitude is comparable to something else. D. A (non logical) proposition is a proposition qualified by a propositional attitude. NB: The proposition used here does not correspond to a proposition in proposition logics.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Creation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/action.owl#Creation 1_1_jp3103el,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of proteolysis'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of proteolysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030162 1_1_fok819eg,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Achene stripe position class'?","A. Percentage of plants that are fully branched at stages r5-r9 B. Observe the plant susceptibility to herbicide, and rate it from tolerant/resistant to susceptible. C. Achene stripe position D. Achene pigmentation anthocyanin presence",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Achene stripe position class,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000471 1_1_rqcduev1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia of the pyramids of the medulla oblongata'?","A. Decreased amount of leucine in the blood. B. Congenital absence of the pyramids, that is, of the paired structures located at the medial aspect of the ventral medulla that flank the anterior median fissure. C. An abnormality of the medulla oblongata, the lower half of the brainstem. D. Degeneration of the olivary bodies, prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia of the pyramids of the medulla oblongata,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034973 1_1_cj5459tw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other impaction of intestine'?","A. Enterocolitis or coloenteritis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. B. any health problem that occurs in the digestive tract. C. An enterolith is a mineral concretion or calculus formed anywhere in the gastrointestinal system. D. A disorder characterized by acute inflammation to the vermiform appendix caused by a pathogenic agent.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Other impaction of intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000055 1_1_uhosr1f8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Talipes equinovalgus'?","A. Talipes equinovarus (also called clubfoot) typically has four main components: inversion and adduction of the forefoot; inversion of the heel and hindfoot; equinus (limitation of extension) of the ankle and subtalar joint; and internal rotation of the leg. B. A congenital deformity characterized by a dorsiflexed, inverted, and adducted foot, i.e., a combination of talipes calcaneus and talipes varus. C. Talipes calcaneovalgus is a flexible foot deformity (as opposed to a rigid congenital vertical talus foot deformity) that can either present as a positional or structural foot deformity depending on severity and/or causality. The axis of calcaneovalgus deformity is in the tibiotalar joint, where the foot is positioned in extreme hyperextension. On inspection, the foot has an ""up and out"" appearance, with the dorsal forefoot practically touching the anterior aspect of the ankle and lower leg. D. A deformity of foot and ankle in which the foot is bent down and outwards.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Talipes equinovalgus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001772 1_1_xl2y20q4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'foehn'?","A. A warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range. B. Most widely used in mountain meteorology to denote a downslope flow driven by cooling at the slope surface during periods of light larger-scale winds; the nocturnal component of the along-slope wind systems. C. An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. D. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,foehn,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Foehn 1_1_7n4pkvvz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-ND 3.0'?","A. CC BY-NC 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, use the work for non-commercial purposes, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. B. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. C. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. D. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY-NC-ND 3.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000081 1_1_tgnyi9nx,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'abnormal homeostasis'?","A. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process B. An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. C. Homeostasis that is clinically abnormal for an organism of a given type and age in a given environment. D. Homeostasis of a type that is not clinically abnormal.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,abnormal homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000037 1_1_6fk8vjbv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'symbiont-mediated perturbation of host NF-kappaB cascade'?","A. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts an NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. B. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. D. A process in which a symbiont interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a host signal transduction pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,symbiont-mediated perturbation of host NF-kappaB cascade,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0085032 1_1_vxz72wm3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'naltrexone'?","A. Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution. B. A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. C. A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. D. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,naltrexone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7465 1_1_bmtizx8n,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'research misconduct'?","A. Violation of laws, regulations, or professional standards. B. Intentional falsification of scientific data by presentation of fraudulent or incomplete or uncorroborated findings as scientific fact. C. A type of treatment that uses substances derived from or made by living organisms to treat disease; this includes both naturally occurring and synthetic products. D. Misconduct in relationship to the processes of research, including, but not limited to: fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,research misconduct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011469 1_1_z4ncpypt,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mineral content - Measurement'?","A. Direct measurement of the wet weight of the entire plot B. Ionomics facility, Donald Danforth Center C. Direct measurement of the dry weight of all sampled 1cm subplots D. Done by New Jersey Feed Labs",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Mineral content - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_360:0000200 1_1_sbv149uo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by preaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet and hypoplasia or aplasia of the tibia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SHH regulatory region (ZRS) located in intron 5 of the LMBR1 gene on chromosome 7q36.3. B. A syndrome that is characterized by severe hydranencephaly with almost complete absence of the cerebral hemispheres, which are replaced by fluid, relative preservation of the posterior fossa structures, and renal dysplasia or agenesis and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive homozygous mutation in the CEP55 gene on chromosome 10q23. C. A syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, severe intellectual disability, seizures, and spasticity with males showing a severe phenotype and females showing a mild or non-affected phenotype that has_material_basis_in mutation in ARX on chromosome Xp21.3. D. A syndrome characterized by retinitis pigmentosa and recurrent respiratory infections with nasal ciliary abnormalities and hearing loss in some patients that has_material_basis_in mutation in the RPGR gene on chromosome Xp11.4.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112151 1_1_23pcxurd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'menstrual pain'?","A. Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin. B. Scientific journals which cover sociological topics. C. Pain related to the process of menstruation. D. Any of various mainline Protestant movements or religions which aims to bring about closer relationships among their churches and promote Christian unity.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,menstrual pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001367 1_1_uy9pezyc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'vein'?","A. A thin sheet compositionally distinct from the surrounding material, related to primary genesis of rock, e.g. sedimentary layers, metamorphic segregation. B. Thin sheet of material intruded into the rock. May be hydrothermal, magmatic, or sedimentary. C. Constituent occurs in a structural configuration integral to the rock, such as layering, veinlets, overgrowths. The 'material' composition of these parts will often be other rock materials, not minerals, and 'ParticleGeometryDescription' associated with these describes the geometry of the constituent, not the particles the it is made of. These roles are mostly useful for RockMaterial descriptions that apply to individual samples, because their distribution is unlikely to be pervasive enought to be considered characteristic of a large mass of material. D. A cluster of ferromagnesian minerals in an igneous rock, from several centimeters to decimeters in diameter, that may be a segregation or an altered xenolith.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,vein,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Vein 1_1_emriw2kf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'extension event'?","A. Post-glacial rebound (sometimes called continental rebound, isostatic rebound, isostatic adjustment or post-ice-age isostatic recovery) is the rise of land masses that were depressed by the huge weight of ice sheets during the last glacial period, through a process known as isostatic depression. [Wikipedia] B. An extension event occurs when a seismic event causes an extension in the crust. [Wikipedia] C. Plate convergence is the phenomena of two plates moving toward one another. [Wikipedia] D. Orogeny refers to natural mountain building, and may be studied as (a) a tectonic structural event, (b) as a geographical event, and (c) a chronological event. Orogenic events (a) cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, (b) affect certain regions of rocks and crust, and (c) happen within a specific period of time. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,extension event,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolTectonic/ExtensionEvent 1_1_ifyt5gp6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of chromatin binding'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding. B. Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. C. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. D. OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of chromatin binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035562 1_1_oijnwjxm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Overall preference vs local '?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Overall preference vs local ,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_327:0000235 1_1_cp9qsy4a,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete affxparser'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete affxparser,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000452 1_1_v1hp9q2r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber p-coumaric acid concentration'?","A. The p-coumaric acid concentration in tuber B. The specific gravity is an important quality criterion for processing potatoes, it used to estimate the solids or dry matter content of tubers C. The cooking time of the tuber D. The lipophilic antioxidant activity in dry weight basis",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber p-coumaric acid concentration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001142 1_1_0w8srg9s,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right Lisfranc ligament'?","A. Left Lisfranc ligament B. Ligament of tarsometatarsal joint, each instance of which is fibrous band running from lower external surface of some medial cuneiform bone to internal surface of base of some second metatarsal bone. C. Right Lisfranc ligament D. Anatomical set of genes in all the chromosomes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right Lisfranc ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329200 1_1_moz6cbs2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mannosidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages between D-galactose 4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose-2-sulfate in iota-carrageenans. B. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of xyloglucan side chains so as to remove unsubstituted D-xylose residues attached to the glucose located at the non-reducing terminus. C. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of mannosyl compounds, substances containing a group derived from a cyclic form of mannose or a mannose derivative. D. Catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,3-alpha-L-galactosidic linkages in agarose, yielding agarotetraose as the major product.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mannosidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015923 1_1_ovd4aisq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrothermal vent'?","A. The temperature at which motionless saturated air would induce, in a sedentary worker wearing ordinary indoor clothing, the same sensation of comfort as that induced by the actual conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement. Effective temperature is used as a guide in air-conditioning practice, and, on the comfort chart (American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers), it appears as a family of curves that serves as one coordinate in defining comfort zones. B. (Abbreviated MIBL.) An internal boundary layer caused by advection of air across a discontinuity in surface roughness. When the new surface is rougher than the old one, the MIBL depth grows roughly as the 0.8 power of the ratio of the two roughness lengths. In this example, the MIBL grows to include the whole surface layer. C. A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. D. A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,hydrothermal vent,http://sweetontology.net/realmOceanFloor/HydrothermalVent 1_1_i8ksnpn8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'standard pyramidal morphology'?","A. A pyramidal cell morphology that inheres in neurons which lack a clear tuft formation but extend to large radial distances. B. A pyramidal family morphology that inheres in neurons which have a standard pyramidal shape with its apical dendrite aligned vertically. C. A pyramidal family morphology that inheres in neurons which have an apical tree which is oriented parallel to the pia. D. A pyramidal cell morphology that inheres in neurons which lack a tuft formation but extend to small radial distances forming a star-like shape.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,standard pyramidal morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0070017 1_1_lrlabqk7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affxparser'?","A. A collection of software tools for dealing with co-citation data. B. Package manipulating nucleotidic sequences (Embl, Fasta, GenBank) C. The package takes a list of genes and predicts to which KEGG pathway each gene maps to. This is done by looking at the InterPro domains of each gene. Each prediction is assigned a confidence score. The package also allows to predict connected component membership of genes within signaling pathways. Separate models for each organism supported by KEGG can be trained. D. affxparser is a package for parsing Affymetrix files (CDF, CEL, CHP, BPMAP, BAR). It provides methods for fast and memory efficient parsing of Affymetrix files using the Affymetrix' Fusion SDK.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affxparser,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000452 1_1_cc7u65aw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'desert'?","A. A depression which is part of an ice cap. B. A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. C. A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. D. A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,desert,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001357 1_1_e1k5wfqa,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling of want'?","A. A feeling of desire that involves anticipated relief from mental or physical discomfort. B. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions. C. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. D. A feeling of desire that involves anticipated pleasure or satisfaction from an imagined state of affairs.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling of want,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000221 1_1_460rjm1j,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'noradrenaline'?","A. A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. B. Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. C. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. D. A catecholamine in which the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted at C-1 and methylated on nitrogen.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,noradrenaline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33569 1_1_k2paw43a,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Weak anal sphincter tone'?","A. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. B. A disorder of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in which the IAS fails to relax that manifests clinically as intractable constipation. C. A functional anomaly of the anus. D. Reduced muscle tone of the sphincter of the anus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Weak anal sphincter tone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034917 1_1_43oik5c3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior superior renal segment of right kidney'?","A. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental branch of left renal artery. B. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental branch of right renal artery. C. Cribriform area of renal papilla D. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental renal artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior superior renal segment of right kidney,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma17900 1_1_5wro3dmo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anti-GD1a IgG antibody positivity'?","A. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against ganglioside D1a. B. The presence of IgM autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against ganglioside D1a. C. The presence of IgG autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against ganglioside D1a. D. A sex cord that is part of a indifferent gonad.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anti-GD1a IgG antibody positivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034119 1_1_xtsqixnb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-tetradecadienoylcarnitine'?","A. An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is octenoyl. B. An O-acylcarnitine having a hexadecenoyl group with an unspecified double bond as the acyl substituent. C. An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is tetradecadienoyl. D. An O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,O-tetradecadienoylcarnitine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86069 1_1_il7qg2lc,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vissers-Bodmer syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that is characterized by short stature, sparse hair, a bulbous nasal tip and cone-shaped epiphyses (the growing ends of bones), as well as severe generalized shortening of all finger and toe bones (brachydactyly). B. A syndrome that is characterized by global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, speech delay, motor delay, and behavioral abnormalities apparent from infancy and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CNOT1 gene on chromosome 16q21. C. A syndrome characterized by short stature, microcephaly, syndactyly, intellectual disability, pre- and postnatal growth failure, and facial dysmorphism that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CKAP2L gene on chromosome 2q14.1. D. A syndrome that is characterized by leukonychia, wart-like skin growths, palmoplantar keratoderma and hearing loss, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GJB2 gene on chromosome 13q12.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Vissers-Bodmer syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081397 1_1_d8rn78gu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'black shammah'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, herbs and flavourings are mixed to form a fine red powder. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of sun-cured tobacco flakes, thin shavings of areca nut and slaked lime. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa (sodium carbonate) are mixed to form a wet product.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,black shammah,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001000 1_1_5eiz4n7a,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system neuron'?","A. A neuron that releases serotonin as a neurotransmitter. B. Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. C. A neuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter D. The output neuron of the cerebellar cortex.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,central nervous system neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000029 1_1_0lyp3cug,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Euphorie'?","A. An intensely positive emotion and strong feeling of excitement. B. A positive emotion which is experienced in reaction to a positive experience or event. [Source: OCEAS] C. An emotional state that is positively valenced, calm, peaceful and untroubled. D. A very positive emotion accompanied by feelings of exhilaration.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Euphorie,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000046 1_1_t3wu1a1l,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'limma'?","A. Data analysis, linear models and differential expression for microarray data. B. Bayesian models for differential gene expression C. This package takes a list of p-values resulting from the simultaneous testing of many hypotheses and estimates their q-values. The q-value of a test measures the proportion of false positives incurred (called the false discovery rate) when that particular test is called significant. D. seqLogo takes the position weight matrix of a DNA sequence motif and plots the corresponding sequence logo",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,limma,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000593 1_1_kxhwzwl0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'material accumulation process'?","A. Acidification of an aquatic environment is a process whereby the pH of an aquatic environment, biome, or water body is lowered. B. A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. C. An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are either 1) formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions or 2) increase in size through aggregation with other particles. D. An environmental system process during which material entities become entrapped, wrapped, twisted, entwined, or otherwise caught in one another.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,material accumulation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000009 1_1_3oj21f0v,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity'?","A. Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. B. Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases. C. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] = ADP + [eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit] phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2AX-serine (position 139) + ATP = histone H2AX-phosphoserine (position 139) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 139 of histone variant H2AX.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004676 1_1_75s7zbng,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'seismic body wave'?","A. Waves generated by seismic activity. B. Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the lithosphere. Two kinds of body waves exist: P-waves and S-waves. C. S waves are transverse or shear waves, which means that the ground is displaced perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. In the case of horizontally polarized S waves, the ground moves alternately to one side and then the other. S waves can travel only through solids, as fluids (liquids and gases) do not support shear stresses. Their speed is about 60% of that of P waves in a given material. S waves are sometimes called secondary waves, and are several times larger in amplitude than P waves for earthquake sources. D. Seismic waves are phenomena that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,seismic body wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolSeismicity/SeismicBodyWave 1_1_spl70iu3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'investment fund manager'?","A. Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate investment strategy or operations for a large pool of liquid assets supplied by institutional investors or individual investors. D. Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,investment fund manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11303103 1_1_n3qp22gd,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'disgust'?","A. A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable. B. A positive emotion associated with the appraisal of one's positive social worth, a signal that one is likely to be socially accepted. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion that is characterised by a need to get rid of, or distance oneself from, a stimulus that is appraised as repulsing. D. A negative emotion that is aversive and characterised by feelings of threat and impending doom, and by an urge to get out of the situation.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,disgust,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000019 1_1_rvlzb4vr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'incarcerated persons with opioid use disorder'?","A. A role that inheres in some material entity and is realized in some act of appraisal. B. An opioid user who presents with a clinical diagnosis of opioid use disorder. C. A person who has an opioid use disorder who is in prison. D. A psychoactive substance that is used to treat psychosis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,incarcerated persons with opioid use disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001065 1_1_84h5wyjx,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Adobe Illustrator 10'?","A. Adobe Illustrator is a graphics editor for creating and editing vector graphics. B. Functions and classes for de novo prediction of transcription factor binding consensus by heuristic search C. Multi sample aCGH analysis package using kernel convolution D. Preprocessing of Agilent 4x44 array data",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Adobe Illustrator 10,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000024 1_1_zgpfrtsk,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right posterior semilunar fibrous scallop of aortic valve anulus'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the right posterior cusp of aortic valve to the wall of heart. B. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of tricuspid valve together. C. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the right anterior cusp of the pulmonary valve to the wall of heart. D. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of mitral valve together.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right posterior semilunar fibrous scallop of aortic valve anulus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84617 1_1_q9amy52p,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-L-Rhap-(1->-3)-[alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)]-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->6)]-alpha-D-GlcpO[CH2]2NH2'?","A. A glucotriose that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 6 have been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and alpha-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. B. A myricetin O-glucoside that is myricetin with a alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. C. A disaccaride that is alpha-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-glucopyranoside. D. A synthetic alpha-D-glucoside that is a branched decasaccharide derivative consisting of alpha-L-rhamnosyl, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl and alpha-D-glucosyl residues linked sequentially (1->3) and (1->4), to the alpha-D-glucosyl residue at the reducing end are also linked alpha-L-rhamnosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues via (1->3) and (1->6) linkages respectively. An aminoethyl linker from the reducing-end Glc residue allows for efficient conjugation to a carrier protein.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-L-Rhap-(1->-3)-[alpha-L-Rhap-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)]-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->6)]-alpha-D-GlcpO[CH2]2NH2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194305 1_1_5dn8hr87,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bajjar'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for both oral or nasal use, in which fermented, roasted tobacco (sometimes with flavourings) is made into a dry, fine powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bajjar,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001022 1_1_c58s4da3,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Item'?","A. A GameProduct is anything that is for sale inside a game. These can be either normal game items purchased with in-game currency or with real world money. An example of GameProduct could be a consumable health potion bought with real money, a better weapon or some visual improvement (e.g. Hats in Steam). Basically a game product can be anything, a character, an item or an achievement. GameProduct is a subclass of Good Relations: ProductOrService & schema:Product. Since GameProduct is a type of buyable product, it reuses the properties available in the schema and Good Relations, such as currency price, validity of the offer and so on. B. Feature describes an ability or characteristic. For example, a sword could have “damage dealing” ability and a bottle of water could be “potable”. C. InstantaneousEvent class describes an event that happens during the gameplay at a certain moment in time. This can be a player gaining an achievement, killing an enemy or making an in-app purchase. D. A Item portrays any item that exists in a game. The item can either be just visual part of the game or a concrete usable item. As an example an item could be a drinkable potion, a magical sword or just a flower pot.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Item,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Item 1_1_yr01wj7t,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'methyl N-methylanthranilate'?","A. A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. B. A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-methylanthranilic acid with methanol. C. The 6-hydroxy derivative of pseudooxynicotine. D. A quassinoid that is the 3,15-di-O-acetyl derivative of bruceolide. It has been isolated from Brucea javanica and Brucea sumatrana.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,methyl N-methylanthranilate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_142267 1_1_95gdfp6s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'angioedema'?","A. A skin disease characterized by one or more areas of well-demarcated, non-pitting edema of deep subcutaneous tissues. B. A skin disease that is characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules coalescing into orange-red scaly plaques, islands of sparing, and palmoplantar keratoderma. C. A skin disease that is characterized by sudden onset of well defined tender plaques or nodules accompanied by fever, arthralgias, ocular inflammation, headaches and, rarely, oral or genital lesions. D. A skin disease that is characterized by induration of the skin, especially of the neck and upper trunk, has_symptom skin hardening or stiffening, and is associated with infections (especially streptococcal), hematologic malignancies, diabetes, and adverse drug reactions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,angioedema,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1558 1_1_x99lzknv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'viral infection DP, unspecified'?","A. A general term for diseases produced by viruses. B. kidney(s)'s functions are compromised. This will be a short term problem C. a type of common virus that infects humans, typically leading to an upper respiratory infection D. A general term for diseases produced by viruses.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"viral infection DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000322 1_1_q5p4lt7z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Irregular connective tissue'?","A. Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. B. Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. C. Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular collagenous tissue. D. Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Irregular connective tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20107 1_1_1n5a83kf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian erotic film'?","A. A film focusing on lesbians that has an erotic quality that causes the creation of sexual feelings, as well as a philosophical contemplation concerning the aesthetics of sexual desire, sensuality and romantic love. B. Film pertaining especially to lesbians and/or lesbian culture. C. A sex film involving lesbians which does not usually claim any artistic merit. D. The southern and smaller of two main geographical regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being Bosnia. It has never had strictly defined geographical or cultural-historical borders, nor has it ever been defined as an administrative whole in the geopolitical and economic subdivision of Bosnia and Herzegovina.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lesbian erotic film,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000608 1_1_0514r8yy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Back of thorax'?","A. subdivision of back, each instance of which has as its constitutional part sacrum and anatomical entities located posterior to them; together with back of thorax and back of abdomen constitutes the back. Examples: There is only one back of pelvis. B. subdivision of trunk, each instance of which is a regional part of back. Examples: back of thorax, back of abdomen, lateral half of back. C. subdivision of back, each instance of which has as its constitutional part some complete set of vertebral arches (T1-T12) and anatomical entities located posterior to them; together with back of abdomen and back of pelvis constitutes the back. Examples: There is only one back of thorax. D. subdivision of back each instance of which has as its constitutional part some complete set of vertebral arches (L1-L5) and anatomical entities located posterior to them; together with back of thorax and back of pelvis constitutes the back. Examples: There is only one back of abdomen.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Back of thorax,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24217 1_1_wczu9g02,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nortriptyline'?","A. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active. B. An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. C. An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. D. Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nortriptyline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7640 1_1_fs6diqhx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ubiquitin activating enzyme activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: E1 + ubiquitin + ATP--> E1-ubiquitin + AMP + PPi, where the E1-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond between the C-terminal glycine of Ub and a sulfhydryl side group of an E1 cysteine residue. This is the first step in a cascade of reactions in which ubiquitin is ultimately added to a protein substrate. B. Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier APG8, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond. C. Catalysis of the activation of small proteins, such as ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond. D. Catalysis of the activation of the small ubiquitin-related modifier FAT10, through the formation of an ATP-dependent high-energy thiolester bond.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ubiquitin activating enzyme activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004839 1_1_ppyc763c,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arcuate vein medial/intimal coagulative necrosis'?","A. A type of arcuate vein medial/intimal necrosis in which the dead (necrotic) tissue breaks down such that cellular detail is no longer recognized. B. The covalent attachment and further modification of carbohydrate residues to a substrate molecule. C. Cell death (necrosis) of the inner or middle layer of the arcuate veins of the kidney. D. A type of arcuate vein medial/intimal necrosis in which the dead (necrotic) tissue retains the outlines of the dead structures.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Arcuate vein medial/intimal coagulative necrosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033943 1_1_oj46z9pf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'syndecan-1'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human SDC1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein with a core domain architecture consisting of an extracellular domain containing two copies of the Immunoglobulin domain (Pfam:PF00047), followed by a single-pass transmembrane region and a small intracellular domain. The active protein is a low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin gamma chain Fc region. Human II-a, II-b, and II-c represent a recent gene expansion and are equally related to mouse II, III, and IV. Human III-A and III-B are closely related and closer to mouse IV than to mouse III. C. A protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ren1 or Ren2 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. D. A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of human.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,syndecan-1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001935 1_1_jqxys1q6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'jet stream'?","A. Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. B. A horizontal wavelike deformation of a front in the lower levels, commonly associated with a maximum of cyclonic circulation in the adjacent flow. It may develop into a wave cyclone. C. A zonal circulation of the atmosphere confined to equatorial regions and driven principally by the oceanic temperature gradient. In the Pacific, air flows westward from the colder, eastern area to the warm, western ocean, where it acquires warmth and moisture and subsequently rises. A return flow aloft and subsidence over the eastern ocean complete the cell D. In meteorology, the flow of air along a latitude circle; more specifically, the latitudinal (east or west) component of existing flow.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,jet stream,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/JetStream 1_1_l8g0r2mt,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: reduced riboflavin + NAD(P)+ = riboflavin + NAD(P)H + 2 H+. This reaction can utilize NADH and NADPH. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + NADPH = tetrahydromonapterin + NADP+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD+ = beta-alanine + H+ + NADH + pyruvate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: NAD(P)+ + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine = NAD(P)H + H+ + 6,7-dihydropteridine.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,beta-alanopine dehydrogenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047697 1_1_k7mezios,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'escitalopram'?","A. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. B. A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram. C. A macromolecule formed by a living organism. D. A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,escitalopram,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36791 1_1_tk2d2bzo,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender film festival'?","A. Film festivals focused on lesbian culture and/or lesbians. B. Nonverbal communication in which space plays a role; also includes behavior influenced by population density (i.e. behavior in tight spaces versus open spaces). C. Film festivals focused on transgender culture and/or persons. D. Film festivals focused on LGBTQ culture and/or persons.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender film festival,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001377 1_1_kpgrehpj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatid development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. C. The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,spermatid development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007286 1_1_bqrxabj2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rail car repairer'?","A. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul railroad rolling stock, mine cars, or mass transit rail cars. B. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in preparing and serving food. C. Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing. D. Set up, operate, or tend grinding and related tools that remove excess material or burrs from surfaces, sharpen edges or corners, or buff, hone, or polish metal or plastic work pieces.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,rail car repairer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49304300 1_1_va9a7krf,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain'?","A. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event does not require an urgent response. C. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061367 1_1_nwa0o1aq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'urogenital malformation'?","A. Any malformation that is a part of or affects the urogenital system. B. Malformations of the genital system (genitals, gonads, etc.) or any of its constituent parts. C. Malformations of the urinary system or any of its constituent parts. D. An abnormal formation, especially an abnormal developmental feature.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,urogenital malformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000561 1_1_ht4n56ts,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'spikeLI'?","A. Background adjustment using sequence information B. Affymetrix Spike-in Langmuir Isotherm Data Analysis Tool C. Various wrapper functions that have been written to streamline the more common analyses that a core Biostatistician might see D. Package manipulating nucleotidic sequences (Embl, Fasta, GenBank)",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,spikeLI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000703 1_1_zj7q7gbk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type'?","A. An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow; no remission B. A rare condition in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) changes into a fast-growing type of lymphoma. Symptoms of richter syndrome include fever, loss of weight and muscle mass, and other health problems. C. A neoplasm without malignant characteristics arising from the lip. D. A state of bone marrow suppression and failure that is caused by a cytotoxic or adverse immunologic response to a drug treatment, leading to a failure of production of red blood cells, white cells and platelets.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000147 1_1_w516y6zv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'widgetTools'?","A. Methods for estimating GO semantic similarities. Implemented five methods proposed by Resnik, Schlicker(Rel), Jiang, Lin and Wang respectively. Support five species: human, rat, mouse, fly, and yeast. B. This packages contains tools to support the construction of tcltk widgets C. This package contains functions useful for designing genetics studies, including power and sample-size calculations. D. This package contains two main functions. The first is fdr.ma which takes normalized expression data array, experimental design and computes adjusted p-values It returns the fdr adjusted p-values and plots, according to the methods described in (Reiner, Yekutieli and Benjamini 2002). The second, is fdr.gui() which creates a simple graphic user interface to access fdr.ma",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,widgetTools,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000728 1_1_fzm2nsjf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary root'?","A. A root that develops from shoot axis tissue. B. A root that develops directly from a seedling radicle . C. A root that is initiated in a developing plant embryo . D. A root that develops from a lateral root primordium that is part of another root on the same plant.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,primary root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020127 1_1_yncrgbkn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-isoleucine biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-isoleucine biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901705 1_1_in61jh9x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'poly(2-beta-D-glucosylribitol phosphate)'?","A. A polymer composed of repeating 2-beta-D-glucosylribitol-1-phosphate units. B. A polymeric compound composed of repeating ribose-1-phosphate units. C. The polyanion of poly(ribitol phosphate) arising from global deprotonation of phosphate OH groups in the repeating units. D. A polymer composed of repeating 2-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)ribitol 1-phosphate units.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,poly(2-beta-D-glucosylribitol phosphate),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27863 1_1_cwcgddnz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'OBSOLETE multiple fruit'?","A. A microgametophyte that has as parts one or more antheridia . B. A plant structure that is part of an plant embryo . C. A portion of primary phloem tissue that has as parts companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements and that develops after the protophloem . D. OBSOLETE. Fruit on a common axis derived from the ovaries of several flowers.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,OBSOLETE multiple fruit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020086 1_1_z4ox0xyk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'spiracle (sensu Vertebrata)'?","A. Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. B. Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. C. A small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth in some fish. In the primitive jawless fish the first gill opening immediately behind the mouth is essentially similar to the other gill openings. D. An endostyle is a longitudinal ciliated groove on the ventral wall of the pharynx which produces mucus to gather food particles. It is found in urochordates and cephalochordates, and in the larvae of lampreys. It aids in transporting food to the esophagus. It is also called the hypopharyngeal groove. The endostyle in larval lampreys (ammocetes) metamorphoses into the thyroid gland in adults, and is regarded as being homologous to the thyroid gland in vertebrates. However, Dumont, et al. question whether the endostyle in ammocetes is homologous with that of the urochordates and cephalochordates. Since the endostyle is found in the three branches of chordates, it is presumed to have arisen in the common ancestor of these taxa, along with a shift to internal feeding for extracting suspended food from the water.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,spiracle (sensu Vertebrata),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010019 1_1_ur24h5ox,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling energetic'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. B. A subjective affective feeling that is negatively valenced. C. A subjective affective feeling of having lots of energy, being energetic. D. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume water.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling energetic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000109 1_1_1l4hugmu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-cyanobenzoyl chloride'?","A. A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted by a 1-phenylethyl group at position 2. B. A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. C. An acyl chloride consisting of benzoyl chloride in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a cyano group. D. A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)anilino]pyrimidin-4-yl}benzoic acid with the primary amino group of aminoacetonitrile. It is an ATP-competitive JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor with IC50 of 11 nM and 18 nM, respectively. Used for the treatment of patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-cyanobenzoyl chloride,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_184302 1_1_rkrakbgn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'XDE'?","A. Resampling-based multiple hypothesis testing B. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed. C. XDE: a Bayesian hierarchical model for cross-study analysis of differential gene expression D. This package generates a quality metrics report on ExpressionSet, NChannelSet, AffyBatch or BeadLevelList objects containing microarray data with one or two channels.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,XDE,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000446 1_1_phep2x0q,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'G-punkt'?","A. The history of the developing, use, and availability of clothing, as well as fashion and cultural contexts of clothing. B. A theoretical erogenous zone located in the area surrounding the opening of the urethra (starting in the anterior vaginal wall) which is surrounded by erectile tissue that is activated during sexual arousal. C. A theoretical erogenous area of the vagina that, when stimulated, may lead to strong sexual arousal, powerful orgasms and potential vaginal ejaculation. D. An anatomical point that is part of the vagina.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,G-punkt,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005443 1_1_sx5vxk11,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'swale'?","A. A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. B. The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. C. A depression which is part of an ice cap. D. A depression which comprises a low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,swale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000543 1_1_ox5cjc2a,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'microRNA'?","A. microRNA is a software package which provides data resources for microRNAs and various functions for manipulating them. B. This package provides easy, fast functions for the extraction and annotation of individual probes from Affymetrix tiling arrays. C. This package (GeneticsBase) provides a foundation of efficient data structures and easy-to-use manipulation functions. D. This package is designed to provide solutions for quality assessment and to detect differentially expressed genes for the Affymetrix GeneChips, including both 3' -arrays and gene 1.0-ST arrays.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,microRNA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000623 1_1_ld9yqwf1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'computer network architect'?","A. Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets, and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security measures. May research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software. B. Research, design, develop, or test automation, intelligent systems, smart devices, or industrial systems control. C. Inspect equipment or goods in connection with the safe transport of cargo or people. Includes rail transportation inspectors, such as freight inspectors, rail inspectors, and other inspectors of transportation vehicles not elsewhere classified. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,computer network architect,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15124100 1_1_0eh5pz46,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'StrawBreak Estimation'?","A. Response (type of disease reaction) in adult plant to stripe rust, refers to the infection type and is classified according to the MCNEAL scale. B. Standard method for tillering capacity. C. Record date of double ridge stage (DS14-15 approx.). Double ridge signifies that the plant?s main growing point will produce no more primordial leaves, and instead will produce primordial spikelets of the young spike. The dissection and observation of the main tiller apex on an optic magnifier is required. D. Standard method for straw breakage.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,StrawBreak Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000997 1_1_oz6e2hth,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'forebrain development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. The progression of the left horn of the sinus venosus from its initial formation to the mature structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,forebrain development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030900 1_1_lcp6n8dx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of oogenesis'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogenesis. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of oogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905881 1_1_qp8uhlom,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mistrust'?","A. A negative emotion felt when an event is appraised as unpleasant and resulting in loss or failure. B. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive. C. A negative emotion aroused when a person feels threatened by a rival in his or her relationship with another individual, in particular an intimate partner. Involves feelings of threat, fear, suspicion, distrust, anxiety, anger, betrayal, and rejection. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative emotion that is aversive and provoked by the prospect of distal threat.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mistrust,https://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM:000225 1_1_1rebigl0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect embryonic/larval central nervous system'?","A. Central nervous system of the adult. B. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. C. Central nervous system of the embryo/larva. D. Any of three muscles of the palm that control the motion of the little finger.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,insect embryonic/larval central nervous system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6001919 1_1_w88ug4i8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral midline determination'?","A. The regionalization process in which the area where the ventral midline will form is specified. B. The regionalization process in which the identity of an ovule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. C. The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells. D. The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ventral midline determination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007371 1_1_1kd6mg1j,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lysine biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-isoleucine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lysine biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009085 1_1_bupamfbz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed cerebral palsy'?","A. A cerebral palsy that is caused by damage to the extrapyramidal motor system and/or pyramidal tract and to the basal ganglia, which results in mixed muscle tone (hypertonia and hypotonia). The individuals have trouble holding themselves in an upright, steady position for sitting or walking, and often show involuntary motions. B. A cerebral palsy that is caused by damage in the outer layer of the brain, the cerebral cortex, which results in increased tone, or tension, in a muscle causing abnormal movements. C. A cerebral palsy that is caused by injury to both the pyramidal and extra pyramidal areas of the brain, which results in both the tight muscle tone and the involuntary movements. The individual have difficulty with speaking and swallowing. D. A brain disease that is caused by damage to the motor control centers of the developing brain during pregnancy, during childbirth or after birth, which affects muscle movement and balance.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mixed cerebral palsy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050673 1_1_vumjjznv,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'hospital-acquired infection'?","A. A disease course with an acute onset B. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. C. An infection resulting from a transmission process that unfolds in a hospital. D. A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,hospital-acquired infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000630 1_1_z2rdl4i1,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. D. A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as angry, anxious, depressed, unstable, and vulnerable.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044643 1_1_b85zy85g,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'isthmus'?","A. An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. B. Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. C. A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. D. A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,isthmus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000174 1_1_4p3fledc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'exclusive nicotine replacement therapy user'?","A. A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use. B. A nicotine replacement therapy user who is not a tobacco user or an e-cigarette user. C. A nicotine replacement therapy user who has been using NRT products for one year or more. D. An NRT user who does not use their product on a daily basis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,exclusive nicotine replacement therapy user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001193 1_1_2coayxix,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxoacid'?","A. Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). B. A data item that is about an intervention and is the estimated financial cost of delivering that intervention to a population in a setting in order to gain one QALY in the population. C. A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). D. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oxoacid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24833 1_1_9aid1sec,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyploidy'?","A. The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype. B. The state of a cell or organism having more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. C. Ploidy in which there is one set of chromosomes in the cell nucleus. D. Polyploidy in which there are three sets of chromosomes in the cell nucleus.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,polyploidy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007013 1_1_xo9b5e97,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cognitive disorder'?","A. A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. B. A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. C. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties that often occur in conjunction with frontal lobe disorders, including traumatic injury and dementia. It is also a feature of attention deficit disorder and other non-trauma-induced conditions. D. A cognitive disorder that is characterized by objective impairment in cognition with minimal impairment of their capacity to undertake the instrumental activities of daily living.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cognitive disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1561 1_1_xpnqrnrr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root cap of primary root'?","A. A root cap that is part of a primary root tip. B. A root cap that is part of a lateral root tip. C. A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is part of the root tip and covers the root apical meristem . D. A seed trichome development stage which occurs during the interval between the onset of seed trichome initiation and the onset of seed trichome elongation.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root cap of primary root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003017 1_1_9bqinv1i,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Apiculus anthocyanin'?","A. Color of stigma B. Intensity of purple colour attributable to anthocyanin on the apiculus of the lemma C. Colour of internodes on the culm/stem underlying any anthocyanin markings D. Width of leaf below the flag leaf",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Apiculus anthocyanin,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000896 1_1_spjk2e6h,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'rockslide process'?","A. A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. B. An indoor toilet that is available for public use. C. A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. D. A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,rockslide process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001108 1_1_t4o18o4f,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'leukopenia'?","A. A leukocyte disorder that is characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection. B. A hematopoietic system disease that is located_in white blood cells. C. A leukocyte disease that is characterized by high numbers of eosinophils which over time enter various tissues, eventually damaging organs. D. A leukocyte disease characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of lifelong, persistent elevated neutrophil counts primarily consisting of segmented neutrophils that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) gene on chromosome 1p34.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,leukopenia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_615 1_1_92vbji85,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior talofibular ligament'?","A. Talofibular ligament, each instance of which is a strong fibrous horizontal band passing from the posteromedial face of the lateral malleolus of some fibula to the area of the posterior process of some talus. B. Pulmoanry venous tree organ, each instance of which returns blood from the lower lobe of some lung to the left atrium of some heart. C. Talofibular ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that pass from the anterior part of the lateral malleolus of some fibula to the anterior margin of the lateral articular part of some talus. D. Ligament of talocalcaneal joint, each instance of which is a fibrous band in some sinus tarsi, passing between the opposed parts of some calcaneus and some talus; it lies deep or lateral to some bifurcate ligament.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior talofibular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44083 1_1_lszbli8m,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'COBRApy'?","A. COBRA Toolbox is the version of the COBRA software for Python. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. COBRA Toolbox is the version of the COBRA software for Matlab. D. COBRA (COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis Toolbox) includes implementations of many of the commonly used forms of constraint-based analysis such as FBA, gene deletions, flux variability analysis, sampling, and batch simulations together with tools to read in and manipulate constraint-based models.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,COBRApy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000155 1_1_bvm5h5bv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale'?","A. the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance or high blood pressure in the lungs. B. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, leg swelling and other symptoms. C. A blockage of an artery in the lungs by a foreign substance D. Presence of a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs in patients with acute cor pulmonale (acute right heart failure)",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pulmonary embolism with acute cor pulmonale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000386 1_1_xlyje0q6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric capsule development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands. B. A glutametergic neuron with its soma located in a basal ganglia. This neuron type is involved in motor control, decision making and learning. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the metanephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. D. The progression of the mesonephric capsule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,metanephric capsule development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072213 1_1_1am66yei,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mirror image polydactyly'?","A. A hand or foot with more than five digits that has a recognizable A/P axis of symmetry. The axis can lie within a normally formed or partially duplicated digit resembling a middle finger, index finger, thumb, toe, or hallux. Alternatively, the axis can be in an interdigital space with a flanking pair of digits that resemble a middle finger, index finger, thumb, toe or hallux. The most lateral digits on each side of the hand/foot typically resemble fifth fingers/toes. B. A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of supernumerary fingers or toes. C. A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary toe or toes. D. A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary finger or fingers.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Mirror image polydactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010689 1_1_50eqlgcs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dapsone'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine B. Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. C. A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy. D. An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dapsone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4325 1_1_eftdjtkt,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Declarative_Power'?","A. A hohfeldian power covers any action which determines a legal effect. B. An enabling power is used in cases where the law aims at enabling some agent to produce an effect in a particular way. C. A declarative power covers the case when an effect is produced through the party’s declaration of it D. Attributes a power to some agent (for example “a worker has the power to terminate his work contract”);",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Declarative_Power,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Declarative_Power 1_1_1lhzn1je,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Immune thrombocytopenic purpura'?","A. Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attack their own red blood cells and platelets. B. Cancerous tumor of a respiratory organ (upper lobe, bronchus, or lung) C. cancerous tumor of the eye D. Cancer of the endometrium",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Immune thrombocytopenic purpura,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000153 1_1_43sdkhmm,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'PLC'?","A. A company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal identity from its members, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business. Although some jurisdictions refer to unincorporated entities as companies, in most jurisdictions the term refers only to incorporated entities. B. A corporation is a legal entity which, while being composed of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack. C. A limited company is a corporation whose liability is limited by law D. Similar to the US corporation, offers several advantages over trading as sole trader.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,PLC,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Public_Limited_Company 1_1_cpibuexj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'migrating mesenchyme population'?","A. Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. B. An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is not well filled and the dendrites are more delicate than in type 1 cells. The axon terminal is bushier and exhibits a dense plexus of varicosities in the inner part of sublamina 1 (Ghosh et al., 2004). It can be differentiated from other retinal bipolar neurons by its expression of marker genes: Neto1, Lhx3 and Irx-6 (Shekhar, 2016). C. Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. D. An embryo at the neurula stage.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,migrating mesenchyme population,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007530 1_1_zzigei9j,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Obliged'?","A. Loose end. B. See normatively qualified. Alternative labels: permitted, sanctioned, let, licensed. C. Something which is both allowed and disallowed through some norm D. Is allowed by an Obligation, i.e. the alternative is strictly_worse according to the Obligation. Alternative labels: directed, commanded.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Obliged,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Obliged 1_1_57vjnwh5,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mating plug formation'?","A. The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males. B. The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. C. The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner. D. The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mating plug formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042628 1_1_xz2hdakq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptide'?","A. A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. B. Amide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc. C. An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity. D. A tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acid attached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,peptide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670 1_1_k70jl8m9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor'?","A. An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*). B. An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*). C. An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*). D. A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76726 1_1_m4vhghah,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Festival'?","A. A membership event, where one or several people belongs to a group during a particular time period. B. An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score). C. A set of performances/recordings/mastering events. This event can be decomposed in its constituent events using event:sub_event D. A festival - musical/artistic event lasting several days, like Glastonbury, Rock Am Ring... We migth decompose this event (which is in fact just a classification of the space/time region related to a particular festival) using hasSubEvent in several performances at different space/time.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Festival,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Festival 1_1_3k2byuif,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endocardium of inflow part of right ventricle'?","A. Endocardium of region of ventricle which is continuous with the cusp of pulmonary valve. B. Endocardium of region of ventricle which is continuous with the leaflet of tricuspid valve. C. Endocardium of free wall of ventricle which is continuous with the endocardium of interventricular septum and tunica intima of the pulmonary arterial trunk. D. Tract of internal capsule, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers arising from the frontal lobe of some cerebrum, traversing the anterior limb of some internal capsule, and ending in some pontine nuclei.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Endocardium of inflow part of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49267 1_1_5ytz58a7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'accessibility of a product'?","A. Accessibility of a product where the product is heroin. B. An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire a product. C. A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. D. An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receive a service.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,accessibility of a product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000443 1_1_0gyd1zwa,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA'?","A. A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy fatty acid. B. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. C. The release pathway of neurotransmitter filled synaptic vesicles. D. A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_20060 1_1_wv66479v,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'urge'?","A. A mental process that involves a feeling of strong impulse to engage in a behaviour. B. An urge in which the behaviour that is the target of the feeling is smoking. C. A that has positive or negative valence. D. An urge in which the behaviour that is the target of the feeling is vaping.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,urge,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000407 1_1_blva8ii8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of the mesonephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The mesonephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the mesonephric glomerulus. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephric glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The metanephric glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the metanephric glomerulus. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mesonephric glomerulus vasculature morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061248 1_1_rslts7mn,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette first user'?","A. An e-cigarette user who is a former tobacco smoker. B. An e-cigarette user who self-reports first time ever use of an e-cigarette. C. A person who engages in e-cigarette use. D. An e-cigarette user who has been using e-cigarettes for one year or more.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette first user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000804 1_1_fnfyfqui,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'identity-based social ideology'?","A. A social ideology focused upon a particular collective or group identity or identities. B. Any of various social ideologies which focus upon religion-specific identities. C. Any of various social ideologies which focus upon ethnicity-specific identities. D. Any of various social ideologies which focus upon species-specific identities.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,identity-based social ideology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002939 1_1_ngtm4b4v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'material pooling disposition'?","A. A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. B. The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store carbon. C. The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store some material entity. D. The disposition of an environmental system to be covered by liquid water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,material pooling disposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000455 1_1_gh5wjf9c,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure'?","A. distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. B. An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. D. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000077 1_1_0dt4lilq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyroclastic'?","A. A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] B. A wide, low-rimmed, well-bedded accumulation of hyalo-clastic debris built around a volcanic vent located in a lake, coastal zone, marsh, or area of abundant ground water. C. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color and contains 62% to 69% silica and moderate a mounts of sodium and potassium. D. Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pyroclastic,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Pyroclastic 1_1_w6jgp7ve,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'high-risk substance user'?","A. A substance user who engages in tobacco use. B. A substance user who uses some stimulant drug. C. A substance user who has a high-risk of adverse outcomes as a result of their substance use. D. A substance user who has a diagnosis of substance use disorder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,high-risk substance user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000929 1_1_det054ni,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'filament'?","A. If a solar prominence occurs on the disc of the sun it appears darker than its background (due to the lower temperature of the plasma). These are referred to as solar filaments. B. Climate for periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available. C. A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. The term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock during magma emplacement and eruption [Wikipedia] D. A solar prominence is a large bright feature extending outwards from the sun's surface, often in a loop configuration. Prominences are anchored to the solar surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the solar corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit much visible light, prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. A prominence forms over timescales of about a day, and stable prominences may persist in the corona for several months. Some prominences break apart and give rise to coronal mass ejections",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,filament,http://sweetontology.net/phenStar/Filament 1_1_8lsakbjz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'programmed cell death'?","A. A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. B. The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. D. Combining with a cytokine and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,programmed cell death,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0012501 1_1_7svwgmp8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contracture of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th toe'?","A. The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. B. The distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. C. One or more bent (flexed) joints of the fifth toe that cannot be straightened actively or passively. D. The joint between the fifth metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Contracture of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the 5th toe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100359 1_1_q9tfvno8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitamin B6'?","A. Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). B. A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. C. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. D. A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,vitamin B6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27306 1_1_8u0i1vfd,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hepatic failure, unspecified'?","A. A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body. B. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver. C. Carcinoma (cancerous tumor) of the liver D. liver failure",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"hepatic failure, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000506 1_1_938znzjp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'accessibility of heroin'?","A. An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire a product. B. Accessibility of a product where the product is an alcoholic beverage C. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist acting selectively on the alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor D. Accessibility of a product where the product is heroin.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,accessibility of heroin,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000445 1_1_8hbm44po,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper airway obstruction'?","A. Abnormally low FEV1/FVC (FEV1 - forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC forced vital capacity). B. Obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. C. Increased resistance to the passage of air in the upper airway. D. Airflow obstruction with a significant response to a bronchodilator defined as an increase in FEV1 and/or FVC by 12 percent or more and by at least 200 mL.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Upper airway obstruction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002781 1_1_wixkhef9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester'?","A. A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the 3-hydroxy group of lanosterol with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid. B. A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of a long-chain fatty acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol C. A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol. D. A sterol ester that is the O-succinoyl derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,long-chain 3-hydroxysterol ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_232093 1_1_qo287ypr,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Strictly_Disallowed'?","A. See Qualified. Alternative labels: violation, prohibited, forbidden B. Something which is both allowed and disallowed through some norm C. Directed obligative ought-to-do are also called obligative rights. k has the obligative right that j does A iff it is obligatory, toward k, that j does A. An example of obligative right is “it is obligatory, toward Mary, that Tom pays 1,000 euro to John” D. Loose end.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Strictly_Disallowed,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Strictly_Disallowed 1_1_59vm8c2o,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral root cap of primary root'?","A. A lateral root cap that is part of a root cap of a primary root . B. A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is part of a root cap and is parallel to the sides of a root axis. C. A lateral root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root. D. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through the release of a fruit operculum .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lateral root cap of primary root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003022 1_1_oq0so8po,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'blood coagulation, common pathway'?","A. A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability. B. A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X. C. A sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction catalyzes the following reaction, ultimately leading to the generation of a mature protein. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events. D. A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"blood coagulation, common pathway",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072377 1_1_58rr1rhj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum'?","A. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. B. The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. C. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. D. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003383 1_1_r9s7dmt4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycine-gated cation channel activity'?","A. Enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific neurotransmitter has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. B. An ionotropic glutamate receptor activity that exhibits fast gating by glutamate, acts by opening a cation channel permeable to sodium and potassium, and for which kainate is an agonist. C. Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when glycine is bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts on the extracellular side of the plasma membrane. D. Enables the transmembrane transfer of a cation by a channel that opens when serotonin has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,glycine-gated cation channel activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0160212 1_1_z8g7bzx3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine climate'?","A. The A climate classification, also known as the Tropical climate classification, is characterized as being consistently warm with all months averaging above 18 degrees C and having annual precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration (POTET). B. Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. C. (Also called maritime climate, oceanic climate.) A regional climate under the predominant influence of the sea, characterized by relatively small seasonal variations and high atmospheric moisture content; the antithesis of a continental climate. D. The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,marine climate,http://sweetontology.net/realmClimateZone/MarineClimate 1_1_j77wjb1f,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'simvastatin'?","A. A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. B. A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. C. A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. D. A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,simvastatin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9150 1_1_3qcumgwd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arabian Peninsula culturally-specific gender identity'?","A. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various Indian subcontinent cultures and/or subcultures. B. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various Southwest Asian cultures and/or subcultures. C. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various Arabian Peninsula cultures and/or subcultures. D. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities specific to any of various West Asian cultures and/or subcultures.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Arabian Peninsula culturally-specific gender identity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011270 1_1_haj3l7iw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'aquarium'?","A. A saline water aquarium is an aquarium which contains saline water as its primary ecological medium. B. A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. C. A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. D. An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,aquarium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002196 1_1_y5fi6cez,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyclogenesis'?","A. The sound emitted by rapidly expanding gases along the channel of a lightning discharge. B. An air layer with its base at the ground surface and in which temperature increases with height. These often form at night over land under clear skies and are statically stable. See inversion, lapse rate. C. Lightning is a transient, high-current electric discharge with pathlengths measured in kilometers. The most common source of lightning is the electric charge separated in ordinary thunderstorm clouds. D. A physical process at the initial stage of cyclone life cycle",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,cyclogenesis,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/Cyclogenesis 1_1_1hjx0kwl,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lymphatic chain'?","A. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts two or more lymphatic chains; together with other lymphatic organ part trees constitutes a lymphatic tree organ. Examples: subclavian lymphatic tree, right lumbar lymphatic tree. B. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts two or more lymphatic chains from two or more lymphatic organ part trees. C. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts one or more lymph nodes connected by two or more lymphatic vessels; together with other lymphatic chains forms a lymphatic tree organ part. D. Lymphatic tree organ part adjacent to subclavian artery proper.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lymphatic chain,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62865 1_1_4it2zeeb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'aldehyde catabolic process'?","A. The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by cell surface receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by intracellular degradation. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxal.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,aldehyde catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046185 1_1_yo8bfkxl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenyl nucleotide'?","A. A nucleotide having adenine as the base. B. Any ribonucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. C. A purine riboncleotide where adenine is the purine. D. Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,adenyl nucleotide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61293 1_1_qpq59lul,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathological derivation'?","A. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. B. Disease process is the progression disease in an individual over time. The process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in a susceptible host. For an infectious disease, the exposure is a microorganism. For cancer, the exposure may be a factor that initiates the process, such as asbestos fibers or components in tobacco smoke (for lung cancer), or one that promotes the process, such as estrogen (for endometrial cancer). C. TODO: Define. D. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pathological derivation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000081 1_1_ajngw0lp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'material moving worker, all other'?","A. Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs. B. Perform nonroutine or precision functions involving the preparation of large portions of meat. Work may include specialized slaughtering tasks, cutting standard or premium cuts of meat for marketing, making sausage, or wrapping meats. Work typically occurs in slaughtering, meat packing, or wholesale establishments. C. An organization that bears a credential grantor role. D. All material moving workers not listed separately.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"material moving worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53719900 1_1_9v6p6p0r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fanning'?","A. Buoyant jet in which the buoyancy is supplied from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. 2. A mostly horizontal (sometimes initially vertical) stream of pollutant that is being blown downwind from a smokestack. B. A pattern of smokestack plume dispersion in a statically stable atmosphere, in which the plume spreads out in the horizontal like an oriental fan and meanders about at a fixed height with little vertical spread. C. A buoyant jet stream in which the buoyancy is supplied steadily from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. D. An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fanning,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidTransport/Fanning 1_1_8770otn0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased osteoclast count'?","A. Pulmonary blood flow redistribution refers to any departure from the normal distribution of blood flow in the lungs that is caused by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance elsewhere in the pulmonary vascular bed. Pulmonary blood flow redistribution is indicated by a decrease in the size and/or number of visible pulmonary vessels in one or more lung regions, with a corresponding increase in number and/or size of pulmonary vessels in other parts of the lung. B. Decreased number of osteoclasts in bone tissue. C. A focal sensory seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure. D. An anomaly in the number of osteoclasts in bone tissue, bone-resorbing cells that develop from macrophages. This finding can be observed by histological examination of bone tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased osteoclast count,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030328 1_1_y75g2s42,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lattice corneal dystrophy'?","A. An epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy that is characterized by progressive accumulation of deposits within the layers of the cornea. B. A corneal dystrophy that is characterized by abnormal deposition of proteins in the cornea and is caused by mutations in TGFBI gene of chromosome 5q. C. An epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy that is characterized by recurrent erosions and lattice line refractile and fleck-like opacification located_in the cornea, amyloid deposits beginning in the anterior stroma, and progressive vision loss later in life, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of mutation of transforming growth factor beta-induced gene located in chromosome 5q31.1, which encodes keratoepithelin. Abnormalities lead to increased amyloid protein deposition and disruption of the corneal surface. D. An epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy that is characterized by recurrent erosions and honeycomb-shaped opacification located_in the cornea, proteinaceous deposits in the anterior stroma and subepithelium, and progressive early vision loss, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of heterozygous mutation of transforming growth factor beta-induced gene located in chromosome 5q31.1, which encodes keratoepithelin. Abnormalities lead to increased protein deposition and disruption especially of Bowman's membrane of the cornea.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,lattice corneal dystrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8943 1_1_t78s0usr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrocodone'?","A. A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. B. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects. C. A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine. D. A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,hydrocodone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5779 1_1_dyho8pta,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'xylitol transmembrane transport'?","A. The process in which arabitol is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms. B. The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. C. The process in which L-idonate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose. D. The directed movement of a xylitol across a membrane. Xylitol is a polyalcohol (pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol), produced by hydrogenation of xylose.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,xylitol transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902341 1_1_17rx0l9f,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dacite'?","A. Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. B. A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. C. Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. D. Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dacite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000442 1_1_8apjup9h,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'amount'?","A. A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value. B. A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it. C. A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. D. The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,amount,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000070 1_1_7plw4uoa,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'gul'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which pyrolysed (burned and decomposed) tobacco leaves are mixed with ash of tendu leaves to form a fine powder.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,gul,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000983 1_1_hht957qz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovarian carcinoma'?","A. An ovarian cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue and is located_in the ovary. B. An ovarian carcinoma that has_material_basis_in cells with clear cytoplasm and glycogen secreting hob nail cells. C. A malignant ovarian surface epithelial-stromal neoplasm that is a mixed cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in carcinomatous (epithelial tissue) and sarcomatous (connective tissue) components. D. An ovarian carcinoma that is an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ovarian carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4001 1_1_crl2d94b,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of glomerular filtration'?","A. The process in which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal albumin absorption. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by the renal system. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process in which blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of glomerular filtration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003093 1_1_8d4ws7tb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Skeletal system'?","A. Organ system subdivision which has as its direct parts nose, pharynx, larynx, tracheobronchial tree and pair of lungs. B. Anatomical structure, which consists of a specific set of the members of (predominantly) one organ or organ part subclass interconnected by zones of continuity or body substances; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ system by one or more zones of continuity or anatomical lines; together with other subdivisions of the same organ system, it constitutes an organ system. Examples: rib cage, viscerocranium, integument, upper respiratory tract. C. Organ system subdivision which has as its direct parts a combination of any of the following structures: skeleton, skeletal membrane organs, skeletal ligaments, bursae, skeletal cartilage organs and portions of synovial fluid. D. Organ system subdivision, each instance of which has as its direct parts some skeleton, some maximal complement of skeletal membrane organs, skeletal ligaments, bursae, skeletal cartilage organs and portions of synovial fluid.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Skeletal system,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23881 1_1_d2txkcz9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic cyclic compound'?","A. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. B. A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. C. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. D. A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,organic cyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33832 1_1_wbd9qbwd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'actuary'?","A. Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May ascertain insurance rates required and cash reserves necessary to ensure payment of future benefits. B. Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems, and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations, programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow. Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine system performance and functionality. C. Apply knowledge of nursing and informatics to assist in the design, development, and ongoing modification of computerized health care systems. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the health care system. D. Analyze product delivery or supply chain processes to identify or recommend changes. May manage route activity including invoicing, electronic bills, and shipment tracing.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,actuary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15201100 1_1_jt7ze6ow,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle'?","A. A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a right atrium auricular region. B. A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a atrium auricular region. C. The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA]. D. A cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a left atrium auricular region.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardiac muscle tissue of right auricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009779 1_1_od6hjslf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-myristoylglycinate'?","A. An N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of N-hexacosanoylglycine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. An N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of N-myristoylglycine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. An N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoylglycine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of m-hydroxyhippuric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-myristoylglycinate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86500 1_1_cphk7pcs,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic ischemic heart DP, unspecified'?","A. heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries. When arteries are narrowed, less blood and oxygen reaches the heart muscle. This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack. B. heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries. When arteries are narrowed, less blood and oxygen reaches the heart muscle. This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack. C. Ischemic heart disease is the term given to heart problems caused by narrowed heart (coronary) arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It's most often it is caused by buildup of plaque, called atherosclerosis. D. Documented history of previous myocardial infarction, a sudden and sometimes fatal occurrence of coronary thrombosis, typically resulting in the death of part of a heart muscle. Also known as heart attack.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"chronic ischemic heart DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000227 1_1_5sno3zss,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'food science technician'?","A. Work with food scientists or technologists to perform standardized qualitative and quantitative tests to determine physical or chemical properties of food or beverage products. Includes technicians who assist in research and development of production technology, quality control, packaging, processing, and use of foods. B. Instruct preschool-aged students, following curricula or lesson plans, in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth. C. Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client according to written optical prescription or specification. Assist client with inserting, removing, and caring for contact lenses. Assist client with selecting frames. Measure customer for size of eyeglasses and coordinate frames with facial and eye measurements and optical prescription. Prepare work order for optical laboratory containing instructions for grinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verify exactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frame and lens position to fit client. May shape or reshape frames. Includes contact lens opticians. D. Build, install, test, or maintain optical or fiber optic equipment, such as lasers, lenses, or mirrors, using spectrometers, interferometers, or related equipment.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,food science technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19401300 1_1_qjb9gl0p,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesoridazine'?","A. An indane that consists of 1-aminoindane bearing an N-propargyl substituent. A selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor. B. A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. C. An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. D. A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mesoridazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6780 1_1_7ln322vb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'necrocannibalism'?","A. An instance in which a person eats another person or consumes the flesh of another person. B. The consumption of flesh outside one's close social group—for example, eating one's enemy. C. Cannibalism of the corpse of a person who is already dead. D. The act of eating young women or virgins.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,necrocannibalism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009210 1_1_o9xo3aso,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'exercise physiologist'?","A. Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or physical activities such as those designed to improve cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility. B. Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury. C. Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design. D. All therapists not listed separately.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,exercise physiologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29112800 1_1_9m0u5ycp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'MacAB-TolC complex'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides. B. Binding to choriogonadotropin hormone, a heterodimer, with an alpha subunit identical to that of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and a unique beta subunit. C. A bacterial transmembrane transporter complex that spans the entire cell membrane system and possesses ATP-dependent xenobiotic transport activity pumping drugs (typically antibiotics) and other toxins directly from the cytosol out of the bacterial cell. Typically, it is trimeric consisting of a inner membrane ATPase (IMP), a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and an outer membrane factor (OMF). In E. coli, macrolide transporter complexes may consists of MacB (IMP), MacA (MFP) and TolC (OMF) or AcrB (IMP), AcrA (MFP) and TolC (OMF). Trimeric TolC is a common OMF found in many macrolide transporter complexes. D. The MacAB-TolC complex is a macrolide transporter complex found in E.coli and related gram-negative bacteria. Its transport activity is specific to macrolide compounds containing 14- and 15-membered lactones. It consists of the dimeric inner membrane ATPase MacB, the hexameric, periplasmic membrane fusion protein MacA and the trimeric outer membrane factor TolC.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,MacAB-TolC complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990196 1_1_1r0ais40,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'gastrula stage'?","A. Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids. B. A stage defined by complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glycine stimulus. D. The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,gastrula stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000109 1_1_h3pusuvt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'LY 364947'?","A. An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a 2,6-dimethylphenyl and a (1H-pyrazol-1-ylmethyl) group at the nitrogen atom. B. A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is 2-aminopurine which is substituted by a chlorine at position 6 and by a (4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl group at position 9. C. A member of the class of pyrazoles carrying pyridin-2-yl and quinolin-4-yl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. D. An amino aldehyde that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by formyl, methyl, and oxo groups, respectively.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,LY 364947,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_91198 1_1_334xk4ut,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Data Based Exclusive Gateway'?","A. Data Based Exclusive Gateway B. An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects. C. A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two participants that are prepared to send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two participants (e.g., business entities or business roles). D. Exclusive Gateway",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Data Based Exclusive Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#data_based_exclusive_gateway 1_1_7541c688,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lava flow'?","A. A mass of water. B. Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. C. A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. D. A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lava flow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000438 1_1_gy58upuw,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical emotional facial expression'?","A. Characteristic facial expressions that are made when a person is undergoing a so-called ""basic"" emotions. These are canonical, that is, individual facial expressions when undergoing emotions can vary or not change at all. However, research indicates evidence for the existence of characteristic canonical facial expressions that are displayed when experiencing certain emotions even across cultures. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are closed. C. A facial expression behaviour in which the lips are tightly pressed together. D. Characteristic facial expression made when a person is undergoing an experience of surprise.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical emotional facial expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000174 1_1_ishpexc5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'automotive body or related repairer'?","A. Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames. B. Operate equipment used for applying concrete, asphalt, or other materials to road beds, parking lots, or airport runways and taxiways or for tamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Includes concrete and asphalt paving machine operators, form tampers, tamping machine operators, and stone spreader operators. C. Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling. D. Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,automotive body or related repairer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49302100 1_1_17stfo6m,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anthracnose incidence - Estimation'?","A. Compute the number of medium size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of medium size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants B. Calculated as big size yam tuber weight per per plant mutiplied by planting density and result divided by 1000 C. Compute the proportion of anthracnose damaged individuals or their parts , commonly the portion of plant units in a plot. Count anthracnose disease ?blight? or leaf spot affected plants in plot twice (First inspection at 10 to 12 weeks post planting and second inspection after 2 to 4 weeks before harvesting ) and compute the proportion of damanged D. Measure the width of at most five medium size tubers (?500 gm and <1kg )from net plot at wider portion of the tuber using calliper or measuring tape and record the average",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Anthracnose incidence - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0010089 1_1_jwhjmj0z,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'FPS'?","A. Hardware support of a game B. First Person Shooter C. Game offers explicit and violent visual elements D. Third Person Shooter",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,FPS,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#FPS 1_1_hi22rg1g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'XGMML'?","A. XGMML stands for eXtensible Graph Markup and Modelling Language, and it is a XML standard; similar to but preferred over GML. B. Web Ontology Language version 2 in XML Serialization C. Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a machine-readable format for representing models. It's oriented towards describing systems where biological entities are involved in, and modified by, processes that occur over time. D. CopasiML, the native format of COPASI.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,XGMML,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000051 1_1_mh5e5oqy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'irrigation reservoir'?","A. A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. B. A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. C. An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. D. A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,irrigation reservoir,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000450 1_1_fzg6cuhr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'fdrame'?","A. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed. B. Functions and data used in Balasubramanian, et al. (2004) C. This package contains two main functions. The first is fdr.ma which takes normalized expression data array, experimental design and computes adjusted p-values It returns the fdr adjusted p-values and plots, according to the methods described in (Reiner, Yekutieli and Benjamini 2002). The second, is fdr.gui() which creates a simple graphic user interface to access fdr.ma D. Testing whether sets of genes (e.g. KEGG pathways of GO terms) are significantly associated with a clinical variable of interest.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,fdrame,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000534 1_1_a1e3wrbp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'corm'?","A. A shoot system that is initiated from a root. B. A shoot system that has as parts a short, enlarged stem in which the shoot internodes do not elongate, and one or more buds . C. A shoot system that has as parts only vegetative tissues and organs. D. A shoot system that develops from an embryo shoot apical meristem .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,corm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025355 1_1_ni5n11qi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'gravity wave'?","A. An unstable wave in a system of two homogeneous fluids with a velocity discontinuity at the interface. B. A waveform disturbance that arises from Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. C. A wave disturbance in which buoyancy (or reduced gravity) acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium. D. Waves with a restoring force arising from variations in depth. The stretching or compression of displaced columns of water generates anomalous vorticity tending to drive them back to their original position.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,gravity wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/GravityWave 1_1_8i9n2ara,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior superficial cerebral vein'?","A. Superficial cerebral vein, each instnce of which is a tributary of some cavernous sinus and drains some frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. B. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the inferior aspect of some cerebral cortex to some adjacent sinuses. C. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which interconnects some middle cerebral vein and some transverse sinus. D. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the medial and superolateral region of some cerebral hemispheres and empties into some superior sagittal sinus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior superficial cerebral vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50986 1_1_wzuu1l0d,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'upconing'?","A. The energy needed to lift an air parcel vertically and pseudoadiabatically from its originating level to its level of free convection (LFC). B. The movement of salt water into fresh water aquifers. C. The profundal zone is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone. D. Process by which saline water underlying freshwater in an aquifer rises upward into the freshwater zone as a result of pumping water from the freshwater zone.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,upconing,http://sweetontology.net/phenEnvirImpact/Upconing 1_1_156h92le,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'western honey bee'?","A. The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bees worldwide. The genus name Apis is Latin for ""bee"", and mellifera is the Latin for ""honey-bearing"", referring to the species' production of honey. B. Cardinal organ part. each instance of which is a fiat subdivision of some organ component. C. The scientific study of the nature, extent, management, causes, control, consequences, and prevention of criminal behavior, both on individual and social levels. D. A eusocial flying insect within the genus Apis of the bee clade, all native to Eurasia but spread to four other continents by human beings. They are known for construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax, for the large size of their colonies, and for their surplus production and storage of honey, distinguishing their hives as a prized foraging target of many animals, including honey badgers, bears and human hunter-gatherers.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,western honey bee,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7460 1_1_qmftc9mw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchopneumonia'?","A. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system caused by SARS-CoV-2 B. a lung infection that inflames and infects the aveoli C. a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus D. a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within the intra-alveolar space",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,bronchopneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000183 1_1_mhnrw5t8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anishinaabe'?","A. The autonym for a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples in what are now Canada and the United States. These include the Odawa, Saulteaux, Ojibwe (including Mississaugas), Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and Algonquin peoples. The Anishinaabe speak Anishinaabemowin, or Anishinaabe languages that belong to the Algonquian language family. They historically lived in the Northeast Woodlands and Subarctic. B. An Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their communities are mostly in coastal British Columbia and far southern Alaska, around Terrace and Prince Rupert in British Columbia, and Alaska's Annette Islands. The Tsimshian people consist of approximately 10,000 members of seven First Nations (including the Kitselas, Kitsumkalum, and the ""Allied Tribes"" of the Lax Kw'Alaams; the Metlakatla, Kitkatla, Gitga'at at Hartley Bay, and Kitasoo at Klemtu). C. An Anishinaabe people of Canada and the northern Midwestern United States. They are one of the most numerous Indigenous peoples north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. In the United States, they have the fifth-largest population among Native American peoples, surpassed in number only by the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Sioux. D. Native American people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. They consisted of several independent seasonal nomadic groups who shared the same language and much of the same culture. The tribe included the groups called the Cujanes, Cocos, Guapites (Coapites), and Copanes.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Anishinaabe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005369 1_1_yvqnc4hd,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain desirability'?","A. Internode hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR). Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. B. Internode lignin (ADL) content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR) estimated through the Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF). Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot C. Red-colored area in the internode inner zone (Z2), obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. D. Grain desirability of the variety.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain desirability,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000130 1_1_1hg6kdwi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'docosatetraenoic acid'?","A. Any polyunsaturated fatty acid containing 22 carbons and 4 double bonds. B. Any saturated fatty acid lacking a side-chain. C. Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having four C=C double bonds. D. The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having four double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13- and 16-positions. One of the most abundant fatty acids in the early human brain.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,docosatetraenoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61205 1_1_d7gk9w63,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber fructose content'?","A. The concentration of copper in tuber B. The syringic acid concentration in tuber C. The fructose content of the tuber D. The anthocyanin concentration in dry weight basis",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber fructose content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000436 1_1_lrjrlz0t,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nitrile'?","A. A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. B. A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. C. A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. D. A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nitrile,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18379 1_1_0jswxxvd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Splenic xanthomatosis'?","A. Fusion of the pancreatic tail and spleen. B. Lipid deposits localized within the spleen. Xanthomas are benign but are often an important visible sign of systemic conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia. C. Joining of the spleen and a gonad during embryological development. D. Absence or underdevelopment of the spleen.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Splenic xanthomatosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034623 1_1_kpjtkiep,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete geneplotter'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete geneplotter,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000557 1_1_mfe2tuci,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'armored relict inclusion'?","A. A fragment of older material within an igneous rock to which it may or may not be genetically related. B. An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier. C. A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. D. An inclusion of an earlier rock that is prevented from further reaction in a later rock by a rim of reaction products.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,armored relict inclusion,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/ArmoredRelictInclusion 1_1_dshjlq7m,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic heterocyclic compound'?","A. A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). B. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. C. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. D. Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organic heterocyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24532 1_1_81khsg7v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bacteria enriched soil'?","A. Loam which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. B. A portion of chloropicrin enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of chloropicrin. C. A portion of bacteria enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated bacterial abundance. D. Paddy field soil which has increased levels of peat.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bacteria enriched soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005757 1_1_n4kdsz6v,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'protoderm'?","A. A portion of protoderm tissue that is the outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem , and gives rise to the leaf abaxial epidermis . B. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a root apical meristem and consists of mitotically and metabolically inactive cells and is located behind the protoderm of the root . C. A portion of meristem tissue that is found on the abaxial side of a developing phyllome . D. A portion of meristem tissue that is the outer layer of an apical meristem , or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper , and gives rise to a portion of epidermis .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,protoderm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006210 1_1_38g8es0k,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'topographic wave'?","A. A wave that propagates in density-stratified fluid under the influence of buoyancy forces. B. An ocean wave with its length sufficiently large compared to the water depth (i.e., 25 or more times the depth) C. Waves with a restoring force arising from variations in depth. The stretching or compression of displaced columns of water generates anomalous vorticity tending to drive them back to their original position. D. Surface gravity waves on the ocean that are not growing or being sustained any longer by the wind.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,topographic wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/TopographicWave 1_1_r12rqxxr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental lapse rate'?","A. A process lapse rate of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium. B. A means of quantifying the threat of rapid cooling during breezy or windy conditions that may result in hypothermia in cold conditions. C. The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation D. The environmental lapse rate of temperature in an atmosphere in which the density is constant with height (homogeneous atmosphere), equal to g/R, where g is the acceleration of gravity and R the gas constant.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,environmental lapse rate,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperatureGradient/EnvironmentalLapseRate 1_1_uxkznm51,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'extended forecast'?","A. The sporadic radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over the middle and high latitudes. B. A forecast of weather conditions for a period extending beyond three or more days from the day of issuance. C. An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier. D. A simulation approach to studying the chemical evolution of a (natural) system.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,extended forecast,http://sweetontology.net/reprSciModel/ExtendedForecast 1_1_9ss1nn30,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding'?","A. Binding to an interleukin-10 receptor. B. Binding to an interleukin-25 receptor. C. Binding to a macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. D. Binding to an interleukin-17E receptor.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005157 1_1_jholt83n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arcuate vein medial atrophy'?","A. Cell death (necrosis) of the inner or middle layer of the arcuate veins of the kidney. B. Atrophy (wasting, decreased thickness) of the middle layer of the arcuate veins of the kidney. C. Accumulation of edematous extracellular matrix in the inner layer (intima) of arcuate veins of the kidney. The material resembles mucus and appears pale blue on hematoxylin and eosin staining. D. Thickening of the intima with fibrosis and/or duplication of the elastic lamina in arcuate veins.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Arcuate vein medial atrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033910 1_1_uph4attd,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'sedative drug'?","A. A central nervous system depressant that is used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. B. A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. C. A central nervous system depressant that has the application of sedative effects. D. A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,sedative drug,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000764 1_1_17kj5v9s,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right ovarian vein'?","A. Wall of heart which has as its parts the the walls of left atrium and left ventricle that surrounds its cavities and is attached to the left fibrous ring of heart. B. Subdivision of inferior systemic venous tree, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the pampiniform plexus of somee broad ligament. C. Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. D. Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right ovarian vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14342 1_1_823p594y,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hyperkalemia'?","A. An unspecified condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones (cortisol) B. high blood potassium levels C. Type 2 diabetes with diabetic macular edema (when blood vessels in the eye retina leak fluid, causing swelling in the macula) D. body does not have enough nutrition to sustain itself",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hyperkalemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000538 1_1_jvl2xzm6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '13(R)-HPODE(1-)'?","A. Conjugate base of 13(S)-HPODE arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function. B. A HOME in which the hydroxy group is located at position 10 with the double bond at position 8 (the 8E,10S-isomer). C. A 13-HPODE(1-) that is the conjugate base of 13(R)-HPODE, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. D. A hydroperoxy fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 13-HPODE arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,13(R)-HPODE(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133985 1_1_bihzbzus,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine inversion'?","A. A uterine disease that is located_in the placenta. B. A uterine disease that is characterized by the inability of the uterus to return to its pre-gestational size after pregnancy. C. A uterine disease that is characterized by the uterine cavity turning inside out as a complication of childbirth. D. A uterine disease that is characterized by the presence of blood in the uterine cavity.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uterine inversion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_997 1_1_94ew1z6h,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pseudopodium'?","A. A cell projection supported by an assembly of actin filaments, and which lacks microtubules. B. A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding. C. A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. D. A telopode is a plasma membrane bounded cell projection that is present on a telocyte and is tens to hundreds of microns long. Telopodes form a labyrinthine system communicating through gap junctions.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pseudopodium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031143 1_1_8jvzoa2o,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'endosperm development stage'?","A. Stages of development of the endosperm. B. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a seed . C. Stage during which the seed storage products (storage proteins, lipids and starch) are being accumulated, either in the cotyledons or in the endosperm. Also, LEA proteins are accumulated and subsequently, a desiccation tolerant state is reached at the end of this stage. D. One cell stage that takes place following the fertilization, produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and one or more polar nuclei.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,endosperm development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007633 1_1_ly79b2kc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Jugular tubercle'?","A. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which ia rough prominence on the dorsal aspect of the spine of some scapula, into which the lowest fibers of some trapezius muscle and the posterior fibers of some deltoid muscle insert. B. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which is a smooth eminence overlying the hypoglossal canal on the superior surface of the lateral part of some occipital bone. C. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which is a prominence on the dorsal aspect of the distal epiphysis of some radius; it is grooved by the tendon of some extensor pollicis longus muscle. D. Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels. It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Jugular tubercle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75749 1_1_l4wq88l1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'coastal water body'?","A. A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). B. A lentic water body which is adjacent to a coast. C. A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. D. A lentic water body which is wholly or partly surrounded by land and either connected to or derived from a part of an ocean.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,coastal water body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000049 1_1_lhn897k0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete PPC algorithm'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete PPC algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000321 1_1_bg4wvm30,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'base ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. B. An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. C. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. D. An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,base ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000001 1_1_8ur2bsc6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'descending thoracic aorta'?","A. An opening in the skull through which cranial nerve II passes.[MP]. B. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of a single digit plus the associated metapodial element. C. The part of the aorta that extends from the arch of the aorta to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. D. A dense syncitial-like mesenchymal thickening in the dorsal mesogastrium[ISBN]. the embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing spleen[MP].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,descending thoracic aorta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002345 1_1_1m6gq663,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Declaration'?","A. Not to be confused with the actual writing/document itself, which is the medium of the statement. B. Searle: the successful performance of a declaration is sufficient to bring about the fit between words and world, to make the propositional content true. In other words, if there is an inconsistency between the declaration and assertions, beliefs, or observations, it is not the declaration that is false. True of definitions and norms, and several other performative statements by legislators. C. The assertion is subject to a fit between words and world, in Searle's terms. It's propositional content can be true of false. If it is inconsistent with other assertions, beliefs, observations, it may come to be considered false. D. A promise is a communicated attitude about some future action or state",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Declaration,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Declaration 1_1_9qa4k4qu,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'earth material'?","A. (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested B. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'. C. (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces D. Earth fluid is an 'earth material' that is fluild.",B,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,earth material,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000006 1_1_ybvazfdz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ma'kali'?","A. A Shoshone person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. A Chickasaw or Choctaw person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Miami person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. A Flathead or Interior Salish person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ma'kali,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002093 1_1_pwfxags4,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dopamine'?","A. An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. B. A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. C. A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. D. Catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dopamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18243 1_1_kf5xqyfd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'radius-ulna endochondral element'?","A. A manual digit phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. B. A manual digit metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. C. A radius-ulna endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. D. A radius-ulna bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,radius-ulna endochondral element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015002 1_1_p2jcecpr,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal finger phalanx morphology'?","A. An anomaly of the second finger, also known as the index finger. B. Deviated fingers is a term that should be used if one or more fingers of the hand are deviated from their normal position, either to the radial or ulnar side. A deviation of a finger can be caused by an abnormal form of one or more of the phalanges of the affected finger, or by a deviation or displacement of one or more phalanges. C. Any anomaly of distal phalanx of finger. D. Abnormalities affecting the phalanx of finger.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal finger phalanx morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005918 1_1_xusf81b8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node group proper'?","A. Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group located around the trunk of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. B. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located on the anterosuperior region of head of pancreas. C. Abdominal proper lymph node group at spenic hilum. D. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located on the antero-inferior region of head of pancreas.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node group proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277430 1_1_pi1atxem,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'taboka'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco is mixed with areca nut, lime, catechu and additional ingredients to form a coarse powder. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles (sometimes mixed with molasses and water) form loose dry sticks.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,taboka,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001006 1_1_fsku95fr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm'?","A. A pancreatic cancer that is characterized as a slow-growing epithelial neoplasm with ductal differentiation that arises from the exocrine pancreas and grows mostly within the pancreatic ducts. B. An adrenal gland hyperfunction characterized by decreased conversion of biologically active cortisol to inactive cortisone resulting in low aldosterone levels, metabolic alkalosis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and early-onset severe hypertension that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the HSD11B2 gene on chromosome 16. C. A pancreatic cancer that arises from the epithelial cells of the exocrine pancreatic tissue. D. A central nervous system lipoma that is characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in and around the spinal cord.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7575 1_1_e8cdueub,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'parody'?","A. A collection of tools for performing category analysis. B. This package provides pathway enrichment techniques for miRNA expression data. Specifically, the set of methods handles the many-to-many relationship between miRNAs and the multiple genes they are predicted to target (and thus affect.) It also handles the gene-to-pathway relationships separately. Both steps are designed to preserve the additive effects of miRNAs on genes, many miRNAs affecting one gene, one miRNA affecting multiple genes, or many miRNAs affecting many genes. C. Routines for univariate and multivariate outlier detection with a focus on parametric methods, but support for some methods based on resistant statistics D. 1) Data transformation for meta-analysis of microarray Data: Transformation of gene expression data to signed probability scale (MCMC/EM methods) 2) Combined differential expression on raw scale: Weighted Z-score after stabilizing mean-variance relation within platform",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,parody,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000647 1_1_gl40svbk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3,3'-bipyridine-2,2',5,5',6,6'-hexol'?","A. A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,3'-bipyridin-6'-one substituted at positions 1' and 5' by phenyl and 2-cyanophenyl groups respectively. Used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. B. A pyridine alkaloid that is 2,2'-bipyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a (E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine-derived actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. C. A pyridine alkaloid that is 2,2'-bipyridine substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 4 and a (E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine-derived actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. D. A bipyridine that is 3,3'-bipyridine bearing six hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2', 5, 5', 6 and 6'.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3,3'-bipyridine-2,2',5,5',6,6'-hexol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64999 1_1_8tabbkyi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'stack effect'?","A. In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. B. An effect due to heat sources within a local exhaust enclosure (stack) producing convective air currents with vertical velocities proportional to the rate of heat transferred to the surrounding air and to the height of rise of the heated air. C. A form of convection driven by a combination of gravitational and centrifugal forces. D. Long narrow sheets of warm air rising from a heated surface.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,stack effect,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidTransport/StackEffect 1_1_k64rxhep,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'religious hate group'?","A. Hate groups who direct their hatred primarily against LGBTQIA+ people. B. A hate group is a social group that advocates and practices hatred, hostility, or violence towards members of a race, ethnicity, nation, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation or any other designated sector of society. C. Hate groups associated with particular religious beliefs, i.e. Christian hate groups, Islamic hate groups, etc. Note that the existence of such a group does not necessarily mean that all members of that religion belong to that group. D. Hate groups or sites which act primarily through means of the internet or recruit mainly through the internet.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,religious hate group,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007313 1_1_2bb73w5v,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'terrigenous sediment'?","A. In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, that are derived from terrestrial environments. Consisting of sand, mud, and silt carried to sea by rivers, their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely limited to the continental shelf. B. A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock. C. Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands. D. A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects and form a coating of rime and/or glaze.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,terrigenous sediment,http://sweetontology.net/matrSediment/TerrigenousSediment 1_1_nha38jy5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ecchymosis'?","A. Petechiae are pinpoint-sized reddish/purple spots, resembling a rash, that appear just under the skin or a mucous membrane when capillaries have ruptured and some superficial bleeding into the skin has happened. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to developing petechiae. B. A purpuric lesion that is larger than 1 cm in diameter. C. Battle sign is bruising over the mastoid process that is typically the result of head trauma. It is retroauricular or mastoid ecchymosis that is typically the result of head trauma. Battle sign typically requires significant head trauma and may indicate significant internal injury to the brain and not just the posterior cranial vault or mastoid. D. Purpura that is flat (non-palpable, not raised).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Ecchymosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031364 1_1_baaz6b22,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'femoral fat pad'?","A. A mass of closely packed fat cells (adipose tissue) surrounded by fibrous tissue septa[TMD]. B. The deep layer (fascia of Scarpa) is a layer of the anterior abdominal wall. C. Encapsulated adipose tissue associated with the femur. D. A fat pad that is part of a axilla.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,femoral fat pad,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012283 1_1_4f9pmbuc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'morphological feature'?","A. A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. B. Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. C. A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. D. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,morphological feature,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0034768 1_1_6zmwn8rr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Growth habit at 90 days - Method'?","A. Seed ends assessment. B. Growth habit assessed at 60 to 70 days. C. Hairiness on mainstem assessment. D. Pod size assessment.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Growth habit at 90 days - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000642 1_1_v374vcb6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of mast cell degranulation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of mast cell degranulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043304 1_1_f9n8otzo,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'viral infectious disease'?","A. A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. B. A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. C. A disease that is characterized by abnormally rapid cell division. D. A disease by infectious agent that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Viruses.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,viral infectious disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_934 1_1_th5x3l3d,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased vertical cup-to-disc ratio - 0.9'?","A. Ratio of the height of the cup of the optic nerve head to the height of the disk is 0.9 (The normal cup-to-disc ratio is 0.3). B. An abnormal increase in the ratio of the height of the cup of the optic nerve head to the height of the disk. C. Ratio of the height of the cup of the optic nerve head to the height of the disk is 0.7 (The normal cup-to-disc ratio is 0.3). D. Ratio of the height of the cup of the optic nerve head to the height of the disk is 1.0 (The normal cup-to-disc ratio is 0.3).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased vertical cup-to-disc ratio - 0.9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031977 1_1_88sndw52,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'heteroorganic entity'?","A. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. B. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. C. An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. D. A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,heteroorganic entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33285 1_1_qsjbeheo,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'gravity wind'?","A. A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier. B. An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. C. A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope. D. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,gravity wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/GravityWind 1_1_yk3z297i,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gastric duplication'?","A. Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the stomach. B. Giant gastric folds are recognized at endoscopy as an increase in the size of the gastric rugae and a lack of flattening. C. Gastric duplication is a usually cystic malformation of gastrointestinal tract, usually attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and has no communication with the stomach. D. Absence of gastric intrinsic factor, which is normally produced by the parietal cells of the stomach, and is required for the absorption of vitamin B12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Gastric duplication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011139 1_1_81lkt1rk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'calcaneofibular ligament'?","A. The Achilles tendon is a tendon of the posterior leg. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel) bone. B. The osseous cochlea is the bony foundation that forms the small shell arrangement for the cochlear nerve. C. A muscle of the tympanic cavity that attaches to an auditory ossicle. D. A skeletal ligament that connects the fibula to the calcaneus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,calcaneofibular ligament,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011971 1_1_yfunv8w3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'outer layer'?","A. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. B. A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. C. A layer of air tens of meters thick at the bottom of the atmosphere where the variation of vertical turbulent flux with altitude is less than 10% of its magnitude. D. For flow over a hill, the top layer in the boundary layer that accelerates relative to its upstream value due to the Bernoulli effect.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,outer layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoBoundaryLayer/OuterLayer 1_1_nduclsb3,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Cyber-T'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Cyber-T,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000124 1_1_ziqbafjg,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'regret'?","A. A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable. B. A negative emotion in response to a stressful elicitor. May be acute or chronic. Associated with health implications, such as impaired resistance to infectious diseases. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence. D. A positive emotion that is associated with a motivation and an idea to do or create something.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,regret,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000217 1_1_uuuth4zy,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower digestive tract'?","A. The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. B. A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. C. The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. D. A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,lower digestive tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004907 1_1_c87sl6z9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'whole plant fruit formation stage 50 to 70%'?","A. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 30% to 50% of its final size. B. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 50% to 70% of its final size. C. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 70% of its final size to its final size. D. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 10% to 30% of final size.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,whole plant fruit formation stage 50 to 70%,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007007 1_1_4awmqdgw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'corona'?","A. Constituent is a clast that has no visible contacts with other clasts. Interpreted to be largely or completly immersed in matrix or cement. B. An oversized stone in laminated sediment that depresses the underlying laminae and may be covered by -draped laminae. Most dropstones originate through ice-rafting; other sources are floating tree roots and kelp holdfasts.... C. A constituent with irregular distribution and geometry, as in pseudobreccia or patch migmatite. D. Constituent occurs as a concentric envelope enclosing another constituent. Corona is a non-genetic term.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,corona,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Corona 1_1_x3ifs2wc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'whirlpool'?","A. A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. B. A marine current which is maintained by a tidal flow process. C. The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. D. Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,whirlpool,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000409 1_1_38gutdq1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uveoparotid fever'?","A. A sarcoidosis that is characterized by involvement of the nervous symptom with cranial nerve palsy, diffuse meningeal disease, acute polyneuropathy, myelitis, or hypothalamic pituitary axis malformation, develops_from a type IV hypersensitivity reaction with noncaseating granulomas involving the nervous system. B. A sarcoidosis that is characterized by unilateral facial nerve palsy, parotid gland enlargement, anterior uveitis, and low grade fever, and develops_from a type IV hypersensitivity reaction with noncaseating granulomatous infiltration of especially the parotid glands which compresses the facial nerve. C. A sarcoidosis that is characterized by conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure with noncaseating granulomas present on endomyocardial biopsy, and develops_from a type IV hypersensitivity reaction with noncaseating granulomas infiltrating the myocardial tissue, especially that of the left ventricle. D. A sarcoidosis that is characterized by noncaseating granulomatous infiltration of the lungs and supporting lymph nodes, bilateral hilar adenopathy, and pulmonary issues, has_symptom shortness of breath, fatigue, wheezing, and chronic cough, and develops_from a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uveoparotid fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13404 1_1_tum1949z,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant habit scale method'?","A. Observe average achene position relative to the fruit surface on 3-5 fruit per genotype and record it. B. Observe fruit color uniformity from even or very slighly unevento strongly uneven. C. Observe and rate the resistance of the plant or plants per plot to Neopestalotiopsis sp., where 0 = complete resistance/symptomless and 6 = completely dead plants D. Observe the plant and assess the erectness or spreading of the leaves along the ground.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant habit scale method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000243 1_1_t1wyc3gt,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ culture in Montenegro'?","A. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Austria. B. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Norway. C. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Hungary. D. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Montenegro.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ culture in Montenegro,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001078 1_1_whtffsgh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'bhos#24-CoA(4-)'?","A. Conjugate base of bhos#24-CoA B. Conjugate base of ascr#17-CoA C. A sesterterpene. D. Hydrocarbons (and by extension, derivatives formed by substitution) having three or more cumulative double bonds, e.g. R2C=C=C=CR2.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,bhos#24-CoA(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139801 1_1_w1ywikl9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subjective rating or describe density of leaves in plant canopy'?","A. Percent of dead flowers B. Visual observation of disease presence of Exobasidium leaf and fruit spot C. Visual observation of insect presence of Plum curculio D. Visual rating of density of leaves in plant canopy",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Subjective rating or describe density of leaves in plant canopy,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000375 1_1_im6qa7di,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hemorrhage from respiratory passages'?","A. disease of the bronchus B. an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli C. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease D. Sepsis associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Hemorrhage from respiratory passages,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000521 1_1_1dkkd78h,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Instrument'?","A. An audio file, which may be available on a local file system or through http, ftp, etc. B. Vinyl used as medium to record a musical manifestation C. Any of various devices or contrivances that can be used to produce musical tones or sound. Any taxonomy can be used to subsume this concept. The default one is one extracted by Ivan Herman from the Musicbrainz instrument taxonomy, conforming to SKOS. This concept holds a seeAlso link towards this taxonomy. D. A show - a musical event lasting several days, in a particular venue. Examples can be ""The Magic Flute"" at the Opera Bastille, August 2005, or a musical in the west end...",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Instrument,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Instrument 1_1_w9fxicru,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somatic stem cell population maintenance. C. Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell population maintenance.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of somatic stem cell population maintenance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904674 1_1_utk0ei2v,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'convergent boundary'?","A. In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary or convergent plate boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide and where crust is being destroyed. [Wikipedia] B. The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. it is often a broad zone where the plate interactions are not well understood. [Wikipedia] C. Are where similar plant and animal fossils are found around different continent shores, suggesting that they were once joined. [Wikipedia] D. In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,convergent boundary,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/ConvergentBoundary 1_1_daamt86z,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'mepanipyrim'?","A. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. B. A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional methyl and 1-propynyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including grey mould on strawberries, tomatoes and cucumabers, and scab on apples and pears. C. A sesquiterpenoid that is 5-amino-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 2-methyl-4-[(1R,2S)-1,2,3-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]but-1-en-1-yl group and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-methylbutyl group. It is isolated from an Okinawan sponge Spongia sp.SS-1037 and exhibits moderate cytotoxicity against L1210 murine leukemia and KB human epidermoid carcinoma cells. D. An epoxide which is a carboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxirane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid with N-{3-[(4-aminobutyl)amino]propyl}-L-tyrosinamide. It is a natural product, isolated from Gliocladium sp. F-2665. TMC-52A acts as an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, particularly cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1), cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15), and papain (EC 3.4.22.2); IC50 values are 320 nM, 13 nM, and 44 nM, respectively. The epoxide group has trans configuration but its exact stereochemistry is uncertain: it is either (2R,3R) or (2S,3S).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,mepanipyrim,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6751 1_1_vjl251h1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'antagonist'?","A. Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. B. A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. C. Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. D. Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,antagonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706 1_1_392oghsw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'fixed power e-cigarette atomiser'?","A. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour. B. An e-cigarette atomiser which has only one power level. C. An e-cigarette atomiser which is built by the end user. D. An e-cigarette atomiser which the user can adjust to different levels of power.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,fixed power e-cigarette atomiser,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000237 1_1_6x4nqlp0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045591 1_1_ynvi5v9k,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'amphetamines'?","A. An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. B. Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. C. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. D. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,amphetamines,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35338 1_1_g11j0uk6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'white shammah'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of dried tobacco flakes. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa (sodium carbonate) are mixed to form a dry product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,white shammah,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001020 1_1_8j877tmz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'time management'?","A. A skill realized in managing one's own time and the time of others. B. A skill realized in determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes. C. A skill realized in determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. D. A skill realized in using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,time management,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000052 1_1_qzm593g5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'neural plate pattern specification'?","A. The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. B. The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. C. The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. D. Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,neural plate pattern specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060896 1_1_sfwr44vb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 45'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the FBXO31 gene on chromosome 16q24. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by delayed speech development, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and relatively normal life span and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the C12ORF4 gene on chromosome 12p13. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TRMT1 gene on chromosome 19p13. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia, delayed psychomotor development, poor feeding, and failure to thrive with onset in early infancy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the UFC1 gene on chromosome 1q23.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 45,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081209 1_1_9xa65nbi,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'zarda'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which leaf tobacco is air-cured, stemmed, sweetened and flavoured with sugar and liquorice, and cut or granulated into small strips of shredded tobacco B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco is mixed with aromatic substances, salts, water, and other hydrating agents to form a tobacco-based paste that is sold in toothpaste-like tubes. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled and dried tobacco leaves are mixed with lime, spices and vegetable dyes (sometimes areca nut and/or silver flecks) to make a flaky product. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,zarda,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001015 1_1_0mntuzh4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Binning clustering method'?","A. A stochastic algorithm for population pharmacology modeling B. This algorithm offers improved confidence scores, quality scores for SNP’s and batches, higher accuracy on different datasets and better performance. C. This includes exhaustive enumeration, triple-based inference,pairwise heuristic, module based inference, greedy hillclimbing D. binning clustering method- The algorithm uses single-linkage clustering to join compounds into similarity groups, where every member in a cluster shares with at least one other member a similarity value above a user-specified threshold. The algorithm is optimized for speed and memory eciency by avoiding the calculation of an all-against-all distance matrix.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Binning clustering method,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000049 1_1_f22ymf0j,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry river'?","A. A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. B. A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. C. A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. D. A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dry river,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000995 1_1_1brvvhnx,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypotaurine'?","A. An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. B. An ester in which one or both oxygens of an ester group have been replaced by divalent sulfur. C. An aminosulfinic acid comprising ethylamine having the sulfo group at the 2-position. D. A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hypotaurine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16668 1_1_gacdmhav,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'serosa of fundus of stomach'?","A. The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. B. The outermost layer of the stomach wall, consisting of layers of connective tissue continuous with the peritoneum. C. A serous membrane that is part of a fundus of stomach. D. Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,serosa of fundus of stomach,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012503 1_1_6y6w8648,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'megasporangium endothecium'?","A. A sporangium wall endothecium that is part of a megasporangium wall. B. A plant tissue development stage that has as primary participant a portion of vascular tissue . C. A portion of ground tissue that is the sub-epidermal layer of a sporangium wall . D. A sporangium wall endothecium that is part of a microsporangium wall .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,megasporangium endothecium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025310 1_1_nkjxuf6a,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'snpMatrix'?","A. ACME (Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment) is a set of tools for analysing tiling array ChIP/chip, DNAse hypersensitivity, or other experiments that result in regions of the genome showing ""enrichment"". It does not rely on a specific array technology (although the array should be a ""tiling"" array), is very general (can be applied in experiments resulting in regions of enrichment), and is very insensitive to array noise or normalization methods. It is also very fast and can be applied on whole-genome tiling array experiments quite easily with enough memory. B. GlobalAncova approach: After appropriate normalisation, gene-expression-data appear rather symmetrical and outliers are no real problem, so least squares should be rather robust. ANCOVA with interaction yields saturated data modelling e.g. different means per group and gene. Covariate adjustment can help to correct for possible selection bias. Variance homogeneity and uncorrelated residuals cannot be expected. Application of ordinary least squares gives unbiased, but no longer optimal estimates (Gauss-Markov-Aitken). Therefore, using the classical F-test is inappropriate, due to correlation. The test statistic however mirrors deviations from the null hypothesis. In combination with a permutation approach, empirical significance levels can be approximated. Alternatively, an approximation yields asymptotic p-values. C. Routines for univariate and multivariate outlier detection with a focus on parametric methods, but support for some methods based on resistant statistics D. Implements classes and methods for large-scale SNP association studies",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,snpMatrix,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000701 1_1_ui7z8jw4,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Extendable contract'?","A. Class of the contract that have lots. B. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. D. Class describing contracts whose end date can be extended.",D,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Extendable contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#ExtendableContract 1_1_qq628k20,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking'?","A. The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. B. The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. C. The process during courtship where the male fly licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. D. The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016546 1_1_1wmi2gzi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-ribofuranose'?","A. A cyclic ribose having a 5-membered tetrahydrofuran ring; the predominant (C3'-endo) form of the two cyclic structures (the other is the ""C2'-endo"" form, having a 6-membered ring) adopted by ribose in aqueous solution. B. A ribose in which the chiral carbon atom furthest away from the aldehyde group (C4') has the same configuration as in D-glyceraldehyde. C. Amount of 2-methylcitric acid in the urine above the upper limit of normal. D. A ribofuranose having D-configuration.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,D-ribofuranose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47013 1_1_6igu63u3,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Heatplus'?","A. seqLogo takes the position weight matrix of a DNA sequence motif and plots the corresponding sequence logo B. Functions for computing and displaying sample size information for gene expression arrays. C. Bayesian integrated analysis of Affymetrix GeneChips D. Add an extra graphical display at the bottom of a heat map, indicating for each column a) whether it has one of several binary properties or not, and b) the value of a quantitative variable. A cutting threshold for the sample dendrogram can also be specified, and the resulting clustering of the columns is indicated by coloring both the dendrogram and the extra variable display.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Heatplus,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000224 1_1_zm229qei,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'amictic lake'?","A. A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. B. A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. C. A lake which has nutrient-poor water. D. A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,amictic lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000284 1_1_kt7kcauy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hymen of vagina'?","A. Smooth muscle fiber group arranged in bundles. B. Portion of lymph contained in a lymph trunks and in lymphatic vessels of higher than primary order. C. Organ segment which is regional part of vagina. Examples: pelvic part of vagina, hymen of vagina. D. Segment of vagina, each instance of which is a membranous fold that partially or wholly occludes the external orifice of some vagina.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hymen of vagina,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20005 1_1_b0blh9io,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'craniosynostosis 6'?","A. A craniosynostosis that is characterized by radiohumeral synostosis present from the perinatal period. B. A craniosynostosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ZIC1 gene on chromosome 3q24. C. A craniosynostosis that involves premature fusion of certain skull bones. This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face. The disease is associated with mutations in the FGFR2 gene. D. A craniosynostosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TWIST1 gene on chromosome 7p21.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,craniosynostosis 6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0061008 1_1_icxzvu5u,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'condensed'?","A. A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. B. A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. C. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. D. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,condensed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001485 1_1_8nf7zj3c,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chondrocalcinosis'?","A. An arthritis that is an autoimmune disease which attacks healthy cells and tissue located_in joint. B. An arthritis that has_material_basis_in the accumulation of salt crystals located_in joint. C. A bone inflammation disease that involves a response to irritation or injury, characterized by joint pain, swelling, stiffness located_in joint. D. An arthritis that is characterized by joint inflammation that usually occurs in combination with psoriasis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,chondrocalcinosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1156 1_1_lymu2njn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to alkaloid'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. B. A process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrogen compound stimulus.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,response to alkaloid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043279 1_1_v6pkney8,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'LC-MS measurement'?","A. Measurement of fatty acid C20:1 content B. Laboratory analysis of nitrogen content in the infertile tillers of a sample. C. Direct measurement of a liquid chromatography mass spectrum D. Measurement of the delta-tocopherol content",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,LC-MS measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005647 1_1_zyszqpxs,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fiat surface'?","A. (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity B. (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity C. It is a fiat surface that is 'located in' the external surface of a 'geological object'. D. (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected",D,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,fiat surface,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000146 1_1_rawsow6m,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'art therapist'?","A. Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and help prevent disorders and diseases of the eye. May also provide vision services for treatment including glasses and contacts. B. Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property. C. Plan or conduct art therapy sessions or programs to improve clients' physical, cognitive, or emotional well-being. D. Teach courses pertaining to the laws of matter and energy. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,art therapist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29112901 1_1_a3phk0zx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'synovial joint of pelvic girdle'?","A. A synovial joint that is part of a pelvic girdle region. B. A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. C. A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. D. The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,synovial joint of pelvic girdle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011107 1_1_nhrv2js7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf chlorophyll content - Method - 40 days after germination'?","A. Measurement of leaf Sodium content. B. SCMR [SPAD (Soil Plant Analytical Development) Chlorophyll Meter Readings] taken in the morning 60 days following germination using the first expanded leaves of 4 lateral branches on each plant. C. SCMR [SPAD (Soil Plant Analytical Development) Chlorophyll Meter Readings] taken in the morning 40 days following germination using the first expanded leaves of 4 lateral branches on each plant. D. Measurement of leaf Potassium content.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf chlorophyll content - Method - 40 days after germination,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000658 1_1_bu4g71hb,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'construct capturing device'?","A. Building of a trap, web, net, or other structure to help ensnare potential food items. B. Suite of behaviors involved in securing a prey item once it has been located. C. Behaviors in which predator forces potential prey to emerge from cover. D. Approach to prey in manner designed to avoid early detection by prey.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,construct capturing device,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0020137 1_1_vs7wn0u6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve'?","A. Leaflet of tricuspid valve which is attached to the anterior and septal papillary muscles through the chorda tendinea of right ventricle. B. Leaflet of tricuspid valve which is attached to the posterior and septal papillary muscles through the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle. C. Leaflet of tricuspid valve which is attached to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles through the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle. D. Leaf of caridac valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets that is is attached to the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle and the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7238 1_1_km48bets,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation stellate cell'?","A. Any stellate cell that is part of a dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation. B. A neuron that has dendritic processes radiating from the cell body forming a star-like shape. C. Any basket cell that is part of a dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation. D. A granule cell that has soma location in the dentate gyrus cell layer of the hippocampal formation and has an elliptical cell body and characteristic cone-shaped tree of spiny apical dendrites. The branches extend throughout the molecular layer and the distal tips of the dendritic tree end just at the hippocampal fissure or at the ventricular surface. The dentate gyrus granule cell is the principal cell type of the dentate gyrus.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation stellate cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000090 1_1_65r49c85,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'radio, cellular, or tower equipment installer or repairer'?","A. Install, adjust, or maintain mobile electronics communication equipment, including sound, sonar, security, navigation, and surveillance systems on trains, watercraft, or other mobile equipment. B. Repair, install, or maintain mobile or stationary radio transmitting, broadcasting, and receiving equipment, and two-way radio communications systems used in cellular telecommunications, mobile broadband, ship-to-shore, aircraft-to-ground communications, and radio equipment in service and emergency vehicles. May test and analyze network coverage. C. Operate, install, adjust, and maintain integrated computer/communications systems, consoles, simulators, and other data acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment, which are used to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles. May record and interpret test data. D. Teach vocational courses intended to provide occupational training below the baccalaureate level in subjects such as construction, mechanics/repair, manufacturing, transportation, or cosmetology, primarily to students who have graduated from or left high school. Teaching takes place in public or private schools whose primary business is academic or vocational education.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"radio, cellular, or tower equipment installer or repairer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49202100 1_1_oo8gh8y0,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-chlorophenylacetic acid'?","A. The O-feruloyl derivative of 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. B. A member of the class of azobenzenes that is azobenzene in which the para position of one of the phenyl groups is substituted by a carboxy group, whilst that of the other phenyl group is substituted by a sulfo group. C. A monosaccharide derivative consisting of D-galactose having a 1-carboxyethylidene group masking the 4-and 6-positions. D. A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-chlorophenylacetic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30749 1_1_hbpnsjch,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of iridophore differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of iridophore differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050937 1_1_mihfzljw,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism'?","A. A bodily disposition whose realization ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organisms, where ""ordinarily"" means within a typical range or context. B. The process of forcing a substance into the bloodstream of another organism, whilst feeding on blood of other organism. The substance may facilitate the feeding process, e.g. by preventing the blood from clotting. C. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism. D. The process of forcing a substance into another organism, either by penetrating the skin of the other organism or by applying the substance externally to a sensitive tissue such as those that surround the eyes.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044370 1_1_zq8xtuo1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'civil engineering technologist or technician'?","A. Apply theory and principles of mechanical engineering to modify, develop, test, or adjust machinery and equipment under direction of engineering staff or physical scientists. B. Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff. C. Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events. D. Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,civil engineering technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302200 1_1_10ww09hj,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amyloid-beta clearance'?","A. The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors. B. The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. C. The organic response of tissues to external insult, injury or underlying genetic or epigenetic lesion. D. Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,amyloid-beta clearance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097242 1_1_js2491ki,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice surface layer'?","A. A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris B. A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. C. A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. D. A surface layer which is composed primarily of ice.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ice surface layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001542 1_1_ggtgp1jo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cell cycle process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of cell cycle process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010948 1_1_w69gfa5e,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'soil bulk density'?","A. A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. B. The mass density of some soil. C. A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume. D. A volumetric density quality which inheres in soil by virtue of some influence exerted by the soil's mass on a given volume.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,soil bulk density,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00010005 1_1_pi5u38ib,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with angina pectoris'?","A. When plaque (fatty deposits) clogs your arteries B. occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity and loss of height. C. A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries that occurs with formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the arterial intima. D. A condition in which arteries become narrower and slow down the flow of blood accompanied with chest pain",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with angina pectoris,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000496 1_1_zrqpc9ha,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Double digit (00-99) method - Computation'?","A. Compute Rust coefficient of infection (CI) by multiplying the severity times a constant for host response: where immune = 0.0, R=0.2, MR =0.4, MS =0.8, and S=1.0. B. Compute harvest index as the ratio of economic yield (grain) to aboveground biomass. C. Compute overall severity after disease evaluation in the field using the double-digit scale (00-99). The first digit (D1) indicates disease progress in the canopy height from the ground level the second digit (D2) refers to measured severity based on diseased leaf area. Both D1 and D2 are scored on a scale of 1 to 9. For each score percentage disease severity is estimated based on the following formula: Severity (%) = ( (D1/9) x (D2/9) x 100) D. Compute overall severity after disease evaluation in the field using the double-digit scale (00-99). The first digit (D1) indicates disease progress in the canopy height from the ground level the second digit (D2) refers to measured severity based on diseased leaf area. Both D1 and D2 are scored on a scale of 1 to 9. For each score percentage disease severity is estimated based on the following formula: Severity (%) = ( (D1/9) x (D2/9) x 100)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Double digit (00-99) method - Computation,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000471 1_1_pea9ypy9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'low weight gain in pregnancy, third trimester'?","A. Fatigue caused from being pregnant, pregnancy is in the third trimester B. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the third trimester C. when a mother gains weight during pregnancy D. a rare, itchy skin eruption that usually happens in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often begins with the appearance of very itchy red bumps or blisters on your abdomen and trunk, though it can show up on other parts of your body",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"low weight gain in pregnancy, third trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000500 1_1_6hg66jia,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'floor plate'?","A. The specialized glial structure (non-neuronal cells) situated at the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube; this structure spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions, separating the left and right basal plates of the developing neural tube, and serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube. B. A mucosa that is part of a fallopian tube [Automatically generated definition]. C. A cortex that is part of a hair [Automatically generated definition]. D. In mammals, the pronephros is the first of the three embryonic kidneys to be established and exists only transiently. In lower vertebrates such as fish and amphibia, the pronephros is the fully functional embryonic kidney and is indispensible for larval life[GO].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,floor plate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003079 1_1_tozx7om2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Average finger peel thickness'?","A. A description of what made the plant recogniseable as an off-type. B. The stage of maturity of the bunch at harvest. C. The weight of all the hands of the bunch, excluding the rachis. D. The average thickness of the peel of a finger.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Average finger peel thickness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000355 1_1_xrbspayd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rdbi'?","A. Many functions for computing the NPMLE for censored and truncated data. B. Some functions for sample classification in microarrays C. Generic database methods D. The package is used to detect extended, diffuse and compact blemishes on microarray chips. Harshlight automatically marks the areas in a collection of chips (affybatch objects) and a corrected AffyBatch object is returned, in which the defected areas are substituted with NAs or the median of the values of the same probe in the other chips in the collection. The new version handle the substitue value as whole matrix to solve the memory problem.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Rdbi,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000353 1_1_vnbkkdrh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(2E,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA'?","A. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 3 double bonds at unknown positions. B. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 5,6-epoxy-(8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoic acid. C. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2E,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoic acid. D. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (15Z,18Z,21Z,24Z)-3-oxotriacontatetraenoic acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(2E,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoA",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76547 1_1_ngtjdchz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Regular atrial cardiac myocyte'?","A. Regular cardiac myocyte of a cardiac atrium. B. Cardiac myocyte that is connected together by transverse intercalated discs at a regular interval. C. Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. D. Regular cardiac myocyte of a cardiac ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Regular atrial cardiac myocyte,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83108 1_1_6tq931sg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'systemic bioavailability'?","A. A data item which is about the amount of cigarette smoking a person does and is the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by a person over a period. B. A data item that is about an intervention and is the estimated financial cost of delivering that intervention to a population in a setting in order to gain one QALY in the population. C. The extent and rate at which a substance is absorbed in order to have a physiological affect on the whole body. D. A data item that indicates the number of years an individual was or has been in education.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,systemic bioavailability,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000767 1_1_q479yc8e,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'partial pressure'?","A. The pressure that a component of a gaseous mixture would have if it alone occupied the same volume at the same temperature as the mixture. B. Force per unit area. C. In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. D. The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of gravitational attraction exerted upon the column of air lying directly above the point in question.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,partial pressure,http://sweetontology.net/propPressure/PartialPressure 1_1_ljp2kykz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in muscle damage in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of the cytosolic argininosuccinate synthase in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in muscle damage in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044521 1_1_0lc7rmva,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'inappropriate sexual behavior'?","A. How one chooses (or is forced) to express their sexuality. B. Refraining from sexual intercourse for any reason. C. Human sexual behavior deemed inappropriate. D. Human behavior deemed inappropriate.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,inappropriate sexual behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008768 1_1_yakl9hjd,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit initiation stage'?","A. A fruit development stage that begins with the formation of a plant zygote that is contained in the fruit being studied and ends when that fruit's fruit ripening stage begins. B. A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 30 to 50% of its final size. C. A fruit formation stage that begins when the plant cells in a fruit begin to divide or expand, and ends when the fruit has reached 10% of its final size. D. A fruit formation stage that begins with the formation of a plant zygote that is contained in the fruit being studied and ends when the plant cells in the fruit begin to divide or expand.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fruit initiation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025503 1_1_ox1basgz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Percent soluble solids'?","A. Measured with HPLC, reported as mg/100 gram of fresh tissue weight B. Average weight (g) of one fruit calculated from 30 fruit sample C. Measurement of sugar content or ripeness determined using a handheld refractometer D. Measurement of plant upright growth in centimeters",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Percent soluble solids,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000417 1_1_i0ynmhfc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Web blight - Method'?","A. Visual assessment of web blight affected leaf area per plot B. Visual rating of wilting/stunting/health 3 weeks after root-clip-dip innoculation with Fusarium race 3 C. Visual rating of leaf affected by smut D. Recorded when peduncles have reached full length",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Web blight - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000366 1_1_d300mhx4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'indole alkaloid metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving an indole alkaloid, an alkaloid containing an indole skeleton.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,indole alkaloid metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035834 1_1_dh81vj7v,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'scattering'?","A. In a broad sense, the process by which matter is excited to radiate by an external source of electromagnetic radiation, as distinguished from emission of radiation by matter, which occurs even in the absence of such a source. B. The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance. C. scattering of waves (photons) that reverse the direction of propagation D. A change of direction and possibly amplitude of an electromagnetic, acoustic, or any other wave propagating in a material medium, homogeneous on the scale of the wavelength, as a consequence of spatial variation in the properties of the medium.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,scattering,http://sweetontology.net/procWave/Scattering 1_1_sfw995g7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily cigarette smoker'?","A. A daily tobacco smoker whose who engages in cigarette smoking every day. B. A daily cigarette smoker who is not seeking smoking cessation treatment. C. A daily cigarette smoker who, when circumstances allow, smokes continually with little or no tempora gap between cigarettes for much of their waking hours. D. A daily tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking every day.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily cigarette smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000368 1_1_iny7rvxp,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'fibrous ring of heart'?","A. A jaw muscle that arises from cranial mesenchyme and is innervated by cranial nerves. B. The middle layer of the muscularis; it is continuous with the circular layer of the esophagus, but is absent in the fundus and lies concentric to the longitudinal axis of the stomach; the circular layer is normally tonically constricted forming a functional pyloric sphincter, which controls the movement of chyme into the duodenum. C. A circular muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a esophagus. D. A ring of ribrous tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular and arterial orifices.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,fibrous ring of heart,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006008 1_1_x99xszhe,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Propagation of uncertainty in microarray analysis'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Propagation of uncertainty in microarray analysis,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000323 1_1_ud3iua8x,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Minor duodenal papilla'?","A. Duodenal papilla, each instance of which is site of opening of some accessory pancreatic duct into lumen of some duodenum. B. Variant anatomical structure, each instance of which is some fold of mucous membrane occasionally found in the roof of the navicular fossa of some male urethra. C. Segment of arm in the shoulder region. D. Duodenal papilla, each instance of which is site of opening of some conjoined bile duct and main pancreatic duct into lumen of some duodenum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Minor duodenal papilla,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15075 1_1_hilixl7f,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ACE 2 inhibitor therapy'?","A. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. B. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in a reduction in angiotensin II and angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, causing vasodilation and natriuresis. C. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. D. A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ACE 2 inhibitor therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000656 1_1_uj6merue,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Segment of lactiferous gland'?","A. Organ segment which is regional part of pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube, isthmus of pharyngotympanic tube. B. Organ segment which is regional part of lactiferous duct. Examples: lactiferous duct, lactiferous duct tree. C. Organ segment which is regional part of ureter. Examples: abdominal part of ureter, renal pelvis, major calyx. D. Organ segment which is regional part of lacrimal duct. Examples: nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Segment of lactiferous gland,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86193 1_1_s2xbqq7q,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'landscape'?","A. A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Flood basalts have occurred on continental scales (large igneous provinces) in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. [Wikipedia] B. A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill). A hillock is a small hill. [Wikipedia] C. A landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land, including physical elements such as landforms, living elements of flora and fauna, abstract elements such as lighting and weather conditions, and human elements, for instance human activity or the built environment. Landscape may also signify the objects around one in a building. D. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,landscape,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandform/Landscape 1_1_reylaf5l,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fish farm'?","A. An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. B. An ecosystem which either 1) has its functions and composition determined by agricultural processes or entities or 2) is formed as the result of an agricultural land conversion process. C. A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market D. A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,fish farm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000294 1_1_8b6h6b71,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior tibial artery'?","A. The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the posterior tibial vein, along its course. [WP,unvetted]. B. A collection of protruberances derived from pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 that develop into the folds of the pinna and gradually shift upwards and backwards to their final position on the head. C. The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and pes. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot. D. The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. [WP,unvetted].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,anterior tibial artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001537 1_1_jw7twzj0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GenomeGraphs'?","A. Data analysis, linear models and differential expression for microarray data. B. Genomic data analyses requires integrated visualization of known genomic information and new experimental data. GenomeGraphs uses the biomaRt package to perform live annotation queries to Ensembl and translates this to e.g. gene/transcript structures in viewports of the grid graphics package. This results in genomic information plotted together with your data. Another strength of GenomeGraphs is to plot different data types such as array CGH, gene expression, sequencing and other data, together in one plot using the same genome coordinate system. C. Quality control of Affymetrix GeneChip expression data and reproducibility analysis of human whole genome chips with the MAQC reference datasets. D. The package is used to detect extended, diffuse and compact blemishes on microarray chips. Harshlight automatically marks the areas in a collection of chips (affybatch objects) and a corrected AffyBatch object is returned, in which the defected areas are substituted with NAs or the median of the values of the same probe in the other chips in the collection. The new version handle the substitue value as whole matrix to solve the memory problem.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GenomeGraphs,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000205 1_1_ksevqiq4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Crigler-Najjar syndrome'?","A. A bilirubin metabolic disorder that involves a build up of bilirubin as bilirubin is not being broken down as a result of a lack or deficiency of the enzyme uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT). B. A bilirubin metabolic disorder that involves elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin without elevation of liver alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase enzymes as a result of the deficient ability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into the bile. C. A bilirubin metabolic disorder that involves elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin as bilirubin is not being conjugated as a result of reduced glucuronyltransferase activity. D. An inherited metabolic disorder that involves elevated levels of bilirubin resulting from disruption of bilirubin metabolism.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Crigler-Najjar syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3803 1_1_re80c6es,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lymphangioblast'?","A. A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes). B. Lymphatic progenitor cells, derived from the veins, that give rise to lymphatic endothelial cells. C. A multifate stem cell found in skeletal muscle than can differentiate into many different cell types, including muscle. Distinct cell type from satellite cell. D. Lymphatic progenitor cells.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lymphangioblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0005020 1_1_qsi99385,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'microspike assembly'?","A. Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell. B. Formation of dendrites, branched cellular projections (or cytoplasmic extension) that are extended from the surface of a dendritic immune cell, and which enable the cell to sample luminal pathogens and increase the surface area for antigen presentation to T cells. C. Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell. D. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell projection in response to mating pheromone. This process is observed in unicellular fungi.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,microspike assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030035 1_1_9bg1ewqi,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MeasurementError.cor'?","A. SAFE is a resampling-based method for testing functional categories is gene expression experiments. SAFE can be applied to 2-sample and multi-class comparisons, or simple linear regressions. Other experimental designs can also be accommodated through user-defined functions. B. RNAither analyzes cell-based RNAi screens, and includes quality assessment, customizable normalization and statistical tests, leading to lists of significant genes and biological processes C. Two-stage measurement error model for correlation estimation with smaller bias than the usual sample correlation D. Sample size and power analysis for microarray data, where two groups are analysed.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MeasurementError.cor,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000292 1_1_qm62gp4z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Crista philtri'?","A. Anatomical point of face at the junction of superior margin of tragus and lateral border of skin of face. B. Anatomical point of head located in the viscerocranium or its adjacent soft tissues. C. Anatomical point of face located at apex of medial palpebral commissure. D. Anatomical point of face at the junction of lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Crista philtri,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281705 1_1_aqqn7tog,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Other pleural conditions'?","A. increased amounts of fluid in pleural cavity B. There are three types of pleural disorders—pleurisy, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax—and they have varying causes. C. diseases affecting the pleura, a membrane that lines the thorax D. The most frequent air leak, called a pneumothorax, is when the air collects between the lung and the chest wall.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Other pleural conditions,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000200 1_1_jsyuhp0x,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'desipramine'?","A. A bioactive polypeptide of 39 amino acid residues isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). High-affinity glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (Kd = 136 pM); potently induces cAMP formation without stimulating amylase release in pancreatic acini; potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated rat islets; protects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. A synthetic version is called exenatide. B. A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies. C. A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. D. A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,desipramine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47781 1_1_se8c6yvy,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ribitol-5-phosphatase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: a phospholipid + H2O = a lipid + phosphate. B. Catalysis of the reaction: ribitol-5-phosphate + H20 = ribitol + phosphate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + H2O = 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 8-phospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + H2O = 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate + phosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ribitol-5-phosphatase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0110130 1_1_ua0gukmf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'metal worker or plastic worker, all other'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend plating machines to coat metal or plastic products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal to protect or decorate surfaces. Typically, the product being coated is immersed in molten metal or an electrolytic solution. B. Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters. C. Perform precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing, or grinding of metal objects. D. All metal workers and plastic workers not listed separately.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"metal worker or plastic worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51419900 1_1_ov6zw3x0,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Beginning of Existence'?","A. This class comprises events that bring into existence any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite, and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises events that end the existence of any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. In cases where substance from an instance of E77 Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented as instances of E81 Transformation.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E63 Beginning of Existence,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E63_Beginning_of_Existence 1_1_7vuivact,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'khamsin'?","A. (Also spelled camsin, chamsin, kamsin, khamasseen, khemsin.) A dry, dusty, and generally hot desert wind in Egypt and over the Red Sea. It is generally southerly or southeasterly, occurring in front of depressions moving eastward across North Africa or the southeastern Mediterranean. The deep khamsins occur in spring with depressions traveling east-northeast across the northern Sahara. They are preceded by a heat wave lasting about three days and are followed by a duststorm. The passage of the depression is marked by a cold front bringing Mediterranean air and a sudden drop in temperature. See ghibli, chili, sirocco. B. An east or southeast desert wind in Morocco (North Africa), especially in the north. C. A wind blowing from the desert. D. A hot dust-bearing desert wind in Tripolitania (northwestern Libya), similar to the foehn.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,khamsin,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Khamsin 1_1_33a8mqh3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual normativity'?","A. Any of various kinds of normativity based on some aspect of gender. B. Any of various kinds of normativity based on environment. C. Any of various kinds of normativity based on age. D. Any of various kinds of normativity based on sexuality.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual normativity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011314 1_1_opy96sn3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hemorrhage of anus and rectum DP'?","A. Disease of the anus or rectum B. a problem with how your stomach and bowels function or work C. bleeding in the rectum caused by various things such as infections, proctitis, etc. D. Diverticular disease consists of three conditions that involve the development of small sacs or pockets in the wall of the colon, including diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hemorrhage of anus and rectum DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000314 1_1_tfin8pd2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus severity'?","A. Pod damage caused by Maruca (insect) attack B. Infestation by Leaf rust C. Damage caused by aphid in specialized nursery D. Severity of the symtoms caused by cowpea blackeye mosaic virus",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus severity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000323 1_1_llsha43b,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cork defects percent - Tangential section protocol'?","A. Notation of the date in cumulative night lentgh after July 1st that the observed score is reached for the first time B. Measured at 1m from the ground with a graduated ribbon C. Measured below the largest branch of the tree with a calliper graduated in millimeters D. Defects are quantified in the two tangential of 20 × 20 cm boards cut from the previous 30 × 30 cm boiled planks, and also in four strips of 20 × 1 cm (obtained from the same 30 × 30 cm samples), corresponding to Tangential surfaces (two strips for each surface). Each of the four faces of the 20 × 20 cm boards and the two faces of the 20 × 1 cm strips were photographed with a camera (10 mega pixels resolution). The defect areas were measured by image analysis, defining the limiting color threshold by visual inspection, using the Leica QWin software (V3.X—Leica Microsystems, Germany). Lengths were calibrated using a calibration ruler. The two types of defects (cork porosity and nail inclusions) were measured separately and the defect areas were expressed as a percentage of the total area of cork under analysis.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Cork defects percent - Tangential section protocol,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:2000210 1_1_fb6fl1mi,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'truncated'?","A. The death rate, or proportion of a given population that dies, during a specified time period, statistically modified to eliminate the effect of the various age distributions. B. Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. C. A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). D. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's terminating abruptly by having or as if having an end or point cut off.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,truncated,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000936 1_1_f6pvt7x7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'exposed'?","A. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the stalk of an organism relative to another entity. B. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. C. Open to view or not covered by another entity. D. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,exposed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002425 1_1_yawxwifv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate'?","A. A rate of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) that in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time. B. A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position. C. A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine). D. The death rate, or proportion of a given population that dies, during a specified time period, statistically modified to eliminate the effect of the various age distributions.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C53360 1_1_qhp4xrme,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'collagen type XII trimer'?","A. A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XXII) chains; type XXII collagen triple helices acts as a cell adhesion ligand for skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts. B. A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XX) chains. C. A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils. D. A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,collagen type XII trimer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005595 1_1_3xuhkoae,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily number of puffs on a cigarette'?","A. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. B. A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed within a defined period. C. A data item that is the percentage of study participants who were eligible for follow-up but could not be contacted at a follow-up point. D. A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a cigarette.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily number of puffs on a cigarette,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000657 1_1_7z2ancnp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'thorn'?","A. A branch that is prostrate or trailing, and produces adventitious nodal roots and sometimes erect shoots. B. A branch that is slender and coiling. C. A branch that is a sclerified, pointed outgrowth. D. A branch that is part of a gametophore.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,thorn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025172 1_1_nr8civqd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 110'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by profound global developmental delay and hypotonia apparent in infancy followed by onset of seizures in the first months or years of life that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CACNA2D1 gene on chromosome 7q21. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of various types of frequent seizures within the first year of life and profound global developmental delay with limited ability to move and absent speech that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the UFSP2 gene on chromosome 4q35. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first weeks or months of life, severe to profound developmental delay, hypotonia, and impaired motor and cognitive development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN3A gene on chromosome 2q24. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early neonatal refractory seizures, respiratory failure, structural brain abnormalities and cerebral edema, with death within weeks after birth that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GLS on chromosome 2q32.2.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 110,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070395 1_1_ihi8bayu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sufficiency fallacy'?","A. The informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may or may not be logically valid and sound, but (whose conclusion) fails to address the issue in question. B. An informal fallacy in which there is some confusion or ambiguity over the meaning or meanings of a word, phrase, or argument. C. An informal fallacy in which evidence fails to provide strong enough support for a conclusion or conclusions. D. An argument in which a party asserts that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant (usually negative) effect.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sufficiency fallacy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010973 1_1_w3nn61sw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine carcinosarcoma'?","A. A uterine body mixed cancer that derives_from epithelial cells which originate in glandular tissue and connective tissue. B. A uterine body mixed cancer that has_material_basis_in both endometrial carcinoma and sarcoma. C. An adenosarcoma and malignant uterine body mixed neoplasm that derives_from the glands that line the uterus. D. A uterine corpus cancer that has_material_basis_in more than one type of cell.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uterine carcinosarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6171 1_1_jczhk9gf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-glucosyl-D-mannose'?","A. A glycosylmannose that is beta-D-mannopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-mannopyranoside. B. A glycosylmannose with both components having D-configuration. C. A glycosylmannose that is D-mannopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-galactofuranosyl derivative. D. A glycosylmannose that is beta-D-mannopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl derivative.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-glucosyl-D-mannose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21010 1_1_lx9w8gl4,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Comparative Study'?","A. Research conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which an investigator directly interacts with human subjects; includes development of new technologies, study of mechanisms of human diseases, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiologic, behavior, and health services research. B. Comparison of outcomes, results, responses, etc for different techniques, therapeutic approaches or other inputs. C. A study in which participants with no known disease are initially assessed, and then reassessed for the same characteristic at mutiple timepoints in the future. D. A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups to evaluate treatments. The study also includes a control group, which is undergoing the same rigors of the study with placebo treatment or standard treatment. The trial can also be controlled by the addition of a test group to ensure there are no factors present to skew the results and by the inclusion of peer-review analysis by appropriate government officials. 2005",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Comparative Study,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SCDO_0000268 1_1_2jk8orvl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'food (dried)'?","A. Food material which is preserved by soaking and storing it in vinegar or brine. B. A product of the dry seeds of Vicia sativa. C. Food material which has been dried. D. Food material which is the output of a food preservation process.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,food (dried),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03307539 1_1_6uz0gd0v,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis I. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of metaphase/anaphase transition of meiosis II,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905190 1_1_ilall8h0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinitis pigmentosa 72'?","A. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ZNF408 gene on chromosome 11p11. B. A retinitis pigmentosa characterized by central visual disturbance, visual field defects, and nyctalopia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ARHGEF18 gene on chromosome 19p13. C. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the DHDDS gene on chromosome 1p36.11. D. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the IFT43 gene on chromosome 14q24.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinitis pigmentosa 72,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110395 1_1_77to08tb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Emphysema'?","A. A chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, and rapid breathing. An attack may be brought on by pet hair, dust, smoke, pollen, mold, exercise, cold air, or stress. B. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. C. (bron-kye-tis) inflammation (swelling and reddening) of the bronchi. D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Emphysema,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000172 1_1_338hwztd,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'psychotic disorder'?","A. A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature. B. A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. C. A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. D. A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,psychotic disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2468 1_1_zcpq2omn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'African histoplasmosis'?","A. A histoplasmosis that results in systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii, transmitted by airborne spores and results in formation of nodules, results in formation of ulcers and results in formation of osteolytic bone lesions. B. A visceral heterotaxy that is characterized by a failure to generate normal left-right visceral asymmetry during embryogenesis, which can result in heterotaxy syndrome or situs inversus totalis and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CFAP45 gene on chromosome 1q23. C. A histoplasmosis that results in systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum, transmitted by airborne spores and has symptom nonproductive cough, has symptom headache, has symptom loss of appetite and has symptom muscle pains. D. A primary systemic mycosis that results in systemic fungal infection, has_material_basis_in Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum or has_material_basis_in Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii, transmitted_by airborne spores and has_symptom nonproductive cough, has_symptom headache, has_symptom loss of appetite and has_symptom muscle pains.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,African histoplasmosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11315 1_1_9ge46zfn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002715 1_1_snh1za8i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostatic capsule'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a oviduct [Automatically generated definition]. B. An adventitia that is part of a epididymis. C. The membrane the surrounds the prostate gland. D. The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,prostatic capsule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035316 1_1_hvh2wk3l,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'retention'?","A. The partial structure of time consciousness that relates to retaining past events in memory and linking them to present events (e.g. how the individual tones in a melody is intuitively linked together to form a whole). B. The partial structure of time consciousness that relates to linking and projecting the content of immediate moments to future moments (e.g. how the path of a moving object is intuitively projected). C. The intentional structural capacity to experience lived time. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,retention,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000082 1_1_uenyohad,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'aquaculture farm'?","A. An agricultural aquatic ecosystem in which fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants and algae are cultivated. B. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. C. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. D. A terrace which is used for agricultural activities.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,aquaculture farm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600074 1_1_tzidjxs3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucosa of large intestine'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. B. A mucosa that is part of an appendix [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mucosa of large intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001207 1_1_ledgeujj,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alzheimer's DP, unspecified'?","A. Unspecified loss of memory, language,and other thinking abilities in a patient with Alzheimer's B. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities. C. characterized by clinical symptoms and signs of AD that become apparent after the age of 60. D. Other form of Alzheimer's disease (diseases where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over time)",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"alzheimer's DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000301 1_1_4n0vjh5j,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'signal'?","A. A musical expression representing a group of signals, for example a set of masters resulting from a whole recording/mastering session. B. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording. C. Lyrics D. Libretto",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,signal,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Signal 1_1_2waxhwvc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetylation'?","A. Formation of a covalent bond between a substrate and an acetyl group. B. A molecular process in which a covalent bond is formed. C. The formation of at least two single bonds between a metal atom and a ligand. D. The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,acetylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000030 1_1_jmnpwlmc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904036 1_1_ctgr1uv0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'dam'?","A. Hypabyssal are igneous rocks formed at a depth in between the plutonic and volcanic rocks. They are characterized by their porphyritic nature (porphyry). They consist of phenocrysts embedded in a fine-grained groundmass. [Wikipedia] B. _:812 C. _:813 D. a relatively large and conspicuous fragment in a sediment or sedimentary rock",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,dam,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/Dam 1_1_wk7j2w0k,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'originality'?","A. The ability to see details at a distance. B. The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting. C. The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. D. The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,originality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000089 1_1_ad5bzbmd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3'?","A. A distal inter-phalangeal joint that is part of the 3rd pedal digit. B. An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 3. C. An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 4. D. An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 5.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007726 1_1_iqu7rpwk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Agilent Feature Extraction software version A.5.1.1'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Agilent Feature Extraction software version A.5.1.1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000031 1_1_hnhw9i8j,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'karajol'?","A. A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines. B. On the Bulgarian coast, a west wind that usually follows rain and persists for one to three days. C. (Also spelled narbon?.) In France, a wind coming from Narbonne; a north wind in the Roussillon region of southern France resembling the tramontana. If associated with an influx of arctic air, it may be very stormy with heavy falls of rain or snow. It is especially violent in the region of Perpignan where it blows in a succession of squalls for several days. In Provence it is rarer and blows from the west. In lower Languedoc and the southern C?vennes, the narbonnais is an infrequent, mild, moist, moderate southwest wind in winter and early spring, sometimes bringing thunderstorms. D. A mesoscale wind maximum. It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of 100 km. Mesojets differ from planetary-scale jets, which can have length scales of several thousand kilometers, and synoptic-scale jets, which may have length scales of 1000? 2000 km and are commonly found in association with progressive synoptic-scale troughs and ridges. Larger mesojets may also sometimes be known as jet streaks. Mesojets can form adjacent to prominent orographic features in association with terrain-channeled flow. Mesojets are also seen in association with organized mesocale convective systems as typified by the evaporatively driven rear-inflow jet commonly found behind active squall lines lines. Mesojets may also be found in conjunction with prominent lower-tropospheric stable layers where the airflow can become decoupled from the planetary boundary layer, especially at night. An exceptionally well organized lower-tropospheric mesojet extending over hundreds of kilometers might be known as a low-level jet.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,karajol,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Karajol 1_1_xr5twv2u,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to pH'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of water.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to pH,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071467 1_1_atlrfiko,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'igneous intrusion process'?","A. A process whereby the precursors of rock, such as magma or sedimentary particles, fill a fracture in a mass of rock. B. A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. C. The concentration of thallium when measured in water ice. D. A portion of sarcosine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of sarcosine.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,igneous intrusion process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000657 1_1_hhs7y1mi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'wrist joint'?","A. A skeletal joint that connects a radius bone and connects a carpal skeleton. B. A skeletal joint that connects two carpal bones. C. A skeletal joint that is part of a manus (hand) [Automatically generated definition]. D. A joint connecting the forelimb zeugopod skeleton with the carpal skeleton.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,wrist joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001491 1_1_ysr4n516,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'engine or other machine assembler'?","A. Construct, assemble, or rebuild machines, such as engines, turbines, and similar equipment used in such industries as construction, extraction, textiles, and paper manufacturing. B. Set up, operate, or tend wood sawing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment. Includes lead sawyers. C. Provide information by accessing alphabetical, geographical, or other directories. Assist customers with special billing requests, such as charges to a third party and credits or refunds for incorrectly dialed numbers or bad connections. May handle emergency calls and assist children or people with physical disabilities to make telephone calls. D. Control or operate entire chemical processes or system of machines.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,engine or other machine assembler,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51203100 1_1_f0y6trzh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'HOTrE'?","A. An ultra-long-chain fatty acid that is (14Z,17Z,20Z,23Z,26Z)-dotriacontapentaenoic acid substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group. B. A long-chain fatty acid that is a C20, polyunsaturated fatty acid having four (Z)-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14. C. A docosanoid that is (4Z,8E,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at the 7S- and 14S-positions. D. A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is any octadecatrienoic acid bearing a single hydroxy substituent. An oxidation product of octadecatrienoic acid metabolism.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,HOTrE,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72804 1_1_eurc7v8p,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'assembler or fabricator, all other'?","A. All assemblers and fabricators not listed separately. B. Verify and maintain records on incoming and outgoing shipments involving inventory. Duties include verifying and recording incoming merchandise or material and arranging for the transportation of products. May prepare items for shipment. C. A skill realized in giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. D. Work as part of a team having responsibility for assembling an entire product or component of a product. Team assemblers can perform all tasks conducted by the team in the assembly process and rotate through all or most of them, rather than being assigned to a specific task on a permanent basis. May participate in making management decisions affecting the work. Includes team leaders who work as part of the team.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"assembler or fabricator, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51209900 1_1_rwyh9nky,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'transverse process of neural arch 3'?","A. Bony projection that is part of the pharyngobranchial 2 bone. B. Process that is bony and arises from anterior margin of basipterygium between internal anterior process of basipterygium and external anterior process of basipterygium. Middle anterior process of basipterygium projects anteriorly or anteromedially. C. Large protuberance on the dorsal aspect of the ischium that extends from the ischio-ilium articulation to the spina pelvis posterior. D. Endochondral bone that is the anterodorsally oriented process of the third neural arch.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,transverse process of neural arch 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000911 1_1_h3o4lr9i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'past 30-day binge drinking occurrence'?","A. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. B. A process aggregate of harm processes affecting some members of a population caused by product use by some members of the population. C. A number denoting a quantity of cigarette smoking made up of the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number packs of 20 cigarettes smoked on average per day over that period. D. A data item indicating whether or not a person has engaged in a binge drinking session in the past 30 days.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,past 30-day binge drinking occurrence,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001354 1_1_28xqddy0,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'percutaneous silicone injection'?","A. The introduction of polymeric organic silicon based material through the skin, as for breast augmentation or reconstruction. B. Administration of a drug through the skin. C. Rights affecting gay people. D. The introduction of polymeric organic silicon based material via injection.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,percutaneous silicone injection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002315 1_1_pi5u3fzx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N(2),N(2),N(7)-trimethylguanosine 5'-phosphate'?","A. An O-acylcarnitine having (9Z)-17-carboxyheptadec-9-enoyl as the acyl substituent. B. A guanosine 5'-phosphate that is the N(2),N(2),N(7)-trimethyl derivative of guanosine 5'-monophosphate. C. An ammonium betaine formed by deprotonation of the phosphoric acid group of 6-(O-phosphocholine)hydroxyhexanoic acid. D. A guanosine 5'-phosphate that is the 2'-O-methyl derivative of guanosine 5'-monophosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N(2),N(2),N(7)-trimethylguanosine 5'-phosphate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74668 1_1_rfbgvo4f,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'food allergy'?","A. An allergic reaction triggered by exposure to allergens found in food; exposure can occur through the skin, respiratory tract or digestive tract. B. A country in southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia. The capital is Rome. C. A worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. D. An allergy that is primarily located in the gastrointestinal tract.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,food allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3044 1_1_k0zjqeff,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma'?","A. An endometrial adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, which produce mucin. B. An endometrial carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. C. An endometrial adenocarcinoma that is composed predominantly or entirely of large eosinophilic cells. D. An endometrial adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of confluent, cribriform or villoglandular voluminous glands with glycogen, subnuclear vacuoles (resembles day 17 - 22 endometrium), plus late secretory pattern in uninvolved endometrium.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,endometrial mucinous adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3707 1_1_9u7v8a4v,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormality of levator veli palatini muscle'?","A. An abnormality of a levator veli palatini. B. An abnormality of a palatopharyngeus muscle. C. An abnormality of a palatoglossus muscle. D. An abnormality of one or more of the five muscles of the soft palate.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormality of levator veli palatini muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_3000073 1_1_uvwyz5b5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'medullary reticular formation development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. B. The progression of the ascending aorta over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta. In a two-pass circulatory system blood passes twice through the heart to supply the body once. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medullary reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medullary reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,medullary reticular formation development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021723 1_1_8mnkmxli,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'musculature of hindlimb zeugopod'?","A. This subontology is designed to provide terms to characterize and specify the phenotypic abnormalities defined in the Phenotypic abnormality subontology, with respect to severity, laterality, age of onset, and other aspects. B. Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition]. C. Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition]. D. Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,musculature of hindlimb zeugopod,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006067 1_1_0ogs09yd,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute bronchiolitis, unspecified'?","A. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. B. an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection C. Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection (most commonly respiratory syncytial virus) D. acute infection that affects the lower respiratory tract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"acute bronchiolitis, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000570 1_1_thx5mifo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery'?","A. Note that the source of this term is KUPO:0001096 (artery smooth muscle cell), which we believe actually denotes the kidney specific structure. B. A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. C. A smooth muscle cell of the subclavian artery. D. Smooth muscle cell of the carotid artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002594 1_1_efw8y4y6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 14'?","A. An autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis that is characterized by lamellar ichthyosis, ectropion, eclabium and hyperkeratosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SULT2B1 gene on chromosome 19q13. B. An autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis characterized by fine white or greyish-white scales, hyperkeratosis, moderate acanthosis, and moderate parakeratosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CYP4F22 gene on chromosome 19p13. C. An autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis characterized by fine scales on the scalp, face, trunk and limbs, marked palmoplantar hyperlinearity, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, mild hypergranulosis and thickened stratum corneum that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ALOX12B gene on chromosome 17p13. D. An autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis that is characterized by lamellar ichthyosis, ectropion, eclabium and hyperkeratosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TGM1 gene on chromosome 14q11.2.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis 14,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080258 1_1_7d0d1lvt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sequelae DP of stroke, not specified as haemorrhage or infarction'?","A. A disorder characterized by a blood pressure that is below the normal expected for an individual in a given environment. B. heart failure following heart surgery C. residual effects or conditions produced after the acute phase of a stroke D. white blood cell disorders effect the functionallity of the body's immune response",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"sequelae DP of stroke, not specified as haemorrhage or infarction",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000247 1_1_peofkwku,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial manager'?","A. Implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production equipment to produce, test, or modify materials, devices, or systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition. Operate advanced microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. Work under the supervision of nanoengineering staff. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities of a branch, office, or department of an establishment. C. Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May ascertain insurance rates required and cash reserves necessary to ensure payment of future benefits. D. Design core features of video games. Specify innovative game and role-play mechanics, story lines, and character biographies. Create and maintain design documentation. Guide and collaborate with production staff to produce games as designed.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,financial manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11303100 1_1_zmrqd3pn,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'pinna hair'?","A. A strand of hair that is part of a pinna. B. Abnormal inversion (turning inward) of the eyelid towards the globe associated with scarring that vertically shortens the posterior lamella of the eyelid. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. D. The tubules that carry lymph throughout the body that are in the interior of the body or limbs.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,pinna hair,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015147 1_1_zqc3osbw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C'?","A. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SH3TC2 gene. B. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 that has_material_basis_in mutation in the gene encoding the myotubularin-related protein-2 (MTMR2). C. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SURF1 gene on chromosome 9q34. D. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4 that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the HK1 gene on chromosome 10q22.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110183 1_1_he936czw,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Customary_Law'?","A. A legal source is a source for legal statements, both norms and legal expressions. In a sense it is literally a 'source' of law B. A legal document is a document bearing norms or normative statements. By virtue of this definition the norm-as-propositional-attitude is reified as norm-as proposition. In other words, the norm being expressed through the legal source is an expression of the propositional attitude. C. An agreement entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. D. In law, custom, or customary law consists of established patterns of behaviour that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Customary_Law,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Customary_Law 1_1_vy51a952,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'athletic trainer'?","A. Teach courses in library science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance. C. Direct nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations, and standards. D. Evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries or illnesses. Provide preventive, therapeutic, emergency, and rehabilitative care.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,athletic trainer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29909100 1_1_gl2mube9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cognitive measurement'?","A. A psychological measurement of some aspect of intellectual functions such as memory, problem solving, and comprehension. B. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. C. A cognitive measurement that is an output (score) from the Mini-Mental State Exam. D. A cognitive measurement that is the output (score) from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) for Dementia",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cognitive measurement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GECKO_0000119 1_1_chgw366q,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lenticular cloud'?","A. A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front. B. A commonly used term for clouds of the species lenticularis. C. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. D. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lenticular cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/LenticularCloud 1_1_e8n78er9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'eddy diffusivity'?","A. A simulation approach to studying the chemical evolution of a (natural) system. B. Hypabyssal are igneous rocks formed at a depth in between the plutonic and volcanic rocks. They are characterized by their porphyritic nature (porphyry). They consist of phenocrysts embedded in a fine-grained groundmass. [Wikipedia] C. A watershed refers to a divide that separates one drainage area from another drainage area. However, in the US and Canada, the term is often used to mean a drainage basin or catchment area itself. [Wikipedia] D. The exchange coefficient for the diffusion of a conservative property by eddies in a turbulent flow.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,eddy diffusivity,http://sweetontology.net/propDiffusivity/EddyDiffusivity 1_1_wwz9w9ja,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'choroid plexus of third ventricle'?","A. Part of choroid plexus contained in the third ventricle. B. Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle. C. Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. D. A choroid plexus that is part of a cerebral aqueduct.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,choroid plexus of third ventricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002288 1_1_qg6iycb6,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lewy body dementia'?","A. A dementia that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities. B. A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. C. A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. D. A dementia that involves impairments in cognitive function caused by problems in blood vessels that feed the brain.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Lewy body dementia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12217 1_1_6ucb5nng,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'esker'?","A. A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams of meltwater and deposits on the outwash plain at the terminus of the glacier. B. Rock glaciers are distinctive geomorphological landforms of blocky detritus which may extend outward and downslope from talus cones or from glaciers or the terminal moraines of glaciers. [Wikipedia] C. An amphitheatre-like valley head, formed at the head of a valley glacier by erosion. D. A long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,esker,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/Esker 1_1_u6477n26,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'solution'?","A. A mixture of water-saturated rock debris that flows downslope under the force of gravity (also called lahar or mudflow). B. In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. All solutions are characterized by interactions between the solvent phase and solute molecules or ions that result in a net decrease in free energy. [Wikipedia] C. A xenocryst is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a silica-deficient lava and diamonds within kimberlite diatremes. [Wikipedia] D. In volcanology, particles that came out of a volcanic vent, traveled through the air or under water, and fell back on the ground surface or on the ocean floor. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,solution,http://sweetontology.net/matr/Solution 1_1_t8015w8f,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Harvest index'?","A. Time elapsed between sowing and pod formation B. Number of plants per experimental unit C. Proportion of grain yield over total biomass yield D. The dry weight of the whole plant (excluding roots)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Harvest index,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000029 1_1_4aoky9zd,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal role'?","A. A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. B. a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider C. A that inheres in a human being by virtue of their social and institutional circumstances. D. A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,personal role,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_006081 1_1_80m354c0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscarinic agonist'?","A. The inferior vestibular nucleus is the vestibular nucleus which lies near the fourth ventricle. [WP,unvetted]. B. Any drug that binds to and activates a muscarinic cholinergic receptor. C. Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. D. A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities. Cell lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,muscarinic agonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38325 1_1_say9o3yc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-hydroxybenzyl acetate'?","A. An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the hydroxy group of 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. B. A beta-D-glucoside resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid with the anomeric hydroxy group of beta-D-glucose. C. A furanocoumarin that is 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, methyl groups at positions 2 and 3 (relatively cis configuration) and a 4,8-dimethyl-3(E),7-nonadien-6-onyl moiety at position 2. Isolated from the roots of Ferula fukanensis and Ferula ferulioides, it exhibits inhibitory activity against production of nitric oxide (NO). D. A diterpene lactone isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga ciliata.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3-hydroxybenzyl acetate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156232 1_1_ytz390va,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'TagNumber'?","A. An identifying characteristic is used to identify or name an entity either globally or within a context, such as a name of a lake or a tag number assigned to a tree. Unlike a MeasuredCharacteristic, an IdentifyingCharacteristic is assigned and not measured. B. provides an alphanumeric string of characters to refer to an entity. A TagNumber is typically used to uniquely identify an entity such as a sample or an individual specimen such as a tree or a rock sample. C. At the simplest level, salinity is the total amount of dissolved material in grams in one kilogram of sea water. So it is typically thought of as a dimensionless quantity with no units. It is described here as an Index. For more information, see current physical oceanographic references, such as http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter06/chapter06_01.htm D. provides an identifying sequence of characters to refer to an entity within a context. An Identifier can be unique within a local context or a global context.",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,TagNumber,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#TagNumber 1_1_6xdj50vl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'waste recycling process'?","A. A recycling process that uses microbes for the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus during wastewater treatment. B. A process during which materials deemed as waste are separated and converted into a form which can be used as input by the same processes which generated them. C. A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. D. A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,waste recycling process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000741 1_1_xs2tgnjc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cutaneuous lower lip line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by labiale inferius and sublabiale. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right alare and left alare. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right endocanthion and left endocanthion; inner distance between eyes. D. Fiat anatomical line of head traversing width of cranial base at level of middle cranial fossa.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cutaneuous lower lip line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284886 1_1_c0fehb0s,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agalmatophilia'?","A. Sexual arousal to an object of one's own creation. B. Sexual arousal from a statue, doll, mannequin or other similar figurative object. C. A form fo sexual fetishism involving a sexual attraction to machines such as bicycles, motor vehicles, helicopters, ships, and airplanes. D. A form of sexual fetishism whereby a person becomes aroused when copious amounts of a substance are applied to the naked skin, face, or to clothing.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,agalmatophilia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004139 1_1_iomfbxp0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of isotype switching'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotome development. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of isotype switching,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045830 1_1_27bn9n7f,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary xylem tracheid'?","A. A tracheid PO:0000301 that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue . B. A tracheary element that has no perforations in its cell wall. C. A primary xylem tracheid that is part of the metaxylem . D. A tracheid that is part of a xylem tissue .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,primary xylem tracheid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025446 1_1_mgvmaad4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'patient's noncompliance with medical treatment and regimen'?","A. patient has vascular implants/grafts B. Encounter for general adult medical examination C. other problems related to health care D. patient refuses to follow medical treatment/regimen",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,patient's noncompliance with medical treatment and regimen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000544 1_1_53jntj24,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Germination Rate '?","A. Rate of germination B. Flowering time. C. Flag leaf ligulation time or flag leaf emergence. D. Basic vegetative phase",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Germination Rate ,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0001101 1_1_f30n3vle,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'presence of other vascular implants and grafts'?","A. patient has vascular implants/grafts B. financial problems related to housing or general economic standing C. Patient did not undergo treatment due to patients decision D. long term use of asipirin",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,presence of other vascular implants and grafts,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000593 1_1_1285xc9g,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Carrier of other infectious diseases'?","A. Persons lacking permanent or reliable shelter, variously due to poverty, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, juvenile alienation, or other factors. B. a medical procedure — either temporary or permanent — that involves creating an opening in the neck in order to place a tube into a person's windpipe. C. the provision of assistance and guidance in resolving personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties, especially by a professional. D. a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but that displays no signs or symptoms. Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the disease.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Carrier of other infectious diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000104 1_1_a7kupty4,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'capturing behaviour'?","A. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. B. Active pursuit of fleeing prey. C. Suite of behaviors involved in securing a prey item once it has been located. D. Building of a trap, web, net, or other structure to help ensnare potential food items.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,capturing behaviour,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0020292 1_1_t4kfyi1d,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'statutory rape'?","A. Rape occurring in prison. B. Nonforcible sexual activity in which one of the individuals is below the age of consent (the age required to legally consent to the behavior). C. Rape of a student or students while attending an institution of higher learning, such as a college or university. D. Rape that is perpetrated by a person who knows the victim. Examples of acquaintances include someone the victim is dating, a classmate, co-worker, employer, family member, spouse, counselor, therapist, religious official, or medical doctor.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,statutory rape,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003064 1_1_psdp6oaj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'roustabout, oil or ga'?","A. Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use saws to cut expansion joints. B. Assemble or repair oil field equipment using hand and power tools. Perform other tasks as needed. C. Prepare or serve specialty coffee or other beverages. Serve food such as baked goods or sandwiches to patrons. D. Use hand tools or hand-held power tools to cut and trim a variety of manufactured items, such as carpet, fabric, stone, glass, or rubber.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"roustabout, oil or ga",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47507100 1_1_zx0lq5em,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'myelination'?","A. The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. B. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. C. The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons. D. The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,myelination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042552 1_1_gaa32tjs,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbon dioxide emission'?","A. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. B. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere. C. A volume of carbon dioxide gas emitted by a carbon dioxide emission process. D. Mechanical wave energy which is realised when an acoustic wave propagates through a material.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,carbon dioxide emission,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000770 1_1_iidcapar,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure'?","A. Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. B. The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. C. Severe microcephaly and lissencephaly with granular surfaces with immature cortical plate, reduced in thickness, with focal polymicrogyria and immature small neurons with rare processes, intermingled with a considerable number of glial elements. D. The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003073 1_1_1mav02tp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Longitudinal Study'?","A. Comparison of outcomes, results, responses, etc for different techniques, therapeutic approaches or other inputs. B. Research conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which an investigator directly interacts with human subjects; includes development of new technologies, study of mechanisms of human diseases, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiologic, behavior, and health services research. C. A study in which participants with no known disease are initially assessed, and then reassessed for the same characteristic at mutiple timepoints in the future. D. A clinical study that is designed using a procedure in which one or more parties to the study [subject(s), investigator(s), monitor, or/and data analyst(s)] are kept unaware of the treatment assignment(s).",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Longitudinal Study,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15273 1_1_2shzwov6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sequential monoecy'?","A. City located at the mouth of the Hudson River, in New York State. B. A fandom formed around femslash fiction, or femslash works generally. C. A sexual system in which male and female flowers are present on the same plant. It is common in angiosperms, and occurs in 10% of all plant species. D. A sexual system in which an individual organism is male or female until they grow to a certain size or threshold, after which time they switch to the other sex.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sequential monoecy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011879 1_1_0a00dp7l,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear cell cycle DNA replication. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent DNA replication that occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms as part of the cell cycle. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis. An example of this is found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of initiation of premeiotic DNA replication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904512 1_1_ztd4aez6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ashfall'?","A. Fragment of molten or semi-molten rock, 2 1/2 inches to many feet in diameter, which is blown out during an eruption. Because of their plastic condition, bombs are often modified in shape during their flight or upon impact. B. Volcanic ash that has fallen through the air from an eruption cloud. A deposit so formed is usually well sorted and layered. C. In volcanology, particles that came out of a volcanic vent, traveled through the air or under water, and fell back on the ground surface or on the ocean floor. [Wikipedia] D. The column of gases, ash, and larger rock fragments rising from a crater or other vent. If it is of sufficient volume and velocity, this gaseous column may reach many miles into the stratosphere, where high winds will carry it long distances.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ashfall,http://sweetontology.net/matrSediment/Ashfall 1_1_u6u90lfn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Rintact'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. Equivalence with EDAM data_1636. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Rintact,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000361 1_1_26yny28b,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf lamina base'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a plant organ and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. B. The region of the leaf lamina proximal to the stem and usually connected to it by means of a petiole. C. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a laminar portion of a leaf sheath and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. D. A cardinal organ part that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf lamina base,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008019 1_1_bhpffa15,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'maternal aggressive behavior'?","A. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. B. Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target. C. Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation. D. Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,maternal aggressive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002125 1_1_bcw1b6p4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'monarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has two protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has four protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has only one protoxylem strand or pole, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest element (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,monarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025558 1_1_redrqobg,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration'?","A. Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time B. Flag leaf surface temperature C. Carbon dioxide assimilation rate of the leaf D. Sub-stomatal cavity carbon dioxide concentration",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001113 1_1_5teohg99,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'superior semicircular canal dehiscence'?","A. An otitis interna characterized by isolated endochondral bone sclerosis of the labyrinthine capsule. B. An auditory system disease that is located in the part of the ear that contains organs of the senses of hearing and equilibrium. C. An inner ear disease that is located in the vestibular system. D. An inner ear disease characterized by dehiscence in the bone overlying the superior semicircular canal experience with symptoms of pressure or sound-induced vertigo, bone conduction hyperacusis, and pulsatile tinnitus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,superior semicircular canal dehiscence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080193 1_1_unpoa36q,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'SITE_NB'?","A. Free text: any additional information about accession may be specified here B. Mention here any special character besides spicata, plicata, androgena and makapuno C. Use code to describe shape of fruit seen from above. D. Provide site number of the collecting institute if relevant",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,SITE_NB,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000536 1_1_57frehq6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'primitive heart tube'?","A. Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. B. Fibroblast from foreskin. C. An epiphysis that is part of an ulna [Automatically generated definition]. D. One of a pair of ducts leading from the Bartholin's glands to the surface of the vulva.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,primitive heart tube,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005498 1_1_iufthyvf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'quadrate bone'?","A. Replacement bone that is bilaterally paired and articulates with the ceratohyal bone posteriorly and the dorsal hypohyal bone dorsally. B. A paired endochondral bone making up the anteroventral region of the tripartite pelvic girdle forming part of the ventral edge of the acetabulum. The origin site of many proximal hindlimb muscles. [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. C. A upper central secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. D. Ossified pars articularis of the palatoquadrate cartilage.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,quadrate bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006597 1_1_sf1m3im7,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'despair'?","A. A negative emotion aroused when a person feels threatened by a rival in his or her relationship with another individual, in particular an intimate partner. Involves feelings of threat, fear, suspicion, distrust, anxiety, anger, betrayal, and rejection. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative, high intensity emotion characterised by loss of hope and loss of interest. Associated with action tendencies of harm to self or others. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion that is associated with a motivation and an idea to do or create something. D. Disappointment is a negative emotion which is triggered by the disconfirmation of the prospect of a desirable event. [Source: OCEAS]",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,despair,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000030 1_1_udnqj6pf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Single second heart sound'?","A. The pulmonic component is considered to be abnormally loud in a subject over age 20 if it is greater than the aortic component in the second left ICS or if it is audible at the cardiac apex. This may be due either to pulmonary artery hypertension or right ventricular dilatation, with part of the right ventricle assuming the position normally occupied by the left ventricle. A split second sound at the apex is, therefore, definitely abnormal. The loud P2 commonly heard at the apex in patients with atrial septal defect is probably due to a dilated right ventricle encroaching upon the cardiac apex [source-NCBI:NBK341]. B. The second sound can remain single throughout the respiratory cycle due to either absence of one component or to synchronous occurrence of the two components. Since the pulmonary vascular impedance increases with age, many normal patients over age 50 have a single S2 or at most a narrow physiologic split on inspiration because P2 occurs early. A single second sound, however, is usually due to inability to auscultate a relatively soft pulmonic component. Such inability is rare in healthy infants, children, and young adults and is uncommon even in older persons under good auscultatory conditions using a rigid stethoscopic diaphragm. C. Any anomaly of the second heart sound (S2), which is produced by aortic (A2) and pulmonic (P2) valve closure. The A2-P2 interval normally increases with inspiration and narrows with expiration. D. Lack of variation in the splitting between the two components of the second heart sound with respiration. Normally, the aortic valve closure (A2) is followed by the pulmonic valve closure (P2) but the A2-P2 interval increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Single second heart sound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000225 1_1_hnnhu0x8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'gametophore reproductive whole plant development stage'?","A. A gametophyte reproductive development stage in which a thallus and gametangium is being produced. B. A gametophyte reproductive stage in which a gametophore and gametangium is being produced. C. A leaf in a non-vascular plant. D. A gametophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between the initiation of either a multicellular plant gametangium or a unicellular plant gametangium and the onset of senescence.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,gametophore reproductive whole plant development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025344 1_1_2az9pmvc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'escarpment'?","A. A slope which 1) is part of the seafloor and 2) extends from the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break) to the continental rise. B. A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. C. A slope which a) extends the perimeter of a continent, b) is covered by a shallow marine water body during interglacial periods, c) has a low degree of steepness relative to a continental slope or rise. D. An escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,escarpment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000280 1_1_n24swkwl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal scientist'?","A. Research and study the inheritance of traits at the molecular, organism or population level. May evaluate or treat patients with genetic disorders. B. Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies. C. Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot. D. Conduct research in the genetics, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and development of domestic farm animals.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,animal scientist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19101100 1_1_a2azycyf,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'bus driver'?","A. Someone who drives a bus. B. A newspaper. Broadsheets are usually considered to be more ""high-brow"" than tabloids. C. A white van man is a man who drives a white van. D. All newspapers are either broadsheets or tabloids.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,bus driver,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#bus_driver 1_1_tk3hw5av,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus'?","A. Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. B. Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other respiratory manifestations C. Flu (influenza) is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system. Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it's not the same as stomach ""flu"" viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting D. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000177 1_1_s4fiq078,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'perception of static position'?","A. The series of events contributing to equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. B. The perception of the orientation of different parts of the body with respect to one another. C. The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors. D. The series of events by which an organism senses the speed and direction of movement of the body and its parts.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,perception of static position,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019231 1_1_zfrmycza,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petiole cortex'?","A. A portion of cortex that is part of a shoot axis . B. A portion of cortex that is part of a petiole . C. A portion of cortex that is part of a receptacle . D. A portion of cortex that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petiole cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000053 1_1_tssgrkxx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'skin of shoulder'?","A. A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. B. A zone of skin that is part of a shoulder region. C. A zone of skin that is part of the external genitalia. D. A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,skin of shoulder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001483 1_1_rti8hdqw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte apoptotic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034352 1_1_cl7r307o,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'rime'?","A. _:747 B. Congelation ice usually forms through the fusion/coalescence of platelets into solid ice. C. In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. D. A white or milky and opaque granular deposit of ice formed by the rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they impinge upon an exposed object.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,rime,http://sweetontology.net/matrWater/Rime 1_1_dzvqib8e,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'arrector muscle of hair'?","A. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a vagina [Automatically generated definition]. B. A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis. C. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a spleen [Automatically generated definition]. D. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an artery [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,arrector muscle of hair,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002033 1_1_wydsmq2h,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Suspension'?","A. When the efficacy or a partial efficacy starts before the entry into force of the document B. Prorogation of entry into force, but applied to the efficacy of some norm C. Modifies the efficacy period of some norm D. When a part of an act or some provisions are suspended in coming to be operative for a period or indefinately",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Suspension,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Suspension 1_1_up789t7h,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legume fruit spine number'?","A. The total length of a compound leaf from the base of the petiole to the distal end of the terminal leaflet. B. The ratio of the seed bounding box width to its height. C. The total number of spines visible on the surface of the legume fruit. D. The shape of the legume fruit.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Legume fruit spine number,"https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0001105 " 1_1_btlfhvgt,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'abdomen'?","A. The subdivision of the trunk that overlaps with the ventrum. B. A subdivision of the trunk that is comprised of the epigastrium and the anterior lower thorax. C. The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. D. The abdominal segment of the torso.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,abdomen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000916 1_1_hf1x3t37,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Juxta-arterial mesenteric lymph node'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull at the most prominent projection of internasal suture. B. Organ cluster which has as direct parts left maxilla, left maxillary dentition and set of left maxillary periodontia. C. Gray's anatomy 38th ed, p.1620. D. Cavity of serous sac surrounded by the pleura.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Juxta-arterial mesenteric lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma16610 1_1_5yairkou,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment'?","A. This packages allow reading into R of Codelink bioarray data exported as text from the Codelink software. Also includes some functions to ease the manipulation and pre-processing of data, such in background correction and normalization. B. ACME (Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment) is a set of tools for analysing tiling array ChIP/chip, DNAse hypersensitivity, or other experiments that result in regions of the genome showing ""enrichment"". It does not rely on a specific array technology (although the array should be a ""tiling"" array), is very general (can be applied in experiments resulting in regions of enrichment), and is very insensitive to array noise or normalization methods. It is also very fast and can be applied on whole-genome tiling array experiments quite easily with enough memory. C. Rank Product method for identifying differentially expressed genes with application in meta-analysis D. This package finds optimal sets of genes that seperate samples into two or more classes.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100004 1_1_4r40axmt,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Apex of patella'?","A. Subdivision of skeleton, each instance of which consists of some maximal complement of bones of skull, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum. Examples: There is only one axial skeleton. B. Zone of patella located proximally (superiorly). C. Subdivision of epicardium which is continuous with the epicardium of the inflow part of the left ventricle. D. Zone of patella that tapers distally.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Apex of patella,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma43670 1_1_t88zvcay,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'obo basic subset ontology module'?","A. The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. B. A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports C. A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. D. TODO",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,obo basic subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000018 1_1_figtj1p3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'northeaster'?","A. A northeast wind, particularly a strong wind or gale. B. On the Bulgarian coast, a west wind that usually follows rain and persists for one to three days. C. Strong straight-line winds associated with nontornadic outflow from strong thunderstorms. D. A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,northeaster,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Northeaster 1_1_nf9d8ca8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right hepatic lymph node'?","A. Hepatic lymph node located along right hepatic artery. B. Hepatic lymph node located along the common hepatic artery. C. Hepatic lymph node located along the hepatic artery. D. Hepatic lymph node located along left hepatic artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right hepatic lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277909 1_1_wdg9okaj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphate ion'?","A. A monovalent inorganic anion that consists of phosphoric acid in which one of the three OH groups has been deprotonated. B. A phosphorus oxoanion that is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid. C. A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of hydrogenphosphate. D. A phosphate ion that is the conjugate base of dihydrogenphosphate.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,phosphate ion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780 1_1_xobsj8ob,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'shuttle driver or chauffeur'?","A. Coordinate activities of switch-engine crew within railroad yard, industrial plant, or similar location. Conductors coordinate activities of train crew on passenger or freight trains. Yardmasters review train schedules and switching orders and coordinate activities of workers engaged in railroad traffic operations, such as the makeup or breakup of trains and yard switching. B. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in preparing and serving food. C. Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or transportation vehicles. D. Drive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on a planned or scheduled basis. May collect a fare. Includes nonemergency medical transporters and hearse drivers.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,shuttle driver or chauffeur,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53305300 1_1_jb7kygzr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Storage root beta-carotene concentration in fresh weight basis'?","A. The beta-carotene concentration in fresh weight basis of the storage root B. The flavor of the leaves C. The fiber content of the raw storage root D. The dry matter content of the vine",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Storage root beta-carotene concentration in fresh weight basis,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000109 1_1_0wnmsz3h,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'blowing'?","A. In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force. B. Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. C. A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind. D. When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,blowing,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/Blowing 1_1_r8mhr2wk,"In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stimulus'?","A. An event in the real world that 'triggers' the Sensor. The properties associated to the Stimulus may be different to the eventual observed ObservableProperty. It is the event, not the object, that triggers the Sensor. B. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform. C. Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. D. Any information that is reported from a Procedure.",A,1_1,earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology,Stimulus,http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Stimulus 1_1_2l6bat06,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-glutamate(2-)'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of glutamate(1-). B. An optically active form of phenylalaninate having L-configuration. C. An L-alpha-amino acid anion that is the dianion obtained by the deprotonation of the both the carboxy groups of L-glutamic acid. D. Conjugate base of an L-alpha-amino acid arising from deprotonation of the C-1 carboxy group.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,L-glutamate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29988 1_1_v4vihw10,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'riboflavin binding'?","A. Binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 3' and 5' positions. B. Binding to riboflavin. C. Binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions. D. Binding to a molybdate ion (MoO4 2-).",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,riboflavin binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902444 1_1_wkqgemxg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arcuate pubic ligament'?","A. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid anterior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 1, 8, 9 and 13 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. B. Ligament of pubic symphysis, each instance of which is a band of fibers that pass transversely across the superior margin of some symphysis pubis; attached to some bones and to some interpubic disk, they extend laterally as far as some pubic tubercle. C. Ligament of pubic symphysis, each instance of which is is a thick, triangular arch of ligamentous fibers, connecting together two pubic bones below, and forming the upper boundary of some pubic arch. D. Subdivision of internal jugular vein, each instance of which drains blood from the muscles and mucosa of some tongue, floor of some oral cavity and salivary glands.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Arcuate pubic ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma21490 1_1_dubfghkn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manus'?","A. A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 2 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. B. A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]. C. A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 1 phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. D. A proximal epiphysis that is part of a manual digit 5 phalanx [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,proximal epiphysis of phalanx of manus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004414 1_1_3v3pjltt,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Derivatives allowed'?","A. Derivatives allowed clauses are derivatives clauses which state that derivative resources are allowed using the licensed resource. Even when allowed, such a clause may or may not restrict the usage of the licensed resource in a variety of ways. B. Derivatives not allowed clauses are derivatives clauses which state that derivative resources are never allowed using the licensed resource. C. Restrictions on derivative software is a derivatives clause which allows the creation of derivatives but which also places some kind of restriction on how derivative software may be created. D. Derivatives clauses are license clauses which state what requirements on derivative resource, if any, are attached to a license. The license for a resource may or may not allow the creation of new resources derived from it. If it is allowed, such usage may be restricted in a variety of ways.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Derivatives allowed,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_10000038 1_1_3zhfqfdi,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitophagy'?","A. The autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to a type of vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions. B. The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. C. Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. D. The selective autophagy process in which a mitochondrion is degraded by macroautophagy.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mitophagy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000423 1_1_a63lkv1l,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arcuate artery intima/media arteriitis'?","A. A type of arcuate artery intima/media granulomatous arteriitis characterized by circumscribed inflammatory lesions comprised primarily of macrophages present in inflamed arteries. B. Inflammation of the inner or middle layer of the arcuate arteries of the kidney. C. Amorphous extracellular substance in the inner or middle layer of the arcuate arteries of the kidney. Congo-red positive with typically an apple green birerfingence on polarization microscopy, and 8-12 nm fibrils on electron microscopy. D. Accumulation of edematous extracellular matrix in intima resembling mucus. This feature appears pale blue on hematoxylin and eosin staining.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Arcuate artery intima/media arteriitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033948 1_1_ozfsi1z1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-DD-Hep-(1->3)-alpha-DD-Hep-(1->3)-alpha-DD-Hep-O[CH2]3NH2'?","A. A linear synthetic trisaccharide derivative consisting of three D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptopyranose residue linked (1->3). An aminopropyl linker at the reducing end enables printing onto microscope slides. One of a series of substructures of the Helicobacter pylori O6 O-antigen tridecasaccharide O-antigen used for its immunological evaluation. B. A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-alpha-D-GalNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol. C. A myo-inositol monophosphate derivative consisting of 1-O-(6-thiohexylphosphono)-D-myo-inositol having an alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-6-O-(2-aminoethylphosphono)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosaminyl residue at the 6-position. D. A linear trisaccharide derivative consisting of beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-galactose and beta-L-rhamnose residues linked sequentially (1->2) and (1->3) with the rhamnose residue linked glycosidically to a 5-aminopentyl group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-DD-Hep-(1->3)-alpha-DD-Hep-(1->3)-alpha-DD-Hep-O[CH2]3NH2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156282 1_1_jzb7px5x,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'material processing'?","A. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. B. A method that results in the separation of two or more components according to some property. C. A planned process to choose which of two or more study processes will be applied to a study participant. D. A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,material processing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000094 1_1_mnd06hn1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rosetta Resolver'?","A. Tools for analyzing Micro Array experiments B. Citation management software C. The Rosetta Resolver® system provides a central analysis center and repository for biologists, statisticians, and bioinformaticians for the evaluation of gene expression data from microarrays and qPCR studies. D. COPASI is a software application for simulation and analysis of biochemical networks and their dynamics. COPASI is a stand-alone program that supports models in the SBML standard and can simulate their behavior using ODEs or Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm; arbitrary discrete events can be included in such simulations. COPASI provides an C++ API with language bindings for Perl, python, R, Java, and Octave and is able to communicate with the Systems Biology Workbench COPASI carries out several analyses of the network and its dynamics and has extensive support for parameter estimation and optimization. COPASI provides means to visualize data in customizable plots, histograms and animations of network diagrams.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Rosetta Resolver,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000365 1_1_28znhumc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'abscess'?","A. a physical pathological anatomic entity that is a result of an inflammation process B. is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.[1] Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.[1] The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.[1] The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling.[6] Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. C. Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts. This is not to be confused with the so-called ""pseudocystic appearance"", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst[1] of the jaws. D. is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.[1] Hernias come in a number of different types.[6] Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin.[6] Groin hernias are most common of the inguinal type but may also be femoral.[1] Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias.[6] Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias.[1] This may include pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or going to the bathroom.[1] Often it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down.[1] A bulging area may occur that becomes larger when bearing down.[1] Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side.[1] The main concern is strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked.[1] This usually produces severe pain and tenderness of the area.[1] Hiatus or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain with eating.[",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,abscess,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000116 1_1_k9v4ljv8,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol'?","A. An alkyldiacylglyceride that has a 51 carbons and 2 double bonds in the alkyl and acyl chains (positions not specified). B. Any alkyldiacylglyceride in which the alkyl group is located at position 1 and the acyl groups at positions 2 and 3. C. A 1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol with the alkyl substituent at the sn-1 position and the two acyl substituents at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions. D. An alkyldiacylglyceride compound with stearoyl (octadecanoyl) groups at the 1- and 3-positions and an n-decyl group at the 2-position.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36727 1_1_1z5b11k6,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Medium'?","A. Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network B. A means or instrumentality for storing or communicating musical manifestation. C. Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Medium,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Medium 1_1_jmrsm7cs,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypothyroidism, unspecified'?","A. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of vitamin d in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin d in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin d from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin d to its bioactive metabolites. B. blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. C. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. D. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"hypothyroidism, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000473 1_1_rewo9cg6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'marriage equality'?","A. LGBTQIA+ people who are Saudi. B. The political status in which the marriages of same-sex couples and the marriages of opposite-sex couples are recognized as equal by the law. C. A general term encompassing several types of excision of the external genitalia. D. Social equality for LGBTQIA+ persons.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,marriage equality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003705 1_1_l1mgenag,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'predatory behavior'?","A. Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target. B. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. C. Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious. D. Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,predatory behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002120 1_1_if6gd4tn,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'macroglia'?","A. A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen. B. An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. C. A cell that is part of the nervous system. D. Neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together. Originally, the term was used for the astrocytes alone.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,macroglia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO_0000771 1_1_3h2cs62g,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration'?","A. The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex. B. The orderly movement of an interneuron from one site to another. C. The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside. D. The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021853 1_1_m0czyr5d,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'outflow cave'?","A. A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. B. A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. C. A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. D. A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,outflow cave,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000324 1_1_f3jlve4c,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'la nina'?","A. The most common of several names given toa significant decrease in sea surface temperature (‘cold events’) in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. La Nina is the counterpart to the El Nino ‘warm event,’ and its spatial and temporal evolution in the equatorial Pacific is, to a considerable extent, the mirror image of El Nino, although La Nina events tend to be somewhat less regular in their behavior and duration. B. A warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range. C. A significant increase in sea surface temperature over the eastern and central equatorial Pacific that occurs at irregular intervals, generally ranging between two and seven years. D. Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of a planet, including its gravity field, in a three-dimensional time varying space. Besides the gravity field, geodesists study also geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they design global and national Control networks, using Space and terrestrial techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,la nina,http://sweetontology.net/stateTimeCycle/LaNina 1_1_bfponj8c,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special education teacher, secondary school'?","A. Direct or coordinate production, purchasing, warehousing, distribution, or financial forecasting services or activities to limit costs and improve accuracy, customer service, or safety. Examine existing procedures or opportunities for streamlining activities to meet product distribution needs. Direct the movement, storage, or processing of inventory. B. Coordinate activities of technical departments, such as taping, editing, engineering, and maintenance, to produce radio or television programs. C. Teach academic, social, and life skills to secondary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. D. Conduct security assessments for organizations, and design security systems and processes. May specialize in areas such as physical security or the safety of employees and facilities.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"special education teacher, secondary school",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25205800 1_1_fcq3kll0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior blepharitis'?","A. A type of blepharitis that affects the eyelid skin, base of the eyelashes, and the eyelash follicles. B. Inflammation of the eyelid due to overactivity of the sebaceous gland. C. A type of blepharitis that affects the meibomian glands and meibomian gland orifices. This abnormality can be associated with a spectrum of appearances ranging from meibomian seborrhoea (foaming meibomian gland secretions) and meibomianitis (inflamed meibomian glands), to chalazia. D. Inflammation of the eyelids.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Posterior blepharitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025610 1_1_vcw969ut,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'coronavirus infection DP, unspecified'?","A. A general term for diseases produced by viruses. B. someone has drank alcohol so much, that they depend on it to function C. a type of common virus that infects humans, typically leading to an upper respiratory infection D. A general term for diseases produced by viruses.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"coronavirus infection DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000259 1_1_6j7ye3js,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as dangerous'?","A. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of anger. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or situation presents a threat to the person. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or situation does not present a threat to the person. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of how threatening an object or situation is.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as dangerous,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000104 1_1_0qqfo1k4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Groat area measurement - tertiary'?","A. Measurement of the percentage of grain that did not pass through a 5.0/64 sieve. B. Measure the tertiary groat area. C. Measurement of the percentage of grain that passed through a 5.0/64 sieve. D. Recover as much below ground biomass as possible. Wash to remove excess soil and weight on a scale or balance.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Groat area measurement - tertiary,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000465 1_1_p0j0c714,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Copy'?","A. A physical or digital item. B. An issue of a comic publication. C. Original comic artwork. D. A copy of a comic issue.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Copy,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Copy 1_1_7g087a2o,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'safe environment for human presence'?","A. An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning towards an additional entity. B. An environment in which humans have a low likelihood of being harmed or killed. C. An atmospheric wind which moves up or down a slope and is driven by heating or cooling of that slope. D. An environment in which living organisms have a low likelihood of being harmed or killed",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,safe environment for human presence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03500008 1_1_ram2lo3r,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid -> 2-hexaprenyl-6-methoxyphenol + CO2. B. Catalysis of the reaction: benzoylformate = benzaldehyde + CO2. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + H+ = S-adenosylmethioninamine + CO2. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004014 1_1_retoyqie,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Intermediate'?","A. Property, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Process and common activity attributes, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. Participant, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Pool, Message, and Web service, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes D. Intermediate Events occur between a Start Event and an End Event. It will affect the flow of the process, but will not start or (directly) terminate the process.",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Intermediate,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#intermediate_event 1_1_g5sqk57w,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'wanting to stop cigarette smoking'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product user that uses heated tobacco products. B. A subjective want where the imagined scenario is stopping cigarette smoking indefinitely. C. An economic good role that inheres in some material entity that is not an object and is realized in some act of appraisal. D. A that is an attraction to an imagined scenario involving anticipated pleasure or satisfaction.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,wanting to stop cigarette smoking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000378 1_1_pmo02vd4,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Guamanian'?","A. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. B. A person of non-specified racial, cultural, or geographic origins. C. Denotes a person having origins in any indigenous people of Alaska and their descendants and who maintains tribal affiliation, or community or cultural attachment. The concept refers to population subgroups such as Eskimos, Aleuts, Inupiat, Yupik, Alutiiq, Egegik,and Pribilovian, Alaskan Athabascan, Tlingit, and Haida. The concept refers also to individuals who classify themselves as such. D. Denotes inhabitants of Guam, an island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines, south of the Northern Mariana Islands.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Guamanian,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000144 1_1_fax4dkhw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'urticaria'?","A. A skin disease where there is a diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Cellulitis can be caused by normal skin flora or by exogenous bacteria, and often occurs where the skin has previously been broken: cracks in the skin, cuts, blisters, burns, insect bites, surgical wounds, or sites of intravenous catheter insertion. B. A skin disease characterized by lack of epidermal ridges on the fingers, toes, palms and soles that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SMARCAD1 gene on chromosome 4q22.3. C. A skin disease characterized by skin rash notable for pale red, raised and itchy bumps, located_in the upper dermis. D. An urticaria induced by external physical influences.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,urticaria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1555 1_1_vgm36k9l,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'medial border of scapula'?","A. The medial border of the scapula (vertebral border, medial margin) is the longest of the three borders, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. It is arched, intermediate in thickness between the superior and the axillary borders, and the portion of it above the spine forms an obtuse angle with the part below. This border presents an anterior and a posterior lip, and an intermediate narrow area. The anterior lip affords attachment to the Serratus anterior; the posterior lip, to the Supraspinatus above the spine, the Infraspinatus below; the area between the two lips, to the Levator scapulC& above the triangular surface at the commencement of the spine, to the Rhomboideus minor on the edge of that surface, and to the Rhomboideus major below it; this last is attached by means of a fibrous arch, connected above to the lower part of the triangular surface at the base of the spine, and below to the lower part of the border. B. A submucosa that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. C. Obsoleted as it seems to refer to the same concept as 'gland of anal canal'. D. The lateral border (or axillary border, or margin) is the thickest of the three borders of the scapula. It begins above at the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely downward and backward to the inferior angle. Immediately below the glenoid cavity is a rough impression, the infraglenoid tuberosity, about 2.5 cm. in length, which gives origin to the long head of the Triceps brachii; in front of this is a longitudinal groove, which extends as far as the lower third of this border, and affords origin to part of the Subscapularis. The inferior third is thin and sharp, and serves for the attachment of a few fibers of the Teres major behind, and of the Subscapularis in front.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,medial border of scapula,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007174 1_1_i6sgupay,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'periderm'?","A. A peripheral portion of ground tissue in a plant axis that is composed of cork cambium (phellogen; PO:0005599), phellem , and phelloderm . B. A portion of ground tissue located between vascular bundles in a shoot axis. C. A portion of periderm tissue that is part of a shoot axis . D. Any portion of plant tissue other than epidermis or vascular tissue .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,periderm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005046 1_1_3nwylptd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper urinary tract'?","A. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. B. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the left kidney and the left ureter. C. Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the right kidney and right ureter. D. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Upper urinary tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45658 1_1_xfmi4wsx,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of tricuspid valve'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which connects the anterior filum coronarium to the posterior filum coronarium of tricuspid valve anulus. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of areolar connective tissue that is connected together by the intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of tricuspid valve. C. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the right anterior cusp of the pulmonary valve to the wall of heart. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of the right fibrous trigone of heart and the membranous part of the cardiac septum.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Sulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of tricuspid valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83522 1_1_t47zn0y3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'overgrowth'?","A. A thin sheet compositionally distinct from the surrounding material, related to primary genesis of rock, e.g. sedimentary layers, metamorphic segregation. B. An oversized stone in laminated sediment that depresses the underlying laminae and may be covered by -draped laminae. Most dropstones originate through ice-rafting; other sources are floating tree roots and kelp holdfasts.... C. Constituent occurs in a structural configuration integral to the rock, such as layering, veinlets, overgrowths. The 'material' composition of these parts will often be other rock materials, not minerals, and 'ParticleGeometryDescription' associated with these describes the geometry of the constituent, not the particles the it is made of. These roles are mostly useful for RockMaterial descriptions that apply to individual samples, because their distribution is unlikely to be pervasive enought to be considered characteristic of a large mass of material. D. Constituent crystallized in crystallographic continuity with some other mineral constituent, typically quartz or calcite. In a clastic rock, commonly forms cement as well, but this should be represented using two role attribute links, 'overgrowth' and cement, because overgrowth does not necessarily imply cement.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,overgrowth,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Overgrowth 1_1_rxoxcf0l,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lung resident memory CD8-positive, CD103-positive, alpha-beta T cell'?","A. A granzyme K-associated CD8 T cell that resides in the lung, characterized by the expression of granzyme K (GZMK), and tissue residency markers CD103 and CD49a. This cell exhibits cytotoxic potential through its expression of multiple granzymes (GZMA, GZMB, GZMH, GZMM) in addition to GZMK. B. An alpha-beta CD8 T cell that resides in the lung. C. A lung resident memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is CD103-positive. D. A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"lung resident memory CD8-positive, CD103-positive, alpha-beta T cell",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033040 1_1_onx6f91n,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer's disease 5'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 8p12-q22. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q25. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 12p11.23-q13.12. D. A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Alzheimer's disease 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110037 1_1_udhh7kk4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal proportion of marginal zone B cells'?","A. A deviation of the normal proportion of memory B cells in circulation relative to total number of B cells. Memory B cells develop from naive B cells. Upon antigen rechallenge, memory B cells rapidly expand and differentiate into plasma cells under the cognate control of memory Th cells (Phase IV). B. An elevation in the normal proportion of marginal zone B cells (CD19+/CD27+/IgM+/IgD+) in circulation relative to the total number of B cells. C. A deviation of the normal proportion of class-switched memory B cells (CD19+/CD27+/IgM-/IgD-) in circulation relative to the total number of B cells. Marginal zone B cells undergo limited somatic hypermutation and produce high-affinity IgM and some IgG, whereas class-switched memory B cells synthetize IgG, IgM, and IgA. D. A deviation of the normal proportion of marginal zone B cells (CD19+/CD27+/IgM+/IgD+) in circulation relative to the total number of B cells.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal proportion of marginal zone B cells,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030383 1_1_eylagbwu,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fatty acid derivative'?","A. A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group. B. Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid. C. Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. D. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fatty acid derivative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61697 1_1_w8g5b6ww,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'PC(18:0_20:4)'?","A. A phosphatidylcholine 38:4 in which one acyl group has 18 carbons and is fully saturated while the other has 20 carbons and 4 double bonds (position not specified). B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 4 double bonds. C. A phosphatidylcholine 38:4 in which one acyl group has 16 carbons and is fully saturated while the other has 22 carbons and 4 double bonds (position not specified). D. A phosphatidylcholine 38:4 in which the two acyl substituents at positions 1 and 2 are specified as stearoyl and arachidonoyl respectively.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,PC(18:0_20:4),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_167256 1_1_piek6y9c,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'catalase'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human CAT gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is composed of a long N-terminal extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain contains beta-propeller repeats (interrupted by an A domain in a subset of integrins alpha), while the C-terminal domain contains a GFFxR motif. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2RA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human AFP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,catalase,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000005061 1_1_7wno8hvm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 's/he/hir pronouns'?","A. Any of various pronoun sets including vi and vim. B. A pronoun set composed of zme, zmyr, zmyrs, and zmyrself. C. A pronoun set composed of s/he, hir, hirs, hirself. D. Any of various pronoun sets including vi, ver, and vers.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,s/he/hir pronouns,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011628 1_1_91awnher,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'geological fault'?","A. A vein is a geological fracture which is filled with minerals precipitated out of an aqueous solution. B. A fault across which older rocks are pushed above (away from the core of an astronomical body) younger rocks. C. A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. D. A deep fissure in rock.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,geological fault,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000668 1_1_c2775iug,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'liver'?","A. An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. B. A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. C. Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts D. An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,liver,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 1_1_xxzxggu1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'violence against transgender men'?","A. Homicide of a transgender person in which the person's attitudes toward transgender people ultimately resulted in the homicide. B. Acts of violence committed against transgender men. C. Acts of violence committed against men. D. Acts of violence committed against gay people.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,violence against transgender men,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003076 1_1_0em2wx7i,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete sagenhaft'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete sagenhaft,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000691 1_1_xkfj9k1n,"In the ontology of Public Contracts, which of the following definitions best describes 'Framework agreement'?","A. Opening of tenders submitted for a public contract B. An instance of this class is an abstract information entity about a public contract. It consists of all currently known information about a contract, e.g., a contracting authority, services or supplies which shall be purchased, and contract conditions (e.g., important dates, expected price, etc.). It also informs about tenders received from particular bidders and about an accepted tender. If the contract has already been realized it also informs about an actual price of realization, etc. C. Class for decribing a framework agreement D. Basic class for decribing a tender submitted by a bidder",C,1_1,business_finance/public_contracts_ontology,Framework agreement,http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#FrameworkAgreement 1_1_vaecw71m,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Central diaphragmatic hernia'?","A. A congenital diaphragm defect involving the central tendinous (e.g., amuscular) portion of the diaphragm, whereby the entire rim of diaphragmatic musculature is present. B. An anterior retrosternal or parasternal hernia that can result in the herniation of liver or intestines into the chest cavity. C. Congenital absence of the right-sided diaphragm. D. The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Central diaphragmatic hernia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025195 1_1_pqb4tmd1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other chest pain'?","A. Usually a symptom of a disease or caused by physical damage B. Unspecified anterior chest-wall pain C. pain in the chest, unspecified cause D. pain in the chest not caused by heart disease or heart attack",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other chest pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000450 1_1_7268nl4w,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seed coat'?","A. A plant structure that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells of one or more types. B. A portion of plant tissue that is the central region of an endosperm , composed of cells that are significantly larger than those at the periphery, especially the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers. C. A portion of plant tissue that is the internal part of a sporangium , bounded by the sporangium wall , and has as parts archesporial cells . D. A portion of plant tissue that is the covering of a seed derived from ovular - mainly integumentary - tissue.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seed coat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009088 1_1_buqpwshk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesolow'?","A. A low pressure area on the mesoscale. It has been used to refer both to features observed within convective storms and features even larger in scale. B. A cold low that has grown out of a trough and become displaced out of the basic westerly current and lies equatorward of this current. C. A seasonal low found over a continent in the summer and over the adjacent sea in the winter. Examples are the lows over the southwestern US and India in summer and those located off lower California and in the Bay of Bengal in winter. Palmer (1951) points out that, while the winter and summer monsoon lows appear similar on mean charts, they are dynamically quite different. Compare thermal low. D. A point of maximum decrease in atmospheric pressure over a specified interval of time; on synoptic charts, a point of greatest negative pressure tendency; opposed to a pressure- rise center.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mesolow,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/Mesolow 1_1_3w1wgou2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesonephric podocyte differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular epithelial cell. Mesonephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the mesonephric glomerulus; there are two types, mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesonephric podocyte differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061256 1_1_so5q3tjr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'toxic encephalopathy'?","A. A nervous system disease that is characterized by complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles except for the ones that control the movements of the eyes. B. A nervous system disease that results_from damage located_in left parietal lobe, has_symptom agraphia, has_symptom acalculia, has_symptom finger agnosia. C. A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the central nervous system or located_in the peripheral nervous system. D. A nervous system disease that results from exposure to neurotoxicants and is characterized by an altered mental status, memory loss, and visual problems.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,toxic encephalopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3602 1_1_bse5xt0a,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pse-(2->6)-beta-D-Glc-(1->6)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[Pse-(2->6)-beta-D-Glc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-D-GalNAc'?","A. An amino octasaccharide comprising three D-GlcNS(6S) residues, one D-GlcNS(6S) residue, two D-GlcA(2S) residues and two D-GlcA residues (with one at the reducing end joined to 4-nitrophenol via a glycosidic linkage). B. An amino octasaccharide consisting of two beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine disaccharide units linked beta(1->3), to each galactosyl residue of which is linked beta(1->6) a pseudaminyl-(2->6)-D-glucosyl branch. The molecule represents two of the repeat units of the exopolysaccharide of the the Gram negative pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii strain 54149, of which the majority of the repeat units contain the aforementioned linked pseudaminic acid moiety (PMID:29965749). C. A branched amino octasaccharide consisting of a linear hexasaccharide comprising beta-D-galactose, N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine and beta-D-galactose residues, two L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose (L-alpha-D-Hep) residues and a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulose (alpha-Kdo) residue linked in sequence (1->3), (1->4), (1->3), (1->3) and (1->5), to the L-alpha-D-Hep residue proximal to the reducing end is also linked (1->4) a beta-D-glucose residue, while the alpha-Kdo residue also carries a second alpha-Kdo residue linked (2->-4). One of a number of chemoenzymatically synthesised oligosaccharides composed of the inner core oligosaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni extended by various ganglioside mimics. D. A branched amino octasaccharide consisting of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue at the reducing end with a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc moiety attached via a beta-(1->4)-linkage and an alpha-L-Fuc residue attached via an alpha-(1->6)-linkage.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Pse-(2->6)-beta-D-Glc-(1->6)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-[Pse-(2->6)-beta-D-Glc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-D-GalNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141592 1_1_qo3ezb0u,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified acute viral hepatitis'?","A. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver. B. any disturbance of liver function that causes illness. C. Hepatitis (not hepatitis A or hepatitis B); inflammation of the liver D. Unspecified late stage scarring of the liver",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified acute viral hepatitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000463 1_1_hd6i8ou2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'PE(16:0_20:4)'?","A. A phosphatidylethanolamine 36:4 in which one acyl group has 16 carbons and is fully saturated while the other has 20 carbons and 4 double bonds (position not specified). B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl (arachidonoyl) respectively. C. A phosphatidylethanolamine 36:4 in which both acyl groups contain 18 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. A phosphatidylethanolamine 36:4 in which the acyl group at C-1 contains 16 carbons and no double bonds while that at C-2 contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,PE(16:0_20:4),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_167261 1_1_py661up4,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'corn exchange'?","A. A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. B. A booth with an open window on one side. C. A commercial building where merchants trade grains. D. A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,corn exchange,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501275 1_1_q9qfxkcf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome epidermis'?","A. A stomatal complex that is part of a phyllome . B. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a nectary . C. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a carpel . D. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a phyllome .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025157 1_1_18ltem6c,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'RockDassie'?","A. Warthogs are mostly herbivourous but sometimes eat meat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog B. They eat grasses and broad-leafed plants C. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended D. Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat only leaves.",B,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,RockDassie,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#RockDassie 1_1_5vobubi0,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pleural effusion, not elsewhere classified'?","A. increased amounts of fluid between the thin layers of tissue lining the lung and wall of the chest cavity B. Pleural plaques are deposits of hyalinized collagen fibers in the parietal pleura. C. There are three types of pleural disorders—pleurisy, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax—and they have varying causes. D. increased amounts of fluid in pleural cavity",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"pleural effusion, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000211 1_1_t6b4flkx,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'gametophore stem'?","A. A gametophore axis that is a leafless extension of a gametophore stem or branch on which a sporophyte is borne. B. A shoot axis that is part of a gametophore . C. A stem that is part of a gametophore. D. A shoot axis that is the primary axis of a plant.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,gametophore stem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030022 1_1_sj2baxnq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uncomplicated asthma'?","A. Asthma symptoms (airway swelling) occuring fewer than three times a week B. a chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe C. Bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it hard to breathe D. Nonallergic asthma (a condition in which your airways narrow and swell)",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,uncomplicated asthma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000201 1_1_3tstwrch,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plastic'?","A. A binding method or material used to bind the pages of a comic. B. A plastic of which a supply item is composed. C. A paper stock on which a comic is printed. D. A material or medium of which an object is composed.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Plastic,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Plastic 1_1_ovmqwd2p,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'oviposition'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism following mating. B. The deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating. C. A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring. D. The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,oviposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0018991 1_1_afcungav,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry adiabatic lapse rate'?","A. (Also called lamb-blasts, lamb-showers, lamb storm.) A slight fall of snow in the spring in England. B. The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation C. A process lapse rate of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium. D. The environmental lapse rate of temperature in an atmosphere in which the density is constant with height (homogeneous atmosphere), equal to g/R, where g is the acceleration of gravity and R the gas constant.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,dry adiabatic lapse rate,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperatureGradient/DryAdiabaticLapseRate 1_1_nwn5ith7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Submental vein'?","A. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains some pterygoid plexus. B. Tributary of fecial vein, each instance of which that follows some submental artery and drains some submandibular and sublingual glands, mylohyoid muscle, and skin in the submental area. C. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains blood from some tonsils and soft palate. D. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which is a short vein between some eye and root of some nose, formed by union of some supratrochlear and supraorbital veins and continues inferiorly as some facial vein.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Submental vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50925 1_1_ukk5hlir,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'perforin production'?","A. The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. B. The appearance of a perforin protein due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. C. The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. D. The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,perforin production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035944 1_1_3pfcgfh9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot system ground meristem'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue . B. A ground meristem that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue in the root system . C. A more or less abrupt swelling, especially at the apex or base of a leaf sheath. D. A ground meristem that gives rise to a portion of ground tissue in the shoot system .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot system ground meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025595 1_1_e9qvqdt8,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'striated'?","A. Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. B. An elongated raised margin or border. C. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. D. A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,striated,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001410 1_1_oneujhkh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'spirotetramat'?","A. A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. B. An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, ""spirotetramat-enol"") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops. C. A nitroso compound that is the nitroso derivative of benzene; a diamagnetic hybrid of singlet O2 and azobenzene. D. A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindolin-1-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5 and 6 by hydroxy, triprenyloxy and methoxy groups, respectively. The alkaloid was isolated from the model fungus Aspegillus nidulans.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,spirotetramat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81975 1_1_eklr2yxa,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special education teacher, preschool'?","A. Teach courses in business administration and management, such as accounting, finance, human resources, labor and industrial relations, marketing, and operations research. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Develop quantitative techniques to inform securities investing, equities investing, pricing, or valuation of financial instruments. Develop mathematical or statistical models for risk management, asset optimization, pricing, or relative value analysis. C. Teach academic, social, and life skills to preschool-aged students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. D. Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"special education teacher, preschool",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25205100 1_1_4pwdhpyt,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pelvic fin distal radial cartilage 2'?","A. Pelvic fin distal radial 2 element that is composed of cartilage tissue. B. Pelvic fin distal radial 3 element that is composed of cartilage tissue. C. Pelvic fin distal radial 1 element that is composed of cartilage tissue. D. Pelvic fin distal radial 2 element that is composed of bone tissue.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pelvic fin distal radial cartilage 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2201415 1_1_6f32pduv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine'?","A. Any glycerophosphocholine having an oxidized fatty acyl component. Major species at pH 7.3. B. A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine carrying unspecified alk-1-enyl and acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively. Major species at pH 7.3. C. A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively. D. A glycerophosphocholine that is sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which positions 1 and 2 are substituted by unspecified alkyl groups.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78188 1_1_f56410kw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'larynx carcinoma in situ'?","A. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the prostate. B. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the nasal cavity. C. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the uterus. D. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the larynx.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,larynx carcinoma in situ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9011 1_1_er1th887,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiration organ'?","A. An unpaired kidney whose duct opens into the anterior pharynx. It can be seen as a deep ciliated fossa on the dorsal midline of the buccal cavity (mouth). Among other things, it secrets mucus which entraps food particles from the water[WP]. B. Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. C. Organ that functions in gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms. D. The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,respiration organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000171 1_1_gznxc0i8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'telencephalic nucleus'?","A. An interventional study design in which study participants are informed which of two or more interventions that they are to experience. B. A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. C. Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species. D. A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,telencephalic nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009663 1_1_ctumkz4o,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'European Medicines Agency Copyright'?","A. The European Medicines Agency Copyright states that the Agency is the owner of copyright and other intellectual property rights for documents and other content published on their website. Information and documents made available on the Agency's webpages are public and may be reproduced and/or distributed, totally or in part, irrespective of the means and/or the formats used, for non-commercial and commercial purposes, provided that the Agency is always acknowledged as the source of the material. Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. Citations may be made from such material without prior permission, provided the source is always acknowledged. The above-mentioned permissions do not apply to content supplied by third parties. Therefore, for documents where the copyright vests in a third party, permission for reproduction must be obtained from this copyright holder. B. The created contents and works provided under this license by CellFinder are subject to the German copyright law. Third-party contributions are marked as such. Reproduction, adaptation, dissemination and any kind of exploitation outside the limits of the copyright require the written consent of the author or creator. Downloads and copies of these pages are only permitted for private, non-commercial use. The operators of these pages aim to observe the copyright of others or will refer to their own or license-free works. C. The SBGN Open License with Attribution is a very simple statement of openness for the SBGN standard and related resources available on its website. No one—not the principal investigators, nor the SBGN Editors, nor the members of the SBGN Scientific Committee, nor the funding agencies or anyone else—owns SBGN; it is a free and open community effort that extends beyond any single group, and they view themselves only as organizers and fellow developers. D. The NLM Open License with Attribution is a vendor-specific license which is similar to public domain, but which requests attribution. Government information at NLM Web sites is in the public domain. Public domain information may be freely distributed and copied, but it is requested that in any subsequent use the National Library of Medicine (NLM) be given appropriate acknowledgement. When using NLM Web sites, you may encounter documents, illustrations, photographs, or other information resources contributed or licensed by private individuals, companies, or organizations that may be protected by U.S. and foreign copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use as defined in the copyright laws requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Specific NLM Web sites containing protected information provide additional notification of conditions associated with its use.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,European Medicines Agency Copyright,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000112 1_1_solqqpzp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'iridophore'?","A. A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platelets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color. B. Any neuron that develops from some migratory neural crest cell. C. A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. D. Pharyngeal cartilage that caps the medial margin of the palatine at the autopalatine-lateral ethmoid joint.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,iridophore,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000431 1_1_p1qhxtlp,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'derivative instrument'?","A. financial instrument that can be bought or sold B. financial instrument and credit agreement evidencing monies owed by the issuer to the holder on terms as specified C. financial instrument that confers on its holders certain rights or obligations, whose value is derived from one or more underlying assets D. written contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability of another entity",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,derivative instrument,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/DerivativeInstrument 1_1_mupoiwwm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stamen primordium visible stage'?","A. A collective phyllome structure development stage that has as a primary participant an androecium . B. A portion of plant tissue that is the innermost differentiated layer of a pericarp . C. Stages of development of the anther defined by characteristic morphological, cytological, histological or other visible features. D. Stage of androecium development that begins when the stamens or petal-stamen primordia arise.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stamen primordium visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007613 1_1_rc85z0wa,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'globaltest'?","A. Testing whether sets of genes (e.g. KEGG pathways of GO terms) are significantly associated with a clinical variable of interest. B. The rama package consists of several functions for robust estimation of two color microarray intensities with replicates C. This package provides tools for evaluating cohort distributions of gene expression levels D. This packages contains tools to support the construction of tcltk widgets",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,globaltest,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000561 1_1_g2gyywn2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of fungal cells. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071966 1_1_jau9q79e,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'diazepam'?","A. Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines. B. An economic good role that inheres in some material entity that is not an object and is realized in some act of appraisal. C. An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond. D. A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,diazepam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49575 1_1_voa6ujad,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-tryptophyl residue'?","A. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. B. A peptidyl group derived from N(alpha)-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-asparagine. C. A peptidyl group derived from N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-tryptophan. D. A peptidyl group derived from N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-valine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-acetyl-L-methionyl-L-tryptophyl residue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133386 1_1_8ownhdo8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Developmental groove of tooth'?","A. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical lateral, the apical inferoseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its parts some cells of predominantly one type with or without intercellular matrix. Examples: portion of epithelium, portion of muscle tissue, portion of connective tissue, portion of neural tissue. C. This vein connects the great saphenous vein with a femoral vein. It is placed above the posterior crural arch vein. It interconnects the great saphenous vein with femoral vein and is placed at the lower or intermediate 1/3 of thigh. D. Zone of crown of tooth that mark the junction of lobes of crown in its development.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Developmental groove of tooth,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0323815 1_1_zq4n58mg,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Definitional_Expression'?","A. A legal evaluative expression asserts that something is good or bad, is a value to be optimised or an evil to be minimised (for example “human dignity is value”, “participation ought to be promoted”); B. Ascribes a legal role to a person or an object (for example, “x is a citizen”, “x is an intellectual work”, “x is a technical invention”); C. A definition in a legal context (for example “x means y” or “by x it is meant y”); D. Legal expressions are created by some legal speech act and qualified by a communicated attitude",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Definitional_Expression,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Definitional_Expression 1_1_t08i71nv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'time'?","A. In common usage, a dimension is a parameter or measurement used to describe some relevant characteristic of an object. The most commonly used dimensions are the parameters describing the size of an object: length, width, and height, but dimensions can also be other physical parameters such as the mass and electric charge of an object, or even, in a context where cost is relevant, an economic parameter such as its price. B. This concept is of time as an independent variable C. The altitude at which ice crystals and snowflakes begin to melt as they descend through the atmosphere. In cloud physics and in radar meteorology, this is the accepted term for the 0?C constant-temperature surface (see bright band). It is physically more apt than the corresponding operational term, freezing level, for melting of pure ice must begin very near 0?C, but freezing of liquid water can occur over a broad range of temperatures (between 0? and -40?C; see supercooling). See also freezing point, ice point, melting point. D. This concept is of space as an independent variable",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,time,http://sweetontology.net/reprTime/Time 1_1_lk1mt98z,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amyloid fibril'?","A. A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. B. Insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure. C. A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and low density (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of cholesterol esters and smaller amounts of triglycerides. The surface monolayer consists mostly of phospholipids, a single copy of apolipoprotein B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main function of LDL is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the liver. Excessive levels are associated with cardiovascular disease. D. A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,amyloid fibril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60425 1_1_vofzoa5a,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Standard Loop Activity'?","A. An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects. B. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. C. Condition, which is used in the definition of attributes for Start Event and Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. A Process is an activity performed within or across companies or organizations. In BPMN a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Objects, which are a set of other activities and the controls that sequence them. The concept of process is intrinsically hierarchical. Processes may be defined at any level from enterprise-wide processes to processes performed by a single person. Low-level processes may be grouped together to achieve a common business goal. Note that BPMN defines the term Process fairly specifically and defines a Business Process more generically as a set of activities that are performed within an organization or across organizations. Thus a Business Process, as shown in a Business Process Diagram, may contain more than one separate Process. Each Process may have its own Sub-Processes and would be contained within a Pool (Section B.8.2, on page 260). The individual Processes would be independent in terms of Sequence Flow, but could have Message Flow connecting them.",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Standard Loop Activity,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#standard_loop_activity 1_1_s7wivpos,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3beta-hydroxychola-5,20(22)-dien-24-oyl-CoA(4-)'?","A. An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3beta-hydroxychola-5,22-dien-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. B. An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3beta-hydroxychola-5,20(22)-dien-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. C. A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 7beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. D. A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3beta-hydroxychola-5,20(22)-dien-24-oyl-CoA(4-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86017 1_1_rpr10mzf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'stable'?","A. property describing unstable conditions, such as in the atmosphere B. The characteristic of a system if sufficiently small disturbances have only small effects, either decreasing in amplitude or oscillating periodically; it is asymptotically stable if the effect of small disturbances vanishes for long time periods. C. A complex system is a system composed of interconnected parts that as a whole exhibit one or more properties (behavior among the possible properties) not obvious from the properties D. Asymmetric heat flow in geology is an observation that the heat from upwelling mantle does not spread symmetrically away from the hot spot or rift due to differences in crust composition.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,stable,http://sweetontology.net/stateSystem/Stable 1_1_o7i8lfau,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mechanical internal boundary layer'?","A. (Abbreviated MIBL.) An internal boundary layer caused by advection of air across a discontinuity in surface roughness. When the new surface is rougher than the old one, the MIBL depth grows roughly as the 0.8 power of the ratio of the two roughness lengths. In this example, the MIBL grows to include the whole surface layer. B. A layer within the atmosphere bounded below by the surface, and above by a more or less sharp discontinuity in some atmospheric property. Internal boundary layers are associated with the horizontal advection of air across a discontinuity in some property of the surface (e.g., aerodynamic roughness length or surface heat flux) and can be viewed as layers in which the atmosphere is adjusting to new surface properties. See thermal internal boundary layer, mechanical internal boundary layer. C. The Doppler velocity pattern of a mesocyclone within a severe thunderstorm. In a storm-relative reference frame, the idealized signature is symmetric about the radar viewing direction with marked azimuthal shear across the core region between peak Doppler velocity values of opposite sign. Typical signatures consist of Doppler velocity differences of 25? 75 m s-1 across core diameters of 2?8 km, with resulting azimuthal shear values of 5 ? 10-3 s-1 to 2 ? 10-2 s-1. D. The global recirculation of water masses that determines today's climate.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mechanical internal boundary layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoBoundaryLayer/MechanicalInternalBoundaryLayer 1_1_jtbvzzo5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'formation of vascular leaflet primordia stage'?","A. A vascular leaf expansion stage at which a leaflet primordium is initiated on the leaf rachis of a compound leaf . B. A vascular leaf expansion stage during which a rapid elongation of the leaf lamina occurs. C. A vascular leaf expansion stage during which a rapid elongation of the leaf sheath occurs. D. A vascular leaf expansion stage when conical P3 leaf completely encloses SAM, and the ligule primordium is visible.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,formation of vascular leaflet primordia stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004500 1_1_foyucxi6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'fear'?","A. Interest is a positive emotion which motivates learning, exploration and curiosity. Feelings of interest are associated with the novelty and complexity of stimuli. [Source: OCEAS] B. Grief is an intense negative emotion following a bereavement, i.e. the loss of a significant person through that person's death. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion that is aversive and characterised by feelings of threat and impending doom, and by an urge to get out of the situation. D. A negative self-evaluative emotion that occurs when a person brings about a negative outcome by acts of commission or omission that violate internal or external moral standards.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,fear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000026 1_1_q4h60a11,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of adult larvae - counting'?","A. Count from 100 ml of soil sample B. Visual counting method C. Count from 100 ml of soil sample D. Count the number of leaves (functional only > 50% estimated green area)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of adult larvae - counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010204 1_1_e4waxclg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoulder'?","A. Projection of skin containing the outlets for 15-20 lactiferous ducts arranged cylindrically around the tip. B. A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle). C. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. D. An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,shoulder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001467 1_1_bt6tstco,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'stratification'?","A. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up. B. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a layered configuration. C. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's layered configuration. D. A chromatic property that is the relative position of different hues or degrees of saturation.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,stratification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002067 1_1_apmsrl53,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Urban yellow fever'?","A. The viral hemorrhagic (or haemorrhagic) fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. B. The viral hemorrhagic (or haemorrhagic) fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. C. An inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable. D. An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Urban yellow fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000129 1_1_2hvflrei,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Skeletal muscle autophagosome accumulation'?","A. Abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes in skeletal muscle tissue. B. An abnormality in which the nuclei of sarcomeres take on an abnormally central localization (or in which this feature is found in an increased proportion of muscle cells). C. Presence of abnormal vacuoles (membrane-bound organelles) in the sarcolemma. On histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, rimmed vacuoles are popcorn-like clear vacuoles with a densely blue rim. The vacuoles are often associated with cytoplasmic and occasionally intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions. D. Any structural anomaly of the sarcomere, which is unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z disks.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Skeletal muscle autophagosome accumulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025717 1_1_1w3wgft5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'quality of a liquid'?","A. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. B. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. C. A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. D. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,quality of a liquid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001548 1_1_je41fc3a,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral snuff'?","A. An oral tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be chewed. B. An oral tobacco-containing product that is composed mainly or exclusively of moist, ground or powdered tobacco that is processed to make it suitable for use by a person placing it in the mouth between the gum and the cheek. C. Oral snuff in which tobacco, moisturizers, sodium carbonate, salt (sodium chloride), sweeteners and flavourings are mixed to form a moist product, resulting in very low concentrations of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oral snuff,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000295 1_1_62pjvm0u,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tepal margin'?","A. A phyllome margin which is part of a sepal . B. A phyllome margin that is part of a tepal . C. A plant organ margin that is part of a phyllome lamina . D. A phyllome margin that is part of scale leaf .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tepal margin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025015 1_1_f2uxlbat,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'palsa'?","A. A frost heave which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. B. A boat which is used to transport cargo or carry passengers. C. An elevation which is formed as an ice mass forms under soil, resulting in upwards deformation of the land surface. D. A hummock which is primarily composed of soil that has been pushed up by frost action.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,palsa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000489 1_1_vu943uiv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mental imagery'?","A. A mental process that evokes the representation of the sensory characteristics of objects or events when these are not immediately present to the senses. B. A positive emotion that is about an ongoing experience and reflects that the experience is being appraised as pleasurable. C. A mental process that manipulates mental images and words that go beyond mere memory and thoughts about the objects and entities that the person has encountered, to visualise or consider entities and states of affairs that the person has never encountered and which may not yet exist or obtain in the world. Imagination is the capacity to produce images, ideas and sensations in the mind without any immediate input of the senses. D. Approach to prey in manner designed to avoid early detection by prey.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mental imagery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000083 1_1_gaqgwthh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'valine'?","A. Any amino acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents B. An amino acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position alpha to the carboxy group. C. An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. D. A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,valine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27266 1_1_csmng6ir,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed length'?","A. The length of a legume fruit along its main axis. B. The average color of a seed or group of seeds from a plant, expressed as a vector of float values in the color model of choice such as RGB or HSV. C. The length of a seed along its main axis. D. The diameter of a circle of equivalent area to the area of the legume fruit",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0001067 1_1_pxc46yt2,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear'?","A. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets on a sessile spikelet of an ear inflorescence. B. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. C. An ear floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a sessile spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. D. An ear floret that is the upper of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006351 1_1_9evbous4,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'oil shale'?","A. A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. B. An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. C. A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. D. A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP].",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,oil shale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000119 1_1_ox5yve31,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'basicranium'?","A. Structural framework that provides support to the nasal sacs and ducts. B. A group of bones comprised of hyoid body and two pairs of cornua (i.e. greater cornua and lesser cornua), and lies just below the tongue, above the thyroid cartilage. C. The base of skull is the most inferior area of the skull, composed of the endocranium and lower parts of the skull roof. D. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,basicranium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002517 1_1_ei2qx1g6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylinositol binding'?","A. Binding to an inositol-containing glycerophospholipid, i.e. phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. B. Binding to ceramide 1-phosphate. C. Binding to phosphatidylglycerol. D. Binding to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. GPI anchors serve to attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phosphatidylinositol binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035091 1_1_5ffyhel0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'garbin'?","A. A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M. B. A coastal local wind that blows from sea to land, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is colder than the adjacent land. C. A sea breeze of Naples in Italy. D. A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,garbin,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Garbin 1_1_x9fw178h,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Person'?","A. A component of a work, at an arbitrary level of precision. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of. B. Individual people or groups of people, like an institution with a legal recognition, who have the potential to perform intentional actions for which they can be held responsible. C. A real person who live or has lived. D. Institutions or groups of people that have obtained a legal recognition as a group and can act collectively as agents.",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Person,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#Person 1_1_pr262dx7,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Currency'?","A. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g. “instances of cm”. Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the units in which a monetary system, supported by an administrative authority or other community, quantifies and arithmetically compares all monetary amounts declared in the unit. The unit of a monetary system must describe a nominal value which is kept constant by its administrative authority and an associated banking system if it exists, and not by market value. For instance, one may pay with grams of gold, but the respective monetary amount would have been agreed as the gold price in US dollars on the day of the payment. Under this definition, British Pounds, U.S. Dollars, and European Euros are examples of currency, but “grams of gold” is not. One monetary system has one and only one currency. Instances of this class must not be confused with coin denominations, such as “Dime” or “Sestertius”. Non-monetary exchange of value in terms of quantities of a particular type of goods, such as cows, do not constitute a currency.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space. It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an instance of E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods. Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore, E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical birth, an instance of E67 Birth, can be seen as both a single event, i.e. an instance of E5 Event, and as an extended period, i.e. an instance of E4 Period, that consists of multiple physical processes and complementary activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor. E4 Period is a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime Volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CIDOC CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance, it is possible to discuss the physical extent of an instance of E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomenon while an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore, this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language. Typical use of this class in cultural heritage documentation is for documenting cultural and artistic periods. There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period in the European sphere of influence lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type. A geopolitical unit as a specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena related to the claim of power, the consequences of belonging to a jurisdictional area and an administrative system that establishes a geopolitical unit. Examples from the modern period are countries or administrative areas of countries such as districts whose actions and structures define activities and phenomena in the area that they intend to govern. The borders of geopolitical units are often defined in contracts or treaties although they may deviate from the actual practice. The spatiotemporal properties of Geopolitical units can be modelled through the properties inherited from E92 Spacetime Volume. Another specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the actual extent of the set of activities and phenomena as evidenced by their physical traces that define a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E98 Currency,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E98_Currency 1_1_k006log5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes '1 pattern formation stage'?","A. The stage trichome nuclei continue to replicate their DNA after mitosis and cytokinesis have ceased, and as a consequence have a DNA content much greater than 2C. B. The stage trichome develops branches. C. The stage involved in the directionality of expansion growth. D. Trichome initiation stage that determine numbers of trichome are formed.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,1 pattern formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007056 1_1_gk60bwle,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bitumous coal'?","A. Coal heated in the absence of air. B. a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It is an organic sedimentary rock formed by diagenetic and sub metamorphic compression of peat bog material. C. A hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest ranking of coal. D. A soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bitumous coal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_2000010 1_1_b43fksd1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mineral material'?","A. Dust which is derived from mineral material. B. Frozen soil which is firmly cemented by water ice, is subject to brittle failure, and exhibits practically no consolidation under load. C. A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. D. A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mineral material,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000256 1_1_k74muuwo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2'?","A. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is characterized by rapidly progressive muscle weakness and death due to respiratory failure and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KIF5A gene on chromosome 12q13. ALS25 may have a lower median age at onset (46.5 years) and longer median survival (10 years) than that found in epidemiologic studies (62.5 years and 20 to 30 months, respectively). B. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CHCHD10 gene on chromosome 22. It is characterized by adult onset of either frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. C. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SQSTM1 gene on chromosome 5q35. D. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MATR3 gene on chromosome 5.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060214 1_1_etb2bsmn,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole'?","A. A 1,3-thiazole that is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by isopropyl and methyl groups, respectively. A fruit flavour intensifier, it has a peach flavour with distinct vegetable and tropical notes. Also used in apricot, nectarine, durian, mango, pear and blackcurrant flavours. Present in Indonesian durian fruit (Durio zibethinus), red tomatoes, yeast extract, coriander seed oil, and roast meats. B. A peptide antibiotic isolated from soil and enteric bacteria. It is a protein synthesis inhibitor which exhibits antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. C. A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-{methyl[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid with the amino group of 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is a casein kinase 1alpha activator (Kd = 32 nM) that inhibits WNT signaling (EC50 = 30 nM). D. A sulfoxide resulting from the oxidation of the sulfur attached to one of the phenyl groups of GW 501516. It is a urinary metabolite of GW 501516 (a failed drug candidate and gene doping agent whose use by athletes has been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency), so detection of the sulfoxide in sports drugs testing can be used to prove GW 501516 doping.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133679 1_1_amg8uy1t,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. D. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044469 1_1_q2v4do67,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Charcoal rot incidence'?","A. Common smut (Ustilago maydis, syn. U. zeae)incidence. B. Loss of weight of the grain samples caused by weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) feeding during a given period of incubation. C. Charcoal rot or (Macrophomina phaseolina) incidence. D. Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Charcoal rot incidence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000062 1_1_bia7us6z,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'one-dimensional temporal region'?","A. It is a fiat surface that is 'located in' the external surface of a 'geological object'. B. (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts C. (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold D. It is a BFO temporal interval that corresponds to a time interval within the Geological Time Scale.",B,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,one-dimensional temporal region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000038 1_1_e5ng8cl9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes '1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest'?","A. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. B. Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch maxillary component. C. Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme. D. Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,1st arch maxillary mesenchyme from neural crest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010253 1_1_dy03t0q2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Z chromosome'?","A. Sex chromosomes as they occur in humans. B. A sex chromosome that has not been inactivated. C. A chromosome involved in sex determination. D. The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Z chromosome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000807 1_1_od96xlmt,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf margin'?","A. Presence (1) absence (0) scoring of pigmented axils B. Categorized according to the color scoring card C. Scored from 1 = lax (loose) with panicle axes easily visible to 7 = tight and compact panicles D. Leaf margins are classified into 3 groups",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf margin,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_367:0000092 1_1_9gqv1aas,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation'?","A. A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5. B. A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme. C. A manual digit 5 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. D. A manual digit metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a manual digit 5 mesenchyme.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,manual digit 5 metacarpus pre-cartilage condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010569 1_1_4jfl9706,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'temporal start'?","A. The process boundary when a process or temporal region starts. B. The process boundary at the beginning of a follow-up period. C. A process boundary that involves the end of a period of tobacco use. D. A process boundary that involves restarting a behaviour pattern after a period of abstinence from that behaviour pattern.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,temporal start,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000157 1_1_up6ayckz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PostScript'?","A. tex is a format for documents written in the document markup language and document preparation system LaTeX. B. PDF is an open standard for document exchange. C. This package finds optimal sets of genes that seperate samples into two or more classes. D. PostScript is a format used for describing documents.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PostScript,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000024 1_1_qnen7h6s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of hard palate'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]. B. Anterior part of the quadratojugal that is in contact with the processus posterior of the maxilla. C. A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. D. The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,epithelium of hard palate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003368 1_1_rvuv3q9c,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'audiovisual equipment installer or repairer'?","A. Install, repair, or adjust audio or television receivers, stereo systems, camcorders, video systems, or other electronic entertainment equipment in homes or other venues. May perform routine maintenance. B. Determine tax liability or collect taxes from individuals or business firms according to prescribed laws and regulations. C. Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other scanning modalities. D. Operate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, or other mechanical equipment to provide utilities for buildings or industrial processes. Operate equipment such as steam engines, generators, motors, turbines, and steam boilers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,audiovisual equipment installer or repairer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49209700 1_1_p8ndov0a,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0110117 1_1_weoyeh3k,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'swertifrancheside'?","A. A C-glycosyl compound that is isoorientin in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a glucosyl residue. B. A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is nygerone B in which the N-phenyl substituent has been fluorinated at the para position. It has been isolated from Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015. C. An isoquinoline alkaloid that is (3S)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline substituted by a 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalen-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the leaves of Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis and exhibits antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanocidal activities. D. A ring assembly that is a dimer obtained by coupling between 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one and C-glycosylated 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone. Isolated from Swertia franchetiana, it exhibits anti-HIV activity.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,swertifrancheside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66537 1_1_cw2mkfx1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->4)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Glcp'?","A. A linear amino hexasaccharide made up from two glucosamine, one glucose and three galactose residues, linked as shown. B. A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of D-glucose at the reducing end having an alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 4-position. C. A linear amino pentasaccharide comprising one fucose, two galactose, one glucosamine and one glucose unit (at the reducing end), linked as shown. D. A linear amino trisaccharide comprising an alpha-N-glycoloylneuraminyl residue (2->3)-linked to a beta-D-galactosyl residue, which is in turn linked (1->4) to N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->4)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Glcp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61352 1_1_0hoybdhc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'decision tree building data transformation'?","A. Model or simulate some biological entity or system, typically using mathematical techniques including dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, and game theoretic models. B. A CART (classification and regression trees) is a data transformation method for producing a classification or regression model with a tree-based structure. C. Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation. D. A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,decision tree building data transformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000707 1_1_00gdk760,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary hypertension DP'?","A. A hypertensive disease that is caused by an identifiable underlying primary cause B. I15.9 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of secondary hypertension, unspecified. A 'billable code' is detailed enough to be used to specify a medical diagnosis. C. inability or refusal to swallow. D. A hypertensive disease that shows up with persistently elevated high blood pressure in the arteries, and has no identifiable cause. It does not include those hypertensive diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. Note that the essential hypertension affects 95% of hypertensive patients.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,secondary hypertension DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000141 1_1_8ezgvq24,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal exteroceptive sensation'?","A. A type of somatic sensory dysfunction characterized by abnormality of superficial sensation that is mediated by receptors in skin and mucous membranes. B. A reduced ability to discriminate between different temperatures. C. Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses, which may refer to various modes of cutaneous sensibility including touch and thermal sensation without pain, as well as to pain. D. Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal exteroceptive sensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033747 1_1_n29cpe3y,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''DynDoc''?","A. A set of functions to create and interact with dynamic documents and vignettes. B. PLGEM is useful for detecting differential expression in microarray and proteomics datasets. C. This package implements a Kolmogorov Smirnov rank-sum based algorithm for training and classification of gene expression data sets. One of the chief strengths of this approach is that it is amenable to the ""multiclass"" problem. That is, it can discriminate between more than 2 classes. D. Sample size and power analysis for microarray data, where two groups are analysed.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'DynDoc',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100124 1_1_rqnk7zf6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'household environment'?","A. A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. B. A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. C. An anthropogenic environment in which populations of humans have limited acess to affordable and nutritious food. D. An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by a human dwelling.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,household environment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501339 1_1_30a56165,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Creation'?","A. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E65 Creation,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E65_Creation 1_1_1wcj4mwj,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'tactile consciousness'?","A. Olfactory consciousness is consciousness of an olfactory stimulus (scent), as experienced through the olfactory sensory medium as a part of a process of smelling. B. Auditory consciousness is consciousness of an auditory stimulus, as a part of a conscious process of hearing. C. Visual consciousness is consciousness of a visual stimulus, as experienced through the visual sensory medium as a part of a process of seeing. D. Tactile consciousness is consciousness that is experienced in the tactile sensory medium, through the sensory medium of touch and pressure sensation.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,tactile consciousness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000036 1_1_ftpm2idm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'endosomal lumen acidification'?","A. Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. B. Any process that reduces the pH of the phagosome, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. C. Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,endosomal lumen acidification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048388 1_1_coh8uwa0,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'counseling, unspecified'?","A. person is disabled physically or mentally, so they are in need of medical services B. help with diet means the person is not eating healthy. C. the provision of assistance and guidance in resolving personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties, especially by a professional. D. Care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"counseling, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000382 1_1_vmbfmpks,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rocky Mountain spotted fever'?","A. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia conorii subsp caspia, which is transmitted_by ticks (Rhipicephalus pumilio and Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar (usually single), has_symptom regional adenopathy, has_symptom maculopapular rash on extremities. B. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia heilongjiangensis, which is transmitted_by ticks (Haemaphysalis concinna). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar, has_symptom maculopapular rash, and has_symptom regional adenopathy. C. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia rickettsii, which is transmitted_by ticks (Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom abdominal pain, and has_symptom maculopapular rash progressing into papular or petechial rash. D. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia parkeri, which is transmitted_by Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom eschar, and has_symptom rash.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Rocky Mountain spotted fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050052 1_1_zwy11b65,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Infective myositis'?","A. A disorder characterized by an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles. B. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone. C. A disorder characterized by an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles. D. degeneration of the tissues of the hip joint, including hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, bone, and synovium",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Infective myositis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000084 1_1_tzu0qjqi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'hindlimb bud'?","A. A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb or pelvic fin. B. A limb bud that develops into a forelimb. C. An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a limb. The limb bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. D. A limb bud that develops into a hindlimb.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,hindlimb bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005418 1_1_senhf01b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'specimen'?","A. A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. B. A material entity that has two or more specimens as its parts. C. A material entity that has the specimen role. D. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,specimen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100051 1_1_ybuogiot,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulated occupation activity'?","A. Move or install mobile homes or prefabricated buildings. B. An occupation activity which is illegal or ostracized in a given jurisdiction. C. A process in which an occupation holder participates that realizes either an occupation disposition or job role. D. An occupation activity which the occupation holder must be authorized to perform in a given jurisdiction (timeframe etc).",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,regulated occupation activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000112 1_1_7566b0tr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'extinction coefficient'?","A. Rock glaciers are distinctive geomorphological landforms of blocky detritus which may extend outward and downslope from talus cones or from glaciers or the terminal moraines of glaciers. [Wikipedia] B. The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. C. A measure of the extinction due to scattering of monochromatic radiation as it traverses a medium containing scattering particles. D. The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,extinction coefficient,http://sweetontology.net/propSpaceDistance/ExtinctionCoefficient 1_1_8p656szr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'important other who vapes nicotine'?","A. A person with whom someone has a sufficiently close relationship that they are willing to discuss important matters. B. An important other who vapes nicotine. C. An important other who smokes tobacco. D. A product that produces a vapour for inhalation by a person.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,important other who vapes nicotine,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001282 1_1_677ylahi,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glutathione S-conjugate carboxypeptidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: an S-substituted glutathione + H2O = glycine + S-substituted gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine. Patricipates in glutathione-mediated detoxification. B. Catalysis of the cleavage of the D-alanyl-D-alanine bond in (Ac)2-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-gamma-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminoheptanedioate (murein tripeptide) + H2O = L-alanyl-D-glutamate + meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosyl-[tubulin] + H2O = C-terminal L-alpha-aminoacyl-L-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[tubulin] + L-tyrosine.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glutathione S-conjugate carboxypeptidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102274 1_1_cz27wgqb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'heating, air conditioning, or refrigeration mechanics or installer'?","A. Command or supervise operations of ships and water vessels, such as tugboats and ferryboats. Required to hold license issued by U.S. Coast Guard. B. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 3. C. Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. D. Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, HVAC, or refrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air furnaces, and heating stoves.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"heating, air conditioning, or refrigeration mechanics or installer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49902100 1_1_du0l9uzz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of catalytic activity'?","A. Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. B. Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme. C. Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of catalytic activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043086 1_1_ogdz48mc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spikelet floret'?","A. A small flower in the center of a head-type (capitulum) inflorescence . B. A flower that includes as part an androecium , and the gynoecium is absent or has aborted during development. C. A small flower that is part of a spikelet . D. A small, pistillate flower that is part of a ear spikelet .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spikelet floret,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009082 1_1_s7eb2xwh,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of actin filament organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of supramolecular fiber organization. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament organization. D. Any cell-cell adhesion process that modulates the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of actin filament organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0110053 1_1_d1g602wq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleobase-containing molecular entity'?","A. A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates. B. Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. C. An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. D. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nucleobase-containing molecular entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61120 1_1_cl9hshcq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'short nephron'?","A. A nephron that is part of a mesonephros. B. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. C. A pronephric nephron is the functional unit of the pronephros[GO]. D. Short nephrons are associated with mid-cortical glomeruli, and have no short ascending limb, so the limb is situated in the outer medulla.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,short nephron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004195 1_1_vcr315di,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuron spine'?","A. A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck. B. A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). C. A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. D. A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,neuron spine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044309 1_1_8jt9y6zw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development'?","A. The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the kidney along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. B. The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. C. The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the ureteric bud along the anterior/posterior axis to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. D. Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the pronephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,anterior/posterior pattern specification involved in pronephros development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034672 1_1_fw4plzw7,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'orogeny'?","A. Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other. [Wikipedia] B. Plate divergence is the phenomena of plates drifting apart [Wikipedia] C. Plate convergence is the phenomena of two plates moving toward one another. [Wikipedia] D. Orogeny refers to natural mountain building, and may be studied as (a) a tectonic structural event, (b) as a geographical event, and (c) a chronological event. Orogenic events (a) cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, (b) affect certain regions of rocks and crust, and (c) happen within a specific period of time. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,orogeny,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/Orogeny 1_1_glyfctn1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'polar nucleus fusion'?","A. During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from two nuclei as a result of fusing the nuclear envelopes that surround each nuclei. This takes place following the mutual exchange of one of the two nuclei produced by the mitosis that follows the second meiotic nuclear division. This occurs in ciliated protozoans such as Tetrahymena. B. The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized. C. The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome. D. During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,polar nucleus fusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010197 1_1_qb31hey3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol hexakisphosphate + H2O = 1-myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5-pentakisphosphate + phosphate. B. The multiplication or reproduction of vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. C. The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. D. The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990874 1_1_favc3psb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phragmosome'?","A. A cytoskeletal structure surrounding the axoneme and outer dense fibers of the sperm flagellum. Consists of two longitudinal columns connected by closely arrayed semicircular ribs that assemble from distal to proximal throughout spermiogenesis. The fibrous sheath probably influences the degree of flexibility, plane of flagellar motion, and the shape of the flagellar beat. B. The region of the bacterial-type flagellum where the hook and filament meet. C. A flattened membranous vesicle containing cell wall components. D. The outermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phragmosome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009525 1_1_st141er7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'musculoskeletal disorder'?","A. Injury to the body or interference of normal body functions by a substance that is ingested. B. A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a destructive external force. C. A disorder which affects the musculoskeletal system, which provides form, support, stability and movement to the body. D. A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,musculoskeletal disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001063 1_1_cjkwxabl,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain wind'?","A. The diurnal cycle of local winds between a mountain or a mountain range and the adjacent or surrounding plains during periods of weak synoptic flow. B. (Also spelled narbon?.) In France, a wind coming from Narbonne; a north wind in the Roussillon region of southern France resembling the tramontana. If associated with an influx of arctic air, it may be very stormy with heavy falls of rain or snow. It is especially violent in the region of Perpignan where it blows in a succession of squalls for several days. In Provence it is rarer and blows from the west. In lower Languedoc and the southern C?vennes, the narbonnais is an infrequent, mild, moist, moderate southwest wind in winter and early spring, sometimes bringing thunderstorms. C. A nocturnal, thermally forced wind from the direction of the mountains, generated by cooling along the mountain slopes; a downvalley wind, or the nighttime downslope (katabatic) component of a mountain?plains wind system. D. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mountain wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MountainWind 1_1_28t8feaz,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'middle nuchal plate'?","A. Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. B. Hemal spines are extensions of hemal arches in the ventral skeletogenous septum of the caudal region. C. Dorsal fin radial element that is composed of bone tissue. D. Nuchal plate that is unpaired and part of dorsal fin proximal radial 1 and usually in contact with the anterior nuchal plate and paired posterior nuchal plates.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,middle nuchal plate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001817 1_1_bcdpoun6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'honey'?","A. A sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees. B. A bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach disgorged through the mouth or nose that happens as a result of a vomit reflex. C. An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus. D. A bodily fluid consisting of the contents of the digestive tract expulsed through the anterior portion of the digestive tract.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,honey,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0036016 1_1_omgvlebn,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper limb phocomelia'?","A. Peromelia affecting only the upper limbs. That is, the distal parts of the arm are missing leading to stump formation. B. Phocomelia affecting only the lower limbs. C. Absence (due to failure to form) or underdevelopment of one or more forearm bones. D. Missing or malformed long bones of the upper limbs with the distal parts (the hands) connected to the variably shortened or even absent upper extremity, leading to a flipper-like appearance, as opposed to other forms of limb malformations were either the whole limb is missing (such as amelia), or the distal part of a limb is absent (peromelia).",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Upper limb phocomelia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009813 1_1_ne7kdkvv,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Limited_Company'?","A. Similar to the US corporation, offers several advantages over trading as sole trader. B. A limited company is a corporation whose liability is limited by law C. A corporation is a legal entity which, while being composed of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack. D. A company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal identity from its members, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business. Although some jurisdictions refer to unincorporated entities as companies, in most jurisdictions the term refers only to incorporated entities.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Limited_Company,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Limited_Company 1_1_2yoxa8ez,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cochlea auditory hair cell'?","A. An auditory hair cell found in the cochlea. B. A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. C. Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. D. An interneuron that is derived from the medial ganglionic eminence.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cochlea auditory hair cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023120 1_1_nrtdu0yb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of protein transport'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell periphery. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell leading edge. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to microtubule.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of protein transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051224 1_1_45iuc6s6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'licensed nicotine-containing product'?","A. A nicotine-containing product that is designed to be held in the mouth or chewed so that nicotine is absorbed through the buccal mucosa. B. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to absorb nicotine through the nasal mucosa. C. A product that includes or contains nicotine. D. A nicotine-containing product that is a licensed drug",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,licensed nicotine-containing product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000251 1_1_rykou3hh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryonic cloaca'?","A. A sclerophyllous forest which is in its climactic successional state. B. An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. C. Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. D. Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,embryonic cloaca,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000163 1_1_x7ubtphe,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Orbital cavity'?","A. Space of compartment of head which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of orbit. B. Bone complex which has as its direct parts ilium, ischium and pubis. C. General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic efferent somatic afferent nerve fibers are intermingled. D. Space of compartment of head which is bound by the internal surface of the skull.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Orbital cavity,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84961 1_1_ynoy99bq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexuality-related theatre'?","A. Theatre pertaining especially to bisexual persons and/or culture. B. Media pertaining especially to bisexual persons and/or culture. C. Literature pertaining especially to bisexual persons and/or culture. D. Theatre pertaining especially to asexual persons and/or culture.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexuality-related theatre,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004306 1_1_pv84yfym,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'dinoflagellate apex'?","A. The anterior most point of a dinoflagellate epicone. B. A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over. C. The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells. D. An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,dinoflagellate apex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097683 1_1_09wuiwyl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'formaldehyde'?","A. An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). B. A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. C. A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. D. An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,formaldehyde,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16842 1_1_g7l1rqah,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'amino acid protein sequence data'?","A. Data which contains information about amino acid sequences of proteins. B. A nucleic acid sequence that indicate the order of nucleotides within some DNA. C. Data about primary biological sequence information, such as DNA neucleotide sequences. D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,amino acid protein sequence data,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000067 1_1_6uck5mar,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'process profile'?","A. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) B. A process occurring within or in the vicinity of an organism that exerts some causal influence on the organism via the interaction between an exposure stimulus and an exposure receptor. The exposure stimulus may be a process, material entity or condition (for example, lack of nutrients). The exposure receptor can be an organism, organism population or a part of an organism. C. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. D. ICDO: International Classification of Diseases Ontology",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,process profile,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000144 1_1_xe37pwcw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'galerne'?","A. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. B. Severe squalls during the change of seasons in October and November in Arabia. C. A squally northwesterly wind, cold, humid, and showery, that occurs in the rear of a low pressure area over the English Channel and off the Atlantic coast of France and northern Spain. D. A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration of the order of minutes, and then a rather sudden decrease in speed.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,galerne,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Galerne 1_1_52seasa7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'dehydroepiandrosterone'?","A. Any steroid based on an androstane skeleton and its derivatives. B. Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6. C. An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. D. A cholestanoid consisting of cholestane having a double bond at the 5,6-position as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,dehydroepiandrosterone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28689 1_1_npfgtrxx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'composite cone'?","A. A type of volcanic cone formed by the interaction of basaltic magma and water. Smaller and steeper than a tuff ring. B. A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. C. A steep volcanic cone built by both lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions D. A volcanic cone built entirely of loose fragmented material (pyroclastics.)",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,composite cone,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/CompositeCone 1_1_3ciqvlvk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'dUTP catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,dUTP catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046081 1_1_m51yhy5i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure-sensitive tape'?","A. A strip of thin plastic material (typically latex) that adheres only to itself, without any adhesive; typically intended to be used in erotic bondage. B. An adhesive tape that will stick with application of pressure, without the need for a solvent (such as water) or heat for activation. C. Cloth- or scrim-backed pressure-sensitive tape, often coated with polyethylene. D. Any one of a variety of combinations of backing materials coated with an adhesive.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pressure-sensitive tape,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008589 1_1_xrka72p9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'submucosa of right hepatic duct'?","A. A submucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. B. A submucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. C. A submucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. D. A submucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,submucosa of right hepatic duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004941 1_1_fudciew0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'permeability coefficent'?","A. The observed permeability of a porous medium to one fluid phase under conditions of physical interaction between this phase and other fluid phases present. B. The permeability measured when the rock contains only one fluid. C. The rate of flow of water through a unit cross-sectional area under a unit hydraulic gradient at the prevailing temperature (field permeability coefficient) or adjusted to a temperature of 150C (60-F). D. A measure of the relative ease with which a porous medium can transmit a fluid under a potential gradient and is a property of the medium alone (after Lohman and others, 1972). The property of a porous medium itself that expresses the ease with which gases, liquids, or other substances can pass through it.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,permeability coefficent,http://sweetontology.net/propMassFlux/PermeabilityCoefficent 1_1_vjczoyno,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Organ region'?","A. Cardinal organ part which is a fiat subdivision of an organ. Examples: lingula of left lung, tail of pancreas, artery, trochanter, nodulus of semilunar valve, right side of heart, duodenum, fundus of stomach. B. Cardinal organ part which is bounded predominantly by bonafide boundaries. Examples: lobe of lung, osteon, acinus, submucosa, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus. C. Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball. D. anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Organ region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_67619 1_1_1wrki4y6,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual Item'?","A. This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. In general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form, or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity. Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): E29 Design or Procedure. Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following: 1. A schema for the activities it describes 2. A schema of the products that result from their application 3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation, and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support. The E36 Visual Item class provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks, or images, etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Human-Made Thing and the depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E36 Visual Item,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E36_Visual_Item 1_1_oly7k9qd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'appendage girdle complex'?","A. The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. B. Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. C. An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). D. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO].",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,appendage girdle complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010707 1_1_yal2atlf,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'post-embryonic hemopoiesis'?","A. A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continuously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. C. The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. D. The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,post-embryonic hemopoiesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035166 1_1_3uj6shrr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'involuntary manslaughter'?","A. Manslaughter which occurs when someone kills, without intent, in the course of committing an unlawful act. The malice involved in the crime is transferred to the killing, resulting in a charge of manslaughter. B. The homicide of a human being without intent of doing so, either expressed or implied. It is distinguished from voluntary manslaughter by the absence of intention. C. Manslaughter which occurs where death results from serious negligence, or, in some jurisdictions, serious recklessness. A high degree of negligence is required to warrant criminal liability. A related concept is that of willful blindness, which is where a defendant intentionally puts themself in a position where the defendant will be unaware of facts which would render them liable. D. A common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The definition of manslaughter differs among legal jurisdictions.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,involuntary manslaughter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005682 1_1_wpaspf8c,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'art, drama, or music teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts including fine and applied art, such as painting and sculpture, or design and crafts. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment. C. Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law. D. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent benign and malignant medical and surgical disorders of the genitourinary system and the renal glands.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"art, drama, or music teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25112100 1_1_ytw7sdjc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuroblast division'?","A. The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron. B. The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg. C. The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. D. The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,neuroblast division,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0055057 1_1_oz7ukqg4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostate duct'?","A. Hepatic serous coat; peritoneal covering of the liver, enclosing almost all except for a triangular area on its posterior surface (the 'bare area of the liver') and a smaller area where the liver and gallbladder are in direct contact. B. An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. C. The minute canals that pass the prostatic secretions to the urethra. D. An endothelium that is part of a left lung.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,prostate duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002485 1_1_fkky4xbs,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'planetary boundary layer'?","A. The elevation band on a mountain or orographic barrier that receives the greatest precipitation for a seasonal or annual average. B. A layer of air tens of meters thick at the bottom of the atmosphere where the variation of vertical turbulent flux with altitude is less than 10% of its magnitude. C. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. D. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,planetary boundary layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoBoundaryLayer/PlanetaryBoundaryLayer 1_1_sytm8t8z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'unconformity'?","A. Constituent is a clast that has no visible contacts with other clasts. Interpreted to be largely or completly immersed in matrix or cement. B. Regolith (Greek: ‘blanket rock’) is a layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock (bedrock). It includes dust, soil, broken rock, and other related materials [Wikipedia] C. Transpression basins are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] D. A substantial break or gap in the geologic record where a rock unit is overlain by another that is not next in stratigraphic sucession, such as an interruption in continuity of a depositional sequence of sedimentary rocks or a break between eroded igneous rocks and younger sedimentary strata. It results from a change that caused deposition to cease for a considerable time, and it normally implies uplift and erosion with loss of the previous formed record.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,unconformity,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/Unconformity 1_1_35qx8lf7,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 3 otic fibrocyte'?","A. A fibrocyte of the cochlea that has specialized structural and molecular adaptions. B. An otic fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. C. An otic fibrocyte that lines the otic capsule. D. An otic fibrocyte that is lateral to the basilar membrane and anchoris it to the lateral wall.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,type 3 otic fibrocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002669 1_1_s98lyic7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->6)]-D-Glcp'?","A. A trisaccharide consisting of three alpha-D-glucose units connected via (1->3) linkages. Also known as alpha-nigerotriose. B. A glucotriose consisting of three glucose units connected via alpha-(1->3) linkages. Also known as nigerotriose. C. A glucotriose that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 6 have each been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-glucopyranosyl derivative. D. A glucotriose that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 6 have each been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl derivatives.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->6)]-D-Glcp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147943 1_1_ioudpv5z,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nest'?","A. of butterflies, dragons B. of vipers C. of vultures whilst circling D. of zebra",B,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Nest,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Nest 1_1_x3sjxvxm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aggression towards others'?","A. Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires). B. Aggression that is directed towards non-caregivers. C. Conduct and/or behavior, both verbal and non-verbal, including but not limited to verbal and/or physical aggression, attacks, threats, harassment, intimidation, and other disruptive behaviors in any form or through any medium, that cause or have the potential to cause a reasonable person to fear physical harm from any individual(s) or group(s) towards any person(s) or property. This is commonly defined as a violent act characterized by the use of physical force, anger, or sudden intense activity. D. Aggression that is directed towards other individuals, as opposed to oneself.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aggression towards others,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5200125 1_1_okg31d9j,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Liver rupture'?","A. Hepatic infarction is defined as areas of coagulative necrosis from hepatocyte cell death caused by local ischemia. Liver infarctions appear as hypoechoic nonvascular regions on conventional and Doppler sonography. B. A structural anomaly of the liver located predominantly in the hepatocytes as opposed to stromal cells. C. Subcapsular hepatic rupture is characterized by the development of a hematoma, often quite large, beneath the liver capsule. An interval of days or hours may elapse between the time of injury and the first appearance of symptoms. A history of injury may be entirely lacking, or may be so unremarkable that it is elicited only by diligent interrogation. The hematoma tends to increase in size. D. Increased signal (contrast enhancement) surrounding the liver observed on computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging following administration of contrast agents.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Liver rupture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000998 1_1_s0iuisyj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene'?","A. An acyclic carotene that is lycopene having a cis-double bond at position 9. B. An acyclic psi,psi-carotene having cis double bonds at C-7, -7', -9 and -9'. C. An acyclic carotene that is lycopene having a cis-double bond at position 13. D. An acyclic carotene having the structure 7',8'-dihydro-psi,psi-carotene with cis-double bonds at C-7, C-9 and C-9'.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"7,9,9'-tri-cis-neurosporene",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62463 1_1_pp8w21u0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'health care facility'?","A. A facility that provides housing, health care and social care. B. A health care facility within a hospital that provides acute medical care for patients that have presented as medical emergencies to a hospital or who have developed an acute medical illness while in hospital. C. A facility that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population. D. A facility where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,health care facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMRSE_00000102 1_1_ij7sof4o,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'iron deficiency anemia DP'?","A. Electrical impulses that cause your heart to beat originate in the upper right chamber of the heart and travel to the lower chambers. In bundle branch block, the pathway that these impulses travel on is delayed or blocked. B. the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance or high blood pressure in the lungs. C. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. D. heart failure following heart surgery",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,iron deficiency anemia DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000279 1_1_8cbfzlup,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerosol'?","A. A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. B. An aerosol produced by heating an e-liquid designed for use in an e-cigarette. C. Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass D. Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,aerosol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00010505 1_1_5ve3zegb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic mammary gland'?","A. A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males. B. A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. C. A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition]. D. Any muscle organ that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,thoracic mammary gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005200 1_1_knxglqfv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'somite 22'?","A. Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 3 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995. B. Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk segment 13 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995. C. Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early tail segment 22 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995. D. Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk or tail segment 18 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,somite 22,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000978 1_1_zv070euk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of small intestine'?","A. The basal portion (further from lumen) of a intestinal crypt that is located in the small intestine. B. An epithelium that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. C. The lateral parts of an intestinal crypt that is located in the small intestine, continuous distally with the base and proximally with the intestinal villus epithelium. D. Epithelial layer that lines the intestine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,epithelium of small intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001902 1_1_zvwsoejz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'xmapbridge'?","A. This package allows to detect and correct for spatial and intensity biases with two-channel microarray data. The normalization method implemented in this package is based on robust neural networks fitting. B. The lumi package provides an integrated solution for the Illumina microarray data analysis. It includes functions of Illumina BeadStudio data input, quality control, BeadArray-specific variance stabilization, normalization and gene annotation at the probe level. C. xmapBridge can plot graphs in the X:Map genome browser. This package exports plotting files in a suitable format. D. RNAither analyzes cell-based RNAi screens, and includes quality assessment, customizable normalization and statistical tests, leading to lists of significant genes and biological processes",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,xmapbridge,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000699 1_1_5t117w6n,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node'?","A. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas. B. Subdivision of anterior triangle of neck, each instance of which is bounded by some superior belly of some omohyoid muscle, some hyoid, some sternocleidomastoid muscle and midline of naterior part of some neck; contaims some infrahyoid (strap) muscles, some thyroid gland, some larynx and segment of some trachea. C. Organ with cavitated organ parts, each instance of which has as its direct parts some maximal complement of compact (cortical) and cancellous bone, and some maximal complement of bone marrow cavities; together with instances of other bones, cartilages and joints, it constitutes some skeletal system. Examples: femur, sternum, maxilla, vertebra, talus. D. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277315 1_1_ts68glu1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dimethyl 2,2'-(9,9',10,10'-tetrahydroxy-7,7'-dimethoxy-1,1'-dioxo-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-[6,6'-binaphtho[2,3-c]pyran]-3,3'-diyl)diacetate'?","A. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 5b,7,8,16-tetrahydro-6H,10H-pyrrolo[2,1-c]quinazolino[3,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepine substituted by a methoxy group at position 2 and oxo groups at positions 10 and 16 (the 5bS stereoisomer). An alkaloid isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus ochraceus, it exhibits potent inhibitory activity towards mitochondrial NADH oxidase. B. A cinnamate ester obtained by the condensation of trans-caffeic acid with methyl hydroxyacetate. It is isolated from the leaves of Parthenocissus tricuspidata and exhibits antioxidant activity. C. A binaphthopyran resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation at position 6 of two molecules of methyl (9,10-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-3-yl)acetate. D. An eleven-membered macrocyclic lactam that consists of (2S,3E,5Z,14S,15R)-5-ethylidene-11,14-dihydroxy-3,7,15-trimethyl-2,5-dihydro-2,13-ethano-1,9-benzoxazacycloundecine-6,8-dione in which the 14-hydroxy group is substituted by a (2R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl moiety. It is a radical scavenger isolated from Streptomyces.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"dimethyl 2,2'-(9,9',10,10'-tetrahydroxy-7,7'-dimethoxy-1,1'-dioxo-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-[6,6'-binaphtho[2,3-c]pyran]-3,3'-diyl)diacetate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_146015 1_1_ygz3sg4y,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Galp'?","A. A trisaccharide that is alpha-L-arabinopyranose which has been glycosylated at positions 2 and 3 by alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyrnaosyl groups, respectively. B. A trisaccharide consisting of alpha-L-arabinopyranose, beta-D-glucopyranose, and alpha-L-arabinopyranose residues joined in sequence by (1->2) glycosidic bonds. C. A trisaccharide that is beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 have each been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-glucopyranosyl derivative. D. A trisaccharide comprised of three D-glucose residues connected by alpha(1->4) linkages.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Glcp-(1->2)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1->3)]-beta-D-Galp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147944 1_1_1i2rmhn6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bile acid biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance. D. OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic hydroxy compound.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bile acid biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006699 1_1_da1e6bpf,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Termination'?","A. The termination of a change. B. A change is a difference between the situation before and after the change occurs (the event of the change). A change can be instantaneous C. The initation of a change D. The continuation of a change, once initiated",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Termination,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/process.owl#Termination 1_1_s61xzsd1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypaxial region somite 21'?","A. The hypaxial region of somite 13 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995. B. The hypaxial region of somite 21 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995. C. The hypaxial region of somite 29 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995. D. The hypaxial region of somite 18 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hypaxial region somite 21,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000968 1_1_9i6dquvd,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical phenotype'?","A. A representation of an image that supports an inference to an assertion about some quality of a patient. B. A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. C. A clinically abnormal phenotype that is characteristic of a single disease. D. A clinically abnormal phenotype.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,clinical phenotype,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000027 1_1_5jkzlsim,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'written expression'?","A. The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. B. The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. C. The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. D. The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,written expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000111 1_1_l4cc5a79,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transitional crust'?","A. The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. [Wikipedia] B. D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] C. Transitional crust is crust that is thinned by the upwelling of mantle. [Wikipedia] D. The continental crust is typically from 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick, and it is mostly composed of less dense rocks, such as granite, than is the oceanic crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of the igneous rock, andesite.[Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transitional crust,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/TransitionalCrust 1_1_dms5o2cw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'straight gaze'?","A. The gaze of a viewer of a particular sexuality and/or sexual orientation or upon a subject of a given sexuality and/or sexual orientation. B. The gaze of the heterosexual viewer, specifically in regard to viewing non-heterosexual persons and blindness toward non-heterosexual issues. C. A sex toy that is used to elongate the scrotum and provide a feeling of weight pulling the testicles away from the body. D. A deficiency of a blood coagulation factor characterized by the tendency to hemorrhage. Hemophilia is typically a hereditary deficiency but, rarely, may be acquired.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,straight gaze,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003879 1_1_0m277l06,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxidation'?","A. Electrolysis is a method of using an electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. B. Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. [Wikipedia] C. Reaction of a substance with oxygen or incorporation of oxygen into a molecule. D. In general, leaching is the extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent).",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,oxidation,http://sweetontology.net/procChemical/Oxidation 1_1_j6ttz7tl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fraud examiner, investigator or analyst'?","A. Edit moving images on film, video, or other media. May work with a producer or director to organize images for final production. May edit or synchronize soundtracks with images. B. Conduct security assessments for organizations, and design security systems and processes. May specialize in areas such as physical security or the safety of employees and facilities. C. Obtain evidence, take statements, produce reports, and testify to findings regarding resolution of fraud allegations. May coordinate fraud detection and prevention activities. D. Design, integrate, or improve manufacturing systems or related processes. May work with commercial or industrial designers to refine product designs to increase producibility and decrease costs.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"fraud examiner, investigator or analyst",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13209904 1_1_wwcrj40t,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'amphibole asbestos'?","A. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. B. A class of asbestos minerals that includes silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, and sodium. C. A pharmacologically active metabolite of azathioprine D. An N-glycosylzeatin that is zeatin in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 9 of the adenine moiety is replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,amphibole asbestos,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46677 1_1_blsneo73,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'smog'?","A. A natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog. B. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. C. Fog, light and of short duration, produced by the mixing of two moist but nonsaturated air masses with different temperatures. D. A name applied to a wet sea fog or very fine drizzle that drifts in from the sea in coastal districts of eastern Scotland and northeastern England. It occurs most frequently in summer.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,smog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/Smog 1_1_oujexx0k,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal serum anion gap'?","A. An abnormally high blood pH (usually defined as 7.41 or above). B. Depletion of acid or accumulation base in the body fluids. C. An abnormally low blood pH (usually defined as less than 7.35). D. Any deviation from the normal value of the serum anion gap, which is calculated from the electrolytes measured in the chemical laboratory, is defined as the sum of serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations subtracted from the serum sodium concentration.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal serum anion gap,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031961 1_1_1t53602m,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid amide that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lydicus. B. A hydroxy fatty amide ascaroside obtained by obtained by formal condensation of the 26-hydroxy group of (26R)-26-hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-oxoheptacosanamide with ascarylopyranose (the alpha anomer). It is a metabolite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4. D. A pyridine alkaloid with formula C27H24N2O5 that is isolated from Aspergillus niger and displays neuroprotective protperties.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2030 1_1_0qwzfn7y,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Academic Free License version 3'?","A. The FlowRepository Open Access Terms of Use license allows any individual to access the licensed product (originally the Flow Cytometry Data Repository) for any purpose. There are no restrictions on the use or redistribution of the data associated with this license, though it makes the statement that some data covered may also be included under more restrictive licensing. B. The DbCL v1.0 allows a user of the database contents to share, create and adapt the contents. You must attribute any public use of the contents, or works produced from them. For redistribution or derivative works, you must make the use of this license clear to others, and you must keep intact any notices on the original. If you publicly use any adapted version, or works produced from an adapted version, you must also offer it under the DbCL. If you redistribute the contents, or an adapted version of them, then you may use technological measures that restrict the work (such as DRM) as long as you also redistribute a version without such measures. Users of the DbCL must comply with the ODbL v1.0. C. The Academic Free License is a free software license under the definition of ""free"" by the GNU Project, is not copyleft, and is incompatible with the GNU GPL. D. CC BY-SA 2.1 JP is a copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project recommend this license for art, entertainment and educational works, but also recommend that it is not used for software or documentation, since it is tricky as to how exactly this license is compatible with the GNU GPL.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Academic Free License version 3,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000006 1_1_gj0j5n7p,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transtensional stress regime'?","A. Transpression regimes are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] B. Transtension regimes are oblique tensional environments where stretching takes place. [Wikipedia] C. Stress regimes are shear zones. A shear zone or shear is a wide zone of distributed shearing in rock. Typically this is a type of fault but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form zones of much more intense foliation, deformation, and folding. [Wikipedia] D. Magma that extrudes onto the surface of earth is called lava. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transtensional stress regime,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/TranstensionalStressRegime 1_1_291lmnrp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyatomic entity'?","A. An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. B. A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. C. Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. D. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,polyatomic entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36357 1_1_6cioe866,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Greenstick fracture'?","A. A type of fracture in which the broken bone is not completely separated. B. A type of fracture in which there is a diagonal break across the bone. C. A type of fracture in which the break is in three or more pieces and fragments are present at the fracture site. D. A type of fracture that is localied near to a a tendon or ligament and a small fragment of bone is separated from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Greenstick fracture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_4000043 1_1_0dq6aikw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'serous membrane'?","A. multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. B. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. C. Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. D. The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion).",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,serous membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000042 1_1_svt2wied,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Narrow nasal septum'?","A. Absence or underdevelopment of the nasal septum. B. An abnormality of the nasal septum. C. A full-thickness defect of the nasal septum. D. Abnormally narrow nasal septum.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Narrow nasal septum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009936 1_1_s1kxbn9d,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Triangle of Koch'?","A. Organ component cluster of heart, each instance of which is a triangular area on the septal wall of some right atrium, bounded by the base of the septal leaflet of some tricuspid valve, the anteromedial margin of the orifice of some coronary sinus, and some tendon of Todaro; it marks the site of some atrioventricular node. B. Nodal myocyte which consists of the pacemaker cell and the transitional myocyte of sinuatrial node. C. Nerve trunk which is continuous with right and left optic nerves and right and left optic tracts. D. Tributary of superior mesenteric vein, each instance of which drains blood from some duodenum and pancreas.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Triangle of Koch,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329292 1_1_aqylwtee,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'analia development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. An example of this process is analia development in Drosophila melanogaster. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a parietal peritoneum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stomium is a fissure or pore in the anther lobe through which the pollen is released. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,analia development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007487 1_1_pixbt95c,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wailaki'?","A. The Wailaki (Wintun term meaning ""north language."") lived in northwestern California, along the Eel River south of Kekawaka Creek and the North Fork Eel River in three main subdivisions: Tsennahkenne or Tsen-nah-ken-ne (Eel River Wailaki or Mainstem Eel River band); Bahneko or Bah-ne-ko keah (North Fork [Eel River] Wailaki or North Fork Eel River band); and Che-teg-gah-ahng (Pitch Wailaki or Pitch band) (located farther up the North Fork of the Eel River). These regional groupings were divided into several bands and contained almost 100 villages. B. Groups of Native Americans that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the Eel River and Van Duzen River of northwestern California. These groups speak dialects of the Wailaki language belonging to the Pacific Coast Athabaskan group of the Athapaskan language family which is prominently represented in Alaska, western Canada, and the southwestern United States. C. Studies or areas of the chemistry which utilize specialized knowledge from multiple domains. D. The Lassik (Las'-sik, the name of their last chief) had about 20 villages and occupied a portion of main Eel River south to Kekawaka Creek, and its east tributaries, Van Duzen River, Larrabee, and Dobbyn creeks, as well the headwaters of the North Fork Eel River and Mad River.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Wailaki,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006020 1_1_asoxfmce,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic vertebral arch'?","A. Neural arch that is the second after the neurocranium. B. A vertebral centrum that is located immediately posterior to ural centrum 1. Ural centrum 2 is an unpaired median bone. C. Neural arches that do not overlap, thus exposing the spinal cord dorsally. D. A neural arch that is part of a thoracic vertebra.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,thoracic vertebral arch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008436 1_1_alrewr44,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'customer service representative'?","A. Authorize credit charges against customers' accounts. Investigate history and credit standing of individuals or business establishments applying for credit. May interview applicants to obtain personal and financial data, determine credit worthiness, process applications, and notify customers of acceptance or rejection of credit. B. Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support. C. Sell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles, appliances, or apparel to consumers. D. Assemble or modify electrical or electronic equipment, such as computers, test equipment telemetering systems, electric motors, and batteries.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,customer service representative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43405100 1_1_79y81k5m,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Psychological'?","A. Usually 2 to 4 players beat each other in matches that end after some time or at one's health depletion B. Game offers explicit and violent visual elements C. Game where the enemies are more than the resources to fight them D. Game offers elements of psychological violence",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Psychological,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Psychological 1_1_cbcutvok,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 33'?","A. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KMT5B gene on chromosome 11q13. B. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the CERT1 gene on chromosome 5q13.3. C. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the CACNG2 gene on chromosome 22q12.3. D. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the DPP6 gene on chromosome 7q36.2.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 33,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070063 1_1_1lul9kou,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of bleb assembly'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ruffle assembly. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bleb assembly. D. A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of bleb assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904170 1_1_m996moat,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 62'?","A. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SRSF1 gene on chromosome 17q22. B. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in caused by heterozygous mutation in the DLG4 gene on chromosome 17p13. C. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder characterized by mild global developmental delay, moderately impaired intellectual disability with speech difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities that has_material_basis_in a specific heterozygous missense mutation (R1740Q) in the SETD2 gene on chromosome 3p21. D. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SYNGAP1 gene on chromosome 6p21.32.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 62,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0061035 1_1_wz36inkz,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'biphenyls'?","A. Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond. B. Any member of the class of biphenyls that is a mono or poly-substituted biphenyl having fluro group as one of the substituents. C. Two or more cyclic systems (single rings or fused systems) which are directly joined to each other by double or single bonds are named ring assemblies when the number of such direct ring junctions is one less than the number of cyclic systems involved. D. An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,biphenyls,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22888 1_1_rjdm0wch,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor'?","A. An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the function of histone deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.98). B. An immature, nucleated erythrocyte occupying the stage of erythropoeisis that follows formation of erythroid progenitor cells. This cell is CD71-positive, has both a nucleus and a nucleolus, and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers. C. An EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.*). D. An EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of amidase (EC 3.5.1.4).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61115 1_1_hgecs822,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'short wave'?","A. A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. B. With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave. C. A transverse wave is a wave that causes vibration in the medium in a perpendicular direction to its own motion. For example: if a wave moves along the x-axis, its disturbances are in the yz-plane. In other words, it causes medium disturbances across the two-dimensional plane that it is travelling in. Contrary to popular belief, transversal waves do not necessarily move up and down. D. Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel. They include waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave. Mechanical longitudinal waves have been also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,short wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/ShortWave 1_1_q7v0bjkj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'englacial process'?","A. A process which occurs within an atmosphere. B. Acidification of an aquatic environment is a process whereby the pH of an aquatic environment, biome, or water body is lowered. C. A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. D. An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,englacial process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001622 1_1_kxzm8mav,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sarcomere organization'?","A. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments. B. Obsolete. Use PO:0000355 from Plant Ontology instead. A fiber like tracheid in the secondary xylem; commonly thick walled, with pointed ends and bordered pits that have lenticular to slit like apertures. C. Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle. D. The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sarcomere organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045214 1_1_t40t1869,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic kidney DP, stage 5'?","A. A disease that causes moderate kidney damage. A person is more likely to develop complications of kidney disease such as high blood pressure, anemia, and/or early bone disease. B. kidneys are moderately or severely damaged and are not working as they should. Stage 4 kidney disease should be taken very seriously – it is the last stage before kidney failure. C. Chronic, irreversible renal failure. D. Chronic, irreversible renal failure.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"chronic kidney DP, stage 5",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000271 1_1_2vb49ouw,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental scientist or specialist, including health'?","A. Implement and administer enterprise-wide document management systems and related procedures that allow organizations to capture, store, retrieve, share, and destroy electronic records and documents. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization to ensure compliance with ethical or regulatory standards. C. Conduct research or perform investigation for the purpose of identifying, abating, or eliminating sources of pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment or public health. Using knowledge of various scientific disciplines, may collect, synthesize, study, report, and recommend action based on data derived from measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water, and other sources. D. Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the secondary school level.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"environmental scientist or specialist, including health",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19204100 1_1_6bgwxqs0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'petroleum'?","A. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid statel (‘oily’) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally). This generag definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, including vegetable oils, resochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. Oil is a nonpolar substance. [Wikipedia] B. Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds. [Wikipedia] C. Meteoric substances are rocks that have composition significantly different from earth rocks. Meteorites have traditionally been divided into three broad categories: stony meteorites are rocks, mainly composed of silicate minerals; iron meteorites are largely composed of metallic iron-nickel; and, stony-iron meteorites contain large amounts of both metallic and rocky material. [Wikipedia] D. Act to generate an estimate of the value of a property of a thing in the world at a known time. Implements a procedure at a known time, which might be different to the time the value applies to the thing in the world. The procedure uses an instrument, sensor or observer. An act of observation generates a piece of information bco:ObservingProcess (from OBO) is a sub-class. sohur:Observation (SWEET) is a sub-class. See https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/#SOSAObservation",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,petroleum,http://sweetontology.net/matrNaturalResource/Petroleum 1_1_usidcp6u,"In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deployment'?","A. An event in the real world that 'triggers' the Sensor. The properties associated to the Stimulus may be different to the eventual observed ObservableProperty. It is the event, not the object, that triggers the Sensor. B. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform. C. Any information that is reported from a Procedure. D. Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use.",B,1_1,earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology,Deployment,http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Deployment 1_1_610wgv74,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as urgent response'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event does not require an urgent response. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the urgency of responding to an event. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event requires an urgent (immediate) response. D. A mental process that gives rise to an appraisal.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as urgent response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000089 1_1_uqg6xquq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'radiculopathy'?","A. A peripheral system disease that is characterized by damage affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, pins-and-needles, and burning pain. B. A peripheral nervous system disease that is characterized by the pinching of a nerve root in the spine and has symptoms of pain, weakness, numbness and tingling. C. A peripheral nervous system disease that is located_in the autonomic nervous system. D. A nervous system disease that is located_in nerves or nerve cells.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,radiculopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4306 1_1_1rspyq32,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seedling mesocotyl'?","A. A mesocotyl that develops from an embryo mesocotyl and is part of a seedling . B. A stem internode that is the part of a plant embryo axis or a seedling stem above the scutellum and below the coleoptile . C. A mesocotyl that is part of a plant embryo . D. The flag leaf sheath starts opening.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seedling mesocotyl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025295 1_1_nymd8v7o,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'kefir food product'?","A. A deep fissure in snow or ice. B. A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms ""grains"" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. C. A cultured dairy product is a fermented dairy product in which a microbial starter was introduced to the fermentation process. D. An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,kefir food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001086 1_1_m6vcwm1b,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'saddle dam'?","A. A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. B. A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock. C. An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. D. A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,saddle dam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000554 1_1_fdszvbw5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(4-{4-[2-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]phenoxymethyl}furan-2-yl)methanamine(1+)'?","A. An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group and protonation of the amino groups of (4-{4-[2-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]phenoxymethyl}furan-2-yl)methanamine: major species at pH 7.3. B. An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group and protonation of the amino and guanidino groups of (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-enduracididine. C. An alpha-amino-acid cation obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group and protonation of the amino groups of (3S)-3-hydroxy-L-ornithine: major species at pH 7.3. D. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(4-{4-[2-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]phenoxymethyl}furan-2-yl)methanamine(1+),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88055 1_1_u1kcubqw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell expansion stage of secondary xylem'?","A. A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem and the onset of a secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem , during which the cells undergo cell growth . B. A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem that occurs during the interval between the first cell death of a tracheary element or non-septate xylem fiber cell and the death of the last secondary xylem parenchyma cell or septate fiber cell in a portion of secondary xylem . C. A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem that occurs during the interval between the onset of secondary wall biogenesis of the cells in a portion of secondary xylem and the beginning of a cell death stage of secondary xylem . D. A secondary xylem development stage that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem and the death of the last living cell in the secondary xylem.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cell expansion stage of secondary xylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025464 1_1_lvf7r6mz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root nodule'?","A. Hook-like structure which develops at the apical part of the hypocotyl in dark-grown seedlings in dicots. B. A cardinal organ part that is a projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina . C. A cardinal organ part that is an outgrowth of a root and is inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. D. A cardinal organ part that is the part of a plant ovule on the opposite side from a raphe .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root nodule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003023 1_1_fxorlde6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bladder clear cell adenocarcinoma'?","A. A non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis that is characterized by the proliferation in the tissues of lipid-laden macrophages and the presence of multinucleated giant cells. It results in sclerosis of the long bones and failure of the affected organs. B. A clear cell adenocarcinoma that is located_in the bladder. C. A Seckel syndrome that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the NSMCE2 gene on chromosome 8q24. D. A bladder carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bladder clear cell adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5306 1_1_32ut5kfl,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'judging'?","A. A mental process during which information is evaluated, the outcome of which is a belief or opinion. B. A mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving a part of the environment of the organism, and b) is experienced by the organism as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the organism. C. A mental process that has positive or negative valence. D. (for the case of remembering X, where X is an event in the organism’s history) a mental process that is a) about X, and b) made possible by the physical traces left by a causal process involving the organism during the event X",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,judging,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000006 1_1_d8ohnyvo,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'musical capability'?","A. A bodily disposition whose realization ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organisms, where ""ordinarily"" means within a typical range or context. B. A musical capability that is realised in the production of music using a violin. C. A capability that is realised in an activity of producing or interpreting music. D. A personal capability that includes mental processes in its realisation.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,musical capability,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000044 1_1_yhpg53gj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'biomaterial culturing unit'?","A. A biomaterial containment unit which is capable of 1) containing a mass of environmental material which hosts an active collection of organisms and 2) maintaining conditions which are conducive to one or more metabolic activities of the organisms it contains. B. A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth of selected cell populations (often at the expense of others) within a community by altering the conditions of the environment within its confines. C. A biomaterial containment unit which is designed to allow the growth and propagation of the biomaterial it contains. D. A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth and propagation of cells in an artificial medium.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,biomaterial culturing unit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001817 1_1_uxi7k1o1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactoside(2-)'?","A. An N-acetylneuraminate obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of any alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactoside; major species at pH 7.3. B. An N-acetylneuraminate that is the conjugate base of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. The carboxylate anion of N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosylceramide. D. An N-acetylneuraminate that is the conjugate base of aceneuramic acid arising from the deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->8)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactoside(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140309 1_1_ptam0bok,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae'?","A. Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae). This type of pneumonia is also called atypical pneumonia because the symptoms are different from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria. B. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. C. Group B (i.e.,Streptococcus agalactiae) streptococci are a major cause of neonatal sepsis and pneumonia. In adults, pneumonia accounts for approximately 15% of adult infections by group B streptococci. Most adults with group B streptococcal pneumonia are debilitated and develop pneumonia as a consequence of aspiration. D. Pneumonia (infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pneumonia due to Klebsiella pneumoniae,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000161 1_1_n3ahs4cz,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Den'?","A. of insects, gnats, grasshoppers B. The current axiom with just Elephant or Impala will have to be updated at some point. What about declaring it the other way around instead, like that elephants are member-of a herd etc.? C. of snakes D. of vipers",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Den,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Den 1_1_fxm6pj0u,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sickle-cell disease without crisis'?","A. A blood disorder characterized by the appearance of sickle-shaped red blood cells and anemia. B. occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. C. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. D. A condition caused by not getting enough calories or the right amount of key nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, that are needed for health.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,sickle-cell disease without crisis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000551 1_1_rsqa0wd2,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary spastic paraplegia 8'?","A. A hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity resulting in gait instability that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the HPDL gene on chromosome 1p34.1. B. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that is characterized by hydrocephalus, spasticity of the lower limbs, adducted thumbs, aphasia, seizures, agenesis of the corpus callosum and intellectual disability in the mild to moderate range. C. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the KIAA0196 gene on chromosome 8q24. D. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the AP4M1 gene on chromosome 7q22.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary spastic paraplegia 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110823 1_1_d202vpk3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'medical transcriptionist'?","A. Generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose calculations, communicate and supervise the treatment plan implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team. B. Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction. C. Provide advanced nursing care for patients with acute conditions such as heart attacks, respiratory distress syndrome, or shock. May care for pre- and post-operative patients or perform advanced, invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. D. Instruct individual students or small groups of students in academic subjects to support formal class instruction or to prepare students for standardized or admissions tests.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,medical transcriptionist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_31909400 1_1_k4pxc12g,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking loudly'?","A. Speaking with a voice that is confident and assertive. B. Speaking with an altered rhythm or melody of speech relative to the norm for that person. C. Speaking with a voice softer than usual. D. Speaking with a voice louder than usual.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking loudly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000153 1_1_5adg8vm1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endnote'?","A. ProteomicsTools software suite contains a bunch of tools used in proteomics research, including identification, result parsing, quantification, and modification. B. This software has a series of analytical tools to address the manufacturing, detection and data analysis components of a microarray experiment. Together, these tools help optimize performance in an expression profiling study. C. Citation management software D. These scripts are for primer design and initial microarray data processing and are available as .zip files:",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Endnote,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000093 1_1_zpt6f1pj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lighting technician'?","A. Prepare bodies for interment in conformity with legal requirements. B. Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions. C. Set up, maintain, and dismantle light fixtures, lighting control devices, and the associated lighting electrical and rigging equipment used for photography, television, film, video, and live productions. May focus or operate light fixtures, or attach color filters or other lighting accessories. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate the services or resources of funeral homes. Includes activities such as determining prices for services or merchandise and managing the facilities of funeral homes.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,lighting technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27401500 1_1_31cg74t4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia Cantu type'?","A. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by mesomelia and acromelia, which results_in short limb dwarfism. B. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, neonatal macrosomia, and cardiomegaly. C. An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by cementoosseous lesions of the jawbones, bone fragility, bowing/cortical thickening of tubular bones, and diaphyseal sclerosis of long bones that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ANO5 gene on chromosome 11p14.3. D. An osteochondrodysplasia that results_in abnormalities of bone growth located_in vertebral column, located_in epiphysis, located_in metaphysis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia Cantu type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060569 1_1_wv6o2s8s,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Array_vision_(Interfocus)'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 24.9.2019: Duplicate of http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/organization/SWO_9000056",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Array_vision_(Interfocus),http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000045 1_1_ebclyru7,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'larval feeding behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. B. Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism. C. Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism. D. A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,larval feeding behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030536 1_1_a5uj5fjq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'scholarly article'?","A. Work consisting exclusively or mainly of pictures but not technical drawings. B. An article is a publication that is stand-alone section of a larger work. C. An article which is an academic work and is published, or will be published, in an academic or scholarly journal. D. Work consisting of a statement of the opinions, beliefs, and policy of the editor or publisher of a journal, usually on current matters of medical or scientific significance to the medical community or society at large. The editorials published by editors of journals representing the official organ of a society or organization are generally substantive.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,scholarly article,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000047 1_1_s6c8vf01,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell'?","A. A mature alpha-beta T cell of the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. B. An alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell with the phenotype CD8-alpha-alpha-positive located in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells have a memory phenotype of CD2-negative and CD5-negative. C. A alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Intraepithelial T cells often have distinct developmental pathways and activation requirements. D. A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is found in the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000915 1_1_qy2uc794,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'vagina'?","A. The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. B. A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. C. The jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc which is a remnant of the notochord. D. A fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female placental mammals and marsupials, or to the cloaca in female birds, monotremes, and some reptiles[WP].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,vagina,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000996 1_1_jove60ad,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'plating machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic'?","A. Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage. B. Set up, operate, or tend plating machines to coat metal or plastic products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal to protect or decorate surfaces. Typically, the product being coated is immersed in molten metal or an electrolytic solution. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber. D. Position and secure steel bars or mesh in concrete forms in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety of fasteners, rod-bending machines, blowtorches, and hand tools. Includes rod busters.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"plating machine setter, operator, or tender, metal or plastic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51419300 1_1_if5mhvoz,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatic artery'?","A. A branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies oxygenated blood to the testis. B. One of a pair of arteries that is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to a male gonad. C. A testicular artery that supplies a right testicle. D. A testicular artery that supplies a left testicle.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,spermatic artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009659 1_1_yjfnkjb6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit pedicel length - exact value - measurement'?","A. Top view image of loose leaves B. Cut a hand from the rachis and weigh the hand, using scales. Associate the data with the Hand rank. C. Visual observation D. Measure from the scar on the rachis until the beginning of the fruit. Record on the inner fruit in the middle of the mid-hand of the bunch. Tip: use string to measure or trace outline of fruit on paper. Record the exact value.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit pedicel length - exact value - measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010130 1_1_wbgee56l,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'manufactured cigarette machine-smoked carbon monoxide yield'?","A. A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of tobacco particles in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. B. A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of carbon monoxide in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. C. A disposition inhering in a manufactured cigarette D. A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of nicotine in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,manufactured cigarette machine-smoked carbon monoxide yield,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001201 1_1_hhkx1jbi,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Suprapalpebral sulcus'?","A. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage. B. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers arising from some red nucleus and terminating at several different parts of some brainstem including the nucleus of the facial nerve, the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and the inferior olivary nucleus. C. Subdivision of surface of eye, each instance of which is a furrow above some upper eyelid. D. Organ system subdivision, each instance of which has as its direct parts some skeleton, some maximal complement of skeletal membrane organs, skeletal ligaments, bursae, skeletal cartilage organs and portions of synovial fluid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Suprapalpebral sulcus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75016 1_1_3xusbt3i,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GlobalAncova'?","A. The package takes a list of genes and predicts to which KEGG pathway each gene maps to. This is done by looking at the InterPro domains of each gene. Each prediction is assigned a confidence score. The package also allows to predict connected component membership of genes within signaling pathways. Separate models for each organism supported by KEGG can be trained. B. build graphs from pathway databases, render them by Rgraphviz C. GlobalAncova approach: After appropriate normalisation, gene-expression-data appear rather symmetrical and outliers are no real problem, so least squares should be rather robust. ANCOVA with interaction yields saturated data modelling e.g. different means per group and gene. Covariate adjustment can help to correct for possible selection bias. Variance homogeneity and uncorrelated residuals cannot be expected. Application of ordinary least squares gives unbiased, but no longer optimal estimates (Gauss-Markov-Aitken). Therefore, using the classical F-test is inappropriate, due to correlation. The test statistic however mirrors deviations from the null hypothesis. In combination with a permutation approach, empirical significance levels can be approximated. Alternatively, an approximation yields asymptotic p-values. D. Quality control of Affymetrix GeneChip expression data and reproducibility analysis of human whole genome chips with the MAQC reference datasets.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GlobalAncova,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000206 1_1_tcsb78jt,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Event'?","A. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. B. An event is something that ""happens"" during the course of a business process. These events affect the flow of the process and usually have a cause (trigger) or an impact (result). Events are circles with open centers to allow internal markers to differentiate different triggers or results. There are three types of Events, based on when they affect the flow: Start, Intermediate, and End. C. Transaction, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Sub-Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. present the attributes common to all Event Details and the specific attributes for the Event Details that have additional attributes. Note that the Cancel and Terminate Event Details do not have additional attributes",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Event,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#event 1_1_4sdf62lk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-20-{2-[10-(2-nonadecylcyclopropyl)decyl]cyclopropyl}icosyl]hexacosanoic acid'?","A. A C81 alpha-mycolic acid having a C55 meromycolic chain with two cis cyclopropyl functions and a saturated C26 alpha-branch. It is produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. B. A hydroxy fatty acid comprising lauric acid carrying a single hydroxy substituent at position 7. C. A hydroxy- and oxo- fatty acid comprising hexanoic acid substituted at C-2 and C-4 with oxo and hydroxy groups respectively. D. Hydroxy fatty acids that are di- or trihydroxy metabolites of the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, particularly icosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-20-{2-[10-(2-nonadecylcyclopropyl)decyl]cyclopropyl}icosyl]hexacosanoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90084 1_1_4lm4s2dp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'supramolecular complex'?","A. An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed. B. A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber. C. Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. D. A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,supramolecular complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099080 1_1_ufsvh1n0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Herbivore (insect) damage percentage'?","A. Percent of the plant affected by insect herbivory damage B. Presence or absence of petiole sheath C. Observe achene size and rate it. D. Stigma colour",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Herbivore (insect) damage percentage,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000316 1_1_7zazmk5p,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 17 type immune response. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000316 1_1_m81wgpl1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'No. of fertile pods per plant - Method'?","A. Ratio between seed number per plant and pod number per plant. B. Mean number of apical secondary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity C. Average number of pods with seed from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants D. Mean number of apical primary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,No. of fertile pods per plant - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000149 1_1_tb4aakca,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''domainsignatures''?","A. Using R enviroments for annotation. B. Package to create In Silico Interactomes C. Find significantly enriched gene classifications in a list of functionally undescribed genes based on their InterPro domain structure. D. Decomposition of Isotopic Patterns",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'domainsignatures',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000521 1_1_i47pkyrt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '12-methyl-5-dehydroacetylhorminone'?","A. An abietane diterpenoid that is miltiradiene in which the carbon at position 11 has been oxidised to the corresponding oxo group. B. A steroid saponin isolated from Ornithogalum thyrsoides and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity. C. An indole alkaloid obtained by formal acetylation of the 17-hydroxy group of norajmaline. D. An abietane diterpenoid that is the acetate ester of 12-methyl-5-dehydrohorminone. Isolated from the roots of Salvia multicaulis, it exhibits antitubercular activity.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,12-methyl-5-dehydroacetylhorminone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66365 1_1_fqlgef88,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lamellocyte'?","A. A hemocyte that derives from the larval lymph gland. B. A hemocyte found in immuno-stimulated larvae. C. A phagocytic hemocyte, responsible for the engulfment of small particles, microbes, and apoptotic tissue debris. It may also secretes antimicrobial peptides and contribute to the production and secretion of proteins of the hemolymph. D. A hemocyte derived from the embryonic head mesoderm, which enters the hemolymph as a circulating cell.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lamellocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000396 1_1_4m1eiiqy,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf width (rank 4 above largest leaf)'?","A. The percentage of plants parasitized by orobanche B. Fully expanded leaf 9 (or older fully expanded leaf if plant has less than 9 leaves) was scanned at 600 dpi. C. Primary achene length also used when only one achene length is recorded D. Width of the leaf located 4 rank above the largest green leaf",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf width (rank 4 above largest leaf),https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000694 1_1_g2ph9332,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transfeminism'?","A. A movement within feminism which incorporates transgender women, as well as other LGBTQIA+ women and assigned-female-at-birth (AFAB) persons. B. A genre of contemporary feminism which foregrounds the relationship between cyberspace, the Internet and technology. It can be used to refer to a philosophy, methodology or community. C. BIsexual queer feminist theory. D. A framework which approaches aspects of culture from the viewpoint of socially constructured queerness, i.e. unconventional, nonnormative, or dejected aspects of gender and sexuality in a given societal context.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transfeminism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003891 1_1_8p25cgwn,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'artificial lake'?","A. A lake purposefully constructed. B. A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. C. A lake which is primarily composed of anoxic water. D. The deepest layer of water in such a lake typically does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,artificial lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000377 1_1_qj3d8cxj,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'repose'?","A. A distinction of whether the continental is on a stable paltform, i.e., over millions of years. [Wikipedia] B. As originally formulated, a statement of the conservation of energy (per unit mass) for an inviscid fluid in steady motion. C. Advection of vorticity by the total wind or force. D. The interval of time between volcanic eruptions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,repose,http://sweetontology.net/propTime/Repose 1_1_cw5qa75x,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sales representative of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, or travel'?","A. Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. B. Solicit donations or orders for goods or services over the telephone. C. Sell services to individuals or businesses. May describe options or resolve client problems. D. Compose letters or electronic correspondence in reply to requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may include gathering data to formulate reply and preparing correspondence.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"sales representative of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, or travel",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41309100 1_1_8wd67cum,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root dry weight/total plant dry weight - Method'?","A. Proportion of dead plants in a plot due to collar rot B. Calculated using both root and shoot dry weights. C. Salinity tolerance index calculated by dividing the biomass or grain yield of the plants grown under saline conditions by that of the control plants. D. Heat tolerance index calculated by dividing the percentage of filled pods of the heat-stressed plants by that of the control plants.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root dry weight/total plant dry weight - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000241 1_1_87zm1iub,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'physician, pathologist'?","A. Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of underground and surface waters; and study the form and intensity of precipitation and its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement through the earth, and return to the ocean and atmosphere. B. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 5. C. Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues, and fluids. Includes medical examiners. D. Teach courses in economics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"physician, pathologist",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29122200 1_1_e48yc4xe,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Merovingian Duchy of Alamannia'?","A. Alemannia following the loss of its independence, becoming a duchy of the Frankish Empire. B. Alamannia as a duchy of the Merovingian dynasty. C. Any of various duchies in Alamannia. D. A taxonomic family within the order Psocodea.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Merovingian Duchy of Alamannia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010958 1_1_hhh4kz7g,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Human-Made Feature'?","A. This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings, and maps. Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation. Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. In particular, it includes the information encoding features on mechanical or digital carriers.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained (“curated” and “preserved,” in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan. Typical instances of curated holdings are museum collections, archives, library holdings and digital libraries. A digital library is regarded as an instance of E18 Physical Thing because it requires keeping physical carriers of the electronic content. Items may be added or removed from an E78 Curated Holding in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Curated Holding who is often referred to using the name of the E78 Curated Holding (e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”). Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps, or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Curated Holding. This is because they form wholes, either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E25 Human-Made Feature,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E25_Human-Made_Feature 1_1_eo27ublu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'brasixanthone B'?","A. A member of the class of prodimicins that is isolated from the cultured broth of Actinomadura hibisca No. P157-2 (ATCC 53557). B. An extended flavonoid that is 5a,10a-dihydro-11H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-b]chromen-11-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 8 and 10a and a 3-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-trien-12-yl group at position 5a. It has been isolated from the twigs of Morus nigra. C. A member of the class of pyranoxanthones that is 2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one substituted by hydroxy, geminal methyl and a prenyl group at positions 5, 8, 2 and 12 respectively. It is isolated from the stem bark of Calophyllum brasiliense and exhibits significant inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells. D. A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aR,11aR)-pterocarpan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9, a methoxy group at position 1 and a prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,brasixanthone B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65519 1_1_d5aqsiey,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subendocardial branch of anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of right ventricle to reach the anterior papillary muscle and then subendocardially to the apex of the heart. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the anterior wall of the left ventricle. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the left stratum of the interventricular septum. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the central fibrous body and is continuous with the ventricular part of atriovetnricular bundle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subendocardial branch of anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9491 1_1_nidp8otr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'shore'?","A. A shore or shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. B. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. C. A riparian zone is the interface between land and a flowing surface water body. Plant communities along the river margins are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants. Riparian zones are significant in ecology, environmental management, and civil engineering due to their role in soil conservation, their biodiversity, and the influence they have on aquatic ecosystems. Riparian zones occur in many forms including grassland, woodland, wetland or even non-vegetative. In some regions the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone or riparian strip are used to characterize a riparian zone. D. A watershed refers to a divide that separates one drainage area from another drainage area. However, in the US and Canada, the term is often used to mean a drainage basin or catchment area itself. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,shore,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandCoastal/Shore 1_1_h7ixbdfj,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'radiant flux'?","A. System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system. What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling nonlinearity B. Radiant energy per unit time passing some specified area from one side. C. In meteorology, the result of radiative cooling of the earth's surface and adjacent air. Radiational cooling occurs, as is typical on calm, clear nights D. In radiation, the net flux of radiation into or out of a system. As a consequence of radiative forcing there must be some change to the nonradiative energy states of the system.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,radiant flux,http://sweetontology.net/propEnergyFlux/RadiantFlux 1_1_wdfh2wl9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other manifestations'?","A. Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home B. Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home C. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. D. Mucoid sputum production characterizes simple chronic bronchitis. Persistent or recurrent purulent sputum production in the absence of localized suppurative disease, such as bronchiectasis, characterizes chronic mucopurulent bronchitis",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other manifestations,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000224 1_1_mo4uf9xr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental tobacco smoke'?","A. An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced by a person from the lighting of a combustible tobacco product, it is inhaled by the person and exhaled into the environment. B. An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced upon the lighting of a combustible tobacco-containing product and is released into the environment. C. Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass D. Smoke that is produced through the burning of a combustible tobacco-containing product and released into the environment.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,environmental tobacco smoke,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000236 1_1_8uva5jm6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'black sheared anvil'?","A. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), exceptionally dense and vertically developed, occurring either as isolated clouds or as a line or wall of clouds with separated upper portions. B. Colloquial expression for a cumulonimbus anvil that spreads upwind into relatively strong winds aloft. C. A waveform disturbance that arises from Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. D. A hydrosphere in physical geography describes the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,black sheared anvil,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/BlackShearedAnvil 1_1_z9zvmfuk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete limmaGUI'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete limmaGUI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000594 1_1_52ulxh6m,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper respiratory tract'?","A. Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx B. Superior segmental vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some right inferior pulmonary vein that drains the superior segment of the inferior lobe of some right lung. C. Optic tract which is continuous with the optic chiasm and the right lateral geniculate nucleus. D. Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the tracheobronchial tree, right lung and left lung.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Upper respiratory tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661 1_1_vf6c50oo,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein polypeptide chain'?","A. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. B. An indane that consists of 1-aminoindane bearing an N-propargyl substituent. A selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor. C. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. D. A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,protein polypeptide chain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16541 1_1_ct595hsb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'melon allergy'?","A. A food allergy triggered by a plant fruit product. B. A fruit allergy triggered by Ziziphus mauritiana plant fruit food product. C. A fruit allergy triggered by Cucumis melo plant fruit food product. D. A fruit allergy triggered by Prunus domestica plant fruit food product.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,melon allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060509 1_1_cmi3t4lc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kaaba'?","A. A building which is at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Great Mosque of Mecca. B. A public building in which health, recreation or other public services to a local community are provided. C. A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. D. A building which is primarily used for Christian religious activities.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,Kaaba,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501271 1_1_01d6l1kt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'artillery or missile officer'?","A. Manage personnel and weapons operations to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Duties include planning, targeting, and coordinating the tactical deployment of field artillery and air defense artillery missile systems units; directing the establishment and operation of fire control communications systems; targeting and launching intercontinental ballistic missiles; directing the storage and handling of nuclear munitions and components; overseeing security of weapons storage and launch facilities; and managing maintenance of weapons systems. B. Manage the operation of communications, detection, and weapons systems essential for controlling air, ground, and naval operations. Duties include managing critical communication links between air, naval, and ground forces; formulating and implementing emergency plans for natural and wartime disasters; coordinating emergency response teams and agencies; evaluating command center information and need for high-level military and government reporting; managing the operation of surveillance and detection systems; providing technical information and advice on capabilities and operational readiness; and directing operation of weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. C. All military officer special and tactical operations leaders not listed separately. D. Perform and direct in-flight duties to ensure the successful completion of combat, reconnaissance, transport, and search and rescue missions. Duties include operating aircraft communications and radar equipment, such as establishing satellite linkages and jamming enemy communications capabilities; operating aircraft weapons and defensive systems; conducting preflight, in-flight, and postflight inspections of onboard equipment; and directing cargo and personnel drops.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,artillery or missile officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55101400 1_1_pqa27kyu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Disjointed sentences'?","A. An abnormality of the neck musculature. B. Persistent abnormalities in sentence structure exceeding that of the context and background culture of the person. C. Persistent abnormalities in the sentence structure in speech, phrases may not be logically connected to each other, gives the impression of rambling. This may be a characteristic feature of the individual or may be a change from the norm of the affected individual. D. A capsule that divides the parenchyma of the pancreas into lobes and lobules.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Disjointed sentences,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5200006 1_1_q6whj9gn,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shelling percentage'?","A. The number of pods per area. B. Weight of the shelled seed after harvest C. Average percentage of 10 pods based on weight of mature seeds. D. The weight of the shell.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shelling percentage,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000334 1_1_6tdit2h4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'RDF-XML'?","A. GML stands for Graph Markup Language, and is a standard network file format; supported by multiple generic network software packages B. MathML 2.0 is an XML format which is a low-level specification for describing mathematics as a basis for machine to machine communication. It is a W3C Recommendation and was released on 21 Feb 2001. A product of the W3C Math working group, it provides a much needed foundation for the inclusion of mathematical expressions in Web pages. C. Web Ontology Language version 2 in XML Serialization D. A serialisation of RDF into an XML format.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,RDF-XML,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000007 1_1_txcyqcy3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of male germ cell proliferation. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ cell proliferation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of male germ cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000255 1_1_f117nvzj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'gaga'?","A. Multivariate data analysis and graphical display of microarray data. Functions include between group analysis and coinertia analysis. It contains functions that require ADE4. B. Basic class definitions and generics for external pointer based vector objects for R. A simple in-memory implementation is also provided C. This package contains a systems biology markup language (SBML) interface and biochemical system analysis tools with illustrative examples. D. This package fits Rossell's generalizations of the Gamma-Gamma hierarchical model for microarray data analysis, which substantially improve the quality of the fit at a low computational cost. The model can be fit via empirical Bayes (Expectation-Maximization and Simulated Annealing) and fully Bayesian techniques (Gibbs and Metropolis-Hastings posterior sampling).",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,gaga,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000544 1_1_imsg5wmr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bartender'?","A. Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff. B. Set up, operate, or tend plating machines to coat metal or plastic products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal to protect or decorate surfaces. Typically, the product being coated is immersed in molten metal or an electrolytic solution. C. Conduct screening of passengers, baggage, or cargo to ensure compliance with Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations. May operate basic security equipment such as x-ray machines and hand wands at screening checkpoints. D. Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, or otherwise provide care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals that are not raised for consumption, such as dogs, cats, race horses, ornamental fish or birds, zoo animals, and mice. Work in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, zoos, circuses, and aquariums. May keep records of feedings, treatments, and animals received or discharged. May clean, disinfect, and repair cages, pens, or fish tanks.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,bartender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35301100 1_1_3qo1g7ja,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'maintenance or repair worker, general'?","A. Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for castings. B. Construct full-size and scale wooden precision models of products. Includes wood jig builders and loft workers. C. Supervise and coordinate activities of crew engaged in operating and maintaining engines, boilers, deck machinery, and electrical, sanitary, and refrigeration equipment aboard ship. D. Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"maintenance or repair worker, general",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49907100 1_1_zrxmywyv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'iron deficiency anemia secondary to blood loss (chronic)'?","A. Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. B. caused by a shortage of iron in your body. C. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. D. Iron deficiency anemia (a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy blood cells) caused by chronic blood loss",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,iron deficiency anemia secondary to blood loss (chronic),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000404 1_1_60k5cdfp,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Great saphenous vein'?","A. Organ system subdivision which has as its direct parts a combination of any of the following structures: skeleton, skeletal membrane organs, skeletal ligaments, bursae, skeletal cartilage organs and portions of synovial fluid. B. Gastric lymph node located around the cardia of stomach. C. Tributary of femoral vein, each instance of which extends from the dorsum of some foot to just below some inguinal ligament and drains the superficial structures of some lower limb, perineum, and lower abdominal wall through many tributaries, including the medial end of the dorsal venous arch of some foot, and the accessory saphenous, superficial external pudendal, superficial circumflex iliac, superficial epigastric, and numerous cutaneous veins. D. Discrete temporal embryo between 50-51 days postovulation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Great saphenous vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma21376 1_1_50g0fqev,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''BiocCaseStudies''?","A. ChemMineR is an open source compound mining framework. It contains functions for atom descriptor calculation, structure similarity searching, clustering of compound libraries and various utilities for managing complex compound data. It also offers a wide range of visualization functions for compound clusters and chemical structures. The package is integrated with the online ChemMine environment and allows bidirectional communications between the two services. B. Software and data to support the case studies. C. Methods for estimating GO semantic similarities. Implemented five methods proposed by Resnik, Schlicker(Rel), Jiang, Lin and Wang respectively. Support five species: human, rat, mouse, fly, and yeast. D. A collection of software tools for dealing with co-citation data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'BiocCaseStudies',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100046 1_1_4hp1sdj4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right suprarenal vein'?","A. Suprarenal vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains some left suprarenal gland; it usually receives some left inferior phrenic vein. B. Suprarenal vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains some right suprarenal gland. C. Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia. D. Embryonic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right suprarenal vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14343 1_1_4df5qsgx,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete anaplastic carcinoma'?","A. A breast carcinoma characterized by the presence of malignant epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm which contains neutral lipids. B. A carcinoma that results from uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells of epithelial origin, which has no epithelial structural differentiation. C. A syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and poor or absent speech that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the MSL3 gene on chromosome Xp22.2. D. An esophageal carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete anaplastic carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5651 1_1_0u1dflzu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flag leaf temperature'?","A. Flag leaf surface temperature B. Rate of passage of water vapor through the leaf C. Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts D. Dry mass accumulated per panicle per unit of time",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flag leaf temperature,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001153 1_1_mc9km8t9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'intermediate filament cytoskeleton'?","A. Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell. B. A cellular structure that forms the internal framework of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The cytoskeleton includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. C. The portion of the cytoskeleton contained within the presynapse. D. The intermediate filament cytoskeleton that is part of a presynapse.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,intermediate filament cytoskeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045111 1_1_7krs8f52,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organ'?","A. A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. B. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. C. Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. D. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 1_1_6i7hd73v,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Erwartung'?","A. A positive emotion that is an interest and engagement in an object or situation with a desire to know more. B. A positive emotion reflecting energy and passion for something. C. A negative emotion generally elicited by the negative evaluation of others and their actions. Usually elicited by violations of community codes. Closely related to anger and disgust. [Source: OCEAS] D. A positive emotion that involves the anticipation that something desirable will occur.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Erwartung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000175 1_1_dk4br667,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to epinephrine stimulus'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a paraquat stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron-containing substances. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to epinephrine stimulus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071872 1_1_8ykc1bo1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement the phenol content- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method'?","A. A leaf porometer is used to estimate stomatal conductance by simply clipping the sensor head onto a leaf and record stomatal conductance within 30 seconds B. Measure the cyanidin content of the storage root and record it C. Measure the phenol content of the storage root and record it D. Measure the total beta-carotene concentration of the raw storage root in dry weight basis and record it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Measurement the phenol content- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0002129 1_1_7am1ne0i,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cauline axillary shoot'?","A. Shoot system in which all or most of the internodes elongate. B. An axillary shoot system that is part of a stem base . C. An axillary shoot that develops from a tuber axillary bud. D. An axillary branch that forms from a leaf above the very base of the shoot.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cauline axillary shoot,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005002 1_1_92uatgfa,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropologist or archeologist'?","A. Diagnose, treat, and prevent disorders by stimulating specific acupuncture points within the body using acupuncture needles. May also use cups, nutritional supplements, therapeutic massage, acupressure, and other alternative health therapies. B. Appraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanent records and historically valuable documents. Participate in research activities based on archival materials. C. Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations. D. Teach courses in economics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,anthropologist or archeologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19309100 1_1_2njx0ydq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'private detective or investigator'?","A. Format typescript and graphic elements using computer software to produce publication-ready material. B. Install, repair, or adjust audio or television receivers, stereo systems, camcorders, video systems, or other electronic entertainment equipment in homes or other venues. May perform routine maintenance. C. Gather, analyze, compile, and report information regarding individuals or organizations to clients, or detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishment. D. Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,private detective or investigator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33902100 1_1_ecvo0hby,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid gland development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone. D. The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,thyroid gland development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030878 1_1_loeibnkd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'stationary engineer or boiler operator'?","A. Operate or maintain stationary engines, boilers, or other mechanical equipment to provide utilities for buildings or industrial processes. Operate equipment such as steam engines, generators, motors, turbines, and steam boilers. B. Set up, maintain, and dismantle light fixtures, lighting control devices, and the associated lighting electrical and rigging equipment used for photography, television, film, video, and live productions. May focus or operate light fixtures, or attach color filters or other lighting accessories. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an organization, such as records and information management, mail distribution, and other office support services. D. Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,stationary engineer or boiler operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51802100 1_1_e7npc0ej,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'kicking'?","A. A physical strike using the leg, in unison usually with an area of the knee or lower using the foot, heel, tibia (shin), ball of the foot, blade of the foot, toes or knee (the latter is also known as a knee strike). B. A striking blow with the fist. C. Assaultive behavior in which a person (who may be considered a victim) is hit or struck repeatedly, with or without a weapon. D. A deliberate attempt to cause pain to the groin area of one's opponent. Often used in self-defense, the technique can be quickly debilitating, due to the large number of sensitive nerve endings in the penis and testicles, as well as the highly innervated vulva.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,kicking,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008625 1_1_3v8q9f9a,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geoscientist, except hydrologist or geographer'?","A. Advise and assist students and provide educational and vocational guidance services. B. Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting. C. Conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests; or study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth. May classify and map soils and investigate effects of alternative practices on soil and crop productivity. D. Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"geoscientist, except hydrologist or geographer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19204200 1_1_2k313gsu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuchal ligament'?","A. A skeletal ligament that attaches to the malleus. B. A vertebral endochondral element in the cervical region of the vertebral column. C. A fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the upper vertebrae. D. A skeletal ligament that is part of a hip joint.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nuchal ligament,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000351 1_1_wwouwdrs,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal glomerular capillary lumen morphology'?","A. Wrinkling and folding of the capillaries without epithelial cell (podocyte) hyperplasia (formerly called ischemic type of collapse) involving o 80% of the glomerular tuft. The wrinkling is generally made by small regular folds of the glomerular basement membrane. B. An abnormal structure of the glomerular endothelial cells, which are highly specialized cells with fenestrae and a charged luminal glycocalyx layer that contribute to the filtration barrier. C. Apoptotic, pyknotic, and fragmented nuclei within the glomerulus. D. Abnormal structural characteristics of the interior space of the capillary of the renal glomerulus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal glomerular capillary lumen morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033267 1_1_g0ef4y0t,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone ameloblastoma'?","A. A bone benign neoplasm that is located_in the phalanx that has_material_basis_in cartilaginous cells. B. A bone benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in odontogenic epithelium and is located_in bone. C. A bone benign neoplasm of the bone that is characterized by clinical and histological similarity to osteoid osteomas. D. A connective tissue benign neoplasm that is located_in bone.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bone ameloblastoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050895 1_1_wy9qmrak,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis'?","A. The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme. B. The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch. C. The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). D. The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009763 1_1_fllhap6p,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''gaggle''?","A. The bridge package consists of several functions for testing for dierential expression among mul- tiple samples B. topGO package provides tools for testing GO terms while accounting for the topology of the GO graph. Different test statistics and different methods for eliminating local similarities and dependencies between GO terms can be implemented and applied. C. This package contains functions connecting R with the Gaggle D. This library contains functions that calculate various statistics of differential expression for microarray data, including t statistics, fold change, F statistics, SAM, moderated t and F statistics and B statistics. It also implements a new methodology called DEDS (Differential Expression via Distance Summary), which selects differentially expressed genes by integrating and summarizing a set of statistics using a weighted distance approach.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'gaggle',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000545 1_1_rdcdxx65,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervix erosion'?","A. A cervix disease that is characterized by the presence of enodcervical columnar epithelium on the ectocervix. B. A cervix disease that is characterized by the growth endometrial tissue that is located on the cervix. C. An uterine disease that is located_in the cervix. D. A cervix disease that is characterized by inflammation of the cervix.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cervix erosion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3456 1_1_v7cp285b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'reproductive organ'?","A. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). B. An organ involved in reproduction. C. Denser fibrous covering over one of: penis, testicles or ovaries. D. An erectile structure homologous with the penis, situated beneath the anterior labial commissure, partially hidden between the anterior ends of the labia minora.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,reproductive organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003133 1_1_c2tt5bnn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Manubrium'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull where midsagittal plane intersects inferior margin of nasal aperture. B. Simple columnar epithelium without surface specialization. C. Zone of sternum, each instance of which is the cranial or superior end of some sternum which articulates with some clavicles and some first two ribs. D. Region of myocardium of right ventricle which has as its parts the mid anterior zone, mid septal zone, mid inferior zone and mid lateral zone of myocardium of right ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Manubrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7486 1_1_rv3wio6e,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'suprofen'?","A. An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. B. An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group. C. A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. D. A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, by a methyl group at positions 5, and by a 10-hydroxydecyl group at positions 6. Initially developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, benefits were modest; it was subsequently found to be of benefit for the symptomatic treatment of Friedreich's ataxia.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,suprofen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9362 1_1_klp43br5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multicellular anatomical structure'?","A. Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. B. The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses C. Cell layer consisting of lining cells that separates the central nervous system and the bloodstream. The BBB may consist of endothelial cells or glial cells. An endothelial barrier may have arisen independently several times during evolution. In bichir and lungfish the barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, while in sturgeon it is formed by a complex perivascular glial sheath, but with no detectable tight junctions. D. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,multicellular anatomical structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010000 1_1_t8z5d2ok,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rectocele'?","A. Any of various prolapses of the posterior vaginal walls. B. Protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anus. There are various degrees: incomplete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with displacement of the anal sphincter muscle; complete with no displacement of the anal sphincter muscle but with herniation of the bowel; and internal complete with rectosigmoid or upper rectum intussusception into the lower rectum. C. A condition where the sigmoid colon descends (prolapses) into the lower pelvic cavity. D. A pelvic organ prolapse that is characterized by the descent of a peritoneal sac containing small bowel into the rectovagnial space causing a bulge in the posterior vaginal wall.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,rectocele,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011838 1_1_vw2nxj76,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pituitary adenoma 3'?","A. A pituitary gland benign neoplasm that derives_from glandular epithelial cells. B. A pituitary adenoma characterized by different types of familial or sporadic pituitary adenomas that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in AIP on chromosome 11q13.2. C. A pituitary adenoma characterized by development of predominantly GH-secreting pituitary adenomas but also in some patients ACTH-secreting adenomas that has_material_basis_in somatic mutation in the GNAS gene on chromosome 20q13.32. D. A pituitary adenoma characterized by development of different types of familial or sporadic pituitary adenomas that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CDH23 gene on chromosome 10q22.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pituitary adenoma 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112010 1_1_ud4h2zp5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'jejunal mucosa'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. B. A mucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,jejunal mucosa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000399 1_1_9nx6tajk,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Linguistic Object'?","A. This class comprises the textual strings that within a cultural context can be clearly identified as titles due to their form. Being a subclass of E41 Appellation, E35 Title can only be used when such a string is actually used as a title of a work, such as a text, an artwork, or a piece of music. Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting”, or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group. This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form, or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity. Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): E29 Design or Procedure. Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following: 1. A schema for the activities it describes 2. A schema of the products that result from their application 3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. In general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation, and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support. The E36 Visual Item class provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks, or images, etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Human-Made Thing and the depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E33 Linguistic Object,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E33_Linguistic_Object 1_1_0oaxpgez,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shape regularity - estimation'?","A. Observe the regularity of tuber shape in visual scale B. Record the abundance or intesity of flowering when more than 50% of the plants are flowered in a plot C. Record the predominant color of stem on mature plant at five to six month after emergence using a five color scale D. Observe the presence or absence of cataphylle",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shape regularity - estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0100288 1_1_5kxlzylk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'compaction'?","A. Compaction, part of the process of lithification involving mechanical dewatering of a sediment by progressive loading under several km of geomaterial [Wikipedia] B. In geology and oceanography, diagenesis is any chemical, physical, or biological change undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering) and metamorphism. These changes happen at relatively low temperatures and pressures and result in changes to the rock's original mineralogy and texture. The boundary between diagenesis and metamorphism, which occurs under conditions of higher temperature and pressure, is gradational. After deposition, sediments are compacted as they are buried beneath successive layers of sediment and cemented by minerals that precipitate from solution. Grains of sediment, rock fragments and fossils can be replaced by other minerals during diagenesis. Porosity usually decreases during diagenesis, except in rare cases such as dissolution of minerals and dolomitization. C. The process of depositing soil or sediments by a river or other running water. [Wikipedia] D. Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,compaction,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolGeomorphology/Compaction 1_1_xnnuph5b,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cartilaginous joint'?","A. A parenchyma that is part of a parathyroid gland [Automatically generated definition]. B. Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis.[FMA]. C. The adenohypophyseal placode forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary. D. The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cartilaginous joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002213 1_1_kk0rxqr2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'soil or plant scientist'?","A. Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders. B. Teach courses in the physical sciences, except chemistry and physics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Conduct research in breeding, physiology, production, yield, and management of crops and agricultural plants or trees, shrubs, and nursery stock, their growth in soils, and control of pests; or study the chemical, physical, biological, and mineralogical composition of soils as they relate to plant or crop growth. May classify and map soils and investigate effects of alternative practices on soil and crop productivity. D. Examine, diagnose, and treat diseases, injuries, and malformations of teeth and gums. May treat diseases of nerve, pulp, and other dental tissues affecting oral hygiene and retention of teeth. May fit dental appliances or provide preventive care.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,soil or plant scientist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19101300 1_1_oa52h03t,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mainline Protestantism'?","A. A major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians. B. Traditions of Protestantism which developed in the 19th century out of a need to adapt Christianity to a modern intellectual context. With the acceptance of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, some traditional Christian beliefs, such as parts of the Genesis creation narrative, became difficult to defend. Unable to ground faith exclusively in an appeal to scripture or the person of Jesus Christ, liberals, according to theologian and intellectual historian Alister McGrath, ""sought to anchor that faith in common human experience, and interpret it in ways that made sense within the modern worldview."" Beginning in Germany, liberal theology was influenced by several strands of thought, including the Enlightenment's high view of human reason and Pietism's emphasis on religious experience and interdenominational tolerance. C. An informal grouping of Protestant denominations that contrast in history and practice with evangelical, fundamentalist, and charismatic Protestant denominations. Mainline Protestants were a majority of Protestants in the United States until the mid-20th century. A dip in membership across all Christian denominations was more pronounced among mainline groups, with the result that mainline groups no longer comprise the majority. D. Protestant denominations focused on altering social and religious structures through revolutionary or other means and changing value systems in fundamental ways.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Mainline Protestantism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008210 1_1_g8nj3ite,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease (process) of the genitourinary system'?","A. injury/other consequences caused by external sources B. Diseases and conditions affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue C. Genitourinary disease involves disorders of the genital and urinary organs. These organs are involved in reproduction and urination D. A disorder characterized by the acute loss of renal function",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,disease (process) of the genitourinary system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000260 1_1_098nraqx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'area designated as a national nature reserve'?","A. An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). B. An area of protected biodiversity which is of national significance for biological or Earth science interest. C. A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). D. A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,area designated as a national nature reserve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000366 1_1_z8ksl0tk,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'radical perineal prostatectomy'?","A. Prostatectomy via an incision made in the perineum. B. A surgical procedure in which the prostate gland is removed through an incision in the abdomen (in comparison with perineal prostatectomy, done through the perineum). C. The surgical removal of all of the prostate as well as some surrounding tissue, including lymph nodes. D. A surgical procedure wherein the entire prostate gland is removed through an incision in the area between the anus and the scrotum (perineum).",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,radical perineal prostatectomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011133 1_1_kyblfbga,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain vitreousness'?","A. One of the key quality parameters in the determination of durum quality referring to translucent or glass-like appearance when seeds are transversely sectioned and observed whether not vitreous/partly vitreous/vitreous. it is associated with high protein and hard grain. B. The 1bl/1rs translocation in wheat resulted from replacing the short arm of the chromosome 1b of wheat by the short arm of the chromosome 1r of rye (Secale cereale l.). C. Protein content in durum wheat semolina. D. The falling number is defined as the time in seconds required stirring and allowing stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous flour or meal gel undergoing liquefaction due to a-amylase activity.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain vitreousness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000042 1_1_cjy2rqai,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyQCReport'?","A. Robust model-based clustering using a t-mixture model with Box-Cox transformation. Note: users should have GSL installed B. The package implements a method for normalising microarray intensities, both between colours within array, and between arrays. The method uses a robust variant of the maximum-likelihood estimator for the stochastic model of microarray data described in the references C. This package creates a QC report for an AffyBatch object. The report is intended to allow the user to quickly assess the quality of a set of arrays in an AffyBatch object. D. The package contains functions that can be used to compare expression measures on different array platforms.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affyQCReport,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000457 1_1_0i2tkp7b,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant organ development stage'?","A. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a seed . B. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a single fruit . C. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a plant organ . D. A flower development stage that occurs in an individual flower during the interval between the onset of a floral organ meristem development stage and the onset of a flowering stage .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant organ development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025339 1_1_nw56xa0d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell'?","A. A progenitor cell that is a tissue-resident mesenchymal cell, important for skeletal muscle regeneration, and able to differentiate into both adipocytes or fibroblasts. B. A precursor cell that has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell. They are descendants of stem cells, only they are more constrained in their differentiation potential or capacity for self-renewal, and are often more limited in both senses. C. An early neural cell developing from the early ependymal cell of the neural tube. D. Originally described in the dendritic cell ontology (DC_CL:1111100)(PMID:19243617).",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009099 1_1_vml2b5y8,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(R)-norverapamil'?","A. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has R configuration. B. A steroid acid anion that is the conjugate base of (25R)-3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-7-one-26-oic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. D. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(R)-norverapamil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134082 1_1_o3fxp7dn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinocerebellar ataxia type 15'?","A. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GRM1 gene on chromosome 6q24. B. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by progressive ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria and dysphagia, has_material_basis_in mutation in the ITPR1 gene. C. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by ataxia, sensorineal deafness, narcolepsy with cataplexy, and dementia, has_material_basis_in mutation in the DNMT1 gene. D. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by mild cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment, myoclonus and tremor.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spinocerebellar ataxia type 15,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050965 1_1_lrs5gs5g,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic cavity artery'?","A. An artery that enters the lymph node at the hilum and branches into smaller arterioles. B. The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. C. An artery that is part of a thoracic cavity[cjm]. D. An artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It comes just out behind the neck of the mandible. [WP,unvetted].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,thoracic cavity artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003473 1_1_5tpb89n4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-articulated laticifer cell'?","A. The part of the stamen that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs. B. A laticifer cell that is not joined longitudinally to other laticifer cells to form a tube. C. A ground tissue cell that contains latex. D. A laticifer cell that is joined longitudinally to other articulated laticifer cells to form a tube.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,non-articulated laticifer cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006222 1_1_j5aekt1j,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CRG TCoffee'?","A. Aligns RNA sequences using predicted secondary structures by accessing the RCoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software. B. TCoffee is a multiple sequence alignment program with a number of different modes. C. Aligns DNA, RNA or Proteins by combining the output of popular aligners and by accessing the MCoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software. D. Aligns distantly related proteins using homology extension (slow and accurate) by accessing the PSICoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CRG TCoffee,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000065 1_1_g1ywdfsw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 44'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the METTL23 gene on chromosome 17q25. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the METTL5 gene on chromosome 2q31. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the IMPA1 gene on chromosome 8q21. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KPTN gene on chromosome 19q13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 44,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081208 1_1_i5ciypsa,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface'?","A. A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. B. The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. C. A phospholipid scrambling process that results in the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of an apoptotic cell, which acts as an 'eat-me' signal for engulfing cells. Phosphatidylserine is exposed on the apoptotic cell surface by a phospholipid scramblase activity. D. Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,phosphatidylserine exposure on apoptotic cell surface,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070782 1_1_opp95st5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased circulating corticosterone level'?","A. An abnormally elevated concentration of corticosterone in the blood. B. An abnormally reduced concentration of corticosterone in the blood. C. An abnormality of the concentration of deoxycorticosterone in the blood. Deoxycorticosterone comprises 11-deoxycorticosterone and 21-deoxycorticosterone. D. Any deviation from the normal concentration of 18-Hydroxycorticosterone level in the blood circulation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased circulating corticosterone level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032363 1_1_3ko1575u,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'glume'?","A. An inflorescence bract of an involucre . B. A glume that is the apical/distal of the two glumes subtending a pair of florets. C. One of a pair of inflorescence bracts that is part of a spikelet and subtends the two florets. D. A glume that is the proximal/basal of the two glumes subtending a pair of florets.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,glume,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009039 1_1_aej1ah9x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate'?","A. A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the five phospho groups located at positions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 as well as a triphospho group at position 5. B. A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate comprising 1D-myo-inositol having the five phosphate groups placed in the 1-' 2-' 4-, 5- and 6-positions. C. A 1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate compound with a diphosphate groups attached at the 4-position. D. A myo-inositol pentakisphosphate that consists of myo-inositol having the five phospho groups located at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as well as a diphospho group at position 1.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-diphospho-1D-myo-inositol pentakisphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53064 1_1_0yn4l75h,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'continental lithosphere'?","A. [Mechanical or Seismic Definition of Structure] In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The [Wikipedia] B. In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The division of Earth's outer layers into lithosphere and asthenosphere should not be confused with the chemical subdivision of the outer Earth into mantle, and crust. All crust is in the lithosphere, but lithosphere generally contains more mantle than crust. [Wikipedia] C. The continental crust is typically from 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick, and it is mostly composed of less dense rocks, such as granite, than is the oceanic crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of the igneous rock, andesite.[Wikipedia] D. An anticyclonically rotating vortex, around 210 km in diameter, in a convective storm.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,continental lithosphere,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolContinental/ContinentalLithosphere 1_1_244preuo,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'IRanges'?","A. genArise is an easy to use tool for dual color microarray data. Its GUI-Tk based environment let any non-experienced user performs a basic, but not simple, data analysis just following a wizard. In addition it provides some tools for the developer. B. Tools to integrate, annotate, and link phenotypes to cellular organizational units such as protein complexes and pathways. C. The IRanges class and its extensions are low-level containers for storing sets of integer ranges. A typical use of these containers in biology is for representing a set of chromosome regions. More specific extensions of the IRanges class will typically allow the storage of additional information attached to each chromosome region as well as a hierarchical relationship between these regions. D. This package involves microarray Data related methods that utlize BufferedMatrix objects",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,IRanges,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000230 1_1_iyi5e6ls,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left side of pectoral girdle'?","A. Subdivision of pectoral girdle, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of skeleton of right pectoral girdle, right acromioclavicualr joint, right coraco-acromial joint, right glenohumeral joint, right inferior transverse scapular ligament, right sternoclavicular joint and right superior transverse scapular ligament. B. Subdivision of skeletal system of upper limb, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of skeleton of pectoral girdle, acromioclavicualr joint, coraco-acromial joint, glenohumeral joint, inferior transverse scapular ligament sternoclavicular joint and superior transverse scapular ligament. C. Subdivision of pectoral girdle, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of skeleton of left pectoral girdle, left acromioclavicualr joint, left coraco-acromial joint, left glenohumeral joint, inferior transverse scapular ligament, left sternoclavicular joint and left superior transverse scapular ligament. D. Organ surface layert which constitutes the outermost layer of an organ.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left side of pectoral girdle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25573 1_1_tjlqi49c,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc'?","A. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc with beta configuration at the anomeric position of the reducing-end N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue. B. An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,18-dicarboxy derivative of octadecane. C. A deoxyhexose derivative that is formally obtained from deoxymannose. D. A linear amino trisaccharide consisting of alpha-neuraminyl, beta-D-galactosyl and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues linked in a (2->3) and (1->4) sequence.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71612 1_1_v44rw269,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of eating behavior'?","A. A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in the genome of mouse. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of consumption of food or liquid C. A feeding behavior associated with the intake or the frequency of intake or preference or manner of intake of liquids. D. A feeding behavior associated with the intake or the frequency of intake or preference or manner of intake of food.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of eating behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000063 1_1_v7v8586l,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary ossification center'?","A. A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared - most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses. B. merge with sphenoid lesser wing cartilage element? C. The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&. D. A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,primary ossification center,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010356 1_1_ym54dbqj,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Life Stage'?","A. Radiance and spectral radiance are radiometric measures that describe the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces. The SI unit of radiance is watts per steradian per square metre (W·sr−1·m−2). B. The number of photons striking an area per unit time. This could be probably also be called a PhotonArealDensityRate. C. The developmental stage of life of a given organism. D. A measured characteristic of an entity is one that is measurable within the physical world. A measured characteristic includes primary and derived physical dimensions (e.g., length, mass, area, density). The measured value assigned to a measured characteristic may be a quantity (a numerical value) or a quality (a category), including both nominal and ordinal categories.",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Life Stage,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#LifeStage 1_1_nnh5u71c,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'palisade mesophyll cell'?","A. Elongated chlorenchymatous cell oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which is active in photosynthesis. B. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a mesophyll. C. Irregularly-shaped, chlorenchymatous cell, separated by large air spaces. D. A sporophyte development stage that occurs during the interval between fertilization and the first cell division of the plant zygote .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,palisade mesophyll cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006206 1_1_hj3jomn3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'plate divergence'?","A. An extension event occurs when a seismic event causes an extension in the crust. [Wikipedia] B. Plate divergence is the phenomena of plates drifting apart [Wikipedia] C. Orogeny refers to natural mountain building, and may be studied as (a) a tectonic structural event, (b) as a geographical event, and (c) a chronological event. Orogenic events (a) cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, (b) affect certain regions of rocks and crust, and (c) happen within a specific period of time. [Wikipedia] D. Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,plate divergence,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolTectonic/PlateDivergence 1_1_sykknatk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'reduced mobility'?","A. patient whose mobility is reduced B. patient needs assisstance with personal care C. the patient needs help living everyday life at home. D. Lack of familial support",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,reduced mobility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000400 1_1_91d316xo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stigma vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a stigma . B. A vascular system that is part of a scutellum . C. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a filament . D. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a fruit .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stigma vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008012 1_1_x9pqmlps,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenchyme of umbilical cord'?","A. A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord, largely made up of mucopolysaccharides (hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate). It also contains some fibroblasts and macrophages. It is derived from Extra Embryonic Mesoderm[WP]. B. A condyle on the distal end and lateral side of a radius. C. Mesenchyme surrounding the developing optic cup which develops into the sclera. D. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,mesenchyme of umbilical cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003422 1_1_4oaclwfw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrial septal branch of anterior internodal tract'?","A. Internodal tract which consists of the atrial and atrial septal branches. B. Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. C. Internodal tract that is continuous with the atrioventricular node. D. Internodal tract that terminates in the left atrium.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Atrial septal branch of anterior internodal tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83346 1_1_8r49a0vy,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'crushing, grinding, or polishing machine setter, operator, or tender'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber. B. Operate or tend equipment such as cooling and freezing units, refrigerators, batch freezers, and freezing tunnels, to cool or freeze products, food, blood plasma, and chemicals. C. Select and breed animals according to their genealogy, characteristics, and offspring. May require knowledge of artificial insemination techniques and equipment use. May involve keeping records on heats, birth intervals, or pedigree. D. Operate power pumps and auxiliary equipment to produce flow of oil or gas from wells in oil field.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"crushing, grinding, or polishing machine setter, operator, or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51902100 1_1_fn9rdqlh,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'radicle'?","A. A radicle that is part of a seedling . B. A root that is initiated in a developing plant embryo . C. An embryo root that is the basal continuation of a hypocotyl in a plant embryo or a seedling . D. A radicle that is part of a plant embryo .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,radicle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020031 1_1_gv25pgh3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'middle nasal concha'?","A. One of the conchae of the ethmoid bone, which occupy the caudal part of the nasal fossae and form the lateral and superior portions of the turbinate bones in mammals[MP]. The ethmoturbinals are associated with the cribiform plate. They are covered with olfactory epithelium. Primarily, they serve to increase the surface area over which olfactory receptor neurons can come in contact with respiratory air. These olfactory receptor nerves then synapse with the mitral cells of the olfactory lobes through the cribiform plate in the manner described above[Palaeos]. B. The medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid consists of a thin lamella, which descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate, and ends below in a free, convoluted margin, the middle nasal concha. It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha. C. A thin bony plate occasionally found projecting from the inner wall of the ethmoid labyrinth, above the bony superior nasal concha, and the mucous membrane covering the plate. D. The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha. The bone found in superior nasal concha is part of the ethmoid bone.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,middle nasal concha,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005921 1_1_rqlgfhhu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of passenger attendant'?","A. Supervise and coordinate activities of passenger attendants. B. Install, program, maintain, and repair security and fire alarm wiring and equipment. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. C. Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities. D. Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, mechanical equipment, or the structure of a building in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; HVAC maintenance; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of passenger attendant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53104400 1_1_qnso2vbt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of collagen catabolic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of collagen catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010711 1_1_1cg7m0u5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'engineer, all other'?","A. Research, design, develop, or test robotic applications. B. Design, develop, or supervise the production of materials, devices, or systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition, applying principles of nanoscale physics and electrical, chemical, or biological engineering. C. Research, design, develop, or test automation, intelligent systems, smart devices, or industrial systems control. D. All engineers not listed separately.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"engineer, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17219900 1_1_a73pwcyy,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Potato virus Y resistance - method'?","A. Observe the plant resistance to potato virus Y and rate it B. Observe the unsual shape of the tuber and rate it C. Farmers observe the type of leaves and rate it D. Observe the uniformity of the plant and rate it",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Potato virus Y resistance - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000130 1_1_7vzu4zt0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'rectus abdominis muscle'?","A. A subdivision of the autopod skeleton consisting of both acropodial skeleon and metapodial skeleton, but excluding the mesopodial/basopodial skeleton. B. The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen. There are two parallel sets of muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5-7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. [WP,modified]. C. A rough elevation at the middle of the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. D. Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to transform into an osteoblast, and develops from neural crest or mesodermal cells.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,rectus abdominis muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002382 1_1_xp9dsaz4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular leaf differentiation stage'?","A. A vascular leaf development stage which begins with the onset of the vascular leaf anlagen formation stage and ends with the termination of the vascular leaf primordium polarity determination stage . B. A vascular leaf development stage during which vascular leaf size increases primarily through cell expansion. C. A vascular leaf development stage that begins with the formation of a abscission zone at the base of a vascular leaf and ends with leaf separation and death. D. A vascular leaf development stage that begins with the formation of procambium and protoderm and ends with the formation and differentiation of the leaf epidermis and leaf vascular system and all the specialized cells of the vascular leaf.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular leaf differentiation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025574 1_1_72txqxdf,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Secondary malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum and peritoneum'?","A. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a clinical condition caused by cancerous cells (mucinous adenocarcinoma) that produce abundant mucin or gelatinous ascites. B. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver. C. Epilepsy with simple partial seizures and focal EEG abnoralities D. upper respiratory system is infected in multiple sites and parts will become inflamed or damaged.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Secondary malignant neoplasm of retroperitoneum and peritoneum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000152 1_1_8k46zgqn,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'jump response'?","A. The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance. B. Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. C. The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. D. The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,jump response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007630 1_1_f8penril,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathological anatomical entity'?","A. is a pathological anatomical structures transformed from pathological continuant entities. B. is a type of abnormal and excessive growth, called neoplasia, of tissue. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and it persists growing abnormally, even if the original trigger is removed.[1][2][3] This abnormal growth usually (but not always) forms a mass.[4] When it forms a mass, it may be called a tumor. C. Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts. This is not to be confused with the so-called ""pseudocystic appearance"", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst[1] of the jaws. D. is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia include: Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pathological anatomical entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000082 1_1_36a0gtlh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'slow muscle cell'?","A. The part of the circulatory system that lies within the subcutaneous tissue layers close to the surface of the skin. B. A muscle cell that develops tension more slowly than a fast-twitch fiber. C. A skeletal muscle fiber that is innervated by alpha motor neuron and generates tension by contracting, thereby allowing for skeletal movement. These fibers make up the large mass of skeletal muscle tissue and are attached to bones by tendons. D. A muscle cell that can develop high tension rapidly. It is usually innervated by a single alpha neuron.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,slow muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000189 1_1_t2vrrpdj,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete growth of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere'?","A. OBSOLETE. The increase in size or mass of symbiont occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. B. OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + a 2-monoglyceride. C. The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells. D. OBSOLETE. Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane and consisting of proteoglycan. Also refers to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete growth of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044135 1_1_hv6jacma,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'leukocyte migration'?","A. The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. B. The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). C. Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. D. The process in which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,leukocyte migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050900 1_1_3qj1ejtq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia'?","A. having more weight than the average human B. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease C. A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose) D. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of vitamin d in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin d in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin d from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin d to its bioactive metabolites.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperglycemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000483 1_1_x22pb6r6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycotetraosylceramide'?","A. A glycotetraosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the tetrasaccharide component. B. A glycotetraosylceramide in which a linear beta-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Gal-(1->-4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc tetrasaccharide unit is linked glycosidically to a (3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-2-(pentacosanoylamino)octadec-4-en-1-yl ceramide group. C. An oligoglycosylceramide consisting of a glycotetraosyl moiety attached to the ceramide oxygen with an unspecified N-acyl substituent attached to the ceramide nitrogen. D. A glycotetraosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,glycotetraosylceramide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23075 1_1_0hhbz5rh,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'halide'?","A. A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). B. Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). C. Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. D. A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,halide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37578 1_1_ytj5n7ow,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Organisation_Role'?","A. A subjective entity is ontologically subjective, i.e. its existence is relative to an observer, that attributes its properties to some other entity, given a context. B. A social role is played by some agent in the context of social activities. The social role brings with it some expectation of 'default' behavior of the role-filler. C. A role which has a meaning in the context of an organisation: i.e. the role defines a 'position' within sthe structure of roles within an organisation D. A role played by some person (i.e. not an organisation)",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Organisation_Role,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/role.owl#Organisation_Role 1_1_ctz3bv9k,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'dopamine metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. C. Stage succeeding embryo, including mature structure. D. Combining with a lipoprotein particle and delivering the lipoprotein particle into the cell via endocytosis. A lipoprotein particle, also known as a lipoprotein, is a clathrate complex consisting of a lipid enwrapped in a protein host without covalent binding in such a way that the complex has a hydrophilic outer surface consisting of all the protein and the polar ends of any phospholipids.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,dopamine metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042417 1_1_n6mf916q,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'thinking'?","A. A mental process that creates, modifies or has as participant some cognitive representation. B. Short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings, during which a person's contact with reality is blurred and partially substituted by a visionary fantasy, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions, imagined as coming to pass, and experienced while awake. C. a mental process that involves the manipulation of mental language and/or mental images D. the process whereby relevant aspects of our mental experience are focused on specific targets",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,thinking,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000013 1_1_n1bwidpn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 6'?","A. An arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia associated with variation in the region 10p14-p12. B. An arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TGFB3 gene on chromosome 14q24. C. An arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutations in the PKP2 gene on chromosome 12p11. D. An arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia associated with variation in the region 2q32.1-q32.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110075 1_1_74v5ybig,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Artifact'?","A. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. B. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. C. These are the elements that define the basic look-and-feel of BPMN. Most business processes will be modeled adequately with these elements D. Artifacts are used to provide additional information about the Process. There are three standardized Artifacts, but modelers or modeling tools are free to add as many Artifacts as required. There may be addition BPMN efforts to standardize a larger set of Artifacts for general use or for vertical markets. The current set of Artifacts include: Data Object, Group, Annotation",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Artifact,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#artifact 1_1_nzq72tqr,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathological anatomical structure'?","A. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. B. A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population. C. An anatomical structure (FMA) is pathological whenever (1) it has come into being as a result of changes in some pre-existing canonical anatomical structure, (2) through processes other than the expression of the normal complement of genes of an organism of the given type, and (3) is predisposed to have health-related consequences for the organism in question manifested by symptoms and signs. D. A structurally anomalous part of an organism acquired during fetal development and present at birth (but not necessarily hereditary) which is hypothesized to be harmful for the organism.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,pathological anatomical structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000078 1_1_6s3eddwh,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'No restrictions on derivatives'?","A. Restrictions on derivative software is a derivatives clause which allows the creation of derivatives but which also places some kind of restriction on how derivative software may be created. B. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems. C. No restrictions on derivatives is a derivatives clause which places no rules or restrictions on how derivative software is created. D. Derivatives allowed clauses are derivatives clauses which state that derivative resources are allowed using the licensed resource. Even when allowed, such a clause may or may not restrict the usage of the licensed resource in a variety of ways.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,No restrictions on derivatives,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000016 1_1_8x0s37u2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway'?","A. A toll-like receptor signaling pathway in which the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate an innate immune response. B. The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 2 receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 2 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind microbial pattern motifs to initiate an innate immune response. C. The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to toll-like receptor 2. D. The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a toll-like 4 receptor, where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035661 1_1_ul9pj42d,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine'?","A. An organofluorine compound that is bisphenol A with its methyl hydrogens replaced by fluorines. B. A member of the class of indoles that is 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 2-aminopropyl group. C. A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product found in drinking water. D. 8a,13-dihydrobenzo[2,3]pyrrolo[3',4':5,6]indolizino[8,7-b]indole-6,8(5aH,7H)-dione which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 10, hydroxy groups at positions 5a and 8a, a methoxy group at position 14, and a methyl group at position 7 (the 5aR,8aS diastereoisomer). It has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces uncialis.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_91736 1_1_yrhabc6i,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney complications'?","A. poorly controlled diabetes can lead to problems within the kidneys B. Abnormally high blood glucose level, could be a sign of diabetes C. iron deficiecy is due to insufficient iron D. The prescense of diabetic ketoacidosis (body produces high levels of ketones and not enough insulin) in type 1 diabetic patients, resulting in a coma",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with kidney complications,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000484 1_1_m86ituxv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'maCorrPlot'?","A. This package contains an implementation of the S-Score algorithm B. Graphically displays correlation in microarray data that is due to insufficient normalization C. An integrated web interface for doing microarray analysis using several of the Bioconductor packages. It is intended to be deployed as a centralized bioinformatics resource for use by many users. D. Test package for a pathway 'ontology'",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,maCorrPlot,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000604 1_1_voq73bl1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'BLASTN'?","A. BLAST, or Basic Local Alignment Search Tool in full, is an algorithm for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of different proteins or the nucleotides of DNA sequences. B. Position-Specific Iterated (PSI)-BLAST is the most sensitive BLAST program, making it useful for finding very distantly related proteins or new members of a protein family. Use PSI-BLAST when your standard protein-protein BLAST search either failed to find significant hits, or returned hits with descriptions such as ""hypothetical protein"" or ""similar to..."". C. The C++ version of the command line BLAST+ tool made by the NCBI. (See also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1763) D. Nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST (blastn) is a type of BLAST software that takes a given DNA query and returns the most similar DNA sequences from the DNA database that the user specifies.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,BLASTN,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000068 1_1_1f6nsy6j,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'methyl-branched fatty acid anion'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. B. A methyl-branched fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of pristanic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. Any branched-chain fatty acid anion containing methyl branches only. D. Any saturated fatty acid anion with a carbon side-chain or isopropyl termination.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,methyl-branched fatty acid anion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67013 1_1_4cv5rk50,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear'?","A. An ear floret that is the upper of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. B. An ear floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a sessile spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. C. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. D. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets on a sessile spikelet of an ear inflorescence.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006350 1_1_keruz0aq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute otitis media'?","A. Acute otitis media is a short and generally painful infection of the middle ear. B. Otitis media characterized by thick or sticky fluid behind the tympanic membrane. C. Chronic otitis media refers to fluid, swelling, or infection of the middle ear that does not heal and may cause permanent damage to the ear. D. Middle ear is filled with glue-like fluid instead of air.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Acute otitis media,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000371 1_1_ivro6ugl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mann-whitney U test'?","A. A part, fraction, share, or number considered in relation to the whole amount or number. B. A small membranous protrusion, often ending in a bulbous head and attached to the neuron by a narrow stalk or neck. C. A non-parametric test of the null hypothesis that two populations are the same against an alternative hypothesis D. a data transformation that has input of mulitple data and report overall trend of the data.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mann-whitney U test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000103 1_1_1xu2rid6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. B. Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001560 1_1_f10z0n5a,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'attending'?","A. A mental process that involves mentally manipulating representations of steps in an imagined process which has some goal. B. Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. C. The psychic energy that drives individuals toward sensual pleasures of all types, especially sexual ones. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx D. the process whereby relevant aspects of our mental experience are focused on specific targets",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,attending,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000018 1_1_nroiz3zz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'entertainer or performer, sports or related worker, all other'?","A. Provide services to ensure the safety of passengers aboard ships, buses, trains, or within the station or terminal. Perform duties such as explaining the use of safety equipment, serving meals or beverages, or answering questions related to travel. B. Play prerecorded music for live audiences at venues or events such as clubs, parties, or wedding receptions. May use techniques such as mixing, cutting, or sampling to manipulate recordings. May also perform as emcee (master of ceremonies). C. All entertainers and performers, sports and related workers not listed separately. D. Design, integrate, or improve manufacturing systems or related processes. May work with commercial or industrial designers to refine product designs to increase producibility and decrease costs.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"entertainer or performer, sports or related worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27209900 1_1_692n7swe,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'marital abandoment'?","A. Events or stages involved in interpersonal relationships, usually romantic or sexual in nature. B. Deliberate and voluntary abandonment of a marital partner with the intention of ending the marriage agreement without justification and without intent of reunion. C. A romantic meeting or outing with a partner or potential partner, or the person so met. D. An activity or program made available specifically to the romantically unattached, often with the underlying or explicit purpose of fostering dating or relationships among attendees.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,marital abandoment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009742 1_1_l8spcr8b,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Accepted tender'?","A. Class describing the tenders accepted in the procurement public contract. B. Class that defines the tenders excluded from the procurement procedure. C. Class describing tenders being formalized. D. Class describing the awarded tenders.",A,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Accepted tender,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#AcceptedTender 1_1_vxzh8cb7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the basal, mid, apical inferior zones and the basal and mid inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the left coronary artery. B. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the mid and apical anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 10 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery. D. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal inferolateral zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 4 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86538 1_1_k9nt7okb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'insomnia'?","A. a strong desire for sleep B. Aphasia is the term for full loss of language and dysphasia is the term for partial loss of language. C. emotional disorder that makes the patient try to lose weight D. A disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining asleep.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,insomnia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000559 1_1_ay5xrspx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fresh fodder weight'?","A. Yield measured with a quantitative unit (kg, t, etc) B. Weight of harvested pods C. Plant matter content D. Weight of fresh fodder",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fresh fodder weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000614 1_1_6be4zzdn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'palea awn'?","A. An awn that is part of a glume. B. An awn that is part of a palea. C. A cardinal organ part that is a slender, more or less straight and stiff, fine-pointed, terminal or subterminal appendage of a glume, lemma, or palea. D. An awn that is part of a lemma.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,palea awn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025350 1_1_8mq9ox0x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2'-chloro-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-)'?","A. A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of N-acylated trytophan, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 4-hydroxyphenylglycine, 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenylglycyl, tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residues joined in sequence and in which the side-chain of the central 4-hydroxyphenylglycine residue is attached to the side-chain of the tryptophan via a C3-C7 bond and to the side-chain of the tyrosine via an ether bond from C5. It is isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces and has anti-HIV-1 activity. B. A cyclic peptide antibiotic that is A47934 lacking the O-sulfo group; it is produced by a strain of Streptomyces toyocaensis. C. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. D. A cyclic hemiketal isolated from the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas sp.no.2663. It displays potent cytotoxic activity against human tumour cells.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2'-chloro-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_231721 1_1_c8uv5ow1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'seismology'?","A. [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Lopoliths are generally concordant with the intruded strata with dike or funnel-shaped feeder bodies below the body. Lopoliths typically consist of large ultramafic to mafic layered intrusions that range in age from Archean to Eocene. [Wikipedia] B. Tectonics is a field of study within geology concerned generally with the structures within the crust of the Earth (or other planets) and particularly with the forces and movements that have operated in a region to create these structures. Tectonics is concerned with the orogenies and tectonic development of cratons and tectonic terranes as well as the earthquake and volcanic belts which directly affect much of the global population. Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores. A subfield of tectonics that deals with tectonic phenomena in the geologically recent period is called neotectonics. C. Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and λόγος,logos = knowledge ) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes (such as explosions). D. Geophysics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. The theories and techniques of geophysics are employed extensively in the planetary sciences in general.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,seismology,http://sweetontology.net/humanKnowledgeDomain/Seismology 1_1_tthpta0e,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gene of Homo sapiens with unknown gene disposition'?","A. A gene of Homo sapiens that has a pseudo gene disposition B. A gene of an organism of Homo sapiens C. A gene of Homo sapiens that has a unknown gene disposition D. A gene of Homo sapiens that has a protein-coding gene disposition",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,gene of Homo sapiens with unknown gene disposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_2260009606 1_1_9rp6t6xl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'artificial island'?","A. An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. B. An island which is small, principally composed of rock, and usually too small for human habitation. C. An island constructed by human effort. D. An island that lies in a lake.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,artificial island,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000099 1_1_33rlaz0w,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'White adipose tissue'?","A. Adipose tissue, each instance of which is some layer of adipose tissue underlying the dermis. B. Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets. C. Dense irregular connective tissue, which predominantly consists of adipocytes. D. Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,White adipose tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20117 1_1_2kjkbu2d,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypergraph'?","A. LMGene package for analysis of microarray data using a linear model and glog data transformation in the R statistical package B. A package that implements some simple graph handling capabilities. C. A package that implements some simple capabilities for representing and manipulating hypergraphs. D. Using R enviroments for annotation.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,hypergraph,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000577 1_1_r0jfmruq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dementia in Alzheimer disease, unspecified'?","A. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities. B. Unspecified loss of memory, language,and other thinking abilities in a patient with Alzheimer's C. characterized by clinical symptoms and signs of AD that become apparent after the age of 60. D. Other form of Alzheimer's disease (diseases where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over time)",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"dementia in Alzheimer disease, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000435 1_1_ldi4m5wk,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'submolecule'?","A. A submolecular entity is a part of a molecular entity. B. An organic submolecule is connected region of a molecule. C. A submolecule is a mereological sum of covalently bonded atoms. D. A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of exactly one cell.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,submolecule,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010441 1_1_vcegve79,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine bathyal zone biome'?","A. The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. B. The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. C. A marine benthic biome which is determined by a cold seep. D. The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine bathyal zone biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000026 1_1_curt5pn2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'descending aorta'?","A. Any portion of the aorta including the ascending and descending aorta, and aortic arch or a portion of the aortic orifice of the left ventricle. B. Abdominal part of aorta: the distal part of the descending aorta, which is the continuation of the thoracic part and gives rise to the inferior phrenic, lumbar, median sacral, superior and inferior mesenteric, middle suprarenal, renal, and testicular or ovarian arteries, and celiac trunk[BTO]. The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta(of the thorax). [WP,unvetted]. C. The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest. D. The descending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system from the arch of aorta to the point where it divides into the common iliac arteries[GO]. The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta is the part of the aorta beginning at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta is divided into two portions, the thoracic and abdominal, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the legs. [WP,unvetted].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,descending aorta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001514 1_1_olcvccf0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying machine operator or tender'?","A. Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment, including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum drying equipment. B. Erect and repair fences and fence gates, using hand and power tools. C. Drive a light vehicle, such as a truck or van, with a capacity of less than 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), primarily to pick up merchandise or packages from a distribution center and deliver. May load and unload vehicle. D. Set up, operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing machines or robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metal products, components, or assemblies. Includes workers who operate laser cutters or laser-beam machines.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying machine operator or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51309100 1_1_63ozt0h4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-liquid nicotine concentration'?","A. A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. B. The concentration of nicotine in a portion of e-liquid. C. The concentration of a drug in a portion of matter. D. The concentration of carbonyls in an e-cigarette vapour.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-liquid nicotine concentration,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000234 1_1_gstyy678,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reaction'?","A. A plan is a structure of multiple other plans or actions. These can be both sequential or concurrent. Usually a plan is referred to in the context of the intention to act of some agent, however when executed the plan itself comes into effect. B. A personal plan is a plan which is held (and can be executed) by at most one agent. C. A reaction is an action that is (at least) performed by an agent that has observed some other action (this is an intensional view): Action <-> Reaction D. An act which results in the creation of some entity/individual",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Reaction,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/action.owl#Reaction 1_1_r189jqpn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'L5/6 non-Martinotti sst GABAergic interneuron (Mmus)'?","A. An interneuron that is derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence. B. The collection of all meningeal layers that line a central nervous system. C. A part of the body present only in a specific gender. D. A sst GABAergic interneuron does not have Martinotti morphology with a soma found in L5/6 of the cerebral cortex.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,L5/6 non-Martinotti sst GABAergic interneuron (Mmus),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023118 1_1_8nezm24j,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stippling of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe'?","A. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of the 5th toe. B. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe. C. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe. D. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphyses of the middle phalanx of the 5th toe.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Stippling of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 5th toe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100211 1_1_yeo9avh2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'anal canal epithelium'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a anal canal. B. An epithelium that is part of a rectum [Automatically generated definition]. C. A wall of crypt of Lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine. D. A base of crypt of Lieberkuhn that is part of a large intestine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,anal canal epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015716 1_1_04r1d1pf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. D. Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0014053 1_1_u16gq9bg,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-secretase 1 measurement'?","A. The primary measurement(s) or observation(s) used to measure the effect of experimental variables in a study, or for observational studies, to describe patterns of diseases or traits or associations with exposures, risk factors or treatment. These are the outcome measures used to assess the primary objective(s). B. Other key measures that will be used to evaluate the intervention(s) or, for observational studies, that are a focus of the study. These are the outcome measures used to assess the secondary objective(s). C. A result from clinical assessment that characterizes presence of abnormal amyloid found with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) D. A measurement that quantifies the amount of beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) normally found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid. The quantification of the amount of beta-secretase 1 in a sample, typicallly cerebrospinal fluid. Beta-secretase-1 is an aspartic-acid protease important in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells, and is thought to have a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,beta-secretase 1 measurement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000073 1_1_48gcuifl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'prochlorperazine'?","A. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. B. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. C. A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. D. A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,prochlorperazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8435 1_1_supmwps5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Specialized cardiac myocyte'?","A. Cardiac myocyte that is connected together by transverse intercalated discs at a regular interval. B. Specialized cardiac myocyte in the atrium and interventricular septum. C. Cardiac myocytes that are excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. D. Specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Specialized cardiac myocyte,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67968 1_1_mlqmdwf7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'genital system neoplasm'?","A. A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the wolffian genital system. B. A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the müllerian genital system. C. A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the genital system. D. A benign or malignant neoplasm that affects the genitourinary system.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,genital system neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011719 1_1_twaskp9p,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarette smoking behaviour pattern'?","A. A material entity that is considered to be an object. B. A tobacco smoking behaviour pattern that indicates current use of cigarettes. C. A tobacco use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco smoking behaviour. D. Treatment demand that is influenced by the availability of the treatment to to population.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarette smoking behaviour pattern,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_036106 1_1_5mrnrl8i,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Susceptibility to Diplocarpon earlianum method'?","A. Observe and estimate the percentage of viable/filled achenes in 10% increments on 3-5 fruit per genotype. B. Observe and rate the susceptibility of the plant to leaf scorch caused by Diplocarpon earlianum. C. Estimate fruit yield and record it. D. Observe and rate theResistance of the plant to powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera aphanis.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Susceptibility to Diplocarpon earlianum method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000121 1_1_1igcx3w0,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. B. The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. C. Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating. D. The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016545 1_1_ud8uwc7x,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anatomical condition'?","A. A state of being related to an organism's health. B. Any of various conditions or statuses related to anatomical features or entities. C. A state of being, such as a state of health. D. Any of various conditions related to a person's size.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anatomical condition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001504 1_1_spaj5iiv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-[(5S,6R)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dienyl]acrylate'?","A. The conjugate base of 3-[(5S,6R)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dienyl]acrylic acid; major species at pH 7.3. B. A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 5-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentanoic acid. C. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxobutanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3-[(5S,6R)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dienyl]acrylate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60108 1_1_6mt9mk18,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'business teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Diagnose and treat visual system disorders such as binocular vision and eye movement impairments. B. Teach courses in business administration and management, such as accounting, finance, human resources, labor and industrial relations, marketing, and operations research. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and landscape architecture. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"business teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25101100 1_1_qxhu38ht,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'throat'?","A. The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism. B. In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. C. The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus. D. A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,throat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341 1_1_j41trf6b,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'low weight gain in pregnancy, first trimester'?","A. when a mother becomes exhausted or fatigued during pregnancy B. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the first trimester C. when a mother gains weight during pregnancy D. a rare, itchy skin eruption that usually happens in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often begins with the appearance of very itchy red bumps or blisters on your abdomen and trunk, though it can show up on other parts of your body",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"low weight gain in pregnancy, first trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000492 1_1_5088wzpd,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhyolite'?","A. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69% silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. B. Light-colored, frothy volcanic rock, usually of dacite or rhyolite composition, formed by the expansion of gas in erupting lava. Commonly seen as lumps or fragments of pea-size and larger, but can also occur abundantly as ash-sized particles. C. Magma that extrudes onto the surface of earth is called lava. [Wikipedia] D. A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,rhyolite,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Rhyolite 1_1_9u2bjk15,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Forking score'?","A. Assessment of forks position on the tree B. Assessment of forks quantity, appearance of sequential branches with an inclination angle greater than 45° C. Lobe width ratio D. Insertion height of the fork",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Forking score,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000027 1_1_oxzhbufh,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'high endothelial venule of small intestine Peyer's patch'?","A. A high endothelial venule that is located in a Peyer's patch in the small intestine. B. A high endothelial venule that is part of a of lymph node. C. High endothelial venules are specialized blood vessels adapted for lymphocyte trafficking. They form a spatially organized network, which controls both the type of lymphocyte and the site of entry into lymphoid tissues. Uniquely, high endothelial venules express vascular addressins that regulate lymphocyte entry into lymphoid organs. They perform this function in all lymphoid organs except the spleen. D. A high endothelial venule that is located in the vermiform appendix.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,high endothelial venule of small intestine Peyer's patch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8410040 1_1_bq56ngnp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nausea'?","A. Nausea is a digestive system symptom characterized by an uneasy or unsettled feeling in the stomach together with an urge to vomit. B. An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.. C. Constipation is a feces and droppings symptom involving the abnormally delayed or infrequent passage of dry hardened feces. D. Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nausea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000458 1_1_vqlvg9a6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'evaluation as not important to goals'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the event or object is important to the person's goals or needs. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the event or object is not important to the person's goals or needs. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event or object is important to the person's goals or needs.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,evaluation as not important to goals,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000074 1_1_br0ybmif,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'particulate constituent'?","A. any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast. B. a crystal of an earlier rock that is prevented from further reaction in a later rock by a rim of reaction products C. Constituent is distributed through the material between other constituent particles D. Constituent forms an interconnected network of discernible crystals.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,particulate constituent,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/ParticulateConstituent 1_1_hicrx7ch,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Infective myositis, unspecified site'?","A. A disorder characterized by an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles. B. bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in a pus-filled abscess. C. A disorder characterized by an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles. D. liver failure",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Infective myositis, unspecified site","http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/Infective_myositis,_unspecified_site" 1_1_h3xxf33n,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Valid_Rule'?","A. An argument is some rule used in argumentation (cf. Deliverable 1.1) B. An LKIF rule, based on swrl:Impl C. A valid LKIF rule D. An atom is the most basic (undivisible) part of an LKIF rule (cf. Deliverable 1.1)",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Valid_Rule,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/lkif-rules.owl#Valid_Rule 1_1_xwkeexwl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ganglioside GM2 (18:0) amide'?","A. A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of a linear pentasaccharide made up from two N-acetylneuraminyl residues, an N-acetyl-6-O-[(2-aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]-beta-D-glucosaminyl residue, a mannosyl residue and a glucosyl residue at the reducing end attached to the ceramide portion via a beta-linkage. B. An epoxide that is oxiran-2-ylmethanol which is acylated at position 2 by an N-[(2S)-3-amino-2-methyl-3-oxopropanoyl]-L-threonyl-L-threonylleucinyl group. It is a proteasome inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces sp. TC 1087. C. A sialotriaosylceramide that is ganglioside GM2 (18:0) in which the carboxy function of the sialic acid residue has been converted into a carboxamide. D. A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadec-9-enoyl. A synthetic modification of the natural ganglioside GM2.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ganglioside GM2 (18:0) amide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141465 1_1_xwzrnbdy,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'systems analysis'?","A. A skill realized in using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. B. A skill realized in identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. C. A skill realized in determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes. D. A learned capability to perform an action with determined results with good execution often within a given amount of time, energy, or both.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,systems analysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000049 1_1_wcgvzkma,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Rgraphviz'?","A. Equivalence with EDAM http://edamontology.org/format_2330, please use that class instead. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Rgraphviz,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000359 1_1_j6y79obm,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nitisol'?","A. Soil which is primarily composed of clay. B. Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. C. Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. D. An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nitisol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002247 1_1_jtmski6r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'TslSiz - Estimation'?","A. Score the tassels based on size using 1-3 categorical scale. B. Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. C. Observe fusarium graminearum ear rot severity on the plants per plot based on degree of infection. D. Observe the shape of the upper surface of grain, when applicable, on at least 20 representative plants per accession, after harvest.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,TslSiz - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000239 1_1_rt2dbvfw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'water ice formation process'?","A. A sublimation process during which water ice transitions into a gaseous state. B. A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. C. A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. D. A material transformation process during which water ice is formed.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,water ice formation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000950 1_1_5gib27k9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 44'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by neonatal onset of seizures, global developmental delay with intellectual disability and lack of speech, hypotonia, spasticity, and coarse facial features that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DENND5A gene on chromosome 11p15. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early onset seizures, delayed psychomotor development and intellectual disability with variable severity that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GRIN2B gene on chromosome 12p12. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first year of life of refractory infantile spasms or myoclonus with developmental stagnation and severe neurologic impairment after seizure onset that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBA5 gene on chromosome 3q22. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GUF1 gene on chromosome 4p12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 44,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080424 1_1_ak6at3je,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'medical secretary or administrative assistant'?","A. Sort and deliver mail for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Deliver mail on established route by vehicle or on foot. Includes postal service mail carriers employed by USPS contractors. B. Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support. C. Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence. D. Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,medical secretary or administrative assistant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43601300 1_1_9gfh537v,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'nectary epidermis'?","A. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a phyllome . B. A portion of plant epidermis that is part of a shoot system and arises from the meristem L1 layer . C. A portion of shoot system epidermis that has as parts two guard cells and a stomatal pore . May also contain subsidiary cells . D. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a nectary .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,nectary epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000207 1_1_75bhqq3u,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'compound leaf'?","A. A once-compound leaf with leaflets borne along a rachis. B. A vascular leaf characterized by particular anatomical traits namely, wax and trichome distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. C. A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development. D. A vascular leaf born in a circular pattern around a stem with compressed stem internodes .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,compound leaf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020043 1_1_x9n6tlb1,"In the ontology of Public Contracts, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nabídka'?","A. An instance of this class is an abstract information entity about a public contract. It consists of all currently known information about a contract, e.g., a contracting authority, services or supplies which shall be purchased, and contract conditions (e.g., important dates, expected price, etc.). It also informs about tenders received from particular bidders and about an accepted tender. If the contract has already been realized it also informs about an actual price of realization, etc. B. Basic class for decribing a tender submitted by a bidder C. Class for decribing a framework agreement D. Class for description of criteria combination used for tender evaluation",B,1_1,business_finance/public_contracts_ontology,Nabídka,http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#Tender 1_1_gnjsqelk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'female urethral meatus'?","A. External opening or orifice of the urethra through which urine and seminal fluid (in males only) leave the body; in males the meatus presents as a vertical slit normally positioned at the tip of glans penis; in females the meatus is located between the clitoris and the vagina in the vulvular vestibule of the female genitalia[MP]. B. A lineage-negative, Kit-positive, CD45-positive mast cell progenitor that is Fc-epsilon RIalpha-low. C. A urethral meatus that is part of a female urethra[Automatically generated definition]. D. A urethral meatus that is part of a male urethra[Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,female urethral meatus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006565 1_1_5kv9apn8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess'?","A. The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes. B. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. C. An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with hemolysis in the bitten organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002023 1_1_yr6djjwg,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Radiance'?","A. Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). B. Radiance and spectral radiance are radiometric measures that describe the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces. The SI unit of radiance is watts per steradian per square metre (W·sr−1·m−2). C. The developmental stage of life of a given organism. D. measures how easily electricity flows along a certain path through an electrical element. The SI derived unit for electrical conductance is the siemens",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Radiance,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#Radiance 1_1_7fs0426j,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other interstitial pulmonary diseases with fibrosis'?","A. respiratory diseases affecting the interstitum, a fluid-filled space between a structural barrier (ie cell wall, skin) and internal structures (ie organs, muscles). B. diseases that inflame or scar the lungs C. extravascular accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary tissue and air sacs D. Interstitial pneumonia, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other interstitial pulmonary diseases with fibrosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000208 1_1_6zng6eru,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'paramedic'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus. B. Repair, clean, and adjust mechanisms of timing instruments, such as watches and clocks. Includes watchmakers, watch technicians, and mechanical timepiece repairers. C. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, dirt bikes, or similar motorized vehicles. D. Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or injured individuals.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,paramedic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29204300 1_1_c77a5zp1,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Observation'?","A. proposes something that usually is the case, although there is no specific evidence that it is true in this particular case B. An exception is something that is excluded from a general statement or does not follow a rule. In LKIF rules, an exception is a rule which has an exception relation to another rule (cf. Deliverable 1.1) C. An observation is the role played by some proposition believed to be true or false through observation of an agent. D. An expectation is a predictive belief held on purely logical grounds, i.e. not based on direct external evidence, like an observation or a statement by another agent. It is also often characterized as a ""belief about the future"", but this isn't very helpful since one may also hold expectations about the (yet unknown) past. The theory of evolution is for instance a fertile ground for predictions about the existence of past species, and therefore at the same a predictor of future observations.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Observation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Observation 1_1_gcitrbmq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-(D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl L-fucopyranoside'?","A. A glycosylglycerol that is 1-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)glycerol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucose ring has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-galactopyranoside. B. A glycosylglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2 have been converted into the corresponding D-galactopyranoside and D-glucopyranoside derivatives, respectively. C. A glycosylglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2 have been converted into the corresponding L-fucopyranoside and D-glucopyranoside derivatives, respectively. D. A glycosylglycerol that is 1-O-(alpha-D-glucosyl)glycerol in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the glucose ring has been converted to the corresponding alpha-D-galactopyranoside.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-(D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl L-fucopyranoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_154556 1_1_gs6crij3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anismus'?","A. A focal dystonia that is characterized by parkinsonism that is frequently accompanied by focal dystonia and progresses to generalized dystonia that has_material_basis_in X-linked recessive inheritance of SVA retrotransposon insertion in the intron of the TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 gene (TAF1) on chromosome Xq13.1. B. A focal dystonia that is characterized by the failure of the pelvic floor muscles to relax during defecation. C. A focal dystonia that affects a single muscle or small group of muscles in the hand resulting from involuntary muscular contractions. D. A focal dystonia that is characterized by a prolonged involuntary upward deviation of the eyes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,anismus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050839 1_1_vxqta1tx,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'captopril'?","A. A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. B. An aminosulfinic acid comprising ethylamine having the sulfo group at the 2-position. C. A bioactive polypeptide of 39 amino acid residues isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). High-affinity glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (Kd = 136 pM); potently induces cAMP formation without stimulating amylase release in pancreatic acini; potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated rat islets; protects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. A synthetic version is called exenatide. D. A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,captopril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3380 1_1_8mlja2ia,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased HDL2a concentration'?","A. Any deviation from the normal concentration of the HDL2a subfraction in the blood circulation. An HDL2a particle is defined as an HDL particle with a size of 8.80-9.69 nm. B. A reduction below the normal concentration of the HDL2a subfraction in the blood circulation. An HDL2a particle is defined as an HDL particle with a size of 8.80-9.69 nm. C. A structural anomaly of the muscle layer of the heart wall. D. An elevation above the normal concentration of the HDL2a subfraction in the blood circulation. An HDL2a particle is defined as an HDL particle with a size of 8.80-9.69 nm.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased HDL2a concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032420 1_1_i4vtae40,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focal aware clonic seizure'?","A. A type of focal motor seizure in which awareness is retained throughout the seizure. B. A focal motor seizure with dysarthria / anarthria characterized by retained awareness throughout the seizure. C. A type of focal hypermotor seizure during which awareness is fully retained throughout. D. A type of focal clonic seizure during which awareness is fully retained throughout.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Focal aware clonic seizure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032711 1_1_h42nv75y,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ghana'?","A. A country in western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo. B. A nation of the Greater Antilles. Jamaica is divided into 14 parishes, which are grouped into three historic counties that have no administrative relevance. C. A country in western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania. D. An island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It is 34 kilometres (21 miles) in length and up to 23 km (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 432 km2 (167 sq mi). It is in the western part of the North Atlantic, 100 km (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea. Barbados is located roughly 13°N of the equator. It is about 168 km (104 mi) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km (110 mi) south-east of Martinique and 400 km (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Ghana,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00000908 1_1_psatbtd2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pterygopodial gland'?","A. A gland of uncertain function at the base of the clasper in skates and rays, occupying the position of the siphon of other Elasmobranchii. B. An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. C. A gland lodged in a fossa formed mainly of dermal bones, situated wholly in front of the nasal capsules of Osteolepiformes. D. A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm[XAO].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pterygopodial gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0017625 1_1_7wt6erep,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal breeder'?","A. Select and breed animals according to their genealogy, characteristics, and offspring. May require knowledge of artificial insemination techniques and equipment use. May involve keeping records on heats, birth intervals, or pedigree. B. Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias. C. Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments. D. Monitor safety of the aircraft cabin. Provide services to airline passengers, explain safety information, serve food and beverages, and respond to emergency incidents.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,animal breeder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_45202100 1_1_02e72hfo,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left side of pelvic girdle'?","A. Subdivision of pelvic girdle, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of left hip bone, left obturator membrane, left sacro-iliac joint, left sacrospinous ligament and left sacrotuberous ligament. B. Subdivision of pelvic girdle, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of right hip bone, right obturator membrane, right sacro-iliac joint, right sacrospinous ligament and right sacrotuberous ligament. C. subdivision of neck, each instance of which is demarcated from the back of neck by the prevertebral fascia; it has as its constitutional part some complete set of cervical vertebral bodies (C1-C7) and anatomical entities located anterior to them; together with the back of the neck, it constitutes the neck. Examples: There is only one front of neck. D. Subdivision of skeletal system of lower limb, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of hip bone, obturator membrane, sacro-iliac joint, sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left side of pelvic girdle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61414 1_1_ki1wa1ys,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044493 1_1_k5z17trp,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Formation'?","A. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living being.) Twins, triplets, etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood since the advent of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises transfers of the physical custody or the legal responsibility for the physical custody of objects. The recording of the donor or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of custody (there is no previous custodian) 2. the end of custody (there is no subsequent custodian) 3. the transfer of custody (transfer from one custodian to the next) 4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source (the previous custodian is unknown) 5. the declared loss of an object (the current or subsequent custodian is unknown) In the event that only a single kind of transfer of custody occurs, either the legal responsibility for the custody or the actual physical possession of the object but not both, this difference should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). The sense of physical possession requires that the object of custody be in the hands of the keeper at least with a part representative for the whole. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The interpretation of the museum notion of ""accession"" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. Theft is a specific case of illegal transfer of custody.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E66 Formation,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E66_Formation 1_1_q6palolh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'marital relationship'?","A. Interpersonal relationships which attains some form of internal or external significance (such as a marriage or civil union). B. A legally recognized partnership which is arranged in a similar manner to a marriage. C. A significant relationship considered to have formally begun with a legal marriage, religious marriage ceremony, or some other cultural equivalent. D. A marital relationship between two people.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,marital relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000863 1_1_fjnj6ah2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Accession number at the donor institution'?","A. Accession number at the donor institution B. Latitude of collection site C. Frequency of other special botanical character of the population. D. If the source population is not isolated, are the neighboring palms are of the same type ?",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Accession number at the donor institution,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000455 1_1_or001rqo,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-linolenoyl-containing glycerolipid'?","A. An azaphilone that is the ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,4-dimethylhexanoic acid with the tertiary hydroxy group of 7-hydroxy-7-methyl-6,8-dioxo-2,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. B. A glycerolipid where one of the acyl groups is specified as alpha-linolenoyl C. A pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus versicolor. It has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines. D. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-linolenoyl-containing glycerolipid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90078 1_1_cql9qqqj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'corticosteroid'?","A. A steroid that has a structure based on a 21-carbon (pregnane) skeleton. Note that individual examples may have ring substituents at other positions and/or contain double bonds, aromatic A-rings, expanded/contracted rings etc., so the formula and mass may vary from that given for the generic structure. B. An aza-steroid is a steroid where in the carbon skeleton a carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen. C. Any steroid based on an androstane skeleton and its derivatives. D. A natural or synthetic analogue of the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,corticosteroid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50858 1_1_oj0m1463,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Status epilepticus with ictal paresis'?","A. Status epilepticus with focal motor signs originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. Involves musculature in any form. The motor event could consist of an increase (positive) or decrease (negative) in muscle contraction to produce a movement. B. A type of focal motor status epilepticus characterized by continuous neck or body rotation and conjugate gaze deviation in a direction contralateral to the responsible epileptic focus. This includes some forms of tonic status epilepticus. C. Epilepsia partialis continua (also called Kojevnikov's or Kozhevnikov's epilepsia) is a type of focal motor status epilepticus characterized by repeated stereotyped simple motor manifestations such as jerks, typically of a limb or the face, recurring every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days or years). D. A type of focal motor status epilepticus characterized by prolonged ictal paresis or inhibitory motor seizures.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Status epilepticus with ictal paresis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032862 1_1_4o8lelwr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lumbar vertebra cartilage element'?","A. A lumbar vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. B. Supradorsals are small paired nodules of cartilage positioned at the distal ends of neural arches and the proximal end of neural spines (Arratia et al., 2001). C. A thoracic vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. D. A sacral vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lumbar vertebra cartilage element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013509 1_1_wojb8x87,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transtensional'?","A. The net slip of the fault lies between the strike and dip directions of the fault; the slip vector rakes between 10 and 80 degrees in the plane of the fault. B. A fault along which strike-slip deformation is accompanied by a component of shortening transverse to the fault. C. A domelike protrusion above a cumulonimbus anvil, representing the intrusion of an updraft through its equilibrium level. D. A fault along which strike-slip deformation is accompanied by a component of extension transverse to the fault.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transtensional,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/Transtensional 1_1_0pzf8x3g,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'C2-C3 intervertebral compartment'?","A. Region of pericardial sac which surrounds the pulmonary trunk. B. Wall of synovial tendon sheath of ring finger C. Compartment between C2 and C3 vertebrae. D. Intervertebral compartment of cervical part of vertebral column.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,C2-C3 intervertebral compartment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321224 1_1_ffu3p9sv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'growth hormone receptor binding'?","A. Binding to an interleukin-2 receptor. B. Binding to a growth hormone receptor. C. Binding to an interleukin-9 receptor. D. Binding to an interleukin-19 receptor.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,growth hormone receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005131 1_1_pn90ood3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'head or neck skin'?","A. A skin of neck that is part of a throat. B. A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. C. A zone of skin that is part of a penis [Automatically generated definition]. D. A zone of skin that is mainly innervated by a single sensory nerve. A nerve field innervated by exactly one dorsal root is called a dermatome.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,head or neck skin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012180 1_1_gev7y9zi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'satellite imaging of a planet'?","A. A storm is an environmental process in which an environmental system and the processes it participates in are strongly perturbed by external forcings. These forcings typically increase the rates of processes unfolding in the system, relative to their normal rates. B. An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. C. A remote sensing process during which image data about a planet is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. D. An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,satellite imaging of a planet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001493 1_1_licczuwv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + O2 + taxa-4,11-diene = A + H2O + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-chloro-L-lysine + AH2 + O2 = A + formaldehyde + H2O + L-2-amino-4-chloropent-4-enoate + NH4(+). C. Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and the latter donor is dehydrogenated. D. Catalysis of the reaction: methyl tert-butyl ether + 1/2 O2 = tert-butyl alcohol + formaldehyde.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,4-chloro-allylglycine synthase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0062146 1_1_43omd57d,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'G12'?","A. An oligonucleotide comprised of twelve thymidine residues connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. B. An oligonucleotide comprised of twelve guanosine residues connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. C. A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a fragment of a larger RNA molecule (either naturally occurring or synthetic). Phosphono groups may or may not be present at the 3'- and 5'- termini. D. An oligonucleotide comprised of 25 inosine residues connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,G12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76379 1_1_pm9pqf0m,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'airway submucosal gland duct multiciliated cell'?","A. A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]. B. A multi-ciliated epithelial cell located in ciliated duct of an airway submucosal gland, characterized by a columnar shape and motile cilia on its apical surface. C. A transit amplifying cell of the gut epithelium, located in the wall of the intestinal crypt, just above intestinal stem cells from which they derive. These are rapidly dividing cells, capable of multiple rounds of division before differentiating into the various cell types of the gut epithelium (enterocyte, goblet, eneterodendocrine, paneth cells). D. An organ that aids digestion and stores bile produced by the liver[WP].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,airway submucosal gland duct multiciliated cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033055 1_1_jt0htn8w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'generalized'?","A. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being confined or restricted to a particular location. B. Affecting all regions without specificity of distribution. C. A pattern quality of inhering in a bearer by virtue of the correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of the bearer's parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane or about a center or axis. D. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's changed direction of position towards another entity.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,generalized,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002403 1_1_1gpp5h6i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sex position'?","A. A sex position which can only be non-penetrative in nature. B. A sex position which may or may not be penetrative in nature. C. Sex positions which involve vaginal intercourse. D. Positions which people may adopt during or for the purpose of sexual intercourse or other sexual activities.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sex position,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000791 1_1_p70yie1l,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'trichlorfon'?","A. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. B. An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. C. A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. D. An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,trichlorfon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6908 1_1_00sjkux9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'quinclorac(1-)'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3. B. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 2-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (1R)-1,4,5,10-tetrahydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of quinclorac. The major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,quinclorac(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132178 1_1_zjpixvlu,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Team'?","A. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe. B. A group of comic characters. C. A comic character. D. A format in which a comic is embodied.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Team,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Team 1_1_fha5i8k4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pleasure associated with cigarette smoking'?","A. that is experienced as a result of engaging in a behaviour. B. A bodily disposition which is the degree to which the person is at risk of relapse to tobacco use. C. A facility where some alcoholic beverage can be purchased. D. Pleasure associated with a behaviour where the behaviour is cigarette smoking.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pleasure associated with cigarette smoking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001326 1_1_d584j78a,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 2-deoxystreptamine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 2'-deamino-2'-hydroxyparomamine + UDP(3-) + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: phytoceramide + inositol phosphate = inositol phosphoceramide + diacylglycerol. C. Catalysis of the reaction: phenanthrol + glucose = phenanthryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside + H2O. D. Catalysis of the reaction: [GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)-di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate = [GlcNAc-(1->4)-Mur2Ac(oyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala)](n+1)-di-trans-octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + di-trans,octa-cis-undecaprenyl diphosphate + H+.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,inositol phosphoceramide synthase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045140 1_1_u8qa69l8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking softly'?","A. Speaking with a voice softer than usual. B. Speaking in a manner that is faster than the norm for that person. C. Speaking with a voice that is hesitant or trembling. D. Speaking in a manner that is slower than the norm for that person.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking softly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000154 1_1_ijdrnhc5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'gending'?","A. The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls. B. A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope. C. A strong, low-level wind through either a relatively level channel between two mountain ranges or a gap in a mountain barrier; originally applied to strong (10?20 m s-1) easterly winds through the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of western Washington State and the mountains of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. There they have been defined as ?a flow of air in a sea level channel that accelerates under the influence of a pressure gradient parallel to the axis of the channel.? As in the case of mountain- gap winds, this term has also been applied to pressure-gradient winds accelerating through a gap in a mountain barrier. The pressure gradient often results from a stable, post-cold-frontal anticyclone approaching the barrier and being partially blocked (see blocking) as it ascends the barrier, except for the flow through the gap or channel. The tehuantepecer of Central America is a well- known gap wind by this definition. These flows have sometimes been referred to as jet-effect wind and canyon wind. D. A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,gending,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Gending 1_1_qy43reek,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'maternal behavior'?","A. A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring. B. Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring. C. A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching. D. Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,maternal behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042711 1_1_8bhlti7c,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease of metabolism'?","A. A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. B. A disease that involving errors in metabolic processes of building or degradation of molecules. C. Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period. D. A disease characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,disease of metabolism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0014667 1_1_pb2l9zu9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'bolandiol dipropionate'?","A. An 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use. B. A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the 3beta and 17beta hydroxy groups of bolandiol. C. An organofluorine compound that is 1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a 4-chloro-3-({[2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)propan-2-yl]oxy}carbonyl)phenyl group at position 3. It is a herbicide which inhibits the protoporphyrinogen-oxidase enzyme in plant chloroplasts, resulting in rapid knockdown of various broadleaf and grass weeds. D. A diester obtained by the formal condensation of both the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid with two molecules of ethanol respectively.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,bolandiol dipropionate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31297 1_1_jz1cz7vn,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-porous'?","A. The porosity of some snow. B. A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. C. The porosity of some water ice. D. A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,non-porous,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000985 1_1_ulc7vm2w,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that is characterized by hypopituitarism (mainly growth hormone deficiency), and/or postaxial polydactyly and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant heterozygous mutation in the GLI2 gene on chromosome 2q14. Midline facial defects and developmental delay can also be seen. The condition shows incomplete penetrance and high variable expressivity. B. A syndrome that is characterized by abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance or full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. C. A syndrome that is characterized by blood clots in veins, recurrent fevers, pulmonary abnormalities and vacuoles in myeloid cells and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the UBA1 gene on chromosome Xp11. D. A syndrome that is characterized by delayed psychomotor development, severe intellectual disability with poor or absent speech, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, poor growth, and dysmorphic facial features and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ASXL3 gene on chromosome 18q12.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Bainbridge-Ropers syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080893 1_1_fu7t62d1,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'sound'?","A. An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score). B. Libretto C. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance. D. A release event, in a particular place (e.g. a country) at a particular time. Other factors of this event might include cover art, liner notes, box, etc. or a release grouping all these.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,sound,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Sound 1_1_gphubhoc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf prickle'?","A. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a leaf. B. A prickle that is part of a leaf . C. A prickle that is part of a root D. A portion of leaf epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf prickle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025175 1_1_sgvtdu85,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis-containing e-liquid'?","A. An e-liquid that includes nicotine. B. A liquid commodity that is used in e-cigarettes for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person. C. E-liquid that includes cannabis or some cannabis extract. D. An e-liquid that does not contain any e-liquid flavouring.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis-containing e-liquid,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001027 1_1_kwy4hvo5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'PDMInc - Counting'?","A. Count the number of plants that have more than one ear growing from the same node. B. Count the total number of ears with bad husk cover. C. Count the number of plants that are affected by philippine downy mildew per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. D. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize rough dwarf virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,PDMInc - Counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000576 1_1_doepjiyo,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Expectation'?","A. An observation is the role played by some proposition believed to be true or false through observation of an agent. B. A cause is an epistemic role played by something which is the outcome of a (chain) of processes C. An expectation is a predictive belief held on purely logical grounds, i.e. not based on direct external evidence, like an observation or a statement by another agent. It is also often characterized as a ""belief about the future"", but this isn't very helpful since one may also hold expectations about the (yet unknown) past. The theory of evolution is for instance a fertile ground for predictions about the existence of past species, and therefore at the same a predictor of future observations. D. A fact is a proposition (about something) which is (commonly) agreed upon to hold as true: it has some backing in evidence",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Expectation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Expectation 1_1_15cdx6c0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'alular digit digitopodial skeleton'?","A. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 1 plus the associated metapodial element. B. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 7 plus the associated metapodial element. C. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 8 plus the associated metapodial element. D. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of alular digit plus the associated metapodial element.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,alular digit digitopodial skeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_5112260 1_1_9lotlo4r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae'?","A. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. B. Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. C. Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. D. H. influenzae most often cause pneumonia, but can also cause severe illnesses like meningitis and bloodstream infections",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pneumonia due to Hemophilus influenzae,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000181 1_1_0j5wnhkk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 northern epilepsy variant'?","A. A neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis that is characterized by onset at 5 to 10 years of age of epilepsy followed by progressive mental retardation and a mixed combination of 'granular,' 'curvilinear,' and 'fingerprint' profile lipopigment patterns and has_material_basis_in a Finnish founder mutation in the CLN8 gene on chromosome 8p23. B. A neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, onset of symptoms (psychiatric manifestations, seizures, cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive decline) in adulthood and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the DNAJC5 gene on chromosome 20q13. C. A neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis that is characterized by progressive decline of neurologic function, including visual deterioration in most, cognitive impairment, loss of motor function, and seizures and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CLN6 gene on chromosome 15q21-q23. D. A neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance with rapidly progressive visual loss due to retinal dystrophy, seizures, cerebellar ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the GRN gene on chromosome 17q.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 8 northern epilepsy variant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110724 1_1_gr3hrb5c,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'OCplus'?","A. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects B. xmapBridge can plot graphs in the X:Map genome browser. This package exports plotting files in a suitable format. C. This package selects genes associated with survival. D. This package allows to characterize the operating characeristics of a microarray experiment, i.e. the trade-off between false discovery rate and the power to detect truly regulated genes. The package includes tools both for planned experiments (for sample size assessment) and for already collected data (identification of differentially expressed genes).",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,OCplus,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000307 1_1_bfqdu6p7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'endothelial cell of venule'?","A. An endothelial cell that lines the vasculature. B. Any blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of a microvascular endothelium. C. A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of an arterial endothelium. D. An endothelial cell that is part of the venule.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,endothelial cell of venule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000414 1_1_n8qlx4ry,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'iBioSim'?","A. Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data. B. MATLAB® is a high-level language and interactive environment that enables you to perform computationally intensive tasks faster than with traditional programming languages such as C, C++, and Fortran C. Chromeleon software provides full integration of Thermo Scientific gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), and ion chromatography (IC-MS) instruments. D. iBioSim has been developed for the modeling, analysis, and design of genetic circuits. While iBioSim primarily targets models of genetic circuits, models representing metabolic networks, cell-signaling pathways, and other biological and chemical systems can also be analyzed. iBioSim also includes modeling and visualization support for multi-cellular and spatial models as well.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,iBioSim,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000152 1_1_xmexlyi2,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sedimentation'?","A. The process of depositing material by water, wind, or glaciers. B. The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] C. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] D. Fluvial is used in geography and earth science to refer to the processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sedimentation,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolGeomorphology/Sedimentation 1_1_ijxn8kcw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Duration of male phase'?","A. Visit inflorescence daily from the moment of opening. Note dates when last male flowers and first female flowers of the same inflorescence open. Record number of days betwen these dates as a positive number if last male flowers come first, as a negative number if first female flowers come first. Observe on 30 palms, calculate mean. B. Visit inflorescence daily from the moment of opening. Note dates when first female flowers open and when and the last female flowers open. Record number of days betwen these dates. Observe on 30 palms, calculate standard deviation. C. Measure petiole length from base to the most proximal leaflet on 30 randomly selected palms. Calculate mean. D. Measure the girth or circumference of the stalk just below the first spikelets from 30 randomly selected palms. Calculate standard deviation.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Duration of male phase,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000701 1_1_vnk4yh1g,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'emergent layer'?","A. An irregular zone of extremely tall trees, rising above the mean canopy B. A forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria. These plant communities cover large areas of the globe and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth's biosphere. C. A savanna or savannah is a tropical or subtropical woodland ecosystem. Savannas are characterised by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. It is often believed that savannas are characterized by widely spaced, scattered trees, however in many savanna communities tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forest communities. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall being confined to one season of the year. Savannas can be associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently seen as a transitional zone, occurring between forest regions and desert regions. D. Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants (forbs). Plants of the sedge (Cyperacae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be frequent in grasslands. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica, and in many other areas they have replaced the natural vegetation due to human influence. In temperate latitudes, such as north-west Europe, grasslands are dominated by perennial species, whereas in warmer climates annual species form a greater component of the vegetation.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,emergent layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/EmergentLayer 1_1_cya90a7h,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of mechanics, installer, or repairer'?","A. Direct work crews installing residential or commercial solar photovoltaic or thermal systems. B. Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds. C. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. May also advise customers on recommended services. Excludes team or work leaders. D. Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"first-line supervisor of mechanics, installer, or repairer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49101100 1_1_507mk99w,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'social grade D'?","A. A social grade where the person's occupation is as a skilled manual worker. B. unemployed and lowest grade occupations. C. A social grade where the person's occupation is higher and intermediate professional or managerial. D. A social grade where the person's occupation is as a semi-skilled or unskilled manual worker.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,social grade D,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001392 1_1_sdkdsghm,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Object'?","A. Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce. B. An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects. C. Object, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. D. Category, which is used in the definition of attributes for all BPMN elements, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). Since a Category is also a BPMN element, a Category can have Categories to create a hierarchical structure of Categories.",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Object,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#object 1_1_k8hwlvmh,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cervical spinal nerve nucleus of dorsal column'?","A. Dorsal tarsal ligament, each instance of which is a broad, thin fibrous band passing from the dorsal and lateral parts of the neck of some talus to the dorsal part of some navicular bone. B. Cervical spinal nerve nucleus in dorsal column of spinal cord. C. Cervical spinal nerve nucleus in ventral column of spinal cord. D. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the cervical region of spinal cord.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cervical spinal nerve nucleus of dorsal column,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma288643 1_1_452y8wbw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'saline water body'?","A. A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. B. A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. C. A body of water which is primarily composed of freshwater, with low solute content. D. An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,saline water body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001319 1_1_5ohoz97c,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal control worker'?","A. Officiate at competitive athletic or sporting events. Detect infractions of rules and decide penalties according to established regulations. Includes all sporting officials, referees, and competition judges. B. Set up, operate, or tend woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment. C. Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing. D. Handle animals for the purpose of investigations of mistreatment, or control of abandoned, dangerous, or unattended animals.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,animal control worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33901100 1_1_fbgto3f3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory system connective tissue'?","A. A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. B. Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. C. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. D. Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,respiratory system connective tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003570 1_1_msuxt9op,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ArtifactOutput'?","A. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. B. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. C. The TimeDateExpression supporting element is a sub-type of the Expression Element (Expression on page 273) and uses all the attributes of the Expression Element. D. Message, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, Task, and Message Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2)",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,ArtifactOutput,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#artifact_output 1_1_il1u89fa,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Screening method for Rust resistance'?","A. Quantification of symptoms development in leaves and stems B. Quantification of infestation rate in leaves and stem C. Quantification of symptoms of boron toxicity in leaves D. Visual estimation of the resistance to weevil",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Screening method for Rust resistance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000151 1_1_56nl8kdj,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'kidney'?","A. An organ or element that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland. B. Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]. C. A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. D. Any chamber of the left side of the heart",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,kidney,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 1_1_gpx03p1k,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem base'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is the enlarged basal part of an archegonium and has an archegonium egg cell located in it. B. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a leaflet and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. C. A cardinal organ part that is a slender, hollow extension of a petal . D. The basal part of stem.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem base,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008039 1_1_wbnsit83,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute frontal sinusitis, unspecified'?","A. Acute frontal sinusitis (AFrS) is defined as an acute bacterial infection of the frontal sinus cavity. B. Acute sinusitis is most often caused by the common cold. Signs and symptoms may include a blocked and stuffy (congested) nose, which may block your sinuses and prevent drainage of mucus. C. Acute sinusitis causes the spaces inside your nose (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen D. facial pain, localized to the cheek, but also in the frontal area or the teeth, that is made worse by stooping down or straining. The pain can be unilateral or bilateral, and tenderness may overlie the sinus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Acute frontal sinusitis, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000216 1_1_emh4xui2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'gamma-amino acid'?","A. A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. B. A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group. C. Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. D. A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 and a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,gamma-amino acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33707 1_1_x9v59sea,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete rbsurv'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete rbsurv,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000683 1_1_c0ru33b1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bias'?","A. A belief is a proposition that is believed to be true. B. A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own ""subjective social reality"" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of social reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behaviour in the social world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality. C. A psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a person. They are complex and are an acquired state through experiences. It is an individual's predisposed state of mind regarding a value[disambiguation needed] and it is precipitated through a responsive expression towards a person, place, thing, or event (the attitude object) which in turn influences the individual's thought and action. D. Bias is disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bias,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002822 1_1_ylwu9tlv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ-related music'?","A. Music pertaining especially to intersex persons and/or culture. B. A punk music genre which is distinguished by lyrics exploring themes of prejudice and dealing with issues such as sexual identity, gender identity and the rights of the individual; more generally, queercore bands offer a critique of society endemic to their position within it, sometimes in a light-hearted way, sometimes seriously. C. Music pertaining especially to lesbians and/or lesbian culture. D. A grouping of musical genres that focus on the experiences of gender and sexual minorities as a product of the broad gay liberation movement.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ-related music,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004311 1_1_akqu4ubk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete DFW'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete DFW,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000128 1_1_nifvycnb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Skeletal system of left lower limb'?","A. Appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of pelvic girdle and some instance of lower free limb. B. Lower appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of left pelvic girdle and some instance of left lower free limb. C. Lower appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of right pelvic girdle and some instance of right lower free limb. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which connects the anterior filum coronarium to the posterior filum coronarium of tricuspid valve anulus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Skeletal system of left lower limb,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329124 1_1_hoi6vx0f,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electrical engineer'?","A. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. B. Analyze and coordinate the ongoing logistical functions of a firm or organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product, including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and final disposal of resources. C. Research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. D. Restore, maintain, or prepare objects in museum collections for storage, research, or exhibit. May work with specimens such as fossils, skeletal parts, or botanicals; or artifacts, textiles, or art. May identify and record objects or install and arrange them in exhibits. Includes book or document conservators.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,electrical engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17207100 1_1_tie05grm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alpha copaene content'?","A. Cork chemical composition in suberin monomers (Glycerol and phenolics): Tyramine B. Carbon content in wood C. Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Hydroxyalkanoic acid D. Alpha copaene content",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Alpha copaene content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000390 1_1_ielpmv9u,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit early green'?","A. Ratio of DNA to DNA in a standard plant B. Confirmation of cultivar identity based on pedigree analysis using molecular markers C. Timing of early green fruit D. Chill units for 50% budbreak",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit early green,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000221 1_1_cl5i6933,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep'?","A. The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep. B. A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. C. The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep. D. A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050802 1_1_zg07zv4q,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone'?","A. Absence or underdevelopment of the anterior pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. B. A condition in which the pituitary gland is partially resistant to thyroid hormone, so that it continues to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) until the blood level of thyroid hormone rises higher than normal. C. An abnormality of the adenohypophysis, which is also known as the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. D. Deposition of calcium salts in the pituitary gland.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008227 1_1_z5s46xur,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'postcommissural fornix of brain'?","A. The mammillotectal tract is the collection of axons that connects the ventral diencephalon to the superior colliculus. B. The posterior fibers of the fornix, which continue through the hypothalamus to the mammillary bodies; then to the anterior nuclei of thalamus, which project to the cingulate cortex. C. Part of mammillothalamic tract contained within the hypothalamus. D. A fiber pathway that originates from neurons in the posterior hypothalamic region and projects to various nuclei of the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus. It is a composite structure that consists of the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus and the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus (Carpenter-1983). (from Brain Info.org).",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,postcommissural fornix of brain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003016 1_1_bz2k9w1s,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'library technician'?","A. Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus. C. Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media; remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries. D. Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,library technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25403100 1_1_zus6d4sv,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electrical or electronic equipment assembler'?","A. Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling. B. Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment. C. Assemble or modify electrical or electronic equipment, such as computers, test equipment telemetering systems, electric motors, and batteries. D. Assemble, install, or maintain solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on roofs or other structures in compliance with site assessment and schematics. May include measuring, cutting, assembling, and bolting structural framing and solar modules. May perform minor electrical work such as current checks.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,electrical or electronic equipment assembler,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51202200 1_1_s6hr661d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiple synostoses syndrome'?","A. A dysostosis that is characterized by characterized by multiple joint fusions, usually commencing in the hands, conductive deafness, and characteristic facial features, including a broad, tubular-shaped nose and a thin upper vermilion. B. A dysostosis characterized by short fingers and toes. C. A dysostosis that results_in abnormal development located_in vertebrae or located_in ribs. The bones of the spine do not develop properly, which causes them to be misshapen and abnormally joined together. D. A dysostosis that results_in shortening of interphalangeal joints located_in hand or located_in foot along with mental deficiency.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,multiple synostoses syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050794 1_1_4m7qhxa3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'metaphysis of radius'?","A. The collection of all skeletal elements in an autopodium region. B. Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. C. A metaphysis that is part of a radius bone. D. The usually crescent-shaped opening of the urinary bladder into the urethra, placed at the anteroinferior angle (apex) of the urinary bladder trigone.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,metaphysis of radius,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013751 1_1_lccrx30y,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Information Object'?","A. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code, or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units. It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string. In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. “bit”, “Latin character”, RGB pixel).Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation, and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support. The E36 Visual Item class provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks, or images, etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Human-Made Thing and the depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. These include reproduction and property rights.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E73 Information Object,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E73_Information_Object 1_1_qxv7qer7,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->6)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage. B. Catalysis of the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->4)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage. C. Catalysis of the reaction: beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP-alpha-D-mannose = alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + GDP + H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->3)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage. D. Catalysis of the reaction: an alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP-alpha-D-mannose = an alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcNAc-diphosphodolichol + 2 GDP + 2 H+. This reaction is the transfer of an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D-mannose linkage.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"GDP-Man:Man3GlcNAc2-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004377 1_1_cxoloxjr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'exodermis'?","A. A portion of shoot axis hypodermis that is part of a stem cortex . B. The sub-epidermal layer or layers of cells of the root similar in structure and cytochemical characteristics of the endodermis, the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex. C. A portion of ground tissue which forms a strip along the leaf veins and extending from the bundle sheath to the epidermis. It may be present on one or both sides of the vein and may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma. D. A portion of ground tissue that is the outermost layer of a portion of cortex .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,exodermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005772 1_1_5sbiz1va,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian rhythm'?","A. The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. B. Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. C. A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. D. Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,circadian rhythm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007623 1_1_9po5mxh6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'sacro-iliac joint'?","A. Paired endochondral bone that is the dorsal-most of the pelvic bones, offering attachment areas for gluteal muscles on its main surface [PHENOSCAPE:ad]. B. A serous sac that has the pleura and the pleural cavity as parts. C. The joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by strong ligaments. D. A upper central primary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,sacro-iliac joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001365 1_1_vl5iq08t,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Respiratory arrest'?","A. the collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. B. Pneumococcal disease is caused by common bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) that can attack different parts of the body. When these bacteria invade the lungs, they can cause pneumonia; when they invade the bloodstream, they can cause sepsis; and when they invade the covering of the brain, they can cause meningitis. C. a life-threatening lung injury that allows fluid to leak into the lungs. Breathing becomes difficult and oxygen cannot get into the body. D. Respiratory arrest is the cessation of normal breathing due to failure of the lungs to function effectively.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Respiratory arrest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000156 1_1_yzb7c2w7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-amino-D-alanine'?","A. A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group. B. A 3-aminoalanine that has R configuration. C. A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate that is adenosine 5'-monophosphate in which one of the hydroxy groups of the phosphate has been condensed with the carboxylic acid group of D-alanine. D. An N-[4-(4-nitrophenylphospho)butanoyl]alanine that has R at the chiral carbon.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3-amino-D-alanine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136598 1_1_lo8qrfu4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development'?","A. The multiplication or reproduction of mesenchymal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. B. The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. C. The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureter, that contributes to ureter development. D. The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureter development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072198 1_1_17tpcqvv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'attractiveness'?","A. A quality that causes an interest, desire in, or gravitation to something or someone. B. A relationship represents a directional (binary) association between two entities in which the observed entity is associated to the given entity. C. Any of various attributes of an organism or other biological material. D. The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspect of a person, object, action, process, or substance.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,attractiveness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006433 1_1_73686irm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of neural retina development'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of neural retina development, the progression of the neural retina over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The neural retina is the part of the retina that contains neurons and photoreceptor cells. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm formation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of neural retina development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061074 1_1_tnsj1uw6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transplantation of cervix'?","A. A surgical procedure in which a cervix is transplanted from one organism to another, typically in cases in which the cervix is absent or diseased. B. A surgical procedure in which a uterus is transplanted from one organism to another, typically in cases in which the uterus is absent or diseased. C. Surgical removal of the cervix. D. Surgical transplantation of a uterus in which the person receiving the uterus is a woman.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transplantation of cervix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010240 1_1_3yuhbl6r,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dicloxacillin'?","A. A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group. B. A member of the class of quinazolines that functions as a ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein inhibitor. C. A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens bears a 3-tert-butyl-1-[(3S)-3-carboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-6-yl]-1H-pyrazol-5-yl substituent, while the other bears a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. D. A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dicloxacillin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4511 1_1_q3pm7jhj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'forestry or conservation science teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent mental disorders. B. Teach courses in forestry and conservation science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses in sociology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses pertaining to the chemical and physical properties and compositional changes of substances. Work may include providing instruction in the methods of qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"forestry or conservation science teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25104300 1_1_n427f52m,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'psychiatric aide'?","A. Work as part of a team having responsibility for assembling an entire product or component of a product. Team assemblers can perform all tasks conducted by the team in the assembly process and rotate through all or most of them, rather than being assigned to a specific task on a permanent basis. May participate in making management decisions affecting the work. Includes team leaders who work as part of the team. B. Prepare and sort materials or products for recycling. Identify and remove hazardous substances. Dismantle components of products such as appliances. C. Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials around a warehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site, or similar location. D. Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,psychiatric aide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_31113300 1_1_x1mujxg2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of multicellular organismal process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of parathyroid hormone secretion. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of multicellular organismal process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051240 1_1_1a4vg2ho,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'allantois development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an allantois over time, from its formation to the mature structure. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an extraembryonic membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle). D. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chorion from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The chorion is an extraembryonic membrane.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,allantois development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905069 1_1_c1jp2bs1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Internode Crude Protein content of Dry Matter'?","A. Main shoot stem structural density B. Weight of sorghum stem juice. C. Density of the grain. D. Internode Crude Protein content of Dry Matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Internode Crude Protein content of Dry Matter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000909 1_1_q3ttonrf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'sinsemilla'?","A. Naltrexone that is consumed via the mouth. B. A commodity that is formed from parts of the cannabis plant. C. An intervention scale-up strategy for delivering a opioid agonist treatment programme to a population. D. highly potent marijuana from female plants that are specially tended and kept seedless by preventing pollination to induce a high resin content",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,sinsemilla,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000290 1_1_m838nf41,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Matooke sourness'?","A. The cause of death of the plant. B. Gustatory complex sensation, generally due to presence of organic acids C. Count from 100 ml of soil sample D. Basic taste produced by dilute aqueous solutions of natural or artificial substances such as sucrose",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Matooke sourness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0002052 1_1_sg2e96vj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'subdivision of conjunctiva'?","A. One of the three major regions of the conjunctiva. B. The slender connective tissue fiber in the extracellular matrix of skin tissue that is composed of microfibrils and amorphous elastin and is characterized by great elasticity. C. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla[GO]. D. A muscular coat that is part of a anal canal.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,subdivision of conjunctiva,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010305 1_1_kwy9xbdi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger'?","A. This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. B. Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. C. Fusion of the terminal/distal and middle phalanges of the 5th finger. D. Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th (little) finger.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormality of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004225 1_1_q9mgcedi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dilated cardiomyopathy 1O'?","A. A dilated cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MYH6 gene on chromosome 14q11.2. B. An intrinsic cardiomyopathy that is characterized by an an enlarged heart and damage to the myocardium causing the heart to pump blood inefficiently. C. A dilated cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ABCC9 gene on chromosome 12p12.1. D. A dilated cardiomyopathy that is characterized by refractory ventricular arrhythmias and severe heart failure and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BAG5 gene on chromosome 14q32.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,dilated cardiomyopathy 1O,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110451 1_1_b2jo4oxs,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber dormancy period - method'?","A. Observe the dormancy period of the tuber and rate it B. Panelist observe the visual appearance of boiled potatoes and rate it C. Observe the characteristics of tubers for home consumption and rate it D. Observe the good marketable qualities of tubers at storage",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber dormancy period - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000154 1_1_jahmglvf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'miliaria profunda'?","A. A miliaria that is characterized by pustules resulting from inflammation and bacterial infection. B. A miliaria that is characterized by erythematous papules resulting in leakage of sweat into the deeper, subcorneal layers of the epidermis provoking a local inflammatory reaction. C. A miliaria that is characterized by ductal occlusion of the papillary dermis causing the gland's secretions to leak between the superficial and deep layers of the skin resulting in a rapidly-spreading flesh-colored rash. D. A sweat gland disease that is characterized by blocked eccrine sweat glands and ducts.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,miliaria profunda,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070320 1_1_f6bsnncm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'costa'?","A. An outgrowth of the seed funicle, that forms a bridge between the seed micropyle and other tissues. It is also a remnant form of the obturator found in the ovular funicle. B. A portion of plant tissue that is a single or double strand in the center of a non-vascular leaf and has as part hydrome or leptome . C. A portion of plant tissue consisting of four megaspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. One cell will give rise to a female gametophyte. D. A portion of plant tissue composed of plant epidermal cells that develops from the protoderm and covers the surface of a plant structure .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,costa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030072 1_1_9cce24uf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'helpers--pipelayer, plumber, pipefitter, or steamfitter'?","A. Compose letters or electronic correspondence in reply to requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may include gathering data to formulate reply and preparing correspondence. B. Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff. C. Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment that is automatic or tended by other workers. D. Help plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, or pipelayers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"helpers--pipelayer, plumber, pipefitter, or steamfitter",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47301500 1_1_9tcbojmt,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'North American studies'?","A. A broad field concerned with the peoples, cultures, languages, history, and politics of South America. B. A broad field concerned with the peoples, cultures, languages, history, and politics of the Americas. C. A broad field concerned with the peoples, cultures, languages, history, and politics of North America. D. An academic and research field associated with the study of Latin America.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,North American studies,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012551 1_1_sk4x5u27,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultured plant cell'?","A. A plant cell that is grown or maintained in vitro. B. A plant cell that is either part of a multicellular whole plant 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). C. A cultured plant cell that was derived from leaf tissue. D. A cultured plant cell that was derived from root tissue.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cultured plant cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000005 1_1_tlxnwcdw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which the identity of a plant organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901533 1_1_dq4uji0v,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'arterial system'?","A. The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins. B. The part of the arterial system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. C. The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all venous vessels. In vertebrates with a double circulation, this can be divided into systemic and pulmonary portions. D. The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,arterial system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004572 1_1_vj6coatx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'replication fork arrest at tRNA locus'?","A. A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic rDNA repeat spacer. B. A replication fork arrest process that contributes to the termination of DNA replication. C. A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic tRNA transcription unit. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork. Replication fork arrest is one of the 'quality control' processes ensuring that DNA-dependent DNA replication occurs correctly. DNA replication fork arrest during DNA-dependent DNA replication is not known to occur outside of cases where a replication error needs to be prevented or corrected.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,replication fork arrest at tRNA locus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090001 1_1_n71on871,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'local storm'?","A. A cyclonic storm off the east coast of North America, so called because the winds over the coastal area are from the northeast. B. A storm characterized by a fall of freezing liquid precipitation. The attendant formation of glaze on terrestrial objects creates many hazards. C. Any storm that produces hailstones that fall to the ground; usually used when the amount or size of the hail is considered significant. D. A storm of mesometeorological scale; thus, thunderstorms, squalls, and tornadoes are often put in this category.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,local storm,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/LocalStorm 1_1_lijfcgsn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'endarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) towards the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem progresses centripetally, the oldest elements (protoxylem) are farthest from the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of primary xylem tissue that has as part one or more protoxylem tracheary elements embedded in parenchyma tissue. D. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses both centripetally and centrifugally from the center.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,endarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025557 1_1_5lv6chsb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 1 vestibular sensory cell of epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth'?","A. A branch of the nasociliary nerve that innervates the ciliary muscles, the iris, and the cornea. B. A type I vestibular sensory cell that is part of the epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth. C. A dartos muscle that is part of a female reproductive system. D. A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,type 1 vestibular sensory cell of epithelium of macula of utricle of membranous labyrinth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000379 1_1_emfpitya,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sesamoid bone of the peroneus longus muscle'?","A. The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. B. a coffee bean-shaped constant, large and regular bone. The lateral surface of the bone is convex in all directions and non-articular. The medial surface is covered with hyaline cartilage and articulates by means of a synovial joint with the corresponding facet of the cuboid bone. The histological structure and the mode of ossification of the os peroneum are identical to that of other short bones of the skeleton. C. A sesamoid bone located near or in the flexor musculature of a joint. D. Sesamoid that develops within a ligament, distal to an articulation or joint.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sesamoid bone of the peroneus longus muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012104 1_1_qtmtfqsj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bile duct clear cell adenocarcinoma'?","A. A clear cell adenocarcinoma that is located_in the bile duct. B. A bile duct adenocarcinoma that has_material_basis_in bile duct epithelial cells. C. A bile duct carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. D. A rickets that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance mutation in the DMP1 gene and is characterized by hypophosphatemia, rickets and/or osteomalacia and slow growth.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bile duct clear cell adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7032 1_1_xb0t6bcc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell'?","A. A neuron that is capable of some hormone secretion in response to neuronal signals. B. An epithelial cell that lines the peripheral gas exchange region of the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates. C. A pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell that modulates the fluid surrounding the alveolar epithelium by secreting and recycling surfactants. This cell type also contributes to tissue repair and can differentiate after injury into a pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell. This cuboidal cell is thicker than squamous alveolar cells, have a rounded apical surface that projects above the level of surrounding epithelium. The free surface is covered by short microvilli. D. Skeletogenic cell that produces enamel, overlies the odontogenic papilla, and arises from the differentiation of a preameloblast cell.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002063 1_1_d2kvd1mq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of ectoderm development'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasculature development. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ectoderm development.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,negative regulation of ectoderm development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000384 1_1_plcwgbxu,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ciliary centrin arm assembly'?","A. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the radial spoke, a protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. B. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MBF transcription complex. C. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pyroptosome complex. D. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a ciliary centrin arm, a rod-shaped protein complex containing Centrin4 protein that flanks the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) filament and the quartet microtubules.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ciliary centrin arm assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0120273 1_1_4fc3lk35,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'emergency birth'?","A. The birth of an infant in places or situations other than what was planned. In most cases the location of childbirth is planned ahead of time and may be at home, a hospital, a medical facility or a birthing center. In other situations, the birth occurs on the way to these facilities. Oftentimes, no trained medical personnel are present, other times there may be police or other first responders. Emergency measures for delivery are indicated when childbirth is imminent. B. Multiple fetuses birthed live or dead in a single pregnancy regardless of gestational age, and regardless of whether the fetuses were birthed on different dates. C. Birth which occurs via the abdominal cavity, almost always via Caesarean section. D. The process of intentionally giving birth without the assistance of a medical birth attendant.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,emergency birth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009653 1_1_csinlfgh,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior choroid vein'?","A. Tributary of choroid vein, each instance of which drains some inferior choroid plexus. B. Tributary of basal vein, each instance of which passes through some anterior perforated substance and join some deep middle cerebral and anterior cerebral veins to form some basal vein. C. Tributary of basal vein, each instance of which drains some temporal lobe. D. Tributary of basal vein each instance of which accompanies some anterior cerebral artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior choroid vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50998 1_1_qrcc0tqe,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electro-mechanical or mechatronics technologist or technician'?","A. Protect and police railroad and transit property, employees, or passengers. B. Assist a preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher to provide academic, social, or life skills to students who have learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Serve in a position for which a teacher has primary responsibility for the design and implementation of educational programs and services. C. Operate, test, maintain, or adjust unmanned, automated, servomechanical, or electromechanical equipment. May operate unmanned submarines, aircraft, or other equipment to observe or record visual information at sites such as oil rigs, crop fields, buildings, or for similar infrastructure, deep ocean exploration, or hazardous waste removal. May assist engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment. D. Assist patrons at hotel, apartment, or office building with personal services. May take messages; arrange or give advice on transportation, business services, or entertainment; or monitor guest requests for housekeeping and maintenance.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,electro-mechanical or mechatronics technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302400 1_1_f598ld75,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cassava green mite incidence'?","A. Severity of bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis B. Severity of the chlorotic blotches on leaf caused by the nymphs of Bemesia tabaci C. The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication ( D. Proportion of plants affected by cassava green mite",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Cassava green mite incidence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000122 1_1_e3w2ovat,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tassel inflorescence'?","A. A staminate inflorescence in Zea species that bears the tassel spikelet on a terminal inflorescence axis . B. A collective plant structure composed of two or more cardinal organ parts that are part of adjacent plant organs and any associated portions of plant tissue . C. A petal that is part of a fused corolla or a fused perianth . D. An inflorescence that includes as part only staminate flowers .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tassel inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020126 1_1_fbw858ox,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'preemptive abortion'?","A. Use of an abortifacient to prevent embryonic implantation in the event that fertilization has occurred. Various methods are used to do this: the morning-after pill (diethylstilbesterol), prostaglandins in vaginal suppositories, and RU 486 (mifepristone). Menstrual extraction was also somewhat popular in the 1970s, but is no longer recommended. B. Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. C. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy due to removing an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus. D. Spontaneous or induced abortion which involves an embryo or fetus present in the abdominal cavity. Occasionally, abdominal abortion can happen following a brief tubal pregnancy, as the embryo becomes too large for the distal part of the tube and is therefore ejected into the abdominal cavity. Following the abortion, an embryo or fetus may be reabsorbed, calcified over an extended period of time, or require surgical removal.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,preemptive abortion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009759 1_1_dlt4ixas,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharmaceutical effectiveness'?","A. A disposition inhering in a pharmaceutical. B. A pharmaceutical disposition to ameliorate or cure some symptom or medical condition when the pharmaceutical is used under typical conditions. C. A disposition of a pharmaceutical to cause some clinical symptom or medical condition when taken into the body. D. A pharmaceutical disposition to ameliorate or cure some symptom or medical condition when the pharmaceutical is used as specified.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pharmaceutical effectiveness,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001250 1_1_wcb3b4dc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'viral infection DP of unspecified site'?","A. A general term for diseases produced by viruses. B. disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. C. the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues. D. viruses that infect the body cause diseases",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,viral infection DP of unspecified site,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000321 1_1_27ffvjsf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco smoker'?","A. A tobacco smoker that is pregnant. B. A tobacco smoker who smokes cigarettes. C. A tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking. D. A tobacco smoker who reports recently smoking.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000405 1_1_t8ffbd30,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'diacylglycerol (16:0/20:4/0:0)'?","A. A 1,2-diglyceride in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and palmitoyl respectively. B. A 1,2-diglyceride in which the fatty acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as C16:0 and C22:6 respectively. C. A 1,2-diglyceride in which the fatty acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as C16:0 and C20:4 respectively. D. A 1,2-diglyceride obtained by the formal acylation of positions 1 and 2 of glycerol by hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,diacylglycerol (16:0/20:4/0:0),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134558 1_1_qymji82t,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'innate effector T cell'?","A. A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive. B. A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD45RA-positive. C. A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive. D. A T cell with a receptor of limited diversity that is capable of immediate effector functions upon stimulation.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,innate effector T cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002127 1_1_dzcuwzmb,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Incorporated'?","A. An organisation formed into a legal corporation B. A corporation is a legal entity which, while being composed of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack. C. A kind of (philanthropic) organization, set up as a legal entity either by individuals or institutions, with the purpose of distributing grants to support causes in line with the goals of the foundation D. A legal speech act creates some propositional attitude towards a legal expression.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Incorporated,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Incorporated 1_1_vdg3n70t,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'acid fog'?","A. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. B. Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. C. A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. D. Occurrence of fog or haze in which considerable amounts of acidic material have been taken up from the gas phase, resulting in pH values less than approximately 3 in the liquid phase.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,acid fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoTransport/AcidFog 1_1_545og9cg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'suprachoroid lamina'?","A. On the external surface of the optic choroid is a thin membrane, the suprachoroid lamina, composed of delicate non-vascular lamellae-each lamella consisting of a network of fine elastic fibers among which are branched pigment cells. B. The zone of the mandible that carries the teeth. C. Dorsal plate of the squamosal. D. Pia mater or arachnoid mater.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,suprachoroid lamina,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010293 1_1_ny318dka,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'plantation'?","A. Ocean water which is part of a sea and which has its properties and composition more strongly influenced by terrestrial processes - such as river runoff, groundwater seepage, aeolian transport of dust - than waters of the open ocean. B. An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. C. An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. D. A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,plantation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000117 1_1_s6oquvi6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'role'?","A. A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. B. When water content of the body cartilage increases and the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates C. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. D. A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,role,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 1_1_sjgkqfq8,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Assumption'?","A. proposes something that usually is the case, although there is no specific evidence that it is true in this particular case B. The role of something used in a (mental) reasoning/inference process C. Teleological counterpart of cause D. Observation and/or statement, used as a backing for a belief. Evidence is the role of observation which is qualified by some belief.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Assumption,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Assumption 1_1_fkedm3jk,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mental calculation'?","A. A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental representations of numeric entities in order to compute the outcome of a mathematical function. B. A cognitive process that involves the mental representation of sequential numbers. C. A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental language. D. A mental process that creates, modifies or has as participant some cognitive representation.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mental calculation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000005 1_1_tsme4jz1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'baker'?","A. Perform technical activities at power plants or individual installations necessary for the generation of power from geothermal energy sources. Monitor and control operating activities at geothermal power generation facilities and perform maintenance and repairs as necessary. Install, test, and maintain residential and commercial geothermal heat pumps. B. Operate or tend bonding machines that use adhesives to join items for further processing or to form a completed product. Processes include joining veneer sheets into plywood; gluing paper; or joining rubber and rubberized fabric parts, plastic, simulated leather, or other materials. C. Set up, operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing machines or robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metal products, components, or assemblies. Includes workers who operate laser cutters or laser-beam machines. D. Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,baker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51301100 1_1_8fi9jkjk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (mouse)'?","A. An interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of mouse. B. A platelet glycoprotein 4 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. C. A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. D. A protein S100-B that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha (mouse),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P21183 1_1_1rwnhhr0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Periodontium'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band attached to the sternal end of some costal cartilage, radiating from there out onto the ventral part of some sternum. B. Skeletal ligament. each instance of which connects some tooth to some maxilla or mandible C. Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous cord of connective tissue that attaches some triceps sura and plantaris muscles to the tuberosity of some calcaneus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Periodontium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma56665 1_1_hvmzcrjc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior tibiofibular ligament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a horizontal fibrocartilaginous plate in the center of some second sternocostal joint, which joins the tip of some costal cartilage to the fibrous junction between manubrium and body of some sternum, and thus divides some joint into two parts. B. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous cord of connective tissue that attaches some triceps sura and plantaris muscles to the tuberosity of some calcaneus. C. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band attached to the sternal end of some costal cartilage, radiating from there out onto the ventral part of some sternum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior tibiofibular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76853 1_1_qqkk7o4u,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'past-year varenicline use in a cigarette smoking cessation attempt'?","A. A personal history part that includes previously performing a behaviour. B. Having enacted a behaviour that that involves having used behavioural support to aid a quit attempt in the past year. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product. D. Having enacted a behaviour that involves having used varenicline to aid a quit attempt in the past year.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,past-year varenicline use in a cigarette smoking cessation attempt,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001340 1_1_s2k5ue2g,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'trench'?","A. A canyon, or gorge, is a deep valley between cliffs often carved from the landscape by a river. Most canyons were formed by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level. [Wikipedia] B. Newly formed tabular icebergs have nearly vertical sides and flat tops. In the Antarctic, they may be tens of kilometers wide, up to 160 km (100 miles) long, and as much as 300 m (1000 ft) thick, with about 30 m (100 ft) exposed above the sea surface. In the Arctic, large icebergs of this type are called ice islands, but they are considerably smaller than the largest of the antarctic variety. Has synonyms tabular berg, table iceberg. Formerly called barrier iceberg. C. A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground. Trenches are generally defined by being deeper than they are wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and by being narrow compared to their length (as opposed to a simple hole). Trenches are a natural feature in many landscapes. Some are created by rivers in flow (which may have long since fallen dry), others are features created by geological movement, such as oceanic trenches. The latter form is relatively deep, linear and narrow, and is formed by plate subduction. [Wikipedia] D. A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. They are formed by powerful turbidity currents, volcanic and earthquake activity. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,trench,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandFluvial/Trench 1_1_k1prjh43,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'NCBITaxon_204428'?","A. The regional variety of the English language spoken in the Republic of India, and among the Indian diaspora elsewhere in the world. B. A class of nine families in the phylum Chlamydiae including Chlamydiaceae, Parachlamydiaceae, Simkaniaceae, and Waddliaceae. C. A superphylum of bacteria named after its three important members, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Chlamydiae. D. A phylum of bacteria whose members are obligate intracellular pathogens.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,NCBITaxon_204428,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_204428 1_1_04ju9sq2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'evapotranspiration'?","A. Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. B. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. C. A drainage process during which liquid water is transported away from soil. D. A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,evapotranspiration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500033 1_1_9iloj36q,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'commodity instrument'?","A. financial instrument and credit agreement evidencing monies owed by the issuer to the holder on terms as specified B. financial instrument whose value is determined by the market and that is readily transferable (highly liquid) C. written contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability of another entity D. financial instrument representing an ownership interest in bulk goods, such as raw materials and primary agricultural products",D,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,commodity instrument,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/CommodityInstrument 1_1_2l0js25x,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'english language or literature teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent allergic diseases and disease processes affecting the immune system. B. Assess, treat, and care for patients by manipulation of spine and musculoskeletal system. May provide spinal adjustment or address sacral or pelvic misalignment. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields. D. Teach courses in English language and literature, including linguistics and comparative literature. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"english language or literature teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25112300 1_1_dscagklv,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'musical expression'?","A. A musical expression representing a group of signals, for example a set of masters resulting from a whole recording/mastering session. B. The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, etc., or any combination of such forms. For example: Work #1 Franz Schubert's Trout quintet * Expression #1 the composer's score * Expression #2 sound issued from the performance by the Amadeus Quartet and Hephzibah Menuhin on piano * Expression #3 sound issued from the performance by the Cleveland Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma on the cello * . . . . The Music Ontology defines the following sub-concepts of a MusicalExpression, which should be used instead of MusicalExpression itself: Score (the result of an arrangement), Sound (produced during a performance), Signal. However, it is possible to stick to FRBR and bypass the worflow mechanism this ontology defines by using the core FRBR properties on such objects. But it is often better to use events to interconnect such expressions (allowing to go deeply into the production process - `this performer was playing this particular instrument at that particular time'). C. Libretto D. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,musical expression,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MusicalExpression 1_1_md79ntto,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'history of diagnosis of a disorder'?","A. A personal attribute that is the person's current or past state of physical or mental wellness. B. A personal attribute in which the person has received a diagnosis of a disorder. C. A personal attribute that is the how readily a person can access a service. D. A personal attribute in which the person presents fewer or lower intensity of symptoms compared to their previous symptom presentation, and the current symptoms minimally interfere with their life.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,history of diagnosis of a disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001332 1_1_bmdmizfz,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human XDH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human IL7R gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human GCG gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human GPI gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001869 1_1_rawh5bwq,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'papilla cell'?","A. A papilla cell that is part of a stigma epidermis. B. An epidermal pavement cell that is part of a leaf epidermis. C. A papilla cell that is part of a leaf epidermis. D. An epidermal pavement cell with a short protuberance.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,papilla cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025166 1_1_sjabadbs,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic spinal cord lateral horn'?","A. An organ that functions as a secretory or excretory organ. B. A triangular field that is a lateralward projection of the postero-lateral part of the anterior column[WP, modified by cjm]. C. A spinal cord lateral horn that is part of a cervical spinal cord. D. A spinal cord lateral horn that is part of a thoracic spinal cord.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,thoracic spinal cord lateral horn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014607 1_1_88vt2rz0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'compound volcano'?","A. A volcano that consists of a complex of two or more vents, or a volcano that has an associated volcanic dome, either in its crater or on its flanks. B. A volcano constructed by the ejection of debris and lava flows from a central point, forming a more or less symmetrical volcano. C. A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia] D. A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,compound volcano,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandVolcanic/CompoundVolcano 1_1_w83949bj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'filament vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that is part of a scutellum . B. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a stigma . C. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a filament . D. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a shoot axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,filament vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008014 1_1_pif1e4q2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior lateral line system'?","A. A line of sensory organs and associated structures along the sides of fish and amphibia that detect vibrations and pressure changes. B. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. C. Lateral line system on trunk. D. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,posterior lateral line system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001471 1_1_gjwxiong,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of gene expression'?","A. Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). C. A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. D. Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,regulation of gene expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010468 1_1_i6sgxhl4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior lateral line nerve'?","A. Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VI and VII; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the anterior lateral line ganglia. B. Sensory nerve of the posterior lateral line component. It develops from the postotic middle placode. MLLN innervates neuromasts located over the otic capsule and the suprabranchial line of neuromasts. C. Cranial nerves that carry afferent and efferent fibers for the lateral line system. D. Sensory nerve of the anterior lateral line component. It develops from preotic anteroventral placode. AVLLN innervates lower jaw lines of neuromasts.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,anterior lateral line nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000425 1_1_dja30wi0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - neoxanthine fresh weight'?","A. Measure the neoxanthine concentration is determined by a spectrophotometric method using an standar curve of L-ascorbic acid and record it B. Measure the content of fiber in fresh weight basis and record it C. Measure the Uranium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it D. Measure the Leaf chlorophyll content index using FieldScout-reader and record it",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - neoxanthine fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000549 1_1_sh30g2sk,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'academic degree'?","A. A credential awarded by a professional organization designed to signify the holder's competence as measured against a specified professional benchmark. B. A credential awarded by an educational institution designed to signify the satisfaction of requirements established by and under the monitoring of that institution. C. A credential awarded by a credential granting agency designed to signify participation in or completion of a training program requiring the demonstration of some specified knowledge or skill. D. A document issued by a third party recognized as bearing the relevant authority to do so, that is designed to be about an entity's competence, qualifications, or authority.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,academic degree,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000125 1_1_92llcmf7,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mackerel breeze'?","A. A fresh westerly wind of oceanic origin in Morocco. B. Same as a mackerel breeze C. (Also called mackerel gale.) A wind that ruffles the water, favoring the catching of mackerel. D. An Italian name for the northeast wind. It was given by Roman sailors to the northeast wind in the Gulf of Lions because it came from the direction of the Greek colony of Marsala (Marseilles). Wind names of similar origin are common in the western Mediterranean, for example, gregale.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mackerel breeze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MackerelBreeze 1_1_emc8r4ai,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'DP of male genital organs'?","A. Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the glomeruli (glomerulonephritis), or small blood vessels in the kidneys. B. the unirary tract is infected and cannot function properly C. acute or chronic inflammation of the renal tubules and interstitium. Acute interstitial nephritis is commonly caused by allergic reactions to drugs, but infection or systemic disease may also precipitate the disease. D. Diseases that affect the male reproductive and genital organs",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,DP of male genital organs,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000278 1_1_ht57m3id,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tracheal mucosa'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. B. The mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity[MP]. C. A mucosa that is part of a respiratory airway. D. The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tracheal mucosa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000379 1_1_8g7q0iia,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion'?","A. An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3. B. A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group. C. An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3. D. A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_142093 1_1_2ag5b573,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 73'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the ST3GAL3 gene on chromosome 1p34. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by global developmental delay with hypotonia and mildly delayed walking, impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and mildly dysmorphic features and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the NAA20 gene on chromosome 20p11. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in linkage to a 45.6-Mb interval in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 11 between SNPs rs604518 and rs10899421. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in linkage to chromosome 17p in an interval spanning 5.1 Mb between SNPs rs1367950 and rs1826925.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 73,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081233 1_1_6tr581k7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mean of period between successive inflorescences'?","A. Count the number of inflorescences per year, while recording leaf emission. Calculate mean over 30 randomly chosen palms.. B. Measure petiole length from base to the most proximal leaflet on 30 randomly selected palms. Calculate mean. C. Visit inflorescence daily from the moment of opening. Note dates when last female flowers and first male flowers of next inflorescence open. Record number of days betwen these dates as a positive number if last female flowers of current inflorescence come first, as a negative number if first male flowers of next inflorescence come first. Observe on 30 palms, calculate mean. D. Measure the distance between the point where the bunch is attached to the palm and the base of first spike from 30 randomly selected palms. Calculate standard deviation.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Mean of period between successive inflorescences,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000263 1_1_j6vipavn,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fatty acid C20:0 content measurement'?","A. Measurement of fatty acid C16:0 content B. Separate all leaves with green area greater than 50% from the sample. Dry to a constant weight and weigh using a scale or balance. C. Measure the specific weight of the oat/groat with a chrondrometer. D. Measurement of fatty acid C20:0 content",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fatty acid C20:0 content measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005680 1_1_nwztkfl4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Septal myocardium of right ventricle'?","A. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of free wall of right ventricle. B. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of trabecula carnea of the right ventricle. C. Myocardium of region of heart which consists of the left and middle strata of interventricular septum and is continuous with the myocardium of free wall of left ventricle. D. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle and the myocardium proper of left ventricle..",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Septal myocardium of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85083 1_1_i1xvdzhi,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'presence of orthopedic joint implants'?","A. Therapeutic drug induced immunosuppression, long term use B. a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries C. Presence of implant into the urethra to help control urine leakage (foley catheter, ureteral stent, pessary, etc). D. may be used to specify diseases",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,presence of orthopedic joint implants,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000405 1_1_xnrhwjyh,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'paliperidone'?","A. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure. B. A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine). C. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia. D. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,paliperidone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_82978 1_1_2lyc60pf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Monthly leaf emission rate - computation'?","A. Calculate as: the sum of values with a Black leaf streak disease severity grade of 1. B. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of shooting to the Date of harvest. E.g. 24/12/2014 - 24/09/2014 = 91 days. C. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of harvest of the bunch of the plant from the preceeding crop cycle and the Date of harvest of the bunch of the plant from the current crop cycle, e.g. 24/11/2015 - 24/12/2014 = 335 days. D. Calculate as: the Rank of previously marked leaf at one point in time, minus 1 (equivalent to the Rank of marked youngest leaf), divided by the time elapsed between the two Date of data collection events when the marked leaf was recorded as 1) the Rank of marked youngest leaf and 2) the Rank of previously marked leaf, e.g. (4 - 1) / 1 month = LER of 3 leaves/month during a particular time period.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Monthly leaf emission rate - computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000022 1_1_926rhme4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'asexuality advocate'?","A. One who advocates for LGBTQIA+ people. B. A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. C. One who advocates for asexual people. D. The ability of an individual or group to receive, mobilize for, and be informed about procedures related to accountability, fairness, equality, equity, civil liberties, and human rights.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,asexuality advocate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004913 1_1_d6u4tzg8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis'?","A. A type of glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse mesangial cell proliferation and the thickening of capillary walls due to subendothelial extension of the mesangium. The term membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is often employed to denote a general pattern of glomerular injury seen in a variety of disease processes that share a common pathogenetic mechanism, rather than to describe a single disease entity B. Inflammation of the renal glomeruli. C. A type of glomerulonephropathy characterized by thickening of the basement membrane and deposition of immune complexes in the subepithelial space. D. The presence of minimal changes visible by light microscopy but flattened and fused podocyte foot processes on electron microscopy in a person with nephrotic range proteinuria.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000793 1_1_0ukgugwc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit total anthocyanin content'?","A. The total anthocyanins of fruit. B. The total phenolic acids of fruit. C. The total anthocyanins of fruit. D. Ferric reducing antioxidant power of fruit.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit total anthocyanin content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000080 1_1_rnm0p4np,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'relationship'?","A. Any relationship which includes a temporal or time-based component. B. A relationship represents a directional (binary) association between two entities in which the observed entity is associated to the given entity. C. The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspect of a person, object, action, process, or substance. D. Identity is the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a being (self-identity) or group (particular social category or social group).",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000717 1_1_ftv3l0hy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Material anatomical entity'?","A. Anatomical entity, each instance of which has three or fewer spatial dimensions. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine, peritoneal cavity, diaphragmatic surface of heart, inferior margin of liver, apex of lung. B. Physical anatomical entity, each instance of which has mass. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine. C. Material anatomical entity which consists of a maximum number of some instances of discontinuous members of the same class. Examples: set of cranial nerves, ventral branches of aorta, set of mammary arteries, set of thoracic viscera, dentition. D. Material anatomical entity, each instance of which is either in fluid or solid state, with or without admixture of some cells and biological macromolecules; produced by some anatomical structures or derived from some inhaled or ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures. Examples: portion of saliva, portion of semen, portion of cerebrospinal fluid, portion of respiratory air, portion of urine, feces, portion of blood, portion of plasma, portion of lymph.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Material anatomical entity,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67165 1_1_a1bcptmm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'benthic zone'?","A. Benthic means anything associated with or happening on the bottom of a body of water. The Benthic Zone of the ocean is the bottom ocean zone ranging from the deepest parts of the ocean to the tidal affected areas. The most productive region of the benthic zone is the area over the continental margin, which is unaffected by the tides. B. The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from other zones. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. C. The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone. D. In oceanography, a Halocline is a strong, vertical salinity gradient. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,benthic zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/BenthicZone 1_1_1i8hh9du,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'myositis ossificans'?","A. A myopathy characterized by muscle inflammation. B. Adding UMLS CUI for synonym. C. A myositis that is characterized by late onset of skeletal muscle inflammation, weakness, and atrophy with cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles in the muscle. D. A myositis that is accompanied by ossification of muscle tissue or bony deposits in the muscles.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,myositis ossificans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_668 1_1_924qh4ha,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mild protein-calorie malnutrition'?","A. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of B group vitamins (folic acid, B-12) in the diet B. Anemia (a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues) in patients with neoplasm (tumors) C. A disease where the blood clots throughout the body and increases the risk of bleeding D. body does not have enough nutrition to sustain itself",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,mild protein-calorie malnutrition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000552 1_1_wre0yeod,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'whole plant fruit ripening complete stage'?","A. The stage when fruit ripening is midway. B. A whole plant fruit development stage that begins when the first fruit on a whole plant begins the process of ripening in a way which, in case there are other fruits, the majority of the other fruits start to ripen continuously therewith, and ends with earliest of the following: (1) the whole plant begins a sporophyte senescent stage , (2) the whole plant begins a sporophyte dormant stage , or (3) all fruits on the whole plant are finished ripening. C. The late stage of fruit ripening. D. The stage at which fruit ripening is complete.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,whole plant fruit ripening complete stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007038 1_1_l8ouhkna,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular dementia'?","A. A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. B. A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. C. A dementia that involves impairments in cognitive function caused by problems in blood vessels that feed the brain. D. A dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain resulting in a gradual and progressive decline in behavior or language.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,vascular dementia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8725 1_1_emcqi5g5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cephalic vein'?","A. Region of wall of heart which consists of endocardium, myocardium and epicardium that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. B. Organ segment which is regional part of trapezium proper. Examples: There are only two trapezium proper, left and right trapezium proper. C. Tributary of axillary vein, each instance of which is a superficial tributary of vein that arises from the radial side of the dorsal rete of some hand, and winds anteriorly to pass along the anterior border of some brachioradialis muscle; above some elbow it ascends along the lateral border of some biceps muscle and the pectoral border of some deltoid muscle. D. Organ component layer of tooth.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cephalic vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13324 1_1_o00wrs9y,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mainshock'?","A. An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. B. A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. C. A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) occurs after the mainshock. D. A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) has the largest magnitude of the series.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mainshock,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001771 1_1_8ib79ve0,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right'?","A. This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. These include reproduction and property rights.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E30 Right,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E30_Right 1_1_299k78sp,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5,8-tetradecadienal'?","A. Any C14 polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde containing two double bonds. B. A tetradecadienal with double bonds at positions 2 and 11. C. A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of the pyridin-3-ylmethyl carbamate derivative of p-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase isoform 1 (HDAC1) and isoform 3 (HDAC3). D. A tetradecadienal with double bonds at positions 5 and 8.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"5,8-tetradecadienal",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73721 1_1_nw41vsz0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine'?","A. The process in which the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified. B. The removal of an amine group from an adenosine to produce inosine within a tRNA molecule. C. The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tRNA adenosine deamination to inosine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140023 1_1_afqycops,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'revenue role'?","A. A role that inheres in money by virtue of it being acquired by an economic agent for providing a good or service or as a levy. B. A that inheres in a human being by virtue of their social and institutional circumstances. C. A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. D. a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,revenue role,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000904 1_1_5rz41r3b,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electrical or electronic engineering technologist or technician'?","A. Apply makeup to performers to reflect period, setting, and situation of their role. B. Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from government programs and agency resources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing. C. Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. D. Inspect aircraft, maintenance procedures, air navigational aids, air traffic controls, and communications equipment to ensure conformance with Federal safety regulations.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,electrical or electronic engineering technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302300 1_1_qrtq7qxb,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral funiculus of spinal cord'?","A. The subclavian artery that supplies the left pectoral appendage. B. The white substance of the spinal cord lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves. C. Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. D. A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,ventral funiculus of spinal cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002180 1_1_ejgsw3v7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of left atrium'?","A. Skeletal muscle can refer to either skeletal muscle organ or tissue. B. Wall of atrium which is continuous with the wall of superior vena cava an inferior vena cava. C. Wall of atrium which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary vein. D. Wall of cardiac chamber that surrounds the cavity of an atrium.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of left atrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9531 1_1_2hd4njm2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'organelle localization'?","A. Any process in which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. B. Binding to estradiol. C. OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic hydroxy compound. D. Binding to hyaluronic acid, a polymer composed of repeating dimeric units of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,organelle localization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051640 1_1_wekbvqlz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'age related macular degeneration 14'?","A. A degeneration of macula and posterior pole that is characterized by a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the macula) resulting from damage to the retina and resulting in blurring of the sharp central vision. B. An age related macular degeneration associated with variation in the genomic region 9:112,100,000-127,500,000 (GRCh38). TLR4 has been put forth as a candidate gene. C. An age related macular degeneration associated with variation at or near the C2 and CFB genes on chromosome 6p21. D. An age related macular degeneration conferred by variation in the C9 gene on chromosome 5p13.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,age related macular degeneration 14,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110026 1_1_mms4jl5p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'syndactyly type 3'?","A. A synostosis that results_in the fusion of two or more digits. B. A syndactyly characterized by complete or partial webbing between the third and fourth fingers and/or the second and third toes that has_material_basis_in heterozygous duplication of a region of chromosome 2q34-q36. C. A syndactyly characterized by complete bilateral syndactyly involving all digits 1 to 5 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation of a SHH regulatory element in intron 5 of the LMBR1 gene on chromosome 7q36.3. D. A syndactyly characterized by complete and bilateral syndactyly between the 4th and 5th fingers that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GJA1 gene on chromosome 6q22.31.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,syndactyly type 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111817 1_1_svnx87k5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'penis'?","A. Elastic tissue layer that lines a blood vessel layer. B. A diaphysis that is part of a metatarsal bone. C. An intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination. D. The inner layer of the glomerulus, within the basement membrane surrounding the glomerular capillaries.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,penis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000989 1_1_1daref4u,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'BBCH_92 evaluation'?","A. Assessment of the date when 40% of the crown fruits are mature (has changed color or is dried and dehiscent or has fallen) B. Assessment of the date when shoots reached 20% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) C. Assessment of the date when 20% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell D. Plant and rock covers are assessed independently in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree and with a predefined scoring scale. As the estimations are independent, the total of the two can be > 100% (some plants can grow over rocks).",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,BBCH_92 evaluation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:2000200 1_1_ej38i4sa,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal lover'?","A. A vegetarian is defined as an animal that eats no other animals, or parts of animals. B. All newspapers are either broadsheets or tabloids. C. Someone who really likes animals D. Things that are adult.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,animal lover,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#animal_lover 1_1_zf9ubl0u,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'substituted consent'?","A. Consent to engage in sexual activity. B. Consent which allows a decision maker to attempt to establish the decision an incompetent person would have made if they were competent. C. Consent expressed specifically, either verbally or in the form of writing. D. An institutional policy of granting authority to health personnel to perform procedures on patients or to remove organs from cadavers for transplantation unless an objection is registered by family members or by the patient prior to death. This also includes emergency care of minors without prior parental consent.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,substituted consent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006759 1_1_hb5dnos7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'person with substance use disorder'?","A. A substance user who uses an opioid drug. B. A psychoactive substance user who consumes alcohol. C. A substance user who has a diagnosis of substance use disorder. D. A substance user who is not seeking treatment for their substance use at the current time of recording data.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,person with substance use disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001081 1_1_zrvox2hu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Image analysis - Major culm diameter'?","A. Take random sample of a given number of filled grains, oven-dry until constant weight and weigh. B. View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the width of the wider portion of the culm C. View cross-sectioned samples of second internode under stereo microscope and use Image J software to measure the area of the cross-sectioned culm D. Take youngest fully expanded leaf (penultimate leaf) and measure transpiration rate with the portable photosynthesis system (LCPro+ ADC)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Image analysis - Major culm diameter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001166 1_1_1v6puy9x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'disulfiram'?","A. An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamic acid. A multi-enzyme inhibitor that is used in alcohol aversion therapy and also exhibits anticancer properties. B. A member of the class of dihydrofurans that is disulfane in which both hydrogen's are substituted by 2-methyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl groups. It is a flavouring agent found in meat. C. An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. D. An organic disulfide isolated from the whole broth of the marine-derived fungus Exserohilum rostratum and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,disulfiram,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4659 1_1_jyosv8ls,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic oxo compound'?","A. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. B. Organic compounds containing an oxygen atom, =O, doubly bonded to carbon or another element. C. A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine D. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organic oxo compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36587 1_1_ym8z36yy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrothermal seep'?","A. MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. B. Brackish water which is part of an estuary. C. A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. D. A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,hydrothermal seep,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000265 1_1_7mkgct17,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'myricetin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside'?","A. A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a ketoaldonic acid. B. A mogroside that is mogrol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. C. A xylose derivative that is beta-D-xylose in which the hydrogen of the anomeric hydroxy group is replaced by myricetin. it has been isolated from Mimosa diplotricha. D. A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,myricetin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69458 1_1_91uk3cw9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Organ component of neuraxis'?","A. Organ component which is part of the brain or spinal cord. B. Organ component which has as its parts the cusp proper, lunule and nodule of semilunar valvule. C. Organ component which is attached to the chorda tendinea and the fibrous rings of tricuspid and mitral valves. D. Organ component, each instance of which is some cluster of specialized epithelial cells that includes taste receptor cells, basal cells, and, supporting cells, which are connected to some gustatory nerve endings; it is located around the bases of some vallate, fungiform, and foliate papillae of the tongue and provides the sense of taste.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Organ component of neuraxis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83153 1_1_f7g4tcjt,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'interest'?","A. Interest is a positive emotion which motivates learning, exploration and curiosity. Feelings of interest are associated with the novelty and complexity of stimuli. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that is about a future or possible object or event that is appraised negatively. C. A negative emotion generally elicited by the negative evaluation of others and their actions. Usually elicited by violations of community codes. Closely related to anger and disgust. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative emotion that is about a sense of uncertainty or bewilderment within oneself.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,interest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000033 1_1_uzd2x3wp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneProf Academic License'?","A. The Terms of Use for EMBL-EBI Services reflect EMBL-EBI’s commitment to OpenScience through its mission to provide freely available online services, databases and software relating to data contributed from life science experiments to the largest possible community. They impose no additional constraints on the use of the contributed data than those provided by the data owner.
EMBL-EBI expects attribution (e.g. in publications, services or products) for any of its online services, databases or software in accordance with good scientific practice. The expected attribution will be indicated on the appropriate web page. B. The LINCS Data Policy is a license which allows redistribution and derivative works as long as the original data is attributed correctly. All investigators are encouraged, to publish results based on LINCS data. These results may include, but would not be limited to, integrating LINCS data with data from other sources. LINCS data are released with the sole restriction that they must be correctly cited so that others can establish provenance and access the original data; the correct citation will be released with each data set and will comprise either a PMID/PMCID reference or a unique LINCS identifier. C. The ImmPort Conditions of Use is a vendor-specific license which allows the use of ImmPort data for any legal purpose except for those prohibited elsewhere in this agreement. There are very few prohibitions, and no requirement for attribution. D. The GeneProf Academic License is a vendor-specific license which allows the access and use of the licensed resource for non-commercial purposes.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneProf Academic License,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000111 1_1_ogdvlci9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'positron emission tomography (PET)'?","A. The determination of the amount of the 1-42 amino acid beta amyloid protein isoform present in a sample. B. Detection of gamma rays emitted from tissues after administration of natural biochemical substance into which positron emitting isotopes have been incorporated. The paths of the gamma rays resulting from collision of positrons and electrons are interpreted by a computer to form a representation of local concentrations of the isotope-containing substance. C. Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. D. The determination of the ratio of phosphorylated Tau protein compared to amyloid beta 1-42 present in a sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,positron emission tomography (PET),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MMO_0000129 1_1_srbwpov1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral cavity carcinoma in situ'?","A. A carcinoma in situ that is characterized by the spread of cancer in skin and the lack of invasion of surrounding tissues. B. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the stomach. C. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the bladder. D. An in situ carcinoma of the oral cavity that is located_in the epithelium. It is the most common cause of leukoplakia and associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,oral cavity carcinoma in situ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050610 1_1_ehv9szym,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'drainage ditch'?","A. Plastic which is composed primarily of polymers produced by processes whose agents do not include humans or their technologies. B. A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. C. A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. D. A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,drainage ditch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000140 1_1_n0p3wk34,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Frequency'?","A. A creative role in the production of a comic work. B. A type of page appearing in a comic document. C. A frequency with which a comic is published. D. A format in which a comic is embodied.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Frequency,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Frequency 1_1_h5akahx4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'oblique cartilage'?","A. Paired, elongate, ventrolaterally-orieted cartilaginous structures that extend to the premaxilla-maxilla articulation. B. Larval lower jaw lies anterior to Meckels cartilage. C. Semi-circular cartilaginous sheet that lies lateral to the side of the septum nasi. D. A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,oblique cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000329 1_1_4hyd2u4f,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'HIV epidemic'?","A. Epidemic of HIV infection. B. Epidemic of opioid use disorder C. Anatomical entity that has mass. D. A process involving widespread occurrence of a disease or disorder in a population.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,HIV epidemic,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000323 1_1_b4dx3vgq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'wrongfully convicted person'?","A. A person who has been convicted of a crime which they did not commit. B. A person who has been convicted of a crime or crimes. C. A person who was convicted of a crime and then was later officially declared innocent of that same crime. D. A person who had previously been convicted of a crime; i.e. an individual who has been convicted of a crime, but has been released from or has otherwise been deemed to have served an appropriate sentence related to that crime.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,wrongfully convicted person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010301 1_1_ewhxo98v,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual orientation desistance'?","A. Desistance from a sexual orientation identity which is nonheterosexual in nature; i.e. a person who formerly identified as gay identifies as heterosexual. More broadly, any desistance from any sexual orientation including heterosexuality. B. Cessation of a particular behavior or behaviors. C. Desistance from a gender identity considered transgender; i.e. a person assigned female at birth who formerly identified as male identifies as female. More broadly, any desistance of a particular gender identity. D. Subdivision of thorax, each instance of which is a regional part of the thorax.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual orientation desistance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003403 1_1_defhtzal,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neurofibromatosis'?","A. A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutations in genes that alter the Ras subfamily and mitogen-activated protein kinases that control signal transduction. B. This disease may be obsoleted in the future. Diseases previously classified as neurofibromatosis 2 (DOID:0111252) and neurofibromatosis 3 (DOID:0070480 and DOID:0070481) have been reclassified by international consensus as subclasses of schwannomatosis. For details refer to definition sources for neurofibromatosis 1 (DOID:0111253). C. A RASopathy that is characterized by macrocephaly, high forehead, wide-set eyes or hypertelorism, palpebral ptosis, and low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, pluckable, sparse, thin and slow-growing hair, frequent congenital heart defects, darkly pigmented skin with eczema or ichthyosis, short stature and developmental delay. D. A RASopathy characterized by craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac defects, mild mental retardation, and high birth weight followed by a failure to thrive and developmental delays.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,neurofibromatosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8712 1_1_44nkqmw8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'advertising sales agent'?","A. Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications, signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces. B. Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the secondary school level. C. Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims. D. Apply knowledge of health care and database management to analyze clinical data, and to identify and report trends.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,advertising sales agent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41301100 1_1_acnq3n67,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root cortex-endodermis initial cell'?","A. An initial cell that is part of a root apical meristem and by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains in the meristem, while the other is produces different root cells. B. A root initial cell that produces lateral root cap cells and root epidermis . C. A root initial cell that produces columella cells in the root cap . In direct contact with quiescent center . D. A root initial cell that produces root cortex and root endodermis . In direct contact with quiescent center .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root cortex-endodermis initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000060 1_1_pz9fmt7v,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy'?","A. Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. B. A therapy using a compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. C. They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. D. Therapy that inhibits HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000739 1_1_qjy49tsk,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'home appliance repairer'?","A. Repair, adjust, or install all types of electric or gas household appliances, such as refrigerators, washers, dryers, and ovens. B. Set up, operate, or tend paper goods machines that perform a variety of functions, such as converting, sawing, corrugating, banding, wrapping, boxing, stitching, forming, or sealing paper or paperboard sheets into products. C. Drive a school bus to transport students. Ensure adherence to safety rules. May assist students in boarding or exiting. D. Perform work involved in developing and processing photographic images from film or digital media. May perform precision tasks such as editing photographic negatives and prints.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,home appliance repairer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49903100 1_1_e17zp11f,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MHAS Data Policy'?","A. The GeneNetwork Conditions of Use describes the data licensing for the resource covered. Commercial and non-commercial use is allowed, though attribution is requested via either acknowledgement or co-authorship. Further restrictions on the bulk download of as-yet unpublished data is also described. (While mentioned in the document, software licensing is not the focus of this conditions of use and therefore is not modelled here.) B. The MHAS Data Policy is a vendor-specific license which requires that users attribute the data properly. The data is accessible free of charge to all commercial and non-commercial users. C. LOINC RELMA Terms of Use is a vendor license which allows all users to make use of the data for free, as long as the source of the data is properly attributed. An unlimited number of copies of the licensed material may be used. D. The SBGN Open License with Attribution is a very simple statement of openness for the SBGN standard and related resources available on its website. No one—not the principal investigators, nor the SBGN Editors, nor the members of the SBGN Scientific Committee, nor the funding agencies or anyone else—owns SBGN; it is a free and open community effort that extends beyond any single group, and they view themselves only as organizers and fellow developers.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MHAS Data Policy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000134 1_1_92qic74b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'KEGGSOAP'?","A. ChemMineR is an open source compound mining framework. It contains functions for atom descriptor calculation, structure similarity searching, clustering of compound libraries and various utilities for managing complex compound data. It also offers a wide range of visualization functions for compound clusters and chemical structures. The package is integrated with the online ChemMine environment and allows bidirectional communications between the two services. B. Tools for meta-analysis in the presence of hierarchical (and/or sampling) dependence, including with gene expression studies C. A package that provides a client interface to the KEGG SOAP server D. Routines for univariate and multivariate outlier detection with a focus on parametric methods, but support for some methods based on resistant statistics",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,KEGGSOAP,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000247 1_1_u5kwd3k6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'racial inequality'?","A. Inequality between different racial or ethnic groups. B. Inequality between different gender groups. C. A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute. D. Inequality in access to social or material resources.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,racial inequality,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001182 1_1_uip6ito8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'tabix file format'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. Tabix indexes a TAB-delimited genome position file and creates an index file when region is absent from the command-line. The input data file must be position sorted and compressed by bgzip which has a gzip like interface. After indexing, tabix is able to quickly retrieve data lines overlapping regions specified in the format ""chr:beginPos-endPos"". Fast data retrieval also works over network if URI is given as a file name and in this case the index file will be downloaded if it is not present locally.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,tabix file format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000070 1_1_dxqh3hka,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-methionine sulfoxide'?","A. The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). B. Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. C. A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. D. A protein modification that oxygenates an L-methionine residue to one of the diastereomeric L-methionine sulfoxide residues.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,L-methionine sulfoxide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOD_00719 1_1_1sbirnd5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneData Expressionist Analyst v4.0.5'?","A. COBRA (COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis Toolbox) includes implementations of many of the commonly used forms of constraint-based analysis such as FBA, gene deletions, flux variability analysis, sampling, and batch simulations together with tools to read in and manipulate constraint-based models. B. Genedata Expressionist® is an enterprise solution that integrates, stores and analyzes transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics data as well as a wide variety of phenotypic data. C. Analysis Software for Integrated Image Analysis for Spot Detection , Position and Quantification D. Seurat is an R package designed for QC, analysis, and exploration of single-cell RNA-seq data. Seurat aims to enable users to identify and interpret sources of heterogeneity from single-cell transcriptomic measurements, and to integrate diverse types of single-cell data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneData Expressionist Analyst v4.0.5,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000175 1_1_amqlrlkb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of sweet taste. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of sensory perception of sweet taste,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904657 1_1_kjoeyxj1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'palmitic acid-d31'?","A. An omega-hydroxy-long-chain fatty acid that is pentadecanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. B. A long-chain, divinyl ether fatty acid composed of 8-nonenoic acid in which the E-hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a (1E,3Z,6Z)-nona-1,3,6-trien-1-yloxy group. C. An epoxy fatty acid consisting of (4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid having an epoxy group at the 13,14-position. An intermediate lipid in specialized proresolving mediators D. A C16 straight-chain saturated fatty acid where the aliphatic hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium atoms.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,palmitic acid-d31,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_229583 1_1_c8qb7ibm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'history teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses in human history and historiography. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields. C. Teach courses in forestry and conservation science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Counsel and advise individuals and groups to promote optimum mental and emotional health, with an emphasis on prevention. May help individuals deal with a broad range of mental health issues, such as those associated with addictions and substance abuse; family, parenting, and marital problems; stress management; self-esteem; or aging.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"history teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25112500 1_1_jekzd84c,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other hypotension DP'?","A. A significant drop in blood pressure after assuming a standing position B. A decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values (pressures less than 90/60 are recognized as hypotensive) C. A decrease in systemic blood pressure below accepted low values (pressures less than 90/60 are recognized as hypotensive) D. A disorder characterized by a blood pressure that is below the normal expected for an individual in a given environment.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other hypotension DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000254 1_1_tw6jli8j,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'cancer progression stage IV'?","A. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth contained within normal tissue boundaries (e.g. carcinoma in situ). B. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends well beyond normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass. C. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to other distant tissues besides lymph nodes. D. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,cancer progression stage IV,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000139 1_1_yatesugs,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebellum structural organization'?","A. The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function. B. The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. C. The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound. D. The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of the optic cup. This process pertains to the physical shaping of the rudimentary structure.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cerebellum structural organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021589 1_1_y8vazqjy,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Retinal calcification'?","A. Deposition of calcium salts in the retina. B. Fluffy white patch on the retina, representing localized areas of dense white swelling of the retinal nerve fiber layer. They often have a zigzag internal structure, a feathered edge but an otherwise well-delineated form and an approximately 1 mm dimension; they project slightly into the vitreous and sometimes deflect retinal vessels. C. Drusen (singular, 'druse') are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material (lipofuscin) that build up in Bruch's membrane of the eye. D. Radiographic evidence of articular calcification that represent calcium pyrophosphate depositions in soft tissue surrounding joints and at the insertions of tendons near joints (Entheses/Sharpey fibers) .",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Retinal calcification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0007862 1_1_x0g14zyh,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Recurrent abscess formation'?","A. Increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of infection by opportunistic agents, i.e., by microorganisms that do not usually cause disease in a healthy host, but are able to infect a host with a compromised immune system. B. Repeated infections of the urinary tract. C. An increased susceptibility to abscess formation, as manifested by a medical history of recurrent abscesses. D. Inflammation of the tonsils that has occurred repeatedly. The definition of recurrent may vary somewhat, but the criteria used recently as a measure of severity were five or more episodes of true tonsillitis per year, symptoms recurring for at least a year, and episodes that are disabling and that prevent normal functioning. In some cases recurrent tonsillitis may be related to immunosusceptibility. Evidence exists for a genetic predisposition for recurrent tonsillitis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Recurrent abscess formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002722 1_1_uqc7frw0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis vape pen'?","A. A vaping device that is designed to be used for vaping cannabis. B. A cannabis vaping device part that is formed of disposable non-refillable cartridge which is attached to a device for the purpose of consuming cannabis. C. A cannabis vaping device which is large, usually mains powered and intended for use in one location. D. A cannabis vaping device that is shaped like a pen and consists of a battery, a container for cannabis or a cannabis extract, an atomiser to create cannabis vapour, and a mouthpiece.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis vape pen,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000813 1_1_u7au6kdh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'yesa'an'?","A. A cultural gender role in some Chumash communities involving persons who may be considered to be assigned male at birth. Henry notes that agí has been ""ranslated as homosexual, transvestite, and third gender… None of these concepts quite captures the social and mystical importance of the [agí], however"". B. A Mi'kmaq person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Maricopa gender categorization or role; persons are usually considered assigned male at birth and perform tasks and occupations generally associated with women. D. A Tulare Yokuts person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,yesa'an,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002073 1_1_jdrgiir6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'eriodictyol'?","A. A flavanone glycoside that is (+)-epitaxifolin substituted by an alpha-D-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3. B. A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (S)-naringenin substituted by an additional hydroxy group at position 6. C. A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively. D. A dihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 3', a methoxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 5'. Isolated from Erythrina latissima, it exhibits antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,eriodictyol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28412 1_1_c2kr6afx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'asphyxia and hypoxemia'?","A. conditions of the lng caused by outside agents B. Pneumonitis (noo-moe-NIE-tis) is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue C. A condition due to lack of oxygen in respired air due to inhaling too much carbon monoxide D. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,asphyxia and hypoxemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000531 1_1_3qggy3me,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:013'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:013,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000021 1_1_kk54atjs,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pivalyl-CoA mutase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose = 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose. B. Catalysis of the reaction: isobutyryl-CoA = butanoyl-CoA. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA = 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl-CoA. D. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group from one position to another within a single molecule.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pivalyl-CoA mutase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034784 1_1_3cxc5a7y,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'BPMN element'?","A. Intermediate Events occur between a Start Event and an End Event. It will affect the flow of the process, but will not start or (directly) terminate the process. B. Event Based Exclusive Gateway C. Exclusive Gateway D. Base element",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,BPMN element,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#BPMN_element 1_1_7n8nmic2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'postorgasmic illness syndrome'?","A. The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. B. Syndromes which occur around orgasm or are otherwise related to orgasm. C. A syndrome characterized by spontaneous orgasm triggered from the inside of the foot. D. A rare urogenital disease characterized by the appearance of flu-like symptoms (fever, extreme fatigue, myalgia, itchy burning eyes, nasal congestion/rhinorrhea), as well as mood changes, irritability and concentration, memory and attention difficulties, within a few minutes to a few hours after ejaculation. Symptoms disappear spontaneously 3-7 days after onset.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,postorgasmic illness syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006090 1_1_2wglsz4p,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior lateral line neuromast supporting cell'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the heart. B. Any neuromast support cell that is part of a anterior lateral line. C. Neuromast support cell is a non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells. D. Any neuromast support cell that is part of a posterior lateral line.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,posterior lateral line neuromast supporting cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000039 1_1_thsmiu7q,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation'?","A. Observe the good marketable qualities of tubers at storage B. Farmers observe the tolerance to hailstorm of the plant and rate it C. The reaction is estimated by observing visually the appearance of plants in response to Moth D. Observe the main color instensity of the tuber skin and rate it",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000511 1_1_jfjfc2r0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete interaction with host via substance in symbiont cell outer membrane'?","A. OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of aluminum ions within an organism or cell. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fonsecin. C. OBSOLETE. A protein complex that comprises Rix1p, Ipi1p and Ipi3p, and is required for processing of ITS2 sequences from 35S pre-rRNA. The Rix1 complex has been identified in budding yeast and fission yeast, and members of this complex are conserved in higher eukaryotes. D. OBSOLETE. An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance in the symbiont cell outer membrane - a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the symbiont cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete interaction with host via substance in symbiont cell outer membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044045 1_1_29y9inwq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ascofuranone(1-)'?","A. A phenolate anion obtained by deprotonation of the 7-hydroxy group of noreugenin. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). B. A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of ustilaginoidin A, obtained by deprotonation of the two hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 5'. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3. C. A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of ascofuranone resulting from the deprotonation of the 4-hydroxy group. Major species at pH 7.3. D. A benzoate anion resulting from the removal of protons from the phenolic hydroxy group and the carboxy group of 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorofluorescein.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ascofuranone(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_146160 1_1_swy4qeux,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot-borne root apical meristem'?","A. A root meristem located at the root tip , behind the root cap . B. A root apical meristem that gives rise to a shoot-borne root . C. A root apical meristem that gives rise to a primary root . D. A root apical meristem that gives rise to a lateral root .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot-borne root apical meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006021 1_1_16j2z78x,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'FOXO Family'?","A. A sub-family of the cysteine knot platelet-derived growth factor family. Members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family play a role in the promotion of embryonic vasculogenesis and the stimulation of angiogenesis during physiologic and pathologic processes. B. A family of highly-conserved proteins that are synthesized in response to hyperthermia (heat shock), hypoxia, or other stresses that appear to increase cellular thermal tolerance and enable cells to recover from stress. Some heat shock proteins may protect other proteins from denaturation, degradation or perform functions essential to cell survival under these conditions. C. A subfamily within the forkhead box (FOX) protein family, which is a family of transcription factors that contain a forkhead DNA-binding domain. FOXO proteins regulate apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, oxidative-stress resistance, and tumor suppression. The transcriptional promoter activity of these factors is regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and monoubiquitination. D. Small, soluble Synuclein Family proteins are a group of highly conserved post-transcriptionally modified Alpha, Beta, and Gamma proteins expressed primarily in neural tissue and often localized near synaptic vesicles. Synucleins may inhibit PLD2 and regulate vesicular transport. In the N-terminal portion, synucleins have a conserved repeated 11-residue amphipathic alpha-helical motif similar to the lipid-binding A2 domain of apolipoproteins. Synucleins also contain several repeated variations of a highly conserved KTKEGV domain, also present in rho family proteins. In brain, synucleins may be phosphorylated by Ca2+ calmodulin protein kinase II. Synucleins are overexpressed in breast carcinomas and mutations are associated with neurodegenerative illnesses.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,FOXO Family,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C118892 1_1_gd9ba1qy,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'thrombosis'?","A. A cardiovascular system disease that primarily affects the blood vessels which includes the arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood to and from the heart. B. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce anxiety. C. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist acting selectively on the alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor D. A vascular disease caused by the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,thrombosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060903 1_1_fof32qd2,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 11'?","A. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of delayed psychomotor development and other neurologic features associated with hypomyelination that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the POLR1C gene on chromosome 6p21. B. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by global developmental delay and neurologic deterioration that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ATP11A gene on chromosome 13q34. C. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of hypotonia, nystagmus, psychomotor developmental delay, and severe hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the HSPD1 gene on chromosome 2q33. D. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by horizontal nystagmus, hypotonia, and global developmental delay apparent soon after birth or in infancy. that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TMEM163 gene on chromosome 2q21.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 11,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060792 1_1_xj4twoyt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mortician, undertaker, or funeral arranger'?","A. Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction. B. Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners. C. Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions. D. Produce ultrasonic recordings of internal organs for use by physicians. Includes vascular technologists.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"mortician, undertaker, or funeral arranger",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39403100 1_1_mfepoewe,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male cohort'?","A. A cohort formed of individual LGBTQIA+ persons. B. A cohort formed of individual bisexual persons. C. A cohort formed of individual gay men. D. A cohort formed of individual transgender persons.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male cohort,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010497 1_1_1nn8hal3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'prechordal mesoderm'?","A. The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. B. An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. C. The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. D. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,prechordal mesoderm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0034878 1_1_b6bdr0km,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'cumulus'?","A. A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front. B. A stationary bank of cirriform cloud marking the upper portion of the system of lenticular clouds formed in the lee wave produced by flow across the Sudeten Mountains in southeastern Germany; a type of foehn cloud. C. A synoptic-scale cloud pattern frequently observed in satellite imagery just prior to the onset of cyclogenesis. D. A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of individual, detached elements that are generally dense and posses sharp nonfibrous outlines.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,cumulus,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/Cumulus 1_1_7nk377em,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kit-low, CD34-positive eosinophil progenitor cell'?","A. A lineage marker-negative, CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL3r-alpha-positive, IL5r-alpha-positive, and CD45RA-negative eosinophil progenitor cell. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. C. Any granulocytopoietic cell that has part some transcription factor PU.1 and has part some CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and has part some erythroid transcription factor and lacks plasma membrane part some CD19 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some CD4 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some integrin alpha-M and lacks plasma membrane part some CD3 epsilon and lacks plasma membrane part some neural cell adhesion molecule 1 and lacks plasma membrane part some CD2 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain and lacks plasma membrane part some membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 and lacks plasma membrane part some T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5 and lacks plasma membrane part some CD14 molecule and lacks plasma membrane part some lymphocyte antigen 6G and lacks plasma membrane part some lymphocyte antigen 76 (mouse) and has plasma membrane part some CD34 molecule and has plasma membrane part some ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 and has plasma membrane part some interleukin-3 receptor class 2 alpha chain and has plasma membrane part some interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha and has plasma membrane part some mast/stem cell growth factor receptor and is capable of some eosinophil differentiation. D. A lineage marker-negative, CD34-positive, IL5r-alpha-positive, and Sca1-negative eosinophil progenitor cell.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"Kit-low, CD34-positive eosinophil progenitor cell",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002007 1_1_wih8onsl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'dynamic Bayesian network model'?","A. A Dynamic Bayesian Network model is a Bayesian Network which relates variables to each other over adjacent time steps. B. Robust model-based clustering using a t-mixture model with Box-Cox transformation. Note: users should have GSL installed C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,dynamic Bayesian network model,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/algorithm/SWO_4000005 1_1_hk1kng9z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'benign mesothelioma'?","A. A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or ependymocytes). B. A cell type benign neoplasm that is primarily located in the kidneys but may be found in the lungs, liver or other organs and is derived from perivascular epithelioid cells. C. A cell type benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells. D. A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in mesothelium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,benign mesothelioma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2645 1_1_sij8szf3,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hectopascal'?","A. The angstrom is a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre. B. Unit of pressures often used in meteorology. One hectopascal is equivalent to one millibar; one standard atmosphere is exactly equal to 1013.25 hPa. One hectopascal corresponds to about 0.1% of atmospheric pressure near sea level (Wikipedia). C. A decibar is a unit pressure commonly used in oceanography because it's value is generally equivalent to depth in meters. 1 dbar = 0.1 bar = 10 kPa D. A millibar is a unit pressure commonly used in meterology. 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 0.1 kPa = 1 hPa (hectopascal)",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Hectopascal,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Hectopascal 1_1_whttcghm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'endoscopy technician'?","A. Maintain a sterile field to provide support for physicians and nurses during endoscopy procedures. Prepare and maintain instruments and equipment. May obtain specimens. B. Inspect, diagnose, adjust, or repair wind turbines. Perform maintenance on wind turbine equipment including resolving electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic malfunctions. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate gambling operations in a casino. May formulate house rules. D. Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing form. May sort, classify, and file forms.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,endoscopy technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_31909902 1_1_ic9d7j2p,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'arch of aorta'?","A. The convex portion of the aorta between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; branches from it include the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery; the brachiocephalic trunk further splits to form the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery. B. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 6 plus the associated metapodial element. C. The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta in a two-pass circulatory system that lies between the heart and the arch of aorta[GO]. A portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart's axis, as high as the upper border of the second right costal cartilage, describing a slight curve in its course, and being situated, about 6 cm behind the posterior surface of the sternum. The total length is about 5 cm in length [Wikipedia]. D. The part of the aorta that extends from the origin at the heart to the diaphragm, and from which arises numerous branches that supply oxygenated blood to the chest cage and the organs within the chest.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,arch of aorta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001508 1_1_qtotxy5o,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'trajectory'?","A. The derivative of temperature. B. A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death. C. An unstable wave in a system of two homogeneous fluids with a velocity discontinuity at the interface. D. Curve in space tracing the points successivley occupied by a particle in motion",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,trajectory,http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Trajectory 1_1_gqbw6i3c,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem juice sugar content'?","A. Grain weight after decortication. B. Sugar content in sorghum stem juice. C. Main shoot stem acid detergent fiber content of dry matter. This fraction contains lignins, cellulose, silica and insoluble forms of nitrogen but not hemicellulose. D. Main shoot stem In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem juice sugar content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000196 1_1_gi5w3rbv,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'audio file'?","A. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation B. Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network D. An audio file, which may be available on a local file system or through http, ftp, etc.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,audio file,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/AudioFile 1_1_evf0onr9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemical equipment operator or tender'?","A. Operate or tend equipment to control chemical changes or reactions in the processing of industrial or consumer products. Equipment used includes devulcanizers, steam-jacketed kettles, and reactor vessels. B. Place and detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials. May perform specialized handling, storage, and accounting procedures. C. Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. D. Apply a mixture of cement, sand, pigment, or marble chips to floors, stairways, and cabinet fixtures to fashion durable and decorative surfaces.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,chemical equipment operator or tender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51901100 1_1_ynqx39sz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arm proper'?","A. Segment of arm in the shoulder region. B. Segment of arm between shoulder and the elbow. C. Segment of arm in the elbow region. D. Peripheral nerve, each instance of which consists of nerve fibers from some second and third cervical spinal nerves, and supplies skin over some parotid gland, mastoid process and surface of outer ear.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Arm proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma300128 1_1_exxuoh8n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of tooth mineralization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral tissue development, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of tooth mineralization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070170 1_1_5xaymb1v,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pentarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has more than five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has two protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of exarch protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the root system progresses centripedally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pentarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025562 1_1_f9lz308v,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization'?","A. A package that implements some simple capabilities for representing and manipulating hypergraphs. B. The aCGH package functions for reading data from image analysis output files and clone information files, creation of aCGH S3 objects for storing these data. Basic methods for accessing/replacing, subsetting, printing and plotting aCGH objects. C. Background adjustment using sequence information D. A collection of software tools for dealing with co-citation data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000450 1_1_26i6lpav,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sclerotic vertebral body'?","A. An abnormality of one or more of the vertebrae. B. Abnormal morphology of vertebral body. C. Increase in bone density of the vertebral body. D. An abnormal magnetic resonance tomography signal from a vertebral endplate according to a widely used classification published by Dr. Michael Modic.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Sclerotic vertebral body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100861 1_1_btei1ltk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed diameter'?","A. Seed diameter of fully dried seed B. Number of tertiary branches per plant C. Ratio of Root Dry weight to that of the whole plant dry weight D. Number of basal primary branches per plant",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed diameter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000055 1_1_8hy3a59k,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased CSF L-alloisoleucine concentration'?","A. An abnormally increased concentration of N-acetylaspartic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). B. An abnormally increased concentration of L-alloisoleucine in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). C. Abnormal concentration of a pterin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). D. The concentration of apolipoprotein B in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is above the upper limit of normal.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased CSF L-alloisoleucine concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034462 1_1_53647ywy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'OLINgui'?","A. This package provides mechanisms for automatic function prototyping and exposure of R functionality in a web services environment. B. Conducts pathway analysis by calculating the NT_k and NE_k statistics C. Graphical user interface for the OLIN package D. The package implements a method for normalising microarray intensities, both between colours within array, and between arrays. The method uses a robust variant of the maximum-likelihood estimator for the stochastic model of microarray data described in the references",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,OLINgui,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000309 1_1_3qx5gbup,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinal vasculitis'?","A. A vasculitis that is characterized by inflammation of the vascular branches of the retinal artery and has_symptom painless decrease of visual acuity, visual floaters, dark spot in vision, decreased ability to distinguish colors, and distortion of images such as linear images. B. A vasculitis that is characterized by inflammation of blood vessel walls in the brain or spine. C. A vasculitis with purpuric ulcers. D. A vasculitis that is characterized by necrotizing inflammation of medium or small arteries.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinal vasculitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11563 1_1_gdh34kpv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Category'?","A. Functions that are needed by many other packages or which replace R functions B. This package provides enhancements on the Sweave() function in the base package. In particular a facility for caching code chunk results is included. C. This package uses functions of various other packages together with other functions in a coordinated way to handle and analyse cDNA microarray data D. A collection of tools for performing category analysis.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Category,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100062 1_1_jp3se4a1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'wet macroburst'?","A. A macroburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. B. An aquatic environment which is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. C. A downburst during which high winds occur over an area larger than four kilometres in diameter. D. A macroburst during which no or very little rain is generated.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,wet macroburst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001753 1_1_5bjyp8ps,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'JPEG 2000'?","A. A raster image is a format for representing a rectangular grid of dots (pixels) which contains information on the specific colour of each pixel. B. The BMP File Format is a Raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter). C. JPEG 2000 is a compression standard enabling both lossless and lossy storage. The compression methods used are different from the ones in standard JFIF/JPEG; they improve quality and compression ratios, but also require more computational power to process. [wikipedia] D. The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is a bitmap image format. The format supports up to 8 bits per pixel thus allowing a single image to reference a palette of up to 256 distinct colors. The colors are chosen from the 24-bit RGB color space. It also supports animations and allows a separate palette of 256 colors for each frame. The color limitation makes the GIF format unsuitable for reproducing color photographs and other images with continuous color, but it is well-suited for simpler images such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color. [wikipedia]",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,JPEG 2000,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000029 1_1_lb8tcp5c,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type Assignment'?","A. This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions, and concepts. This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of “determination,” i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality. An instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as ""carbon-14 dating"" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query. Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for) should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period. The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement, or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that is relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E17 Type Assignment,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E17_Type_Assignment 1_1_a1mqmht2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hepatic reticuloendothelial system cell iron deposition'?","A. Abnormal accumulation of iron in reticuloendothelial cells of the liver. This feature can be appreciated on liver biopsy by Perls iron stain for granular iron deposition, based on agreement that only discernible hemosiderin granules represent significant iron deposition. B. Weakness of both lower extremities with sparing of the upper extremities. Paraplegia refers to a severe or complete loss of strength, whereas paraparesis refers to a relatively mild loss of strength. C. An increased level of iron in liver tissues. D. Shortening of the middle parts of the arm in relation to the upper and terminal segments.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hepatic reticuloendothelial system cell iron deposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000713 1_1_han9ty1k,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of Radopholus similis per soil sample'?","A. The average of how many adult banana weevils caught per trap. B. The percentage of all roots in a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant that are functional. C. Number of Radopholus similis in soil D. The number of leaves attached to the plant that have an erect petiole (not bent or broken).",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of Radopholus similis per soil sample,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000522 1_1_aj7n291j,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'gemifloxacin mesylate'?","A. The dimethanesulfonate salt of almitrine. B. The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin. C. A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of lenvatinib with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine. D. A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,gemifloxacin mesylate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53749 1_1_6v930p7c,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethnic pluralism'?","A. A macromolecule composed of repeating -CHR-CH2- units. B. A term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider dominant culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society. C. A type of pluralism in which various ethnic groups collaborate and enter into a dialogue with one another without having to sacrifice their particular identities. It can describe a mixed ethnic community area where multiple cultural traditions exist (such as New York City) or a single country within which they do (such as Switzerland, Belgium or Russia). D. A political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which permits the peaceful coexistence of different interests, identities, convictions, and ways of living.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ethnic pluralism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007597 1_1_d8wmrltp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focal aware emotional seizure with agitation'?","A. Focal emotional seizure with agitation is characterized by the presence of psychomotor agitation as an expressed or observed emotion, at the outset of the seizure. Because of the unpleasant nature of these seizures, patients may also have anticipatory anxiety about having seizures. B. Focal emotional seizure with anxiety, fear or panic as an expressed or observed emotion at the outset of the seizure, in which awareness is retained throughout. C. Focal emotional seizure with pleasure in which awareness is retained throughout. D. Focal emotional seizure with agitation in which awareness is retained throughout.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Focal aware emotional seizure with agitation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032744 1_1_l1q10pwx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'optical quality'?","A. An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. B. A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. C. An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. D. An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,optical quality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001300 1_1_2odrkb5r,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'asexuality-related television episode'?","A. Television episodes pertaining especially to asexual persons and/or culture. B. Television episodes pertaining especially to intersex persons and/or culture. C. Television episodes pertaining especially to transgender persons and/or transgender culture. D. Television episodes pertaining especially to LGBTQIA+ persons and/or culture.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,asexuality-related television episode,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005534 1_1_tjkx1wkf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ensemble specification'?","A. A planned process that produces output data from input data. B. A single generalization specification is a generalization specification and denotes a type of generalization that is produced by a single generalization data mining algorithm. This algorithm produces only one generalization at its output. C. Generalization specification of a directive informational entity class that specifies the type of generalization. It includes information about the types of data used to produced the generalization and the language in which the generalization is expressed. D. A ensemble of generalizations specification is a generalization specification and denotes a type of generalization that is produced by a ensemble algorithm. This algorithm produces a set of generalizations at its output.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ensemble specification,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_000037 1_1_gazkf00s,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome substomatal cavity'?","A. A substomatal cavity that is part of a phyllome. B. An intercellular space that is located directly below and contiguous with a stomatal pore. C. A shoot system that has as parts a short, enlarged stem in which the shoot internodes do not elongate, and one or more buds . D. A phyllome substomatal cavity that is part of a leaf mesophyll.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome substomatal cavity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025398 1_1_1v39jp18,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 12'?","A. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is characterized by adult onset of slowly progressive limb muscle weakness and atrophy resulting in gait difficulties, loss of ambulation, and distal upper limb weakness and that has_material_basis_in a heterozygous trinucleotide repeat expansion (CGG) in the 5-prime untranslated region of the LRP12 gene on chromosome 8q22. B. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the OPTN gene on chromosome 10. C. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the FUS gene on chromosome 16. D. A frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in CHMP2B on 3p11.2.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060203 1_1_yrwiyb2g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'FastQC'?","A. Chromeleon software provides full integration of Thermo Scientific gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS), and ion chromatography (IC-MS) instruments. B. FastQC aims to provide a simple way to do some quality control checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. It provides a modular set of analyses which you can use to give a quick impression of whether your data has any problems of which you should be aware before doing any further analysis. C. The Eclipse IDE D. The background intensity data from the spot quantification programs may be used to correct spot intensity. This software measures background globally as: BGLow (low background), BGAvg (Average background), BGRms (root mean square background).",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,FastQC,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100144 1_1_6vq9swpu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'plutonic rock'?","A. Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. B. An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. C. A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. D. Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,plutonic rock,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002014 1_1_mbc21hm2,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial instrument'?","A. written contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability of another entity B. Contract setting out the terms under which some investor invests in the entity and setting out the rights which are conferred on that investor. C. contract between named parties that outlines the terms and conditions designed to apply to a number of accounts, transactions, or other activities between the parties, and that consolidates and provides overarching terms for separate but related agreements D. financial instrument used for the purposes of currency trading",A,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,financial instrument,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstrument 1_1_h3c5u3ip,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'M cone cell'?","A. A cone cell that detects short wavelength light. Exact peak of spectra detected differs between species. In humans, spectra peaks at 420-440 nm. B. A cone cell that detects long wavelength light. Exact peak of spectra detected differs between species. In humans, spectra peaks at 564-580 nm. C. A cone whose sensitivity measurements have an average spectral peak of 510 nm. These cones are described in rat. D. A cone cell that detects medium wavelength light. Exact peak of spectra detected differs between species. In humans, spectra peaks at 534-545 nm.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,M cone cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0003049 1_1_rvfjtlam,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'standardized mortality ratio'?","A. A data item that is about the amount of harm to health caused by an individual using a product relative to other products. B. A data item that is about the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption of a person. C. A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement. D. A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,standardized mortality ratio,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000150 1_1_5m1s9g9o,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'religious worker, all other'?","A. All religious workers not listed separately. B. Design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource issues such as supply, quality, and regulatory compliance issues. C. Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, administrative, or auxiliary activities of kindergarten, elementary, or secondary schools.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"religious worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21209900 1_1_n2g3kf5c,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gene Expression Atlas at EBI R statistics package'?","A. StavroX software identifies cross-linked peptides. B. R package for producing statistics that populate the Gene Expression Atlas. https://github.com/gxa/gxa/blob/develop/atlas-analytics/src/main/resources/R/analytics.R C. Versarray ChipReader systems are highly sensitive laser confocal systems designed for rapid imaging of microarrays. These are advanced scanners that meet your expectations, differentiating between a spot response and background level, and optimizing the signal on the bottom as well as the top end of the range for increased sensitivity. Results with versarray chipreader systems have a low background, enhanced weak signal detection, and virtually no photobleaching for a long dye lifetime. D. Statistical Analysis with a number of procedures, providing statistical information such as analysis of variance, regression, multivariate analysis, and categorical data analysis.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Gene Expression Atlas at EBI R statistics package,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000090 1_1_0d7ir2vt,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'galactonate metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,galactonate metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019583 1_1_fqeov67v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory tract'?","A. An section of a respiratory tract. B. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. D. Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,respiratory tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065 1_1_5y5sewxp,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterolateral head of lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle'?","A. Region of lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle which is attached to the lateral wall of left ventricle. B. Papillary muscle of left ventricle which has as its parts the posteromedial and anterior heads of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle and is continuous with the inferior wall of left ventricle.. C. Synovial tendon sheath of toe, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some little toe. D. Region of lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle which is attached to the posterior leaflet of mitral valve through the chorda tendinea of left ventricle and to the inferior wall of left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterolateral head of lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7265 1_1_c9z4cevt,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf vein color'?","A. Pigmentation of the leaf-vein. B. Total leaf weight without flag leaf weight. C. Length of the main stem. D. Internode length. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf vein color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000056 1_1_vrqi0glt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cholesteryl 6-O-myristoyl-alpha-D-glucoside'?","A. A steroid glycoside in which the steroid component is cholesterol. B. A cholesteryl glycoside having any 6-O-acyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl substituent attached at position 3 of cholesterol via a glycosidic linkage. C. A cholesteryl glycoside having a 6-O-acyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 3 of cholesterol via a glycosidic linkage. D. A cholesteryl glycoside in which cholesterol is linked glycosidically via its 3-hydroxy group to 6-O-myristoyl-alpha-D-glucose. Produced naturally by Helicobacter pylori, a bacteria that colonizes the stomach and which is associated with protection against asthma, it is also chemically synthesized as PI57.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cholesteryl 6-O-myristoyl-alpha-D-glucoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83549 1_1_e4etjzd7,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'telomerase catalytic core complex'?","A. A protein complex which is capable of adenylyltransferase activity. B. The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. C. A protein complex having creatine kinase activity. D. A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,telomerase catalytic core complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000333 1_1_v6nqr79j,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'polycythemia'?","A. A polycythemia that has_material_basis_in factors intrinsic to red cell precursors. B. A bone marrow disease characterized by an increased number of red blood cells in the bloodstream resulting in thicker blood and reduced blood flow. C. A hematopoietic system disease that is located_in the bone marrow. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months of life of refractory seizures, severe axial hypotonia, and profoundly impaired psychomotor development that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the WWOX gene on chromosome 16q23.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,polycythemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8432 1_1_0mwfgt97,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Activity'?","A. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. B. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. C. Signal, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. Transaction, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Sub-Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Activity,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#activity 1_1_zs3cl7ig,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Acute tonsillitis'?","A. An acute URI is a contagious infection of your upper respiratory tract. Your upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi. B. An inflammation of the two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat. C. Pharyngitis, or acute pharyngitis, is an inflammation of the back of the throat, otherwise known as the pharynx. The condition generally causes pain and a sensation of scratchiness in the region of the throat, as well as difficulty swallowing. The condition is typically referred to as a sore throat. D. Laryngitis may cause sore throat and hoarse voice but can also be associated with tracheitis and even bronchiolitis as the pathogen, infection, and host responses move further down the respiratory tree.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Acute tonsillitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000166 1_1_j1549j51,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 1 phalanx'?","A. A proximal phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. B. A middle phalanx that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. C. A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 1 [Automatically generated definition]. D. A phalanx that is part of a hand digit 4 [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,manual digit 1 phalanx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003620 1_1_n1p9t30y,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044487 1_1_jh61txf4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Emphysema, unspecified'?","A. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. B. Renal cell carcinoma is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport waste molecules from the blood to the urine. C. Actions done to prevent a disease or to relieve a symptom i.e.: Surgery to remove blood clots D. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Emphysema, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000207 1_1_ju6ttrsq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'laminar sublayer'?","A. A layer in which the fluid undergoes smooth, nonturbulent flow. It is found between any surface and a turbulent layer above. See laminar boundary layer, laminar flow. B. A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines. C. A natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog. D. An interfacial region in which flow is smooth and nonturbulent. Above a surface, a laminar layer will develop and fluid velocity will increase with distance from the surface, but not indefinitely. At some point, flow will become turbulent, with the laminar sublayer separating the turbulent layer from the surface. In the real world, most laminar boundary layers are extremely thin (order of 1 mm), but can be of biological importance, for example, next to plant leaves or as invertebrate refuges in streams.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,laminar sublayer,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidDynamics/LaminarSublayer 1_1_c54w8m8y,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'allergy'?","A. An allergy that is primarily located in the gastrointestinal tract. B. An immune response that occurs following re-exposure to an innocuous antigen, and that requires the presence of existing antibodies against that antigen. This response involves the binding of IgE to mast cells, and may worsen with repeated exposures. C. Immunological states where the immune system produces harmful responses upon reexposure to sensitising antigens. D. Decreased libido considered nonnormative or unhealthy.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011756 1_1_3p6fzrl0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'leukotriene'?","A. A class of fatty acids derived from the oxidation of one of three 20-carbon fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), or dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). Eicosanoids act locally as autocrine or paracrine hormones to modulate a wide variety of biological processes. B. Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone. C. Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. D. Any icosanoid from that family of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives generated by leukocytes from arachidonic acid, each member having four double bonds of which three are conjugated.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,leukotriene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25029 1_1_7mof6grt,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Round ligament of uterus'?","A. Nonskeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibromuscular band that is attached to some uterus near the attachment of some uterine tube, passing then within the anterior lamina of some broad ligament, out through some deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial inguinal ring to attach to the inner aspect of the skin of some labium majus. B. Nonskeletal ligament, each instance of which is a band of fasciculi from fatty capsule of some kidney, which connects some right kidney to posterior wall of some ascending colon and some left kidney to posterior wall of some descending colon. C. Nonskeletal ligament, each instance of which is a thickened area of contact between some Tenon capsule and sheaths of some inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. D. Ligament organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi which may be admixed with smooth muscle. Examples: ligament of liver, ovarian ligament.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Round ligament of uterus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20420 1_1_6bxd7o8z,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051155 1_1_3zed5l2e,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol consumption'?","A. A substance use behaviour that involves drinking an alcohol-containing product. B. Alcohol consumption in which the person consuming an alcohol-containing product does so with no-one else present in the same location. C. Alcohol consumption by an adolescent. D. A substance use behaviour that involves ingesting constituents of a tobacco-containing product.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol consumption,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050376 1_1_ndzgkiob,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ancient Roman religion'?","A. A religious and esoteric tradition based primarily upon writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus (""thrice-greatest Hermes""). B. The ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety (pietas) in maintaining good relations with the gods. The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists. C. The collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or ""cults"" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities. D. A collection of religious ideas and systems which originated in the first century AD among early Christian and Jewish sects. These various groups emphasised personal spiritual knowledge (gnosis) over the orthodox teachings, traditions, and authority of the church. Viewing material existence as flawed or evil, Gnostic cosmogony generally presents a distinction between a supreme, hidden God and a malevolent lesser divinity (sometimes associated with the Yahweh of the Old Testament) who is responsible for creating the material universe. Gnostics considered the principal element of salvation to be direct knowledge of the supreme divinity in the form of mystical or esoteric insight. Many Gnostic texts deal not in concepts of sin and repentance, but with illusion and enlightenment.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Ancient Roman religion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009683 1_1_xepbynan,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of pro-T cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000175 1_1_aq0mgwdz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'clock'?","A. A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. B. A manufactured product which positions a piece of equipment above a surface. C. A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. D. A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,clock,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000596 1_1_114anfw0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mediastinum'?","A. Zone of neck of scapula, each instance of which is a roughened area, inferior to the glenoid cavity of some scapula, that gives origin to the long head of some triceps brachii muscle. B. Flat bone, each instance of which is some flat bone forming the middle of the anterior part of some rib cage. C. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. D. Subdivsion of thoracic compartment which has as its parts the superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Mediastinum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9826 1_1_85kuwmgh,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'main release ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. B. An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. C. An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. D. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,main release ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000003 1_1_jyxkyngq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'GABAnergic interplexiform cell'?","A. A type of interneuron in the retinal inner nuclear layer which carries information from the inner plexiform layer and the outer plexiform layer using GABA. B. Any GABAergic interneuron that has its soma located in some cerebellar cortex. C. A GABAergic interneuron whose soma is located in the cerebral cortex. D. An interneuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter. These interneurons are inhibitory",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,GABAnergic interplexiform cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011106 1_1_6ejzpnfx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3,6-dichloropyridine-2,5-dione'?","A. A pyridone that is pyridin-2(1H)-one substituted by chloro groups at positions 3, 5 and 6. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical chlorpyrifos. B. A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-amino-3-chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 6. It is a herbicide used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in cereals and oilseed rape. C. A pyridone that is pyridine-2,5-dione which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by chloro groups. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical, chlorpyrifos. D. An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3,6-dichloropyridine-2,5-dione",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144868 1_1_ea393ysw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Network of trabecular spaces in bone tissue'?","A. Nonskeletal ligament, each instance of which is a thickened area of contact between some Tenon capsule and sheaths of some inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. B. Structural anatomical relation which describes the location, orientation and connectivity of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical location, anatomical orientation, anatomical connectivity. C. Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of columnar cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, epithelium of lactiferous sinus. D. Tissue cavity consisting of intercommunicating trabecular spaces in the cancellous bone.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Network of trabecular spaces in bone tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma259332 1_1_wslwono1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Neural networks models'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Neural networks models,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000633 1_1_end8cd3f,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chronic calcifying pancreatitis'?","A. A chronic form of pancreatitis. B. The presence of inflammation in the pancreas. C. A form of chronic pancreatitis that is characterized by calcification. D. A acute form of pancreatitis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Chronic calcifying pancreatitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005236 1_1_xdognbw9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'NFAT protein'?","A. A family of protein growth factors produced by the nervous system and peripheral target tissues. These proteins are critical for development, growth, regeneration, survival, and differentiation of neurons. B. A protein that is produced as the result of proteolytic processing of a longer protein. C. A protein that contains a Rel homology domain (RHD) (Pfam:PF00554) followed by an IPT/TIG domain (Pfam:PF01833). D. A protein that is a translation product of the human APP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,NFAT protein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000003112 1_1_po7su8yd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ISG15 ligase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the transfer of URM1 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-URM1 + S = X + S-URM1, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-URM1 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-URM1 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of URM1 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. B. Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 family modifier to phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine on a membrane. C. Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. D. Catalysis of the transfer of Pup to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Pup + S = X + S-Pup, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Pup linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Pup linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ISG15 ligase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061662 1_1_jyc8wubj,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'embolism and thrombosis of superficial veins of lower extremities'?","A. Diseases of the lymphatic system, a network of tissues and organs. B. Lymph nodes in one particular area of the body swell up C. a condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs. D. when a blood clot develops in a blood vessel of the lower extremities and becomes stuck, obstructing blood flow",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,embolism and thrombosis of superficial veins of lower extremities,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000569 1_1_qayktap5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:094'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:094,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000055 1_1_iz0a39aj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunoglobulin alpha deficiency'?","A. A B cell deficiency that is characterized by deficiency of an immunoglobulin subtype. The clinical course and prognosis is dependent upon the severity of the selective deficiency and associated morbidity. B. A B cell deficiency that is an autosomal recessive disorder that has_material_basis_in mutation in the IgA (CD79 alpha) antigen receptor. C. A B cell deficiency that has_material_basis_in mutations in the IGLL1 gene. Lambda 5 mutations can cause a block in B cell development at the transition between the pro-B cell and the pre-B cell stage. D. A primary immunnodeficiency disease that is caused by a lack of infection-fighting antibody producing B cells (immunoglobulins) or B cells that are not functioning properly.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunoglobulin alpha deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060025 1_1_ppxmdtdd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'dAMP phosphorylation'?","A. The process of introducing a phosphate group into dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate, to produce dADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dATP. B. The process of introducing a phosphate group into dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate, to produce dCDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces dCTP. C. The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside. D. The process of introducing a phosphate group into CMP, cytidine monophosphate, to produce CDP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces CTP.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,dAMP phosphorylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061565 1_1_uirceo0a,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Assignment'?","A. There are two ways of grouping the primary modeling elements through ""swimlane"": Pools and Lanes B. Object, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. C. Exclusive Gateway D. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Assignment,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#assignment 1_1_nc0xfmf3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'basalt'?","A. A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] B. Basalt is the most common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey. On Earth, most basalt magmas have formed by decompression melting of the mantle. [Wikipedia] C. One of three basic types of flow lava. Aa is basaltic lava characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks called clinker. [Wikipedia] D. Obsidian, a type of quenched lava, is a silicic black volcanic glass [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,basalt,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Basalt 1_1_wkfmkd0g,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'sustained release drug'?","A. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of nicotine consumption. B. A drug attribute which describes the process by which a drug is released into the blood stream at a predetermined rate to maintain a specific drug concentration over a period of time. C. A quality or disposition of a product. D. A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,sustained release drug,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000298 1_1_ar7x6hzo,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of amino acid transport'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of amino acid transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051957 1_1_nwpzvk0t,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Patchy sclerosis of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger'?","A. Triangular shaped middle phalanx of the 4th (ring) finger. A triangular or so called delta shaped phalanx is a typical result after a bracket epiphysis of the affected phalanx. B. Uneven (irregular) increase in bone density of the middle phalanx of the second finger. C. Uneven (irregular) increase in bone density of the middle phalanx of the fourth finger. D. Partial or complete duplication of the middle phalanx of ring finger.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Patchy sclerosis of the middle phalanx of the 4th finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009307 1_1_wttafvkb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'urinary tract infection DP'?","A. the unirary tract is infected and cannot function properly B. An acute infection of the bladder C. Genitourinary disease involves disorders of the genital and urinary organs. These organs are involved in reproduction and urination D. A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of renal insufficiency.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,urinary tract infection DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000275 1_1_voyhf5wu,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE)'?","A. binning clustering method- The algorithm uses single-linkage clustering to join compounds into similarity groups, where every member in a cluster shares with at least one other member a similarity value above a user-specified threshold. The algorithm is optimized for speed and memory eciency by avoiding the calculation of an all-against-all distance matrix. B. Classical multivariate analysis-of-variance tests perform poorly in cases with several highly correlated responses and the tests collapse when the number of responses exceeds the number of observations. This paper presents a new method which handles this problem. The dimensionality of the data is reduced by using principal component decompositions and the final tests are still based on the classical test statistics and their distributions. The methodology is illustrated with an example from the production of sausages with responses from near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. A closely related method for testing relationships in uniresponse regression with collinear explanatory variables is also presented. The new test, which is called the 50-50 F-test, uses the first k components to calculate SSMODEL. The next d components are not involved in SSERROR and they are called buffer components. C. for the Support Vector Machine (SVM), as presented in [3] and the Nearest Shrunken Centroid (NSC) D. Included are summarisation, differential expression detection, clustering and PCA methods, together with useful plotting and data manipulation functions",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE),http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000337 1_1_2xzgh992,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of dysprosium in snow'?","A. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in freshwater. B. The concentration of dysprosium when measured in snow. C. The concentration of silver when measured in water ice. D. The concentration of potassium molecular entity when measured in soil.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of dysprosium in snow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200043 1_1_6bqe65b7,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic molecule'?","A. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases. B. A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure. C. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. D. A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organic molecule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72695 1_1_q944mc8p,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fabric or apparel patternmaker'?","A. Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for castings. B. Draw and construct sets of precision master fabric patterns or layouts. May also mark and cut fabrics and apparel. C. Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. D. Manage operations at geothermal power generation facilities. Maintain and monitor geothermal plant equipment for efficient and safe plant operations.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,fabric or apparel patternmaker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51609200 1_1_t4horwfw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'phenols'?","A. An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system. B. Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. C. Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. D. Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,phenols,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33853 1_1_bnc0m4mp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'choledochal cyst'?","A. A bile duct disease characterized by cystic dilation of one or more extrahepatic or intrahepatic bile ducts. B. A bile duct disease that is characterized by where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum. C. A bile duct disease that is located_in the common bile duct. D. A biliary tract disease located_in one or more bile ducts.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,choledochal cyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_899 1_1_bq183eb0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Regulatory T cell'?","A. Anatomical cavity, which is surrounded by a morphological subdivision of an organ; is continuous with other organ cavity subdivisions of the same organ; together with other organ cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the organ cavity. Examples: lumen of pyloric antrum, lumen of bronchus, cavity of alveolar sac. B. Formerly known as ""Suppressor T lymphocyte"". C. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the ileum. D. Dense irregular connective tissue of the skin that consists of fibroblasts, various connective tissue cell types, and collagen, predominantly type III.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Regulatory T cell,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84070 1_1_2izzwkp1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Maltose content - Method'?","A. Measure the content of fiber and record it B. Measure the content of protein and record it C. Measure the Canopy temperature using Unanmed Areial Vehicle and record it D. Measure the content of glucose in fresh weight basis of tuber obtained by method Accu-check through glucose test strip with Glucometer (Accu-check) and record it",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Maltose content - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000446 1_1_ynah7pji,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'swamp'?","A. A swamp is a wetland that features temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, and covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation.The water of a swamp may be fresh water or salt water. A swamp is also generally defined as having no substantial peat deposits. B. In geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous inundation. Typically a marsh features grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. A marsh is different from a swamp, which has a greater proportion of open water surface, and is generally deeper than a marsh. In North America, the term swamp is used for wetland dominated by trees rather than grasses and low herbs C. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands, variously called bogs, moors, muskegs, pocosins, mires, and peat swamp forests D. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,swamp,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/Swamp 1_1_ocvpnp5h,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adult onset demyelinating leukodystrophy'?","A. A leukodystrophy that is characterized by central nervous system demyelination, leading to autonomic dysfunction, ataxia and mild cognitive impairment. B. A leukodystrophy characterized by variable neurologic features resulting from deficiency in astrocyte maturation, including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, and cognitive impairment associated with white matter lesions on brain imaging with onset from early infancy to adulthood. C. A leukodystrophy characterized by recurrent subcortical ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment. D. An leukodystrophy characterized by loss of motor and cognitive skills, usually with onset in young adulthood, that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the AARS2 gene on chromosome 6p21.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,adult onset demyelinating leukodystrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051015 1_1_r3vff4dv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reaction to Other insects'?","A. The reaction of the plant to Striped sweet potato weevil B. The pest damage tolerant of the plant C. The reaction of the plant to Bacterial stem and root rot D. The reaction of the plant to Other insects",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Reaction to Other insects,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000370 1_1_py3brz08,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evaluative_Proposition'?","A. Some thing which is evaluatively qualified, i.e. an evaluation applies to the proposition, the proposition is judged. The proposition is comparable to some other proposition. B. An expression is a proposition beared by some medium, e.g. a document, and is stated by some communicated attitude C. A (non logical) proposition is a proposition qualified by a propositional attitude. NB: The proposition used here does not correspond to a proposition in proposition logics. D. Observation and/or statement, used as a backing for a belief. Evidence is the role of observation which is qualified by some belief.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Evaluative_Proposition,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Evaluative_Proposition 1_1_jf049aiv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sulfone'?","A. An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. B. An organosulfur compound having the structure RS(=O)2R (R =/= H). C. A member of the class of isoxazoles that is isoxazole which is substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by phenyl, p-sulfamoylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor, it used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of arthritis from 2001 until 2005, when it was withdrawn following concerns of an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke. D. A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sulfone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35850 1_1_2sg7424x,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete_FASTA'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. Equivalence with EDAM term format_1929. Please use this term instead. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete_FASTA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000142 1_1_0x7i5s4a,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute respiratory failure with hypoxia'?","A. acute respiratory failure where a portion of the body is hypoxemic (not enough oxygen, normal CO2 levels) B. acute respiratory failure, unsure if it is hypoxemic (not enough oxygen, normal CO2 levels) or hypercapnic (too much CO2, oxygen normal or too low) C. occurs when fluid builds up in air sacs of lungs D. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute respiratory failure with hypoxia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000217 1_1_doidsp77,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'visibility'?","A. Are neighboring ridges on different tectonic plates which have similar seismic characteristics. ‘Based on similar seismic velocity gradients of the lavas of the Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelos Ridges there is evidence that the hotspot activity has been the result of a single long mantle melt rather than multiple periods of activity and dormancy.’ [Wikipedia] B. Fluvial is used in geography and earth science to refer to the processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them [Wikipedia] C. A subset of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) that exhibit a large, circular (as observed by satellite), long-lived, cold cloud shield. Alternatively, a dynamical definition of an MCC requires that the system have a Rossby number of order 1 and exhibit a horizontal scale comparable to the Rossby radius of deformation. In midlatitude MCS environments, the Rossby radius of deformation is about 300 km. D. The greatest distance in a given direction at which it is just possible to see and identify with the unaided eye",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,visibility,http://sweetontology.net/propSpaceDistance/Visibility 1_1_gsv6pf8o,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain lustre'?","A. Internode lignin content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. B. Grain lustre. C. Main shoot stem In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility D. Internode inner zone (Z2) area, obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain lustre,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000047 1_1_ag0vkcuf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bus driver, transit or intercity'?","A. Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale in retail establishments. B. Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. C. Calculate, measure, load, mix, and process refined feedstock with additives in fermentation or reaction process vessels and monitor production process. Perform, and keep records of, plant maintenance, repairs, and safety inspections. D. Drive truck or other vehicle over established routes or within an established territory and sell or deliver goods, such as food products, including restaurant take-out items, or pick up or deliver items such as commercial laundry. May also take orders, collect payment, or stock merchandise at point of delivery.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"bus driver, transit or intercity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53305200 1_1_4l7rks6e,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete CBS'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete CBS,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000081 1_1_k844tled,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to other specified infectious organisms'?","A. Carcinoma (cancerous tumor) of the liver B. Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. C. this is a record of the patient D. infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pneumonia due to other specified infectious organisms,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000164 1_1_3yoirewd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dilution basin mediterranean sea biome'?","A. The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. B. The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. C. The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. D. A mediterranean sea biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dilution basin mediterranean sea biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000128 1_1_ocd5etpq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bullous pemphigoid'?","A. A pemphigoid that is characterized by erythematous papules, vesicles, and plaques around the trunk and extremities that develop during pregnancy, particularly during the second and third trimesters, has_symptom pruritis, and has_material_basis_in autoantibodies to the basement membrane, which triggers a complement cascade and attracts eosinophils to the subepidermis. B. An autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue that is characterized by subepidermal blistering especially in the lower abdomen, groin, and flexor surfaces of the extremities, creating tense blisters that do not break easily. C. A pemphigoid that is characterized by skin lesions and scaring and located_in mucous membranes and located_in skin. D. A pemphigoid that is characterized by large blisters.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bullous pemphigoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8506 1_1_abrwyplu,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'DVDA'?","A. Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. B. Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network C. DVD-Audio used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Mini Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,DVDA,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/DVDA 1_1_mtg10s1b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'health inequality'?","A. Inequality based upon economic status; distribution of income, distribution of wealth, etc. B. Inequality based upon digital information access or use, among other things. C. Inequality based upon health care quality, access, and treatment. D. Inequality based upon race.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,health inequality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009381 1_1_8jprb8g7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropogenic bee hive'?","A. An animal habitation that is assembled by colonies of organisms in the clade Anthophila (bees). Each nest is composed of multiple honeycombs, constructed using beeswax for the purposes of rearing young and storing honey and pollen. B. A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. C. A bee hive that is built in a structure assembled by humans to house bee colonies, often for the purposes of honey production, pollination, or research. D. A bee hive that occurs naturally without human intervention, typically found in environments such as tree cavities, rock crevices, or underground burrows.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,anthropogenic bee hive,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000167 1_1_55vwetz2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'larynx mucous gland'?","A. A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. B. Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. C. A mucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. D. Muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices (bile and pancreatic juice) through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum. Relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin (CCK) via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).[WP].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,larynx mucous gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004789 1_1_v0i2g2n5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'vasculature of eye'?","A. A nerve that is part of a parasympathetic nervous system [Automatically generated definition]. B. A portion of the respiratory and digestive tracts; its distal limit is the superior part of the esophagus and it connects the nasal and oral cavities with the esophagus and larynx; it contains the valleculae and the pyriform recesses; its upper limits are the nasal cavity and cranial base.[FEED]. C. Vasculature that is part of the eye region. D. Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia.[FMA].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,vasculature of eye,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002203 1_1_wsit9yom,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legal_Doctrine'?","A. An agreement entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. B. A legal document is a document bearing norms or normative statements. By virtue of this definition the norm-as-propositional-attitude is reified as norm-as proposition. In other words, the norm being expressed through the legal source is an expression of the propositional attitude. C. Legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal cas D. The term ""soft law"" refers to quasi-legal instruments which do not have any binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat ""weaker"" than the binding force of traditional law, often referred to as ""hard law"", in this context. The term ""soft law"" initially appeared in the area of international law, but more recently it has been transferred to other branches of law.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Legal_Doctrine,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Legal_Doctrine 1_1_bsi9fnjj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Downy mildew severity rating estimation'?","A. Estimation of the severity of crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) symptoms. Ratings based on the percent infection of the whole plant: 79-100%= 1, 90-97%= 2, 75-90%= 3, 60-75%= 4, 40-60%= 5, 25-40%= 6, 10-25%= 7, 3-10%= 8, 0-3%= 9. B. Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Oat necrotic mottle virus and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. C. Estimation of the severity of downy mildew (Sclerophthora macrospora) symptoms observed in a plot. plots rated 0 exhibit no symptoms, plots rated 9 show severe symptoms. D. Estimation of the forage rating using a 0-9 scale: 0= low, 9= high",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Downy mildew severity rating estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005631 1_1_td3kj2ba,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'non supercell tornado'?","A. (Rare.) A tornado. 2. Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. B. 1. In general, any tornado over a body of water. 2. In its most common form, a nonsupercell tornado over water. C. A tornado that occurs with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. The parent cloud does not contain a preexisting midlevel mesocyclone. Landspouts and gustnadoes are examples of the nonsupercell tornado. D. The process or processes that cause the time required for a given radionuclide to move between two locations to be greater than the groundwater travel time, because of physical and chemical interactions between the radionuclide and the geohydrologic unit through which the radionuclide travels.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,non supercell tornado,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/NonSupercellTornado 1_1_zmp0f2je,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Collector'?","A. An agent contributing to the creation of a comic work. B. An agent primarily responsible for the creation of a comic work. C. A comic book collector. D. A person.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Collector,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Collector 1_1_dec83r0w,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'layer'?","A. A layer which is part of a cryosphere. B. A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. C. A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. D. A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000281 1_1_rkkubjkm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fructose 6-phosphate'?","A. Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. B. A phospholipid that is a component of the plasma membrane with signal transduction inducing activity. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an intermediate that can be converted into either the second messenger signaling molecules, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), or phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3; PIP3). Both PIP2 and PIP3 can act as docking phospholipids, which recruit signaling proteins to the plasma membrane and promotes the activation of several signaling cascades. C. A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. D. A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fructose 6-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88003 1_1_a3o71c2j,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pcaMethods'?","A. This package contains methods and functionality to analyse flow data that is beyond the basic infrastructure provided by the flowCore package. B. PCOT2 is a permutation-based method for investigating changes in the activity of multi-gene networks. It utilizes inter-gene correlation information to detect significant alterations in gene network activities. Currently it can be applied to two-sample comparisons. C. A cluster based method for missing value estimationn is included for comparison. BPCA, PPCA and NipalsPCA may be used to perform PCA on incomplete data as well as for accurate missing value estimation. A set of methods for printing and plotting the results is also provided. D. Tools for the analysis of protein interaction data.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pcaMethods,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000650 1_1_3n4d3ikd,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Carrot beetle susceptibility'?","A. Susceptibility to cutworms, all species B. Susceptibility to carrot beetle (Bothynus gibbosus Degeer) C. Susceptibility to sunflower budmoth (Suleima helianthana) (riley) D. Damage by birds",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Carrot beetle susceptibility,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000279 1_1_919ff7ss,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dethiobiotin(1-)'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of platensimycin resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of ent-Photinus luciferin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2-iminopropionic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. Conjugate base of dethiobiotin; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dethiobiotin(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57861 1_1_i37k3pxj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpine tundra ecosystem'?","A. An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. B. A tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. C. A tundra ecosystem which 1) exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds, 2) where vegetation is dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses. D. A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,alpine tundra ecosystem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001371 1_1_sv0kzuat,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain shape'?","A. The angle or attitude of the flag leaf respect the culm. B. The lemmas surface type. C. The shape of the grains. D. The type of spike according its row number.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain shape,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000123 1_1_r4m5qkn4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of interleukin-3 production'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of interleukin-3 production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032672 1_1_f977bs24,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum'?","A. Cardiac muscle tissue which consists of the interventricular fasciculus and the fibrocollagenous sheath that separates the right from the left cardiac ventricle. B. Mesentery, each instance of which is a fold in some greater omentum that connects some diaphragm with the concave surface of some spleen. C. Cribriform area of renal papilla D. Cardiac muscle tissue which consists of the interatrial fasciculus and the fibrocollagenous sheath that separates the right from the left cardiac atrium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84083 1_1_oxp295dt,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'published libretto'?","A. Published lyrics, as a book or as a text file, for example B. A track on a particular record C. A published libretto D. A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation)",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,published libretto,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/PublishedLibretto 1_1_jr8qroym,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete RbcBook1'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete RbcBook1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000352 1_1_j4t6b8ea,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'history of diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder'?","A. A data item that is the year in which a document was published. B. A personal attribute in which the person has received a diagnosis of a disorder. C. A history of diagnosis of a disorder in which the disorder is a psychiatric disorder. D. An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,history of diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001331 1_1_8ohcl1pm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial clerk, all other'?","A. Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units. B. All financial clerks not listed separately. C. Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers. D. Design or conduct work-related training and development programs to improve individual skills or organizational performance. May analyze organizational training needs or evaluate training effectiveness.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"financial clerk, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43309900 1_1_2o0om449,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'amine'?","A. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. C. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. D. An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,amine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32952 1_1_5bm4bppp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'LPEadj'?","A. Two options are added to the LPE algorithm. The original LPE method sets all variances below the max variance in the ordered distribution of variances to the maximum variance. in LPEadj this option is turned off by default. The second option is to use a variance adjustment based on sample size rather than pi/2. By default the LPEadj uses the sample size based variance adjustment. B. FlowJo is a commercial GUI based software package from TreeStar Inc. for the visualization and analysis of flow cytometry data. One of the FlowJo standard export file types is the ""FlowJo Workspace"". This is an XML document that describes files and manipulations that have been performed in the FlowJo GUI environment. This package can take apart the FlowJo workspace and deliver the data into R in the flowCore paradigm. C. cosmo searches a set of unaligned DNA sequences for a shared motif that may, for example, represent a common transcription factor binding site. The algorithm is similar to MEME, but also allows the user to specify a set of constraints that the position weight matrix of the unknown motif must satisfy. Such constraints may include bounds on the information content across certain regions of the unknown motif, for example, and can often be formulated on the basis of prior knowledge about the structure of the transcription factor in question. The unknown motif width, the distribution of motif occurrences (OOPS, ZOOPS, or TCM), as well as the appropriate constraint set can be selected data-adaptively. D. Functions to computationally simulate the AP-MS technology based on wet-lab data.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,LPEadj,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000259 1_1_eplq4p29,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'scleromalacia perforans'?","A. A scleral disease that is characterized by painful inflammation of the episcleral tissues that, importantly, spares the sclera itself and has_symptom pain, red eyes, photophobia, tearing, and blurry vision. Episcleritis periodica fugax is typically self-limited but may be related to vascular congestion within the superficial episcleral plexus and associated with autoimmune disease, connective tissue disease, malignancies, trauma, infection, and medications, especially topiramate and pamidronate. B. A scleral disease that is characterized by painful inflammation with surface nodule formation of the episcleral tissues that, importantly, spares the sclera itself and has_symptom pain, red eyes, photophobia, tearing, blurry vision, and appearance of eye surface irregularity. Nodular episcleritis is typically self-limited and may be caused by vascular congestion within the superficial episcleral plexus. C. A scleral disease that is characterized by a painless severe necrotizing scleritis where the sclera is white, avascular, and thin. The choroid can become exposed leading to infarction and necrosis of related areas; the sclera can also thin such that the dark uvea protrudes through the front of the eye, forming a staphyloma which has_symptom loss of vision and appearance of a dark bulge. Scleromalacia perforans is usually caused by a rare complication of autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis. D. An eye disease that affects the sclera, which is the white fibrous outer layer of the eyeball.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,scleromalacia perforans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14230 1_1_7m5tm2c8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Middle colic lymph node group'?","A. Superior mesenteric lymph node group which is located along middle colic artery. B. Superior mesenteric lymph node group which is located along right colic artery. C. General anatomical term that refers to a cavity that is enclosed by a serous membrane and contains serous fluid. Examples: pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, subdeltoid bursa, synovial cavity of hip joint. D. Transformed vein, each instance of which is a fibrous cord which is the remnant of some fetal ductus venosus and located within some fossa between some left lateral lobe and some caudate lobe",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Middle colic lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71811 1_1_s4fu797p,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(11Z-octadecenoyl)-cholesterol'?","A. The L-enantiomer of mannitol. B. A cholesteryl octadecenoate in which the acy group is specified as (11Z)-octadec-11-enoyl. C. The (1R,6S)-enantiomer of cis-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate. D. A cholesterol ester in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 1 double bond (the position of the double bond in the acyl chain is unspecified).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(11Z-octadecenoyl)-cholesterol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_88768 1_1_vmqshiyz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'type IIb muscle cell'?","A. A type II muscle cell that contains large amounts of myoglobin, has many mitochondria and very many blood capillaries. Type II A cells are red, have a very high capacity for generating ATP by oxidative metabolic processes, split ATP at a very rapid rate, have a fast contraction velocity and are resistant to fatigue. B. A type II muscle cell that contains a low content of myoglobin, relatively few mitochondria, relatively few blood capillaries and large amounts of glycogen. Type II B fibres are white, geared to generate ATP by anaerobic metabolic processes, not able to supply skeletal muscle fibres continuously with sufficient ATP, fatigue easily, split ATP at a fast rate and have a fast contraction velocity. C. A fast type II muscle cell that is part of the skeletal muscle tissue. This cell is characterized by its intermediate metabolic profile, utilizing both glycolytic and oxidative pathways for energy production. In humans, it is distinguished by the expression of myosin heavy chain 1 (MYH1). D. A muscle cell with low content of myoglobin and other oxygen storing proteins. This muscle cell has a white appearance.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,type IIb muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002215 1_1_fcv32f46,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical fearful voice utterance'?","A. Voice utterance canonically associated with the experience of surprise B. Voice utterances characteristically associated with the experience of disgust. C. Vocal utterances canonically associated with the experience of fear D. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical fearful voice utterance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000185 1_1_qa2az3km,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-Cer'?","A. A glycotriaosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-D-glucose as the glycotriaosyl component. B. A glycotriaosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base. C. A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycotriaosyl component attached to the Cer(d18:1/16:0). D. A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl as the glycotriaosyl component.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-Cer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90085 1_1_07xmvcfn,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Multiplayer'?","A. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. B. Fandom achievement is related to doing some true fan activities. An example of Fandom could be purchasing a collectors edition of the game or attending a fan gathering. C. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. D. Multiplayer achievement describes anything that can be awarded to one or multiple players due to their gameplay in multiplayer. For example, this could be winning 10 Team Fortress matches in a row with the same team or getting killed ten times in a row in Counter-Strike.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Multiplayer,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Multiplayer 1_1_0381zf9w,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Carnivore'?","A. Note cf v1: I changed the 'only' to 'some' in the ""eats some herbivore"", and made into equivalent class cf subclass, so I can get my lion1 be classified as an instance of Lion. and 'closed' the axiom. B. their diet diet consists of at least 30 pct meat. practically can be considered to be omnivores... C. their diet diet consists of at least 50 pct meat D. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended",D,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Carnivore,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Carnivore 1_1_quf1ny8o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Diarrhea'?","A. Feeling excessively full after meals. B. Distention of the abdomen. C. Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. D. Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Diarrhea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014 1_1_r6b0glb7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'oocyte maturation'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. B. The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an ovary; where the cell can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. C. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization. D. The developmental growth process in which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,oocyte maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001556 1_1_okz1c4fl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'androst-4-ene-3,17-dione'?","A. A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. B. A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas. C. A 3-oxo steroid conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. D. A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,"androst-4-ene-3,17-dione",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16422 1_1_61djam34,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Position weight matrix (PWM )'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Position weight matrix (PWM ),http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000664 1_1_ao4skbs2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biochemist or biophysicist'?","A. Provide individuals, families, and groups with the psychosocial support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses. Services include advising family caregivers. Provide patients with information and counseling, and make referrals for other services. May also provide case and care management or interventions designed to promote health, prevent disease, and address barriers to access to healthcare. B. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent benign and malignant medical and surgical disorders of the genitourinary system and the renal glands. C. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent injuries that occur during sporting events, athletic training, and physical activities. D. Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,biochemist or biophysicist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19102100 1_1_06tjpcmc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nabumetone'?","A. A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. B. An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. D. A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nabumetone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7443 1_1_lldg4goe,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. B. The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. C. The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060444 1_1_q0k0tsbv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for prophylactic immunotherapy'?","A. Administration of immunotherapy B. medications used to treat cancer C. Cancer that occurs in the stomach. D. someone that lives alone is more keen to become stressed, bored, or other mental states",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for prophylactic immunotherapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000422 1_1_t5cdc5y5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'exon'?","A. A subculture which is primarily built around cannabis consumption, particularly as an entheogen, recreational drug and medicine. B. Non-coding, intervening sequences of DNA that are transcribed, but are removed from within the primary gene transcript and rapidly degraded during maturation of messenger RNA. C. An area or region of a DNA molecule. D. An exon is a nucleic acid sequence that is represented in the mature form of an RNA molecule either after portions of a precursor RNA (introns) have been removed by cis-splicing or when two or more precursor RNA molecules have been ligated by trans-splicing.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,exon,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84120 1_1_5xzw7mdx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular system'?","A. The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries. B. Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. C. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. D. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007798 1_1_p31nz9vr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine hemorrhage'?","A. Bleeding from the uterus that is abnormally frequent, last excessively long, is more than normal, or is irregular. B. Bleeding in pregnancy that occurs before, during, or after childbirth. Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. C. Bleeding from blood vessels in the uterus, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. D. Bleeding originating in the organs and tissue that aid in reproduction.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,uterine hemorrhage,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D014592 1_1_89dcyi24,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'tat-BP(2-)'?","A. A peptide anion obtained from the deprotonation of the two carboxy groups, and protonation of the primary amino group of human beta-casomorphin-7. It is the major species at pH 7.3. B. A glycopeptide anion that is the conjugate base of tat-BP, arising from deprotonation of the three carboxy groups and protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-Dap-D-Ala, arising from deprotonation of the the three carboxy groups and protonation of both amino groups; major species at pH 7.3. D. A peptide anion that is the conjugate base of gamma-Glu-His, obtained by removal of protons from the two carboxy groups as well as protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,tat-BP(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_195208 1_1_gwckl6qy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyTiling'?","A. The iterative Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) algorithm is a variable selection and classification algorithm with an application of classifying 2-class microarray samples, as described in Yeung, Bumgarner and Raftery (Bioinformatics 2005, 21: 2394-2402). B. This package provides easy, fast functions for the extraction and annotation of individual probes from Affymetrix tiling arrays. C. Statistical methods for identifying differentially expressed genes in replicated cDNA microarray experiments. D. This package provides utilities for flow cytometry data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affyTiling,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000458 1_1_s24svv2t,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Professional_Legal_Role'?","A. A professional legal role is a legal profession of some person, examples: lawyer, judge etc. B. A role which has a meaning in the context of an organisation: i.e. the role defines a 'position' within sthe structure of roles within an organisation C. A legal role is a role played in a legal context. Legal role players can be both Agents and other 'things' D. A social legal role is played by some agent in the context of legal activities.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Professional_Legal_Role,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-role.owl#Professional_Legal_Role 1_1_s0fma508,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Actin-binding protein'?","A. Protein which consists of beta sheets. B. Protein which consists of alpha helices and beta sheets. C. Protein that binds to actin filaments and modulates their properties and functions. Examples: actin-bundling protein, actin severing protein. D. Protein that primarily constitutes an intermediate filament which provide strength or anchorage of other cellular structures. Examples: keratin, vimentin, desmin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Actin-binding protein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67119 1_1_04n7oenl,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'vestibulocerebellar tract'?","A. White matter tract containing axons arising in the vestibular ganglion primarily projecting to the ipsilateral cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle (Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 370). B. The dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, or lemniscus) is a tract which receives signals from Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles. this tract arises from Principal trigeminal nucleus and terminates in the VPM nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted]. C. The second order neuron fibers of the corticopontocerebellar tracts that cross to the other side of the pons and run within the middle cerebellar peduncles, from the pons to the contralateral cerebellum. D. The dentatothalamic tract (or dentatorubrothalamic tract) is a tract which connects the dentate nucleus and the thalamus. [WP,unvetted].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,vestibulocerebellar tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002552 1_1_70kofqhu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'root of cranial nerve'?","A. The initial segment of a cranial nerve, leaving the central nervous system. B. A cranial nerve fiber tract that innervates the pineal body. C. Middle layer of olfactory cortex lying deep to layer 1 and superficial to layer 3, characterized by a compact layer of cell bodies. It can be divided into a superficial part and a deep part. D. A nerve root that extends_fibers_into a trigeminal nerve.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,root of cranial nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006843 1_1_wcz3gepf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sex workers' rights activist'?","A. Someone who advocates for women's rights. B. Someone who advocates for human rights. C. Someone who advocates for sex workers' rights. D. Someone who advocates for reproductive rights.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sex workers' rights activist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002011 1_1_xvhcbj70,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pregnancy related exhaustion and fatigue, third trimester'?","A. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the third trimester B. Fatigue caused from being pregnant, pregnancy is in the third trimester C. when a mother gains weight during pregnancy D. a rare, itchy skin eruption that usually happens in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often begins with the appearance of very itchy red bumps or blisters on your abdomen and trunk, though it can show up on other parts of your body",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"pregnancy related exhaustion and fatigue, third trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000501 1_1_wxrjzwyb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. B. Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. C. Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. D. Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of striated muscle cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010662 1_1_vghf1f40,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIB-class binding'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a sterol biosynthetic process. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. C. OBSOLETE. Binding to a basal RNA polymerase II transcription factor of the TFIIB class in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with DNA as well. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"obsolete transcription factor activity, TFIIB-class binding",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001087 1_1_hdwcec6e,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Personal_Plan'?","A. A reaction is an action that is (at least) performed by an agent that has observed some other action (this is an intensional view): Action <-> Reaction B. A personal plan is a plan which is held (and can be executed) by at most one agent. C. A plan is a structure of multiple other plans or actions. These can be both sequential or concurrent. Usually a plan is referred to in the context of the intention to act of some agent, however when executed the plan itself comes into effect. D. A collaborative plan is a plan which is shared (and executed) between at least two agents a and b.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Personal_Plan,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/action.owl#Personal_Plan 1_1_unbe5dzq,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'FirstPerson'?","A. The events of the game are seen framed alongside the playable character B. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico C. Non-playing character of the game D. The events of the game are seen through the eyes of the playable character",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,FirstPerson,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#FirstPerson 1_1_blskm2we,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transitional epithelium'?","A. Multilaminar epithelium, which consists of more than one layer of cuboidal cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. B. Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium. C. Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of columnar cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, epithelium of lactiferous sinus. D. Multilaminar epithelium, which of consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, in contact with a basement membrane, that can undergo distention and contraction without losing its integrity and consistency. Examples: urothelium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Transitional epithelium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63914 1_1_ou1rsduj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'transepithelial transport'?","A. The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism, such as a limb or a branch. C. The orderly movement of a pericyte cell from one site to another. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus are generated and organized. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,transepithelial transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070633 1_1_7h89h4q9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - potassium fresh weight'?","A. Compute the potassium concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula B. Compute the Beryllium concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula C. Compute the tryptophan concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula D. Compute the chlorogenic acid concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - potassium fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000523 1_1_xq1htry0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxaprozin'?","A. A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). B. A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. C. 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. D. An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,oxaprozin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7822 1_1_pi9iiy36,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'feminine penis'?","A. A term used to refer to the penis in cisgender men; alternatively, any penile structure masculinized due to androgenic hormones. B. Any of various sensational reports, misrepresentations, or fabrications that are defamatory towards Judaism as a religion or defamatory towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group. Since at least the Middle Ages, they have formed parts of broader antisemitic conspiracy theories. C. The penis, as observed in humans. D. A term used by some transgender women to refer to their intromittent organ; alternatively, any penile structure feminized due to estrogenic hormones.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,feminine penis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003568 1_1_z8qxirbg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'minor ridge'?","A. Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete). The receptive part of the carpel is called a stigma in the flowers of angiosperms and a micropyle in gymnosperms. The study of pollination brings together many disciplines, such as botany, horticulture, entomology, and ecology. Pollination is important in horticulture because most plant fruits will not develop if the ovules are not fertilized. The pollination process as interaction between flower and vector was first addressed in the 18th century by Christian Konrad Sprengel. B. Transtension regimes are oblique tensional environments where stretching takes place. [Wikipedia] C. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] D. A ridge of smaller scale than a long-wave ridge. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory anticyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,minor ridge,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/MinorRidge 1_1_eq3rvq3o,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Scanning software G2565AA version A6.3.1'?","A. A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. B. High resolution scanning with pixel sizes of 2, 3, 5, and 10 microns enables users to scan a range of array types from ultra-high density commercial arrays as well as low-density home-brew arrays.Low level detection resulting from optimized precision optics, broad dynamic range, minimal spectral cross talk allowing users to detect weak features, achieve rapid, accurate and dependable results C. KEGGGraph is an interface between KEGG pathway and graph object as well as a collection of tools to analyze, dissect and visualize these graphs. It parses the regularly updated KGML (KEGG XML) files into graph models maintaining all essential pathway attributes. The package offers functionalities including parsing, graph operation, visualization and etc. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Scanning software G2565AA version A6.3.1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000421 1_1_ovq8axne,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostaglandin G3'?","A. An indole alkaloid with a tetracyclic skeleton that is isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum. B. A member of the class of prostaglandins G that is 9,11-epidioxyprosta-5,13,17-trienoic acid carrying an additional hydroperoxy substituent at the 15S-position. C. A member of the class of resorcinols that is 16-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)hexadecanoic acid which carries cis double bonds at positions 10 and 14, a trans double bond at position 12, and an ethylidene group at position 2. D. A member of the class of pyrans that is 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by a 2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl group and a methyl group, respectively.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,prostaglandin G3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134406 1_1_20244vrl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'makeup artist, theatrical or performance'?","A. Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fingerprints, and photograph evidence for use in criminal and civil cases. B. Apply makeup to performers to reflect period, setting, and situation of their role. C. Prepare wiring diagrams, circuit board assembly diagrams, and layout drawings used for the manufacture, installation, or repair of electrical equipment. D. Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"makeup artist, theatrical or performance",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39509100 1_1_k4bxweqc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Island of Calleja granule cell'?","A. Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme. B. A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. The cell contains flat light-reflecting platelets, probably of guanine, in stacks called reflecting platelets or iridisomes. The color-generating components produce a silver, gold, or iridescent color. C. The basic functional unit of the kidney. its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood, reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine. A nephron eliminates wastes from the body, regulates blood volume and blood pressure, controls levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulates blood pH. Its functions are vital to life and are regulated by the endocrine system by hormones such as antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and parathyroid hormone.[WP]. D. A DRD1-expressing, medium spiny neuron-like granule cell that is part of an Island of Calleja.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,Island of Calleja granule cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4030053 1_1_qpfz4d5v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'keratosis entity'?","A. is a pathological anatomical structures transformed from pathological continuant entities. B. is an acute infection typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms, and fingers.[1] It is an infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, usually caused by beta-hemolytic group A Streptococcus bacteria on scratches or otherwise infected areas.[2] Erysipelas is more superficial than cellulitis, and is typically more raised and demarcated.[1] The term is from Greek ἐρυσίπελας, meaning ""red skin"". C. is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis. D. a necrotic object",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,keratosis entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000106 1_1_6y03e3k6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male history'?","A. A branch of social history which studies instances of asexual behavior and peoples throughout different cultures, with special regard to the persecution of such people. B. A branch of social history which studies instances of gay male behavior and gay men throughout different cultures, with special regard to the persecution of such people. C. Transgender history begins with transgender (in the broad sense, including non-binary and third-gender) people in ancient civilizations on every inhabited continent and continues to the present. Sumerian and Akkadian texts from 4500 years ago document transgender priests, and Assyrian texts document trans prostitutes; evidence suggests these gender roles go back to prehistoric times and may have a common origin with third gender roles that were accepted in America before European colonization, some of which (like Navajo nádleehi and Zuni lhamana) survived colonizers' hostility. D. The study of the role that men have played in history.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male history,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004384 1_1_xe3d4g68,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ivory epiphyses of the 3rd finger'?","A. Sclerosis of the epiphyses of the 3rd finger, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays. B. Sclerosis of the epiphyses of the 2nd finger, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays. C. A triangular appearance of the epiphyses of the 3rd finger of the hand. D. Sclerosis of one or more of the epiphyses of the thumb, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Ivory epiphyses of the 3rd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009416 1_1_92hmeoq8,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ulnar vein'?","A. The vertebral vein is formed in the suboccipital triangle, from numerous small tributaries which spring from the internal vertebral venous plexuses and issue from the vertebral canal above the posterior arch of the atlas. They unite with small veins from the deep muscles at the upper part of the back of the neck, and form a vessel which enters the foramen in the transverse process of the atlas, and descends, forming a dense plexus around the vertebral artery, in the canal formed by the foramina transversaria of the cervical vertebrae. This plexus ends in a single trunk, which emerges from the foramen transversarium of the sixth cervical vertebra, and opens at the root of the neck into the back part of the innominate vein near its origin, its mouth being guarded by a pair of valves. On the right side, it crosses the first part of the subclavian artery. [WP,unvetted]. B. A vein that is tributary of the brachial vein and drains blood from the hand and medial and posterior aspect of forearm. C. The vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel. D. A vein formed by the confluence of the thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular veins and accompanying the subscapular artery to drain into the axillary vein.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ulnar vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8600093 1_1_iepdotdz,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'trachybasalt'?","A. Light-colored, frothy volcanic rock, usually of dacite or rhyolite composition, formed by the expansion of gas in erupting lava. Commonly seen as lumps or fragments of pea-size and larger, but can also occur abundantly as ash-sized particles. B. An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and basalt. C. A wide, low-rimmed, well-bedded accumulation of hyalo-clastic debris built around a volcanic vent located in a lake, coastal zone, marsh, or area of abundant ground water. D. An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and andesite.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,trachybasalt,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Trachybasalt 1_1_ebyfb6r0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'estuary'?","A. A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. B. A body of water which is primarily composed of freshwater, with low solute content. C. A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. D. A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,estuary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000045 1_1_21xk08fe,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'reagent'?","A. A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. B. Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. C. Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale. D. A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a ""R"" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,reagent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893 1_1_qv863xw0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'plug'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa (sodium carbonate) are mixed to form a wet product. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco (often zarda or surti) are combined with a mix of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and flavorings such as peppermint, cardamom to form a wet mixture. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles (sometimes mixed with molasses and water) form loose dry sticks.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,plug,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000996 1_1_quxxeo2i,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'substantia nigra'?","A. Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). B. Predominantly gray matter midbrain structure lying dorsal to the crus cerebri and ventral to the midbrain tegmentum. It is divided into a dorsal, cellularly compact region known as the pars compacta and a more ventrally located, containing more loosely packed cells, the pars reticulata. The most lateral region of the reticulata is identified as the pars lateralis (MM). C. An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. D. Nucleus located in the midbrain.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,substantia nigra,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002038 1_1_y2merogd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'plier'?","A. Bayesian models for differential gene expression B. Package manipulating sequences with fold routines C. The PLIER (Probe Logarithmic Error Intensity Estimate) method produces an improved signal by accounting for experimentally observed patterns in probe behavior and handling error at the appropriately at low and high signal values. D. cosmo searches a set of unaligned DNA sequences for a shared motif that may, for example, represent a common transcription factor binding site. The algorithm is similar to MEME, but also allows the user to specify a set of constraints that the position weight matrix of the unknown motif must satisfy. Such constraints may include bounds on the information content across certain regions of the unknown motif, for example, and can often be formulated on the basis of prior knowledge about the structure of the transcription factor in question. The unknown motif width, the distribution of motif occurrences (OOPS, ZOOPS, or TCM), as well as the appropriate constraint set can be selected data-adaptively.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,plier,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000660 1_1_rmayhdx3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2-oxoglutarate carboxylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: acetone + ATP + CO2 + 2 H2O = acetoacetate + AMP + 4 H+ + 2 phosphate. B. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + bicarbonate + pyruvate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxaloacetate + phosphate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 2-oxoglutarate + ATP + bicarbonate = ADP + 2 H+ + oxalosuccinate + phosphate. D. Catalysis of the joining of a carboxyl group to a molecule that is attached to CoA, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,2-oxoglutarate carboxylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034029 1_1_3qqvreum,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'motor behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. B. The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell. C. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature. D. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,motor behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061744 1_1_zzwa20m9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cubitus varus'?","A. Lateral elbow x-ray showing lucent crescent of fat that indicates a joint effusion in the elbow . B. An injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the elbow. C. An anomaly of the joint between the trochlear notch of ulna and the trochlea of humerus, which is part of the elbow joint. D. A deformity of the elbow in which there is a deviation of the forearm toward the midline of the body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Cubitus varus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025317 1_1_gh9cj24m,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'over the counter nicotine replacement therapy'?","A. A nicotine replacement therapy product that can be sold to a person without the need for a prescription. B. A process that involves repeated occurrences of a behaviour. C. A nicotine replacement therapy that is prescribed to a person by a medical practitioner. D. Nicotine replacement therapy are nicotine delivery products that are licensed for use as smoking cessation or harm reduction aids used by people for quitting or reducing use of tobacco containing products.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,over the counter nicotine replacement therapy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000270 1_1_o8lu9a31,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'opacity'?","A. A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. B. A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. C. An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. D. A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,opacity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000957 1_1_j21wgflu,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'meloxicam'?","A. A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. B. A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. C. A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. D. The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,meloxicam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6741 1_1_9inecu4r,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'low-affinity D-glucose:sodium symporter activity'?","A. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose(out) + Na+(out) = D-glucose(in) + Na+(in). B. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene + O2 = 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate. C6 of the substrate molecular may have an NH2 group attached. C. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: D-glucose(out) + Na+(out) = D-glucose(in) + Na+(in). In low-affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,low-affinity D-glucose:sodium symporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005362 1_1_66lq4aa7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyrrolidin-2-ones'?","A. A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring. B. A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a five-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon. C. Any organic molecular entity derived from a natural product by partial chemical synthesis. D. An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pyrrolidin-2-ones,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74223 1_1_53cipcma,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pectoral fin fold'?","A. Any native cell that is part of a hypothalamus. B. An epithelial cell that is part of the external acoustic meatus. C. Portion of the dermis characterized by a well-arranged, plywood-like, collagenous network. D. The functional webs of the paired fins. They arise as a consequence of apical fold (AER) expansion and of migration of the distal mesenchyme. The fin folds are delimited by a dorsal and a ventral striated epidermis. The cells of the epidermal basal stratum are positioned on a basement membrane. Directly beneath the basement membrane of each side there is an array of actinotrichs, fibers of the extracellular matrix which act as supportive elements of the larval fin folds.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pectoral fin fold,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2005317 1_1_3fqu3wz4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation'?","A. The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamine-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. B. The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. The asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an asparagine-accetping tRNA. C. The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. The glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of a glutamic acid-accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification. D. The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The alanyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-II synthetases. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 3'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006424 1_1_70l32erz,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'aponeurosis'?","A. A sheet of extracellular matrix. B. A thin layer of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. C. The thick fibrous membrane that closely invests the entire surface of a bone except the articular cartilage at synovial joints. D. The outer coelomic epithelial covering of the testis; a sac of serous tissue covering the testis and the epididymis within which the testis can move about; it covers the tunica albuginea.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,aponeurosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006614 1_1_nlecf838,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking in a disturbed fashion'?","A. Speaking behaviour in which a short utterance is produced. B. Speaking with a voice softer than usual. C. Speaking in a manner which is disturbed relative to what is the norm for that person. D. Speaking with a voice that is hesitant or trembling.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking in a disturbed fashion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000161 1_1_h4mfjo0l,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cataract 35'?","A. A cataract that has_material_basis_in variation in the region 19q13. B. A cataract that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding the alpha-8 subunit of the gap junction protein (GJA8) on chromosome 1q21. C. A cataract that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the gamma-D-crystallin gene (CRYGD) on chromosome 2q33. D. A cataract that is characterized by a distinctive discoid lens opacity situated posteriorly and adjacent to the posterior capsule.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cataract 35,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110261 1_1_ybnir6c3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'top-level domain name'?","A. One of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the internet after the root domain. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last non empty label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the domain name www.example.com., the top-level domain is com. Responsibility for management of most top-level domains is delegated to specific organizations by the ICANN an Internet multi-stakeholder community, which operates the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), and is in charge of maintaining the DNS root zone. B. LGBTQIA+ people who are Angolan. C. An identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control within the internet. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name identifies a network domain, or it represents an internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the internet, a server computer hosting a website, or the web site itself or any other service communicated via the internet. D. A lesbian who is part of and/or is employed by the military.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,top-level domain name,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012927 1_1_0s7ea32b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'principal components analysis dimensionality reduction'?","A. A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m. B. The package is used to detect extended, diffuse and compact blemishes on microarray chips. Harshlight automatically marks the areas in a collection of chips (affybatch objects) and a corrected AffyBatch object is returned, in which the defected areas are substituted with NAs or the median of the values of the same probe in the other chips in the collection. The new version handle the substitue value as whole matrix to solve the memory problem. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. A principal components analysis dimensionality reduction is a dimensionality reduction achieved by applying principal components analysis and by keeping low-order principal components and excluding higher-order ones.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,principal components analysis dimensionality reduction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200051 1_1_f4q2shnk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diffuse glioma, H3 G34 mutant'?","A. A Van Maldergem syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the DCHS1 gene on chromosome 11p15. B. A histone mutated tumor that is characterized by the presence of histone H3 K27M mutation located throughout the midline structures of the central nervous system. C. A histone mutated tumor that has_material_basis_in mutations in codon 34 of the H3 histone family 3A protein. D. A high grade glioma that has_material_basis_in mutations in the genes encoding histones.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"diffuse glioma, H3 G34 mutant",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080880 1_1_l9rxgyo4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Muscle fiber tubular inclusions'?","A. Unusual regions of densely packed membranous tubules known as tubular aggregates which present as membranous inclusions, derived from membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, containing miscellaneous proteins with a variety of enzymatic activities. B. The presence of inclusion bodies within the cytoplasm of muscle cells. Inclusion bodies are aggregates (deposits) or stainable material, usually misfolded proteins. C. Intracytoplasmic inclusions in myofibers that reduce nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) and thus stain strongly with the menadione-NBT stain. D. Subsarcolemmal, eosinophilic glass-like regions in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. Hyaline bodies show significant reactivity to myofibrillar ATPase after acid pre-incubation and with immunohistochemistry, show intense reactivity with only slow myosin heavy chain. Electron microscopy of the affected areas show a lack of myofibrils and a uniform, finely granular matrix, sometimes suggesting a filamentous nature, containing few scattered nuclei and mitochondria.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Muscle fiber tubular inclusions,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100301 1_1_552x79cp,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Prorogation_Efficacy'?","A. When the efficacy or a partial efficacy starts before the entry into force of the document B. Modifies the efficacy period of some norm C. Prorogation of entry into force, but applied to the efficacy of some norm D. When a part of an act or some provisions are suspended in coming to be operative for a period or indefinately",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Prorogation_Efficacy,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Prorogation_Efficacy 1_1_wnqif1ig,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'gudakhu'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fine leaf tobacco dust is mixed with molasses, red soil, lime, and water to form a tobacco-based paste. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled tobacco leaves (minus stalks, stems and veins) are soaked in water, then flavoured with powdered spices (e.g., saffron, cardamom, aniseed) and additives such as musk and then prepared into a thick paste that may also be formed into granules or pellets. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,gudakhu,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000980 1_1_z5xuehtz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glioblastoma classical subtype'?","A. A gliomablastoma that is characterized by a biphasic tissue pattern with alternating areas displaying glial and mesenchymal differentiation. B. A glioblastoma that is characterized by the most frequent number of mutation of the Neurofibromin 1 gene. C. A glioblastoma that is characterized by IDH1 and p53 mutations and Platelet Derived Growth Factor A amplification. D. A glioblastoma that is characterized by abnormally high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor and the absence of p53 mutations.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,glioblastoma classical subtype,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050803 1_1_c9oqu9wd,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'specific humidity'?","A. A fresh westerly wind of oceanic origin in Morocco. B. 1. Generally, some measure of the water vapor content of air. The multiplicity of humidity measures is partly due to different methods of measurement and partly because the conservative measures (mixing ratio, specific humidity) cover an extremely wide dynamic range, as a result of the rapid variation of saturation vapor pressure with temperature. 2. Popularly, same as relative humidity. C. In a system of moist air, the (dimensionless) ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of the system. D. A measure of strength of the middle-latitude westerlies, usually expressed as the horizontal pressure difference between 35 and 55N latitude, or as the corresponding geostrophic wind.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,specific humidity,http://sweetontology.net/propFraction/SpecificHumidity 1_1_8axqez84,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of landscaping, lawn service, or groundskeeping worker'?","A. Plan and erect commercial displays, such as those in windows and interiors of retail stores and at trade exhibitions. B. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping activities. Work may involve reviewing contracts to ascertain service, machine, and workforce requirements; answering inquiries from potential customers regarding methods, material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to labor, material, and machine costs. C. Teach or instruct individuals or groups for the primary purpose of self-enrichment or recreation, rather than for an occupational objective, educational attainment, competition, or fitness. D. Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"first-line supervisor of landscaping, lawn service, or groundskeeping worker",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_37101200 1_1_7dej949a,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular tissue development stage'?","A. A vascular tissue development stage that has as primary participant a portion of phloem tissue. B. A plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a portion of plant tissue . C. A vascular tissue development stage that has as primary participant a portion of xylem tissue. D. A plant tissue development stage that has as primary participant a portion of vascular tissue .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular tissue development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025424 1_1_3kx89gcm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epiblepharon'?","A. Redundant eyelid skin pressing the eyelashes against the cornea and/or conjunctiva. B. Heliotrope rash is a violaceous discoloration of the eyelids associated with periorbital edema. C. Abnormal shortness of the vertical dimensions of the eyelids. D. Absence or underdevelopment of the eyelid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Epiblepharon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011225 1_1_8o0rerio,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in cytolysis in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with hemolysis in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in cytolysis in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044649 1_1_ocjpeel6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. D. A dependent continuant which is about a portion of reality.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044499 1_1_y25gmiyq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(S)-2,3-dimethylbutyric acid'?","A. The (S)-enantiomer of 2,3-dimethylbutyric acid. B. A octadecanoid that is any octadecenoic acid carrying a single hydroperoxy substituent (position unspecified). C. The (R)-enantiomer of 2,3-butyric acid. D. A branched C4 short-chain fatty acid carrying two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 3. The methyl group at the 2-position confers chirality, hence the compound has two possible enantiomers.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(S)-2,3-dimethylbutyric acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38652 1_1_p51rq393,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Septal myocardium of left ventricle'?","A. Myocardium of region of heart which consists of the left and middle strata of interventricular septum and is continuous with the myocardium of free wall of left ventricle. B. Region of myocardium which has as its parts the anteroapical and inferoapical zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Myocardium of region of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of aorta. D. Myocardium of region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the basal anterolateral and inferolateral zones, mid anterolateral and inferolateral zones and the apical lateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the myocardium of anterior and inferior walls of left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Septal myocardium of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85155 1_1_dpudmbi8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'EZB diffuse large B-cell lymphoma'?","A. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by the expression of CD10, BCL-6, A-myb, and LMO2 genes, BCL-2 translocation, and c-REL amplification. B. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is categorized as EZB with high probability by the LymphGen algorithm. This is based on a combination of genetic features and EZB DLBCLs often, but do not always, have hot spot mutations in EZH2 and/or a BCL2 translocation. This class can be further subdivided into two sub-classes EZB-MYC+ and EZB-MYC- using the double hit gene expression signature (DHITsig). This subgroup also commonly has mutations due to aberrant somatic hypermutation affecting IRF8, which can be coding or non-coding. C. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is categorized as N1 with high probability by the LymphGen algorithm. This is based on a combination of genetic features. Although N1 DLBCLs always have an activating mutation affecting NOTCH1, LymphGen can assign cases with this mutation to other classes, depending on the presence of other genetic features. D. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by the expression of CD44, PKCbeta1, Cyclin D2, BCL-2, and IRF4/MUM1 genes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,EZB diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081065 1_1_4473vapt,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis'?","A. A Gaucher's disease type III characterized by additional presence of cardiovascular calcifications that has_material_basis_in homozygosity for an asp409-to-his (D409H) mutation in the GBA1 gene on chromosome 1q22. B. An Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the collagen alpha-2(V) gene on chromosome 2q31 and that is characterized by the absence of widened atrophic scars. C. A primary ciliary dyskinesia characterized by absence of outer dynein arms, defects in inner dynein arms, chronic airway disease and recurrent sinopulmonary infections, male infertility, and laterality defects in about half of patients that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the PIH1D3 gene on chromosome Xq22.3. D. A primary Campylobacter infectious disease that involves inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by Campylobacter jejuni infection, which is characterized by diarrhea (may be bloody), abdominal pain, fever and vomiting.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050212 1_1_p1d4mbkj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'navicular bursa of pes'?","A. A fluid-filled sac that lies between the navicular bone and the deep digital flexor muscle. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly. C. A navicular bursa that is part of a manus. D. A navicular bursa that is part of a pes.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,navicular bursa of pes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012343 1_1_xrlu2zm9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial examiner'?","A. Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records. B. Buy and sell securities or commodities in investment and trading firms, or provide financial services to businesses and individuals. May advise customers about stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, and market conditions. C. Obtain evidence, take statements, produce reports, and testify to findings regarding resolution of fraud allegations. May coordinate fraud detection and prevention activities. D. Gather, analyze, or evaluate information from a variety of sources, such as law enforcement databases, surveillance, intelligence networks or geographic information systems. Use intelligence data to anticipate and prevent organized crime activities, such as terrorism.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,financial examiner,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13206100 1_1_qgkwyqdc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant lodging incidence - Estimation'?","A. Visual assessment of lodging incidence. B. Record the date when 50% of plants show panicle emerged from boot. C. Record date when 50% of plants in a plot reach the flowering stage. D. Manual assessment of consistency on a TO sample prepared from sorghum flour after decortication.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant lodging incidence - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000284 1_1_lvas1u8v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia, unspecified organism'?","A. Bronchopneumonia, bronchial pneumonia or bronchogenic pneumonia (not to be confused with lobar pneumonia) is the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles. B. Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other respiratory manifestations C. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. D. Pneumonia is an infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Pneumonia, unspecified organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000039 1_1_4216wudt,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calvinism'?","A. A major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians. B. Any of various mainline Protestant movements or religions which aims to bring about closer relationships among their churches and promote Christian unity. C. A historical Christian movement generally united by their belief in the ability of each human being to experientially access the light within, or ""that of God in every one"". D. A movement of Protestant Christian denominations whose origins lie in the life and ministry of John Wesley.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Calvinism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007376 1_1_gv6gwyef,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'frazil ice'?","A. Generally, leads are wide enough (and deep enough) for navigation by surface vessels. The term is generally applied to linear features. If the open area is very large it may be called a polynya, although the application of these terms is under debate. B. _:743 C. Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. D. Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,frazil ice,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrazilIce 1_1_tmgahusl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'methyl ester'?","A. Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol. B. A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. C. Esters of benzoic acid or substituted benzoic acids. D. An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,methyl ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25248 1_1_s3erh8wv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'chartaceone A1'?","A. A chartaceone A with 2R, 5''S-configuration. B. A chartaceone A with 2S, 5''R-configuration. C. A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a 6-carboxy-1-phenylhex-1-en-3-yl group at position 6. D. A chartaceone A with 2R, 5''R-configuration.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,chartaceone A1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76573 1_1_p3g5hr2n,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes ''akava'ine'?","A. A term used in Fiji to describe an identity similar to the Samoan fa'afafine, i.e. persons who are assigned male at birth who take on a more traditionally feminine gender role. B. A culturally specific gender identity in Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) and Maohi (Tahitian) cultures. Such persons typically have specific traditional spiritual and social roles within the specific culture. The term means ""in the middle"". C. A term used in the eastern Polynesian language Cook Islands Māori; sometimes translated as ""behave(s) like a woman"". Contemporarily, it may also refer to gender-variant or transgender persons, usually transgender women. D. A gender role observed for centuries as part of Neapolitan society; the identity may be characterized as overlapping with the feminine cisgender gay identity or the transgender female identity, but is usually considered separate. Femminielli (plural) were generally assigned male at birth, expressed themselves in a traditionally feminine manner, and engaged in sexual relations with men.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,'akava'ine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002163 1_1_k5sgvwwq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Average fruit pulp lateral diameter'?","A. The height of the pseudostem of the tallest sucker within the same mat as the plant (the sucker that will become the next plant with a bunch, once the bunch from the current plant is harvested) B. The number of maiden suckers (fully grown suckers with foliage leaves) in the mat. C. The average weight of the fingers. D. The average lateral (side to side) diameter of the pulp of a fruit.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Average fruit pulp lateral diameter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000352 1_1_d1ulv1p3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044476 1_1_thn69r8x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'tetradecanoic acid'?","A. A leukotriene that is 10,11-dihydroleukotriene B4 in which two of the methyl hydrogens at position 20 have been replaced by hydroxy groups. B. A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. C. An oxo fatty acid that is obtained by oxidation of the allylic hydroxy of any hydroxyeicosadienoic acid during its metabolism. D. A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that is tetradecanoic acid containing two double bonds at positions 3 and 5 (the 3E,5Z-geoisomer).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,tetradecanoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28875 1_1_va20dqgf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'strobilus'?","A. A determinate reproductive shoot system that has as part at least one carpel or at least one stamen and does not contain any other determinate shoot system as a part. B. A reproductive shoot system consisting of a number of sporophylls or plant ovule -bearing modified leaves grouped terminally on a stem . C. A reproductive shoot system that is part of an inflorescence and has as parts a second order inflorescence axis and any shoot axes and flowers that arise from it. D. A reproductive shoot system that develops from an inflorescence and has as parts each infructescence axis and all of the fruits borne by those axes.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,strobilus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025083 1_1_u3530hmi,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene metabolic process",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901539 1_1_otwjpkvl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'TMC-95C'?","A. A para-terphenyl that is 1,1':4',1''-terphenyl substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6' and hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4 and 4''. It has been isolated from Aspergillus taichungensis. B. A monocarboxylic acid that is phenylacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 on the benzene ring is replaced by a hydroxy group. C. A carotenol having the structure of rhodopin with two hydrogen atoms abstracted from the C(3)-C(4) bond to form an extra trans double bond. D. A 17-membered macrocyclic lactam that incorporates a phenol and a substituted indole moiety. It includes a S-hydroxy group at position 11 and a (3-methyl-2-oxopentanoyl)amino group at position 18 with a S-methyl group. It acts as a proteasome inhibitor and is isolated from Apiospora montagnei Sacc. TC 1093, isolated from a soil sample.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,TMC-95C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66247 1_1_1vl1a0w7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate'?","A. A myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate having the three phospho groups located at positions 4, 5 and 6 and the two diphospho groups at positions 1 and 3. B. Any myo-inositol trisphosphate bearing two additional diphospho substituents. C. A 1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate having the three phospho groups located at positions 3, 4 and 6 and the two diphospho groups at positions 1 and 5. D. A myo-inositol trisphosphate having the three phosphate groups at the 3-, 4-, and 6-positions.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1D-myo-inositol bis(diphosphate) trisphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62957 1_1_lm3zagau,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete ontoTools'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete ontoTools,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000642 1_1_bktzz1o6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide'?","A. A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture. B. A cyclopropylcarboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-amine. C. Compounds whose skeleton is based on 3-alkyl-2-methylidenebutanedioic acid (3-alkylitaconic acid) derivatives originally isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus niger FKI-2342. D. A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_177880 1_1_pfwm5efr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'IgA pemphigus'?","A. A pemphigus that is characterized by recurring blistering most commonly occurring in the folds of the skin, particularly the groin and axillary regions, and has_material_basis_in mutations in the ATP2C1 gene that result in loss of adhesion within the skin. Other sites of the body, such as the neck, perianal, and submammary regions, may likewise be affected. B. A pemphigus that is characterized by blistered skin as a result of self-reactive T and B cells that target BP180. C. An autoimmune disease of skin and connective tissue that is characterized by blistering of the outer layer of the skin and mucous membranes (mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals), causing lesions and blisters that are easily ruptured. D. A pemphigus that is characterized by painful and pruritic vesiculopustular eruptions. These eruptions form as a result of circulating IgA antibodies against keratinocyte cell surface components responsible for cell to cell adherence.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,IgA pemphigus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080851 1_1_o9lgqtk3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian sleep/wake cycle'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. B. ""Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GOC:dbh] C. The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. D. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GO:GO\:0003052]",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,circadian sleep/wake cycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042745 1_1_os4wvi3v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parainfluenza virus pneumonia'?","A. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lungs) in children younger than 1 year of age in the United States. B. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Parainfluenza virus C. Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus. D. Human metapneumovirus is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Pneumoviridae and is closely related to the Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Parainfluenza virus pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000159 1_1_f18y21p8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Carotid artery occlusion'?","A. A paraganglioma (a neuroendocrine neoplasm) originating in a carotid artery. B. An increase in the combined thickness of the intima and media of the carotid artery. C. Complete obstruction of a carotid artery. D. A separation (dissection) of the layers of the carotid artery wall.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Carotid artery occlusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012474 1_1_mbl1sicu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric nephron'?","A. Serous membrane layer that lines to a body cavity. B. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. C. A pericardium that is part of a outflow tract [Automatically generated definition]. D. The elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,metanephric nephron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005110 1_1_bhuvc2wg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(S)-butane-1,2-diol'?","A. A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octacosatetraenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A butanediol in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 1 and 2. C. A butane-1,2-diol of S-configuration. D. A butane-1,2-diol of R-configuration.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(S)-butane-1,2-diol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52686 1_1_bet74oxh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis plant'?","A. A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. B. A whole plant that belongs to a species of the genus Cannabaceae. C. A plant of the species that belongs to the Nicotiana genus of herbaceous plants. D. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a tablet which slowly dissolves in the mouth.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis plant,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000920 1_1_0gupuajm,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'crying behavior'?","A. Behavior associated with the intake of food. B. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. C. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. D. The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,crying behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060273 1_1_98a90tqq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '12(S)-HpEPE'?","A. A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of prostaglandin A3, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A 12-HPEPE in which the hydroperoxy group at positions 12 has S-configuration. C. A benzoate carrying at least one iodo substituent. D. A hydroperoxy fatty acid that is (5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-icosapentaenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at the 12-position.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,12(S)-HpEPE,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90996 1_1_6zwyt70j,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Total acid of must'?","A. None B. None C. None D. Necessary complement:Sampling date",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Total acid of must,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000158 1_1_yh4na94w,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'portable cannabis vaporiser'?","A. A cannabis vaping device which is large, usually mains powered and intended for use in one location. B. A vaping device that is designed to be used for vaping cannabis. C. A cannabis vaping device that is shaped like a pen and consists of a battery, a container for cannabis or a cannabis extract, an atomiser to create cannabis vapour, and a mouthpiece. D. A cannabis vaping device that is portable.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,portable cannabis vaporiser,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000865 1_1_mrdepvmr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixing fog'?","A. A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. B. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. C. Fog formed as a result of evaporation of water that is warmer than the air. D. Fog, light and of short duration, produced by the mixing of two moist but nonsaturated air masses with different temperatures.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mixing fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/MixingFog 1_1_l3at016g,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'submarine canyon'?","A. A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. B. A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. C. A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. D. Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,submarine canyon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000267 1_1_lzxw29cq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'spongiotrophoblast cell'?","A. Composite element formed by the fusion of the ischium and pubis. B. A triangular, anteroventrally facing area developed between the preaxial margin of the humerus and the proximal limb of the ventral humeral ridge. Based on Callier et al. 2009 . C. A trophoblast cell that arises in the junctional zone (basal plate) of the placenta. D. The medial portion of the spinal cord floor plate, located adjacent to the notochord.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,spongiotrophoblast cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002499 1_1_cvr22mpi,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hd DS55 days Computation'?","A. Number of days required from sowing to spike emergence from the flag leaf (DS55). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. B. The number of grains per spike can be measured independently by threshing a known number of randomly selected spikes per plot (10-20 spikes per plot) or can be calculated as: Grains per spike (GSP) = grains m2 / spikes m2. C. Number of days from sowing to first node detectable. However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date. D. Calculated from yield components sampling.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Hd DS55 days Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000231 1_1_7ktzrnm5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mfuzz'?","A. Processing annotation data from public data repositories and building annoation data packages. B. Analysis of array CGH data : detection of breakpoints in genomic profiles and assignment of a status (gain, normal or lost) to each chromosomal regions identified. C. Package for noise-robust soft clustering of gene expression time-series data (including a graphical user interface) D. Analyze microarray data",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Mfuzz,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000294 1_1_qjw3sodc,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Task [Atomic]'?","A. As the name implies, the End Event indicates where a process will end. B. Exclusive Gateway C. A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail. D. OutputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Task [Atomic],http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#task 1_1_8m8io651,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'salt glacier'?","A. An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. B. A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. C. A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. D. A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,salt glacier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000450 1_1_mp1vqqji,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrousness of pounded yam'?","A. Presenceof ?ber strands B. Texture of tuber flesh C. Oxidation ratio of flesh D. The optical appearance of boiled yam related with surface glossy or dullness and light scattering power of boiled yam structure",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fibrousness of pounded yam,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000450 1_1_i71bvpjw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lateral intercondylar tubercle of tibia'?","A. Intercondylar tubercle of tibia, each instance of which is a lateral spur projecting upward from the intercondylar eminence at the proximal epiphysis of some tibia. B. Intercondylar tubercle of tibia, each instance of which is a medial spur projecting upward from the intercondylar eminence at the proximal epiphysis of some tibia. C. Urethra, each instance of which in the male is a canal extending from the neck of some urinary bladder to some urinary meatus, and divided into some four parts: from some urinary bladder, pars intramuralis (or pars preprostatica), pars prostatica, pars membranacea (or pars intermedia), and the pars spongiosa. D. Wall of atrioventricular junction which is attached to the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lateral intercondylar tubercle of tibia,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma43765 1_1_xxfybspc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the quadriceps'?","A. Absence or underdevelopment of the quadriceps muscle. B. An abnormal blue color of the urine. C. Absence of the quadriceps muscle. D. Absence or underdevelopment involving the musculature of the thigh.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the quadriceps,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009787 1_1_vhyfnjcg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Set of right atrial veins'?","A. Radiological term which designates the radiolucent area located between articulating bones; it is occupied by a part of the synovial cavity and the radiolucent articular cartilages. B. Set of systemic veins, each instance of which an inconstant set of the smallest cardiac veins emptying into the left atrium of some heart. C. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers derived from the nucleus of some superior olive that terminates in relation to the hair cells in the spiral organ of some cochlea. D. Set of systemic veins, each instance of which a set of the smallest cardiac veins emptying into the right atrium of some heart.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Set of right atrial veins,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70823 1_1_kkq5kkt3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of avoidability of consequences'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about the direction and nature of the social attention surrounding an event. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about how avoidable the expected consequences of an event will be. C. An appraisal that represents a judgement that the expected consequences of an event are in principle avoidable or modfiable. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal of the extent to which something is good or beneficial.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of avoidability of consequences,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000091 1_1_pv1rz4a8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pseudopodium'?","A. A stem that is part of a gametophore. B. A branch that is part of a gametophore. C. A shoot axis that is part of a gametophore . D. A gametophore axis that is a leafless extension of a gametophore stem or branch on which a sporophyte is borne.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pseudopodium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030055 1_1_eibo58yp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of growth plate cartilage are generated and organized. B. The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte that will contribute to bone development are generated and organized. C. The process in which the structures of a chondrocyte in the growth plate cartilage are generated and organized. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,growth plate cartilage chondrocyte morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003429 1_1_a0n8sgzb,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain wave'?","A. Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. B. Mountain waves, lee waves, or trapped lee waves in the air stream flowing over the mountain barrier that occur in association with foehn conditions. The Moazagotl is one example of a foehn wave made visible by lee-wave clouds. C. A horizontal wavelike deformation of a front in the lower levels, commonly associated with a maximum of cyclonic circulation in the adjacent flow. It may develop into a wave cyclone. D. An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mountain wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/MountainWave 1_1_u2lblgb6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory sign'?","A. Objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining healthcare provider. B. A medical sign primarily affecting the respiratory system. C. Slang that is specific to, or primarily used within, the Latine lesbian community. D. A name applied to an ethnic group which has been created and is used by those belonging to that ethnic group.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,respiratory sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004097 1_1_qg7itiy2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ceramide binding'?","A. Binding to a peptide with hormonal activity in animals. B. Binding to a ceramide, a class of lipids composed of sphingosine linked to a fatty acid. Ceramides are a major component of cell membranes. C. Binding to melatonin. D. Binding to a sphingolipid, a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ceramide binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097001 1_1_v1zui0x2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nervous system'?","A. Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. B. The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. C. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. D. organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP].",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nervous system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016 1_1_smg8f0ec,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear medicine technologist'?","A. Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client according to written optical prescription or specification. Assist client with inserting, removing, and caring for contact lenses. Assist client with selecting frames. Measure customer for size of eyeglasses and coordinate frames with facial and eye measurements and optical prescription. Prepare work order for optical laboratory containing instructions for grinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verify exactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frame and lens position to fit client. May shape or reshape frames. Includes contact lens opticians. B. Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist. Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization, preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. C. Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases. D. Prepare, administer, and measure radioactive isotopes in therapeutic, diagnostic, and tracer studies using a variety of radioisotope equipment. Prepare stock solutions of radioactive materials and calculate doses to be administered by radiologists. Subject patients to radiation. Execute blood volume, red cell survival, and fat absorption studies following standard laboratory techniques.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,nuclear medicine technologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29203300 1_1_ilqqqci0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'F-actin monooxygenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-methionyl-[F-actin] + NADPH + O2 + H+ = L-methionyl-(R)-S-oxide-[F-actin] + NADP+ + H2O. B. Catalysis of the reaction: taxifolin + NAD(P)H + H+ + O2 = 2,3-dihydrogossypetin + NAD(P)+ + H2O. C. Catalysis of the meta-hydroxylation of any of the three phenolic rings on triferuloyl spermidine or any of its mono- or di-(hydroxyferuloyl)-spermidine derivatives. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 4-hydroxymandelonitrile + H2O + NADP+.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,F-actin monooxygenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0120501 1_1_z1ev5ssf,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other complications of procedures, not elsewhere classified'?","A. Infection in the body found after a procedure B. complication occurs during procedure C. heart failure following heart surgery D. Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"other complications of procedures, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000528 1_1_1q945b7i,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'freshwater marsh'?","A. Open to view or not covered by another entity. B. A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. C. A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). D. A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,freshwater marsh,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000053 1_1_g56uva9i,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain wave cloud'?","A. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. B. A stationary bank of cirriform cloud marking the upper portion of the system of lenticular clouds formed in the lee wave produced by flow across the Sudeten Mountains in southeastern Germany; a type of foehn cloud. C. A cloud that forms in the rising branches of mountain waves and occupies the crests of the waves. The most distinctive are the sharp-edged, lens-, or almond-shaped lenticular clouds, but a variety of stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus forms appear in both the main, vertically propagating waves and in the lee waves. See mountain wave, foehn cloud. D. 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mountain wave cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/MountainWaveCloud 1_1_6qi4e7ss,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'template generated ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template. B. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) C. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. D. An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,template generated ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000015 1_1_830d6q2x,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decision'?","A. Act of law: a public act by a legislative body which creates an expression with legal status; the legal status depends on the jurisdiction of the legislative body. B. A legal speech act creates some propositional attitude towards a legal expression. C. Delegate: entrust a task or responsibility to some other person D. NOTE: Cannot express that the 'promised' act corresponds to the act qualified by the statement in writing",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Decision,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Decision 1_1_z3086131,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flower color'?","A. Stem diameter B. Number of roots in 5-10cm below soil surface region with a diameter greater than 1.5mm at 2cm from hypocotyl that are perpendicular to the tap root C. Flower color D. Average width of seeds",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flower color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000431 1_1_t9ka9of5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ partners'?","A. A spouse or other person with whom one shares a domestic, romantic or sexual bond. B. A partner in a polyamorous relationship who is noted as having a higher degree of emotional and/or sexual involvement than a non-primary partner. C. Older persons who are LGBTQIA+. D. Partners who are LGBTQIA+.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ partners,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007837 1_1_famdv6k7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Saccharomyces infectious disease'?","A. An infectious disease by fungi of the genus Saccharomyces. B. A young person who is bisexual. C. A disease by infectious agent that results in infection, has material basis in fungi, which pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body. D. Physical or virtual space such as a social center, online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact. Some social spaces such as town squares or parks are public places; others such as pubs, websites, or shopping malls are privately owned and regulated.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Saccharomyces infectious disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010060 1_1_wrez1o7q,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bee hive'?","A. An animal habitation that is assembled by a wasp. These may be in the ground, in wall cavities, or in sheltered areas. B. An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). C. An animal habitation that is assembled by colonies of organisms in the clade Anthophila (bees). Each nest is composed of multiple honeycombs, constructed using beeswax for the purposes of rearing young and storing honey and pollen. D. A bee hive that occurs naturally without human intervention, typically found in environments such as tree cavities, rock crevices, or underground burrows.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bee hive,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000159 1_1_3edgaoix,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'court, municipal, or license clerk'?","A. Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees. B. Read meter and record consumption of electricity, gas, water, or steam. C. Monitor the health status of an individual with disabilities or illness, and address their health-related needs, such as changing bandages, dressing wounds, or administering medication. Work is performed under the direction of offsite or intermittent onsite licensed nursing staff. Provide assistance with routine healthcare tasks or activities of daily living, such as feeding, bathing, toileting, or ambulation. May also help with tasks such as preparing meals, doing light housekeeping, and doing laundry depending on the patient's abilities. D. Operate subway or elevated suburban trains with no separate locomotive, or electric-powered streetcar, to transport passengers. May handle fares.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"court, municipal, or license clerk",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43403100 1_1_kol1nc9o,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptide amidation'?","A. An innate immune response evasion mechanism in which a symbiont methylates the 2'-O-ribose of the first or second transcribed nucleotide of its mRNAs. Methylation allows evasion of the host innate immune response, which degrades cap0 (non-methylated) mRNAs. This mechanism of immune evasion is used by viruses. B. The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide. C. Catalytic reaction :(L-glutamyl)n-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ATP + L-glutamate = (L-glutamyl)n+1-L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamyl-[protein] + ADP + H+ + phosphate. D. The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,peptide amidation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001519 1_1_nfv1ofbf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Intermediate filament protein'?","A. Protein that primarily constitutes an intermediate filament which provide strength or anchorage of other cellular structures. Examples: keratin, vimentin, desmin. B. Protein which consists of beta sheets. C. Protein which consists of alpha helices. D. Protein which consists of alpha helices and beta sheets.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Intermediate filament protein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67295 1_1_kab6s6mt,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ShortRead'?","A. Classification using generalized partial least squares for two-group and multi-group (more than 2 group) classification. B. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) represents the largest public repository of microarray data. However, finding data of interest can be challenging using current tools. GEOmetadb is an attempt to make access to the metadata associated with samples, platforms, and datasets much more feasible. This is accomplished by parsing all the NCBI GEO metadata into a SQLite database that can be stored and queried locally. GEOmetadb is simply a thin wrapper around the SQLite database along with associated documentation. Finally, the SQLite database is updated regularly as new data is added to GEO and can be downloaded at will for the most up-to-date metadata. C. Find significantly enriched gene classifications in a list of functionally undescribed genes based on their InterPro domain structure. D. Base classes, functions, and methods for representation of high-throughput, short-read sequencing data.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ShortRead,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000422 1_1_7z8zio86,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'diazaborine'?","A. A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxy-3-methylbenzamide in which the the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by benzyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]amino and (diethylamino)methyl groups, respectively. It is a cell-permeable, potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9, EC 3.4.24.35). B. A chloroindole that is 3-chloro-1H-indole substituted by a [(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfonyl]nitrilo group at position 7. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a potential anti-cancer agent currently in clinical development. C. A organonitrogen heterocyclic compound consisting of 2,3,1-benzodiazaborinine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by hydroxy and 4-toluenesufonyl groups respectively. D. A organic heteromonocyclic compound that consists of a cylcopentane ring in which two carbon atoms are replaced by a sulfur and nitrogen atom respectively.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,diazaborine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83945 1_1_88onnino,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-ManpNAc4P-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp'?","A. An amino disaccharide consisting of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond. B. An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside. C. An amino disaccharide that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-L-galactopyranoside. D. The amino disaccharide beta-D-ManpNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp phosphorylated at O-4 of the mannosyl residue.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-ManpNAc4P-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_182971 1_1_c4mmedi2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'novolactone'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are replaced by a 5-hydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-ylidene group (the 1R,5R,6S stereoisomer). B. A secondary alcohol that is decane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. C. A natural product isolated from a fungal strain closely related to Aporospora terricola. It is an allosteric inhibitor of Hsp70. D. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 7. Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,novolactone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156497 1_1_1l5ggmt1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethoxy(isopropylamino)phosphinate'?","A. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(S)-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-5-cyano-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy}(phenoxy)phosphoryl]-L-alanine with the hydroxy group of 2-ethylbutan-1-ol. A broad-spectrum antiviral prodrug with potent in vitro antiviral activity against a diverse panel of RNA viruses such as Ebola virus, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. It is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Covid-19 in adults. B. Major species at pH 7.3. C. A nucleotide conjugate that is produced by Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K-84. A 'Trojan horse' antibiotic used to control crown gall. D. A phosphoric ester (phosphate) that has an NR2 instead of an OH group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ethoxy(isopropylamino)phosphinate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156215 1_1_smrnw4v0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rintact'?","A. Wraper functions for description/comparison of oligo ID list using Gene Ontology database B. Functions for creating PostgreSQL database tables, with auto incrementing primary keys, selection of foreign keys to allow referencial integrity and a logging mechanism. C. A package that implements some simple capabilities for representing and manipulating hypergraphs. D. Queries and data structures for protein interactions",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Rintact,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000361 1_1_2pmp7blj,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'double blinded study'?","A. A clinical study that is designed using a procedure in which one or more parties to the study [subject(s), investigator(s), monitor, or/and data analyst(s)] are kept unaware of the treatment assignment(s). B. An interventional study in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment; a double-blind procedure is used to guard against both experimenter bias and placebo effects. C. An omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component. D. An interventional study in which the person collecting the data knows whether the subjects are in the control or experimental groups but the subjects do not.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,double blinded study,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0000358 1_1_xsd1j3ly,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'wind storm'?","A. An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. B. An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. C. A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. D. An atmospheric storm during which winds flow with increased rates.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,wind storm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001749 1_1_qjse5gqz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lower respiratory tract'?","A. Lymph node group which is located in the abdomen. B. Mucoid tissue in the vitreous chamber of the eyeball. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left vitreous bodies. C. Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the tracheobronchial tree, right lung and left lung. D. Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lower respiratory tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662 1_1_y5jzctib,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SIM'?","A. The package contains parallelized functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The package is designed for large numbers of microarray data. B. Provides visualization tools for flow cytometry data C. Finds associations between DNA copy number and gene expression. D. A fairly extensive and comprehensive interface to the graph algorithms contained in the BOOST library.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SIM,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000382 1_1_94okpsxe,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'crocin-1'?","A. A diterpenoid isolated from the aerial parts of Ajuga bracteosa and has been shown to exhibit antifeedant activity. B. A rutinoside consisting of cyanidin having the rutinosyl group at the 3-position. C. A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol. D. A methyl glycoside comprising methyl beta-D-glucoside having an beta-D-galactosyl residue at the 4-position.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,crocin-1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_79068 1_1_yiopkesd,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pumice'?","A. A group of fine-grained, generally porphyritic, extrusive igneous rocks having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals as the main components, and possibly a small amount of sodic plagioclase. B. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69% silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. C. Light-colored, frothy volcanic rock, usually of dacite or rhyolite composition, formed by the expansion of gas in erupting lava. Commonly seen as lumps or fragments of pea-size and larger, but can also occur abundantly as ash-sized particles. D. Magma that extrudes onto the surface of earth is called lava. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pumice,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Pumice 1_1_pfu328jl,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'unswitched memory B cell'?","A. A memory B cell that lacks expression of surface IgD. B. An unswitched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD27-positive, CD138-negative, IgG-negative, IgE-negative, and IgA-negative. C. A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative. D. An CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is an unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,unswitched memory B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000970 1_1_0lxr7mhz,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Candela'?","A. The angstrom is a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre. B. The candela is the SI base unit of luminous intensity, i.e., the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function (a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths). C. Ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100). D. The ampere is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units.",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Candela,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Candela 1_1_u7odvrwj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'BSgenome''?","A. Equivalence with EDAM http://edamontology.org/format_2330, please use that class instead. B. Equivalence with EDAM http://edamontology.org/format_2332, please use that instead. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'BSgenome',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000059 1_1_27b3rzlj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geonym'?","A. Narrowly, a name of an urban element; broadly, the name of an element which is anthropogenic in nature. B. Loneliness is an unpleasant emotion in which a person feels a strong sense of emptiness, yearning distress and solitude resulting from inadequate quantity or quality of social relationships. C. A name of a geographical feature on the planet Earth. D. A name of a place.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,geonym,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012656 1_1_8ki2pa4o,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 5'?","A. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia characterized by adult onset of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and signs and symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RNASEH1 gene on chromosome 2p25.3. B. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TWNK gene on chromosome 10q24.31. C. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the POLG gene on chromosome 15q26.1. D. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TOP3A gene on chromosome 17p11.2.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111524 1_1_z1idrv32,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petal abaxial epidermis'?","A. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a petal . B. A portion of petal epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a petal . C. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a petal . D. A portion of petal epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a petal .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petal abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006052 1_1_eowagy0f,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of clathrin coat assembly'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of clathrin coat assembly. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosome assembly. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of clathrin coat assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905443 1_1_cbcuo8gh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'altostratus'?","A. A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance. B. Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. C. A pressure trough of smaller scale than a long-wave trough. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory cyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave. D. A stationary bank of cirriform cloud marking the upper portion of the system of lenticular clouds formed in the lee wave produced by flow across the Sudeten Mountains in southeastern Germany; a type of foehn cloud.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,altostratus,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/Altostratus 1_1_ik51d9kg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid that is cyclohexane substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. B. A C20-gibberellin that consists of a tetracyclic skeleton bearing two carboxy and a formyl group. C. A tricyclic triterpenoid isolated from Poria cocos. D. A C20-gibberellin.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145052 1_1_p5mzfm7r,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'infant clothing'?","A. Clothing, as sorted by the age group of the wearer. B. Clothing primarily utilized by adults. C. Clothing for infants. D. Clothing designed for use by children.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,infant clothing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005014 1_1_o4q3e8sm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell death'?","A. The process of cell death in a neuron. B. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle. C. The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. D. Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cell death,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219 1_1_wdssq2hv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction. B. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031451 1_1_tblxivi7,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Problem'?","A. Not to be confused with the actual writing/document itself, which is the medium of the statement. B. An observation is the role played by some proposition believed to be true or false through observation of an agent. C. A surprise is an observation that deviates from an expectation. D. A problem is an observation that deviates from an Intention.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Problem,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Problem 1_1_whk7uvtc,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'medulloblastoma'?","A. A medulloblastoma that is characterized by the presence of nodular, collagenous areas which do not contain reticulin, surrounded by hypercellular areas which contain an intercellular reticulin fiber network. B. A brain cancer that is located_in the infratentorial region. C. A medulloblastoma that is characterized as a molecular subtype by activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and TP53 mutations that may be present or absent. D. An infratentorial cancer that is located_in the lower part of the brain and is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,medulloblastoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050902 1_1_fb6ef7ya,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Duplication of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger'?","A. Partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx of middle finger. B. This term applies if one or more of the distal phalanges of the hand are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. C. This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the 2nd finger are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated. D. Partial or complete duplication of the distal phalanx of index finger.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Duplication of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009948 1_1_7753edvh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'outdoor power equipment or other small engine mechanic'?","A. Pick up and deliver messages, documents, packages, and other items between offices or departments within an establishment or directly to other business concerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, or public conveyance. B. Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines. C. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul small engines used to power lawn mowers, chain saws, recreational sporting equipment, and related equipment. D. Set up and operate motion picture projection and related sound reproduction equipment.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,outdoor power equipment or other small engine mechanic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49305300 1_1_swtaso69,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Enter_in_Force_Date'?","A. The date when the formal act by which a legislative body freezes the document into its final form, it is the time when the document can be said to have begun its existence. B. The date when a dnormative document becomes law and enters the legal system for the first time. This is the moment in the doucment's history starting from which the document can be amended, its applicability assessed, and its manner of producing an effect determined. C. The date when a modification is applied to the destination legislative document. The date can be instantaneous, in the future or in the past. Normally this date coincides with the date of efficacy of the text in which the modification takes place. D. A static temporal entity captures a single moment in the norm's life that is fixed over time.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Enter_in_Force_Date,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Enter_in_Force_Date 1_1_1qgyt1gq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'tesamorelin'?","A. A mimotope of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 component (PDC-E2) comprising a (2E)-3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoyl- group linked to the lipoated PDC-E2 core dodecapeptide (DKATIGFEVQEE) at N-6 of lysine. B. A 33-membered polypeptide consisting of His, Gly, Asp, Gly, Ser, Phe, Ser, Asp, Glu, Met, Asn, Thr, Ile, Leu, Asp, Asn, Leu, Ala, Ala, Arg, Asp, Phe, Ile, Asn, Trp, Leu, Ile, Gln, Thr, Lys, Ile, Thr and Asp residues joined in sequence. A glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor agonist used for the treatment of short-bowel syndrome. C. A polypeptide that is a synthetic analogue of human GRF (Growth Releasing Factor) comprised of the 44 amino-acid sequence of human GRF with a hex-3-enoyl moiety attached to the tyrosine residue at the N-terminal part of the molecule. It is used to stimulate human GRF receptors. D. A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,tesamorelin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63626 1_1_7wni9q4g,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'MT-RNR2 Gene'?","A. Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. B. This gene plays a role in both mitochondrial protein translation and apoptosis regulation. C. An interventional study in which the person collecting the data knows whether the subjects are in the control or experimental groups but the subjects do not. D. A gene of Homo sapiens that has a RNA gene disposition",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,MT-RNR2 Gene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C131258 1_1_o29ls0gz,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'thermokarst'?","A. Any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions. B. A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. C. A land surface characterised by very irregular surfaces of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed as ice-rich permafrost thaws. D. An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depresson on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited with further melting.[Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,thermokarst,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/Thermokarst 1_1_rx3wiciw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'opioid use behaviour pattern'?","A. A substance use behaviour pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule. B. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco use. C. A consumption behaviour pattern that involves substance use behaviour. D. A substance use behaviour pattern in which the substance used is an opioid.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,opioid use behaviour pattern,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001138 1_1_k04r9q6y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'white fat cell proliferation'?","A. The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. B. The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species. C. An enterocyte that is located in the anorectum. D. The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,white fat cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070343 1_1_su51b2da,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intracellular anatomical structure'?","A. A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. B. An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed. C. A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. D. A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,intracellular anatomical structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005622 1_1_50m9tjwm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of motile cilium assembly'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of motile cilium assembly. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cilium.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of motile cilium assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905503 1_1_0wza9luj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of acute inflammatory response'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of acute inflammatory response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002675 1_1_3jikt1z9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tap root diameter at 5 - Shovelomics Method'?","A. Measure the mean of tap diameter 10cm below soil surface of 10 plants per experimental plot B. Average number of seeds per pod from 20 random pod samples per plot C. Measure the mean of tap diameter 5cm below soil surface of 10 plants per experimental plot D. Visual assessment of the tickness of the pod wall",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tap root diameter at 5 - Shovelomics Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000785 1_1_cqsyv3qa,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Li content'?","A. Li content B. Carbohydrate / fiber content C. Cl content D. Cr content",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Li content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_360:0000068 1_1_aa5y5403,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'raster image format'?","A. A raster image is a format for representing a rectangular grid of dots (pixels) which contains information on the specific colour of each pixel. B. A vector image is a collection of connected lines and curves that produce objects. This geometric description enables the image to be displayed without loss at any size rendering. C. JPEG is a lossy file format for storing images D. The BMP File Format is a Raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter).",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,raster image format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000020 1_1_s54i013x,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as being disliked'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the causal intent of the person who (is evaluated to have) caused an event. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a judgement that one is being disliked C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of who or what caused an event. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a judgement that one is being liked",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as being disliked,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000191 1_1_r2ghbhdf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'photolysis'?","A. Dissolution or solvation is the process of dissolving a solid substance into a solvent to yield a solution. [Wikipedia] B. Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. It is defined as the interaction of one or more photons with one target molecule. [Wikipedia] C. Adsorption is the accumulation of atoms or molecules on the surface of a material. This process creates a film of the adsorbate (the molecules or atoms being accumulated) on the adsorbent's surface. [Wikipedia] D. Nucleation is the extremely localized budding of a distinct thermodynamic phase. Some examples of phases that may form via nucleation in liquids are gaseous bubbles, crystals, or glassy regions.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,photolysis,http://sweetontology.net/procChemical/Photolysis 1_1_7luptkgs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hu/hum/hus/humself pronouns'?","A. Any of various pronoun sets including hu, hum, and hus. B. A pronoun set composed of hu, hum, hus, and huself. C. A pronoun set composed of hu, hum, hus, and humself. D. The act of obfuscating; intending to conceal the truth by confusion.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,hu/hum/hus/humself pronouns,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011671 1_1_01mvdnu4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ala-Trp'?","A. A dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-tryptophan residues. B. A dipeptide that is glutathione in which the amino group on the glutamyl residue has been replaced by an oxo group. C. A dipeptide formed from L-arginyl and L-alanine residues. D. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-tyrosine with the amino group of L-methionine.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Ala-Trp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73808 1_1_8r3scc9g,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root to shoot ratio - Method'?","A. The mean leaf width for a plant 75 days after planting. B. Calculation of incidence as the percentage of dead plants. C. Specific leaf areas were estimated using the first expanded leaves of 4 lateral branches on each plant taken in the morning 120 days following germination. D. Ratio of the weight of the above ground biomass to that of the below ground biomass",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root to shoot ratio - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000184 1_1_fdq1ih20,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyruvate'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. B. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. C. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvic acid. D. An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion in which the oxo group is located at the 2-position.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,pyruvate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15361 1_1_ttndavcs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'phospholipid'?","A. A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. B. Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone. C. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. D. A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,phospholipid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16247 1_1_qly5jsus,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. In eukaryotes, these function as carriers of mono- and oligosaccharide residues in the glycosylation of lipids and proteins within intracellular membranes.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045338 1_1_myhelac6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'kidney glomerular epithelial cell'?","A. An epithelial cell that is part of the glomerular capsule. B. Any kidney epithelial cell that is part of some glomerular epithelium. C. Head muscle that originates on the anterior region of the cleithrum and inserts on the urohyal. The hypobranchial forms initially as left and right parts that later fuse together forming a cone shape. D. Any kidney corpuscule cell that is part of some renal glomerulus.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,kidney glomerular epithelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000510 1_1_7bt07lox,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transverse cervical nerve'?","A. Peripheral nerve, each instance of which consists of nerve fibers from some second and third cervical spinal nerves, and supplies skin over some parotid gland, mastoid process and surface of outer ear. B. Peripheral nerve, each instance of which consists of nerve fibers from some second and third cervical spinal nerves, and supplies skin of the anterolateral oarts of some neck. C. Peripheral nerve, each instance of which consists of nerve fibers from some third and fourth cervical spinal nerves. D. Peripheral nerve, each instance of which consists of nerve fibers from some third, fourth and fifth cervical spinal nerves, and provides motor and sonsory innervation to some diaphragm.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Transverse cervical nerve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma6873 1_1_cwdf16hb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shoot: length of tendrils'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shoot: length of tendrils,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000141 1_1_w9sa9ah4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute erythroid leukemia'?","A. An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by blasts with evidence of significant maturation in the neutrophilic lineage. B. An acute myeloid leukemia associated with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), resulting in the expression of RPN1-EVI1 fusion protein and the reposition of a distal GATA2 enhancer to activate MECOM expression. C. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by a predominant immature erythroid population. D. An acute myeloid leukemia with mutation of the nucleophosmin gene. It is usually associated with normal karyotype and frequently has myelomonocytic or monocytic features.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute erythroid leukemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080780 1_1_yl5rfkf2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''CMA''?","A. This package was developed to simplify the use of Bioconductor tools for beginners having limited or no experience in writing R code. This library provides a graphical interface allowing QC, filtering, statistical validation, and alternative splicing analysis. B. Most analyses of Affymetrix GeneChip data are based on point estimates of expression levels and ignore the uncertainty of such estimates. By propagating uncertainty to downstream analyses we can improve results from microarray analyses. For the first time, the puma package makes a suite of uncertainty propagation methods available to a general audience. puma also offers improvements in terms of scope and speed of execution over previously available uncertainty propagation methods. C. This package provides a comprehensive collection of various microarray-based classification algorithms both from Machine Learning and Statistics. Variable Selection, Hyperparameter tuning, Evaluation and Comparison can be performed combined or stepwise in a user-friendly environment. D. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'CMA',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100055 1_1_qulxapul,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'brumaiwi'?","A. An Atsugewi person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. This person wears a faux penis and performs tasks culturally determined as female and male, but continues to wear culturally female clothing. B. A Southern Maidu person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Northern Paiute person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities. D. An Cheyenne person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,brumaiwi,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002049 1_1_9w06v650,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'atypical autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy'?","A. An adult onset demyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autonomic abnormalities, pyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, and symmetric demyelination of the CNS, presenting in the fourth or fifth decade of life, and that has_material_basis_in a heterozygous tandem genomic duplication on chromosome 5q23 that results in an extra copy of the lamin B1 gene (LMNB1), but also alters regulatory sequences that affect expression of other genes. B. A leukodystrophy that is characterized by central nervous system demyelination, leading to autonomic dysfunction, ataxia and mild cognitive impairment. C. An adult onset demyelinating leukodystrophy that is characterized by pyramidal signs with weakness and spasticity, dysarthria, dysautonomia, and white matter alterations affecting the cerebrum and corticospinal tracts while sparing the cerebellum and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous deletion involving regulatory elements upstream of the LMNB1 gene on chromosome 5q23. Atypical ADLD can be distinguished from typical ADLD by lack of early involvement of the autonomic nervous system and sparing of the cerebellum clinically and on brain imaging. D. A Leydig cell hypoplasia characterized by variable features ranging from micropenis to severe hypospadias and bifid scrotum that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous partial inactivation mutation in the LHCGR gene on chromosome 2p16.3.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,atypical autosomal dominant adult-onset demyelinating leukodystrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051014 1_1_7gkuwpsd,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legal_Person'?","A. A legal entity is a natural person or a legal construct through which the law allows a group of natural persons to act as if it were a single composite individual for certain purposes. The most common purposes are lawsuits, property ownership, and contracts. Sometimes referred to as corporate personhood or legal personality, this concept allows for easy conduct of business by having ownership, lawsuits, and agreements under the name of the legal entity instead of the several names of the people making up the entity. A legal entity is not necessarily distinct from the natural persons of which it is composed. Most legal entities are simply amalgamations of the persons that make it up for convenience's sake. A legal entity that does have a separate existence from its members is called a company or corporation. This distinction gives the corporation its unique perpetual succession privilege and is usually also the source of the limited liability of corporate members. Some other legal entities also enjoy limited liability of members, but not on account of separate existence (Source: Wikipedia.org) B. A legal speech act creates some propositional attitude towards a legal expression. C. A public body or body created by an act of law to serve a public interest D. A legal person as defined in private law",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Legal_Person,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Legal_Person 1_1_69jo9706,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'low income'?","A. Persons encountering health services for examinations, Genetic carrier and genetic susceptibility to disease, Resistance to antimicrobial drugs, etc B. presence of breast implant C. Encounter for general adult medical examination D. low amount of income (financial)",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,low income,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000538 1_1_esh30dmo,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'informatics'?","A. The development of informatics knowledge and predictions, principally in natural sciences but also in other empirical sciences, which are used as the scientific foundation for applied informatics. Basic informatics develops and establishes information to predict phenomena and perhaps to understand nature. B. The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. C. The study of the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial computational systems. D. The systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,informatics,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011171 1_1_litffsac,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'derivative code linked same license'?","A. Derivative code same license is a restrictive derivatives clause where derivative software must be released under the same license. B. Derivative code linked same license is a restrictive derivatives clause where code may only be linked to in derivative software that is released under the same license. C. Permission required for derivative work is a clause which restricts the production of derivative work based on the licensed resource only to licensees who have received explicit permission in the manner stipulated by the resource. D. Restrictions on derivative software is a derivatives clause which allows the creation of derivatives but which also places some kind of restriction on how derivative software may be created.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,derivative code linked same license,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000034 1_1_vidnwkya,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Constitutional symptom'?","A. Any abnormality of the eye, including location, spacing, and intraocular abnormalities. B. A symptom or manifestation indicating a systemic or general effect of a disease and that may affect the general well-being or status of an individual. C. An abnormality of the ear. D. Sudden feelings of warmth that are generally most pronounced over the face, neck and chest.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Constitutional symptom,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025142 1_1_75r4eder,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'halocline'?","A. The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the euphotic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity. B. The profundal zone is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone. C. In oceanography, a Halocline is a strong, vertical salinity gradient. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification. D. The limnetic zone is the well-lit, open surface waters farther from shore in a lake. It is surrounded by the littoral zone and above the profundal zone",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,halocline,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/Halocline 1_1_dncd29jz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'koniocellular cell'?","A. A neuron that has its soma located in the mammillary body. B. A neuron with a small cell body that is located in a koniocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). C. Neuron of lateral ventricle. D. An excitatory neuron that has its soma located in the thalamic complex. This neuron type can be involved in a series of circuits related to sensory integration, motor integration, pain processing, social behaviour and reward response.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,koniocellular cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023187 1_1_u7zfyikj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Larynx'?","A. heteregenous anatomical cluster which has as its parts periodontium, alveolar bone of maxilla or mandible, cement of tooth and region of gingiva around the tooth. B. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of two or more organ subclasses and one or more organ part subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: larynx, internal ear, pharynx. C. Heterogeneous cluster that connects the pharynx to the tracheobronchial tree. Examples: There is only one larynx. D. Heterogeneous cluster which surrounds thoracic cavity and its content; and which includes the ribcage, muscle group of thoracic wall and costal pleura. Examples: There is only one thoracic wall.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Larynx,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55097 1_1_t35zhnl7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cotyledon abaxial epidermis'?","A. A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a cotyledon . B. A portion of leaf epidermis which is the abaxial/lower epidermis of the cotyledon . C. A portion of leaf epidermis which is the adaxial/upper epidermis of the cotyledon . D. A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cotyledon abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006057 1_1_9j7xt79i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cholinergic agonist'?","A. Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. B. Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. C. An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. D. Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cholinergic agonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38324 1_1_oqyrbanf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'static stability'?","A. The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. B. The ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy. C. An instability of the basic flow of an incompressible inviscid fluid in two parallel infinite streams of different velocities and densities. D. state of a layer of atmosphere when it has superadiabatic lapse rate of temperature",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,static stability,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidInstability/StaticStability 1_1_oilmuzeg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant ovary placenta'?","A. A portion of placenta tissue which is part of a plant ovary , and to which plant ovary ovules are attached. B. A portion of plant tissue at the interface between two plant structures, one of which is in a gametophyte development stage and one of which is in a sporophyte development stage , and that has as parts transfer cells . C. A portion of placenta tissue that is part of a fruit and to which seeds are attached. D. A portion of ovary placenta tissue which divides a plant ovary into two or more chambers, and develops from contact of the placental tissue from opposite sides of the plant ovary early in gynoecium development .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant ovary placenta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020001 1_1_4s8mhjij,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the anterior wall of the left ventricle. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the posterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle and is continuous with the subendocardial branch of the posterior division of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is an abnormal ventricular myocardium strand that connects the atrial and ventricular myocardial tissues around the atrioventricularjunction and causes the abnormal cardiac rhythm known as the Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9489 1_1_ddwgd0kx,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'producer of product'?","A. A role preformed by an individual who participates in administering a substance orally. B. A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. C. A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. D. A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes that bring the product into existence or purpose it as a product.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,producer of product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000278 1_1_22nd2ygc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular leaf post-expansion stage'?","A. A vascular leaf development stage which begins with the onset of the vascular leaf anlagen formation stage and ends with the termination of the vascular leaf primordium polarity determination stage . B. A vascular leaf development stage during which vascular leaf size increases primarily through cell expansion. C. A vascular leaf development stage that begins when the vascular leaf is fully expanded and ends with the onset of the vascular leaf senescence stage . D. A vascular leaf development stage that begins with the formation of a abscission zone at the base of a vascular leaf and ends with leaf separation and death.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular leaf post-expansion stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001053 1_1_jd9uo03n,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleated reticulocyte'?","A. An erythrocyte having a nucleus. B. An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. C. A reticulocyte that retains the nucleus and other organelles. Found in birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. D. A cell with a single nucleus.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nucleated reticulocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002421 1_1_a9cp7qr1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'equal opportunity representative or officer'?","A. Manage, improve, and protect natural resources to maximize their use without damaging the environment. May conduct soil surveys and develop plans to eliminate soil erosion or to protect rangelands. May instruct farmers, agricultural production managers, or ranchers in best ways to use crop rotation, contour plowing, or terracing to conserve soil and water; in the number and kind of livestock and forage plants best suited to particular ranges; and in range and farm improvements, such as fencing and reservoirs for stock watering. B. Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation. C. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education. D. Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws, guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and contracting arrangements give equal opportunity without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,equal opportunity representative or officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13104103 1_1_crbbhfor,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-tryptophan + O2 = CO2 + H2O + indole-3-acetamide. B. Catalysis of the reactions: chlorophyllide a + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH + 2 O2 = chlorophyllide b + 3 H2O + 2 NADP+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 8'-apo-beta-carotenol + O2 = (E,E)-7-hydroxy-6-methylhepta-3,5-dienal + 14'-apo-beta-carotenal. D. Catalysis of the reaction: Cypridina luciferin + O2 = oxidized Cypridina luciferin + CO2 + light.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chlorophyllide a oxygenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010277 1_1_wu6zn1eg,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'SCF-Pof5 ubiquitin ligase complex'?","A. An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Met30 in S. cerevisiae (Pof1 in S pombe). B. A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1). C. An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Pof5 in S. pombe (YDR306C in S. cerevisiae). D. An SCF ubiquitin ligase complex in which the F-box protein is Grr1 in S. cerevisiae (Pof2 in S. pombe).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,SCF-Pof5 ubiquitin ligase complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097672 1_1_cvrogpen,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormality of urine homeostasis'?","A. A deviation from normal range of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen. A decreased ESR may be seen in polycythemia or in certain blood diseases in which red blood cells have an irregular or smaller shape that causes slower settling. B. Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body. C. An abnormality of the composition of urine or the levels of its components. D. Any deviation from the normal range of a protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormality of urine homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003110 1_1_etbmiulb,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adverse drug effect'?","A. an adverse effect that occurs after a drug administration: an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product B. A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. C. A sequence alteration that is very rare allele in a population (typically <1%), or an experimentally-induced variation that derives from a wild-type feature in a given strain. D. A mental disposition is a bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,adverse drug effect,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OAE_0001011 1_1_hujvwrg5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender genocide'?","A. A stylistic movement in Western orchestral music associated with the period of the nineteenth century commonly referred to as the Romantic era (or Romantic period). It is closely related to the broader concept of Romanticism—the intellectual, artistic and literary movement that became prominent in Europe from approximately 1800 until 1910. B. Genocide against gay persons. C. Genocide against transgender persons. D. Genocide against LGBTQIA+ persons.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender genocide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012606 1_1_9ddf4qo5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'NREM parasomnia'?","A. Episodes of intense fear, screaming, and flailing occur even though the affected individuals are still asleep. B. Ambulation or other complex motor behaviors may occur after getting out of bed in a sleep-like state. During sleepwalking episodes, the individual who is somnambulating appears confused or dazed, with their eyes usually open. They may mumble or give inappropriate answers to questions, and occasionally appear agitated. C. A parasomnia that occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. D. An undesirable physical event or experience that occurs during the process of falling asleep, while asleep, or when waking up from sleep.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,NREM parasomnia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025235 1_1_7dhf2dvg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleation scavenging'?","A. Water vapor that removes particulate matter from the atmosphere B. A measure of the extinction due to scattering of monochromatic radiation as it traverses a medium containing scattering particles. C. If a solar prominence occurs on the disc of the sun it appears darker than its background (due to the lower temperature of the plasma). These are referred to as solar filaments. D. Removal of pollutants from the air by either rain or snow. Rainout (or snowout), which is the in-cloud capture of particulates as condensation nuclei, is one form of scavenging.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,nucleation scavenging,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoTransport/NucleationScavenging 1_1_do0kkldw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease'?","A. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes permanent damage to the lungs, making it hard to breathe B. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs C. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs D. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes airway inflammation and reduced air flow from exacerbations",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000194 1_1_jv0wr28q,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deep cerebral vein'?","A. Anatomical compartment space bounded superiorly and inferiorly by ribs, posteriorly by endothoracic fascia and anteriorly by superficial fasca; contains intercostal fascia, muscles, veins, arteries and nerves. B. Cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the inner region of some cerebral hemisphere. C. Deep cerebral vein, each instance of which arises at some anterior perforated substance, passes backward and around some cerebral peduncle and empties into some internal cerebral vein. D. Transudate contained in the pleural cavity.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Deep cerebral vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50989 1_1_v5klted1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'single-blind study design'?","A. An interventional study design in which the participants are not informed about which of two or more interventions they are to experience until after an endpoint has been reached. B. A study design that includes specification of some intervention as part of the study process. C. An interventional study design in which all the participants receive the same type of intervention. D. An interventional study design in which neither the investigators carrying out the study nor the participants are informed about which of two or more interventions the participants are to experience until the data set has been locked in preparation for the statistical analysis to be carried out.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,single-blind study design,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001299 1_1_g7gwvtit,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Internal carotid artery'?","A. Subdivision of common carotid artery, each instance of which supplies some brain. B. Subdivision of internal jugular vein, each instance of which drains blood from some forehead, eyelids, outer region of some nose, lips, submental region, masseter, parotid gland, pterygoid plexus, palatine tonsils and soft palate. C. Subdivision of common carotid artery, each instance of which has anterior branches to some thyroid gland, part of some larynx above vocal cords, some tongue and superficial part of some face, posterior branches to areas posterior to some external ear, some neck and back of some head and terminal branches to lateral part of some scalp and deep parts of some face. D. Visceral serous pericardium of superior pulmonary vein which is attached to the left superior pulmonary vein.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Internal carotid artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma3947 1_1_fcu6b7m3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'RNA nucleotide deletion'?","A. The modification of an RNA molecule by insertion of one or more nucleotides. B. The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. C. The modification of an RNA molecule by removal of a single nucleotide. D. The posttranscriptional addition of one or more acetyl groups to specific residues in an RNA molecule.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,RNA nucleotide deletion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070706 1_1_4pjdcp72,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'drimenol'?","A. A aminodiol that is diethanolamine in which the amino hydrogen has been replaced by an ethyl group. It is a metabolite of nitrogen mustards. B. A labdane diterpenoid that is 7,11,13-labdatrien-16,15-olide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7 and an oxo group at position 6. Isolated from the rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum, it exhibits cytotoxicity against the Colo-205 (Colo-cancer), A-431 (skin cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), A-549 (lung cancer) and Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). C. A member of the class of oxanes isolated from the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against murine leukemia cells. D. A sesquiterpenoid primary alcohol, being methanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,drimenol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61148 1_1_8ghcteeg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vestibular ligament'?","A. Myocardium of region of ventricle which is continuous with the fibrous ring of mitral valve. B. Intrinsic ligament of larynx, each instance of which is a membrane that extends from some thyroid cartilage in front to the anterolateral part of some arytenoid cartilage behind; it lies within some vestibular fold, above some vocal ligament. C. Anatomical structure which consists of biological molecules held together by intermolecular bonds (ionic interaction, hydrogen bond, dipole- dipole interaction, London dispersion force) other than covalent bond. D. Layer of epidermis proper, each instance of which is the clear translucent layer of some epidermis just beneath some stratum corneum; particularly noticeable on some palms and soles.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vestibular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64147 1_1_aotbqckg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant isolated macrothrombocytopenia 1'?","A. A thrombocytopenia that is characterized by the finding of low platelet numbers and abnormally large platelets with irregular shapes that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TUBA8 gene on chromosome 22q11. B. A thrombocytopenia that is characterized by macrothrombocytopenia with normal platelet aggregation and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of mutation in the tubulin beta-1 (TUBB1) gene on chromosome 20q13.3. C. A blood platelet disease that is characterized by low a platelet count in the blood. D. A thrombocytopenia that is characterized by a severe reduction in megakaryocyte and platelet numbers.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant isolated macrothrombocytopenia 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090102 1_1_809q5dr2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'ectoderm-derived structure'?","A. Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. B. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. C. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions D. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,ectoderm-derived structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004121 1_1_sazvfs3a,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine malformation'?","A. Malformations of the ovary or any of its constituent parts. B. Malformations of the uterus or any of its constituent parts. C. A malformation of the uterus in which the uterus is present as a paired organ as a result of the failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts during embryogenesis. D. Malformation of parts of the genital system that are considered müllerian.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,uterine malformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000566 1_1_pj1fi52v,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycolytic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glycolytic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006096 1_1_mqubixn7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf expension'?","A. Secondary achene length B. Achene shape C. Estimated leaf expansion D. Ligule width",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf expension,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000614 1_1_ler8qtg9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'esophagus'?","A. Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. B. Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). C. An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. D. Any gland that is part of the digestive system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,esophagus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001043 1_1_k2y5pq5g,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 7'?","A. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and poor or absent speech, hypotonia, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and nonspecific dysmorphic features, and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TNPO2 gene on chromosome 19p13. B. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by mental retardation associated with coarse facial features, hypertrichosis, sparse scalp hair, and hypoplastic or absent fifth fingernails or toenails. C. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by intellectual disability including impaired speech development, autism spectrum disorder including anxious and/or stereotypic behavior problems, and microcephaly and that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the DYRK1A gene on chromosome 21q22.13. D. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the AUTS2 gene on chromosome 7q11.22.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070037 1_1_fxakqldr,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'excited mood'?","A. A mood process that is a general feeling of being down, having a negative outlook and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience negatively valenced emotions. B. A mood process is a mental process that involves affect (is valenced), and gives rise to a number of behavioural dispositions, but unlike an emotion has no object. Moods are usually longer-lived than emotion processes, but there are exceptions. C. A mood process that is a generalised feeling of enthusiasm, eagerness and energy, and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience positively valenced emotions. D. A mood process that is a general feeling of annoyance and gives rise to a heightened disposition to anger and other negatively valenced emotions.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,excited mood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000219 1_1_dif2yz3i,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mandatory_Precedent'?","A. A treaty is a binding agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. Treaties are called by several names: treaties, international agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, exchanges of letters, exchanges of notes, etc. B. In law, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. The term may also refer to the collective body of case law that a court should consider when interpreting the law. When a precedent establishes an important legal principle, or represents new or changed law on a particular issue, that precedent is often known as a landmark decision. C. In law, a binding precedent (also mandatory precedent or binding authority) is a precedent which must be followed by all lower courts. It is usually created by the decision of a higher court, such as the House of Lords in the United Kingdom. Binding precedent relies on the legal principle of stare decisis. D. In law, a persuasive precedent or advisory precedent is a precedent that need not be followed under the legal principle of stare decisis, but is nevertheless followed. Sources of persuasive precedent include the obiter dicta in the judgment of a court whose judgment would otherwise be binding, and the judgments of courts in other jurisdictions where the facts and/or legal system are similar to the case at hand. If a superior court adopts a persuasive precedent, it may become binding in the jurisdiction.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Mandatory_Precedent,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Mandatory_Precedent 1_1_bs2en2f6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus'?","A. Respiratory tract infections not specified as acute, chronic, lower, or upper B. MSSA, or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, is an infection caused by a type of bacteria commonly found on the skin. C. lung inflammation caused by bacterial infection, in which air sacs fill with pus D. decrease of strength in one or more muscles",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pneumonia due to Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000230 1_1_qjfnox00,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shoot potassium content'?","A. The total non-structural carbohydrates content in stems. B. The chlorophyll content on leaves. C. The content of potassium in shoots. D. The seed yield production efficiency as relationship between seed yield (biomass) at harvest and shoot biomass at mid-podfilling.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shoot potassium content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0001067 1_1_wvixqs35,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified psychosis not due to a substance or known physiological condition'?","A. Personality/behavioral disorders caused by physiological disorder B. general changes in brain function, such as confusion, amnesia (memory loss), loss of alertness, disorientation (not cognizant of self, time, or place), defects in judgment or thought, unusual or strange behavior, poor regulation of emotions, and disruptions in perception C. effects a persons mental health and emotional state D. A condition that affects the way your brain processes information and causes you to lose touch with reality. In this case, not caused by substance abuse or a known physiological condition",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified psychosis not due to a substance or known physiological condition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000484 1_1_dztmcd92,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'problems related to care provider dependency'?","A. patient whose mobility is reduced B. problems related to dependency on health care providers C. Continous supervision needed, problems related to care provider dependency D. Lack of familial support",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,problems related to care provider dependency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000540 1_1_90iv1prz,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Social_Role'?","A. A social role is played by some agent in the context of social activities. The social role brings with it some expectation of 'default' behavior of the role-filler. B. A role played by some person (i.e. not an organisation) C. The use or purpose of some object as used in some context. D. A role is a specification of default behavior and accompanying expectations of the thing 'playing' the role. Similar to actors in a theater who play roles, but are not the roles. Example: student.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Social_Role,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/role.owl#Social_Role 1_1_mnb7cwsv,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'academic emergency department facility'?","A. Addiction to a tobacco-containing product. B. A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance C. A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. D. An emergency department facility that is part of a university hospital.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,academic emergency department facility,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000441 1_1_m2fqlf2y,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications'?","A. high levels of sugar in the blood B. The prescense of diabetic ketoacidosis (body produces high levels of ketones and not enough insulin) in type 1 diabetic patients C. a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The cause is usually a blood clot in the leg called a deep vein thrombosis that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lung D. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000485 1_1_ngbfi85w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'proline'?","A. An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. B. An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. C. Pyrrolidine in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. L-Proline is the only one of the twenty DNA-encoded amino acids which has a secondary amino group alpha to the carboxyl group. It is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. It also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles. D. The simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,proline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26271 1_1_q1gm41az,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044475 1_1_vrk9zytp,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'track'?","A. A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation) B. A published libretto C. Published lyrics, as a book or as a text file, for example D. A track on a particular record",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,track,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Track 1_1_t0bjfp6h,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased circulating IgG4 concentration'?","A. A reduction in immunoglobulin levels of the IgG4 subclass in the blood circulation. B. A reduction in immunoglobulin levels of the IgG2 subclass in the blood circulation. C. A lasting decrease of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in the blood. D. A reduction below the normal concentration of a subclass of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased circulating IgG4 concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032138 1_1_y25mkn15,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'actor'?","A. Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing. B. Read meter and record consumption of electricity, gas, water, or steam. C. Cut or carve stone according to diagrams and patterns. D. Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise, classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt, prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling complaints.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,actor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27201100 1_1_mqjq1scq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem witdh - Measurement'?","A. Measurement of stem width approx 2 cm from base from randomly selected plants,using SigmaScan from digital image. B. NIRS assay. Pct of Seed Dry Weight C. Measure length of lower stem from ground level to last formed fertile branch (cm) Plants are randomly selected from the centre of a well established plots avoiding obvious volunteers. All plant are harvested in the field and returned to the lab for processing. D. 3-5 leaves per plant were pooled and freeze-dried. These were then ground and digested in nitric acid in a microwave digester prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem witdh - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_348:3100041 1_1_s1iriume,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'amphetamine'?","A. A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. B. A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicotine. C. A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. D. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,amphetamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2679 1_1_zfygf01b,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'amplitude'?","A. A general term referring to the radiation reflected from, or scattered back through, a given surface in response to radiation incident on the surface with the same wavelength or wavelength range. B. Often the greatest magnitude at a given point of any spatially and temporally varying physical quantity governed by a wave equation; can also mean the spatial part of a time-harmonic wave function. C. A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow. D. A volcano constructed by the ejection of debris and lava flows from a central point, forming a more or less symmetrical volcano.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,amplitude,http://sweetontology.net/propDifference/Amplitude 1_1_mrwgla99,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'In vitro dry matter digestibility of neutral detergent fiber fraction'?","A. Neutral detergent fiber content of aboveground biomass. B. In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass. C. Crude protein content of aboveground biomass. D. In vitro dry matter digestibility of aboveground biomass neutral detergent fiber fraction.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,In vitro dry matter digestibility of neutral detergent fiber fraction,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_345:0000024 1_1_puz5rpzu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm of endometrium'?","A. Cancer of the endometrium B. cancerous tumors within parts of the nervous system C. cancerous tumor of the eye D. A malignancy of mature plasma cells engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malignant neoplasm of endometrium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000467 1_1_rl0fdmh3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'gamete generation'?","A. The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract. B. The generation and maintenance of gametes in a multicellular organism. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell. C. A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother. D. The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,gamete generation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007276 1_1_wrvo7ul4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenomyoma'?","A. A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in gland and muscle components. B. A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of epithelial tissue in which tumor cells form glands or glandlike structures. C. A cell type benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in odontogenic epithelium. D. An adenomyoma that is a biphasic polypoid lesion consisting of a myofibroblastic stromal component and an endometrial intraepithelial neoplasm.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,adenomyoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2609 1_1_zmxpva21,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Omnivore'?","A. They eat grasses and broad-leafed plants B. An animal that eats both plants and animals (or parts thereof) C. Warthogs are mostly herbivourous but sometimes eat meat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog D. Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat only leaves.",B,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Omnivore,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Omnivore 1_1_r3nio0rr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'subway or streetcar operator'?","A. Operate hand-controlled mechanisms to pour and regulate the flow of molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots. B. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul small engines used to power lawn mowers, chain saws, recreational sporting equipment, and related equipment. C. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of entertainment and recreation related workers. D. Operate subway or elevated suburban trains with no separate locomotive, or electric-powered streetcar, to transport passengers. May handle fares.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,subway or streetcar operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53404100 1_1_l9bs3x03,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'subtropical rainforest biome'?","A. A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. B. A subtropical rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. C. A subtropical grassland which is in its climactic successional state. D. A subtropical broadleaf forest in which is in its climactic successional state.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,subtropical rainforest biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001961 1_1_99svef3a,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bahamas'?","A. Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. B. A semi-autonomous territory composed of an archipelago in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands, approximately 2,000 km off the coast of Florida (the nearest of the mainland United States). C. A country consisting of two thousand cays and seven hundred islands that form an archipelago. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida and the United States, north of Cuba, the island of Hispanola and the Caribbean, and northwest of the British overseas territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is divided into 32 districts, plus New Providence, whose affairs are handled directly by the central government. D. A Polynesian country and also an archipelago consisting of 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area of the archipelago is about 750 km2 (290 sq mi), scattered over 700,000 km2 (270,000 sq mi) of the southern Pacific Ocean. As of 2021, according to Johnson's Tribune, Tonga has a population of 104,494, 70% of whom reside on the main island, Tongatapu.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Bahamas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00002733 1_1_lbywtcp1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity'?","A. Catalysis of the exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(A) to 5'-AMP. B. Catalysis of the reaction: RNA + H2O = 5'-phosphomononucleotides. Cleaves RNA in the 3' to 5' direction. C. Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule. D. Catalysis of 3' exonucleolytic cleavage of poly(U), to form poly(U)-N containing a 3' uridine cyclic phosphate (U>P).",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004535 1_1_ww89kh3h,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper arm skin'?","A. A zone of skin that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. B. A zone of skin that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. C. A zone of skin that is part of a lower arm [Automatically generated definition]. D. A zone of skin that is part of a elbow [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,upper arm skin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004263 1_1_3oia8bcq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes '4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate'?","A. An oxo monocarboxylic acid anion in which the oxo group is located at the 2-position. B. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid. C. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvic acid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17865 1_1_s40p5swy,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'OpenWorld'?","A. Game typically features dungeon exploration -which levels are procedurally generated- turn-based combat and permanent death (permadeath) of the player character B. Sociological actor located inside the game C. game that offers to the player a very large world to roam, often filled with random events, points of interest (POI), locations to trade goods and find collectibles. D. Player's options and/or choices have a concrete impact on the structure or the way the plot progresses",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,OpenWorld,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#OpenWorld 1_1_zc64rejs,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'smiling'?","A. A facial expression behaviour in which the person smiles. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the jaw drops. C. A behavioural process that involves a change in the expression of the face. D. A facial expression behaviour which appears very neutral (showing no expression).",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,smiling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000126 1_1_igwqbiw7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'C2-C3 subluxation'?","A. A partial dislocation of one or more intervertebral joints in the cervical vertebral column. B. A partial dislocation of the intervertebral joint between the second and third cervical vertebrae. C. The length of the incisura from the upper to lower border is less than that observed in the average population. D. A partial dislocation of the atlantoaxial joints.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,C2-C3 subluxation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008456 1_1_qogmoi84,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor'?","A. An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). B. A TB patient that is of adult age and is currently receiving medical care. C. An oxidoreductase inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase acting on the CH-OH group of donors (EC 1.1.*.*). D. An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*).",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,"EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76835 1_1_iaevz7wb,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lanosterol'?","A. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. B. Any one of a group of prenol derivatives made up of varying numbers of cis-linked isoprene units, terminating in an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group containing an alcohol functional group, with the three isoprene units at the distal end trans-linked. C. A squalene triterpenoid obtained by formal epoxidation across the 2,3 C=C bond of squalene. D. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at the 3beta position. It is the compound from which all steroids are derived.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,lanosterol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16521 1_1_7ypb9bz9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of exarch protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the root system progresses centripedally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has three protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has more than five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,polyarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025563 1_1_zkyajxpr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'substance dependence potential'?","A. A that inheres in some extended organism. B. A disposition of a substance to cause harm to an organism that is exposed to it. C. A disposition of a psychoactive substance to result in substance dependence in people who use it. D. A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,substance dependence potential,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001245 1_1_yl8lgaoj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'chromaffin cell of right ovary'?","A. A chromaffin cell that is part of the left ovary. B. A chromaffin cell that is part of the right ovary. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. D. A chromaffin cell that is part of the ovary.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,chromaffin cell of right ovary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000466 1_1_yw864osq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endocardium of interatrial septum'?","A. Organ segment which is regional part of coracolavicular ligament. Examples: trapezoid part of coracclavicular ligament, conoid part of coracclavicular ligament B. Region of tongue, each instance of which consists of fibrous lamina that connects the undersurface of some tongue with some hyoid bone. C. Endocardium of cardiac septum which is continuous with the endocardium of right and the left atria. D. Endocardium of cardiac septum which is continuous with the endocardium of the right and the left ventricles.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Endocardium of interatrial septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83583 1_1_so9ze14x,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'they/them/themselves pronouns'?","A. A pronoun set composed of they, them, their, theirs, and themself. B. A pronoun set composed of he/him and they/them pronouns, in which he/him pronouns are typically (but not always) prioritized. C. A pronoun set composed of they, them, their, theirs, and themselves. D. A pronoun set composed of she/her and they/them pronouns, in which she/her pronouns are typically (but not always) prioritized.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,they/them/themselves pronouns,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011491 1_1_5jlz503f,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kleefstra syndrome 2'?","A. A syndrome that is characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability, severely limited or absent speech, and weak muscle tone. B. A Kleefstra syndrome that is characterized by delayed psychomotor development, variable intellectual disability, and mild dysmorphic features and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KMT2C gene on chromosome 7q36. C. A Kleefstra syndrome that is characterized by severe mental retardation, hypotonia, microcephaly, epileptic seizures, flat face with hypertelorism, synophrys, anteverted nares, everted lower lip, carp mouth with macroglossia, and heart defects and that has_material_basis_in a microdeletion in the chromosome region 9q34.3 or by a point mutation in the EHMT1 gene located in that region. D. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a deficiency in type-I collagen which results_in brittle bones and defective connective tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Kleefstra syndrome 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080598 1_1_2e1xvcws,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sicca syndrome [Sjögren]'?","A. an immune system disease process that undergoes an inflammation process and has output of an inflammatory anatomical entity. B. A disease characterized by the growth of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in a specific part of your body (most commonly liver, lungs, skin, and lymph nodes) C. A disease characterized by the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in any part of your body D. A chronic inflammation of the tear and salivary glands, often accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis and the presence of autoantibodies in the blood",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,sicca syndrome [Sjögren],http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000417 1_1_2iuzpci8,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose'?","A. An imidazoindole that is 9H-imidazo[1,2-a]indole which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 9 by cyano, amino, and oxo groups, respectively. B. A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2. C. A trihydroxycyclohexanone that is cyclohexanone having three hydroxy groups located at positions 2, 3 and 4 as well as an amino group at position 5 (the 2S,3R,4S,5R-diastereomer). D. A N-oxide isolated from Streptoalloteichus sp.1454-19. It is a siderophore which exhibits immunosuppressive activity on a mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLCR).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65027 1_1_oy7hr49k,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'far vision'?","A. The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. B. The ability to see details at a distance. C. The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. D. The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,far vision,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000070 1_1_naypk0tg,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'indometacin'?","A. A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. B. A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. C. A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. D. A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,indometacin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49662 1_1_hjqvlxlh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'elementary school teacher, except special education'?","A. Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatial data in digital or graphic form for one or more purposes, such as legal, social, political, educational, and design purposes. May work with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). May design and evaluate algorithms, data structures, and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems. May collect, analyze, and interpret geographic information provided by geodetic surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate clinical research projects. Direct the activities of workers engaged in clinical research projects to ensure compliance with protocols and overall clinical objectives. May evaluate and analyze clinical data. C. Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing. D. Teach academic and social skills to students at the elementary school level.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"elementary school teacher, except special education",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25202100 1_1_ihh1d1i9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'inumakilactone'?","A. A chromanone isolated from the marine derived fungus Monodictys putredinis and exhibits inhibitory activity against P450. B. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 11,12-dihydro-2H,6H,10H-dipyrano[2,3-f:2',3'-h]chromen-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 12, methyl groups at positions 6, 6, 10 and 11 and a propyl group at position 4 (the 10S,11R,12S stereoisomer). Isolated from Calophyllum lanigerum var austrocoriaceum and Calophyllum brasiliense, it exhibits potent activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. C. A diterpene lactone isolated from Podocarpus latifolius and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against activator protein 1 (AP-1). D. A hopanoid that is hopan-3-one substituted by an epoxy group across positions 17 and 21. It has been isolated from the bark of Cupania cinerea.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,inumakilactone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68295 1_1_2ffsp0np,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parietal tunica vaginalis'?","A. Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral serous pericardium and is attached to the central tendon of diaphragm. B. Parietal serous membrane, which is attached to inner surface of wall of a hemiscrotum C. Layer of wall of left eyeball which is continuous with left optic nerve. D. Parietal serous membrane which is continuous with the visceral pleura and is attached to the dome of the diaphragm.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Parietal tunica vaginalis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15865 1_1_jstie1r2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'umpire, referee, or other sports official'?","A. Officiate at competitive athletic or sporting events. Detect infractions of rules and decide penalties according to established regulations. Includes all sporting officials, referees, and competition judges. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines to extrude or draw thermoplastic or metal materials into tubes, rods, hoses, wire, bars, or structural shapes. C. Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters. D. Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"umpire, referee, or other sports official",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27202300 1_1_j2ity397,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'incel slang'?","A. An East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic (or Japanese-Ryukyuan) language family, and its relation to other languages, such as Korean, is debated. Japonic languages have been grouped with other language families such as Ainu, Austroasiatic, and the now-discredited Altaic, but none of these proposals has gained widespread acceptance. B. Refers to various kinds of slang used by different people on the internet. C. LGBTQIA+ people who are Swiss. D. Refers to various kinds of slang used by members of the incel (involuntary celibate) community.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,incel slang,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008937 1_1_26fos094,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ne/nir pronouns'?","A. Any of various pronoun sets including ne, nir, and nirs. B. A pronoun set composed of ne, nir, nirs, and nemself. C. A pronoun set composed of se, ser, sers, and serself. D. A pronoun set composed of they, them, their, theirs, and either themself or themselves.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ne/nir pronouns,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011537 1_1_1smc9a9u,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sampling procedure'?","A. Use code to state whether sampling was random or biased B. If the accession entered the collection as embryos, Use code to state how embryo culture was used C. Enquire about how the collected coconut kind is called locally D. Name the donor institution (or farmer)",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Sampling procedure,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000587 1_1_hr8opbpk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kossava'?","A. The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. B. (Also spelled kosava, koschawa.) A cold, very squally wind, descending from the east or southeast in the region of the Danube ?Iron Gate? through the Carpathians, continuing westward over Belgrade, thence spreading northward to the Rumanian and Hungarian borderlands and southward as far as Nish. In winter it brings temperatures down to below -29C and it is cool even in summer, when it is also dusty. It usually occurs with a depression over the Adriatic and high pressure over southern Russia, a frequent situation in winter. It is usually explained as a jet-effect wind through the Iron Gate, giving speeds well above the gradient wind, but it can be regarded as a katabatic wind intermediate between foehn and bora. The kossava has a marked diurnal variation, with its maximum occurring between 5 AM and 10 AM. C. A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration of the order of minutes, and then a rather sudden decrease in speed. D. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kossava,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Kossava 1_1_m0c08hnk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of VCP-NPL4-UFD1 AAA ATPase complex assembly. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex assembly. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140972 1_1_9i67cxri,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Breast proper'?","A. Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. B. Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle and modified sebaceous glands and which surrounds the nipple. C. Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle, modified sebaceous glands and papillary part of lactiferous duct. D. Region of breast which has as its parts skin of breast proper",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Breast proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma73104 1_1_5zmq8a9y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein localization to plasma membrane'?","A. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. B. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the cell cortex. C. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane. D. The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a plasma membrane.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,protein localization to plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072659 1_1_0tarazrz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'principal gastric gland goblet cell'?","A. A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach. B. An exocrine cell characterized by loss of part of the cytoplasm during the process of secretion. The secreted substance is accumulated at the apical end and is either budded off through the plasma membrane producing secreted vesicles or dissolved in the cytoplasm that is lost during secretion. C. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of principal gastric gland. D. A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. Following ovulation, these cells secrete a glycogen-rich substance known as histotroph or uterine milk, which nourishes the embryo if implantation occurs.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,principal gastric gland goblet cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000315 1_1_titf0xki,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulmonary embolism DP without acute cor pulmonale'?","A. the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance or high blood pressure in the lungs. B. Presence of a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs in patients with acute cor pulmonale (acute right heart failure) C. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an increase of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, leg swelling and other symptoms. D. A blockage of an artery in the lungs by a foreign substance",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pulmonary embolism DP without acute cor pulmonale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000229 1_1_azxl1bgj,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of predictability'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how predictable an event was. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the causal intent of the person who (is evaluated to have) caused an event. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how familiar an object or event is. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a judgement that one is being liked",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of predictability,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000059 1_1_l7my7a40,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'glazier'?","A. Park vehicles or issue tickets for customers in a parking lot or garage. May park or tend vehicles in environments such as a car dealership or rental car facility. May collect fee. B. Service aircraft with fuel. May de-ice aircraft, refill water and cooling agents, empty sewage tanks, service air and oxygen systems, or clean and polish exterior. C. Monitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches, or ski slopes, to provide assistance and protection to participants. D. Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,glazier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47212100 1_1_41aw4zqo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urine aconitic acid level'?","A. An abnormally increased level of aconitic acid in the urine. B. An abnormally increased level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid in the urine. C. An increased concentration of glycolate in the urine. D. The amount of bile acids in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is below the lower limit of normal.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated urine aconitic acid level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033101 1_1_m2a7yyx0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'methanol'?","A. Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. B. Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. C. The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. D. An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,methanol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17790 1_1_uuchvl4l,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'primitive erythroid progenitor'?","A. An immature or mature cell of the first erythroid lineage to arise during embryonic development. B. A large nucleated basophilic erythrocyte found in mammalian embryos. This cell type arises from the blood islands of yolk sacs and expresses different types of hemoglobins (beta-H1, gamma-1 and zeta) than adult erythrocytes. Considered a type of erythroblast as this cell type can enucleate in circulation. C. Derived from the Greek word pyren (the pit of a stone fruit), this is a transient nucleated cell type that results from exclusion of the nucleus from the primitive erythrocyte. D. A progenitor cell that is capable of forming colonies of primitive erythrocytes in the blood island of the yolk sac. First arrive at E7.5 in mouse and expresses CD41.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,primitive erythroid progenitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002361 1_1_9iciydal,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - cesium fresh weight'?","A. Compute the Cesium concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula B. Compute Great mean of total tuber weight measuring kg using the formula C. Compute the secondary growth that is show at the moment of harvest by plot and calculate the percentage using the formula D. Compute the Selenium concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - cesium fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001170 1_1_4hni2qxm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf quantity'?","A. Height of trunk below the first branches of the canopy B. Assessment of the flexuosity of the tree C. Assessment of the quantity of leaves on the tree D. Assessment of the number of epidermal cells on the adaxial leaf area (upper surface of the leaf)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf quantity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000225 1_1_0q2vb4yu,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Event'?","A. An object in a comic universe. B. A location in a comic universe. C. An event in a comic universe. D. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Event,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Event 1_1_m3j4nd8r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonmetallic mineral'?","A. Hematite, also spelled as hæmatite, is the mineral form of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. Hematite crystallizes in the rhombohedral system, and it has the same crystal structure as ilmenite and as corundum. Hematite is a mineral, colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red. It is mined as the main ore of iron [Wikipedia] B. Magnetite is a ferrimagnetic mineral with chemical formula Fe3O4, one of several iron oxides and a member of the spinel group. [Wikipedia] C. A mineraloid is a mineral-like substance that does not demonstrate crystallinity. Mineraloids possess chemical compositions that vary beyond the generally accepted ranges for specific minerals. For example, obsidian is an amorphous glass and not a crystal. [Wikipedia] D. The majority of minerals are non-metallic, i.e., they are not elemental minerals which are of metal elements or alloys of metals. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,nonmetallic mineral,http://sweetontology.net/matrMineral/NonmetallicMineral 1_1_m345wm6i,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'splots'?","A. A Graphical User Interface for the limma Microarray package B. Creates classes used in model-view-controller (MVC) design C. The splots package provides the plotScreen function for the visualization of for high-throughput assays in microtitre plate or chamber slide format. D. SAFE is a resampling-based method for testing functional categories is gene expression experiments. SAFE can be applied to 2-sample and multi-class comparisons, or simple linear regressions. Other experimental designs can also be accommodated through user-defined functions.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,splots,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000706 1_1_7byy8ymi,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mating behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. B. The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction. C. The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males. D. The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mating behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007617 1_1_sko3kp1w,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'data item'?","A. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. B. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. C. A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. D. A data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,data item,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000027 1_1_76d8is5u,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine drive state'?","A. A drive state that results from nicotine concentrations in the brain that are below that to which the brain has become accustomed. B. Death that occurs as a result of an avoidable set of circumstances. C. A study design in which measurements taken on two or more groups of study participants at two or more times are compared allowing differences to be assessed between groups and over time. D. A subjective emotional feeling that generates a need state and arises from deviation of a physiological state from a target state established as a result of innate or learned processes.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine drive state,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000385 1_1_u8014170,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'varenicline tartrate'?","A. A tartrate salt that is the hemitartrate salt of pimavanserin. An atypical antipsychotic that is used for treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease. B. The tartrate salt of ketanserin. C. A tartrate salt obtained by reaction of varenicline with one equivalent of (R,R)-tartaric acid. A partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors, it is used as an aid to giving up smoking. D. A tartrate that is the hemitartrate salt of eliglustat. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,varenicline tartrate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84507 1_1_wpaktkwg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of housekeeping or janitorial worker'?","A. Observe gambling operation for irregular activities such as cheating or theft by either employees or patrons. Investigate potential threats to gambling assets such as money, chips, and gambling equipment. Act as oversight and security agent for management and customers. B. Directly supervise and coordinate work activities of cleaning personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments. C. Operate hand-controlled mechanisms to pour and regulate the flow of molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots. D. Drive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on an unplanned basis and charge a fare, usually based on a meter.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of housekeeping or janitorial worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_37101100 1_1_p1q2f16v,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Time to flowering'?","A. Time elapsed between sowing to flowering B. A quantitative trait describing the physiological maturity of plant C. Number of days from sowing to formation of first pod D. A quantitative traits desrcibing the growth of seedlings",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Time to flowering,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000195 1_1_4fvis0np,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain pass'?","A. A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. B. A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. C. A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. D. A depression which 1) has smooth surfaces, 2) has a bowl-like or cylindrical shape, 3) results from the erosion of the rocky bed of a watercourse.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mountain pass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000084 1_1_f1aoeg6l,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of pro-B cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-T cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of pro-B cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000973 1_1_uuzfgxbr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chromatography - total phenolics fresh weight'?","A. Compute Great mean of total tuber weight measuring kg using the formula B. Compute the total phenolic concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula C. Compute the Cobalt concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula D. Compute the Nickel concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Chromatography - total phenolics fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000535 1_1_n6wqq3n6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflammatory bowel disease 13'?","A. An inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation located_in colon. B. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the ABCB1 gene on chromosome 7q21.1. C. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 6p21.3. D. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 12q15.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,inflammatory bowel disease 13,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110893 1_1_cov10h4h,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045677 1_1_1pvwkg9x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of external nose'?","A. A keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is part of a tongue. B. Epithelial layer that is part of the external part of the nose. C. An epithelium that is part of a vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]. D. An epithelium that lines the nasal cavity.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,epithelium of external nose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0019307 1_1_rmg7m0rh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'infantry'?","A. Implement unconventional operations by air, land, or sea during combat or peacetime as members of elite teams. These activities include offensive raids, demolitions, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and counterterrorism. In addition to their combat training, special forces members often have specialized training in swimming, diving, parachuting, survival, emergency medicine, and foreign languages. Duties include conducting advanced reconnaissance operations and collecting intelligence information; recruiting, training, and equipping friendly forces; conducting raids and invasions on enemy territories; laying and detonating explosives for demolition targets; locating, identifying, defusing, and disposing of ordnance; and operating and maintaining sophisticated communications equipment. B. Target, fire, and maintain weapons used to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Field artillery crew members predominantly use guns, cannons, and howitzers in ground combat operations, while air defense artillery crew members predominantly use missiles and rockets. Naval artillery crew members predominantly use torpedoes and missiles launched from a ship or submarine. Duties include testing, inspecting, and storing ammunition, missiles, and torpedoes; conducting preventive and routine maintenance on weapons and related equipment; establishing and maintaining radio and wire communications; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. C. Operate and monitor communications, detection, and weapons systems essential for controlling air, ground, and naval operations. Duties include maintaining and relaying critical communications between air, naval, and ground forces; implementing emergency plans for natural and wartime disasters; relaying command center information to high-level military and government decisionmakers; monitoring surveillance and detection systems, such as air defense; interpreting and evaluating tactical situations and making recommendations to superiors; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. D. Operate weapons and equipment in ground combat operations. Duties include operating and maintaining weapons, such as rifles, machine guns, mortars, and hand grenades; locating, constructing, and camouflaging infantry positions and equipment; evaluating terrain and recording topographical information; operating and maintaining field communications equipment; assessing need for and directing supporting fire; placing explosives and performing minesweeping activities on land; and participating in basic reconnaissance operations.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,infantry,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55301600 1_1_d4igjo3j,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: alkylphosphonic acid = R-CH3 + phosphate. Substrates include aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) (forms methylamine), dimethylphosphinic acid (forms methylphosphonic acid), glyphosate (forms sarcosine) and methylphosphonic acid (forms phosphate). B. Catalysis of the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond. C. Catalysis of the conversion of a 3'-deoxyribose phosphate in DNA to a 3'-phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: sirohydrochlorin + Co2+ = cobalt-sirohydrochlorin + 2 H+.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,sirohydrochlorin cobaltochelatase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016852 1_1_esvu3vfr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'schizophrenia 8'?","A. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SCZD8 gene on chromosome 18p. B. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in a mutation of the DISC1 gene on chromosome 1q42.2. C. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the PRODH gene on chromosome 22q11.21. D. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SCZD7 gene on chromosome 13q32.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,schizophrenia 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070084 1_1_8znh9tnh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'seasonal snow patch'?","A. An accumulation of snow and firn which rests upon land. B. A pond which is composed primarily of brackish water. C. A snow patch which forms during a cold season and melts away during the succeeding warm season. D. A snow patch which persists through at least one seasonal cycle.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,seasonal snow patch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000114 1_1_abl68rjs,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'hot spring'?","A. A substantial break or gap in the geologic record where a rock unit is overlain by another that is not next in stratigraphic sucession, such as an interruption in continuity of a depositional sequence of sedimentary rocks or a break between eroded igneous rocks and younger sedimentary strata. It results from a change that caused deposition to cease for a considerable time, and it normally implies uplift and erosion with loss of the previous formed record. B. A spring is a point where groundwater flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface. Dependent upon the constancy of the water source (rainfall or snowmelt that infiltrates the earth), a spring may be ephemeral (intermittent) or perennial (continuous). C. A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. While some of these springs contain water that is a safe temperature for bathing, others are so hot that immersion can result in injury or death. D. The radiance per unit wavelength or wavenumber interval.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,hot spring,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/HotSpring 1_1_vyz4hndm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'certification'?","A. A credential awarded by a professional organization designed to signify the holder's competence as measured against a specified professional benchmark. B. A credential awarded by a credential granting agency designed to signify participation in or completion of a training program requiring the demonstration of some specified knowledge or skill. C. A credential awarded by a government or government-authorized agency designed to signify legal authority to engage in specified actions without being liable to sanctions or penalties that would otherwise be associated with those actions. D. A credential that is designed to be about an organism's competence or qualifications with respect to an occupation.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,certification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000124 1_1_v6wm0f9f,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'construction or related worker, all other'?","A. All construction and related workers not listed separately. B. Provide individualized physical education instruction or services to children, youth, or adults with exceptional physical needs due to gross motor developmental delays or other impairments. C. Lay out, cut, and place segmental paving units. Includes installers of bedding and restraining materials for the paving units. D. Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts, and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work. May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation measures.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"construction or related worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47409900 1_1_08rkoogq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->1)-alpha-D-Glcp'?","A. A trisaccharide consisting of a beta-D-galactopyranose residue and two alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by (1->6) and (1->1) glycosidic bonds. B. A trisaccharide consisting of two beta-D-glucopyranose residues and a beta-D-galactopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds. C. A trisaccharide that is alpha-L-arabinopyranose which has been glycosylated at positions 2 and 3 by alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and beta-D-glucopyrnaosyl groups, respectively. D. A linear trisaccharide comprising D-glucose (at the reducing end) having an alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl moiety at the 4-position.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->1)-alpha-D-Glcp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_149149 1_1_j0ucpqbj,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deregulation'?","A. When a part of some primary legislative source is delegated to some secondary legislative source (e.g. from act to regulation). B. When an international treaty is ratified by local parliament in order to include it in the local legal system. The same thing happens when each local parliament ratifies bilateral or multilateral agreements. C. When a local act applies in the local legal system normative supra-ordered such as when a region applies an EU directive or a decree it applies the normative contant in some act D. Interpretation in context of the European Union",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Deregulation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Deregulation 1_1_lwlb7v4t,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Orbital septum'?","A. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part. Examples: interosseous membrane of forearm, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, fascia lata, dura mater. B. Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia. C. Membrane organ, each instance of which is a fibrous membrane anchored to the periosteum along the entire margin of some orbit, extending to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in some upper lid and to the tarsal plate in some lower lid. D. Membrane organ, each instance of which is a fibrous membrane stretched horizontally between some ischiopubic rami and attached to some perineal body.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Orbital septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59328 1_1_rgk7lty8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L'?","A. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the titin gene (TTN). B. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the ISPD gene on chromosome 7p21. C. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding beta-sarcoglycan (SGCB) on chromosome 4q12. D. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ANO5 gene on chromosome 11p14.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2L,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110284 1_1_xea4dbkx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lint index'?","A. Calculated by dividing fruit branch length by fruit branch nodes B. Height of the plant rated near the time of defoliation C. The weight of lint per 100 seed D. The average weight in grams of a boll",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Lint index,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000411 1_1_4si7yti8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral line'?","A. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear. B. One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. C. The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, including both the cochlea, which is part of the auditory system, and the vestibular system, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur, because of its appearance. The bony labyrinth, or osseous labyrinth, is the network of passages with bony walls lined with periosteum. The bony labyrinth is lined with the membranous labyrinth. There is a layer of perilymph between them. The three parts of the bony labyrinth are the vestibule of the ear, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea. The vestibular system is the region of the inner ear where the semicircular canals converge, close to the cochlea (the hearing organ). The vestibular system works with the visual system to keep objects in focus when the head is moving. Joint and muscle receptors also are important in maintaining balance. The brain receives, interprets, and processes the information from these systems that control our balance. [WP,unvetted]. D. An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a hindbrain and adjacent_to a spinal cord.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lateral line,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010202 1_1_7phy4l3h,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'louse'?","A. Members of the clade Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless parasitic insect. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, and bats. Lice are vectors of diseases such as typhus. B. A taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice. Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families. C. Blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They only occur on about 20% of all placentalian mammal species, and are unknown from several orders of mammals (Monotremata, Edentata, Pholidota, Chiroptera, Cetacea, Sirenia, and Proboscidea). They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases. Children appear particularly susceptible to attracting lice, possibly due to their fine hair. D. The period of sexual excitement prior to orgasm. The phase is characterised by an increased circulation and heart rate in both sexes, increased sexual pleasure with increased stimulation and further increased muscle tension. Also, respiration continues at an elevated level.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,louse,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/85819 1_1_r7p7qi2l,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lee wave'?","A. 1. Any wave disturbance that is caused by, and is therefore stationary with respect to, some barrier in the fluid flow. Whether the wave is a gravity wave, inertia wave, barotropic wave, etc., will depend on the structure of the fluid and the dimensions of the barrier. 2. A mountain wave occurring to the lee of a mountain or mountain barrier. These waves can become visible in the form of lenticular or trapped lee-wave clouds. B. An Italian name for the northeast wind. It was given by Roman sailors to the northeast wind in the Gulf of Lions because it came from the direction of the Greek colony of Marsala (Marseilles). Wind names of similar origin are common in the western Mediterranean, for example, gregale. C. Mountain waves, lee waves, or trapped lee waves in the air stream flowing over the mountain barrier that occur in association with foehn conditions. The Moazagotl is one example of a foehn wave made visible by lee-wave clouds. D. An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lee wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/LeeWave 1_1_1fypfkcj,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'recording session'?","A. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance. B. A festival - musical/artistic event lasting several days, like Glastonbury, Rock Am Ring... We migth decompose this event (which is in fact just a classification of the space/time region related to a particular festival) using hasSubEvent in several performances at different space/time. C. A set of performances/recordings/mastering events. This event can be decomposed in its constituent events using event:sub_event D. A performance event. It might include as agents performers, engineers, conductors, or even listeners. It might include as factors a score, a MusicalWork, musical instruments. It might produce a sound:-)",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,recording session,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/RecordingSession 1_1_8afqkpne,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'passionate love'?","A. Less intense, longer-lasting love which is characterised by affection, commitment, intimacy and a concern for the welfare of the loved one. [Source: OCEAS] B. A powerful longing for union with the beloved, characterised by a confusion of feelings -- elation and pain, tenderness and sexuality, altruism and jealousy. C. A strong emotion associated with feelings of desire, warmth and intimacy for another person. [Source: OCEAS] D. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was caused unintentionally.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,passionate love,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000050 1_1_n6qpwenl,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'astrocyte activation'?","A. The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxy-terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein. B. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle. C. The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. D. A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,astrocyte activation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048143 1_1_baiwo6qd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'intracellular signal transduction'?","A. The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. B. Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a presynapse. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression as a consequence of a process in which a signal is released and/or conveyed from one location to another. D. Signal transduction in which the initial step occurs in a postsynapse.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,intracellular signal transduction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035556 1_1_lb5hfrk0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol misuse'?","A. A change quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption. B. Consumption of alcohol in a manner that is deemed unacceptable in the jurisdiction in which the user resides. C. A consumption behaviour that involves ingestion of a drug. D. A consumption behaviour that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol misuse,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000119 1_1_67yclyb9,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary auditory cortex'?","A. Regional part of an anatomical region that is revealed by the use of a stain that reveals chemoarchitecture. B. The part of the auditory cortex that receive more diffuse input from the belt areas of the medial geniculate complex. C. A composite structure of the temporal lobe that includes the subiculum, the presubiculum and the parasubicular area (Amaral-90). D. Midline nuclei found in the midbrain, includes the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral linear nucleus of raphe.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,secondary auditory cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0034752 1_1_aj36vrp8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organonitrogen compound'?","A. The D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine. B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. C. A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. D. A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organonitrogen compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35352 1_1_1f4z6tii,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial temporal lobe epilepsy 6'?","A. A temporal lobe epilepsy that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 3q25-q26. B. A focal epilepsy that is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked focal seizures that originate in the temporal lobe of the brain and last about one or two minutes. C. A temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of complex or partial seizures and childhood febrile seizures that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 12q22-q23.3. D. A temporal lobe epilepsy characterized by simple or complex partial seizures often accompanied by intense feelings of deja or altered awareness and that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 4q13.2-q21.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial temporal lobe epilepsy 6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060749 1_1_tg1i7o94,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mood disorder'?","A. A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. B. A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature. C. A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. D. A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mood disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3324 1_1_ezi8ot2e,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'MicroeinsteinsPerMeterSquaredPerSecond'?","A. A unit of concentration used for liquid-liquid solutions or for mixtures of gasses and of gasses and liquids. B. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). ""siemens"" is used for both singular and plural. C. An einstein is a unit used in irradiance and in photochemistry. One einstein is defined as one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number, 6.022×1023. Quantum flux of Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is usually reported in microeinsteins per second per square meter, one microeinstein being one-millionth of an einstein. Irradiance might be measured in einsteins per square metre per second, if the source is monochromatic. (note: If the optical frequency is not well defined this is a sloppy misuse of the term irradiance, which is defined in terms of power per unit area, and p. The einstein is used in studies of photosynthesis since the light requirement for the production of a given quantity of oxygen is a fixed number of photosynthetically active photons (about nine photosynthetically active einsteins per mole of oxygen formed). It is named in honor of Albert Einstein, who in a 1905 paper explained the photoelectric effect in terms of light quanta, now called photons, an idea introduced by Max Planck. D. The volt is defined as the value of the voltage across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power in the conductor.[2] It can be written in terms of SI base units as: m2 · kg · s−3 · A−1. It is also equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge, J/C.",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,MicroeinsteinsPerMeterSquaredPerSecond,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#MicroeinsteinsPerMeterSquaredPerSecond 1_1_wayfmmgo,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Genome'?","A. Anatomical set which has as its direct members cells of same type or of different types. B. Anatomical set of genes in all the chromosomes. C. Anatomical set which has as its direct members organs of same type or of different types. D. Material anatomical entity which consists of a maximum number of some instances of discontinuous members of the same class. Examples: set of cranial nerves, ventral branches of aorta, set of mammary arteries, set of thoracic viscera, dentition.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Genome,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116 1_1_57z3a691,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'continuous mining machine operator'?","A. Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines. B. Set up and operate motion picture projection and related sound reproduction equipment. C. Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence. D. Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,continuous mining machine operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47504100 1_1_yscrh6bi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscular coat of digestive tract'?","A. A muscle layer that is part of a wall of esophagus. B. A muscular coat that is part of a digestive tract. C. The smooth muscle layer of the stomach wall that functions to churn and mix food and gastric secretions as well as to move food along the digestive tract to the intestines. D. A muscle layer that is part of an intestine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,muscular coat of digestive tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018261 1_1_r27bd0ev,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue'?","A. An abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they should or do not die when they should. B. Disease process is the progression disease in an individual over time. The process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in a susceptible host. For an infectious disease, the exposure is a microorganism. For cancer, the exposure may be a factor that initiates the process, such as asbestos fibers or components in tobacco smoke (for lung cancer), or one that promotes the process, such as estrogen (for endometrial cancer). C. Diseases and conditions affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue D. Diseases and conditions affecting the muskoskeletal system and connective tissue",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000342 1_1_kfs7tpyv,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryo plant structure'?","A. A plant structure that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. B. A stem node that is part of a plant embryo axis where the scutellum is attached. C. A plant structure that is the apical most portion of a trichome apex . D. A plant structure that is part of an plant embryo .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,embryo plant structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025099 1_1_8wveool6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to water deprivation'?","A. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. B. A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism. C. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. D. The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to water deprivation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042630 1_1_obit0e19,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'education or childcare administrator, preschool or daycare'?","A. Research, design, develop, or test robotic applications. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate academic or nonacademic activities of preschools or childcare centers and programs, including before- and after-school care. C. Analyze and measure exposure to credit and market risk threatening the assets, earning capacity, or economic state of an organization. May make recommendations to limit risk. D. Assist scientists or engineers in the use of electronic, sonic, or nuclear measuring instruments in laboratory, exploration, and production activities to obtain data indicating resources such as metallic ore, minerals, gas, coal, or petroleum. Analyze mud and drill cuttings. Chart pressure, temperature, and other characteristics of wells or bore holes.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"education or childcare administrator, preschool or daycare",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11903100 1_1_3a1klysr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchus cancer'?","A. A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the bronchus. B. A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the larynx. C. A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the nasal cavity. D. A respiratory system cancer that is located_in the lung.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bronchus cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1325 1_1_fye40ms8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cytogenetic technologist'?","A. Analyze chromosomes or chromosome segments found in biological specimens, such as amniotic fluids, bone marrow, solid tumors, and blood to aid in the study, diagnosis, classification, or treatment of inherited or acquired genetic diseases. Conduct analyses through classical cytogenetic, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) techniques. B. Prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May assist with research studies. C. Plan, organize, direct, or assess clinical and evidenced-based music therapy interventions to positively influence individuals' physical, psychological, cognitive, or behavioral status. D. Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cytogenetic technologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29201101 1_1_tbn3z4tw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'MAS5''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'MAS5',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000614 1_1_20lsyla4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphingolipidosis'?","A. A lipid storage disease that is characterized by the desposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material in tendons or other body parts. B. A lipid storage disease characterized by functional deficiencies in the enzymes needed for lysosomal degradation of sphingolipid substrates. C. A lipid storage disease that is characterized by accumulation of triglycerides in the cytoplasm of leukocytes, muscle, liver, fibroblasts, and other tissues. D. Xref MGI. OMIM mapping submitted by NeuroDevNet. [LS].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,sphingolipidosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1927 1_1_oopyq3ar,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone 4 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid inferior and inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 5 and 10 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 4, 11 and 15 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery. D. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the basal, mid, apical inferior zones and the basal and mid inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the left coronary artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone 4 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86539 1_1_vmy9kk44,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'antitussive'?","A. Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. B. An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. C. A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. D. A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,antitussive,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51177 1_1_n3ceqnkg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bracteole'?","A. Sac-like bract subtending the pistillate flower, as in Carex. B. A phyllome that is the first organ or one of the first two organs formed at the base of an axillary shoot, often smaller and/or in a distinctively different position from leaves formed subsequently. C. A prophyll which is borne singly or in pairs on a pedicel . D. A prophyll that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bracteole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009043 1_1_5cvtuo93,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tool grinder, filer, or sharpener'?","A. Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors. B. Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides. C. Inspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, or systems to ensure compliance with regulations and safety standards. D. Perform precision smoothing, sharpening, polishing, or grinding of metal objects.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"tool grinder, filer, or sharpener",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51419400 1_1_98mr92wh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol consumption reduction'?","A. A reduction in alcohol consumption. B. A material entity-related behaviour that involves ingesting material into the body. C. The first instance of alcohol consumption. D. A change quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol consumption reduction,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000116 1_1_fb4k9690,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'fused compound'?","A. A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. B. A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are not adjacent to each other. C. A polycyclic compound in which one ring contains two, and only two, atoms in common with each of two or more rings of a contiguous series of rings. Such compounds have n common faces and less than 2n common atoms. D. A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are adjacent to each other.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,fused compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35293 1_1_ovcxwiu9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gamma-aminobutyric acid'?","A. An acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component. B. A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. C. A bioactive polypeptide of 39 amino acid residues isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). High-affinity glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (Kd = 136 pM); potently induces cAMP formation without stimulating amylase release in pancreatic acini; potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated rat islets; protects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. A synthetic version is called exenatide. D. An omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,gamma-aminobutyric acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16865 1_1_p4sbz29w,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'epidermal rhizoid initial cell'?","A. An initial cell that is part of an plant epidermis and gives rise to specialized cells. B. A plant epidermal initial cell that gives rise to an epidermal rhizoid . C. A portion of cortex that is part of a pedicel . D. An plant epidermal initial cell that undergoes several rounds of uneven division, each time giving rise to a larger daughter cell that differentiates into an epidermal ground cell and a smaller daughter cell that remains meristematic, until the meristematic cell differentiates into a guard mother cell .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,epidermal rhizoid initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030068 1_1_3rag10ok,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue'?","A. A lamina propria that is part of a urethra [Automatically generated definition]. B. The styloid process of the ulna projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist[WP,unvetted]. C. The acetabulum presents below a deep notch, the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular non-articular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity: this depression is perforated by numerous apertures, and lodges a mass of fat. The notch is converted into a foramen by the transverse ligament; through the foramen nutrient vessels and nerves enter the joint; the margins of the notch serve for the attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur. D. An eyelid connective tissue that is part of a hypodermis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,eyelid subcutaneous connective tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009648 1_1_un0nx3ht,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'compacted soil'?","A. Soil which has been amended with fertilizers. B. A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage C. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. D. Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,compacted soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105205 1_1_p5smy14o,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion of meristem tissue'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the adaxial/upper portion of the nucellus overlying vascular strands in a caryopsis fruit . B. A portion of plant tissue which is a small ball of cells born on a thallus and is involved in asexual reproduction. C. A portion of plant tissue in which plant cells have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. D. Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,portion of meristem tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009013 1_1_op9snqd7,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'artist or related worker, all other'?","A. Create special effects or animations using film, video, computers, or other electronic tools and media for use in products, such as computer games, movies, music videos, and commercials. B. Formulate design concepts and presentation approaches for visual productions and media, such as print, broadcasting, video, and film. Direct workers engaged in artwork or layout design. C. All artists and related workers not listed separately. D. Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"artist or related worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27101900 1_1_3pogqwlx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenosine biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,adenosine biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046086 1_1_liwp8wcz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->6)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp'?","A. A branched amino pentasaccharide comprising a chain of alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl and beta-D-galactose residues linked sequentially (2->6) and (1->3), to the N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residue of which is also attached via a beta(1->3) linkage an N-acetylneuraminyl-(1->3)-D-galactosyl disaccharide side-chain. A 5-aminopentyl linker may be attached to the oxygen at position 1 of the reducing-end galactose residue. B. An amino trisaccharide that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 6 have been converted into the corresponding 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl and beta-D-mannopyranosyl derivatives, respectively. C. A branched amino heptasaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine carrying two individual N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosyl tetrasaccharide units via (1->3) and (1->6) glycosidic linkages. D. A linear amino tetrasaccharide comprising an alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl residue, an alpha-N-glycoloylneuraminyl residue, a beta-D-galactose residue and (at the reducing end) an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue, linked sequentially (2->8), (2->3) and (1->4).",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->6)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_190715 1_1_wq9t8n78,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'deformity DP'?","A. A disease process that has the outcome of the formation of a cyst B. is a major abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ compared to the normal shape of that part. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. D. A hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. For example, the intestines may break through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. Hernias are most common in the abdomen, but they can also appear in the upper thigh, belly button, and groin areas. Most hernias aren’t immediately life-threatening, but they don’t go away on their own. Sometimes they can require surgery to prevent potentially dangerous complications.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,deformity DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000013 1_1_3sirmzmv,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Output Set'?","A. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. B. Complex Gateway C. Participant, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Pool, Message, and Web service, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. OutputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Output Set,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#output_set 1_1_j6nl515r,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories B. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. C. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathologic primary tumor stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002243 1_1_pnqs0g06,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'they/he pronouns'?","A. A pronoun set composed of he/him and they/them pronouns, in which he/him pronouns are typically (but not always) prioritized. B. A pronoun set composed of they/them and he/him pronouns, in which they/them pronouns are typically (but not always) prioritized. C. A pronoun set composed of they, them, their, theirs, and themself. D. A pronoun set composed of she/her and they/them pronouns, in which she/her pronouns are typically (but not always) prioritized.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,they/he pronouns,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011700 1_1_9826zm0y,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrous ring of mitral valve'?","A. left fibrous ring of heart which consists of the anulus proper, the interfilar connective tissue, the left fibrous trigone and the subaortic curtain of left ventricle that attaches the leaflets of mitral valve to the wall of heart. B. Fibrous ring of heart which consists of firbous rings of mitral and aortic valves. C. Set of organs consisting of all the teeth at defined stages of development. D. Left fibrous ring of heart which consists of the anterior, right posterior and left posterior semilunar fibrous scallops of the aortic valve anulus that attaches the cusp of aortic valve to the wall of heart.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fibrous ring of mitral valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9498 1_1_w3gnjs9a,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic respiratory failure'?","A. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) B. occurs when fluid builds up in air sacs of lungs C. respiratory system has been attacked, used to specify symptoms D. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute)",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic respiratory failure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000218 1_1_szxpnz5y,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fracture of neck, unspecified, initial encounter'?","A. complication in mechanical design.function of internal and external prosthetic devices, implants and grafts B. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck C. Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. D. occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity and loss of height.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Fracture of neck, unspecified, initial encounter",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000130 1_1_e7b5o00v,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'OLIN'?","A. This package provides classes and methods to support Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). B. Functions for normalisation of two-color microarrays by optimised local regression and for detection of artefacts in microarray data C. This package implements various algorithms for inferring mutual information networks from data. All the algorithms compute the mutual information matrix in order to infer a network. Several mutual information estimators are implemented. D. Calls aberrations for array CGH data using a six state mixture model as well as several biological concepts that are ignored by existing algorithms. Visualization of profiles is also provided.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,OLIN,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000308 1_1_r8cfp7vf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Leaf abaxial surface color'?","A. Panelist observe the visual appearance of boiled potatoes and rate it B. Observe the color of the leaf abaxial surface and rate it C. Observe the pigmentation of the main stem and rate it D. Farmers observe the plant resistance to bacterial wilt and rate it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Leaf abaxial surface color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000049 1_1_jd3fnhuq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'left bundle-branch block DP, unspecified'?","A. First-degree atrioventricular block (AV block), or PR prolongation, is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which the PR interval is lengthened beyond 0.20 seconds. B. Electrical impulses that cause your heart to beat originate in the upper right chamber of the heart and travel to the lower chambers. In bundle branch block, the pathway that these impulses travel on is delayed or blocked. C. help with diet means the person is not eating healthy. D. a common electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormality seen in patients whose normal cardiac conduction down both anterior and posterior left fascicles of the His-Purkinje system is compromised.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"left bundle-branch block DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000241 1_1_mjx46tb4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Silage yield 65% moisture determination'?","A. Silage yield at 65% moisture content B. Measurement of fatty acid C18:1* content C. Measure the tertiary kernel perimeter. D. Laboratory analysis of stem water soluable content.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Silage yield 65% moisture determination,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005608 1_1_jvximddf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryo sac cell'?","A. A native plant cell that is part of the phyllome anlagen . B. A plant cell that is either part of a multicellular whole plant 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). C. A native plant cell at the base of a gemma or adjacent to a brachycyte that breaks down to allow abscission of the gemma or brachycyte. D. A native plant cell that is part of an embryo sac .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,embryo sac cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025026 1_1_hblzo9pg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'abnormal electrocardiogram'?","A. abnormal results from cardiogram B. high LDH levels indicate tissue damage. C. Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute for adults. D. blood tests have found abnormalities of protiens in the blood which can indicate clues for a potential ilness",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,abnormal electrocardiogram,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000412 1_1_uejirfo5,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Object'?","A. A thing in a comic universe. B. A vehicle in a comic universe. C. An object in a comic universe. D. An event in a comic universe.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Object,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Object 1_1_byzk2igw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiple sclerosis'?","A. Any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. B. A demyelinating disease that involves damage to the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord resulting in demyelination and scarring. C. Gynecomastia induced by increased or elevated HCG (hCG). D. A film award related to LGBTQIA+ persons or culture.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,multiple sclerosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2377 1_1_qisedkm5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Student's t-test'?","A. Studen't t-test is a data transformation with the objective of a statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic has a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is true. It is applied when the population is assumed to be normally distributed but the sample sizes are small enough that the statistic on which inference is based is not normally distributed because it relies on an uncertain estimate of standard deviation rather than on a precisely known value. B. A statistical hypothesis test data transformation is a data transformation that has objective statistical hypothesis test. C. The chi-square test is a data transformation with the objective of statistical hypothesis testing, in which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-square distribution when the null hypothesis is true, or any in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the sampling distribution (if the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chi-square distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough. D. A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Student's t-test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000739 1_1_b7i7andi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 9'?","A. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by severe psychomotor delay, predominantly involving motor and expressive language development, cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, and corpus callosum hypoplasia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the SLC35B2 gene on chromosome 6p21. B. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by onset of global developmental delay in infancy or early childhood that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DEGS1 gene on chromosome 1q42. C. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of delayed psychomotor development and other neurologic features associated with hypomyelination that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the POLR1C gene on chromosome 6p21. D. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by delayed psychomotor development, spasticity, and nystagmus starting in the first year of life that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the RARS gene on chromosome 5q34.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060791 1_1_vhmgoq6t,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'memantine'?","A. An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia. B. A primary aliphatic amine that is the 3,5-dimethyl derivative of 1-aminoadamantane. A low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel); NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels. C. Psychological or behavior intervention is a combination of program elements, strategies, or modalities designed to influence psychological or behavioral processes or outcomes. D. A therapy using a compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,memantine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64312 1_1_4ktvpuvw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete_XML'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. 5. SWO_0000448 was initially created within the originalsoftwareontology.owl and later moved to swo_data.owl. SWO_3000005 is also present within swo_data.owl. SWO_3000005 was retained and SWO_0000448 deemed obsolete, as SWO_3000005 has a better location in the hierarchy. All axioms belonging to SWO_0000448 were transferred to SWO_3000005. Please use SWO_3000005 instead. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete_XML,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000448 1_1_75i51chg,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rape of males'?","A. Rape of persons fulfilling a male gender role, having a male gender identity, or expressing male gender. B. Rape of persons fulfilling a male gender role, having a male gender identity, or expressing male gender by another such male. C. Rape of persons fulfilling a female gender role, having a female gender identity, or expressing female gender. D. Rape classified by types of rape by the sex and/or gender of both the rapist and the victim.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,rape of males,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003067 1_1_o7k3kgq9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pain insensitivity'?","A. Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (between the layers of the peritoneum that lines the abdomen). B. Inability to perceive painful stimuli. C. This attaches the caudal border of the thyroid cartilage to the ventral arch of the cricoid cartilage. Its sheetlike ventral portion is sometimes referred to as the cricothyroid membrane. Being elastic, it 'balances' movement at the hinge-like cricothyroid joint and determines the resting position of the larynx when the muscles are relaxed[MURDOCH]. The cricothyroid ligament is the larger part of the laryngeal membrane, continuing inferiorly as a median or anterior part and twin lateral ligaments. The median cricothyroid ligament is a flat band of white tissue joining the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, while the lateral cricothyroid ligament is also known as the cricothyroid membrane (also called conus elasticus). D. Reduced ability to perceive painful stimuli.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pain insensitivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0007021 1_1_egh5d7mg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for screening for other viral diseases'?","A. screening for respiratory condition B. screening is done to prevent a disease or to help identify the disease. C. Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. D. Patient had a viral disease screening done",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for screening for other viral diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000451 1_1_8z77k7c7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'B-2 B cell'?","A. A mature B cell that is located in the marginal zone of the spleen with the phenotype CD23-negative and CD21-positive and expressing a B cell receptor usually reactive to bacterial cell wall components or senescent self components such as oxidized-LDL. This cell type is also described as being CD19-positive, B220-positive, IgM-high, AA4-negative, CD35-high. B. A conventional B cell subject to antigenic stimulation and dependent on T cell help and with a distinct surface marker expression pattern from B-1 B cells. These cells are CD43-negative. C. A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. These cells are CD43-positive. D. A mature B cell located in the marginal zone of the lymph node.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,B-2 B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000822 1_1_fi2ecjff,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'rib zone'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that gives rise to a root . B. A thin band of intercalary meristematic tissue at the junction of a leaf blade (lamina) and a leaf sheath found in grasses. C. A portion of meristem tissue that is found on the abaxial side of a developing phyllome . D. The region of the shoot apical meristem that lies below the central zone and is flanked by the peripheral zone.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,rib zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000226 1_1_zuapt7mx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-altrarate dehydratase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: D-altronate = 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + H2O. B. Catalysis of the reaction: L-altrarate = 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucarate + H2O. C. Catalysis of the reaction: prephenate = phenylpyruvate + H2O + CO2. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA = 3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)pent-2-enedioyl-CoA + H2O.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-altrarate dehydratase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990594 1_1_fvog86qh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gray leaf spot severity'?","A. Sorghum downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) incidence. B. Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) severity. C. Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. D. Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum = Helminthosporium turcicum) severity.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Gray leaf spot severity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000088 1_1_objmi57p,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'apical meristem'?","A. A shoot system meristem formed at the apex of the shoot axis , including those originating from an axillary bud meristem . B. A maximal portion of meristem tissue located at a shoot apex or root tip . C. The region of the shoot apical meristem that lies below the central zone and is flanked by the peripheral zone. D. A portion of meristem tissue that is the outer layer of an apical meristem , or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper , and gives rise to a portion of epidermis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,apical meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020144 1_1_h6yakhm4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'radionuclei retardation'?","A. entity (continuant) which is intended to be representative of a larger thing or universe, created to support observations designed to chracterize the larger thing B. The process or processes that cause the time required for a given radionuclide to move between two locations to be greater than the groundwater travel time, because of physical and chemical interactions between the radionuclide and the geohydrologic unit through which the radionuclide travels. C. A set of different forecasts all valid at the same forecast time(s). D. The rate of flow of some quantity, often used in reference to the flow of some form of energy.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,radionuclei retardation,http://sweetontology.net/phenHydro/RadionucleiRetardation 1_1_hntlkbpa,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal inflammatory response'?","A. Altered immune function characterized by lymphoid proliferation, immune activation, and excessive autoreactivity often leading to autoimmune/inflammatory complications. B. A abnormal increase in the inflammatory response to injury or infection. C. The occurrence of an immune reaction against the organism's own cells or tissues. D. Any anomaly of the inflammatory response, a response to injury or infection characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal inflammatory response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012647 1_1_x2x20p0q,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of multicellular organismal process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition or modulates the distribution of coloring matter in an organism.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of multicellular organismal process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051239 1_1_ewabuil7,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'headache'?","A. Headache is a pain characterized by a pain in the head. B. A sensation perception where there is an unpleasant sensation that usually indicates the body is threatened or damaged. The sensation may be sharp or dull, short-lived or chronic, intermittent or continual, confined to one area or spread over the entire body. C. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. D. Heartburn is a pain characterized by a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat that happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,headache,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000504 1_1_i5kief80,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gene'?","A. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. B. A gene is a material entity that represents the entire DNA sequence required for synthesis of a functional protein or RNA molecule. C. Any of a kingdom (Plantae) of living things typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious nervous or sensory organs and possessing cellulose cell walls. D. Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,gene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 1_1_sdu93fxc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'taiga'?","A. A forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria. These plant communities cover large areas of the globe and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth's biosphere. B. biome characterized by coniferous forests C. Are neighboring ridges on different tectonic plates which have similar seismic characteristics. ‘Based on similar seismic velocity gradients of the lavas of the Carnegie, Cocos and Malpelos Ridges there is evidence that the hotspot activity has been the result of a single long mantle melt rather than multiple periods of activity and dormancy.’ [Wikipedia] D. Colloquial expression for a cumulonimbus anvil that spreads upwind into relatively strong winds aloft.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,taiga,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/Taiga 1_1_3eh870es,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'metamorphic'?","A. The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] B. The Wilson cycle (a plate tectonics based rock cycle) was developed by J. Tuzo Wilson during the 1960s and 1970s. [Wikipedia] C. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When sedimentary (and/or) igneous layers are folded, bent or twisted by heat and pressure due to motions of tectonic plates or intrusions by magma, the rocky material is transformed into other rock called metamorphic rock. [Wikipedia] D. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. Igneous refers to the process whereby hot material from the mantle is squeezed upward toward the earth's surface. If it has not reached the surface then the material is described as an intrusive structure and the rocks it creates are called Intrusive Rock. If it extrudes from the surface the material is described as a volcano and the rock it creates is known as Extrusive Rock. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,metamorphic,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/Metamorphic 1_1_7u2l24m1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'regional part of brain'?","A. Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. B. Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK). C. The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. D. The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,regional part of brain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002616 1_1_9mqrhz3v,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-(alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine residue'?","A. An amino-acid residue derived from O-(alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. A modified serine residue. B. An amino-acid residue that is formed when the carboxy group of any amino acid (where R is the side chain) undergoes a cyclodehydration reaction with a neighboring L-serine amino acid in a protein, resulting in the formation of a 2-oxazoline moiety. C. The residue in a peptide that has a free carboxyl group, or at least does not acylate another amino-acid residue, is called C-terminal. D. An amino-acid residue derived from 5'-(N(6)-L-lysine)-L-tyrosylquinone.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,O-(alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine residue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64639 1_1_4eojyq0o,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'functional diarrhea'?","A. A condition in which stool becomes hard, dry, and difficult to pass, and bowel movements don't happen very often. B. used to specify a diagnosis of secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of intrathoracic lymph nodes. C. a problem with how your stomach and bowels function or work D. loose stool consistency and chronicity and absence of coexisting irritable bowel syndrome",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,functional diarrhea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000313 1_1_cg5rg8i7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'stimulant drug user'?","A. A substance user whose use involves injection of some psychoactive substance. B. A substance user who uses some stimulant drug. C. A substance user who engages in tobacco use. D. A substance user who uses an opioid drug.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,stimulant drug user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001091 1_1_0v29mp7y,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'tissue'?","A. A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. B. Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. C. Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. D. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP].",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 1_1_sgjwlsod,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant embryo coleoptile'?","A. A coleoptile that is part of a plant embryo . B. A coleorhiza that is part of a plant embryo . C. A sheath-like plant organ that surrounds the plumule of a plant embryo or the emerging shoot apex of a seedling. D. A plant structure that is part of an plant embryo .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant embryo coleoptile,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025286 1_1_8yfvhlio,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes '8-cell conceptus'?","A. Pre-embryonic conceptus consisting of two blastomeres. B. Developmental organism resulting from successive cleavage of zygote. C. Pre-embryonic conceptus consisting of eight blastomeres. D. Pre-embryonic conceptus consisting of four blastomeres.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,8-cell conceptus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma293344 1_1_if5rbxx9,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cutaneous appendage'?","A. One of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. B. Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales. C. Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. D. Frozen soil which has very low total water content and is not cemented by ice; its compressibility is the same as that of unfrozen soils having the same composition, total water content and density.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cutaneous appendage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000021 1_1_b7oqti9z,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant early vigour'?","A. The initial vigour of the seedling. B. The capacity of plants to produce tillers. C. The total number of tillers per area. D. The length of the spike.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant early vigour,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000003 1_1_lkq4db8n,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'frontal suture morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which any suture between cranial bones is generated and organized. B. The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized. C. The process in which the coronal suture is generated and organized. D. The process in which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,frontal suture morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060364 1_1_48kxmrlc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mangrove'?","A. Any variable considered as a function of other variables, the latter being called independent. B. Mangroves (generally) are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. The word is used in at least three senses, (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal, for which the terms mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangal, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. Mangals are found in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments, often with high organic content, collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. C. A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. D. Ascending air flow caused by mountains. Mechanisms that produce the lifting fall into two broad categories: 1) the upward deflection of horizontal larger-scale flow by the orography acting as an obstacle or barrier; or 2) the daytime heating of mountain surfaces to produce anabatic flow along the slopes and updrafts in the vicinity of the peaks.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mangrove,http://sweetontology.net/matrPlant/Mangrove 1_1_1ymkca6n,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'partitioning objective'?","A. A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis. B. An objective specification to transformation input data into output data C. A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. D. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,partitioning objective,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200172 1_1_heosg7w0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation'?","A. Count the stem number and record it B. Farmers are encouraged to select three traits at flowering stage C. Count the number of harvested plants and record it D. Count the total number of flowers per main inflorescence at the time of flowering and record it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000552 1_1_ar5xa42r,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hippocampal neuron'?","A. An endophenotype (also known as intermediate phenotype) is a quantitative biological trait that is reliable in reflecting the function of a discrete biological system and is reasonably heritable, and as such is more closely related to the root cause of the disease than the broad clinical phenotype. B. A cognitive measurement that is the output (score) from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) for Dementia C. A neuron of the hippocampus. D. Pyramidal neurons have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their region. Pyramidal neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hippocampal neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002608 1_1_mrk0k0rc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'residential facility'?","A. A facility that provides housing, health care and social care. B. An architectural structure that bears some function. C. A facility that has at least one housing unit as part in which a person or persons live D. A facility that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,residential facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMRSE_00000191 1_1_t12ugxd9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinitis pigmentosa 24'?","A. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region Xq26-q27. B. A retinitis pigmentosa characterized by relatively mild disease, with decreased visual acuity, visual field constriction, nyctalopia, and slow progression that has_material_basis_in duplication or triplication in the chromosome 17q22-q23 region that results in disruption of topologically associated domains (TADs) and increased retinal expression of GDPD1. C. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the IFT140 gene on chromosome 16p13. D. A retinitis pigmentosa characterized by onset of night blindness between ages 3 and 4 years and complete blindness as early as age 7 that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DHX38 gene on chromosome 16q22.2.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinitis pigmentosa 24,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110416 1_1_n4r6hds4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root periderm scar'?","A. Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of the inflorescence meristem on a vegetative branch. B. A portion of root periderm formed in response to a disruption of the root epidermis . C. A portion of periderm tissue that is part of a root . D. OBSOLETE. The branch on a trichome.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root periderm scar,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030090 1_1_8p337o2l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'public relations specialist'?","A. Research, design, develop, or test automation, intelligent systems, smart devices, or industrial systems control. B. Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media. C. Prepare studies for proposed transportation projects. Gather, compile, and analyze data. Study the use and operation of transportation systems. Develop transportation models or simulations. D. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,public relations specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27303100 1_1_0db7yqpb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Boiled storage root fiber content'?","A. The iron concentration in fresh weight basis of the storage root B. The fiber content of the boiled storage root C. The calcium concentration in fresh weight basis of the storage root D. Fructose content of the storage root",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Boiled storage root fiber content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000256 1_1_gt3v9r8a,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'centarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses both centripetally and centrifugally from the center. B. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) towards the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem progresses centripetally, the oldest elements (protoxylem) are farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally with the oldest elements (protoxylem) in the center of the axis.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,centarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025552 1_1_2350ex9l,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular component biogenesis'?","A. The assembly and secretion a set of components to form an extracellular vesicule, a membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region. Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, based on the mechanism by which they are released from cells and differentiated based on their size and content. B. A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. C. A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a cellular component. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the cellular component. D. A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a complex containing RNA and proteins. Includes the biosynthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cellular component biogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044085 1_1_d1pb74bq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Forearm proper'?","A. Segment of forearm between elbow and wrist. B. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the proximal segment of trunk of splenic artery. C. Subdivision of inferior systemic venous tree, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the pampiniform plexus of somee broad ligament. D. Leaflet of mitral valve which is attached to the anterior head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle through the chorda tendinea of the left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Forearm proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma300148 1_1_u9basqnn,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ratification'?","A. When an act is completely rewritten in a new way but the topic remains the same. B. When an international treaty is ratified by local parliament in order to include it in the local legal system. The same thing happens when each local parliament ratifies bilateral or multilateral agreements. C. When a local act applies in the local legal system normative supra-ordered such as when a region applies an EU directive or a decree it applies the normative contant in some act D. When a part of some primary legislative source is delegated to some secondary legislative source (e.g. from act to regulation).",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Ratification,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Ratification 1_1_d1xximcr,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of apical zone of left ventricle'?","A. Region of myocardium which is superiorly bounded by the plane of the insertion of the papillary muscle of the left ventricle and inferiorly by the apex of the heart. B. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of trabecula carnea of the right ventricle. C. Region of myocardium of right ventricle which has as its parts the apical anterior zone, apical septal zone, apical inferior zone and apical lateral zone of myocardium of right ventricle. D. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle and the myocardium proper of left ventricle..",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of apical zone of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86047 1_1_pyt9qzil,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Modification_of_Term'?","A. Modification of the interpretation of normative content by the author or some superior actor B. Modification by paraphrasing C. A modification that changes the meaning of some provision without changing its literal text D. Modification of the term specified by some procedural deadline.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Modification_of_Term,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Modification_of_Term 1_1_91vrflgy,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'seksualitet'?","A. Behavior considered of an abnormal sexual nature and therefore likely clinically significant. B. Sexual suggestiveness is visual, verbal, written or behavioral material or action with sexual undertones implying sexual intent in order to provoke sexual arousal. There are variations in the perception and display of sexual suggestiveness, including but not limited to gender, culture and generation. C. The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. D. Changes or shifts in sexuality over time, usually through processes of self-discovery.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,seksualitet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000414 1_1_usooktl5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetyl-CoA'?","A. An acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component. B. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively. C. A peptide of 36-43 amino acids that is processed from the amyloid precursor protein. Appears to be the main constituent of amyloid plaques (deposits found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients). D. Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,acetyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15351 1_1_xvx2yudx,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'linguistic capability'?","A. A mental capability that is realised in processes of communication involving language or in expressions of language. B. A personal capability that includes mental processes in its realisation. C. A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed vocal expressions in a given language are produced. D. A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed expressions in a given language are understood.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,linguistic capability,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000050 1_1_ldqaq5nv,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Museum'?","A. A physical or digital museum exhibiting a collection of comic resources. B. An organization that guarantees the stated condition of a comic book. C. A physical or digital library containing a collection of comic resources. D. An agent responsible for the distribution of a comic publication.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Museum,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Museum 1_1_ev4bulud,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'rossby wave'?","A. Rossby (or planetary) waves are large-scale motions in the ocean or atmosphere whose restoring force is the variation in Coriolis effect with latitude. The waves were first identified in the atmosphere in 1939 by Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby who went on to explain their motion. Rossby waves are a subset of inertial waves B. Plinian eruptions are characterized by paroxysmal ejection of large volume of ash and pumice as a well-defined eruption column or ‘jet;’ often precedes caldera collapse. The resulting tephra fallout covers an area of more than 500 square kilometers. C. 1. Any wave motion in which no form of energy other than kinetic energy is present. In this general sense, Helmholtz waves, barotropic disturbances, Rossby waves, etc., are inertia waves. 2. More restrictedly, a wave motion in which the source of kinetic energy of the disturbance is the rotation of the fluid about some given axis. In the atmosphere a westerly wind system is such a source, the inertia waves here being, in general, stable. A similar analysis has been applied to smaller vortices, such as the hurricane. See inertial instability D. Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and λόγος,logos = knowledge ) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes (such as explosions).",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,rossby wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/RossbyWave 1_1_6opduspc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed layer evolution'?","A. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier B. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. C. The three-part change of the atmospheric boundary layer that typically occurs during fair weather over land on sunny days. In the early morning, the mixed layer is shallow, slowly deepening, cool (in a potential temperature sense), and is capped by the remains of the stable boundary layer from the previous night. In mid- to late morning, the top of the mixed layer exhibits rapid rise as heating eliminates the nocturnal inversion, and the mixed layer grows through the residual layer. The third stage in late morning and afternoon is that of a deep (order of 1?2 km) convective boundary layer of relatively constant depth. D. The extensive central cratons of continents may consist of both shields and platforms, and the crystalline basement. A shield is that part of a craton in which the usually Precambrian basement rocks crop out extensively at the surface. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mixed layer evolution,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/MixedLayerEvolution 1_1_2azppyd2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bacterial pneumonia'?","A. an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria B. inflammation of the lung that is caused by bacterial infections C. lung inflammation caused by bacterial infection, in which air sacs fill with pus D. an infection of your lungs caused by certain bacteria.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,bacterial pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000146 1_1_ipp749ne,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mass'?","A. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air. B. A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. C. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. D. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000125 1_1_ort68cc3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral frenulum'?","A. A small fold of mucous membrane in the mouth, connecting either the tongue or the lip to the mouth mucosa. B. A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a palate [Automatically generated definition]. D. The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001].",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,oral frenulum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0036293 1_1_59zvtdl5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'axonogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission. B. Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. C. De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. D. The process in which the terminal anatomical structures of an axon are generated and organized into branches of specialised projections, or boutons. An axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminal branches.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,axonogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007409 1_1_beesk6td,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete arrayQualityMetrics'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete arrayQualityMetrics,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000474 1_1_bj4mjhlr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SLqPCR'?","A. Functions for analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data at SIRS-Lab GmbH B. Quantile smoothing and genomic visualization of array data C. Synthetic datasets to a) demonstrate the usage of bioconductor packages, b) write unit tests, while keeping dependencies and ressources usage minimal. D. This package functions for performing print-run and array level quality assessment.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SLqPCR,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000384 1_1_upctktfz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit yield total weight method'?","A. Record the Julian date when first fruit develops ripe color on at least half of its surface B. Measure the length of the epipodium of the primary fruit from the calyx to the truss. C. Observe the plant and record the date when at the end of flowering. D. Weigh total fruit yield and record it.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit yield total weight method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000264 1_1_q6b2kfj7,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of monoatomic ion transport'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport across the blood-brain barrier. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renal water transport. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of monoatomic ion transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043269 1_1_clc8mr3j,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular leaf meristematic apical cell'?","A. A leaf meristematic apical cell that is part of a leaf apex of a non-vascular leaf. B. A leaf meristematic apical cell that is part of the leaf apex of a vascular leaf. C. A shoot meristematic apical cell that is part of a leaf apex. D. A portion of secondary xylem that has as parts living secondary xylem parenchyma cells .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular leaf meristematic apical cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030012 1_1_z06fmdj7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'HilbertVis'?","A. This package provides easy, fast functions for the extraction and annotation of individual probes from Affymetrix tiling arrays. B. Functions to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves C. Most analyses of Affymetrix GeneChip data are based on point estimates of expression levels and ignore the uncertainty of such estimates. By propagating uncertainty to downstream analyses we can improve results from microarray analyses. For the first time, the puma package makes a suite of uncertainty propagation methods available to a general audience. puma also offers improvements in terms of scope and speed of execution over previously available uncertainty propagation methods. D. A set of functions to create and interact with dynamic documents and vignettes.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,HilbertVis,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000225 1_1_0tq6vfer,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stroma'?","A. Organ component which consists of connective tissue that subdivides parenchyma into lobes, segments, lobules, acini, or cortex and medulla and the vascular and the neural networks intermixed with this connective tissue. B. Organ component, each instance of which is an outer layer or region of some organ. C. Stroma between glomerular capillaries or between glomerular capillaries and macula densa. D. Organ component, each instance of which is an inneer layer or region of some organ.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Stroma,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81494 1_1_abch7utm,"In the ontology of Public Contracts, which of the following definitions best describes 'Public contract'?","A. An instance of this class is an abstract information entity about a public contract. It consists of all currently known information about a contract, e.g., a contracting authority, services or supplies which shall be purchased, and contract conditions (e.g., important dates, expected price, etc.). It also informs about tenders received from particular bidders and about an accepted tender. If the contract has already been realized it also informs about an actual price of realization, etc. B. Basic class for decribing a tender submitted by a bidder C. Class for decribing a framework agreement D. Opening of tenders submitted for a public contract",A,1_1,business_finance/public_contracts_ontology,Public contract,http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#Contract 1_1_ve0dti2c,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'inadequate family support'?","A. patient whose mobility is reduced B. patient needs assisstance with personal care C. problems related to dependency on health care providers D. Lack of familial support",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,inadequate family support,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000423 1_1_a6ef9yb6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'endomitotic cell cycle'?","A. Repeated episodes of headache with rapid onset, reaching a peak within minutes and of short duration (less than one hour) with pain that is throbbing, pulsating, or bursting in quality. B. A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. C. Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. D. The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all arteries.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,endomitotic cell cycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007113 1_1_e3yx2tsi,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'contact sport'?","A. Any of various sports which take place primarily in, or on, a body of snow and/or ice. B. Any of various sports which take place in, or on, a body of water. C. Any of various forms of competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or organized participation, at least in part aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators. D. Any of various sports that emphasize or require physical contact between players.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,contact sport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008643 1_1_ttvm98nd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Systemic arterial tree'?","A. Blood vessel tree organ, the organ parts of which are arteries. Examples: There are only two canonical types, systemic arterial tree (organ) and pulmonary arterial tree (organ). B. Arterial tree (organ) connected to the left ventricle. Examples: There is only one systemic arterial tree (organ). C. Branch of right coronary artery which emerges near the orifice of the superior vena cava and supplies the lateral and posterior walls of the right atrium. D. Arterial tree organ connected to the right ventricle. Examples: There is only one pulmonary arterial tree (organ).",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Systemic arterial tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49894 1_1_7huc50cz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'effusive eruption'?","A. A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. B. An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. C. A poll which is attached to the head, foot, or side of a bed frame. D. An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,effusive eruption,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000656 1_1_igwogu4k,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Time to fruit harvesting'?","A. Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence B. Time to the first leaf emergence on a plant or sprouted shoot (vine) in a plot C. Time between 5 and 95% senescence D. Time of fruit harvesting",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Time to fruit harvesting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000272 1_1_wmuky3vq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'partner of nonbinary person'?","A. A person whose partner is a transfeminine person. B. A person whose partner is a nonbinary person. C. A person whose partner is a transmasculine person. D. The romantic and/or sexual partner of a transgender person.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,partner of nonbinary person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001981 1_1_ocnd2q59,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dengue hemorrhagic fever'?","A. A dengue disease that involves the most severe form of dengue fever, has_material_basis_in Dengue virus (Orthoflavivirus denguei), which are transmitted_by Aedes mosquito bite. The infection has_symptom easy bruising, has_symptom blood spots, has_symptom bleeding gums, and has_symptom nosebleeds. It is accompanied by circulatory collapse, involves hypotension, narrow pulse pressure (less than or equal to 20mm Hg), or frank shock. The shock occurs after two to six days of symptoms, followed by collapse, weak pulse, and blueness around the mouth. B. A dengue disease that occurs when a person experiences a second infection with a heterologous Dengue virus (Orthoflavivirus denguei) serotype, which is transmitted_by Aedes mosquito bite. The infection has_symptom hemorrhagic lesions of the skin, has_symptom thrombocytopenia, has_symptom reduction in the fluid part of the blood, and has_symptom high fever. Four distinct Dengue virus serotypes have been identified. C. A dengue disease that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Dengue virus (Orthoflavivirus denguei), which are transmitted_by Aedes mosquito bite. The infection has no manifestations of symptoms. D. A viral infectious disease that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Dengue virus (Orthoflavivirus denguei), which are transmitted by Aedes mosquito bite. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom severe headache, has symptom severe pain behind the eyes, has symptom joint pain, has symptom muscle and bone pain, has symptom rash, and has symptom mild bleeding.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,dengue hemorrhagic fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12206 1_1_lfdc365u,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed lead content - Measurement'?","A. Determined using hydrolytic extraction gas chromatographic method of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMES) method on GC-FID with BPX70 column. B. Measure shell thickness and record it. Usually recorded within two months after harvest, average width of 10 pods. C. Acid digested samples, detected by Ion Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) D. Count and weigh seed per sampling unit (single, 100, 200, 1000).",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed lead content - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000435 1_1_2ey6a9px,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'subdivision of organism along main body axis'?","A. Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. B. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. C. The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. D. The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,subdivision of organism along main body axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011676 1_1_3kw9d97e,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'loss prevention manager'?","A. Design technologies specializing in light information or light energy, such as laser or fiber optics technology. B. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. C. Teach or instruct out-of-school youths and adults in basic education, literacy, or English as a Second Language classes, or in classes for earning a high school equivalency credential. D. Plan and direct policies, procedures, or systems to prevent the loss of assets. Determine risk exposure or potential liability, and develop risk control measures.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,loss prevention manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11919908 1_1_mlqlm5fo,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'timecourse'?","A. This package can be used to handle MAGEML documents in Bioconductor B. Functions for data analysis and graphical displays for developmental microarray time course data. C. The logitT library implements the Logit-t algorithm introduced in --A high performance test of differential gene expression for oligonucleotide arrays-- by William J Lemon, Sandya Liyanarachchi and Ming You for use with Affymetrix data stored in an AffyBatch object in R. D. Decomposition of Isotopic Patterns",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,timecourse,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000717 1_1_gjb78lhg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of odontogenesis'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of odontogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042482 1_1_llycp83t,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anatomical set'?","A. Cell component which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. B. anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas. C. Anatomical structure which has as its boundary the external surface of a maximally connected plasma membrane. Examples: lymphocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, neuron. D. Material anatomical entity which consists of the maximum number of discontinuous members of the same class. Examples: set of cranial nerves, ventral branches of aorta, set of mammary arteries, thoracic viscera, dental arcade.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Anatomical set,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_55652 1_1_nduzhlnb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity'?","A. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + N-acetylmuramate (out) = protein cysteine + N-acetylmuramate-6-phosphate (in). B. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucosamine (out) = protein cysteine + glucosamine-6-phosphate (in). C. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + glucose(out) = protein cysteine + glucose phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport. D. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein S-phosphocysteine + D-fructose(out) = protein cysteine + D-fructose-1-phosphate(in).",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein-phosphocysteine-N-acetylmuramate phosphotransferase system transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090588 1_1_wzvz1qc5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'downdraft'?","A. In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force. B. A wind that opposes the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's airspeed greater than its groundspeed; the opposite of a tailwind. C. Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. D. The mean wind-shear vector in geostrophic balance with the gradient of mean temperature of a layer bounded by two isobaric surfaces.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,downdraft,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/Downdraft 1_1_zw7h6dxv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'brexanolone'?","A. Any member of the group of lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acid-derived group is attached. B. A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women. C. Any aliphatic monocarboxylic acid derived from or contained in esterified form in an animal or vegetable fat, oil or wax. D. A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,brexanolone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50169 1_1_20mg6qnc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydathode'?","A. The basal part of stem. B. A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf. C. A cardinal organ part that releases water through a hydathode pore. D. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a petiole lamina and the area immediately internally adjacent to it.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,hydathode,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005660 1_1_5z7hgtqb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'social grade AB'?","A. A social grade where the person's primary income is from state benefit or they are unemployed or in unstable, low paid, unskilled employment. B. A social grade where the person's occupation is higher and intermediate professional or managerial. C. unemployed and lowest grade occupations. D. A social grade where the person's occupation is supervisory, clerical, or junior managerial or administrative or professional.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,social grade AB,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001389 1_1_1ua0vxar,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'information technology project manager'?","A. Apply knowledge of engineering technology and biological science to agricultural problems concerned with power and machinery, electrification, structures, soil and water conservation, and processing of agricultural products. B. Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. Serve as liaison between business and technical aspects of projects. Plan project stages and assess business implications for each stage. Monitor progress to assure deadlines, standards, and cost targets are met. C. Audition and interview performers to select most appropriate talent for parts in stage, television, radio, or motion picture productions. D. Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets, and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security measures. May research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,information technology project manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15129909 1_1_jzckw538,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery from the main pulmonary artery'?","A. The left common carotid artery normally originates from the aortic arch. This term refers to an origin of this artery from the main pulmonary artery. B. An abnormal widening (dilatation) of the common carotid artery. C. The right common carotid artery normally originates from the brachiocephalic artery. This term refers to an origin of this artery directly from the aorta. D. The left common carotid artery normally originates from the aortic arch. This term refers to an origin of this artery from the brachiocephalic artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anomalous origin of the left common carotid artery from the main pulmonary artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031634 1_1_f1qv68o4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of collagen metabolic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate. B. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of collagen metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010714 1_1_3a5mg0y2,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'connective tissue cancer'?","A. A connective tissue cancer that arises in fat cells in deep soft tissue retroperitoneum and the extremities. B. A musculoskeletal system cancer that is located_in muscle. C. A musculoskeletal system cancer that is located_in connective tissue. D. A connective tissue cancer that has_material_basis_in fibrous connective tissue and characterized by the presence of immature proliferating fibroblasts or undifferentiated anaplastic spindle cells in a storiform pattern.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,connective tissue cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_201 1_1_7nepf9xs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'medroxyprogesterone replacement therapy'?","A. A form of hormone therapy in which progestogens are replaced. B. The adoption of LGBTQ adults. C. A form of hormone therapy in which micronized progesterone is utilized. D. A form of hormone therapy in which medroxyprogesterone is utilized.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,medroxyprogesterone replacement therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010790 1_1_z9g8mq32,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'androgenic alopecia'?","A. An alopecia characterized by the complete loss of hair on the scalp and body. B. An alopecia that is characterized by M-shaped hair line recession and thinning of hair at the crown of the head in males. C. An alopecia characterized by irreversible hair loss during the neonatal period on all hear-bearing areas of the body followed by development of papular lesions all over the body that has_material_basis_in mutations in the HR gene on chromosome 8p21.3. D. An alopecia characterized by anagen phase (actively growing) hair that is easily pulled from the scalp typically presenting in childhood in fair haired individuals and improving with age.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,androgenic alopecia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050801 1_1_13b7747w,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-xanthosyl) tetraphosphate'?","A. A purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate having xanthosine as the nucleobase. B. A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-xanthosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions. C. The xanthosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. D. Trianion of xanthosine 5'-diphosphate arising from deprotonation of all three OH groups of the diphosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-xanthosyl) tetraphosphate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28400 1_1_o6ytfgwy,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed average green color'?","A. Numerical seed color blue component, RGB B Component from image analysis B. Average perimeter of the seeds from image analysis C. Numerical seed color green value, RGB G Component from image analysis D. Numerical seed color red value, RGB R Component from image analysis",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed average green color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_367:0000143 1_1_twz6rsrp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sertraline'?","A. A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. B. A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. C. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. D. The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sertraline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9123 1_1_qs1j2s66,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf apex tendril'?","A. A phyllome apex that is part of a leaf . B. A dehiscence zone that is part of a fruit. C. A leaf apex of a laminar vascular leaf that is slender and coiling. D. A somatic plant embryo grown and maintained in vitro.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf apex tendril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025363 1_1_ftq501hs,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of goal importance'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal of the extent to which something is good or beneficial. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the event or object is not important to the person's goals or needs. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event or object is important to the person's goals or needs. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about the direction and nature of the social attention surrounding an event.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of goal importance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000072 1_1_b1thi747,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'breast'?","A. In anatomy, the throat is the anterior part of the neck, in front of the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. An important feature of the throat is the epiglottis, a flap which separates the esophagus from the trachea and prevents inhalation of food or drink. The throat contains various blood vessels, various pharyngeal muscles, the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus. The hyoid bone and the clavicle are the only bones located in the throat of mammals. It is sometimes considered a synonym for fauces. [WP,unvetted]. B. The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus. C. The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism. D. A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,breast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000310 1_1_9shaj51f,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'submucosa of pylorus'?","A. A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. B. A submucosa that is part of a body of stomach [Automatically generated definition]. C. A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. D. A submucosa that is part of a cardia of stomach [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,submucosa of pylorus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004937 1_1_tpw1aoyf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'scutellum vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a root . B. A portion of endodermis that is part of an plant embryo . C. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a fruit . D. A vascular system that is part of a scutellum .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,scutellum vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008047 1_1_yh406kh5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycosyl compound catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosyl compound. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosyl compound.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,glycosyl compound catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901658 1_1_7rvy02z4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'female-to-male crossplay'?","A. A costumed gender performance which plays with or parodies traditional gender roles, perceptions and issues by intentionally presenting a confusing gender expression. B. Crossplay in which a person who is male dresses as a character who is female. C. A type of cosplay (costume play) in which the person dresses up as a character of a different gender. D. Crossplay in which a person who is female dresses as a character who is male.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,female-to-male crossplay,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010330 1_1_veazflzk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased proportion of CD4-positive T cells'?","A. A reduction in the proportion of CD4-positive T cells relative to the total number of T cells. B. An abnormal proportion of circulating CD4-positive helper T cells relative to total T cell count. C. An elevation in the proportion of CD4-positive T cells relative to the total number of T cells. D. Any abnormality in the proportion of CD4-positive T cells relative to the total number of T cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased proportion of CD4-positive T cells,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032219 1_1_y26swl31,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'subdivision of spinal cord central canal'?","A. The passage in the lower abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord in the male or the round ligament in the female, nerves and vessels pass from the pelvic cavity to the scrotum or labia majora, respectively. B. A subdivision of the central canal of the spinal cord along its anterior-posterior axis. This is typically subdivided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments. C. The vascular structure encircling the anterior chamber of the eye, through which the aqueous humor is returned to the blood circulation. D. The small membranous canal, connecting with both saccule and utricle of the membranous labyrinth, passing through the aqueduct of vestibule, and terminating in the endolymphatic sac.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,subdivision of spinal cord central canal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014538 1_1_hsv6efnm,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'vocal learning'?","A. Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation. B. Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned. C. A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others. D. A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,vocal learning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042297 1_1_rx3n65xd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'monosaccharide derivative'?","A. Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. B. A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide. C. A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose. D. Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,monosaccharide derivative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63367 1_1_77eguaki,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'common variable immunodeficiency 4'?","A. A common variable immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CD81 gene on chromosome 11p. B. A common variable immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CD20 gene (MS4A1) on chromosome 11q13. C. A common variable immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CD19 gene on chromosome 16p11.2. D. A common variable immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BAFFR gene (TNFRSF13C), which encodes the B-cell activating factor receptor, on chromosome 22q13.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,common variable immunodeficiency 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081147 1_1_pewriqhw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mammary gland fluid/secretion'?","A. A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. B. An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. C. A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. D. Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mammary gland fluid/secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006539 1_1_fw4po6fn,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed length'?","A. Duration of seed dormancy. B. Weight of an entire single plant. Includes all developed aboveground, belowground, vegetative, and reproductive organs. C. Assessement of pods weight per unit area or plot. D. Length of a seed measured in its longest dimension with the hylum face up).",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000760 1_1_k019m1m2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'plumbing drain'?","A. A channel of a watercource which has been constructed by humans or their technologies. B. A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. C. An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. D. A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,plumbing drain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000924 1_1_62dk9jrg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(-)-anaferine'?","A. A furanocoumarin that is 2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, methyl groups at positions 2 and 3 (relatively trans configuration) and a 4,8-dimethyl-4(Z),7-nonadien-6-onyl moiety at position 2. Isolated from the roots of Ferula fukanensis, it inhibits production of nitric oxide (NO). B. A member of the class of cyclopentapyridines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and by a (2E)-but-2-en-1-ylidene group at position 5. It is a polyketide natural product found in Streptomyces sp. C. A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group. D. A piperidine alkaloid that is piperidine substituted by a 2-oxo-3-[(2R)-piperidin-2-yl]propyl group at position 2.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(-)-anaferine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75 1_1_84pfnqm8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'exocytosis'?","A. A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. B. The vesicle-mediated and directed movement of substances from plastid to vacuole. C. Vesicle-mediated transport of a neurotransmitter receptor complex from the postsynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic early endosome. D. A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for example of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,exocytosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006887 1_1_9ybins8j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Habenulo-interpeduncular tract'?","A. Discrete temporal embryo between 26-28 days postovulation. B. Tract of diencephalon, each instance of which a bundle of nerve fibers arising in some habenular nuclei and extending rostroventrally to the interpeduncular nucleus to relay fibers to the reticular formation of some mesencephalon. C. Developmental entity which is a 3-D immaterial anatomical entity created during an organism's gestation. D. Tract of diencephalon, each instance of which is a part of some hypothalamicohypophysial tract that arises in the paraventricular nucleus of some hypothalamus; some of the fibers end in some infundibulum and others reach some neurohypophysis (posteriorpituitary), where their neurosecretory material is stored as oxytocin before being released into some systemic circulation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Habenulo-interpeduncular tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72400 1_1_2eolxt6q,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nutricline within a water body'?","A. A nutricline which is part of a water body. B. An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. C. An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. D. Water which is part of a stream.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nutricline within a water body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000260 1_1_ewi3evrh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine sediment'?","A. Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. B. Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. C. Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. D. Sediment which has its porespace filled by water with increased levels of sodium chloride and other salts.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine sediment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000033 1_1_kky3gw01,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling of urge'?","A. An affective process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves a subjective experience of an impulse to engage in a behaviour. C. A subjective affective feeling of not being in control, not being able to gain agency of one's own behavior. D. A subjective affective feeling in an organism S, involving two integrated levels: (a) activation of the nociceptive system and associated emotion generating brain components of S, and (b) a simultaneous aversive sensory and emotional experience on the part of S, where (b) is phenomenologically similar to the sort of aversive experience involved in pain with concordant tissue damage.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling of urge,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000223 1_1_a1ygkdm3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male sex worker'?","A. A gay man who is an immigrant. B. A gay man who is white. C. Gay men employed as sex workers or otherwise engaged in sex work. D. A gay man who lives in an urban environment.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male sex worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007405 1_1_fed3kzsc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'appendage vasculature'?","A. A vasculature that is part of a post-anal tail. B. A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. C. A vasculature that is part of a limb/fin. D. Vascular network that is connected to the yolk sac.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,appendage vasculature,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007304 1_1_g3smn5o5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sigmoid colon'?","A. The part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm. in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity. B. The portion of the colon between the left colic flexure and the sigmoid colon at the pelvic brim; the portion of the descending colon lying in the left iliac fossa is sometimes called the iliac colon. C. The proximal-distal subdivision of colon that runs transversely across the upper part of the abdomen, from the right to the left colic flexure. Continuous with the descending colon[BTO,modified]. D. A section dividing a colon along a proximal-distal axis.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sigmoid colon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001159 1_1_bhpwfkg1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 22'?","A. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by global developmental delay with mildly impaired intellectual development, motor impairment with limited or no ability to walk, and dysarthria that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CLDN11 gene on chromosome 3q26. B. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by ataxia, deafness, liver dysfunction, and dilated cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the RNF220 gene on chromosome 1p34. This disease results in death in the first or second decade of life. C. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of hildhood onset of progressive motor decline manifest as spasticity, ataxia, tremor, and cerebellar signs, as well as mild cognitive regression that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the POLR3A gene on chromosome 10q22. D. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by infant or early childhood onset of delayed motor development and gait instability, followed by extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spastic tetraplegia, ataxia, hypomyelination, cerebellar atrophy, and atrophy or disappearance of the putamen that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TUBB4A gene on chromosome 19p13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 22,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070402 1_1_e0djykau,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor'?","A. Any substance that inhibits protein farnesyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a farnesyl moiety from farnesyl pyrophosphate to a cysteine. Protein farnesyltransferase is involved in Ras-mediated post-translational modification. Inhibition of protein farnesyltransferase may inhibit the oncogenic activity of Ras. B. An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. C. A compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. D. An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the activity of gamma-secretase.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38462 1_1_ndr458t2,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7'?","A. A syndrome that results from mutations in multiple BBS genes affecting cellular cilia structure or function (ciliopathy) resulting in variable presentation and characterized principally by obesity, retinitis pigmentosa,vision loss, polydactyly, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal failure in some cases. B. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BBS1 gene on chromosome 11q13. C. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly, impaired intellectual development, obesity, renal anomalies, and hypogenitalism that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BBS7 gene on chromosome 4q27. D. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the MKS1 gene on chromosome 17q22.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110129 1_1_yqhpxj1p,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarette smoking behaviour'?","A. A tobacco use behaviour that involves setting light to a combustible tobacco product and ingesting the tobacco smoke that is produced. B. A tobacco smoking behaviour that involves setting light to one end of a cigarette, putting the other end to the lips and sucking in order to ingest cigarette smoke. C. Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). D. A cigarette smoking behaviour that involves sucking smoke through the cylinder of a cigarette into the mouth via the other end.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarette smoking behaviour,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_036105 1_1_1vq5ofoq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinal cell cancer'?","A. A retinal cell cancer and malignant neoplasm of retina and neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine tumors that derives_from the tissues of the retina. B. An amino acid metabolic disorder that disrupts normal amino acid metabolism causing a building up of branched-chain amino acids. C. A malignant neoplasm that derives_from the retina. D. A severe combined immunodeficiency characterized by severe combined immunodeficiency, selective CD4 lymphopenia, and lack of CD28 expression on CD8+ T cells that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the LCK gene on chromosome 1p35.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinal cell cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_771 1_1_ijlpdy0m,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'terpene biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,terpene biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046246 1_1_0tu3ta8y,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044480 1_1_lri7oor1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'glutamate catabolic process to propionate'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,glutamate catabolic process to propionate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033509 1_1_7qmrgdvv,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'life, physical, or social science technician, all other'?","A. Conduct tests to determine quality of raw materials, bulk intermediate and finished products. May conduct stability sample tests. B. Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry. C. All life, physical, and social science technicians not listed separately. D. Apply remote sensing technologies to assist scientists in areas such as natural resources, urban planning, or homeland security. May prepare flight plans or sensor configurations for flight trips.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"life, physical, or social science technician, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19409900 1_1_v41sxgfw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaphysis of tibia'?","A. The latissimus dorsi is the larger, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region. [WP,unvetted]. B. The median umbilical ligament is a structure in human anatomy. It is a shrivelled piece of tissue that represents the remnant of the embryonic urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall. It is unpaired. It is covered by the median umbilical fold Lateral to this structure are the medial umbilical ligament (which is a different structure, not to be confused) and the lateral umbilical ligament. C. Swelling on the extensor surface of the proximal compound head of the tibiale and fibulare. D. A diaphysis that is part of a tibia.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,diaphysis of tibia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013280 1_1_h76ewzj4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'blastocyst formation'?","A. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. B. The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula. C. The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,blastocyst formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001825 1_1_7rih4n09,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitotic cell cycle'?","A. Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. B. The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes). C. The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex. D. A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mitotic cell cycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000278 1_1_i5tjaork,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'interpersonal behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species. B. Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. C. Behavior having interpersonal processes as parts, each involving the same instances of human being. D. Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,interpersonal behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000023 1_1_cavwjks3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'compound drepanium inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of indeterminate, first order inflorescence axes and sessile, unisexual flowers that are each subtended by conspicuous inflorescence bracts . B. An inflorescence which at flowering stage , is composed of an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis and dichasial second order inflorescences with pedicellate flowers , and determinate higher order inflorescence axes . C. An inflorescence with both sympodial and monopodial growth habits, which at flowering stage is composed of pedicellate flowers on determinate inflorescence axes , each of which develops at progressively more acute angles from each higher inflorescence axis . D. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of a radially-enlarged inflorescence axis , and sessile flowers on determinate higher order inflorescence axes with basal involucral bracts .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,compound drepanium inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030136 1_1_aiyov2jk,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cochlea'?","A. Physical anatomical entity, each instance of which has mass. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine. B. Subdivision of bony labyrinth, each instance of which is a spiral structure of of some bony labyrinth, the cavity of which contains the organ of Corti. C. Anatomical compartment which is located in head. D. Ligament of talocalcaneal joint, each instance of which is a fibrous band passing from the lateral surface of somee talus to that of somee calcaneus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cochlea,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma60201 1_1_8plnlb7m,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nimodipine'?","A. The reduced form of NADP+; used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent. B. An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline C. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. D. A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nimodipine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7575 1_1_8ev87jrw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive core non tobacco smoker identity'?","A. A non tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity. B. A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups. C. A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as a not being a tobacco smoker. D. A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record).",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,positive core non tobacco smoker identity,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001170 1_1_0ucnkheh,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'urinary tract smooth muscle contraction'?","A. A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry of the large intestine, exclusive of the rectum. The colon is that part of the large intestine that connects the small intestine to the rectum. B. A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract). C. A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry in the intestine between the stomach and the large intestine. D. A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,urinary tract smooth muscle contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0014848 1_1_ay7ctrvl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-hydroxyerucic acid'?","A. An omega-hydroxy fatty acid that is 19-hydroxynonadecanoic acid which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a trans double bond at the 2-3 position. B. An omega-hydroxy fatty acid that is trans-2-hexadecenoic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. C. A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is erucic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. D. An omega-hydroxy fatty acid that is 21-hydroxyhenicosanoic acid that has been dehydrogenated to introduce a trans double bond at the 2-3 position.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-hydroxyerucic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_143027 1_1_cgipub5i,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling exhausted'?","A. Feeling tired to an extremely strong degree. B. The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment. C. A cognitive representation sustained by an organsim about its own emotions. D. A subjective affective feeling of a need for sleep.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling exhausted,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000112 1_1_z6sffoce,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper motor neuron dysfunction'?","A. Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior, by epilepsy, and by secondary musculoskeletal problems. B. A functional anomaly of the upper motor neuron. The upper motor neurons are neurons of the primary motor cortex which project to the brainstem and spinal chord via the corticonuclear, corticobulbar and corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts. They are involved in control of voluntary movements. Dysfunction leads to weakness, impairment of fine motor movements, spasticity, hyperreflexia and abnormal pyramidal signs. C. Involuntary contractions of the neck musculature resulting in an abnormal posture of or abnormal movements of the head. D. An anomaly of the control or production of movement in the central nervous system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Upper motor neuron dysfunction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002493 1_1_erlrl6u0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'squamous epithelium'?","A. Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. B. Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. C. Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. D. An epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting of squamous epithelial cells.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,squamous epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006914 1_1_v1a3czgh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'frequency'?","A. The rate of recurrence of any periodic phenomenon, often associated with waves of all kinds. Without qualification frequency often means temporal frequency, the rate of recurrence of a time-varying function, but could mean spatial frequency, the rate of recurrence of a space-varying function. Spatial frequency is the reciprocal of the repeat distance (sometimes the wavelength). The dimensions of (temporal) frequency are inverse time. A common unit for frequency is cycle per second, formerly abbreviated cps, but superseded by hertz, abbreviated as Hz. B. The rate of change with time of the velocity vector of a particle. C. The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. D. The vertically averaged vorticity of a layer divided by layer thickness.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,frequency,http://sweetontology.net/propTimeFrequency/Frequency 1_1_5au4o2ra,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'low tide zone'?","A. A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. B. The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. C. The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. D. The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,low tide zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000319 1_1_5701yqd4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'former substance user'?","A. A person who has never smoked tobacco. B. A person who was a cigarette smoker in the past but is not currently a cigarette smoker. C. A person living with HIV. D. A person who was a substance in the past but is not currently a substance user.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,former substance user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000776 1_1_iqi61n8e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp6S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc'?","A. A branched amino oligosaccharide that is a dodecasaccharide derivative comprising a linear trisaccharide of beta-D-mannose and two N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues all linked in sequence (1->4), to the reducing-end N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residue of which is linked (1->6) an alpha-L-fucosyl residue, while to the beta-D-mannose residue are linked two N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl tetrasaccharide units via (1->3) and (1->6) linkages. B. A branched amino hexasaccharide that is beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 of the mannosyl residue have been glycosylated by beta-D-xylopyranosyl and alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues respectively, while the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end carries also an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached via a (1->3)-linkage. C. A linear amino trisaccharide consisting of an alpha-sialyl residue linked (2->3) to an O-6-sulfated beta-D-galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residue at the reducing end. D. A linear amino tetrasaccharide consisting of N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl, beta-D-galactosyl, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues linked sequentially (2->3), (1->4) and (1->6).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp6S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72543 1_1_h3jpkkcu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bacteria pustule'?","A. Damage caused by bacteria pustule B. Infestation by Brown blotch C. Infestation by diabrotica D. Number of plants infected by Alectra",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Bacteria pustule,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000338 1_1_h55zt3sl,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'guilt'?","A. A negative emotion accompanying uncertainty about a judgement or decision. B. A negative emotion aroused when a person feels threatened by a rival in his or her relationship with another individual, in particular an intimate partner. Involves feelings of threat, fear, suspicion, distrust, anxiety, anger, betrayal, and rejection. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative self-evaluative emotion that occurs when a person brings about a negative outcome by acts of commission or omission that violate internal or external moral standards. D. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,guilt,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000053 1_1_xuxxsnbh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Computation - Survival index method'?","A. Compute the adjusted yield of vines per net plot using the formula B. Compute the glucose content of the raw storage root in percentage using the formula C. Compute the survival index at harvest per net plot using the formula D. Computation of the biomass yield adjusted within net plot using the formula",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Computation - Survival index method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000299 1_1_7vk0te96,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate'?","A. An N-acyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate that is the N-acetyl derivative of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. It is a component of the aminosugar metabolism. B. A phospholipid that is a component of the plasma membrane with signal transduction inducing activity. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an intermediate that can be converted into either the second messenger signaling molecules, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), or phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3; PIP3). Both PIP2 and PIP3 can act as docking phospholipids, which recruit signaling proteins to the plasma membrane and promotes the activation of several signaling cascades. C. A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. D. A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15784 1_1_v18y7kx6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular endosperm'?","A. A portion of endosperm tissue in which the first karyokinetic event is accompanied by the formation of a horizontal wall which divides the embryo sac central cell into unequal regions. The larger one is the micropylar chamber in which cytokinesis does not occur and the smaller one is the chalazal chamber. B. A portion of plant tissue which is a maximal portion of nutritive plant tissue in a seed . C. A portion of endosperm tissue in which at least the first karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis. D. A portion of endosperm in which the first karyokinesis event is accompanied by cytokinesis.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cellular endosperm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000199 1_1_sf9joksb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'industrial truck or tractor operator'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend machines that extrude and form continuous filaments from synthetic materials, such as liquid polymer, rayon, and fiberglass. B. Sew, join, reinforce, or finish, usually with needle and thread, a variety of manufactured items. Includes weavers and stitchers. C. Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials around a warehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site, or similar location. D. Operate machines to build tires.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,industrial truck or tractor operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53705100 1_1_ngz7nulz,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'antidepressant drug'?","A. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce depression. B. A chemical substance that has a disposition to alter the mental functioning of a person. C. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce anxiety. D. A psychoactive substance which is consumed for non-medical purposes and usually sold illegally.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,antidepressant drug,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000528 1_1_ztz6drm1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry herb tabletop vaporiser'?","A. A central nervous system depressant that has the application of sedative effects. B. A tabletop vaporiser that is designed to vape oil based cannabis products. C. A cannabis vaping device which is large, usually mains powered and intended for use in one location. D. A tabletop vaporiser that is designed to vape cannabis flower or herbs",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dry herb tabletop vaporiser,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000858 1_1_gxh37fz3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cotyledon adaxial epidermis'?","A. OBSOLETE B. A portion of leaf epidermis which is the abaxial/lower epidermis of the cotyledon . C. A portion of leaf epidermis which is the adaxial/upper epidermis of the cotyledon . D. A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a cotyledon .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cotyledon adaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006058 1_1_pose1ney,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GNU LGPL v2.1'?","A. The Artistic License v 2.0 is a free software license by the definition of the GNU Project and compatible with the GPL thanks to the relicensing option in section 4(c)(ii) (as compared with the Artistic License 1.0). B. This is the previous version of the LGPL: a free software license, but not a strong copyleft license, because it permits linking with nonfree modules. It is compatible with GPLv2 and GPLv3. We generally recommend the latest version of the LGPL, for special circumstances only. C. CC BY 2.1 JP is a Japan-specific non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. D. CC0 is a public domain dedication from Creative Commons. A work released under CC0 is dedicated to the public domain to the fullest extent permitted by law. If that is not possible for any reason, CC0 also provides a lax, permissive license as a fallback. Both public domain works and the lax license provided by CC0 are compatible with the GNU GPL.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GNU LGPL v2.1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000071 1_1_8qajyu5p,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal epithelial cell development. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of trophoblast cell migration.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090191 1_1_e0u0ob2e,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dissolution'?","A. This class comprises events that end the existence of any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. In cases where substance from an instance of E77 Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented as instances of E81 Transformation.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing, such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation. Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction can be documented by classifying the event as both an instance of E6 Destruction and of E7 Activity. The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed, or modified is context-sensitive: 1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as an instance of E6 Destruction. 2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not. 3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as an instance of E11 Modification.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the deaths of human beings. If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented as instances of E64 End of Existence.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an instance of E74 Group. If the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an instance of E7 Activity.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E68 Dissolution,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E68_Dissolution 1_1_n6aicu51,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bract tip'?","A. A phyllome tip that is part of a bract apex. B. A phyllome tip that is part of a petal apex. C. The apical most portion of a phyllome apex. D. A phyllome tip that is part of a leaf apex .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bract tip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025156 1_1_oc4wafo8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'thunderstorm outflow'?","A. (Also spelled narbon?.) In France, a wind coming from Narbonne; a north wind in the Roussillon region of southern France resembling the tramontana. If associated with an influx of arctic air, it may be very stormy with heavy falls of rain or snow. It is especially violent in the region of Perpignan where it blows in a succession of squalls for several days. In Provence it is rarer and blows from the west. In lower Languedoc and the southern C?vennes, the narbonnais is an infrequent, mild, moist, moderate southwest wind in winter and early spring, sometimes bringing thunderstorms. B. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. C. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. D. A moderate to strong southwest wind in Provence (southeastern France), mild, humid, and very cloudy or rainy. On the coast it raises a rough sea. It is not frequent, occurring only in March. In the Swiss? French Alps it is locally termed labech, and is squally with thunder, hail, and brief torrential downpours; it comes mainly in autumn and winter.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,thunderstorm outflow,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/ThunderstormOutflow 1_1_41xvravg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxia or hypercapnia'?","A. a condition that results in the inability to effectively exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen, and induces chronically low oxygen levels or chronically high carbon dioxide levels, unspecified which B. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. C. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute) D. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute); can be with hypoxia (too little oxygen) or hypercapnia (too much CO2, normal/low oxygen)",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"chronic respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxia or hypercapnia",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000602 1_1_15c4ddpf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'floating clast'?","A. A thin sheet compositionally distinct from the surrounding material, related to primary genesis of rock, e.g. sedimentary layers, metamorphic segregation. B. Constituent is a clast that has no visible contacts with other clasts. Interpreted to be largely or completly immersed in matrix or cement. C. Constituent occurs in a structural configuration integral to the rock, such as layering, veinlets, overgrowths. The 'material' composition of these parts will often be other rock materials, not minerals, and 'ParticleGeometryDescription' associated with these describes the geometry of the constituent, not the particles the it is made of. These roles are mostly useful for RockMaterial descriptions that apply to individual samples, because their distribution is unlikely to be pervasive enought to be considered characteristic of a large mass of material. D. Constituent crystallized in crystallographic continuity with some other mineral constituent, typically quartz or calcite. In a clastic rock, commonly forms cement as well, but this should be represented using two role attribute links, 'overgrowth' and cement, because overgrowth does not necessarily imply cement.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,floating clast,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/FloatingClast 1_1_pzam598c,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cell body'?","A. Cell segment which has as its direct parts segments of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane protruding from the cell body. Examples: cilium, microvillus, neurite. B. Cell segment which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. C. Cell region demarcated by one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: cell body of neuron, flagellum, nerve fiber. D. Cell body which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus of the neuron.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cell body,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67301 1_1_r6ufhgby,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Paradoxical myotonia'?","A. Slowed relaxation of muscles in the leg. B. Slowed relaxation of muscles in the arm. C. A type of myotonia that worsens with repeated muscle contractions. D. Myotonia that occurs after a period of rest and decreases with continuing exercise.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Paradoxical myotonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011809 1_1_0o8zour5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'naringenin 2-hydroxylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: castasterone + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = brassinolide + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. Broad specificity for several brassinosteroids, including castasterone, teasterone, and typhasterol. B. Catalysis of the reaction: O2 + peregrinol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + labd-13Z-ene-9,15,16-triol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. C. Catalysis of the reaction: indole + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + indolin-2-one + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. D. Catalysis of the reaction:(2S)-naringenin + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = (2S)-2-hydroxynaringenin + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase].",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,naringenin 2-hydroxylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102469 1_1_lz14kcxu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'banks of superior temporal sulcus'?","A. An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a anal canal. B. An anatomical cavity that surrounded_by a lymphatic vessel. C. An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. D. Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the superior temporal gyrus and the caudal boundary the middle temporal gyrus. Within the FreeSurfer definition, this reflects primarily the posterior aspect of the superior temporal sulcus (Christine Fennema-Notestine).",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,banks of superior temporal sulcus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0028622 1_1_mrnrvr0u,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Y-linked deafness 1'?","A. A nonsyndromic deafness characterized by a Y-lnked inheritance mode. B. A Y-linked deafness characterized by male-limited postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing loss of variable severity, with onset in the first to third decades of life. C. A Y-linked deafness characterized by male-limited bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss of variable severity, with onset in the third to fifth decades of life that has_material_basis_in mutation in the TBL1Y gene on chromosome Yp11.2. D. An urogenital tuberculosis that is located_in urinary bladder, which results in fibrosis of bladder wall muscles.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Y-linked deafness 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111759 1_1_ske5gq2c,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 66'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in linkage to a 4.4-Mb region on chromosome 6q between SNPs rs6935718 and rs388609. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by global developmental delay with variably impaired cognitive development apparent from infancy and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CEP104 gene on chromosome 1p36. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the ANK3 gene on chromosome 10q21. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by delayed speech development, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and relatively normal life span and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the C12ORF4 gene on chromosome 12p13.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 66,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081227 1_1_5t4mwf8q,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ambulance driver or attendant, except emergency medical technician'?","A. Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering. B. Assemble or modify electromechanical equipment or devices, such as servomechanisms, gyros, dynamometers, magnetic drums, tape drives, brakes, control linkage, actuators, and appliances. C. Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against players' hands. D. Drive ambulance or assist ambulance driver in transporting sick, injured, or convalescent persons. Assist in lifting patients.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"ambulance driver or attendant, except emergency medical technician",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53301100 1_1_ovf9yw33,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'floral organ'?","A. A lateral plant organ produced by a shoot apical meristem . B. An axial plant organ . C. A plant organ in which plant spores are produced. D. A plant organ that is part of a flower .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,floral organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025395 1_1_x16rqote,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Age-related posterior subcapsular cataract'?","A. A type of age-related cataract that primarily affects the cortex of the lens. B. A type of age-related cataract consisting of granular opacities occurring mainly in the central posterior cortex just under the posterior capsule. C. A type of cataract (opacification of the lens) that forms during the course of aging. D. A type of age-related cataract that primarily affects the nucleus of the lens.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Age-related posterior subcapsular cataract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011144 1_1_9q5zfrbs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'autophagia'?","A. The compulsive eating of hair associated with trichotillomania (hair pulling). In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme cases this can lead to a hair ball (trichobezoar). B. A psychological disorder characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive. C. A relationship process in which one builds trust and accountability with members of a marginalized group or groups. D. A form of pica in which a part bites, eats, or attempts to eat parts of one's own body.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,autophagia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009205 1_1_sl64kcdg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ternstroside D'?","A. An anthocyanin cation that is delphinidin substituted at position 3 by a 6-O-(cis-4 coumaryl)-beta-D-glucosyl residue B. A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having beta-D-glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil (base J) as the nucleobase. C. A beta-D-glucoside with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy residue at the anomeric position and a [(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]oxy residue at position 6. Isolated from Ternstroemia japonica, it exhibits antioxidant activity. D. A member of the class of catechols that is catechol in which a hydrogen that is ortho to one of the hydroxy groups has been replaced by a methoxy group. It displays agonistic activity against G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ternstroside D,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66206 1_1_atcveqg1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GLAD'?","A. affxparser is a package for parsing Affymetrix files (CDF, CEL, CHP, BPMAP, BAR). It provides methods for fast and memory efficient parsing of Affymetrix files using the Affymetrix' Fusion SDK. B. Base classes, functions, and methods for representation of high-throughput, short-read sequencing data. C. 50-50 Manova is software in which the 50-50 MANOVA algorithm is implemented. D. Analysis of array CGH data : detection of breakpoints in genomic profiles and assignment of a status (gain, normal or lost) to each chromosomal regions identified.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GLAD,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000164 1_1_o0lsw5x7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-indol-3-yl-glucoside'?","A. A trisaccharide derivative consisting of an alpha-D-glucosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-2 a beta-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl disaccharide unit. B. This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. C. A member of the class of flavans having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions. D. A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-indol-3-yl-glucoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_143543 1_1_y5iml8vv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Blotches colour at the petiole base'?","A. Shape of a fruit (finger) in the middle of the bunch **subsume B. Colour of pigmentation on outer surface of cigar leaf on a developed sucker C. Number of fruits on the mid-hand of the bunch **subsume D. Colour of the blotches on the upper leaf sheath of the petiole base.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Blotches colour at the petiole base,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000430 1_1_6f10w5c3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'inequality'?","A. A quality inhering in an e-cigarette atomiser. B. A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute. C. Inequality in health and access to healthcare. D. A quality which inheres in a continuant.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,inequality,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001176 1_1_dfw9wxof,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'merry mood'?","A. A mood process that is a general feeling of annoyance and gives rise to a heightened disposition to anger and other negatively valenced emotions. B. A mood process that is a general feeling of being down, having a negative outlook and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience negatively valenced emotions. C. A mood process is a mental process that involves affect (is valenced), and gives rise to a number of behavioural dispositions, but unlike an emotion has no object. Moods are usually longer-lived than emotion processes, but there are exceptions. D. A mood process that is a general feeling of enjoyment and festivity and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience happiness, joy and other positively valenced emotions.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,merry mood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000201 1_1_0py2opxq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage'?","A. The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis. B. The menstrual cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the antral spaces stage of oogenesis. C. The ovulation cycle process in which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed as part of the fused antrum stage of oogenesis. D. The menstrual cycle process that results in the formation of one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells during the various stages of oogenesis.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum involved in fused antrum stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003003 1_1_9qku1kod,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'high nicotine concentration e-liquid'?","A. A facility to assist in physical or addiction recovery B. A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. C. An e-liquid that includes nicotine. D. A nicotine-containing e-liquid in which the e-liquid nicotine concentration is high.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,high nicotine concentration e-liquid,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000247 1_1_whcn16uq,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'vasculature of brain'?","A. A vasculature that is part of a organ. B. An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. C. Vasculature that is part of the eye region. D. System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,vasculature of brain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008998 1_1_o0wgbs79,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'debris flow'?","A. A turbulent mixture of gas and rock fragments, most of which are ash-sized particles, ejected violently from a crater or fissure. The mass of pyroclastics is normally of very high temperature and moves rapidly down the slopes or even along a level surface. B. A mixture of water-saturated rock debris that flows downslope under the force of gravity (also called lahar or mudflow). C. Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [Wikipedia] D. In volcanology, particles that came out of a volcanic vent, traveled through the air or under water, and fell back on the ground surface or on the ocean floor. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,debris flow,http://sweetontology.net/matrSediment/DebrisFlow 1_1_6hh8v0f9,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'infection'?","A. A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population. B. An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism. C. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. D. An infection resulting from a transmission process that unfolds in a hospital.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000586 1_1_0obeeqg2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mature leaf: size of teeth in relation to blade size'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Mature leaf: size of teeth in relation to blade size,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000090 1_1_nabz8uyj,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'intracratonic basin'?","A. Intracratonic basins are formed by fluvial sedimentation of an intracratonic area which has undergone sediment sag-loading. [Wikipedia] B. Successor basins arise from shifting and merging of fore arc, back-arc and intra-arc basins. Basins or sequences that overlap terrane boundaries. [Wikipedia] C. A forearc is a depression (basin) in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] D. Peripheral (Pro) foreland basins occur on the plate that is subducted or underthrust during plate collision (i.e. the outer arc of the orogen).",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,intracratonic basin,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolBasin/IntracratonicBasin 1_1_7gf7iiai,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Surface of organ region'?","A. Anatomical surface, which is the internal or external surface of an organ. Examples: surface of heart, internal surface of stomach, surface of skin. B. Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of the whole body. Examples: There is only one body surface. C. Anatomical surface, which is the external surface of a subdivision of a solid organ or the external or internal surface of a subdivision of a cavitated organ. Examples: surface of cervical part of esophagus, surface of body of vertebra, internal surface of fundus of stomach. D. Anatomical surface, which is the surface of the plasma membrane.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Surface of organ region,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45688 1_1_89vbv9d1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dorsal tooth row'?","A. Tooth row that is the ventralmost row of teeth on ceratobranchial 5 bone. B. Tooth row that is on the maxilla. C. An anatomical row consisting of adjacent cheek teeth. D. Tooth row that is the dorsalmost row of teeth on ceratobranchial 5 bone.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dorsal tooth row,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001140 1_1_momsiqwc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic cough'?","A. A cough that lasts for at least eight weeks. Usually just a minor annoyance B. seeing things that aren't there C. A sudden movement downward (fall), usually resulting in injury. D. physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic cough,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000530 1_1_datc14q8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'people-first language'?","A. A language produced by articulate sounds, as opposed to a written language. B. A genderless language is a natural or constructed language that has no distinctions of grammatical gender—that is, no categories requiring morphological agreement between nouns and associated pronouns, adjectives, articles, or verbs. C. A type of linguistic prescription which intends to prioritize identity, usually by having an aspect of one's identity come before a general term (such as person, man, or woman). For instance, using ""autistic person"" rather than ""person with autism"". D. A type of linguistic prescription which intends to emphasize personhood above a particular characteristic or diagnosis, describing what a person ""has"" rather than asserting what a person ""is"".",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,people-first language,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009312 1_1_4053s08e,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to nitrogen levels'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen. B. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to nitrogen levels,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043562 1_1_7swf4vv9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'probation officers or correctional treatment specialist'?","A. Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data. B. Apply knowledge of health and disease causes to evaluate new laboratory techniques and procedures to examine tissue samples. Process and prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May solve technical or instrument problems or assist with research studies. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate human resources activities and staff of an organization. D. Provide social services to assist in rehabilitation of law offenders in custody or on probation or parole. Make recommendations for actions involving formulation of rehabilitation plan and treatment of offender, including conditional release and education and employment stipulations.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,probation officers or correctional treatment specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21109200 1_1_uzv6vq2m,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Show'?","A. A show - a musical event lasting several days, in a particular venue. Examples can be ""The Magic Flute"" at the Opera Bastille, August 2005, or a musical in the west end... B. Transcription event C. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance. D. A festival - musical/artistic event lasting several days, like Glastonbury, Rock Am Ring... We migth decompose this event (which is in fact just a classification of the space/time region related to a particular festival) using hasSubEvent in several performances at different space/time.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Show,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Show 1_1_601mqax5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'macrofossil'?","A. Macrofossils are preserved organic remains large enough to be visible without a microscope. [Wikipedia] B. Fossils which are of microscopic size such as bacteria. [Wikipedia] C. Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. D. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. Fossils vary in size from microscopic, such as single bacterial cells [2] only one micrometer in diameter, to gigantic (macroscopic), such as dinosaurs and trees many meters long and weighing many tons. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,macrofossil,http://sweetontology.net/matrRock/Macrofossil 1_1_mv6awa4r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'small intestine'?","A. Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. B. Any gland that is part of the digestive system. C. Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). D. Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong].",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,small intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002108 1_1_d0g2u18i,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement the starch content- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method of the boiled storage root in fresh weight'?","A. Measure the calcium concentration in fresh weight basis and record it B. Measure the beta-carotene concentration of the boiled storage root in dry weight basis and record it C. Measure the starch content of the boiled storage root in fresh weight and record it D. Measure the iron concentration in dry weight basis and record it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Measurement the starch content- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method of the boiled storage root in fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0002088 1_1_5bqfo2jv,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chief executive'?","A. Collaborate with field and biology staff to oversee the implementation of restoration projects and to develop new products. Process and synthesize complex scientific data into practical strategies for restoration, monitoring or management. B. Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers. C. Teach courses in health specialties, in fields such as dentistry, laboratory technology, medicine, pharmacy, public health, therapy, and veterinary medicine. D. Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,chief executive,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11101100 1_1_lk7yhjyq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21'?","A. A combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency characterized by infantile onset, lactic acidemia, hypotonia, respiratory chain complex II and III deficiency, and multisystem organ failure that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the NFS1 gene on chromosome 20q11. B. A combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency characterized by axial hypotonia, limb hypertonia, psychomotor delay, and hyperlactatemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TARS2 gene on chromosome 1q21.2. C. A combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the C1QBP gene on chromosome 17p13.2. D. A combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency characterized by onset in infancy of delayed psychomotor development and developmental regression that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MRPS34 gene on chromosome 16p13.3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111465 1_1_omt5hl5j,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to L-thialysine'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a polyamine macromolecule stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 4'-epidoxorubicin stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a L-thialysine stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,response to L-thialysine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901345 1_1_g70va4gv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Regular intercellular matrix'?","A. Body substance which has as its parts ground substance and connective tissue fibers. B. Portion of extracellular matrix which has as its parts collagenous fibers, ground substance, and inorganic salts. C. Regular intercellular matrix D. Segment of forearm between elbow and wrist.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Regular intercellular matrix,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72440 1_1_8rfi7ute,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed iron content measurement'?","A. Description: Measure the spines on a legume fruit. Materials: digital calipers; Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. Observe a fruit(s) according to your sampling protocol. 2. For each spine on a fruit, measure the length of the spine from the base of the spine to the tip using digital calipers. Note: B. Description: Measure the amount of phytic acid in a seed sample Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See full protocol at AACC 40-70.01 C. Description: Measure the iron content in a sample of seeds Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See full protocol at AACC 40-70.01 D. Description: Determination of total starch by amyloglucosidase/alpha-amylase method Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See full protocol at AOAC 996.11",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed iron content measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0002061 1_1_j30qwy5k,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal knee morphology'?","A. A fluid-filled mass that is a distention of a preexisting bursa in the popliteal fossa, most commonly the gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa. This bursa is unique in that it communicates with the knee joint, unlike other periarticular bursae, via an opening in the joint capsule posterior to the medial femoral condyle. B. A structural abnormality of the knee joint or surrounding structures. C. A positional abnormality marked by outward bowing of the legs in which the knees stay wide apart when a person stands with the feet and ankles together. D. Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the knee joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal knee morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034669 1_1_io7qan83,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sebaceous gland placode'?","A. Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.[FMA]. B. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. C. A sebaceous gland placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the sebaceous gland bud[GO]. D. Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993).",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sebaceous gland placode,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005088 1_1_ytqj2pm3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Positive brain-tissue rabies nucleic acid test'?","A. Demonstration of fungi growing on hair by a method such as microscopy of hairs mounted on slides with 10% potassium hydroxide. B. Detection of rabies nucleic acid in brain tissue by a method such as polymerase chain reaction. C. Any kind of test for an infectious agent in the oropharynx positive. The oropharynx is defined as the middle part of the throat and includes the soft palate, the side and back walls of the throat, the tonsils, and the posterior one-third of the tongue. D. Demonstration of the presence of cytomegalovirus in the stomach by means of a method such as in-situ hybridization.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Positive brain-tissue rabies nucleic acid test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000961 1_1_61f8xe7z,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fiat object part'?","A. (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested B. (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part C. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'. D. (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces",D,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,fiat object part,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000024 1_1_e41qjusa,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence initiation stage'?","A. A reproductive shoot system development stage that has as primary participant a inflorescence . B. Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of two, often equal-sized, inflorescence meristems from one inflorescence meristem. C. Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of the inflorescence meristem on a vegetative branch. D. A central root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence initiation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0021004 1_1_sx3xucn4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'thiosulfonate ester'?","A. A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-cyano-5-(pentafluoro-lambda(6)-sulfanyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2,4-dimethyl-5-[6-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazol-1-yl]aniline. It is a potent TIE-2 inhibitor (Kd = 1.6 nM) which displays in vivo efficacy in some murine glioma models. B. A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol. C. A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives. D. An organosulfur compound with the formula RSO2SR.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,thiosulfonate ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75521 1_1_zfst6vz1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'stan culture'?","A. A community of Twitter (or, more generally, internet) users that post opinions related to music, celebrities, TV shows, movies and social media. B. A worldwide community of fans of anime and manga. Anime includes animated series, films and videos, while manga includes manga, graphic novels, drawings and related artwork. They have their origin in Japanese entertainment, but the style and culture has spread worldwide since its introduction into the Europe and the Americas in the 1990s. C. A loose subculture of internet humor dedicated to publication of humorous material on Twitter that is disorganized and hard to explain. Related to anti-humor and created primarily by Twitter users who are not professional humorists, Weird Twitter-style jokes may be presented as disorganized thoughts, rather than in a conventional joke format or punctuated sentence structure. Related accounts include originators such as dril and, more tangentially, authors such as poet Patricia Lockwood. D. A subculture interested in any of various sports or sporting events, teams, players, coaches, or other individuals involved in the sport or sports.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,stan culture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007629 1_1_b6hk74ff,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'quality of life'?","A. A personal attribute that is a person's ability to carry out activities needed to thrive and their mental well-being. B. A personal attribute of a tobacco smoker that is how much of the person's tobacco smoking takes places in the presence of other people who are smoking. C. Attempting individual behaviour pattern cessation where the behaviour pattern is cigarette smoking. D. A personal attribute that in which the person is putting into effect an intention to achieve cessation of a behaviour pattern.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,quality of life,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000397 1_1_utdc33tl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid'?","A. An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid substituted at position 3 by a methyl group. B. An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid substituted by two methyl groups at positions 2 and 2 respectively. C. An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is nonane with two carboxylic acid groups at positions C-1 and C-9. D. A alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is azelaic acid substituted by amino groups at positions 2 and 6.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86537 1_1_p1cdc28c,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nest of termite'?","A. A termite nest that is underground, often connected to food sources through a network of tunnels. B. An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). C. An animal habitation that is assembled by a wasp. These may be in the ground, in wall cavities, or in sheltered areas. D. An animal habitation that is assembled by colonies of organisms in the clade Anthophila (bees). Each nest is composed of multiple honeycombs, constructed using beeswax for the purposes of rearing young and storing honey and pollen.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nest of termite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_2000006 1_1_8pi47z4e,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'striated muscle tissue of prostate'?","A. Muscle tissue that consists primarily of skeletal muscle fibers. B. A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a deltoid [Automatically generated definition]. C. A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. D. A portion of striated muscle tissue that is part of a prostate gland [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,striated muscle tissue of prostate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004520 1_1_rpays77l,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gene expression data'?","A. Biological or biomedical data has been rendered into an image, typically for display on screen. B. Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term C. Image, hybridisation or some other data arising from a study of gene expression, typically profiling or quantification. D. Affymetrix-compliant data is data produced in a format compatible with Affymetrix software. This is a defined class where other data classes will be inferred to be members if they have a data format specification which has been published by Affymetrix.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Gene expression data,http://edamontology.org/data_2603 1_1_8mdotfb5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Obtuse angle of mandible'?","A. Abnormal thickening of the cortex of the mandible. B. Absence or underdevelopment of the mandible. C. Abnormally flat (obtuse) angle of the mandible. The angle of the mandibular, located at the junction between the body and the ramus of the mandible, is normally close to being a right angle. This terms describes an abnormal increase of this angle such that the mandible appears flatter than normal. D. Osteomyelitis of the lower jaw.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Obtuse angle of mandible,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005446 1_1_egwhik57,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'inhaled nicotine-containing product'?","A. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to be attached to the skin so that nicotine can be absorbed through the skin. B. A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking. C. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to draw a nicotine-containing vapour into the respiratory tract so that nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of this tract. D. A nicotine-containing product that is a licensed drug",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,inhaled nicotine-containing product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001204 1_1_fm1sulcf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'coelomocyte'?","A. A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. B. A free floating cell, including amebocytes and eleocytes, in the coelom of certain animals, especially annelids. C. A large binucleate cell that forms a 'garland' around the anterior end of the proventriculus (cardia) at its junction with the esophagus in both adults and larvae flies. Each cell is surrounded by a basement membrane and there are numerous micro-invaginations (lacunae) extending from the surface into the cytoplasm. At the mouth of each lacuna is a doubled filament forming a specialised filtration system (diaphragm). The filtrate is endocytosed from the lacunae. D. A phagocyte from organisms in the Nematoda or Protostomia clades.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,coelomocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000421 1_1_vnm2qbga,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Percent of flowers which have died due to disease'?","A. Visual observation of insect presence of blueberry maggot B. Characteristic of fruit when bite into C. Percent of dead flowers D. Visual rating of fruit yield",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Percent of flowers which have died due to disease,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000424 1_1_b7zcnsvj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intestinal pseudo-obstruction'?","A. An intestinal pseudo-obstruction that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. B. A colonic disease that is characterized by bowel obstruction resulting from impairment of the muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. C. A colonic disease that is characterized by an abnormal dilation of the colon. D. An intestinal pseudo-obstruction that has_material_basis_in mutations in the FLNA gene on chromosome Xq28.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,intestinal pseudo-obstruction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080072 1_1_ky83uezb,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Brodmann area'?","A. Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. B. a part or parts of the hippocampus that have a particular function C. A segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of cytoarchitecture as described in Brodmann-1905, Brodmann-1909 and Brodmann-10. Maps for several species were presented. NeuroNames includes only areas in the human and in Old World monkeys. Of the latter, Brodmann studied representatives of several species including guenons (one Cercopithecus mona, one Cercocebus torquatus, and one Cercopithecus otherwise unspecified), which are all closely related African species, and one macaque (Macaca mulatta) an Asian species (Brodmann-1905). The legend to the summary map in Brodmann-1909 ascribes the areas simply to Cercopithecus. Brodmann referenced the areas by name and number. The same area number in humans and monkeys did not necessarily refer to topologically or cytoarchitecturally homologous structures. In NeuroNames the standard term for human areas consists of the English translation of Brodmann's Latin name followed by the number he assigned, e.g., agranular frontal area 6; the standard terms for monkey areas are in the format: area 6 of Brodmann-1909. He mapped a portion of areas limited to the banks of sulci, e.g., area 3 of Brodmann-1909 (Brodmann-1909) onto the adjacent, visible surface. This accounts for the fact that some areas appear larger on his surface map than on maps of other authors, e.g., area 3 of Vogts-1919. (Adapted from NeuroNames) D. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Brodmann area,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013529 1_1_7p031wgu,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Treaty'?","A. a code outlining the responsibilities of or best practice for an individual or organisation, such as a set of principles of good corporate behaviour adopted by a business\ B. An agreement entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. C. A treaty is a binding agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. Treaties are called by several names: treaties, international agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, exchanges of letters, exchanges of notes, etc. D. A legal code bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legislative body. It cannot bear expressions which are not uttered by a legislative body.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Treaty,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Treaty 1_1_66dosbfg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-apiofuranose'?","A. A compound in which monosaccharide units are joined by glycosidic linkages. The term is commonly used to refer to a defined structure as opposed to a polymer of unspecified length or a homologous mixture. When the linkages are of other types the compounds are regarded as oligosaccharide analogues. B. The furanose form of D-apiose. C. Parent monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H or polyhydroxy ketones H-[CHOH]n-C(=O)[CHOH]m-H with three or more carbon atoms. The generic term 'monosaccharide' (as opposed to oligosaccharide or polysaccharide) denotes a single unit, without glycosidic connection to other such units. It includes aldoses, dialdoses, aldoketoses, ketoses and diketoses, as well as deoxy sugars, provided that the parent compound has a (potential) carbonyl group. D. Any sugar having a hydroxy group replaced with a hydrogen atom.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-apiofuranose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141215 1_1_mpm06jpd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ROC'?","A. This package provides easy, fast functions for the extraction and annotation of individual probes from Affymetrix tiling arrays. B. utilities for ROC, with uarray focus C. This package can be used to classify microarray data using one of three penalized regression methods; partial least squares, principal components regression, or ridge regression. D. Some basic functions for plotting genetic data",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ROC,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000348 1_1_zv944lcc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'north'?","A. South is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. South is the polar opposite of north and is perpendicular to east and west. B. West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east. C. North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. D. East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,north,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0045091 1_1_uyq5yorw,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Communicated_Attitude'?","A. A communictated attitude is a propositional attitude involved in an act of communication. B. Not to be confused with the actual writing/document itself, which is the medium of the statement. C. The assertion is subject to a fit between words and world, in Searle's terms. It's propositional content can be true of false. If it is inconsistent with other assertions, beliefs, observations, it may come to be considered false. D. Intention is where the agent expects certain consequences of his or her actions and desires those consequences to occur. This concept must be related to qualification and preference in some way.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Communicated_Attitude,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Communicated_Attitude 1_1_rvk6v0qd,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'thermosensory behavior'?","A. Behavior by which an organism locates food. B. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature. C. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. D. The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,thermosensory behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040040 1_1_oymxsske,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'psoriasis 3'?","A. A psoriasis that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 20q13 that includes RNF114. B. A psoriasis that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 1p that includes IL23R. C. A psoriasis that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 4q. D. A psoriasis that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 18p11.23.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,psoriasis 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111283 1_1_kktmxieb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'cartilaginous joint suture'?","A. A suture between the orbital surface of the body of the maxilla with the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone. B. The dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the tetrapod parietal bones. C. The Sphenozygomatic suture is the cranial suture between the sphenoid bone and the zygomatic bone. D. A cranial suture that is part of a cartilaginous joint [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,cartilaginous joint suture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004273 1_1_3jyzog55,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'action specification'?","A. A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. B. Generalization specification of a directive informational entity class that specifies the type of generalization. It includes information about the types of data used to produced the generalization and the language in which the generalization is expressed. C. A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm. D. A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts that, when concretized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,action specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000007 1_1_3li2gyeu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'musical theatre'?","A. A theatrical genre involving elements derived from Victorian burlesque, music hall and minstrel shows. B. A form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. C. A form of theatrical entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. It is mainly distinguished by the performance venue, which might be a pub, a casino, a hotel, a restaurant, or a nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, does not typically dance but usually sits at tables. Performances are usually introduced by a master of ceremonies or MC. The entertainment, as done by an ensemble of actors and according to its European origins, is often (but not always) oriented towards adult audiences and of a clearly underground nature. In the United States striptease, burlesque, drag shows, or a solo vocalist with a pianist, as well as the venues which offer this entertainment, are often advertised as cabarets. D. A collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,musical theatre,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004312 1_1_cmkhc4wr,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Klebsiella pneumoniae [K. pneumoniae] as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere'?","A. Diseases in the body caused by enterococcus genus B. bacteria that infect the body cause diseases C. diseases with bacteria (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus ) as the cause D. Diseases in the body caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Klebsiella pneumoniae [K. pneumoniae] as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000458 1_1_pl7tus1g,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'balloon cell malignant melanoma'?","A. A melanoma that is characterized as highly aggressive and manifests as a uniform blue-black, blue-red, or amelanotic nodule. B. A skin melanoma that arises from a congenital melanocytic nevus. C. A skin melanoma that is characterized by the presence of nodules which contain large melanoma cells with clear, foamy or finely vacuolated cytoplasm. D. A skin melanoma that arises from the upper or lower eyelid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,balloon cell malignant melanoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10044 1_1_kxfgj0zd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Groove for sigmoid sinus'?","A. Skull groove, each instance of which is a groove on the internal surface of some frontal, parietal, and occipital bones that lodges some superior sagittal sinus. B. Skull groove, each instance of which is an S-shaped groove beginning on the internal surface of the posteroinferior edge of some parietal bone and continuous with the lateral end of the groove for some transverse sinus; it passes onto the internal surface of the mastoid part of some temporal bone where it bends inferiorly and mediallyto continue onto the lateral portion of some occipital bone, ending at some jugular foramen. It lodges some sigmoid sinus. C. Skull groove, each instance of which is some posterolaterally oriented groove that runs along the internal surface of the petrous part of some temporal bone on the angle separating some posterior and middle cranial fossae; it lodges some superior petrosal sinus. D. Skull groove, each instance of which is a groove adjacent to the foramen magnum on the inner surface of some occipital bone where some marginal sinus lodges.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Groove for sigmoid sinus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma57122 1_1_9uckcquo,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete peroxisome receptor'?","A. OBSOLETE. Initiates or upregulates transcription in the presence of zinc. B. OBSOLETE. (Was not defined before being made obsolete). C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) + acetyl-CoA + 18 H+ + 8 malonyl-CoA + 11 NADPH = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 8 CO2 + 9 CoA + dihydromonacolin L + 6 H2O + 11 NADP+. D. The process in which the sorocarp is generated and organized. An example of this process is found in Dictyostelium discoideum.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete peroxisome receptor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005050 1_1_0572tyob,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gambling dealer'?","A. Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors. B. Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines. C. Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against players' hands. D. Perform clerical duties for courts of law, municipalities, or governmental licensing agencies and bureaus. May prepare docket of cases to be called; secure information for judges and court; prepare draft agendas or bylaws for town or city council; answer official correspondence; keep fiscal records and accounts; issue licenses or permits; and record data, administer tests, or collect fees.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,gambling dealer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39301100 1_1_4a7gxdcg,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panel'?","A. A word balloon in a comics sequence containing dialogue, thought, or sound. B. A visual frame containing part of a comics sequence. C. A sequence of juxtaposed panels, text, and other pictorial elements. D. The space between panels in a comics sequence.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Panel,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Panel 1_1_yw5wk5f1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Portal venous tree'?","A. Venous tree (organ) connected to the left atrium. Examples: There are four pulmonary venous trees; right superior pulmonary vein, right inferior pulmonary vein, left superior pulmonary vein and left inferior pulmonary vein. B. Venous tree (organ) connected to the gut, liver, pancreas and spleen. Examples: There is only one portal venous tree (organ). C. Venous tree (organ) connected to the right atrium. Examples: superior vena caval tree, inferior vena caval tree, main cardiac venous tree D. Blood vessel tree organ, the organ parts of which are veins. Examples: There are only three canonical types, systemic venous tree (organ), pulmonary venous tree (organ) and portal venous tree (organ).",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Portal venous tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45847 1_1_7o0byrv5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber Titanium concentration'?","A. The fructose content of the tuber B. The concentration of titanium in tuber C. The anthocyanin concentration in fresh weight basis D. The concentration of tryptophan in tuber",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber Titanium concentration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001133 1_1_cf9fxi39,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root primordium'?","A. A primordium that develops from a root anlagen and is committed to the development of a root . B. A portion of meristem tissue that has as parts protoderm and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure . C. A primordium that is committed to the development of a floral organ and is part of a reproductive shoot apex . D. A root primordium that is committed to the development of a basal root .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005029 1_1_gkhbb4ur,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral structure'?","A. Part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It typically consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull[GO]. B. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. C. Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus. D. Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,lateral structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015212 1_1_p73g6xft,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'venlafaxine'?","A. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. B. An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity. C. A bioactive polypeptide of 39 amino acid residues isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). High-affinity glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (Kd = 136 pM); potently induces cAMP formation without stimulating amylase release in pancreatic acini; potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated rat islets; protects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. A synthetic version is called exenatide. D. A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,venlafaxine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9943 1_1_skrnwaoo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute sinusitis, unspecified'?","A. A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed. B. facial pain, localized to the cheek, but also in the frontal area or the teeth, that is made worse by stooping down or straining. The pain can be unilateral or bilateral, and tenderness may overlie the sinus. C. Acute sinusitis causes the spaces inside your nose (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen D. Acute sinusitis is most often caused by the common cold. Signs and symptoms may include a blocked and stuffy (congested) nose, which may block your sinuses and prevent drainage of mucus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Acute sinusitis, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000218 1_1_bh7yg2yz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylcholine O-34:6'?","A. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 6 double bonds. B. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 36 carbons and 3 double bonds. C. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 38 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. An alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 40 carbons and 5 double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylcholine O-34:6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67073 1_1_aeivwcp1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerial tuber pith'?","A. A portion of tuber pith that is part of an aerial tuber storage parenchyma . B. A portion of tuber pith that is part of a subterranean tuber storage parenchyma . C. A tuber perimedullary zone that is part of a subterranean tuber pith. D. A portion of pith that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,aerial tuber pith,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025054 1_1_9ufvrr72,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary lymphedema IA'?","A. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has_material_basis_in mutation in the FLT4 gene on chromosome 5q35. B. A lymphedema commonly located_in legs, caused_by congenital abnormalities in the lymphatic system. C. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has_material_basis_in the chromosomal region 6q16.2-q22.1. D. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has_material_basis_in mutation in the VEGFC gene on chromosome 4q34.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary lymphedema IA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070210 1_1_1i48bgrd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mud'?","A. An environnmental material which 1) is composed primarily of polymers with high molecular mass and 2) once deformed does not spontaneously return to its original shape. B. An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. C. An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. D. A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000001 1_1_cb4vsfnx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute upper respiratory infections of multiple sites'?","A. A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. B. An acute URI is a contagious infection of your upper respiratory tract. Your upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi. C. upper respiratory system is infected in multiple sites and parts will become inflamed or damaged. D. Diseases and conditions affecting the eyes",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute upper respiratory infections of multiple sites,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000388 1_1_jxwvaqx1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Conducting system of interventricular septum'?","A. Tissue fluid of tissues other than connective tissue. B. Conducting system of subdivision of heart which consists of the sinuatrial node and the posterior internodal tract. C. Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of mitral valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of left ventricle. D. Conducting system of subdivision of heart which consists of the atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle with its right and left branches.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Conducting system of interventricular septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83124 1_1_sf0all2m,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular leaf abaxial meristem'?","A. A phyllome that is not associated with a reproductive structure. B. The stage of megagametophyte development when non-functional megaspores degenerate. C. A portion of meristem tissue that is found on the abaxial side of a developing phyllome . D. A portion of phyllome abaxial meristem tissue that is found on the abaxial side of a developing vascular leaf .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,vascular leaf abaxial meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025403 1_1_way4b884,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'grooming behavior'?","A. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. B. The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. C. The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites. D. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,grooming behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007625 1_1_g84fv8le,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'metarylpicoxamid'?","A. A monosaccharide derivative that is coniferol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. B. An ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(2-methylphenyl)butan-2-yl N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)-L-alaninate with the carboxy group of propanoic acid. It is a fungicide from Corteva Agriscience. C. A glutathione derivative in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione is replaced by a [2-hydroxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propyl group. D. An indole phytoalexin that is camalexin in which the hydrogen at position 6 on the indole fragment has been replaced by a methoxy group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,metarylpicoxamid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_192263 1_1_udi01uh0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'alveolus of lung'?","A. The narrowest portion of the gallbladder and distal to the cystic duct. B. The connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland. C. Spherical outcropping of the respiratory bronchioles and primary site of gas exchange with the blood. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates[WP]. D. The functional units of the liver including the lobules.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,alveolus of lung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002299 1_1_7yw7i9rg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'poultry manure'?","A. Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. B. Poultry manure made of chicken feces. C. Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. D. Manure which is primarily composed of pig feces.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,poultry manure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001117 1_1_tyjfily2,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Application_Date'?","A. The date when a modification is applied to the destination legislative document. The date can be instantaneous, in the future or in the past. Normally this date coincides with the date of efficacy of the text in which the modification takes place. B. The date when the formal act by which a legislative body freezes the document into its final form, it is the time when the document can be said to have begun its existence. C. The date when the competent authorities finalise the document by affixing their signatures to it (e.g. promulgation by the president, signature by the queen etc.) This is the date shown on the document itself: it is an objective element and clearly identifyable. D. The date when the normative document is published in the official journal designated as the source for making all such documents public and legal.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Application_Date,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Application_Date 1_1_2b9vbzpy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypoglossohyoid triangle'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull representing the highest point of skull intersecting the midsagittal plane. B. Commissural leaflet of mitral valve which is attached to the anterior head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle. C. Cardiac muscle tissue which consists of the interventricular fasciculus and the fibrocollagenous sheath that separates the right from the left cardiac ventricle. D. Compartment of neck, each instance of which is a the triangular space in some subhyoid region, bounded superiorly by some hypoglossal nerve, anteriorly by the posterior border of some mylohyoid muscle, and posteriorly and inferiorly by the tendon of some digastric muscle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hypoglossohyoid triangle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329290 1_1_yftvb90z,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaving'?","A. This class comprises the activities that contribute to the management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Curated Holding, following an implicit or explicit curation plan. It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded. Items are accumulated and organized following criteria such as subject, chronological period, material type, style of art, etc., and can be added or removed from an instance of E78 Curated Holding for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items to form a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event, while the activities of evolving, preserving, and promoting a collection are regarded as instances of E87 Curation Activity.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming an employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family, and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor. The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of rights. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of ownership 2. the end of ownership 3. the transfer of ownership 4. the acquisition from an unknown source 5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example, by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of “accession” differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E86 Leaving,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E86_Leaving 1_1_8jnkhsii,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Branch'?","A. Generally deemed easier to talk of in the 'from part to whole' direction, but ontologically, the other direction is better. e.g., in the normal course of things, all plants have as part roots, but not all roots need to be part of some plant. B. Branches are parts of trees. C. Leaves are parts of branches. D. note that this is different from a tuber (enlarged stem, like potato)",B,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Branch,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Branch 1_1_mnpehu0m,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'condyle of femur'?","A. The tubules in the testes where spermatogenesis occurs. B. A condyle that is part of a distal epiphysis of femur. C. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]. D. A muscle layer that is part of a fallopian tube.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,condyle of femur,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009980 1_1_0472yf96,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mining or geological engineer, including mining safety engineer'?","A. Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. B. Conduct subsurface surveys to identify the characteristics of potential land or mining development sites. May specify the ground support systems, processes, and equipment for safe, economical, and environmentally sound extraction or underground construction activities. May inspect areas for unsafe geological conditions, equipment, and working conditions. May design, implement, and coordinate mine safety programs. C. Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry. D. Teach academic, social, and life skills to elementary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"mining or geological engineer, including mining safety engineer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17215100 1_1_xe46nz0d,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A'?","A. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area (A). Avoid border effects by sampling away from edges of plot. Biomass as other yield components can be calculated or measured individually (Bell and Fischer, 1994, Reynolds et al., 2001, Pask et al., 2012), decide which method suit better for your objectives. B. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. C. Standard method for grain phosphorus content. D. 1. A sample of 60 grams or 250 grams of flour is mixed with a salt solution to form a dough. 2. The dough is sheeted, rested and inflated in the Chopin Alveograph, 2. Five 4.5 centimeter circular dough patties are formed and then rested in the alveograph in a temperature-regulated compartment at 25 degrees Celsius for approximately 20 minutes, 3. Each dough patty is tested individually. The alveograph blows air into a dough patty, which expands into a bubble that eventually breaks, 4. The pressure inside the bubble is recorded as a curve on graph paper. The alveograph determines the gluten strength of a dough by measuring the force required to blow and break a bubble of dough. The results include P Value, L Value, and W Value.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,ALVEOGRAPH determination AACC 54-30 A,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000385 1_1_v29l6gqj,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'never tobacco smoker'?","A. A person who has never smoked tobacco. B. A person who is incarcerated in a prison. C. A person who engages in e-cigarette use. D. A person who does not currently report smoking tobacco.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,never tobacco smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000779 1_1_ioqb23ij,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Surface of groove for transverse sinus'?","A. Subdivision of surface of skull, each instance of which is some surface that bounds the groove for some occipital sinus. B. Subdivision of surface of skull, each instance of which is some surface that bounds the groove for some inferior petrosal sinus. C. Subdivision of surface of skull, each instance of which is some surface that bounds the groove for some sigmoid sinus. D. Subdivision of surface of skull, each instance of which is some surface that bounds the groove for some tranverse sinus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Surface of groove for transverse sinus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329276 1_1_xzc4eft9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'stepNorm'?","A. An integrated web interface for doing microarray analysis using several of the Bioconductor packages. It is intended to be deployed as a centralized bioinformatics resource for use by many users. B. XDE: a Bayesian hierarchical model for cross-study analysis of differential gene expression C. Stepwise normalization functions for cDNA microarray data. D. This package finds optimal sets of genes that seperate samples into two or more classes.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,stepNorm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000714 1_1_3371ge7z,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'limbic lobe'?","A. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. B. Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). C. Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem. D. Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH).",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,limbic lobe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002600 1_1_8tqjs8w4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes '2-3 toe syndactyly'?","A. Syndactyly with fusion of toes two and three. B. Syndactyly with fusion of toes four and five. C. Webbing or fusion of the toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as ""bony"" Syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as ""Symphalangism"". D. Syndactyly with fusion of toes one to five (complete syndactyly of all toes of the foot).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,2-3 toe syndactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004691 1_1_t1oi0uve,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lysosome to ER cholesterol transport'?","A. Vesicle-mediated transport of cargo from the mitochondrion to the lysosome, mediated by a mitochondrion-derived vesicle. B. The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, by membrane-bounded vesicles. C. The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, or cholesterol-containing compounds, from the lysosome to the endoplasmic reticulum. D. The dissociation of the contractile vacuole after discharge, from the plasma membrane. This interaction is mediated by detethering factors that initiate the process of tubulation and fragmentation of the empty contractile vacuole bladder, which is then reincorporated into the CV network.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lysosome to ER cholesterol transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090120 1_1_alutw7uo,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'synaptic transmission, GABAergic'?","A. The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. B. The low level of synaptic transmission that occurs via spontaneous neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft in the absence of a presynaptic action potential. C. Synaptic transmission that results in an inhibitory postsynaptic potential. D. The vesicular release of dopamine. from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of dopamine receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"synaptic transmission, GABAergic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051932 1_1_fk35rskt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with gastrointestinal manifestations'?","A. Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. B. Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other respiratory manifestations C. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. D. Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with gastrointestinal manifestations,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000041 1_1_d1qlobcl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'water mass'?","A. A drink that contains caffeine, a stimulant that is legal and popular in most developed countries. B. A mass of water C. A body made up of any of various liquids. D. An accumulation of water of varying size.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,water mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000685 1_1_r4b6g4q4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'factDesign'?","A. Provides visualization tools for flow cytometry data B. Tools for analysing and navigating data from high-throughput phenotyping experiments based on cellular assays and fluorescent detection (flow cytometry (FACS), high-content screening microscopy). C. Preprocessing of Agilent 4x44 array data D. This package provides a set of tools for analyzing data from a factorial designed microarray experiment, or any microarray experiment for which a linear model is appropriate. The functions can be used to evaluate tests of contrast of biological interest and perform single outlier detection.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,factDesign,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000532 1_1_fhvx579e,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute prostatitis DP'?","A. Inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis c virus lasting six months or more B. Diseases that affect the male reproductive and genital organs C. A benign (noncancerous) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. D. when your prostate gland becomes suddenly inflamed",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute prostatitis DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000277 1_1_knxqpc7x,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Quakers'?","A. LGBTQ people who are Baptist. B. LGBTQ people who are Methodist. C. LGBTQ people who are Quakers. D. LGBTQ people who are Anglican.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Quakers,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008207 1_1_8p8wntzx,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Physical Human-Made Thing'?","A. This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy). In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects”, i.e. naturally defined objects (Smith & Varzi, 2000). The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation. Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not. Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature. This definition coincides with the definition of “fiat objects”, with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects” (Smith & Varzi, 2000).Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural. Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land, etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter. An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E24 Physical Human-Made Thing,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E24_Physical_Human-Made_Thing 1_1_yzz3vdul,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant size - Method'?","A. Plant size at harvest B. Hairiness on mature leaflet assessment. C. Root-galling response to nematodes measured 9 weeks after inoculation with Meloidogyne arenaria eggs using a 0-10 scale. D. Leaf size assessment.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant size - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000714 1_1_89h7tt0u,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'limmaGUI'?","A. A package to provide UUID values in R B. Nested Effects Models to reconstruct phenotypic hierarchies C. A Graphical User Interface for the limma Microarray package D. Reverse engineering of molecular regulatory networks with qp-graphs",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,limmaGUI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000594 1_1_cwa03o3l,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcoholic cirrhosis DP of liver'?","A. any disturbance of liver function that causes illness. B. liver is damaged which makes it hard to digest food. C. liver failure D. Unspecified late stage scarring of the liver",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,alcoholic cirrhosis DP of liver,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000359 1_1_g3h23iaj,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phenol-containing compound catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of small molecules, any low molecular weight, monomeric, non-encoded molecule. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phenol-containing compound catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019336 1_1_x94lcnhi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mid-elevation mountain'?","A. A mountain that is part of a tropical environment. B. A mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 2499 metres above sea level and slopes greater than or equal to two degrees of inclination. C. A mountain that is part of a polar environment. D. A mountain that is part of a temperate environment.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mid-elevation mountain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001460 1_1_yxgbaf8k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior papillary muscle of right ventricle'?","A. Papillary muscle of right ventricle which is attached to the wall of right ventricle below the posteroseptal commissure of tricuspid valve. B. Papillary muscle of left ventricle which has as its parts the anterolateral and posterior heads of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle that is continuous with the lateral wall of left ventricle. C. Papillary muscle of right ventricle which is attached to the septomarginal trabecula. D. Papillary muscle of right venricle which is attached to the wall of right ventricle below the anteroposterior commissure of tricuspid valve and the septomarginal trabecula.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior papillary muscle of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7260 1_1_00lv0emm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Distal superior pancreatic lymph node'?","A. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the basal anterior, basal anteroseptal, inferoseptal zones, the mid anterior, anteroseptal and inferoseptal zones, the apical anterior and septal zones and the apex zone of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Superior pancreatic lymph node located along the distal segment of splenic artery. C. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, septum and fornix, as well as subcortical gray and white matter structures. There is only one telencephalon. D. Superior pancreatic lymph node located along the proximal segment of splenic artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Distal superior pancreatic lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277298 1_1_1a0ewgse,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Congestive heart failure'?","A. The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to any group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia and includes unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). B. The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction. C. The accumulation of pericardial fluid with subsequent compression of all cardiac chambers which prevents cardiac filling. D. An abnormality of the cardiac ventricular function.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Congestive heart failure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635 1_1_spdx9gsc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant sperm cell'?","A. A gamete produced by an archegonium or an embryo sac . B. A plant sperm cell that is part of the pollen . C. A plant sperm cell which develops from a spermatogenous cell and is located in an antheridium . D. A gamete produced by an antheridium or a microgametophyte .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant sperm cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000084 1_1_6dd5u7u1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic anion transport'?","A. The process in which thiamine pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane. B. The directed movement of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of organic anions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage. D. The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,organic anion transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015711 1_1_yw442obw,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Formalized tender'?","A. Class describing the tenders accepted in the procurement public contract. B. Class describing the awarded tenders. C. Class describing tenders being formalized. D. Class that defines the tenders excluded from the procurement procedure.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Formalized tender,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#FormalizedTender 1_1_2dgzarz9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy'?","A. The ImmPort Conditions of Use is a vendor-specific license which allows the use of ImmPort data for any legal purpose except for those prohibited elsewhere in this agreement. There are very few prohibitions, and no requirement for attribution. B. The NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy specifies under what legal requirements NIH genomic data may be accessed. Access to human data is through a tiered model involving unrestricted- and controlled-data access mechanisms. Requests for controlled-access data are reviewed by NIH Data Access Committees (DACs). C. The SABIO-RK Non-Commercial Purpose License covers use of the Database for Non-Commercial Purpose only, and appropriate attribution must be given. Non-Commercial Purpose means the use of the Database solely for internal non-commercial research and academic purposes. As consent must be aquired for commercial use, a separate agreement must be entered into for commercial use and is not covered here. D. The LINCS Data Policy is a license which allows redistribution and derivative works as long as the original data is attributed correctly. All investigators are encouraged, to publish results based on LINCS data. These results may include, but would not be limited to, integrating LINCS data with data from other sources. LINCS data are released with the sole restriction that they must be correctly cited so that others can establish provenance and access the original data; the correct citation will be released with each data set and will comprise either a PMID/PMCID reference or a unique LINCS identifier.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000121 1_1_qrarnltu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of chromosome segregation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of chromosome segregation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051983 1_1_z7ajs9ow,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior basal segmental vein'?","A. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which drains the anterior segment of the superior lobe of some lung. B. Anterior segmental vein, each instance of which is vein draining the apicoposterior segment of the superior lobe of some left lung and emptying into some left superior pulmonary vein. C. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some superior basal vein that drains the anterior basal segment of the inferior lobe of some lung. D. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which drains the apical segment of the superior lobe of some lung.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior basal segmental vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13290 1_1_f7qw14jw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'exonmap'?","A. A collection of software tools for dealing with co-citation data. B. A Graphical User Interface for the limma Microarray package C. This package functions as methods for microarray analysis that take basic data types such as matrices and lists of vectors. These methods can be used standalone, be utilized in other packages, or be wrapped up in higher-level classes. D. This package provides fine grained annotation of Affymetrix exon arrays, including mappings between the array probes and probesets and the Ensembl exons, transcripts and genes they target.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,exonmap,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000528 1_1_1ve3ypj5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'snus user'?","A. A person who has reached maturity. B. A person who has analytic toxicologist role. C. A person that reports using snus. D. A person with whom someone has a sufficiently close relationship that they are willing to discuss important matters.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,snus user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000846 1_1_c068el5v,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'peepshow prostitution'?","A. Prostitution services without a primary purpose being the exchange of sexual intercourse for pay. B. Sex work taking place in places toted primarily as massage parlors. C. Performance of sex work streamed or otherwise sent virtually via the internet in engage for money or other material items. D. Sex work engaged in where the client and the sex worker are separated by some physical boundary, i.e. the sex worker is exhibited to the client.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,peepshow prostitution,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003493 1_1_3v6jqhn3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal thrombosis'?","A. Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a vein, causing the obstruction of blood flow. B. An abnormal susceptibility to bleeding, often referred to as a bleeding diathesis. A bleeding diathesis may be related to vascular, platelet and coagulation defects. C. Any functional abnormality of erythrocytes (red-blood cells). D. Venous or arterial thrombosis (formation of blood clots) of spontaneous nature and which cannot be fully explained by acquired risk (e.g. atherosclerosis).",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal thrombosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001977 1_1_pzc3zyyh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sound engineering technician'?","A. Instruct individual students or small groups of students in academic subjects to support formal class instruction or to prepare students for standardized or admissions tests. B. Assemble and operate equipment to record, synchronize, mix, edit, or reproduce sound, including music, voices, or sound effects, for theater, video, film, television, podcasts, sporting events, and other productions. C. Maintain order in courts of law. D. Assist speech-language pathologists in the assessment and treatment of speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. Implement speech and language programs or activities as planned and directed by speech-language pathologists. Monitor the use of alternative communication devices and systems.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,sound engineering technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27401400 1_1_fw8549tb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'excision of breast mass'?","A. Any of various conditions in which a person is of especially tall stature. B. Surgical excision of a breast lump. C. Surgical excision of a breast tumor mass. D. The surgical removal of a discrete mass, colloquially called a lump.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,excision of breast mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010592 1_1_kwwdtrfp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharmaceutical efficacy'?","A. A disposition inhering in a pharmaceutical. B. A pharmaceutical disposition to ameliorate or cure some symptom or medical condition when the pharmaceutical is used as specified. C. A disposition of a pharmaceutical to cause some clinical symptom or medical condition when taken into the body. D. A pharmaceutical disposition to ameliorate or cure some symptom or medical condition when the pharmaceutical is used under typical conditions.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pharmaceutical efficacy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001251 1_1_8lci15kh,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflammation'?","A. Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation B. Necrosis is a general symptom where death of a portion of tissue differentially affected by local injury (as loss of blood supply, corrosion, burning, or the local lesion of a disease). C. Insomnia is a sleep disturbance characterized by prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep. D. Inflammation is a general symptom where there is a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,inflammation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000061 1_1_2k0935vi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nest of alligator'?","A. An animal habitation that is constructed by organisms in the family Crocodylidae (crocodiles). B. An animal habitation that is assembled by an organism in the order Crocodylia (alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and gharials). These habitations (nests), are typically built in freshwater or brackish environments. They can be mound nests, made from vegetation, mud, and organic material, or hole nests, excavated in sandy or muddy banks. These nests serve as sites for egg laying, incubation, and initial care of the young. C. A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. D. An animal habitation which is built by alligators from plants and decomposing vegetation in order to protect their eggs from predators.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nest of alligator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600069 1_1_kpowiygm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary palate epithelium'?","A. The foramen rotundum is a circular hole in the sphenoid bone that connects the middle cranial fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa. B. An epithelium that is part of a primary palate. C. A taste bud that is located on the soft palate, in the roof of the mouth. D. The part of the palate formed from the intermaxillary segment.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,primary palate epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005659 1_1_y8d9l2ol,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate, a precursor of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N). C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,4-amino-4-deoxy-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl undecaprenyl phosphate metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036107 1_1_r75o1mox,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiple myeloma DP'?","A. cancerous tumor of the eye B. A malignancy of mature plasma cells engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. C. cancerous tumor of the brain D. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,multiple myeloma DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000337 1_1_gh43aep1,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of natural killer cell activation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of natural killer cell activation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032815 1_1_lf36m8ol,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem elongation stage'?","A. The stage at which the internodes elongate. B. The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible. C. The stage at which nine nodes or nine internodes are visible. D. The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem elongation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007089 1_1_kwajdg3f,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ga content'?","A. Ga content B. Zn content C. Ca content D. Mo content",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ga content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_360:0000168 1_1_ocwoplw7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'flowClust'?","A. EBarrays provides tools for the analysis of replicated/unreplicated microarray data. B. seqLogo takes the position weight matrix of a DNA sequence motif and plots the corresponding sequence logo C. Robust model-based clustering using a t-mixture model with Box-Cox transformation. Note: users should have GSL installed D. makePlatformDesign creates the Platform Design environments (PDenvs) required by oligo.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,flowClust,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000537 1_1_gkuvue9y,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect larval metathoracic segment'?","A. Any metathoracic segment (UBERON:6000019) that is part of some larval thorax (UBERON:6001741). B. Metathoracic segment of the embryo. C. Any prothoracic segment (UBERON:6000017) that is part of some larval thorax (UBERON:6001741). D. Any mesothoracic segment (UBERON:6000018) that is part of some larval thorax (UBERON:6001741).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,insect larval metathoracic segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6001745 1_1_mmpztbfr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'igneous'?","A. The Wilson cycle (a plate tectonics based rock cycle) was developed by J. Tuzo Wilson during the 1960s and 1970s. [Wikipedia] B. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When sedimentary (and/or) igneous layers are folded, bent or twisted by heat and pressure due to motions of tectonic plates or intrusions by magma, the rocky material is transformed into other rock called metamorphic rock. [Wikipedia] C. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When wind or water deposit fine grained material on the surface, it creates sheets. Over thousands of years, the composition can change subtly or distinctly and the result is differing compositions of layered deposits. As the overlying layers compact the soil underneath the soil is converted to rock by the process of lithification. [Wikipedia] D. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. Igneous refers to the process whereby hot material from the mantle is squeezed upward toward the earth's surface. If it has not reached the surface then the material is described as an intrusive structure and the rocks it creates are called Intrusive Rock. If it extrudes from the surface the material is described as a volcano and the rock it creates is known as Extrusive Rock. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,igneous,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/Igneous 1_1_vitj4e9u,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ground inversion'?","A. An air layer with its base at the ground surface and in which temperature increases with height. These often form at night over land under clear skies and are statically stable. See inversion, lapse rate. B. A physical process at the initial stage of cyclone life cycle C. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. D. An organized lifting zone of cumulus and towering cumulus clouds, connected to and extending outward from the mature updraft tower of a supercell or strong multicell convective storm.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ground inversion,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/GroundInversion 1_1_ja2fy87b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CAS Information Use Policy'?","A. The University of Concordia Terms of Use is a vendor-specific license which states that no document appearing on this website or any other website owned, operated or controlled by Concordia may be copied, sold, reproduced, republished, downloaded, posted, transmitted or distributed by any means with the exception of downloading or printing the contents of the site for personal, non-commercial use. This use must bear in mind that Concordia reserves its copyright and its rights to exclusivity over the material. B. The NLM Open License with Attribution is a vendor-specific license which is similar to public domain, but which requests attribution. Government information at NLM Web sites is in the public domain. Public domain information may be freely distributed and copied, but it is requested that in any subsequent use the National Library of Medicine (NLM) be given appropriate acknowledgement. When using NLM Web sites, you may encounter documents, illustrations, photographs, or other information resources contributed or licensed by private individuals, companies, or organizations that may be protected by U.S. and foreign copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use as defined in the copyright laws requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Specific NLM Web sites containing protected information provide additional notification of conditions associated with its use. C. The UCUM Terms of Use is a vendor-specific license which allows the resource it references to be used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without restriction of any kind, provided that appropriate attribution is given. However, the resource itself may not be modified in any way. Users may make and distribute an unlimited number of copies of the Licensed Materials. Each copy thereof must include the Copyright Notice and License. D. The CAS Information Use Policy specifies under what legal requirements CAS Information may be accessed. Attribution to ACS must be included whenever creating derivatives or redistributing data covered under this license.Each User is permitted to download and retain a maximum of 5,000 Records and a maximum of 5,000 Molfiles at any given time for personal use or to share within a Project team for the life of the Project. There are also limits on how long records may be stored with the licensee, and how records may be linked.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CAS Information Use Policy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000106 1_1_cmoqzzd2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mature CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell'?","A. A mature CD16-positive myeloid dendritic cell is CD80-high, CD83-positive, CD86-high, and MHCII-high. B. Mature dermal dendritic cell is a dermal dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive. C. Mature CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive. D. A mature cell of the conventional dendritic cell lineage, characterized by a high capacity for antigen presentation and typically found in a lymph node.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mature CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001005 1_1_yv3gb4wl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'funeral home manager'?","A. Lubricate machinery, change parts, or perform other routine machinery maintenance. B. Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions. May administer eye exams, administer eye medications, and instruct the patient in care and use of corrective lenses. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate the services or resources of funeral homes. Includes activities such as determining prices for services or merchandise and managing the facilities of funeral homes. D. Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,funeral home manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11917100 1_1_afv85329,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'majola wind'?","A. A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes. B. A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow. C. A local wind blowing through a gap between mountains, a gap wind. This term was introduced by R. S. Scorer (1952) for the surface winds blowing through the Strait of Gibraltar. When air stratification is stable, as it usually is in summer, the air tends to flow through the gap from high to low pressure, emerging as a ?jet? with large standing eddies in the lee of the gap. The excess of pressure on the upwind side is attributed to a pool of cold air held up by the mountains. Similar winds occur at other gaps in mountain ranges, such as the tehuantepecer and the jochwinde, and in long channels, such as the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Compare jet-effect wind, canyon wind, mountain wind. D. A wind, named after the Maloja Pass between the Engadine and Bergall, Switzerland, that blows down the valley of the Upper Engadine by day and either up or down by night. This deviation from the usual nature of mountain and valley winds is attributed to the fact that the stronger daytime valley wind from the south overtops the ridge and continues down the Engadine.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,majola wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MajolaWind 1_1_59jitvnz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'universal suffrage'?","A. A form of voting rights in which all adult males within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, ""one man, one vote"". B. The right of Black persons to vote in elections. C. The combination of active and passive suffrage. D. The right to vote to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, ethnicity, or any other restriction, subject only to relatively minor exceptions.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,universal suffrage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006495 1_1_fzmoy090,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol-related traffic crash'?","A. A traffic crash that is at least partially caused by intoxication resulting from consumption of alcohol. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles (sometimes mixed with molasses and water) form loose dry sticks. C. A process in which a vehicle collides with an object, person or vehicle, causing damage. D. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol-related traffic crash,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000358 1_1_zxwfrizv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fault'?","A. The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. B. Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two. C. Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. D. In geology, a fault or fault line is a planar rock fracture, which shows evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation that is associated with the fault plane.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fault,http://sweetontology.net/phenSolid/Fault 1_1_uil8wbhn,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Conductivity'?","A. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. ""Irradiance"" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. ""Radiant exitance"" or ""radiant emittance"" is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface. The SI units for all of these quantities are watts per square meter (W/m2) (wikipedia). All of these quantities characterize the total amount of radiation present, at all frequencies. It is also common to consider each frequency in the spectrum separately. When this is done for radiation incident on a surface, it is called spectral irradiance, and has SI units W/m3, or commonly W·m−2·nm−1. B. is a measure of a material's ability to conduct an electric current. Units are siemens per meter C. The number of photons striking an area per unit time. This could be probably also be called a PhotonArealDensityRate. D. Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2).",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Conductivity,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#Conductivity 1_1_7kyk40k1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerumen'?","A. Secretion produced by a sweat gland. B. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. C. A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. D. The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH].",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cerumen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002297 1_1_eqrhq8wt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'gas molecular entity'?","A. An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. B. Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). C. A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. D. A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,gas molecular entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_138675 1_1_ssxyhvfq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Scapular muscle atrophy'?","A. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition]. B. Atrophy of the muscles that are responsible for moving the scapula, which are the levator scapulae, the infraspinatus muscle, the teres major, the teres minor, and the supraspinatus muscle. C. Atrophy of the superior cerebellar peduncle. D. Detection of lead in the blood.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Scapular muscle atrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009060 1_1_7r60xsu1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of free wall of left ventricle'?","A. Myocardium of free wall of ventricle which is continuous with the septal myocardium of right ventricle. B. This vein connects the great saphenous vein with a femoral vein. It is placed above the posterior crural arch vein. It interconnects the great saphenous vein with femoral vein and is placed at the lower or intermediate 1/3 of thigh. C. Myocardium of free wall of ventricle which has as its parts the myocardium of anterior, lateral and inferior walls of left ventricle and is continuous with the septal myocardium of left ventricle. D. Systemic venous tree (organ), the trunk of which is the coronary sinus or the small cardiac vein. Examples: main cardiac venous tree, right marginal venous tree..",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of free wall of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84932 1_1_i81vp34z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 60'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first weeks or months of life of refractory seizures, profoundly impaired intellectual development, absent speech, spastic quadriplegia, and dyskinetic movements that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PIGP gene on chromosome 21q22. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of tonic seizures in early infancy and severely impaired psychomotor development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the STXBP1 gene on chromosome 9q34.1. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of infantile spasms, seizures, or myoclonus in the first months of life, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and severe global developmental delay that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CNPY3 gene on chromosome 6p. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months of lifes of seizures, global developmental delay with impaired motor and intellectual development, poor or absent speech, movement disorders, and stereotypic or autistic behavior that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CUX2 gene on chromosome 12q24.11-q24.12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 60,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080432 1_1_qxleln5p,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'paraxial mesoderm'?","A. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. B. Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. C. The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. D. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO].",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,paraxial mesoderm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003077 1_1_bjv9ejg4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein complex involved in cell adhesion'?","A. A macromolecular complex that contains both RNA and protein molecules. B. Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell adhesion to the cell matrix or to another cell. C. Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule. D. A macromolecular complex containing separate protein and lipid molecules. Separate in this context means not covalently bound to each other.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,protein complex involved in cell adhesion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098636 1_1_bzpts7e5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'programming language'?","A. A language in which source code is written that is intended to be executed/run by a software interpreter. Programming languages are ways to write instructions that specify what to do, and sometimes, how to do it. B. GNU Octave is a high-level interpreted language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides capabilities for the numerical solution of linear and nonlinear problems, and for performing other numerical experiments. It also provides extensive graphics capabilities for data visualization and manipulation. Octave is normally used through its interactive command line interface, but it can also be used to write non-interactive programs. The Octave language is quite similar to Matlab so that most programs are easily portable. C. Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. D. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,programming language,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000025 1_1_0p2rntm3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'olaratumab'?","A. Conjugate base of bhas#22 B. A tetrahydrofolyl glutamate consisting of a 10-formyltetrahydrofolyl group linked via an amide bond to a gamma-glutamyl chain of 5 residues. C. Olaratumab is a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha blocking antibody used with doxorubicin to treat patients with certain types of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). (DrugBank) D. diketopiperazine Trp-Arg present in the deep-sea sponge Geodia barretti",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,olaratumab,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_231681 1_1_3a9ds2xm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'flowStats'?","A. This package contains methods and functionality to analyse flow data that is beyond the basic infrastructure provided by the flowCore package. B. Conducts pathway analysis by calculating the NT_k and NE_k statistics C. lapmix is a software package for the identification of differentially expressed genes. A hierarchical Bayesian approach is used, and the hyperparameters are estimated using empirical Bayes. D. PCOT2 is a permutation-based method for investigating changes in the activity of multi-gene networks. It utilizes inter-gene correlation information to detect significant alterations in gene network activities. Currently it can be applied to two-sample comparisons.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,flowStats,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000541 1_1_03pf92g7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'orbitosphenoid'?","A. The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. It leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis[WP]. A fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus[MESH]. B. The bone that is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid; it generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult, and may be independent in the young. C. A specialized, enlarged, connective tissue cell of the decidua with enlarged nucleus, dense membrane‐bound secretory granules and cytoplasmic accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. These cells develop by the transformation of endometrial stromal cells during decidualization. D. A vertebral centrum that is posterior to preural vertebra 1 and consequently the most posterior vertebral centra. Ural centrum is a unpaired median bone.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,orbitosphenoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002478 1_1_vch8o6la,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acellular anatomical structure'?","A. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its parts some cells of predominantly one type with or without intercellular matrix. Examples: portion of epithelium, portion of muscle tissue, portion of connective tissue, portion of neural tissue. B. Postnatal anatomical structure, each instance of which has as it direct parts a heterogeneous collection of some instances of two or more subclasses of anatomcial structure, which are spatially related to one another; the collections as a whole does not satisfy the definition of any other subclass of anatomical structure. Eaxmples: root of lung, back, anatomical snuffbox, motor unit, juxtaglomerular complex. C. Anatomical structure, each instance of which consists of some cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute some cell or tissue. Examples: basement membrane, prostatic concretion. D. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its direct parts instances of one or more organ types which are interconnected with one another by zones of continuity. Examples: nervous system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Acellular anatomical structure,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63863 1_1_hlpjddye,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Super-refractory status epilepticus'?","A. A structural abnormality of a mandibular symphysis. B. Super-refractory status epilepticus is defined as refractory status epilepticus continuing for 24 h or more following initiation of anesthetic medications, including cases in which seizure control is attained after induction of anesthetic drugs but recurs on weaning the patient off the anesthetic agent. C. Partial dislocation of the head of the radius. D. Refractory status epilepticus is defined as status epilepticus continuing despite two appropriately selected and dosed antiepileptic drugs, including a benzodiazepine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Super-refractory status epilepticus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032868 1_1_ki15o9f5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'telecommunications engineering specialist'?","A. Format typescript and graphic elements using computer software to produce publication-ready material. B. Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere. C. Design or configure wired, wireless, and satellite communications systems for voice, video, and data services. Supervise installation, service, and maintenance. D. Apply makeup to performers to reflect period, setting, and situation of their role.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,telecommunications engineering specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15124101 1_1_i7qt8yfv,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mass of fluid'?","A. A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. B. An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. C. An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. D. An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mass of fluid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001688 1_1_gbovde60,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'polar amino acid'?","A. A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression. B. An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. C. Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. D. A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,polar amino acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26167 1_1_p6heqhax,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 15'?","A. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacen to the apical inferior and the apical inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical lateral, the apical inferoseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical septal and the apical anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical anteroseptal and the apical inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 15,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86067 1_1_pdbxi2g1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'First pods emergence - Method'?","A. Count the number of Striga in the experimental plot 9 weeks after planting B. Count the number of Striga in the experimental plot at weekly interval after first emergence up to maturity C. Count number of days from planting to first appearance of pod per plot D. Count the number of plants infected by Alectra in the experimental plot 9 weeks after planting",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,First pods emergence - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000534 1_1_bitb9imy,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Native American studies'?","A. A broad field concerned with Indigenous peoples, cultures, languages, histories, and politics of the United States. B. An interdisciplinary academic field examining the history, culture, politics, spirituality, religions, sociology, and experiences of Native American peoples. C. Flags used by or used to represent members of the sexuality or sexuality-based community. D. An academic discipline dedicated to the study of Native Hawaiians.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Native American studies,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012557 1_1_g0lyj8nw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of cigarettes since target quit data'?","A. A data item which indicates the number of cigarettes smoked by a person since their target quit date. B. A data item that is the percentage of study participants for whom measurements are not taken at a follow-up. C. A data item which is about the amount of money spent per week on e-cigarettes. D. A data item which indicates the number of number of cigarettes less per day a person has smoked since the last time data was collected.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of cigarettes since target quit data,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000650 1_1_a5a721jy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'manure storage space'?","A. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. B. An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. C. A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. D. An agricultural aquatic ecosystem in which fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants and algae are cultivated.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,manure storage space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001115 1_1_vicvpl7d,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation'?","A. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. B. The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the nephron tubule as it progresses from its formation to the mature state. C. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity, forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephros. D. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072160 1_1_9hj1domv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '2,3-epoxysqualene'?","A. A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity. B. A squalene triterpenoid obtained by formal epoxidation across the 2,3 C=C bond of squalene. C. A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). D. A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,"2,3-epoxysqualene",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78662 1_1_8kt0934s,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sprouting - Computation'?","A. Compute the sprouting that is show at the moment of harvest by plot and calculate the percentage using the formula B. Compute the total phenolic concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula C. Compute Drought tolerance index using the formula D. Compute the relative area under the disease progress curve for late blight using the formula",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Sprouting - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001205 1_1_uiyqb9d9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other intestinal Escherichia coli infections'?","A. Enteritis (entero- + -itis) is inflammation of the small intestine. B. A condition in which candida albicans, a type of yeast, grows out of control in moist skin areas of the body C. disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. D. colitis (inflammation of the large intestine) resulting from infection with Clostridium difficile, a spore-forming bacterium.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Other intestinal Escherichia coli infections,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000127 1_1_pcz5jdqj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'serous cell of epithelium of trachea'?","A. A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of trachea. B. A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of bronchus. C. A(n) serous secreting cell that is part of a(n) bronchus submucosal gland. D. A serous secreting cell that is part of the epithelium of terminal bronchiole.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,serous cell of epithelium of trachea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000330 1_1_gufxe7f6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'concert dance'?","A. A category of dances that have a social function and context. Social dances are intended for participation rather than performance and can be led and followed with relative ease. They are often danced merely to socialise and for entertainment, though they may have ceremonial, competitive and erotic functions. B. A performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin. C. Dances which have developed ""naturally"" as a part of ""everyday"" culture within a particular community. In contrast to the elite and official culture, vernacular dances are usually learned naturally without formal instruction.. D. Dance performed for an audience. It is frequently performed in a theatre setting, though this is not a requirement, and it is usually choreographed and performed to set music.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,concert dance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004374 1_1_bznw14vs,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'salt haze'?","A. A haze created by the presence of finely divided particles of sea salt in the air, usually derived from the evaporation of sea spray. B. Reduced visibility in the atmospheric boundary layer caused by suspended particles of soil, mixed into the air during strong winds. C. A surface current flowing northward along the central axis of the Yellow Sea. D. Particles suspended, reducing visibility by scattering light; often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,salt haze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/SaltHaze 1_1_rg4kjpqa,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cranium'?","A. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. B. Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. C. Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). D. The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cranium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003128 1_1_klk3rf9j,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sedimentary rock'?","A. Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [Wikipedia] B. One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution [wicktionary] C. By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma [Wikipedia] D. A mélange is a large scale breccia, a mappable body of rock characterized by a lack of continuous bedding and the inclusion of fragments of rock of all sizes, contained in a fine-grained deformed matrix. The mélange typically consists of a jumble of large blocks of varied lithologies of altered oceanic crustal material and blocks of continental slope sediments in a sheared mudstone matrix. Some larger blocks of rock may be as much as 1 km across. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sedimentary rock,http://sweetontology.net/matrRock/SedimentaryRock 1_1_ny30wx7e,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'müllerian reproductive system tumor'?","A. A tumor that affects the müllerian reproductive system. B. Any of various tumors arising from the ovary. C. A tumor affecting the reproductive system. D. A tumor that affects the wolffian reproductive system.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,müllerian reproductive system tumor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012058 1_1_nxmloqoh,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Delivery_Date'?","A. The date when the competent authorities finalise the document by affixing their signatures to it (e.g. promulgation by the president, signature by the queen etc.) This is the date shown on the document itself: it is an objective element and clearly identifyable. B. The date when the formal act by which a legislative body freezes the document into its final form, it is the time when the document can be said to have begun its existence. C. A static temporal entity captures a single moment in the norm's life that is fixed over time. D. The date when the normative document is published in the official journal designated as the source for making all such documents public and legal.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Delivery_Date,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Delivery_Date 1_1_de8nd9wh,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'flower nectary'?","A. A portion of secretory tissue which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars. B. A nectary occurring on a floral organ or other part of a flower . C. A nectary , not occurring on a floral organ or other part of a flower . D. A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a nectary .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,flower nectary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009056 1_1_6qqoxanw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to shade'?","A. Observe the reaction to shade and rate it. The reaction is estimated by observing the appearance of plants in response to shade B. Observe the reaction to Other nematodes and rate it C. Observe the texture of the storage root skin and rate it D. Observe the reaction to White rust and rate it",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to shade,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000468 1_1_ws02eexm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'PHTslB - Measurement'?","A. NIRS method for whole-grain ash content B. Measure the leaf which subtends the uppermost ear from ligule to apex. C. Standard method for whole-grain iron content. D. Recommended to take multiple plants and measure the height from the base of a plant to the insertion of the first tassel branch, enter the data individually in the FieldBook and calculate the average.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,PHTslB - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000177 1_1_hh1fyapy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'greenhouse'?","A. A human construction which provides regulated climatic conditions for the growth of plants and whose walls and roof are made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass. B. A human construction with extended facilities from which aircraft flight operations take place. C. A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. D. A human construction which is that part of a polling place where voters cast their ballot",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,greenhouse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600087 1_1_c66ngi23,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gender recognition'?","A. a form of relationship or pairing in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or, alternately, only one partner at any one time. B. Legal recognition of a person's gender identity and/or expression. C. A formal acknowledgment of truth, validity, legality, or worthiness of consideration in a given legal system. D. a physiological phenomenon in which the erectile tissue (the penis or the clitoris) becomes enlarged and firm.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gender recognition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003564 1_1_fywgk53l,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'digital signal'?","A. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording. B. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. An analog signal. D. A digital signal",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,digital signal,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/DigitalSignal 1_1_rpgl0bgb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection status'?","A. Cancer that occurs in the stomach. B. places one among the people considered obese, but also fall in the higher end of this category, meaning that gaining even more weight would put one in the danger of classifying as extremely obese C. no symptoms, but HIV was found in patient's bloodstream D. Encounter for other specified aftercare",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection status,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000376 1_1_5m8pipa9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrioventricular septum'?","A. Region of membranous part of interventricular septum which is continuous with the membranous part of interventricular septum proper, the atrioventricular septum and the right fibrous trigone of heart. B. Region of membranous part of interventricular septum which is attached to the right posterior cusp of aortic valve and is continuous with the atrioventricular septum. C. Region of membranous part of interventricular septum, each instance of which is continuous with the membranous part of some interventricular septum proper and is attached to some septal leaflet of tricuspid valve and the right posterior cusp of some aortic valve. D. Anatomical set which has as its direct members cells of same type or of different types.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Atrioventricular septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7136 1_1_h0t63jn2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'null-subject language'?","A. A language in which pronouns cannot be omitted, even when they are pragmatically or grammatically inferable. B. A language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised. C. A language whose grammar permits an independent clause to lack an explicit subject; such a clause is then said to have a null subject. D. A type of linguistic prescription, instead of being a replacement linguistic rule, promotes prioritizing the preferences of those who are being referred to and argues for greater nuance in the language used to describe people and groups of people. Usually placed in contrast to people-first language and identity-first language.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,null-subject language,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009597 1_1_tdn4h21i,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'renal tubulo-interstitial disease processes'?","A. A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and hypokalemia. ~ an inability to concentrate urine due to impaired renal tubule response to vasopressin (ADH), which leads to excretion of large amounts of dilute urine. B. Ureteral stones are kidney stones that have become stuck in one or both ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) C. the unirary tract is infected and cannot function properly D. acute or chronic inflammation of the renal tubules and interstitium. Acute interstitial nephritis is commonly caused by allergic reactions to drugs, but infection or systemic disease may also precipitate the disease.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,renal tubulo-interstitial disease processes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000165 1_1_yeah7xth,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lateral plasma membrane of polarized cell'?","A. Lateral region of plasma membrane of polarized cell. B. Synovial capsule of joint, which is surrounded by the fibrous capsule of glenohumeral joint. Examples: There are only two synovial capsules of glenohumeral joint. C. Subdivision of auriculotemporal part of head which has its direct parts pinna and external acoustic tube. Examples: Ther are only two external ears. D. Arterial tree organ connected to the right ventricle. Examples: There is only one pulmonary arterial tree (organ).",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lateral plasma membrane of polarized cell,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0326921 1_1_0qqkhbex,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'microsystems engineer'?","A. Plan, develop, or conduct surveys. May analyze and interpret the meaning of survey data, determine survey objectives, or suggest or test question wording. Includes social scientists who primarily design questionnaires or supervise survey teams. B. Research, design, develop, or test microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. C. Teach courses in economics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Conduct research using bioinformatics theory and methods in areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical informatics. May design databases and develop algorithms for processing and analyzing genomic information, or other biological information.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,microsystems engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17219906 1_1_ijitx4xm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuff cone'?","A. A type of volcanic cone formed by the interaction of basaltic magma and water. Smaller and steeper than a tuff ring. B. A steep volcanic cone built by both lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions C. A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. D. A volcanic cone built entirely of loose fragmented material (pyroclastics.)",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,tuff cone,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/TuffCone 1_1_9vbynz1h,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cutting or slicing machine setter, operator, or tender'?","A. Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts, and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work. May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation measures. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material. C. Perform precision assembling or adjusting, within narrow tolerances, of timing devices such as digital clocks or timing devices with electrical or electronic components. D. Control or operate entire chemical processes or system of machines.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"cutting or slicing machine setter, operator, or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51903200 1_1_l9jmuvnr,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transformation'?","A. This class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing and the creation of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing that preserves recognizable substance and structure from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature or identity. Although the old and the new instances of E18 Physical Thing are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E18 Physical Thing(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance and structure. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history. Even though such instances of E81 Transformation are often motivated by a change of intended use, substantial material changes should justify the documentation of the result as a new instance of E18 Physical Thing and not just the change of function. The latter may be documented as an extended activity (instance of E7 Activity) of using it.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the deaths of human beings. If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented as instances of E64 End of Existence.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that bring into existence any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E81 Transformation,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E81_Transformation 1_1_pjugkd6z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'progressive myoclonus epilepsy 1B'?","A. An Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous in the CSTB gene on chromosome 21q22.3. B. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in mutations in the RUNX2 gene which results_in undeveloped or absent located_in clavicle along with delayed closing of fontanels in the located_in skull. C. An Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PRICKLE1 gene on chromosome 12q12. D. A progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by onset between 6 and 13 years of age of action- and stimulus-sensitive myoclonus, tonic-clonic seizures with ataxia, and a mild cognitive decline.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,progressive myoclonus epilepsy 1B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111448 1_1_cqthqsy0,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Society'?","A. A company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal identity from its members, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business. Although some jurisdictions refer to unincorporated entities as companies, in most jurisdictions the term refers only to incorporated entities. B. A legal person as defined in private law C. An organized group of people associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes. D. An autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Society,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Society 1_1_a8tp4y22,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'data about an ontology part'?","A. A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. B. Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term C. The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. D. The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,data about an ontology part,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000102 1_1_pudqxd07,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'acylcholine'?","A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of neural crest formation. Neural crest formation is the formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation proceeds. B. A choline ester formed from choline and a carboxylic acid. C. A derivative of ammonium, NH4(+), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. D. A quaternary ammonium ion based on the choline ion and its substituted derivatives thereof.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,acylcholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35287 1_1_u9ny3f7z,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of dry matter'?","A. Internode Cell Wall Residue content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. B. Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of dry matter C. Main shoot stem cellulose content of dry matter D. None",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Main shoot stem hemicellulose content of dry matter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000735 1_1_sgj5tllx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(2E)-19-hydroxynonadec-2-enoic acid'?","A. Any alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid based on the cinnamic acid skeleton and its substituted derivatives. B. A pentadecenoic acid in which the olefinic double bond is at position 2 and has E configuration. C. A seco-androstane that is hexahydro-1H-indene-1,5(4H)-dione which is substituted at the 7a position by a methyl group and at the 4 position by a 1-carboxy-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxohepta-1,3-dien-7-yl group (the S,S,S-diastereoisomer). D. An omega-hydroxy fatty acid that is 19-hydroxynonadecanoic acid which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a trans double bond at the 2-3 position.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(2E)-19-hydroxynonadec-2-enoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_79180 1_1_91mlp8m3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'abaxial nucellar projection'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis . B. A portion of plant tissue consisting of four microspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. Each cell will give rise to a male gametophyte. C. A plug-like structure formed in the micropylar region of the seed coat. D. A portion of plant tissue that is the abaxial/lower portion of the nucellus overlying vascular strands in a caryopsis fruit .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,abaxial nucellar projection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008009 1_1_gnm8diih,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'subsurface zone of an astronomical body'?","A. An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. B. An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. C. An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. D. An astronomical body part which is part of a marine environment.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,subsurface zone of an astronomical body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001776 1_1_46j7i22t,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'professional antigen presenting cell'?","A. A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. B. A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. C. A B cell that is mature, having left the bone marrow. Initially, these cells are IgM-positive and IgD-positive, and they can be activated by antigen. D. A cell capable of processing and presenting lipid and protein antigens to T cells in order to initiate an immune response.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,professional antigen presenting cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000145 1_1_noor0y3u,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius'?","A. A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition]. B. Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. C. Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. D. Portion of myotome that is dorsal to the horizontal septum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,skeletal muscle tissue of trapezius,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004509 1_1_xrhejmxj,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Story'?","A. A sequence of juxtaposed panels, text, and other pictorial elements. B. A visual frame containing part of a comics sequence. C. A caption containing narration in a comics sequence. D. A comics story.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Story,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Story 1_1_6gp8svx4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'breast implant status'?","A. presence of breast implant B. other specified health condition/status not coded for C. long term use of asipirin D. Persons encountering health services for examinations, Genetic carrier and genetic susceptibility to disease, Resistance to antimicrobial drugs, etc",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,breast implant status,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000594 1_1_fnat1f69,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-pericyclic lateral root primordium'?","A. A lateral root primordium that develops from a portion of plant tissue other than a pericycle and is committed to the development of a non-pericyclic lateral root . B. A root primordium that is part of a root and is committed to the development of a lateral root . C. A branch that is slender and coiling. D. A lateral root primordium that develops from a portion of pericycle tissue and is committed to the development of a pericyclic lateral root .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,non-pericyclic lateral root primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025493 1_1_dn4f6zzz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1(1-)'?","A. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. B. A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of the proton from the carboxy group of prostaglandin A2. C. A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF1alpha, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. Conjugate base of 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57401 1_1_t1o3m28t,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes '3-hydroxybutyric acid'?","A. A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics. B. A gamma-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent. C. A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that has a hydroxy group beta to the carboxy group. D. A hydroxy fatty acid that is a straight-chain fatty acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon adjacent to the terminal methyl group (i.e. at the (omega-1) position) is replaced by a hydroxy group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,3-hydroxybutyric acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_20067 1_1_1gce1lwr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete gene expression analysis'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete gene expression analysis,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000553 1_1_ryeo828j,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'walker circulation'?","A. A zonal circulation of the atmosphere confined to equatorial regions and driven principally by the oceanic temperature gradient. In the Pacific, air flows westward from the colder, eastern area to the warm, western ocean, where it acquires warmth and moisture and subsequently rises. A return flow aloft and subsidence over the eastern ocean complete the cell B. In meteorology, the flow of air along a latitude circle; more specifically, the latitudinal (east or west) component of existing flow. C. Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. D. The wind system, occupying most of the Tropics, that blows from the subtropical highs toward the equatorial trough; a major component of the general circulation of the atmosphere.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,walker circulation,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/WalkerCirculation 1_1_9mvcxovf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'team assembler'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such as heat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuum equipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or plastic objects. B. Work as part of a team having responsibility for assembling an entire product or component of a product. Team assemblers can perform all tasks conducted by the team in the assembly process and rotate through all or most of them, rather than being assigned to a specific task on a permanent basis. May participate in making management decisions affecting the work. Includes team leaders who work as part of the team. C. Stand watch to look for obstructions in path of vessel, measure water depth, turn wheel on bridge, or use emergency equipment as directed by captain, mate, or pilot. Break out, rig, overhaul, and store cargo-handling gear, stationary rigging, and running gear. Perform a variety of maintenance tasks to preserve the painted surface of the ship and to maintain line and ship equipment. Must hold government-issued certification and tankerman certification when working aboard liquid-carrying vessels. Includes able seamen and ordinary seamen. D. Maintain order among students on a school bus. Duties include helping students safely board and exit and communicating behavioral problems. May perform pretrip and posttrip inspections and prepare for and assist in emergency evacuations.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,team assembler,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51209200 1_1_fln0urhf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of neuroblast migration'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuroblast migration. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of neuroblast migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061853 1_1_eyup4z36,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'hogesoppu'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants (caffeine, ginseng), taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form tablets. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,hogesoppu,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000964 1_1_6jvw2upc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'necrosis entity'?","A. An exostosis, also known as bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.[1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion. It is most commonly found in places like the ribs, where small bone growths form, but sometimes larger growths can grow on places like the ankles, knees, shoulders, elbows and hips. Very rarely are they on the skull. B. is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia include: Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent. C. Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts. This is not to be confused with the so-called ""pseudocystic appearance"", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst[1] of the jaws. D. a necrotic object",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,necrosis entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000120 1_1_7dkeitaz,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'ganglion of ciliary nerve'?","A. The ganglion associated with the lingual nerve that provides postsynaptic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands. B. Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. C. Any of the parasympathetic ganglia of the cardiac plexus between the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. D. Any parasympathetic ganglion that extends fibers into the short ciliary nerve. Includes both the main and acccessory ciliary ganglia.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,ganglion of ciliary nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035783 1_1_9l9zgykc,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'killing of cells of another organism'?","A. The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte. B. Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. D. Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,killing of cells of another organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031640 1_1_x42c3v3y,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of dysprosium in water ice'?","A. The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. B. The concentration of methane when measured in liquid water. C. The concentration of dysprosium when measured in water ice. D. The concentration of niobium when measured in lake water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of dysprosium in water ice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200024 1_1_htw23b80,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legume fruit projected area'?","A. The average color of a legume fruit or group of legume fruits from a plant, expressed as a vector of float values in the color model of choice such as RGB or HSV. B. The height of a plant, plot, or group of plants when measured from the soil surface to the growing apex or average growing apex of the plant(s). C. The current growth stage of a plant or the average growth stage of a group of plants or plot D. The area of a legume fruit as projected onto the 2-D surface of the image plane.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Legume fruit projected area,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0001035 1_1_9uve1gmd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'marriage or family therapist'?","A. Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of underground and surface waters; and study the form and intensity of precipitation and its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement through the earth, and return to the ocean and atmosphere. B. Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders. C. Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Research and analyze policy developments related to climate change. Make climate-related recommendations for actions such as legislation, awareness campaigns, or fundraising approaches.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,marriage or family therapist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21101300 1_1_uz4z4lxa,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acquired coagulation factor deficiency'?","A. a bleeding disorder caused by circulating anticoagulants (autoantibodies that neutralize specific clotting) B. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood. C. abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood. D. Deficiency of a coagulation factor (proteins in the blood that help control bleeding) that is not caused by genetic alterations. Causes include vitamin k deficiency, amyloidosis, and severe liver disease.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acquired coagulation factor deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000297 1_1_klyuktiu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'internal boundary layer'?","A. A layer within the atmosphere bounded below by the surface, and above by a more or less sharp discontinuity in some atmospheric property. Internal boundary layers are associated with the horizontal advection of air across a discontinuity in some property of the surface (e.g., aerodynamic roughness length or surface heat flux) and can be viewed as layers in which the atmosphere is adjusting to new surface properties. See thermal internal boundary layer, mechanical internal boundary layer. B. For flow over a hill, the top layer in the boundary layer that accelerates relative to its upstream value due to the Bernoulli effect. C. The middle portion of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer characterized by weak sporadic turbulence and initially uniformly mixed potential temperature and pollutants remaining from the mixed layer of the previous day. D. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,internal boundary layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoBoundaryLayer/InternalBoundaryLayer 1_1_de1lihha,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epicardium of right ventricle'?","A. Epicardium of ventricle which is attached to the myocardium of right ventricle. B. Epicardium of ventricle which is attached to the myocardium of left ventricle. C. Auditory ossicle, each instance of which is some ossicle, shaped like a stirrup, articulates by its head with some incus and its base is inserted into some oval window (fenestra vestibuli). D. Anatomical transverse plane bounded by right inferior orbital margin, left orbital inferior margin, superior margin of right external acoustic meatus and superior margin of left external acoustic meatus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Epicardium of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9534 1_1_iv05l6ud,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'media or communication equipment worker, all other'?","A. A skill realized in understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. B. Collaborate with field and biology staff to oversee the implementation of restoration projects and to develop new products. Process and synthesize complex scientific data into practical strategies for restoration, monitoring or management. C. All media and communication equipment workers not listed separately. D. Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual members.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"media or communication equipment worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27409900 1_1_tsvj5nlv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ehlers-Danlos syndrome musculocontractural type 2'?","A. An Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PRDM5 gene on chromosome 4q27. B. An Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that is characterized by hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints, and tissue fragility and that has_material_basis_in omozygous or heterozygous mutation in the tenascin-XB gene (TNXB) on chromosome 6p21. C. An Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the zinc transporter gene SLC39A13 on chromosome 11p11 and that is characterized by short stature, hyperelastic skin and hypermobile joints, protuberant eyes with bluish sclerae, finely wrinkled palms, and characteristic radiologic features. D. An Ehlers-Danlos syndrome that is characterized by progressive multisystem fragility-related manifestations, including joint dislocations and deformities; skin hyperextensibility, bruisability, and fragility, with recurrent large subcutaneous hematomas; cardiac valvular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and ophthalmologic complications; and myopathy, featuring muscle hypoplasia, muscle weakness, and an abnormal muscle fiber pattern in histology in adulthood, resulting in gross motor developmental delay and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the DSE gene on chromosome 6q22.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Ehlers-Danlos syndrome musculocontractural type 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080737 1_1_nr9llcsk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein O-linked fucosylation'?","A. The process of transferring a fucosyl group to a serine or threonine residues in a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage. B. The glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen. C. The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine. D. The glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein O-linked fucosylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036066 1_1_fnc1ft4x,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'coordinate transformation'?","A. Level of free convection B. A cloud forming in maritime air containing relatively low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. These clouds are characterized by a broader droplet size distribution and low droplet concentrations (some 100 cm-3). See continental cloud. C. Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. The term combines the words ‘feldspar’ and ‘silica.’ Felsic minerals are usually light in color and have specific gravities less than 3. Common felsic minerals include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. The most common felsic rock is granite. On the opposite side of the rock spectrum are the iron and magnesium-rich mafic and ultramafic minerals and rocks. [Wikipedia] D. A conversion from one coordinate system to another, for example to a common spatial grid.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,coordinate transformation,http://sweetontology.net/reprDataServiceGeospatial/CoordinateTransformation 1_1_xswqfu1r,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seurat'?","A. This program may be used to read out image data from all scanners of the FujiFilm BAS series (BAS1000, BAS1500, BAS1800, BAS2000, BAS2500, BAS3000, BAS5000) and the FujiFilm FLA scanners (FLA-2000, FLA-3000). B. These scripts are for primer design and initial microarray data processing and are available as .zip files: C. Seurat is an R package designed for QC, analysis, and exploration of single-cell RNA-seq data. Seurat aims to enable users to identify and interpret sources of heterogeneity from single-cell transcriptomic measurements, and to integrate diverse types of single-cell data. D. RNA-SeQC is a java program which computes a series of quality control metrics for RNA-seq data. The input can be one or more BAM files. The output consists of HTML reports and tab delimited files of metrics data. This program can be valuable for comparing sequencing quality across different samples or experiments to evaluate different experimental parameters. It can also be run on individual samples as a means of quality control before continuing with downstream analysis.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Seurat,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100130 1_1_6zowwr13,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper pole of spleen'?","A. Long bone, each instance of which articulates with some tarsal bone and phalanx of toe. B. Zone of spleen located at its superior end. Examples: There is only one upper pole of spleen. C. Zone of spleen located at its inferior end. Examples: There is only one lower pole of spleen. D. Outflow part of ventricle which is continuous with the aorta.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Upper pole of spleen,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15834 1_1_u9oheeci,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'helpers--electrician'?","A. Help electricians by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. B. Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu. C. Apply or release chemical solutions or toxic gases and set traps to kill or remove pests and vermin that infest buildings and surrounding areas. D. Perform any combination of tasks in a United States Postal Service (USPS) post office, such as receive letters and parcels; sell postage and revenue stamps, postal cards, and stamped envelopes; fill out and sell money orders; place mail in pigeon holes of mail rack or in bags; and examine mail for correct postage. Includes postal service clerks employed by USPS contractors.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,helpers--electrician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47301300 1_1_fsbaderh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'octan-2-ol'?","A. A sesquiterpene lactonethat is 2,3-dihydroaromaticin substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 6. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis. B. A triterpenoid that is (1S)-2,2-dimethyl-4-methylidenecyclohexanol which is substituted at position 3 by a (6E,10E,14E)-2,6,10,15-tetramethylheptadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraen-17-yl group. It was the first monocyclic triterpenoid found in nature and originally isolated from Achillea odorata. C. An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 2. D. Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,octan-2-ol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37869 1_1_9p1ptyyu,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lupulin gland'?","A. A glandular trichome that synthesizes terpenophenolic resins and prenylflavonoids. B. A trichome that secretes or sequesters a portion of plant substance . C. An inflorescence that includes as part only staminate flowers . D. A shoot system that has as parts a short, enlarged stem in which the shoot internodes do not elongate, and one or more buds .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lupulin gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005030 1_1_hduco5xt,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = acetaldehyde + pyruvate. B. Catalysis of the reaction: (3R)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA. C. Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3R)-3-hydroxybutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate = pyruvate + succinate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate = 4-aminobenzoate + H+ + pyruvate.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008696 1_1_vcvv66fu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'paraphilic hypersexual disorder'?","A. Any of various disorders primarily characterized by voyeurism. B. A disorder characterized by sexual hyperactivity which is paraphilic in nature. C. A disorder characterized by sexual hyperactivity which is not paraphilic in nature. D. Any of various disorders primarily characterized by frotteurism.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,paraphilic hypersexual disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001870 1_1_3a1ousn8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'buccal fat pad'?","A. The Buccal fat pad is one of several encapsulated fat masses in the cheek. It is a deep fat pad located on either side of the face between the buccinator muscle and several more superficial muscles. It should not be confused with the malar fat pad, which is directly below the skin of the cheek. It should also not be confused with jowl fat pads. It is implicated in the formation of hollow cheeks and the nasolabial fold, but not in the formation of jowls. B. Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified]. C. A mass of closely packed fat cells (adipose tissue) surrounded by fibrous tissue septa[TMD]. D. The encapsulated adipose tissue in the abdomen.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,buccal fat pad,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012167 1_1_q9rxpp45,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unspecified'?","A. Abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding) B. Loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities in an Alzheimer's patient C. A stomach bug or stomach flu D. Bleeding from the gastric wall.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000510 1_1_p9zwfz6m,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Occipital encephalocele'?","A. Cranium bifidum occultum, also known as Catlin mark, is a congenital midline skull defect presenting as an enlarged posterior fontanelle in the upper posterior angle of the parietal bone close to the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures. Cranium bifidum occultum occurs due to a defect in intramembranous ossification, a process through which skull bones (frontal, parietal, squamous temporal and occipital bones superior to the mendosal suture) ossify under a vascularized membrane toward the midline to cover the brain. Unlike cranium bifidum cysticum, cranium bifidum occultum does not have herniation of intracranial contents. As the skull grows, the midline cranium bifidum occultum defect is separated into bilateral enlarged parietal foramina (EPF) by a midline osseous bridge. B. A neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. C. An encephalocele located between bregma and lambda. D. A type of encephalocele (that is, a a protrusion of part of the cranial contents including brain tissue through a congenital opening in the cranium, typically covered with skin or mucous membrane) in the occipital region of the skull. Occipital encephalocele presents as a midline swelling over the occipital bone. It is usually covered with normal full-thickness scalp.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Occipital encephalocele,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002085 1_1_pf7r17a5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'rock cycle'?","A. The process of depositing material by water, wind, or glaciers. B. The tectonic phenomena is the observable motions of the tectonic plates in the Earth's Lithosphere. [Wikipedia] C. Fluvial is used in geography and earth science to refer to the processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them [Wikipedia] D. The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,rock cycle,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/RockCycle 1_1_865m1w2c,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'rosette growth stage'?","A. Rosette has reached approximately 20% of its final diameter. B. The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant. C. Stages of growth based on expansion of the rosette in Arabidopsis. D. The stage at which vegetative structures are being produced by SAM.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,rosette growth stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007113 1_1_rgmjr9jj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cell'?","A. A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression (CD123-positive) from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection. B. A plasmacytoid dendritic cell developing in the thymus with phenotype CD11c-negative or low, CD45RA-positive, CD11b-negative, and CD123-positive. C. CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte is CD11c-negative, CD45RA-positive, CD85g-positive(ILT7), CD123-positive, CD303-positive. D. CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte that is CD11c-low, CD45R-positive, GR1-positive and CD11b-negative.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,thymic plasmacytoid dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000942 1_1_nscyujj5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'included vascular cambium'?","A. A portion of vascular cambium that develops from a procambium in a vascular bundle that is part of a shoot system . B. Cambium occurring within xylem. C. A cambium that is located between and gives rise to secondary xylem and secondary phloem . D. A vascular cambium that is part of a root .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,included vascular cambium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004523 1_1_6lw24vmq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myotendinous region of muscle organ'?","A. Zone of muscle organ where fascial sheath of muscle tissue forms tendon. B. Branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which arises from the proximal part of the anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery and crosses over the top of the conus arteriosus and the base of the anterior cusp of the pulmonary artery and supplies the outflow part of the right ventricle. C. Myotendinous region of muscle organ at site of origin. D. Myotendinous region of muscle organ at site of insertion.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myotendinous region of muscle organ,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma319211 1_1_dg71oxud,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed yield per plot - Method'?","A. Determination of Sodium content by using nitric acid digestion method (AAS & ICP-OES) at vegetative stage B. Count 100 well-developed whole air-dried seeds and weigh C. Using SPAD chlorophyll meter D. Weight of seed harvested from each plot",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed yield per plot - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000101 1_1_mi6vaznb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'prediabetes'?","A. Abnormal findings on diagnostic imaging of lung B. tests on the patients liver have given results that are abnormal C. Prediabetes is when your blood sugar level is higher than it should be but not high enough for your doctor to diagnose diabetes D. Uncommon severe weight loss for an unspecified cause",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,prediabetes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000425 1_1_j4bhck39,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage'?","A. Bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. B. bleeding into the space between the surface of the brain, or pia mater, and the arachnoid, one of three coverings of the brain C. Epilepsy with complex partial seizures and focal EEG abnoralities D. a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000564 1_1_wzcjvj9x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'surface of cartilage'?","A. An anatomical surface that is part of a tongue. B. Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. C. An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. D. An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,surface of cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008115 1_1_bwruuxkg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot system meristem'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a shoot system . B. A portion of meristem tissue directly beneath a meristem L1 layer in a shoot apical meristem which gives rise to ground tissue . C. A portion of meristem tissue which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. D. A portion of meristem tissue that is committed to the development of a root primordium .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot system meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006079 1_1_sl2s3g7t,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Interfilar connective tissue of tricuspid valve'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the anterior cusp of aortic valve to the wall of heart. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of areolar connective tissue that is connected together by the intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve. C. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which connects the anterior filum coronarium to the posterior filum coronarium of tricuspid valve anulus. D. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of mitral valve together.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Interfilar connective tissue of tricuspid valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85227 1_1_430680t4,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'peeler'?","A. A hand tool for domestic use, especially in the kitchen. B. A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion. C. A hand tool for making rotational adjustments. D. A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,peeler,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501267 1_1_sh4bae0y,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biological technician'?","A. Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or physical activities such as those designed to improve cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility. B. Assist biological and medical scientists. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments, collect data and samples, make observations, and calculate and record results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs. C. Design underground or overhead wind farm collector systems and prepare and develop site specifications. D. Plan, coordinate, revise, or edit written material. May review proposals and drafts for possible publication.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,biological technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19402100 1_1_gnzhpi03,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pulmonary arterial tree'?","A. Arterial tree (organ) connected to the left ventricle. Examples: There is only one systemic arterial tree (organ). B. Arterial tree organ connected to the right ventricle. Examples: There is only one pulmonary arterial tree (organ). C. Blood vessel tree organ, the organ parts of which are arteries. Examples: There are only two canonical types, systemic arterial tree (organ) and pulmonary arterial tree (organ). D. Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pulmonary arterial tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45842 1_1_fara95a3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'forebrain'?","A. The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. B. The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. C. A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. D. Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,forebrain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001890 1_1_8bqx37wt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lake with an anoxic hypolimnion'?","A. A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. B. A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. C. A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. D. A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lake with an anoxic hypolimnion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001073 1_1_3fs04kyc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lovastatin'?","A. An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline B. A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. C. Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. D. A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,lovastatin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40303 1_1_gti1jg0o,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obstructive jaundice'?","A. A cholestasis characterized by yellowish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels resulting from biliary tract obstruction. B. A cholestasis characterized by impairment of the bile flow caused by obstruction located_in liver. C. A cholestasis characterized by blockage of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder. D. A cholestasis resulting from causes located_in bile ducts outside the liver.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obstructive jaundice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13603 1_1_2glsvwgp,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'zone of maximum precipitation'?","A. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. B. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. C. The elevation band on a mountain or orographic barrier that receives the greatest precipitation for a seasonal or annual average. D. A maximum in large-particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,zone of maximum precipitation,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoWeather/ZoneOfMaximumPrecipitation 1_1_umwps2cw,"In the ontology of Chemical Information, which of the following definitions best describes 'cis-trans stereochemical descriptor'?","A. Descriptors which show the relationship between two ligands attached to separate atoms that are connected by a double bond or are contained in a ring. The two ligands are said to be located cis to each other if they lie on the same side of a plane. If they are on opposite sides, their relative position is described as trans. The appropriate reference plane of a double bond is perpendicular to that of the relevant s-bonds and passes through the double bond.[source:IUPAC Gold Book - http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01092.html] B. An information entity which is about a polyatomic molecular entity. C. A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. D. Chemical substance constitutes matter of constant composition, that may contain a collection of molecular entities. [IUPAC: http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01039.html]",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_information_ontology,cis-trans stereochemical descriptor,http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000080 1_1_q7ewmhs8,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ampere'?","A. Unit of pressures often used in meteorology. One hectopascal is equivalent to one millibar; one standard atmosphere is exactly equal to 1013.25 hPa. One hectopascal corresponds to about 0.1% of atmospheric pressure near sea level (Wikipedia). B. A base unit is a unit that is not naturally decomposed into other units. C. The angstrom is a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre. D. The ampere is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units.",D,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Ampere,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Ampere 1_1_4ln92rkn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'common cardinal vein'?","A. Small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995. Kupffer's vesicle has been compared to the mouse embryonic node. Drummond et al, 2005. B. Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo[BTO]. C. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. D. Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,common cardinal vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002064 1_1_4st8txf0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'membrane bone'?","A. A bone that is part of a cranium. B. A bone that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition]. C. Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. D. Membrane bone that is fused to supracleithrum and is jointed to basioccipital and exoccipital.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,membrane bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007842 1_1_eaold57e,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'visual color discrimination'?","A. The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. B. The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness. C. The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. D. The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,visual color discrimination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000107 1_1_dmocg9rs,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal caretaker'?","A. Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias. B. Set up, operate, or tend more than one type of cutting or forming machine tool or robot. C. Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing. D. Feed, water, groom, bathe, exercise, or otherwise provide care to promote and maintain the well-being of pets and other animals that are not raised for consumption, such as dogs, cats, race horses, ornamental fish or birds, zoo animals, and mice. Work in settings such as kennels, animal shelters, zoos, circuses, and aquariums. May keep records of feedings, treatments, and animals received or discharged. May clean, disinfect, and repair cages, pens, or fish tanks.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,animal caretaker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39202100 1_1_v1wcyodb,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'pride'?","A. A positive emotion associated with the appraisal of one's positive social worth, a signal that one is likely to be socially accepted. [Source: OCEAS] B. An unpleasant emotion closely related to anger but lower in intensity and without the moral dimension of blame and seriousness that is implicated in anger. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion is an emotion that has a negative valence. D. A negative emotion felt when an event is appraised as unpleasant and resulting in loss or failure.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,pride,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000041 1_1_43sca47o,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot-borne root primordium'?","A. A root primordium that is part of a root and is committed to the development of a lateral root . B. A primordium that develops from a root anlagen and is committed to the development of a root . C. A root primordium that is committed to the development of a shoot-borne root . D. A root primordium that is committed to the development of a basal root .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot-borne root primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025480 1_1_z7u4pi3b,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'problem related to social environment'?","A. when immune system reacts to a foreign substance or food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people B. patient has vascular implants/grafts C. Problem related to social environment D. financial problems related to housing or general economic standing",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,problem related to social environment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000371 1_1_cc4nyxfb,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gamma-secretase inhibitor'?","A. An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the action of nitric oxide synthase, EC 1.14.13.39. B. An enzyme inhibitor that inhibits the activity of gamma-secretase. C. A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. D. An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,gamma-secretase inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74925 1_1_x2voyra6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Interalveolar septum of maxilla'?","A. Has_part relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary. B. Periodontium that connects a secondary tooth to the mandible. C. Fiat anatomical line of skull representing width of mandible at gonial angles. D. Zone of alveolar part of maxilla, each instance of which is a partition between some maxillary tooth sockets.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Interalveolar septum of maxilla,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59490 1_1_l6loizrl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dTDP-D-fucose(2-)'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3. B. Dianion of UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate function. C. Major species at pH 7.3. D. Dianion of dTDP-D-fucose arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dTDP-D-fucose(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58172 1_1_gq2247uk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'trunk bone'?","A. A skeletal muscle organ that is part of the trunk region. B. A taste bud that is located on the skin of the trunk. C. A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. D. Short bones are designated as those bones that are as wide as they are long. Their primary function is to provide support and stability with little to no movement. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Examples of these bones include the tarsals in the foot and the carpals in the hand.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,trunk bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003463 1_1_c1q80qvk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete GenePix Pro 6 [Axon Instruments]'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete GenePix Pro 6 [Axon Instruments],http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000186 1_1_xwsu85cf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'talc dust'?","A. Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles. B. Dust which is derived from coal. C. Dust which is primarily composed of slate particles. D. Dust which is primarily composed of hydrated magnesium silicate (talc) particles.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,talc dust,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001285 1_1_6ow3dx5p,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ctc'?","A. Rtreemix is a package that offers an environment for estimating the mutagenetic trees mixture models from cross-sectional data and using them for various predictions. It includes functions for fitting the trees mixture models, likelihood computations, model comparisons, waiting time estimations, stability analysis, etc. B. Base classes, functions, and methods for representation of high-throughput, short-read sequencing data. C. Tools for export and import classification trees and clusters to other programs D. The bioDist package contains some distance functions that have been shown to be useful in a number of dierent biological or bioinformatic problems. The return values are typically instances of the S3 class dist.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ctc,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000512 1_1_qyved7rw,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'contempt'?","A. Interest is a positive emotion which motivates learning, exploration and curiosity. Feelings of interest are associated with the novelty and complexity of stimuli. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion felt when an event is appraised as unpleasant and resulting in loss or failure. C. A negative emotion generally elicited by the negative evaluation of others and their actions. Usually elicited by violations of community codes. Closely related to anger and disgust. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative self-evaluative emotion that occurs when a person brings about a negative outcome by acts of commission or omission that violate internal or external moral standards.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,contempt,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000018 1_1_om89685x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'olfactory tubercle'?","A. Subcortical nucleus of telencephalic , which together with the caudate nucleus, forms the striatum. The putamen lies lateral to the internal capsule and medial to the external medullary lamina, and is separated from the caudate nucleus by the fibers of the internal capsule for most of its length, except at its anterior portion. B. A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. C. Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. (Maryann Martone). D. One of the seven small groups of granule cells in the polymorph layer of the olfactory tubercle and one large group, the insula magna, which lies along the border between septum, nucleus accumbens and nucleus of the diagonal band.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,olfactory tubercle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001883 1_1_rvnusjcb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Striga tolerance - Method'?","A. Count the number of nodal tillers B. Number of striger counted per plot C. Record the number of grain-bearing panicles in the plot actually harvested D. Count the number of infected hills in the plot at time of scoring downy mildew incidence",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Striga tolerance - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_327:0000115 1_1_8mqbr789,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'adult locomotory behavior'?","A. The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. B. Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. C. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus. D. The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,adult locomotory behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008344 1_1_pbppcviy,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Disorders of visual cortex'?","A. Diseases and conditions affecting the eyes B. a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses. C. an eye disorder that involves a layer of blood vessels called the choroid. D. A blood that is part of a artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Disorders of visual cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000068 1_1_thwyjxp4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Disruption of external operation (surgical) wound, not elsewhere classified'?","A. Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound. B. Development of hypothyroidism (when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough of crucial hormones) following surgery C. Infection in the body found after a procedure D. A nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction caused by trauma causing pericardial effusion; high titers of anti-heart antibodies; low-grade fever; lethargy; loss of appetite; or abdominal pain.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Disruption of external operation (surgical) wound, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000143 1_1_4ort34sp,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'surge'?","A. A ring-shaped cloud of gas and suspended solid debris that moves radially outward at high velocity as a density flow from the base of a vertical eruption column accompanying a volcanic eruption or crater formation. B. A mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle. As the heads of mantle plumes can partly melt when they reach shallow depths, they are thought to be the cause of volcanic centers known as hotspots and probably also to have caused flood basalts. [Wikipedia] C. An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia] D. A fjord (or fiord) is a long, narrow estuary with steep sides, made when a glacial valley is filled by rising sea water levels. The seeds of a fjord are laid when a glacier cuts a U-shaped valley through abrasion of the surrounding bedrock by the sediment it carries. Many such valleys were formed during recent ice age when the sea was at a much lower level than it is today. At the end of the ice age, the climate warmed up again and glaciers retreated. Sea level rose due to an influx of water from melting ice sheets and glaciers around the world (it rose over 100 m after the last ice age), inundating the vacated valleys with seawater to form fjords.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,surge,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolVolcano/Surge 1_1_f4ke253f,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(3Z,6Z)-dodecadienoyl-CoA(4-)'?","A. A polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (3Z,6Z)-dodecadienoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. B. A polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (11Z,14Z,17Z,20Z)-hexacosatetraenoyl-CoA. C. A trans-3-enoyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of trans-dec-3-enoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. D. A polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of 5-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(3Z,6Z)-dodecadienoyl-CoA(4-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78550 1_1_61j0dapk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Plant earliness'?","A. Observe the reaction to Other nematodes and rate it B. Observe the reaction to Other insects and rate it C. Observe the plant earliness and rate it. Estimation of earliness of new vine production D. Observe the leaf lobe type and rate it. Described from leaves located in the middle section of the vine",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Plant earliness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:2000011 1_1_cee32av8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'form agnosia'?","A. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to acknowledge objects in the neglected field that are visible when a mirror reflects the object visible in the non-neglected field. B. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize musical notes, rhythms, and intervals. C. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish the fingers on the hand. D. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive a whole object while perceiving only parts of details.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,form agnosia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060142 1_1_mhk8lebl,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'plasma cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody. B. The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA). C. The process in which a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL). D. The process in which a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,plasma cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002317 1_1_rwma8bvm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'aorta morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of the pulmonary artery are generated and organized. The pulmonary artery is the artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle. D. The process in which the anatomical structure of a renal artery is generated and organized. Renal arteries supply the kidneys with blood.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,aorta morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035909 1_1_41fjini2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'post-embryonic organism'?","A. Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes. B. A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. C. A multicellular organism that existence_starts_with a post-embryonic stage. D. Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,post-embryonic organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009953 1_1_2oakl4sw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'oceanic subsurface zone'?","A. A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. B. Regions of a planet which are not exposed to the planet's atmosphere or space, often comprising parts of one or more planetary structural layers. C. A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. D. A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,oceanic subsurface zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001045 1_1_k61mbj4k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deep investing fascia of abdomen'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by nasion and gnathion; traverses entire vertical height of face. B. Subdivision of interventricular septum which is supplied by the posterior septal branch of anterior interventricular artery and the posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery. C. Discrete temporal embryo between 47-49 days postovulation. D. Zone of abdominal fascia, each instance of which is a deep fascia investing some musculature of the anterior abdominal wall.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Deep investing fascia of abdomen,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76761 1_1_obzakese,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Anterograde amnesia'?","A. a decrease in your normal sensations in the skin such as touch or temperature B. Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact. C. An inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable. D. an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Anterograde amnesia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000118 1_1_lvcr51ph,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxapenam'?","A. A fused-ring beta-lactam system where the beta-lactam ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazolidine ring. B. An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound. C. An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic that contains a beta-lactam ring. D. A member of the class of azabicycloalkanes that is 1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one substituted at positions 3 and 6 by (2-aminoethyl)thio and methyl groups respectively.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,oxapenam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64509 1_1_71nb5tlc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root formation'?","A. The extent to which storage root has formed, taking shape. Related to early bulking B. Weight of leaf C. Compatibility for use in intercroping. D. Plant growth/vigor of the plant.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root formation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0003231 1_1_liaku9o5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of miRNA processing'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pre-microRNA processing. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microRNA processing. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of miRNA processing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903799 1_1_aqchrlzw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tassel inflorescence axillary meristem'?","A. Meristem that gives rise to the apical and lateral structures of the tassel inflorescence in maize. B. An inflorescence axillary meristem that gives rise to the long lateral tassel branch , short tassel branch , and tassel spikelets in a tassel inflorescence . C. An inflorescence axillary meristem that gives rise to a higher order inflorescence axis of an ear inflorescence . D. Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize tassel spikelets.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tassel inflorescence axillary meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009107 1_1_43h10ar2,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'canyon wind'?","A. The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls. B. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. C. A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope. D. A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,canyon wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/CanyonWind 1_1_s1ozzobb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'glasses fetishism'?","A. A sexual fetish that revolves around a fixation upon a particular article or type of clothing, a particular fashion or uniform, or a person dressed in such a style. B. A fetishistic attraction to people wearing form fitting stretch fabrics or to the wearing of items of clothing made of such material. Spandex garments are often worn by swimmers, ballet dancers, wrestlers, rowers, cyclists, contortionists and circus performers, and spandex fetishists may incorporate fantasies about these activities into their particular fetish. C. A fetishistic attraction to people wearing prescription glasses, or a partner wearing prescription glasses, sunglasses, or cosmetic contact lenses, or the fetishists themselves wearing any of these glasses. D. A sexual fetishism relating to undergarments, and refers to preoccupation with the sexual excitement of certain types of underwear, including panties, stockings, pantyhose, bras, or other items.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,glasses fetishism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001311 1_1_qz23aqwl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete gcrma'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete gcrma,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000547 1_1_xrepqv49,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'guttenburg discontinuity'?","A. A rift is a place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart[1] and is an example of extensional tectonics. [Wikipedia] B. The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. it is often a broad zone where the plate interactions are not well understood. [Wikipedia] C. The core-mantle boundary. This discontinuity is due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core. P-wave velocities are much slower in the outer core than in the deep mantle while S-waves do not exist at all in the liquid portion of the core. Corresponds to top of D``. [Wikipedia] D. The Galapagos Triple Junction is a geological area in the eastern Pacific Ocean several hundred miles west of the Galapagos Islands where three tectonic plates - the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate - meet. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,guttenburg discontinuity,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/GuttenburgDiscontinuity 1_1_0ioi2bdc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cilazapril'?","A. A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. B. A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. C. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. D. An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cilazapril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3698 1_1_ch0us1iw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'individual-level relative harmfulness to health of a product'?","A. A data item which is about the amount of cigarette smoking a person does and is the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by a person over a period. B. A data item that is about how many times the person has attempted to stop tobacco smoking in the past year. C. A data item that is about the amount of harm to health caused by an individual using a product relative to other products. D. A data item describing how often a person has engaged in a binge drinking session within the past 30 days.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,individual-level relative harmfulness to health of a product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000187 1_1_hyvez3bf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lunar rainbow'?","A. A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. B. A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. C. A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. D. A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lunar rainbow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001005 1_1_u4882n9a,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tRNA (guanine(10)-N2)-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine46 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = N7-methylguanosine46 in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. B. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenylethanolamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylphenylethanolamine. D. Catalysis of the reaction: guanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + N(2)-methylguanosine(10) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tRNA (guanine(10)-N2)-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0160102 1_1_js6rj86v,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'economist'?","A. Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles. B. Teach courses in forestry and conservation science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods. D. Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,economist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19301100 1_1_jj5lwffn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'intersex-related video game'?","A. Theatre pertaining especially to intersex persons and/or culture. B. Periodical pertaining especially to intersex people and/or culture. C. Any of various video games which feature intersex characters as playable characters, as major characters essential to advancing the plot, or gameplay explorations of intersex conditions and life. D. Any of various video games which feature lesbian characters as playable characters, as major characters essential to advancing the plot, or gameplay explorations of female homosexuality.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,intersex-related video game,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004333 1_1_cvughwkg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum'?","A. Cardiac muscle tissue which consists of the interatrial fasciculus and the fibrocollagenous sheath that separates the right from the left cardiac atrium. B. Vitreous humor which constitutes the vitreous body proper of the eye. C. Cardiac muscle tissue which consists of the interventricular fasciculus and the fibrocollagenous sheath that separates the right from the left cardiac ventricle. D. Anchored anatonical plane which bounds oral stoma.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardiac muscle tissue of interventricular septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84084 1_1_wa44l8d6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'urban pollution'?","A. A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. B. A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. C. An environmental pollution process during which contaminants derived from agricultural activity are released into an environmental system. D. A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,urban pollution,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500044 1_1_rallfqp6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'ectodermal cell'?","A. A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo. B. A cell which moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium. C. A pigment cell derived from the neural crest. Contains melanin-filled pigment granules, which gives a brown to black appearance. D. A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,ectodermal cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000221 1_1_m6s8yxxc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'BioMVCClass''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'BioMVCClass',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000068 1_1_bc8p4aoe,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell'?","A. A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. B. Conventional dendritic cell is a dendritic cell that is CD11c-high. C. CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell is a conventional dendritic cell that is CD11b-negative, CD4-negative and is CD205-positive and CD8-alpha-positive. D. Immature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD80-low and CD86-low.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,CD8-alpha-positive CD11b-negative dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001000 1_1_lb32n174,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'viral budding from plasma membrane'?","A. A viral budding that starts with formation of a membrane curvature in the host ER membrane. B. A viral budding that starts with formation of a curvature in the host plasma membrane around which the virion particle assembles. C. Viral budding which uses a host ESCRT protein complex, or complexes, to mediate the budding process. D. A viral process by which enveloped viruses acquire a host-derived membrane enriched in viral proteins to form their external envelope. The process starts when nucleocapsids, assembled or in the process of being built, induce formation of a membrane curvature in the host plasma or organelle membrane and wrap up in the forming bud. The process ends when the bud is eventually pinched off by membrane scission to release the enveloped particle into the lumenal or extracellular space.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,viral budding from plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046761 1_1_uqi0xtw0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone element'?","A. Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. B. A(n) basal cell that is cycling. C. A papilla that contain taste buds, including the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae. D. Organism substance that is composed of sperm cells suspended in seminal fluid.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bone element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001474 1_1_d95d96ng,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'drag artist'?","A. A nonbinary and/or androgynous drag performer. B. A person who performs in drag. C. Performance artists, almost always male, who dress in women's clothing and often act with exaggerated femininity and in feminine gender roles with a primarily entertaining purpose. They often exaggerate make-up such as eyelashes for dramatic, comedic or satirical effect. Drag queens are closely associated with gay men and gay culture, but can be of any sexual orientation or gender identity. They vary widely by class, culture, and dedication, from professionals who star in films to people who try drag very occasionally. D. A person who performs drag artistry.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,drag artist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001769 1_1_mrceaaic,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf'?","A. A phyllome that develops from a tepal and remains attached to a fruit at maturity. B. A leaf in a vascular plant. C. A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure. D. A phyllome that is not associated with a reproductive structure.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025034 1_1_ldprtwb3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'orange juice'?","A. SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with small particles FOODON:03430114 * fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed removed FOODON:03420229 B. A liquid, powder, spray, or granule used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. C. Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. D. SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity FOODON:03430109 * acidified FOODON:03460200 * ingredient: water addition process FOODON:03460148 * ingredient: sweetener added FOODON:03460202 * ingredient: flavoring, spice or herb added FOODON:03460227",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,orange juice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03301103 1_1_jtyk86eh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'planktonic material'?","A. Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. B. Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. C. A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. D. An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,planktonic material,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000063 1_1_alazub9l,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive self-appraisal'?","A. A self-appraisal based on values held by a social group of which the person is a member. B. An appraisal by a person about themselves C. A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as bad or undesirable. D. A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as good or desirable.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,positive self-appraisal,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001163 1_1_0dmbefeh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spring regrowth date estimation'?","A. Description: Estimate the date of the appearance of spring regrowth of established plants in a plot Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. For a single plant, plot, or group of established plants, record the date when 50% of the plants have new spring growth. B. Description: Estimation of the presence of spines on the fruit surface Materials: None Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. Observe a fruit(s) according to your sampling protocol. 2. Record whether or not there are spines present on the fruit. Note: C. Description: Estimate the winter survival of a plot of plants Materials: Dependent_on: Plant number cnt [n] Protocol: 1. For each plot or group of plants, count the number of plants that have regrowth in the spring. 2. Divide the number of plants with regrowth by the total number of plants in the plot 3. Express as a percentage. D. Description: A simple method to rate plants according to their resistance to verticillium infections Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See full protocol at https://www.naaic.org/stdtests/verticil.pdf",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spring regrowth date estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0002077 1_1_zlh45ljm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'ureter smooth muscle'?","A. A tiny smooth muscle that connects the hair follicle with the dermis. B. A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a umbilical cord. C. The smooth muscle tissue surrounding the epithelium of the ureter. D. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,ureter smooth muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009919 1_1_up9vgalb,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'maloja wind'?","A. A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa. B. (Also called mamaliti, mamatili.) A light northwest wind of Sicily; a form of mistral. C. A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. D. A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,maloja wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MalojaWind 1_1_a520ymdm,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'camptothecin'?","A. A quassinoid isolated from Brucea javanica and Brucea sumatrana and has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity. B. A sesquiterpene alkaloid that is isolated from the stem of Tripterygium regelii. C. A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,4,4a,5,6,7,7a,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, methyl groups at positions 5 and 8, a methylidene group at position 3 and an acetoxy group at position 4. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis. D. A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2-b]quinoline which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 14, and by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at position 4 (the S enantiomer).",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,camptothecin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27656 1_1_p0lx84iw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'dropstone'?","A. An oversized stone in laminated sediment that depresses the underlying laminae and may be covered by -draped laminae. Most dropstones originate through ice-rafting; other sources are floating tree roots and kelp holdfasts.... B. A hard, compact mass or aggregate of mineral matter, normally subsperical but commonly oblate, disc-shaped or irregular. Formed by precipitation of mineral from solution in the pores of a granular rock, localized around a nucleus or center, to define a discrete, sharply separated object. Size ranges from cm to decimeter for application as a compoundMaterialConstituentPart; larger concretions should be considered GeologicUnit parts. C. A cluster of ferromagnesian minerals in an igneous rock, from several centimeters to decimeters in diameter, that may be a segregation or an altered xenolith. D. Constituent occurs as a concentric envelope enclosing another constituent. Corona is a non-genetic term.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,dropstone,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Dropstone 1_1_el2ee0k8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein localization to ciliary membrane'?","A. The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles. B. The process of selecting and or marking the position where endocytosis will occur. C. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary transition zone. D. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a ciliary membrane.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein localization to ciliary membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903441 1_1_4sf4gz5z,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'umbilical artery'?","A. The deep artery of clitoris is a branch of the internal pudendal artery. B. A corkscrew-like artery in premenstrual or progestational endometrium; uterine spiral arteries play a vital role in supplying nutrients to the placenta and fetus, and are thus remodeled into highly dilated inelastic vessels by the action of invading trophoblast (physiological change). C. The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. D. The umbilical artery is a paired artery (with one for each half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions. In the fetus, it extends into the umbilical cord. [WP,unvetted].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,umbilical artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001310 1_1_k2b7uuk1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified health status'?","A. healthy person (family, friend) staying with a sick patient B. Problem related to social environment C. other specified health condition/status not coded for D. other problems related to health care",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified health status,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000590 1_1_btsiojym,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the differentiation of a neuroendocrine cell in the stomach. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000696 1_1_2hcyx8zw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'follicular antrum'?","A. The retromolar space or retromolar gap is a space at the rear of a mandible, between the back of the last molar and the anterior edge of the ascending ramus where it crosses the alveolar margin.[WP]. B. An anatomical space that is enclosed by a hemipenal sheath. C. Region of ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. D. Lateral protrusion of the third ventricle.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,follicular antrum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000039 1_1_ln3hl20l,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myofiber disarray'?","A. Elevated amount of glycogen in the myocardium. B. A nonparallel arrangement of cardiac myocytes. C. Irreversible damage to heart tissue (myocardium) due to lack of oxygen after a heart attack (myocardial infarction). D. A structural anomaly of the muscle layer of the heart wall of a cardiac ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Myofiber disarray,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031318 1_1_d3dyj4ng,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrous skeleton of heart'?","A. Anatomical structure present after birth. B. Fibrous connective tissue which attaches the leaf and cusp of cardiac valve to the wall of heart. C. Subdivision of the chest wall which is demarcated from the anterior part of the chest by the anterior axillary lines and form the posterior part of the chest by the posterior axillary lines. D. Olfactory bulb which is continuous with the left set of olfactory nerves and the left olfactory tract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fibrous skeleton of heart,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9496 1_1_5v8ek7xf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral comprehension'?","A. The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. B. The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists. C. The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. D. The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,oral comprehension,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000087 1_1_im3axwpk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''AnnotationDbi''?","A. Functions for creating PostgreSQL database tables, with auto incrementing primary keys, selection of foreign keys to allow referencial integrity and a logging mechanism. B. topGO package provides tools for testing GO terms while accounting for the topology of the GO graph. Different test statistics and different methods for eliminating local similarities and dependencies between GO terms can be implemented and applied. C. EBarrays provides tools for the analysis of replicated/unreplicated microarray data. D. This package provides user interface and database connection code for annotation data packages using SQLite data storage.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'AnnotationDbi',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000035 1_1_h68ap38w,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neutropenia DP'?","A. A nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction caused by trauma causing pericardial effusion; high titers of anti-heart antibodies; low-grade fever; lethargy; loss of appetite; or abdominal pain. B. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. C. Also called coronary artery disease, describes heart problems caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart. D. People with neutropenia have an unusually low number of cells called neutrophils. Neutrophils are cells in your immune system that attack bacteria and other organisms when they invade your body",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,neutropenia DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000292 1_1_do1bxqpg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'delirium, unspecified'?","A. unspecified disorder of the brain B. a small class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system. C. Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma). D. An abrupt change in the brain that causes mental confusion and emotional disruption with unspecified cause",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"delirium, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000408 1_1_9mdj8skj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 12'?","A. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset with severe to profound, stable hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the CDH23 gene on chromosome 10q22. B. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset with severe to profound, stable hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the USH1C gene on chromosome 11p15. C. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness characterized by postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing impairment that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the BDP1 gene on chromosome 5q13.2. D. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the TSPEAR gene on chromosome 21q22.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110467 1_1_z3b8mz3l,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'name order'?","A. Events specific to the agender community and agender people. B. Indicates the sequence of a biologic entity's birth in the family group. C. A logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements; a condition of regular or proper arrangement. D. The order of individual parts of a personal name when arranged as a full name. The order ""given name, family name"" is typically called the ""Western name order"" while the order ""family name, given name"" is usually called the ""Eastern name order"".",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,name order,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009363 1_1_378gu1qy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of RNA export from nucleus'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of RNA export from nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046831 1_1_zd870ehf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bus driver, school'?","A. Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated merchandise. B. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 2. C. Operate steam-, gas-, electric motor-, or internal combustion-engine driven compressors. Transmit, compress, or recover gases, such as butane, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas. D. Drive a school bus to transport students. Ensure adherence to safety rules. May assist students in boarding or exiting.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"bus driver, school",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53305100 1_1_jrd47vit,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxo dicarboxylic acid dianion'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of any oxo dicarboxylic acid. B. An N-acyl-D-alpha-amino acid anion resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of N-acetyl-D-aspartic acid. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. C. A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of suberic acid; major species at pH 7.3. D. A dicarboxylic acid dianion that is the conjugate base of 2-aminoadipic acid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,oxo dicarboxylic acid dianion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133294 1_1_87wqskhi,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bulboreticulospinal tract'?","A. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a group of reticulospinal nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of some spinal cord, whose axons are derived from neurons of some medulla oblongata. B. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a tract arising from some nucleus ceruleus and nucleus subceruleus and projectingto some spinal laminae at all levels. C. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of some spinal cord, mostly crossed from their origin; they ascend as part of some anterolateral system to some superior and inferior colliculi and carry somatic sensory impulses. D. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a bundle of nerve fibers arising from some fastigial nucleus, projecting to the contralateral side, and descending ventrally to terminate predominately in the intermediate zone and medial regions of the anterior horn of the cervical segments of some spinal cord.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Bulboreticulospinal tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75692 1_1_vbmhwr2f,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ScISI'?","A. A package that implements some simple graph handling capabilities. B. Package to create In Silico Interactomes C. This package implements the Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis (SPIA) which uses the information form a list of differentially expressed genes and their log fold changes together with signaling pathways topology, in order to identify the pathways most relevant to the condition under the study. D. Nested Effects Models to reconstruct phenotypic hierarchies",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ScISI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000416 1_1_ra09lkvk,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuva'sa'?","A. A Bannock, Lemhi, Northern Shoshone, or Shoshone person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. B. A Bannock or Lemhi person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A term which describes the psychological aspects of premenstrual syndrome, namely tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in persons with seizure disorder. D. A Bannock, Lemhi, or Northern Shoshone person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,tuva'sa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002133 1_1_85fefhy0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lymphatic plexus'?","A. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts two or more lymphatic chains from two or more lymphatic organ part trees. B. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts two or more lymphatic chains; together with other lymphatic organ part trees constitutes a lymphatic tree organ. Examples: subclavian lymphatic tree, right lumbar lymphatic tree. C. Lymphatic tree organ part adjacent to subclavian artery proper. D. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts one or more lymph nodes connected by two or more lymphatic vessels; together with other lymphatic chains forms a lymphatic tree organ part.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lymphatic plexus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma5029 1_1_5tvjc4zi,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geological boundary'?","A. (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected B. (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region C. It is a fiat surface that is 'located in' the external surface of a 'geological object'. D. (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,geological boundary,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000011 1_1_vfjeis8p,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'moist soil albedo'?","A. Soil albedo which inheres in dry soil. B. The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. C. Soil albedo which inheres in moist soil. D. Albedo which inheres in soil.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,moist soil albedo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105234 1_1_utim169s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 90'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by infantile onset of intractable seizures, hypotonia, poor or absent global development, severe intellectual disability and spastic quadriplegia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SYNJ1 gene on chromosome 21q22. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizure onset in the first months of life, absence of normal development and absence of myelination of early neurological structures that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ITPA gene on chromosome 20p13. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early-onset epilepsy, generalized muscular hypotonia, visual impairment, and severe neurodevelopmental delay that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the DNM1 gene on chromosome 9q34. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of refractory seizures in the first days or months of life that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the FGF13 gene on chromosome Xq26.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 90,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070381 1_1_grlbvl0w,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'equipment selection'?","A. A skill realized in determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. B. A skill realized in determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job. C. A skill realized in bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. D. A skill realized in managing one's own time and the time of others.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,equipment selection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000026 1_1_qq0jb10s,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'glacier retreat'?","A. _:246 B. _:248 C. Of streams, deposits, and other features, being immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, and formed by or derived from glacier ice. D. Pertaining to the area in or at the bottom of, or immediately beneath, a glacier.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,glacier retreat,http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/GlacierRetreat 1_1_18m0hvmz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process'?","A. The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. C. A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism. D. Behavior associated with the intake of food.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051867 1_1_dkngx05m,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Respiratory arrest'?","A. Sepsis associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection. B. An inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable. C. Respiratory arrest is the cessation of normal breathing due to failure of the lungs to function effectively. D. Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Respiratory arrest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000121 1_1_z4mkjxyz,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'trough'?","A. An ion is an atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. [Wikipedia] B. In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. C. A cloud containing both water drops (supercooled at temperatures below 0?C) and ice crystals, hence a cloud with a composition between that of a water cloud and that of an ice- crystal cloud. D. Local name for a strong southeast wind in the vicinity of Palmer in the Matanuska Valley of Alaska. The knik wind blows most frequently in the winter, although it may occur at any time of year. In winter the knik winds are accompanied by very pronounced temperature rises; cases of more than 10?C in 24 hours have been observed. These winds may last from one to ten days. They result from a pressure gradient normal to the Chugach Mountains, causing a pronounced foehn effect in the Matanuska Valley.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,trough,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidDynamics/Trough 1_1_3dwpgatn,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mexican'?","A. Denotes a person from or of Mexico. B. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. C. A person of non-specified racial, cultural, or geographic origins. D. Denotes a person having origins in any indigenous people of Alaska and their descendants and who maintains tribal affiliation, or community or cultural attachment. The concept refers to population subgroups such as Eskimos, Aleuts, Inupiat, Yupik, Alutiiq, Egegik,and Pribilovian, Alaskan Athabascan, Tlingit, and Haida. The concept refers also to individuals who classify themselves as such.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Mexican,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000150 1_1_3moadba4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root dry mass'?","A. Assessment of monopodic growth. The main or primary axis continues its original line of growth giving off successive axes or lateral branches from the apex of the main meristem. B. Assessment of the branches angle C. Weight of the dry root D. Total length of the shoot",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root dry mass,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000266 1_1_uumazjko,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tunica adventitia of blood vessel'?","A. A tunica adventitia that is part of a vein. B. A tunica intima that is part of a vein. C. An adventitia that is part of a epididymis. D. The outermost layer of a blood vessel, composed mainly of fibrous tissue.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tunica adventitia of blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005734 1_1_02tbjeoc,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'DNA molecule region'?","A. An area or region of a DNA molecule. B. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its parts one or more ordered aggregates of some nucleotide, amino acid fatty acid or sugar molecules bonded to one another. C. An exon is a nucleic acid sequence that is represented in the mature form of an RNA molecule either after portions of a precursor RNA (introns) have been removed by cis-splicing or when two or more precursor RNA molecules have been ligated by trans-splicing. D. A gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein).",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,DNA molecule region,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84119 1_1_2mpgv8u1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunodeficiency 47'?","A. A primary immunodeficiency disease that is characterized by lymphadenopathy, autoinflammation, immunodeficiency with hypogammaglobulinemia, and dysmorphic facial features and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous gain-of-function mutation in the IL6ST gene on chromosome 5q11. B. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of recurrent infections with variable severity that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CD3E gene on chromosome 11q23.3. C. A primary immunodeficiency disease that is characterized by onset of recurrent, usually viral, respiratory infections in infancy or early childhood and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the LIG1 gene on chromosome 19q13. D. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by liver dysfunction, recurrent bacterial infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defective glycosylation of serum proteins that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the ATP6AP1 gene on chromosome Xq28.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunodeficiency 47,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112002 1_1_ximwpmsu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'middle cardiac vein'?","A. Vein of heart that drains the myocardium. B. The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the heart, ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus, and ends in the coronary sinus near its right extremity. C. The Great Cardiac Vein (left coronary vein) begins at the apex of the heart and ascends along the anterior longitudinal sulcus to the base of the ventricles. It then curves to the left in the coronary sulcus, and reaching the back of the heart, opens into the left extremity of the coronary sinus. It receives tributaries from the left atrium and from both ventricles: one, the left marginal vein, is of considerable size, and ascends along the left margin of the heart. D. A vein running parallel to the right coronary artery in the coronary sulcus that drains into the right extremity of the coronary sinus.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,middle cardiac vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009687 1_1_hu79z0fc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'coral reef'?","A. A hydrosphere in physical geography describes the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. [Wikipedia] B. Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. C. Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. D. The term coral reef generally refers to a marine ecosystem in which the main organisms are corals that house algal symbionts within their tissues. These ecosystems require: 1) fully marine waters; 2) warm temperatures; and 3) ample sunlight. They are therefore restricted to shallow waters of tropical and subtropical regions. Corals that do not have algal symbionts can also form significant reef communities in deeper, darker, and colder waters, but these communities are distinguished as cold-water coral bioherms. The more technical definition of coral reef includes an additional geological requirement that the reef organisms produce enough calcium carbonate to build the physical reef structure. The coral reef community lives only on the surface veneer of the reef, on top of already existing skeletal material left behind by previous reef-builders. Many processes act to break down the skeletal material and reef as soon it is laid down by organisms. These include mechanical processes such as waves and currents, and a wide array of biological processes (e.g., bioerosion). Some of the best known bioeroders are large organisms such as parrotfish and sponges, but much of the bioerosion occurs at the microscopic scale by organisms such as algae and fungi. A coral reef is produced only if the coral reef community produces more calcium carbonate than is removed. Indeed, some coral reef communities grow too slowly to build a reef.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,coral reef,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/CoralReef 1_1_bc1mg9dx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Predominant achene stripe colour'?","A. Number of branches B. Predominant achene stripe colour C. Achene thickness D. Determination of stalk breakage",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Predominant achene stripe colour,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000779 1_1_y0pqiqwt,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Emergence measurement'?","A. Separate all panicles from the sample and weigh immediately using a scale or balance. B. Measurement of fatty acid C16:0 content C. Measurement of the percentage of plants in a plot that have emerged D. Laboratory analysis of stem water soluable content.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Emergence measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005604 1_1_zte2qokd,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'airspeed'?","A. In Scotland, a heavy fall of snow. B. Airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the air. There are several different measures of airspeed: indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, equivalent airspeed and true airspeed. C. Ground speed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. It is the sum of the aircraft's true airspeed and the current wind and weather conditions; a headwind subtracts from the ground speed, while a tailwind adds to it. Winds at other angles to the heading will have components of either headwind or tailwind as well as a crosswind component. D. _:812",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,airspeed,http://sweetontology.net/propSpeed/Airspeed 1_1_03976e09,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome condensation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of mitotic chromosome condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903380 1_1_rgqe0dpb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure ulcer of unspecified part of back'?","A. Injury to hip skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around hip B. Injury to elbow skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around elbow C. injuries to skin on back and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. D. An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the skin and tissues when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pressure ulcer of unspecified part of back,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000604 1_1_f852u979,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Laotians'?","A. LGBTQIA+ people who are Georgian. B. LGBTQIA+ people who are Taiwanese. C. LGBTQIA+ people who are Indian. D. LGBTQIA+ people who are Lao.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Laotians,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012257 1_1_ugywtcxi,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein transmembrane import into intracellular organelle'?","A. The directed movement of proteins into an intracellular organelle, across a membrane. B. The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on or in an organelle. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. C. The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome. D. The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,protein transmembrane import into intracellular organelle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044743 1_1_g9z7ys9n,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical trial phase 3'?","A. A clinical trial phase that is designed for a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a drug for a given indication. Often they are designed to study side effects that may have become apparent after the phase III study was completed. [def-source: NCI] B. A clinical trial phase that is designed to study a biomedical or behavioral intervention in a larger group of people (several hundred), to evaluate the drug's effectiveness for a particular indication in patients with the disease or condition under study, and to determine the common short-term side effects and risks associated with the intervention. [def-source: NCI] C. The quality of a clinical trial that studies a drug or biological product. The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. According to USA FDA, there are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. D. A clinical trial phase that is designed to investigate the efficacy of the biomedical or behavioral intervention in large groups of human subjects (from several hundred to several thousand), to confirm efficacy, to monitor adverse reactions to the new medication or treatment regimen with respect to long-term use and by comparing the intervention to other standard or experimental interventions as well as to a placebo. [def-source: NCI]",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,clinical trial phase 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CTO_0000205 1_1_f6f071q6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dihexadecanoyl phosphatidate(2-)'?","A. A phosphatidate(2-) obtained by deprotonation of both phosphate OH groups of dioleoylphosphatidic acid; major species at pH 7.3. B. A phosphatidate(2-) obtained by deprotonation of both phosphate OH groups of dihexadecanoylphosphatidic acid; major species at pH 7.3. C. A phosphatidate(2-) obtained by deprotonation of both phosphate OH groups of didecanoylphosphatidic acid; major species at pH 7.3. D. The conjugate base of a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate compound.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dihexadecanoyl phosphatidate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77446 1_1_sklocnne,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'security manager'?","A. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 4. B. Direct an organization's security functions, including physical security and safety of employees and facilities. C. Address organizational sustainability issues, such as waste stream management, green building practices, and green procurement plans. D. Plan, implement, upgrade, or monitor security measures for the protection of computer networks and information. Assess system vulnerabilities for security risks and propose and implement risk mitigation strategies. May ensure appropriate security controls are in place that will safeguard digital files and vital electronic infrastructure. May respond to computer security breaches and viruses.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,security manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11301301 1_1_o9d1ayq7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Labial fissure'?","A. Anatomical fissure between the ala of nose and skin of cheek. B. Lobular organ which consist of a lactiferous duct tree and the set of lactiferous acini that are connected to duct tree. Examples: There are variable numbers of lactiferous duct trees. C. Anatomical fissure between apposing upper lip and lower lip. D. Tract of diencephalon, each instance of which is a part of some hypothalamicohypophysial tract that arises in the paraventricular nucleus of some hypothalamus; some of the fibers end in some infundibulum and others reach some neurohypophysis (posteriorpituitary), where their neurosecretory material is stored as oxytocin before being released into some systemic circulation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Labial fissure,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281634 1_1_rd1176ak,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'telbivudine'?","A. A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside that is the L-enantiomer of thymine. A synthetic thymidine nucleoside analogue with activity against HBV DNA polymerase. B. Abnormal thickening of the cortex of the clavicle. C. A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having thymine as the nucleobase. D. Buildup of waxy flesh-colored scales on the margin of the eyelid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,telbivudine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63624 1_1_ywi8rx5y,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'factor XI deficiency'?","A. A hemophilia that has_material_basis_in Factor VIII deficiency, which results in the formation of fibrin deficient clots which makes coagulation much more prolonged. B. A hemophilia that is characterized by deficiency of factor XI clotting factor and mild prolonged bleeding, especially of mucosal sites following trauma, and has_material_basis_in homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous mutation of the coagulation factor XI gene of chromosome 4q35.2. C. A hemophilia that is a hereditary abnormality which slows the blood clotting process. It arises from a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (vWF), a multimeric protein that is required for platelet adhesion. D. A blood coagulation disease characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage or prolonged bleeding.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,factor XI deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2229 1_1_gcxkduvg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral mesentery'?","A. A valve at the opening of the sinus venosus into the primordial atrium[TFD,modified]. B. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA]. C. A mesenchyme that is part of a chorionic villus. D. Ventral mesentery is the part of the peritoneum closest to the navel.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ventral mesentery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009668 1_1_fr1s0x2z,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion snus'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled and dried tobacco leaves are mixed with lime, spices and vegetable dyes (sometimes areca nut and/or silver flecks) to make a flaky product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco (often zarda or surti) are combined with a mix of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and flavorings such as peppermint, cardamom to form a wet mixture. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,portion snus,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000997 1_1_3mxsvmzy,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other abnormalities of gait and mobility'?","A. a deviation from normal walking (gait) B. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease C. A disorder characterized by elevation of the body's temperature above the upper limit of normal D. Uncommon severe weight loss for an unspecified cause",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other abnormalities of gait and mobility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000422 1_1_h2mrplvm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bjornstad syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by variable craniofacial dysmorphism, ocular coloboma, seizures, and brain abnormalities including partial or complete absence of the corpus callosum that has_material_basis_in [zygosity of] mutation in the C12ORF57 gene on chromosome 12p13.31. B. A syndrome that is characterized by early onset of hearing loss and hair loss due to pili torti, has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the BCS1L gene on chromosome 2q35. C. A syndrome characterized by predisposition for development of a broad spectrum of malignancies during childhood, including mainly brain, hematological and gastrointestinal cancers that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 on chromosomes 3p22.2, 2p21-p16, 2p16.3, and 7p22.1, respectively. D. A syndrome that is characterized by congenital lipomatous overgrowth, progressive, complex and mixed truncal vascular malformation, and epidermal nevi that has_material_basis_in somatic mosaicism for postzygotic activating mutations in the PIK3CA gene on chromosome 3q26.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Bjornstad syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050677 1_1_4tehsvb1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904341 1_1_l603f0v5,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'configuration'?","A. A configuration which deviates in some way from a canonical configuration for a particular organism. B. A quality in which complete clearance of the disorder is attained; however, physiological 'memory' may persist C. A quality which is an spatial arrangement or distribution of a(n) independent continuant(s) across a Three Dimensional Region. D. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,configuration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000039 1_1_fnsz0xd1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'coastal anthropogenic litter'?","A. Anthropogenic litter which is present in a coastal environment. B. Anthropogenic litter which consists of an abandoned ship's remains. C. A material entity which has been discarded outside waste management systems by humans or their technologies. D. Anthropogenic litter which is present in the marine environment.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,coastal anthropogenic litter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105124 1_1_ed9p5mb0,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'style'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and has as parts a cambium and adjacent cells. B. A cardinal organ part which is an elongated part of a carpel or gynoecium between the plant ovary and the stigma , and through which the pollen tube grows. C. A cardinal organ part that is the central column of a plant axis that consists of the primary vascular tissue and associated ground tissue. D. A cardinal organ part that is a rounded projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,style,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009074 1_1_txme0y49,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 18'?","A. A familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding phospholamban (PLN) on chromosome 6q22.1. B. A familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the vinculin gene (VCL) on chromosome 10q22. C. A familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MYOZ2 gene on chromosome 4q26. D. A familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TNNI3 gene on chromosome 19q13.4.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 18,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110324 1_1_t6p284my,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dendrite'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head, each instance of which is a line from some basion to some upper alveolar limit. B. Neurite which has as its direct parts an axon hillock, an axon proper, one or more axon collaterals and one or more axon terminals. C. Neurite which has as its direct parts a dendrite proper and a set of dendritic spines. D. Cell appendage of the neuron which includes the axon and the dendrite.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Dendrite,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67314 1_1_yo5i8rek,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary xylem parenchyma cell'?","A. A parenchyma cell that is morphologically and physiologically associated with a sieve cell but does is not derived from the same initial cell as the sieve cell. B. A parenchyma cell that is part of a portion of secondary xylem parenchyma . C. A parenchyma cell that develops from a ray initial and is part of a portion of ray secondary xylem parenchyma . D. A parenchyma cell that is adjacent to a sieve tube element and arises from the same phloem mother cell as the sieve tube element.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,secondary xylem parenchyma cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004525 1_1_s0u6zj1z,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'switchboard operator, including answering service'?","A. Operate telephone business systems equipment or switchboards to relay incoming, outgoing, and interoffice calls. May supply information to callers and record messages. B. Coordinate and expedite the flow of work and materials within or between departments of an establishment according to production schedule. Duties include reviewing and distributing production, work, and shipment schedules; conferring with department supervisors to determine progress of work and completion dates; and compiling reports on progress of work, inventory levels, costs, and production problems. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines to mix or blend materials, such as chemicals, tobacco, liquids, color pigments, or explosive ingredients. D. Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment that is automatic or tended by other workers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"switchboard operator, including answering service",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43201100 1_1_k0mki8jv,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'multilimb coordination'?","A. A capability that an agent has to power the performance of various actions. B. The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. C. The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). D. The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,multilimb coordination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000083 1_1_8l99qbmv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mat DS87 DT Computation'?","A. Calculated as the index (ratio) of infected spikelets over total number of spikelets by Calonectria nivalis (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum) causing scab disease in spike. B. Use formulae to calculate grain yield in g/m2 C. Standard method for yield factor D. Number of days required from sowing to physiological maturity (approx. DS87). However, when planting in dry soils in dryland areas it is counted from the first day of rainfall or irrigation which is sufficient for germination, or from emergence date.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Mat DS87 DT Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000232 1_1_jyn3ywpp,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lupin seed food product'?","A. A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. B. A product of the dry seeds of Cicer arietinum. C. A dry seed of the jack-bean plant. D. A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lupin seed food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001206 1_1_6u85qw6w,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'credit authorizer, checker, or clerk'?","A. Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment. B. Plan, organize, and conduct long-distance travel, tours, and expeditions for individuals and groups. C. Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or consumer products for storage or shipment. Includes cannery workers who pack food products. D. Authorize credit charges against customers' accounts. Investigate history and credit standing of individuals or business establishments applying for credit. May interview applicants to obtain personal and financial data, determine credit worthiness, process applications, and notify customers of acceptance or rejection of credit.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"credit authorizer, checker, or clerk",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43404100 1_1_55baddqi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Soft skin'?","A. A skin texture that is unusually soft (and may feel silky), and has a malleable consistency resembling that of dough. B. Any abnormal increase or reduction in skin elasticity. C. Subjective impression of increased softness upon palpation of the skin. D. A mucosa that is part of a lip region [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Soft skin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000977 1_1_4wzg1moi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute myeloid leukemia with MLL rearrangement'?","A. An acute myeloid leukemia associated with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), resulting in the expression of RPN1-EVI1 fusion protein and the reposition of a distal GATA2 enhancer to activate MECOM expression. B. An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by rearrangement of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) gene. C. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the presence of abnormal bone marrow eosinophils and the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22), which results in the expression of the fusion protein CBFB-MYH11. D. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by a predominant immature erythroid population.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute myeloid leukemia with MLL rearrangement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081094 1_1_f0yxz9e5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice planet'?","A. A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. B. A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. C. A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. D. A planet which orbits two stars.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ice planet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001137 1_1_958aryj8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mainpuri'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which tobacco is processed into dry fine powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients (that vary according to region) to create a tobacco-based paste. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mainpuri,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000984 1_1_9ldhqmf4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyclopentylidene-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone'?","A. A ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a 4-chlorophenoxy and a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group at position 1 and 2 methyl groups at position 3. B. A quinazoline compound having a 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino group at the 4-position, a propenamido group at the 6-position, and a 3-morpholinopropoxy group at the 7-position. C. A member of the class of 1,3-thiazole bearing 2-cyclopentylidenehydrazino and 4-chlorophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4 respectively. D. A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is a CDK18 kinase inhibitor.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cyclopentylidene-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77993 1_1_g2k21t2m,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified bacterial pneumonia'?","A. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Escherichia coli bacteria B. inflammation of the lung that is caused by bacterial infections C. Pneumonia (infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs) caused by Pseudomonas bacteria D. lung inflammation caused by bacterial infection, in which air sacs fill with pus",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified bacterial pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000178 1_1_8nv5vsop,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport'?","A. The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane. B. The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glial cell derived neurotrophic factor stimulus. D. The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042775 1_1_15krgnq0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'intercalated duct of salivary gland'?","A. Any of the interlobular excretory ducts of a salivary gland which are found in the connective tissue septa and formed by the union of several intralobular striated (secretory) ducts[MP,generalized]. B. An intercalated duct that is part of a pancreas. C. The duct of a salivary gland. D. The tiny tubules with a very thin epithelial layer in the salivary glands running from the salivary acini into the striated duct.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,intercalated duct of salivary gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014727 1_1_gxz7rr5q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostate gland morphogenetic growth'?","A. The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions. B. The increase in length of the aristal laterals. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions. C. The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms. D. The differential increase in size or mass of the prostate gland that contributes to the gland attaining its form.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,prostate gland morphogenetic growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060737 1_1_bdorm13o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Short middle phalanx of the 4th toe'?","A. Developmental hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of fourth toe. B. Developmental hypoplasia of the proximal phalanx of fourth toe. C. Developmental hypoplasia of one or more phalanx of fourth toe. D. Developmental hypoplasia of the middle phalanx of fourth toe.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Short middle phalanx of the 4th toe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100393 1_1_xbfpps6d,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. D. The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044564 1_1_ygrv8pfe,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 31'?","A. A male infertility due to acephalic spermatozoa that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of acephalic spermatozoa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SUN5 gene on chromosome 20q11. B. A spermatogenic failure characterized by male infertility caused by a majority of spermatozoa lacking heads. C. A male failure due to acephalic spermatozoa that is characterized by oligozoospermia with a high proportion of acephalic sperm that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PMFBP1 gene on chromosome 16q22.2. D. A spermatogenic failure due to acephalic spermatozoa that is characterized by acephalic spermatozoa due to breakage at the midpiece of the sperm that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TSGA10 gene on chromosome 2q11.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 31,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111922 1_1_xnddfkcg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fungal infectious disease'?","A. A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Bacteria. B. A disease by infectious agent that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Viruses. C. A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which pass the resistance barriers of the human or animal body. D. A fungal infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin or located_in subcutaneous tissue, has_material_basis_in Fungi, which penetrate the dermis or even deeper during or after a skin trauma.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,fungal infectious disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1564 1_1_84mm1twu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system depressant'?","A. A central nervous system depressant that is used to prevent seizures or reduce their severity. B. A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. C. A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. D. A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,central nervous system depressant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35488 1_1_i2orcljj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bony labyrinth'?","A. Organ region, each instance of which is a regional part of the styloid process of some temporal bone. B. Superficial cerebral vein, each instnce of which is a tributary of some cavernous sinus and drains some frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. C. Zone of petrous part of temporal bone, each instance of which is a thin lamella of bone that divides some musculotubal canal into semicanals for some tensor tympani muslce and some auditory tube. D. Zone of petrous part of temporal bone, each instance of which is a region in the petrous portion of some temporal bone, where within its cavity are contained some membranous labyrinth, vestibular aqueduct, and cochlear aqueduct; it consists of instances of the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Bony labyrinth,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma268963 1_1_53dtqkx1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'anther theca'?","A. A collective plant structure that is a proper part of a whole plant , and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs and the associated portions of plant tissue . B. A collective plant organ structure that is part of an anther and consists of a pair of sporangia that dehisce down a common slit. C. A collective plant organ structure on the surface of a vascular leaf that has as part a cluster of two or more adjacent sporangia . D. A collective plant organ structure that consists of two or more phyllomes originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,anther theca,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009069 1_1_kav315fa,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'harm reduction behaviour'?","A. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco use. B. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves continuing to use a substance while changing the type of substance, formulation of the substance or the amount or manner of use of the substance with the aim of reducing the harm caused. C. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves use of cannabis. D. A substance use behaviour pattern in which the substance used is alcohol.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,harm reduction behaviour,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001108 1_1_przttp8u,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ureidoacrylic acid'?","A. A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is the free acid form of the dye Sirius red F3B. The hexasodium salt is a histological dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid. B. A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which three of the four hydrogens are replaced by ethyl and 4-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]piperazin-1-yl groups. An atypical antipsychotic which was in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia and substance-related disorders. It is a potent 5-HT2A antagonist and used in veterinary medicine because of its sedative effect on pigs. C. Allantoic acid in which one of the aminocarbonyl groups is replaced by hydrogen. D. The (Z)-3-ureido derivative of acrylic acid.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ureidoacrylic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59890 1_1_uznx9244,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'eroge'?","A. A species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. B. A part of the Black Lives Matter movement which specifically advocates for Black trans people (especially Black trans women) and fights for racial equity and Black liberation. C. Any of various Japanese erotic video games. D. Video games involving primarily erotic content.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,eroge,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008760 1_1_6vi9fqva,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol'?","A. A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 ( the 1R,2R,3R,4R,5S,6R-isomer). B. A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6R-isomer). C. A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3r,4R,5S,6r-stereoisomer). D. A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1D-3-O-methyl-myo-inositol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28310 1_1_sujbn9f7,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Herd'?","A. There are more listed on: https://safarisafricana.com/collective-nouns-animals-birds-africa/ B. of rattlesnakes C. of vipers D. The current axiom with just Elephant or Impala will have to be updated at some point. What about declaring it the other way around instead, like that elephants are member-of a herd etc.?",D,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Herd,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Herd 1_1_g4r40wag,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'family or consumer sciences teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses in childcare, family relations, finance, nutrition, and related subjects pertaining to home management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical techniques, or new applications for existing systems. C. Teach courses pertaining to the laws of matter and energy. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses in drama, music, and the arts including fine and applied art, such as painting and sculpture, or design and crafts. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"family or consumer sciences teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25119200 1_1_ljtcmf1f,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'painter, construction or maintenance'?","A. Operate or tend heating equipment other than basic metal, plastic, or food processing equipment. Includes activities such as annealing glass, drying lumber, curing rubber, removing moisture from materials, or boiling soap. B. Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment. C. Paint walls, equipment, buildings, bridges, and other structural surfaces, using brushes, rollers, and spray guns. May remove old paint to prepare surface prior to painting. May mix colors or oils to obtain desired color or consistency. D. Wind wire coils used in electrical components, such as resistors and transformers, and in electrical equipment and instruments, such as field cores, bobbins, armature cores, electrical motors, generators, and control equipment.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"painter, construction or maintenance",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47214100 1_1_u4ilezps,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'sensory perception of taste'?","A. The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. B. The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. C. A monocyte that has characteristics of both patrolling and inflammatory monocytes. D. The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,sensory perception of taste,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050909 1_1_u5r8pg9y,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hepatoportal lymph node'?","A. Hepatic lymph node located along right hepatic artery. B. Hepatic lymph node located along the hepatic artery. C. Hepatic lymph node located along the portal vein. D. Hepatic lymph node located along left hepatic artery.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hepatoportal lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277271 1_1_91r0j7lc,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rwanda'?","A. A nation situated in Scandinavia in northern Europe (Metropolitan Denmark) plus its two autonomous provinces, Greenland and The Faroe Islands. Denmark is divided into five regions and a total of 98 municipalities, plus two autonomous provinces. B. An island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of the Americas, and the most easterly of the Caribbean Islands. It is 34 kilometres (21 miles) in length and up to 23 km (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 432 km2 (167 sq mi). It is in the western part of the North Atlantic, 100 km (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea. Barbados is located roughly 13°N of the equator. It is about 168 km (104 mi) east of both the countries of Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and 180 km (110 mi) south-east of Martinique and 400 km (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its capital and largest city is Bridgetown. C. A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971. D. A small landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania. Rwanda is divided into five provinces (intara) and subdivided into thirty districts (akarere). The districts are divided into sectors (imirenge).",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Rwanda,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00001087 1_1_9tzbtoiw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal tarsal bone 5 pre-cartilage condensation'?","A. A distal tarsal bone 3 endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. B. A distal tarsal endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. A distal tarsal bone 1 endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. D. A distal tarsal bone 5 endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,distal tarsal bone 5 pre-cartilage condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015116 1_1_yi1gr5g5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''CALIB''?","A. Functions and classes for de novo prediction of transcription factor binding consensus by heuristic search B. A variety of data files and functions for the analysis of genetic interactions C. This package contains functions for normalizing spotted microarray data, based on a physically motivated calibration model. The model parameters and error distributions are estiamted from external control spikes. D. A Genotype Calling Algorithm for Affymetrix SNP Arrays",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'CALIB',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100052 1_1_5bagdzww,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fibroblastic disorder'?","A. An approach to therapy that embraces a positive view of pansexual identity and pansexual relationships and addresses the negative influences that biphobia has on the lives of pansexual clients. B. A disorder that affects fibroblasts. C. The history of developments of computing hardware, ranging from early devices to aid calculation to modern-day computers. D. A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder that affects the soft tissue.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,fibroblastic disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011143 1_1_hjgt4rp1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Prostatic sinus'?","A. Region of posterior wall of prostatic part of urethra, each instance of which is a posterolateral recess between the urethral crest and the wall of some urethra, where the prostatic ductules empty into the urethra. B. Exocanthion at left lateral palpebral commissure. C. Commissural leaflet of mitral valve which is attached to the posteromedial head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle. D. Subclavian artery the trunk of which is continuous with trunk of brachiocephalic artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Prostatic sinus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma19604 1_1_eev28x50,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete S-Score algorithm'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete S-Score algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000371 1_1_s9qoe9yo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy'?","A. A myopathy that is characterized by hypotonia and weakness, usually present from birth. B. A myopathy that is characterized by childhood onset of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy primarily affecting the proximal muscles in males between 5 and 10 years old, has_material_basis_in mutation in the VMA21 gene on chromosome Xq28. C. A myopathy that is characterized by distinctive facies, ptosis, downslanted palpebral fissures, widely spaced eyes, epicanthal folds, low-set ears, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, high-arched palate, clinodactyly, single palmar crease, pectus excavatum, winging of the scapulae, lumbar lordosis, and mild thoracic scoliosis. Pathogenic variants in RYR1 have been found in some individuals with King-Denborough syndrome. D. A myopathy that is characterized by by the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies strongly stained by menadione-linked alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the absence of substrate, alpha-glycerophosphate, with infantile or early childhood onset, and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the FHL1 gene on chromosome Xq26.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050760 1_1_y70h2ckd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'IgA plasmablast'?","A. A plasmablast that secretes IgA. B. A plasmablast that secretes IgM. C. An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. D. A plasmablast that secretes IgG.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,IgA plasmablast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000984 1_1_259va6sg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonrheumatic aortic (valve) stenosis'?","A. high levels of sugar in the blood B. A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the aortic valve. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta. C. occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. D. blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nonrheumatic aortic (valve) stenosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000561 1_1_rch71m12,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of intrathoracic lymph nodes'?","A. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver. B. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. C. Renal cell carcinoma is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport waste molecules from the blood to the urine. D. used to specify a diagnosis of secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of intrathoracic lymph nodes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of intrathoracic lymph nodes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000146 1_1_urh3c957,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'harm reduction facility'?","A. A facility that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population. B. A health care facility that provides harm reduction services to substance users. C. A health care facility within a hospital that provides acute medical care for patients that have presented as medical emergencies to a hospital or who have developed an acute medical illness while in hospital. D. A health care facility that provides services to people who are pregnant and their partners.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,harm reduction facility,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001147 1_1_libiru4q,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'triadic interaction'?","A. The reciprocal interaction of two or more professional individuals. B. An interaction between two individuals. C. An interaction between three individuals. D. The judgment of the merits and faults of the work or actions of an individual or group by another.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,triadic interaction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000732 1_1_gpm9saa8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle'?","A. Transformed vein, each instance of which is a remnant of some embryonic left superior vena cava or duct of Cuvier, extending from some left superior intercostal vein to the oblique vein of some left atrium; it is enclosed by the fold of some left superior vena cava. B. Cardiac muscle of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the pulmonary trunk. C. Cardiac muscle of ventricle which is continuous with the tunica media of the aorta. D. Right Lisfranc ligament",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardiac muscle tissue of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83452 1_1_wpoc7tel,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Glandular columnar epithelium'?","A. Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct. B. Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube. C. Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium. D. Simple columnar epithelium in which not all the cells may reach the luminal surface of the epithelium and the nuclei are aligned in more than one row. Examples: olfactory epithelium, epithelium of bronchus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Glandular columnar epithelium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64800 1_1_raxbsow8,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'genetic disorder'?","A. A disorder whose etiology involves (1) a modification to the patient's genomic DNA which leads to alterations in the normal expression pattern of the genome, but is (2) not a change in the nucleotide sequence. B. A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome. C. An infection that is clinically abnormal. D. A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,genetic disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000047 1_1_xeao57mu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dormitory'?","A. A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. B. A room which contains 1) a number of beds for sleeping and 2) often some other furniture and/or residential utilities. C. A room in an airport where en-route passengers can wait between flights.. D. A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dormitory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501342 1_1_4oqs4y9s,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lumenal side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane'?","A. The side (leaflet) of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen. B. The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the lumen. C. The type of sexual cycle seen in females, often with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. D. The side (leaflet) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane that faces the lumen.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lumenal side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098555 1_1_984yeohh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'anagrelide hydrochloride'?","A. A hydrochloride derived from equimolar amounts of cinacalcet and hydrogen chloride. B. The hydrochloride salt of anagrelide. C. A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. D. A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 6-({7-[(1-aminocyclopropyl)methoxy]-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl}oxy)-N-methyl-1-naphthamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. E-3810 is a dual VEGFR and FGFR inhibitor",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,anagrelide hydrochloride,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_55345 1_1_d811uh4i,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Infancy age'?","A. Postnatal age 2 to 9 B. Postnatal age at birth to 4 weeks. C. Age after birth. D. Postnatal age 4 weeks to 1 year.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Infancy age,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0328411 1_1_9gb1ed37,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of larger basal roots - Shovelomics Method'?","A. Count number of days from planting to first appearance of mature pod in a plot B. Count the number of basal root with greater than 1.5 mm at 2cm from hypocotyl C. Count number of plants dead per plot D. Count the number of days between planting and the time when 50% of plants in a plot have flowered. The state of flowering is visually assessed in the field",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of larger basal roots - Shovelomics Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000781 1_1_pc2c3356,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lipoprotein metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lipoprotein metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042157 1_1_8e2wu6xl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nanny'?","A. Care for children in private households and provide support and expertise to parents in satisfying children's physical, emotional, intellectual, and social needs. Duties may include meal planning and preparation, laundry and clothing care, organization of play activities and outings, discipline, intellectual stimulation, language activities, and transportation. B. Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering. C. Operate or tend machines to prepare industrial or consumer products for storage or shipment. Includes cannery workers who pack food products. D. Clean and shape customers' fingernails and toenails. May polish or decorate nails.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,nanny,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39901101 1_1_b3fp7tre,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'stagnant water'?","A. Liquid water which occurs naturally within the pores of rocks and sediments. B. A liquid water which has no current or flow and is susceptible to contamination by pathogens or pathogenic vectors. C. Water which is part of a lake. D. Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,stagnant water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501370 1_1_alfmu7oe,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure ulcer of hip'?","A. are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skinv B. Injury to hip skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around hip C. Injury to elbow skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around elbow D. An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the skin and tissues when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pressure ulcer of hip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000444 1_1_0d1i4d9z,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete bgafun'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete bgafun,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000482 1_1_b8m82uxp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Palpitations'?","A. A disorder characterized by an unpleasant sensation of irregular and/or forceful beating of the heart. B. this is a symptom of many diseases that attack the respiratory system C. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease D. physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Palpitations,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000520 1_1_2kpklifx,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Simulator'?","A. Game concieved as an outsider from the schemes that we profiled as the most classic B. Role-Playing Game C. Job simulation D. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Simulator,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Simulator 1_1_u3nhnll2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyContam'?","A. This package implements a broad class of Family Based Association Tests for genetids data, with adjustments for population admixture using the code from the 'FBAT' software program B. affyContam is software which provides the in silico creation of quality problems in CEL-level data to help evaluate performance of quality metrics. In essence, it creates structured corruption within CEL data to demonstrate QA effectiveness. C. Hidden Variable Dynamic Modeling D. Quality control of Affymetrix GeneChip expression data and reproducibility analysis of human whole genome chips with the MAQC reference datasets.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affyContam,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000453 1_1_vbfvuzcr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. B. The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland cord is generated and organized. The mammary gland cord is a solid epithelial structure that will hollow out, forming the mammary duct. C. Any peripheral nervous system neuron that has its soma located in some posterior lateral line ganglion. D. An epithelium that is part of a middle ear.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,branching involved in mammary gland cord morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060655 1_1_5rrzowlg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chef or head cook'?","A. Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts. B. Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods. C. Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps. D. Ensure the safe takeoff and landing of commercial and military aircraft. Duties include coordination between air-traffic control and maintenance personnel, dispatching, using airfield landing and navigational aids, implementing airfield safety procedures, monitoring and maintaining flight records, and applying knowledge of weather information.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,chef or head cook,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35101100 1_1_ck7ii68n,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'limb long bone'?","A. A long bone that is part of a limb [Automatically generated definition]. B. A long bone that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition]. C. The major preaxial endochondral bone in the posterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. D. Paired endochondral long bone that extends between the pectoral girdle and the skeletal parts of the forelimb. [PHENOSCAPE:mah].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,limb long bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003606 1_1_men9gikv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urinary porphyrin level'?","A. Abnormal amount of urate in the urine. B. The amount of a porphyrin compound in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. Porphrins are natural pigments containing a fundamental skeleton of four pyrrole nuclei united through the alpha-positions by four methine groups to form a macrocyclic structure. Porpyrins giove rise to heme and combalamine. C. An increased concentration of glucose in the urine. D. The amount of uroporphyrin in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated urinary porphyrin level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000535 1_1_vy7u0bh5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'northwester'?","A. (Often contracted nor'wester.) A northwesterly wind (as Canterbury northwester). B. (Also spelled Krakatau; formerly called overtrades.) A layer of easterly winds over the Tropics at an altitude of about 18-24 km. This layer tops the midtropospheric westerlies (the antitrades), is at least 6 km deep, and is based at about 2 km above the tropopause. This easterly current is more prominent and better defined in the summer hemisphere. It derives its name from the observed behavior of the volcanic dust carried around the world after the great eruption of Krakatoa (6?S, 105?E) in 1883. C. Dry squalls that occur at night in southwest Africa and the Congo. It is likely that this term is loosely applied to other diurnal local winds such as mountain wind, land breeze, midnight wind, etc. D. A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,northwester,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Northwester 1_1_pwr4a5a5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis dependence'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings (spices, essential oils, extracts), sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). B. A questionnaire administration in which the person completing the questionnaire is answering questions about themselves. C. Addiction to use of cannabis or cannabis products. D. An addiction that is to a substance that is ingested.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis dependence,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000361 1_1_dgvm2wbr,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration'?","A. A deviation from the normal serum concentration/activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to form lactate. B. Activity or concentration of 5-oxoprolinase in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction 5-oxo-L-proline + ATP + 2 H(2)O = L-glutamate + ADP + 2 H(+) + phosphate. C. Concentration or activity of an enzyme is above or below the limits of normal in the blood circulation. D. Activity or concentration of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0045040 1_1_h3bmp294,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetate ester'?","A. Any carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxy group with methanol. B. A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol. C. Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. D. Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,acetate ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47622 1_1_1xfuhncr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'human penis'?","A. The penis, as observed in primates. B. The penis, as observed in humans. C. A term used to refer to the penis in cisgender men; alternatively, any penile structure masculinized due to androgenic hormones. D. A term used by some transgender women to refer to their intromittent organ; alternatively, any penile structure feminized due to estrogenic hormones.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,human penis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000455 1_1_3ighgwy3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressing lips together'?","A. A facial expression behaviour in which the person smiles. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the lips are tightly pressed together. C. Characteristic facial expressions that are made when a person is undergoing a so-called ""basic"" emotions. These are canonical, that is, individual facial expressions when undergoing emotions can vary or not change at all. However, research indicates evidence for the existence of characteristic canonical facial expressions that are displayed when experiencing certain emotions even across cultures. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the jaw drops.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,pressing lips together,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000128 1_1_hlvtr7bt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cognitive representation'?","A. A representation which specifically depends on an anatomical structure in the cognitive system of an organism. B. A cognitive representation of themselves by a person or a group about themselves. C. A dependent continuant which is about a portion of reality. D. A cognitive representation of the emotional relevance of an object or event to the organism.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cognitive representation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000031 1_1_63ni0woy,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein polyubiquitination'?","A. A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 48 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K48-linked ubiquitination targets the substrate protein for degradation. B. The modification of actin by addition of ubiquitin groups. C. Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain. D. Addition of a single ubiquitin group to a protein.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein polyubiquitination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000209 1_1_orva9ccq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encephalitozoonosis'?","A. An opportunistic mycosis that results_in systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised people, has_material_basis_in Microsporidia phylum members. B. A microsporidiosis that is a zoonotic infectious disease results_in disseminated fungal infection in dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, mice and humans, has_material_basis_in Encephalitozoon cuniculi, has_material_basis_in Encephalitozoon intestinalis or has_material_basis_in Encephalitozoon hellem. C. A blood protein disease that is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and intermittent vaso-occlusive events that result in tissue ischemia leading to acute and chronic pain as well as organ damage that can affect any organ system, resulting from the replacement of one of the beta-globin subunits in hemoglobin with atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S which can distort red blood cells into a sickle or crescent shape. Sickle cell disease subtypes should include a detailed genotypic description for the hemoglobin molecules (e.g., Hb S/S, Hb S/C, Hb S/β0-thalassemia). D. An encephalomyelitis characterized by inflammation located in brain and located in spinal cord that damages myelin. It usually occurs after viral infection, but also following vaccination, bacterial or parasitic infection.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,encephalitozoonosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4270 1_1_6i7fztui,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Calvinists'?","A. Protestant clergy who are LGBTQIA+. B. LGBTQ people who are Calvinist. C. A gay person who is a Protestant. D. LGBTQ people who are Pentecostal.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Calvinists,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008204 1_1_yn4erlrs,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'educational, guidance, or career counselor or advisor'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as architecture and engineering or research and development in these fields. B. Diagnose and provide nonsurgical treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries of internal organ systems. Provide care mainly for adults and adolescents, and are based primarily in an outpatient care setting. C. Advise and assist students and provide educational and vocational guidance services. D. Conduct research in the genetics, nutrition, reproduction, growth, and development of domestic farm animals.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"educational, guidance, or career counselor or advisor",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21101200 1_1_kyahvh39,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.10 ten nodes or internodes visible stage'?","A. The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible. B. The stage at which nine nodes or nine internodes are visible. C. The stage at which ten nodes or ten internodes are visible. D. The stage at which six nodes or six internodes are visible.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.10 ten nodes or internodes visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007084 1_1_g7tvudf5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated circulating aconitic acid concentration'?","A. Concentration of aconitic acid in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. B. The presence of an abnormal decrease or increase of one or more amino acids in the blood circulation. C. An increase in the level of galactonate in the red blood cells. D. An increase in the level of hippuric acid in the blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated circulating aconitic acid concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033179 1_1_89fj65fq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of days per week of excessive drinking'?","A. A data item that is about the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption of a person. B. A data item which indicates the number of days per week a person has drunk alcohol to levels which are considered to be excessive. C. A data item that is about how much money the person spends on average each week buying tobacco in UK pounds. D. A number denoting a quantity of cigarette smoking made up of the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number packs of 20 cigarettes smoked on average per day over that period.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of days per week of excessive drinking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000726 1_1_ngxa9yer,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'data transformation objective'?","A. An objective specification to transformation input data into output data B. A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. C. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set. D. A objective specification to obtain a material entity for potential use as an input during an investigation.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,data transformation objective,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200166 1_1_3fm5k372,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'TimeDate Expression'?","A. The TimeDateExpression supporting element is a sub-type of the Expression Element (Expression on page 273) and uses all the attributes of the Expression Element. B. A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process. C. Expression, which is used in the definition of attributes for Start Event, Intermediate Event, Activity, Complex Gateway, and Sequence Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail.",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,TimeDate Expression,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#time_date_expression 1_1_7cv674as,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'parent of person with HIV'?","A. A pronoun set composed of ey, em, eir, eirs, and emself. B. A child of a person who has HIV. C. A parent of a person who has HIV. D. A person who is related to, or otherwise or belongs to the same family as, a person who has HIV.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,parent of person with HIV,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005295 1_1_17wmshw0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'RLodgInc - Computation'?","A. Divide the total number of plants that are root lodged due to weak soil or poorly developed anchorage roots by the total number of plants that are harvested. B. Number of days from sowing to when 50% of the plants shed pollen. Observe a known number of plants carefully (guideline: N = 20 for inbred lines or hybrids; N = 35 for open pollinated varieties) at the same time each day until 50% of the plants in the plot have produced at least one visible anther and score the number of days from sowing. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and anthesis date. C. Seed weight loss was determined using the count and weight method of Gwinner et al (1996). Weight loss (%) = (Wu x Nd) - (Wd x Nu) x 100 / Wu x (Nd + Nu) where Wu=weight of the undamaged seed, Nu = number of undamaged seed, Wd = Weight of damaged seed, and Nd=Number of damaged seed. D. Divide the total number of MSTV damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,RLodgInc - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000211 1_1_u2kgafw4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'cloud'?","A. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. B. A cloud forming in maritime air containing relatively low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. These clouds are characterized by a broader droplet size distribution and low droplet concentrations (some 100 cm-3). See continental cloud. C. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), exceptionally dense and vertically developed, occurring either as isolated clouds or as a line or wall of clouds with separated upper portions. D. Stratus cloud; a continuous cloud sheet capped by an inversion.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/Cloud 1_1_ng4pnw42,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'geranyl diphosphate'?","A. The diphosphate of the polyprenol compound geraniol. B. A class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of ethanolamine. C. A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. D. The 5-diphospho derivative of (R)-mevalonic acid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,geranyl diphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17211 1_1_tbnd0s2o,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'affirmative counseling for persons questioning their gender identity'?","A. Affirmative counseling provided for persons who are questioning their gender identity. B. An approach to therapy that embraces a positive view of LGBTQIA+ identities and relationships and addresses the negative influences that homophobia, transphobia, and heterosexism have on the lives of LGBTQIA+ clients. C. An approach to therapy that embraces a positive view of pansexual identity and pansexual relationships and addresses the negative influences that biphobia has on the lives of pansexual clients. D. Affirmative counseling provided for intersex persons.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,affirmative counseling for persons questioning their gender identity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010750 1_1_6k8lk4ib,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'manicurist or pedicurist'?","A. Operate steam-, gas-, electric motor-, or internal combustion-engine driven compressors. Transmit, compress, or recover gases, such as butane, nitrogen, hydrogen, and natural gas. B. Clean and shape customers' fingernails and toenails. May polish or decorate nails. C. Wind wire coils used in electrical components, such as resistors and transformers, and in electrical equipment and instruments, such as field cores, bobbins, armature cores, electrical motors, generators, and control equipment. D. Drive truck or other vehicle over established routes or within an established territory and sell or deliver goods, such as food products, including restaurant take-out items, or pick up or deliver items such as commercial laundry. May also take orders, collect payment, or stock merchandise at point of delivery.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,manicurist or pedicurist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39509200 1_1_7asv0piz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior mesenteric lymph node group'?","A. Intestinal lymph node group located around trunk opf celiac artery. B. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the jejunum. C. Intestinal lymph node group around the superior mesenteric artery. D. Intestinal lymph node group around the inferior mesenteric artery.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior mesenteric lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71813 1_1_gku7hvru,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'occupational therapy assistant'?","A. Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, direct activity programs, and document the progress of treatments. Generally requires formal training. B. Care for individuals with mental or emotional conditions or disabilities, following the instructions of physicians or other health practitioners. Monitor patients' physical and emotional well-being and report to medical staff. May participate in rehabilitation and treatment programs, help with personal hygiene, and administer oral or injectable medications. C. Teach or instruct individuals or groups for the primary purpose of self-enrichment or recreation, rather than for an occupational objective, educational attainment, competition, or fitness. D. Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,occupational therapy assistant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_31201100 1_1_3vhcpauo,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'abducens nerve morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis. B. The process in which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem. C. The process in which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. D. The process in which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,abducens nerve morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021598 1_1_xd68mxkm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'myeloid cell homeostasis'?","A. The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. B. The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. C. The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,myeloid cell homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002262 1_1_689fkby7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Testis'?","A. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of seminiferous tubules which communicate with the duct of the epididymis. Examples: There only two, right testis and left testis. B. Testis located right of sagittal midplane of body. C. Lobular organ, each instance of which has some hepatic lobule as its essential morphological unit. Eaxmple: There is only one liver. D. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the bulbar part of the urethra. Examples: There only two, right and left bulbo-urethral glands.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Testis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7210 1_1_jnzmtpun,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'thickness line'?","A. _:748 B. A line drawn through all geographic points at which the thickness of a given atmospheric layer is the same; an isopleth of thickness. C. Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one component of the runoff of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff. Water flowing in channels comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillslopes, from groundwater flow out of the ground, and from water discharged from pipes. The discharge of water flowing in a channel is measured using stream gauges or can be estimated by the Manning equation. The record of flow over time is called a hydrograph. Flooding occurs when the volume of water exceeds the capacity of the channel. D. A storm characterized by a fall of freezing liquid precipitation. The attendant formation of glaze on terrestrial objects creates many hazards.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,thickness line,http://sweetontology.net/reprSciFunction/ThicknessLine 1_1_vnq9gtar,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fetal neurocranium'?","A. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which encase the brain. B. Physical anatomical relation which associates an anatomical entity with the number of its spatial dimension. C. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which has its direct parts membranbous bones. D. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which is located in the face.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fetal neurocranium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma313220 1_1_68hgc4x5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'low back pain DP'?","A. Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions B. a fatigue-induced fracture of the bone caused by repeated stress over time. C. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is caused by the thinning of the bones D. Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts during the natural formation of healthy bones",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,low back pain DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000346 1_1_woac2slp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein'?","A. Insoluble fibrous protein aggregates exhibiting beta sheet structure. B. A macromolecule formed by a living organism. C. A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. D. A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and low density (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of cholesterol esters and smaller amounts of triglycerides. The surface monolayer consists mostly of phospholipids, a single copy of apolipoprotein B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main function of LDL is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters from the liver. Excessive levels are associated with cardiovascular disease.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,protein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 1_1_o1idfuhi,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation Alternaria resistance - method'?","A. Observe the texture of the french fries and rate it B. Observe the type of plant, noting the difference in leaf size between Tuberosum and Andigena. C. Observe the plant resistance to potato virus X and rate it D. Farmers observe the plant resistance to alternaria and rate it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation Alternaria resistance - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000559 1_1_np88j9ns,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Latest release'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. The first release of a piece of software. A first release does not imply any particular levels of maturity other than is this is the first instance of this software to be considered released. C. Live is a development status which is applied to software that has been designated as suitable for production environments by the developer/publisher. If a non-free product, software at this stage is available for purchase D. The latest release of a piece of software. This does not imply any levels of maturity other than indicating this is the most recent release.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Latest release,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/maturity/SWO_9000072 1_1_sk72ueej,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2'?","A. A frontometaphyseal dysplasia characterized by generalized skeletal dysplasia, deafness, urogenital defects and an increased tendency to form keloid scars that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in MAP3K7 on chromosome 6q15. B. An otopalatodigital syndrome spectrum disorder characterized by abnormal ossification and skeletal patterning of the axial and appendicular skeleton, facial dysmorphism, urogenital anomalies, and hearing loss. C. A frontometaphyseal dysplasia characterized by generalized skeletal dysplasia, deafness, and urogenital defects that has_material_basis_in homozygous or hemizygous mutation in FLNA on chromosome Xq28. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TRMT1 gene on chromosome 19p13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111787 1_1_ufwanqj3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'stomach glandular region'?","A. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined[GO]. B. The short narrow part of the stomach extending from the pyloric antrum to the pyloric sphincter. C. The part of the stomach attached to the esophagus. The cardia begins immediately distal to the z-line of the gastroeosphageal junction, where the squamous epithelium of the esophagus gives way to the columnar epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract[WP]. D. A region of the stomach that is lined with glandular epithelium.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,stomach glandular region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011953 1_1_p63ja82b,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive tobacco smoker identity'?","A. A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as a tobacco smoker. B. A tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity. C. N-Nitroso amines, compounds of the structure R2NNO. Compounds RNHNO are not ordinarily isolable, but they, too, are nitrosamines. The name is a contraction of N-nitrosoamine and, as such, does not require the N locant. D. A tobacco smoker identity that is a positive identity.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,positive tobacco smoker identity,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000392 1_1_h480fo65,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Young leaf: color of the upper side of blade (4th leaf)'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Young leaf: color of the upper side of blade (4th leaf),https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000169 1_1_450tn1qa,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'vein of genicular venous plexus'?","A. Any vein within the general circulation that transports blood back to the right atrium of the heart. B. The term genicular venous plexus (plexus venosus genicularis) should replace the term genicular veins. At the knee, deep veins do not correspond exactly to the branches of the popliteal artery (articular arteries). They are arranged in a complex plexus of interconnecting veins.[http://www.veinsurg.com/fr/biblio/echodoppler/echodoppler_11.php] C. One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein. D. The iliolumbar vein is the vena comitans of the iliolumbar artery. The obturator nerve crosses superficial to it. A single vein is found more commonly than a double vein. It drains vertebral segments four and five. It is closely related to the ascending lumbar vein. [WP,unvetted].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,vein of genicular venous plexus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013144 1_1_21qbccvd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'eye gland'?","A. A gland that is part of a eye. The eye is a compound unit which depending on the species may consist of an eyeballs plus associated ducts and integumentary structures. Eye glands therefore include the various types of lacrimal gland, the various types of apocrine and sebaceous glands associated with the eyelid. B. Any gland that is part of the diencephalon. Examples: pineal gland, neurohypophysis. C. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]. D. A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,eye gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004859 1_1_tth768lv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'benign prostatic hyperplasia DP'?","A. when your prostate gland becomes suddenly inflamed B. A benign (noncancerous) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. C. Diseases that affect the male reproductive and genital organs D. Age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,benign prostatic hyperplasia DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000276 1_1_35vyn7nj,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other malaise'?","A. a symptom that makes one feel weakness, discomfort, or illness B. is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.[1] Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.[1] The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.[1] The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling.[6] Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. C. feelings of tiredness/lack of energy D. A disorder characterized by a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness, an out-of-sorts feeling.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other malaise,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000437 1_1_fvgskzcm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphorescence'?","A. The radiance per unit wavelength or wavenumber interval. B. Continues to glow after light source is removed C. Fluorescence is a luminescence that is mostly found as an optical phenomenon in cold bodies, in which the molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of another photon with a longer wavelength. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons ends up as molecular vibrations or heat. Usually the absorbed photon is in the ultraviolet range, and the emitted light is in the visible range, but this depends on the absorbance curve and Stokes shift of the particular fluorophore. Fluorescence is named after the mineral fluorite, composed of calcium fluoride, which often exhibits this phenomenon. D. That portion of the total potential energy that may be converted to kinetic energy in an adiabatically enclosed system.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,phosphorescence,http://sweetontology.net/procChemical/Phosphorescence 1_1_wjg5gwjc,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-leucine + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-L-leucine + CoA + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[heparan sulfate](n) + acetyl-CoA = N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-[heparan sulfate](n) + CoA + H+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + L-lysine = CoA + H+ + N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine. D. Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + a L-amino acid = CoA + an N-acetyl-L-amino-acid. In some cases acetyl phosphate can be used as a donor.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140085 1_1_g0shy14o,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'downdraft'?","A. A katabatic wind which is driven by the cooling and subsequent sinking of atmospheric gas masses. B. A downdraft which is of high intensity and which spreads radially, with high speed, across the planetary surface upon reaching it. C. An atmospheric wind during which cold atmospheric gas flows downwards towards the surface of an astronomical body. D. A katabatic wind which is sudden and strong.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,downdraft,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001758 1_1_b1h6b6oe,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'solar energy installation manager'?","A. Direct work crews installing residential or commercial solar photovoltaic or thermal systems. B. Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes. C. Work below surface of water, using surface-supplied air or scuba equipment to inspect, repair, remove, or install equipment and structures. May use a variety of power and hand tools, such as drills, sledgehammers, torches, and welding equipment. May conduct tests or experiments, rig explosives, or photograph structures or marine life. D. Plan, lay out, and construct wooden unit or sectional patterns used in forming sand molds for castings.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,solar energy installation manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47101103 1_1_rmgz1pbt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified secondary hypertension DP'?","A. A hypertensive disease that is caused by an identifiable underlying primary cause B. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system. Contagious and hard to treat. C. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life D. I15.9 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of secondary hypertension, unspecified. A 'billable code' is detailed enough to be used to specify a medical diagnosis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified secondary hypertension DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000078 1_1_gti1mrwq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'country'?","A. A country in which English is an official language. B. A spatial region that has a government and is recognised as a country in international law. C. A continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R D. A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,country,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001159 1_1_p8dw5749,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000137 1_1_egzzphvv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'profundal zone'?","A. The thermocline (sometimes metalimnion) is a layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. B. The profundal zone is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone. C. In oceanography, a Halocline is a strong, vertical salinity gradient. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification. D. The limnetic zone is the well-lit, open surface waters farther from shore in a lake. It is surrounded by the littoral zone and above the profundal zone",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,profundal zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/ProfundalZone 1_1_bbdx0t8v,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior wall of left ventricle'?","A. Region of wall of left ventricle which is continuous with the wall of the ascending trunk of aorta. B. Region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the right and left posterior cusps of aortic valve and the anterior leaflet of mitral valve that is attached to the semilunar fibrous scallop of aortic valve anulus. C. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of endocardium, basal, mid and apical lateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and epicardium of lateral wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior and inferior walls of left ventricle. D. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of the endocardium, basal, mid and apical zones of myocardium of left ventricle and epicardium of inferior wall of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous witht the lateral and septal walls of left ventricle..",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior wall of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9561 1_1_huctidwp,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'movement'?","A. Trade name of a company that produces musical works or expression of musical works. B. A means or instrumentality for storing or communicating musical manifestation. C. A movement is a self-contained part of a musical work. While individual or selected movements from a composition are sometimes performed separately, a performance of the complete work requires all the movements to be performed in succession. Often a composer attempts to interrelate the movements thematically, or sometimes in more subtle ways, in order that the individual movements exert a cumulative effect. In some forms, composers sometimes link the movements, or ask for them to be played without a pause between them. D. Distinct intellectual or artistic musical creation. From the FRBR final report: A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work. For example: work #1 J. S. Bach's The art of the fugue",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,movement,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Movement 1_1_h6nh2whc,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'air traffic controller'?","A. Control air traffic on and within vicinity of airport, and movement of air traffic between altitude sectors and control centers, according to established procedures and policies. Authorize, regulate, and control commercial airline flights according to government or company regulations to expedite and ensure flight safety. B. Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater. C. Instruct individual students or small groups of students in academic subjects to support formal class instruction or to prepare students for standardized or admissions tests. D. Administer basic or advanced emergency medical care and assess injuries and illnesses. May administer medication intravenously, use equipment such as EKGs, or administer advanced life support to sick or injured individuals.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,air traffic controller,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53202100 1_1_gm00ng0g,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid. B. Catalysis of the reaction: protoheme IX + (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + H2O = heme O + diphosphate. C. OBSOLETE. Any coreceptor activity that is involved in a canonical Wnt signaling pathway. D. Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-phosphate + H2O = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside + phosphate.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete coreceptor activity involved in canonical Wnt signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904928 1_1_2o95j4rs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Oceanic sexual religious ritual'?","A. Any of various sexual rituals specific to or practiced among Oceanic religions. B. Any of various sexual rituals specific to or practiced among Asian religions. C. Any of various sex-related rituals which are religious in nature, or are specific to a given religion or religions. D. Any of various sexual rituals specific to or practiced among North and South American religions.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Oceanic sexual religious ritual,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012131 1_1_p0g4ufqk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione'?","A. An androstanoid that is androst-4-ene substituted by an alpha-fluoro group at position 2 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. B. A 17-oxo steroid that is andrastin D in which the keto group at position 3 has undergone formal reduction to give the corresponding 3alpha-hydroxy compound. C. A 3-oxo Delta(1)-steroid that is androst-1-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. D. Any sterol based on a androstane skeleton and its derivatives.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133930 1_1_ft2xlxtm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer's disease 15'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ABCA7 gene on chromosome 19p13.3. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q25. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 8p12-q22. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variations in the region 3q22-q24.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Alzheimer's disease 15,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110048 1_1_irsuebbs,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Set of cells'?","A. Anatomical set which has as its direct members dell parts of same type or of different types. B. Anatomical set which has as its direct members cells of same type or of different types. C. Anatomical set which has as its direct members organs of same type or of different types. D. Anatomical set which has as its direct members organ parts of same type.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Set of cells,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71954 1_1_jvnhegxc,"In the ontology of Organization, which of the following definitions best describes 'Partenariat'?","A. An Organization which is recognized in the world at large, in particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and responsibilities. Examples include a Corporation, Charity, Government or Church. Note that this is a super class of `gr:BusinessEntity` and it is recommended to use the GoodRelations vocabulary to denote Business classifications such as DUNS or NAICS. B. An Organization such as a University Support Unit which is part of some larger FormalOrganization and only has full recognition within the context of that FormalOrganization, it is not a Legal Entity in its own right. Units can be large and complex containing other Units and even FormalOrganizations. Alternative names: _OU_ _Unit_ _Department_ C. A collaboration between two or more Organizations such as a project. It meets the criteria for being an Organization in that it has an identity and defining purpose independent of its particular members but is neither a formally recognized legal entity nor a sub-unit within some larger organization. Might typically have a shorter lifetime than the Organizations within it, but not necessarily. All members are `org:Organization`s rather than individuals and those Organizations can play particular roles within the venture. Alternative names: _Project_ _Venture_ _Endeavour_ _Consortium_ _Endeavour_ D. Represents a collection of people organized together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the set of people belonging to it and can act as an Agent. Organizations are often decomposable into hierarchical structures. It is recommended that SKOS lexical labels should be used to label the Organization. In particular `skos:prefLabel` for the primary (possibly legally recognized name), `skos:altLabel` for alternative names (trading names, colloquial names) and `skos:notation` to denote a code from a code list. Alternative names: _Collective_ _Body_ _Org_ _Group_",C,1_1,business_finance/organization_ontology,Partenariat,http://www.w3.org/ns/org#OrganizationalCollaboration 1_1_x5tvlz1i,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Canopy height'?","A. Proportion of open pods B. Weight of harvested fodder i.e., haulm, stover per unit of area C. Distance from growing medium to the top leaves D. Tendency of plant to lodge",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Canopy height,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_336:0000162 1_1_sc2528yl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'print binding or finishing worker'?","A. Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines. B. Operate a variety of drills such as rotary, churn, and pneumatic to tap subsurface water and salt deposits, to remove core samples during mineral exploration or soil testing, and to facilitate the use of explosives in mining or construction. Includes horizontal and earth boring machine operators. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material. D. Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated merchandise.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,print binding or finishing worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51511300 1_1_tqkofmel,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-L-Ara4N-(KDO)2-lipid IVA(4-)'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid. B. A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and sulfate groups of any alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal6S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc6S; major species at pH 7.3. C. (KDO)-lipid IVA deprotonated at both phosphono groups and at the uronic acid carboxy group. It is the major species at pH 7.3. D. The organophosphate oxoanion formed from beta-L-Ara4N-(KDO)2-lipid IVA by deprotonation of the carboxy and phosphate groups. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-L-Ara4N-(KDO)2-lipid IVA(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61757 1_1_wx9r517i,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant ovary wall'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that has as parts tmema cells . B. That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner integument. C. A portion of plant tissue that is the middle layer of a pericarp . D. A portion of plant tissue that is composed of plant ovary outer epidermis , plant ovary inner epidermis , and a plant ovary wall middle layer",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant ovary wall,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005022 1_1_i73d6qlw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of neutrophil migration'?","A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil migration. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil extravasation.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of neutrophil migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902624 1_1_wuz8vydq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asperthecin biosynthetic process. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tensidol A biosynthetic process. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dehydroaustinol biosynthetic process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of violaceol I biosynthetic process.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of asperthecin biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900379 1_1_3yw14gtq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'stámmiya'?","A. A Hidatsa person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. A Crow person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Southern Ute person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. A Ktunaxa person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,stámmiya,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006066 1_1_9xd50raz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'scatter plot'?","A. A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. B. A histogram is a report graph which is a statistical description of a distribution in terms of occurrence frequencies of different event classes. C. A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map. D. A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,scatter plot,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000184 1_1_8upzms0q,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'xylem'?","A. A portion of xylem tissue that has as parts a tube-like series of vessel members , the common walls of which have perforations. B. A portion of vascular tissue that develops from a procambium . C. A portion of xylem tissue that develops from a vascular cambium . D. A portion of vascular tissue that has as part one or more tracheary elements .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,xylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005352 1_1_7e5yyfgz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'camostat'?","A. A diterpene alkaloid with formula C32H45NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species. B. An ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(2-methylphenyl)butan-2-yl N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)-L-alaninate with the carboxy group of propanoic acid. It is a fungicide from Corteva Agriscience. C. A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients. D. Any carboxylic ester obtained by the O-acylation of carnitine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,camostat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_135632 1_1_wiq3g64i,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'craniosynostosis 2'?","A. A craniosynostosis characterized by skull deformity and the inability of the skull's growth to keep up with the developing brain that has_material_basis_in a weakly penetrant heterozygous mutation in the SMAD6 gene on chromosome 15q22, typically with the risk allele of a common variant near the BMP2 gene on chromosome 20p12, resulting in potential intracranial pressure elevation. B. A craniosynostosis characterized by a highly variable craniosynostosis with frontal bossing, turribrachycephaly and cloverleaf skull anomaly that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MSX2 gene on chromosome 5q35. C. A craniosynostosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ERF gene on chromosome 19q13. D. A craniosynostosis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ZIC1 gene on chromosome 3q24.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,craniosynostosis 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0061009 1_1_y94i23sz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bona fide anatomical line'?","A. A boundary entity of the ovary, each instance of which has one spatial dimension. B. Anatomical line which corresponds to the intersection of two bona fide anatomical surfaces. C. Any and all borders of the ovary, in particular the mesovarian (or anterior) border and the free (or posterior) border. D. The portions of the uterus to which the broad ligament is attached.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bona fide anatomical line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242999 1_1_w0vs5k0w,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem epidermis'?","A. A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a shoot axis tuber . B. A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a stem . C. A prickle that is part of a shoot axis . D. A portion of stem epidermis which is the outermost primary cell layer of the hypocotyl .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025178 1_1_q8j477mo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf plate meristem'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue in which the planes of cell division in each layer are anticlinal to the surface of the phyllome . B. A phyllome plate meristem in the vascular leaf . C. A portion of secondary xylem parenchyma that is part of an axial system and has as parts axial secondary xylem parenchyma cells . D. A meristem that gives rise to an inflorescence.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf plate meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025429 1_1_20u2sckj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shattering Estimation'?","A. Standard method for spike shattering. B. Standard method for wheat blast severity. C. Standard method for Septoria tritici blotch incidence. D. Some forms of spotting and necrosis result from chromosomal instability or genetic aberrations, these disorders are known as hybrid necrosis. Affected plants show differing degrees of necrosis, often associated with stunting or dwarf clumping. Hybrid necrosis usually is observed in early generation material, and affected progeny are eliminated",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shattering Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000278 1_1_lqihh5h6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gastritis'?","A. A stomach disease that is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach. B. A gastrointestinal system infectious disease that involves inflammation of the stomach lining caused by viruses. The symptoms include abdominal pain, indigestion, ulcer formation, abdominal bloating, nausea and vomiting. C. A gastrointestinal system infectious disease that involves inflammation of the stomach lining caused by fungal infection in immunocompromised patients. D. A stomach disease characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, alopecia, onychodystrophy, skin hyperpigmentation, and diarrhea.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,gastritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4029 1_1_a9ai8kly,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'desferriexochelin 772MS'?","A. A non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative that is methyl alaninate substituted by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group at the N and a 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-(phenylsulfanyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,8a-hexahydro-6-quinolyl group at position 3. B. A carboxylic ester-lactam secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is both lipid- and water-soluble and acts as a siderophore. C. A ribonucleotide that is the 5'-monophosphate derivative of beta-hydroxywybutosine. D. A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C22H28N2O3, isolated from several plant species.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,desferriexochelin 772MS,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61152 1_1_cvkln2sw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor phosphorylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904323 1_1_cgrn0f18,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of e-cigarette puffs per day'?","A. A data item which indicates the absolute reduction number of cigarettes smoked over a period of time. B. A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per day. C. A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a e-cigarette. D. A data item which indicates the average time to relapse.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of e-cigarette puffs per day,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000693 1_1_rp8o05av,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '1,4-phenylenediamine allergic contact dermatitis'?","A. An allergic contact dermatitis that has_allergic_trigger parthenolide. B. An allergic contact dermatitis that has_allergic_trigger benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one. C. An allergic contact dermatitis that has_allergic_trigger 1,4-phenylenediamine. D. An allergic contact dermatitis that has_allergic_trigger members of the toxicodendron family, including urushiol producing poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, has_symptom pruritic erythematous rash with papules, vesicles, and plaques, and has_material_basis_in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"1,4-phenylenediamine allergic contact dermatitis",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0040058 1_1_d21a3wma,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'geneRecommender'?","A. The term 'GeneSelector' refers to a filter selecting those genes which are consistently identified as differentially expressed using various statistical procedures. 'Selected' genes are those present at the top of the list in various featured ranking methods (currently 15). In addition, the stability of the findings can be taken in account in the final ranking by examining perturbed versions of the original data set, e.g. by leaving samples, swapping class labels, generating bootstrap replicates or adding noise. B. Tools for meta-analysis in the presence of hierarchical (and/or sampling) dependence, including with gene expression studies C. This package contains a targeted clustering algorithm for the analysis of microarray data. The algorithm can aid in the discovery of new genes with similar functions to a given list of genes already known to have closely related functions. D. Functions to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,geneRecommender,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000551 1_1_p46lz8r4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chondrocranium'?","A. Embryonic mesenchyme of pharyngeal arch derived from head mesoderm and neurectoderm. B. Embryonic mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm. C. Embryonic mesenchyme derived from neural crest cells. D. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which has its direct parts bones derived from cartilage.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Chondrocranium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76621 1_1_g7vtqhsm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'transferase complex'?","A. A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). B. Mesenchyme whose cells are embedded in obvious amounts of extracellular matrix. C. A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor). D. A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,transferase complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990234 1_1_nmj19dci,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'irritability and anger'?","A. The feeling of being anger or irritated B. Examples: fever >38 degrees c or hypothermia <36 degrees c; tachycardia >90 beat/minute; tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) leukocytosis >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. C. A condition of frequent and watery bowel movements. Causes of diarrhea include bacteria, viruses or parasites, certain medicines, food intolerances and diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine or colon. D. A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,irritability and anger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000446 1_1_ciuy8iwo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'duct of salivary gland'?","A. A tube in the respiratory system. Examples: bronchus, bronchiole, trachea. B. The duct of a salivary gland. C. A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. D. A duct of a sublingual gland.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,duct of salivary gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001837 1_1_nw6bnmxb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature'?","A. A smooth muscle cell of the bachiocephalic vasculature. B. A smooth muscle cell of the coronary artery. C. A smooth muscle cell of the umbilical artery. D. A smooth muscle of the pulmonary artery.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,smooth muscle cell of the brachiocephalic vasculature,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002589 1_1_v44t4jzn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Septal wall of left ventricle'?","A. Region of wall of left ventricle which is continuous with the free wall of left ventricle . B. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of the anterior, lateral and inferior wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the septal wall of left ventricle. C. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of endocardium, basal, mid and apical lateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and epicardium of lateral wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior and inferior walls of left ventricle. D. Region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the right and left posterior cusps of aortic valve and the anterior leaflet of mitral valve that is attached to the semilunar fibrous scallop of aortic valve anulus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Septal wall of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9345 1_1_urt9nwnk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'right subhepatic recess'?","A. The hepatorenal recess or subhepatic recess is the space that separates the liver from the right kidney. As a potential space, the recess is not filled with fluid under normal conditions. However, fluid can collect in this space in circumstances where the abdomen fills with fluid, such as hemoperitoneum. This fluid may be seen on ultrasound or computed tomography (CT scan). B. Compare with lesser sac / omental bursa and its cavities / recesses C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,right subhepatic recess,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006343 1_1_3bszlmxz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'Limburger cheese food product'?","A. A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. B. An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. C. A very strong smelling, soft cow's milk cheese made by fermentation involving the bacterium Brevibacterium linens. D. An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,Limburger cheese food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001128 1_1_h7cum1wv,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'plasma cell of medullary sinus of lymph node'?","A. A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for years, as opposed to months, secretes immunoglobulin, and has the phenotype weakly CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD38-negative, strongly CD138-positive, MHC Class II-negative, surface immunoglobulin-negative, IgD-negative, and strongly CXCR4-positive. The majority of these cells of this type reside in the bone marrow. B. A plasma cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. C. A plasma cell that is located in the medullary sinus of the lymph node. D. A fully differentiated plasma cell that lives for months.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,plasma cell of medullary sinus of lymph node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009059 1_1_uxw4ijz7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pulmonary vein'?","A. Vein in the pulmonary vemnous system. B. Vein in the systemic venous system. C. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some common basal vein that drains the lateral and anterior segments of the inferior lobe of some lung. D. Venous tree, each instance of which is the vena comitans of some subcostal artery on the left or right side; it joins some ascending lumbar vein to form some azygos vein on the right or some hemiazygos vein on the left.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pulmonary vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66643 1_1_i3x06dtj,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'amylin receptor activity'?","A. Combining with any member of the calcitonin family (e.g. adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 (intermedin), amylin, calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs)) to initiate a change in cell activity. B. Combining with adrenomedullin to initiate a change in cell activity. C. Combining with a calcitonin gene-related polypeptide (CGRP) to initiate a change in cell activity. D. Combining with amylin to initiate a change in cell activity.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,amylin receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097643 1_1_9iertni7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GMTK parameter data'?","A. Affymetrix-compliant data is data produced in a format compatible with Affymetrix software. This is a defined class where other data classes will be inferred to be members if they have a data format specification which has been published by Affymetrix. B. A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. C. GMTK parameter data is a type of data which contains the various parameter files required by GMTK to define a dynamic Bayesian network. D. Biological or biomedical data has been rendered into an image, typically for display on screen.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GMTK parameter data,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000073 1_1_5kp5sd7f,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice lead'?","A. An ice lead which occurs between the shore and pack ice. B. An ice lead between a mass of fast ice and a mass of pack ice. C. A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. D. A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ice lead,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001551 1_1_7s9my31z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of fatty acid oxidation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of butyryl-CoA catabolic process to butanol. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of methane biosynthetic process from 3-(methylthio)propionic acid. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of fatty acid oxidation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046320 1_1_q8kcv885,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alkyne'?","A. Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, RC#CR. B. Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having three carbon-carbon triple bonds. C. A pentayne that is tridecane which carries a double bond at position 1 and triple bonds at positions 3,5,7,9 and 11. It is a natural product which exhibits ovicidal and nematicidal activities. D. Acyclic (branched or unbranched) hydrocarbons having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alkyne,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339 1_1_xn0ljpex,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'disk flower'?","A. A small flower that is part of a spikelet . B. A small flower in the center of a head-type (capitulum) inflorescence . C. A flower that includes as part a single carpel or a gynoecium , but the androecium is absent or has aborted during development. D. A determinate reproductive shoot system that has as part at least one carpel or at least one stamen and does not contain any other determinate shoot system as a part.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,disk flower,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025332 1_1_3i1dju7p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oculocutaneous albinism type VII'?","A. An oculocutaneous albinism that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the OCA5 gene on chromosome 4q24. B. An oculocutaneous albinism that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the SLC45A2 gene on chromosome 5p13.2. C. An oculocutaneous albinism that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the TYRP1 gene on chromosome 9p23. D. An oculocutaneous albinism that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of C10orf11 on chromosome 10q22.2-q22.3.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,oculocutaneous albinism type VII,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070100 1_1_hwofbc76,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling weak'?","A. A subjective affective feeling of being not at ease or agitated. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. C. A subjective affective feeling of being wide awake, alert, having active attention and perception. D. A subjective affective feeling of weakness, lack of energy and/or capability, faintness, absence of strength.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling weak,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000119 1_1_j32wfewm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'subculture internet forum'?","A. An internet forum formed around or included members of a particular subcultural group or groups. B. Sex in which at least one participant's consent status is unclear. C. Internet forums pertaining to or otherwise related to LGBTQIA+ persons. D. An online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,subculture internet forum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005460 1_1_0kv2zczc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber Nickel concentration'?","A. The concentration of nickel in tuber B. The concentration of thallium in tuber C. The color of the chips D. The protocatechuic acid concentration in tuber",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber Nickel concentration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001126 1_1_9ju8s2ml,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical sad facial expression'?","A. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of disgust. B. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of anger. C. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of sadness. D. Characteristic facial expression made when a person is undergoing an experience of surprise.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical sad facial expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000182 1_1_x0r3tui8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'agonist'?","A. A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. B. Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. C. A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. D. Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,agonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48705 1_1_hq11kljj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryonic hemopoiesis'?","A. The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo. B. The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a myeloid cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,embryonic hemopoiesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035162 1_1_vln9ntrj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'media or communication worker, all other'?","A. Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. B. Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one language into another. C. All media and communication workers not listed separately. D. Teach academic, social, and life skills to preschool-aged students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"media or communication worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27309900 1_1_mgikw5hx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Silhouette sign'?","A. This finding is composed of a ring-shaped opacity representing a dilated bronchus in cross section and a smaller adjacent opacity representing its pulmonary artery, with the combination resembling a signet (or pearl) ring. It is the basic sign of bronchiectasis in pulmonary computed tomography imaging. B. The silhouette sign is the absence of depiction of an anatomic soft-tissue border. It is caused by consolidation and/or atelectasis of the adjacent lung, by a large mass, or by contiguous pleural fluid. The silhouette sign results from the juxtaposition of structures of similar radiographic attenuation. The sign actually refers to the absence of a silhouette. C. A crescent of air surrounding a soft-tissue mass in a pulmonary cavity and can be seen in both plain X-ray and CT scan. D. The tree-in-bud pattern represents centrilobular branching structures that resemble a budding tree. The pattern reflects a spectrum of endo- and peribronchiolar disorders, including mucoid impaction, inflammation, and/or fibrosis (See Figure 70 of PMID:18195376).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Silhouette sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033647 1_1_uz8yjkhf,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Condition Assessment'?","A. This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period. The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement, or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that is relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions, and concepts. This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of “determination,” i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E14 Condition Assessment,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E14_Condition_Assessment 1_1_j0iq5jrr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tonsillar macrophage'?","A. A gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in the Peyer's patches. B. A gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in lamina propria of the gut. C. A gut-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in tonsils. D. A mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage found in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues of the gut.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tonsillar macrophage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000869 1_1_hb68d4w4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'derecho'?","A. A widespread convectively induced straight-line windstorm. B. Island arcs that develop along the edges of a continent (for example, large parts of the Andes/ Central American/ Canadian mountain chain) may be known as a volcanic arc or volcanic chain. [Wikipedia] C. A conversion from one coordinate system to another, for example to a common spatial grid. D. The energy required to extract water from a porous medium to overcome the capillary and adsorptive forces.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,derecho,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/Derecho 1_1_mh29h0ww,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'intention to quit substance use'?","A. A behavioural intention to stop using a psychoactive substance indefinitely. B. A behavioural intention to stop smoking indefinitely. C. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. D. A to commit to enact or not enact a behaviour",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,intention to quit substance use,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001368 1_1_3fecuacj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'racial prejudice'?","A. Prejudice based on one's race. B. Prejudice based on one's disease status. C. Prejudice based on one's ethnicity. D. Prejudice based on one's age.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,racial prejudice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002877 1_1_s236r7im,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'satisfaction'?","A. A negative emotion that is aversive and provoked by the prospect of distal threat. B. A negative emotion felt when an event is appraised as unpleasant and resulting in loss or failure. C. An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency. D. Satisfaction is an emotion that is experienced when one's wishes, expectations or needs are fulfilled.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,satisfaction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000169 1_1_b5z1bagl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-11,14-dienoyl-CoA'?","A. A 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-11,14-dienoic acid. B. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (3S,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosapentaenoic acid. C. An oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of 3-oxodecanoic acid. D. A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (3R,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-3-hydroxytetracosatetraenoic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(11Z,14Z)-3-oxoicosa-11,14-dienoyl-CoA",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74109 1_1_bnh0cmqy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'peat swamp'?","A. Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. B. Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. C. A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. D. Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,peat swamp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000189 1_1_x1azg5u4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to lithium ion'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,response to lithium ion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010226 1_1_0o2pzpk4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve'?","A. Leaflet of tricuspid valve which is attached to the anterior and posterior papillary muscles through the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle. B. Leaf of caridac valve which has as its parts the anterior, posterior and septal leaflets that is is attached to the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle and the fibrous ring of tricuspid valve. C. Leaflet of tricuspid valve which is attached to the posterior and septal papillary muscles through the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle. D. Leaflet of tricuspid valve which is attached to the anterior and septal papillary muscles through the chorda tendinea of right ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7239 1_1_eqx6wuhg,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant state description - estimation'?","A. Finger feel assessment of smashed and unsmashed fruit pulp B. Visually observe the fusion of pedicels and choose the option that is most similar, from the 3 photos of descriptor 6.7.11. in the reference materials. Observe before they join the rachis at the bract scar. Look upwards from the bottom of the bunch. C. Visual estimation of bunch quality, for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. D. Record a description of the state of the plant.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant state description - estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010340 1_1_yskb2fab,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sandstone'?","A. A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. B. A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. C. A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. D. A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sandstone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002055 1_1_vsj2gmdc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'midbrain nucleus'?","A. Nucleus located within the hindbrain. B. A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. C. Nucleus located in the midbrain. D. A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,midbrain nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009661 1_1_pij44qcb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy'?","A. A corneal dystrophy that is characterized by abnormal deposition of proteins in the cornea and is caused by mutations in TGFBI gene of chromosome 5q. B. An epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy that is characterized by recurrent erosions and irregular geographic opacification located_in the cornea, proteinaceous deposits in the anterior stroma and subepithelium, and progressive early vision loss, and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation of transforming growth factor beta-induced gene located in chromosome 5q31.1, which encodes keratoepithelin. Abnormalities lead to increased protein deposition and disruption especially of Bowman's membrane of the cornea. C. A corneal dystrophy that primarily affects the corneal epithelium and its basement membrane. D. A corneal dystrophy that is characterized by changes in Descemet's membrane and endothelial layer.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060441 1_1_571jxhrr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pronouns by grammatical person'?","A. A word used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others. They are typically deictic; their meaning depending on a particular frame of reference and cannot be understood without context. B. A word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase. It is a particular case of a pro-form. C. Pronouns as organized by grammatical person. D. A pronoun which is associated with or otherwise related to a particular grammatical gender and/or personal gender (the gender of a person).",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pronouns by grammatical person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010101 1_1_wum7tlgq,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'emotional behavioural process'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus. B. Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. C. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. D. An emotional behavioural process is the behaviour of the organism in response to the appraisal, which includes the characteristic facial expressions for particular emotion types.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,emotional behavioural process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000004 1_1_noasyxzm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'rift valley'?","A. Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] B. A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. [Wikipedia] C. An Ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted or emplaced to be exposed within continental crustal rocks. [Wikipedia] D. In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,rift valley,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/RiftValley 1_1_1skqtta9,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'zone of uterine tube'?","A. An organ zone of the uterine tube. B. Organ region, each instance of which has one or more floating fiat boundaries. C. An organ zone of the ovary. D. One of the fimbria of the uterine tube which is long enough to reach the ovary.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,zone of uterine tube,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma18302 1_1_0kemmayr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'raceme inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of pedicellate flowers on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis . B. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes that bear pedicellate flowers in a single plane, with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis, found at the center of the inflorescence. C. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of a radially-enlarged, determinate, first order inflorescence axis with sessile flowers . D. An inflorescence , with a monopodial growth habit, which at anthesis is composed of an indeterminate first order inflorescence axis and sessile flowers , or spikelets , on indeterminate higher order inflorescence axes .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,raceme inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030115 1_1_d4392po3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole'?","A. A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-fluorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile. B. A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1. C. A monocarboxylic acid that is oxoacetic acid substituted by a (ethoxymethyl)(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)amino group at position 2. It is a metabolite of acetochlor. D. A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of N-methoxymethanimidamide.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83682 1_1_mfsc4d3b,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'asphalt road'?","A. A small road, generally not paved. B. A road which is usable across all seasons. C. A road which is primarily composed of concrete. D. A road which is primarily composed of asphalt.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,asphalt road,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001277 1_1_5chp3yvd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinitis pigmentosa 73'?","A. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the HGSNAT gene on chromosome 8p11. B. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ZNF408 gene on chromosome 11p11. C. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the KLHL7 gene on chromosome 7p15.3. D. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the IFT140 gene on chromosome 16p13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinitis pigmentosa 73,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110389 1_1_v66mbnde,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'electrical switch'?","A. An environmental material which is composed of elastic polymers mixed in a solvent. B. A manufactured product which has been designed to contain a mass of biomaterial. C. A product which is composed primarily of paper. D. A manufactured product which is capable of connecting or disconnecting the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,electrical switch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600005 1_1_dmxc8n2v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other specified inflammatory liver diseases'?","A. A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body. B. Disease resulting in the inflammation of the liver C. Inflammation of the liver in humans caused by hepatitis b virus lasting six months or more. D. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Other specified inflammatory liver diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000507 1_1_psgepayu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebral cortex'?","A. The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. B. A fascicle that is part of a brain. C. A cortical cell layer of the cerebellum. Examples: the granular (inner+outer) layer, molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and the ventricular layer of the embryo. D. Regional part of telencephalon in some species, e.g., rodent, equivalent to the dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). Unlike the dorsal striatum of primates, for example, the caudoputamen is not split into separate nuclei by the fibers of the internal capsule. Rather, the internal capsule splits into fiber bundles which course through the structure.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,cerebral cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000956 1_1_nhstnolm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein metabolic process'?","A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of protein metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051247 1_1_hn9bwyyd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Landau-Kleffner syndrome'?","A. A childhood electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by the loss of language comprehension (auditory verbal agnosia) and verbal expression (aphasia) in association with severely abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings during sleep and clinical seizures in most patients. B. A childhood electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by brief and frequent absence seizures in children with age of onset between four and ten years. C. A childhood electroclinical syndrome characterized by partial seizures involving the rolandic area of the brain and electroencephalographic centrotemporal sharp waves. D. A childhood electroclinical syndrome characterized by the occurrence of typical absence seizures starting between the age of four and ten years.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Landau-Kleffner syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2538 1_1_bxpu5dq5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'blood plasma'?","A. The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. B. Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. C. Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]. D. A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,blood plasma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 1_1_acpk0yq6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'highway maintenance worker'?","A. Set up and operate digital, letterpress, lithographic, flexographic, gravure, or other printing machines. Includes short-run offset printing presses. B. Repair and service bicycles. C. Maintain highways, municipal and rural roads, airport runways, and rights-of-way. Duties include patching broken or eroded pavement and repairing guard rails, highway markers, and snow fences. May also mow or clear brush from along road, or plow snow from roadway. D. Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,highway maintenance worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47405100 1_1_j50fuzqp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petiole'?","A. A stalk that supports an archegonium head . B. A stalk that is the basal part of an antheridium . C. A stalk of a leaflet . D. A stalk of a vascular leaf .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petiole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020038 1_1_4ckeeai1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'B cell activation involved in immune response'?","A. The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. B. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. C. The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. D. The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,B cell activation involved in immune response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002312 1_1_ewum08go,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem pubescence class'?","A. Tertiary achene stripe colour B. Primary achene shape also used when only one achene shape is recorded C. Percent resistant plants to downy mildew (plasmopara halstedii) race 3. D. Stem pubescence",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem pubescence class,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000872 1_1_4bldg9fz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed width length ratio'?","A. The shape of seeds. B. The thickness of pods. C. The ground colour of standard petal (flag). D. The seed width/length ratio.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed width length ratio,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_365:0000068 1_1_9y6fysos,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pilot randomised controlled trial'?","A. A pilot controlled trial in which what is piloted is a randomised controlled trial. B. A tobacco-containing product that contains a tobacco stick that it heats to cause minimal or no combustion to produce smoke or a vapour for inhalation by a person. C. A pilot trial in which a controlled trial is being piloted. D. A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pilot randomised controlled trial,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000886 1_1_xzc20bja,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'material entity in digestive tract'?","A. Any material entity that is located in the digestive tract. This includes undigested food and liquid as well as unexcreted waste products. It also includes other entities such as ingested stones used to aid digestion. Any microbial cells or cell populations are also included. B. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. C. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. D. Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,material entity in digestive tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035118 1_1_rorz1jba,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified bacterial agents as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere'?","A. Sepsis (when the body's response to an infection is out of balance) caused by a staph infection. Could lead to organ damage or failure B. bacteria that infect the body cause diseases C. Diseases in body caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria D. bacteria that infect the body cause diseases",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified bacterial agents as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000324 1_1_4w3bjaac,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Physical Thing'?","A. This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code, or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units. It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string. In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. “bit”, “Latin character”, RGB pixel).Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not. Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature. This definition coincides with the definition of “fiat objects”, with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects” (Smith & Varzi, 2000).Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation. Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural. Depending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land, etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter. An instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). The CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E18 Physical Thing,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E18_Physical_Thing 1_1_jqz9njmo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral root cap epidermal initial cell'?","A. A root initial cell that produces root cortex and root endodermis . In direct contact with quiescent center . B. A root initial cell that produces columella cells in the root cap . In direct contact with quiescent center . C. An initial cell that is part of a root apical meristem and by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains in the meristem, while the other is produces different root cells. D. A root initial cell that produces lateral root cap cells and root epidermis .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lateral root cap epidermal initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000061 1_1_g1417pon,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. C. The luminal epithelium of the tube that conducts the urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder[MP]. D. A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032531 1_1_qnxkzqsp,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'sadness'?","A. A negative emotion felt when an event is appraised as unpleasant and resulting in loss or failure. B. A negative emotion in response to a stressful elicitor. May be acute or chronic. Associated with health implications, such as impaired resistance to infectious diseases. [Source: OCEAS] C. Disappointment is a negative emotion which is triggered by the disconfirmation of the prospect of a desirable event. [Source: OCEAS] D. A positive emotion which is sought out and is associated with happiness and satisfaction.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,sadness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000056 1_1_5ghtwem7,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dyspnea'?","A. main symptom of dyspnea is labored breathing. It's definition as a word is ""labored breathing"" B. shortness of breath C. A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. D. this is a symptom of many diseases that attack the respiratory system",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,dyspnea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000429 1_1_8t82q4wu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mate food product'?","A. A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. B. A beverage product derived from leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). C. A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. D. A slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mate food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001247 1_1_kzec0vzs,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral humeral ridge'?","A. A region of the serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart. B. A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition]. C. Any skeletal muscle that is part of the head region. D. A distinct bony ridge on ventralsurface of the humeral shaft that corresponds to the attachment site of the pectoralis muscle.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ventral humeral ridge,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200010 1_1_onasdd2r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B'?","A. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Escherichia coli bacteria B. Group B (i.e.,Streptococcus agalactiae) streptococci are a major cause of neonatal sepsis and pneumonia. In adults, pneumonia accounts for approximately 15% of adult infections by group B streptococci. Most adults with group B streptococcal pneumonia are debilitated and develop pneumonia as a consequence of aspiration. C. Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae). This type of pneumonia is also called atypical pneumonia because the symptoms are different from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria. D. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive, lancet-shaped bacterium and a cause of community-acquired pneumonia.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Pneumonia due to streptococcus, group B",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000231 1_1_bfdl9k06,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left vortex of heart'?","A. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior aspect of inferior region of head of pancreas. B. Vortex of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of left ventricle. C. Vortex of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of right ventricle. D. Optic nerve which is continuous with the left retina and the optic chiasm.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left vortex of heart,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84630 1_1_lifk1s1n,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'rofecoxib'?","A. A mixture of hydrogenated ergot alkaloids consisting of the methanesulfonic acid salts of dihydroergocornine (R = CHMe2), dihydroergocristine (R = CH2Ph), and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine (R = CH2CHMe2 and CH(Me)Et, respectively). It is used for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate dementia in the elderly, although its value is not established. B. An aminosulfinic acid comprising ethylamine having the sulfo group at the 2-position. C. A butenolide that is furan-2(5H)-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 3 and by a p-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl group at position 4. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was used from 1999 to 2004 for the treatment of ostoarthritis, but was withdrawn following concerns about an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke. D. A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and p-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,rofecoxib,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8887 1_1_8fxb0qqx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'accumulation'?","A. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. B. A structural quality of the collection or massing of one physical object within another physical object. C. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's underlying structure being capable of change. D. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,accumulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002269 1_1_1atqzv5x,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete spikeLI'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete spikeLI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000703 1_1_vg0ol1jc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'nut fruit'?","A. A fruit which develops from a gynoecium and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp , dry mesocarp , and dry endocarp that are not fused to a seed coat . B. A fruit which develops from a carpel and at maturity comprises a fleshy exocarp , fleshy mesocarp , and a stony endocarp . C. A fruit which develops from a carpel or gyneocium and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp , a dry mesocarp , and a dry endocarp that are connected to a seed coat by a funicle . D. A fruit which develops from a gynoecium and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp , dry mesocarp , and dry endocarp that separate into mericarps .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,nut fruit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030102 1_1_2n8pjy8g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'LPPL v1.2'?","A. LPPL v1.2 is a free software license (by the defintion of the GNU Project), This license is an incomplete statement of the distribution terms for LaTeX. While it is a free software license, it is incompatible with the GPL because it has many requirements that are not in the GPL. Software projects other than LaTeX rarely use it. B. LPPL v1.3 is a free software license (by the defintion of the GNU Project), with less stringent requirements on distribution than LPPL 1.2. It is still incompatible with the GPL because some modified versions must include a copy of or pointer to an unmodified version.Software projects other than LaTeX rarely use it. C. The BRENDA License is a vendor-specific license which allows access to the official website and its data free of charge. Any inclusion of BRENDA components into other data bases, or redistribution of BRENDA requires a license. To obtain commercial in-house versions please contact our distributor Biobase GmbH ( http://www.biobase-international.com). In-house versions for academic users are available from Enzymeta GmbH (http://www.enzymeta.de). The copyright of the printed version is held by Springer publishers. Users of the website may retrieve a copy of the data but must not alter the BRENDA data or charge money for a copy of it, and must not distribute any BRENDA data without prior permission of the copyright holder. As there are separate licenses for in-house versions of BRENDA, please note that this license only describes the website-accessible version of BRENDA. D. TCoffee is a multiple sequence alignment program with a number of different modes.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,LPPL v1.2,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000054 1_1_ie7njjqz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to sulfur dioxide'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methionine stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to sulfur dioxide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071252 1_1_01l5ztky,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'wellhead pumper'?","A. Operate power pumps and auxiliary equipment to produce flow of oil or gas from wells in oil field. B. Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile and marble setters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. C. Collect and dump refuse or recyclable materials from containers into truck. May drive truck. D. In a gambling establishment, conduct financial transactions for patrons. Accept patron's credit application and verify credit references to provide check-cashing authorization or to establish house credit accounts. May reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons, or to other workers for resale to patrons. May convert gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon patron's request. May use a cash register or computer to record transaction.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,wellhead pumper,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53707300 1_1_gbqyh6z2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'important other'?","A. A person with whom someone has a sufficiently close relationship that they are willing to discuss important matters. B. A person who was a tobacco smoker in the past but who is not currently a tobacco smoker. C. A person whose identity is female, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being female, usually (but not always) reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones. D. A person who is between the ages of 13 and 19.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,important other,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001280 1_1_mhx11rvf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'neural nucleus'?","A. A retailer that sells alcohol beverages. B. A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. C. A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). D. A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,neural nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000125 1_1_oyzf5hxr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'palpebral fissure'?","A. Process arising from the posterior or postero-dorsal margin of the cleithrum dorsally adjacent to the insertion of the pectoral fin. Posterior cleithral process is paired. B. Orifice separating upper and lower eyelids. In the human adult this measures about 10mm vertically and 30 mm horizontally. It can be reduced in size in fetal alcohol syndrome. In Trisomy 9 the palpebral fissures can be upslanting. [WP,modified]. C. A roof plate that is part of a metencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. D. Region of the adenohypophysis which secretes melanophore-stimulating hormone, affecting the integumentary chromatophores.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,palpebral fissure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001819 1_1_dpbd52q1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transient decreased circulating IgG1'?","A. A lasting decrease of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in the blood. B. A temporary reduction beneath the normal level of total immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in the blood circulation. C. A reduction in immunoglobulin levels of the IgG1 subclass in the blood circulation. D. Any deviation from the normal concentration of asparagine in the blood circulation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Transient decreased circulating IgG1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041067 1_1_qgmubzsb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerospace engineer'?","A. Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry. B. Perform engineering duties in designing, constructing, and testing aircraft, missiles, and spacecraft. May conduct basic and applied research to evaluate adaptability of materials and equipment to aircraft design and manufacture. May recommend improvements in testing equipment and techniques. C. Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems, and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations, programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow. Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine system performance and functionality. D. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,aerospace engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17201100 1_1_ynornywp,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'water cooling'?","A. A drainage process during which water is transported away from peat. B. A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. C. A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. D. A material transport process during which liquid water is circulated in the vicinity of a heat source in order to absorb thermal energy and transport it away form that source.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,water cooling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000146 1_1_bsbrtj8m,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'subsidence'?","A. Subsidence is the motion of a surface (usually, the Earth's surface) as it shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. [Wikipedia] B. Removal of pollutants out of the top of the atmospheric boundary layer through the mixed-layer capping inversion. Normally pollutants cannot escape through the capping inversion. However, penetrating cumulus clouds, thunderstorms, mountain circulations, and frontal circulations can force polluted air through the inversion to vent pollutants into the free atmosphere. C. A wave disturbance with restoring forces that include buoyancy and the elastic compressibility of the fluid medium. D. Weathering is the decomposition of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere. Weathering occurs in situ, or with no movement, and thus should not to be confused with erosion, which involves the movement and disintegration of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, wind and gravity.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,subsidence,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolGeomorphology/Subsidence 1_1_mc6052bg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'genemeta'?","A. Detection of similarities between ordered lists of genes. Thereby, either simple lists can be compared or gene expression data can be used to deduce the lists. Significance of similarities is evaluated by shuffling lists or by resampling in microarray data, respectively. B. A collection of meta-analysis tools for analysing high throughput experimental data C. Decomposition of Isotopic Patterns D. Synthetic datasets to a) demonstrate the usage of bioconductor packages, b) write unit tests, while keeping dependencies and ressources usage minimal.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,genemeta,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000556 1_1_iiw1wbrr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'abuse potential of a substance'?","A. A product disposition that is realised as harm processes resulting from its use. B. Product harm potential from a population using a product. C. A psychoactive substance disposition that is its propensity to lead people who use the substance to develop a harmful pattern of consumption. D. Product harm potential from an individual using the product.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,abuse potential of a substance,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000188 1_1_mc6htcsu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpine glacier'?","A. A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. B. A glacier which 1) flows for all or most of its length within the walls of a valley, in consequence having a distinct tongue and a well-defined outline and 2) descends from either high mountains, from an ice cap on a plateau, or from an ice sheet. C. A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. D. An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,alpine glacier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000085 1_1_6iapxrlx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flower color'?","A. The predominant color of seeds. B. The most prominent color of flowers. C. The beak position of pods. D. The secondary color, when present, of seeds.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flower color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0000998 1_1_a89uisei,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'aromatic compound'?","A. Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. B. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. C. A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. D. A molecule that features two fused rings.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,aromatic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33655 1_1_fjjogw0a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 22'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella, resulting in lack of sperm motility, that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the WDR19 gene on chromosome 4p14. B. A spermatogenic failure characterized by nonobstructive azoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the ZSWIM7 gene on chromosome 17p12. C. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of impaired or absent sperm motility and increased incidence of morphologically abnormal sperm that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CATSPER1 gene on chromosome 11q13. D. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of spermatocyte maturation arrest resulting in azoospermia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MEIOB gene on chromosome 16p13.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 22,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070177 1_1_u9k0u1lw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other symptoms and signs involving cognitive functions and awareness'?","A. A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. B. A category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem solving. C. main symptom of dyspnea is labored breathing. It's definition as a word is ""labored breathing"" D. A disorder characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other symptoms and signs involving cognitive functions and awareness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000445 1_1_4qdpytgr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'pond bed'?","A. The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. B. A submerged bed which underlies a marine water body. C. The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. D. The portion of the ground surface which lies below water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,pond bed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000512 1_1_kgd3cted,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Web Service'?","A. Web Service, which is used in the definition of attributes for Message Start Event, Message Intermediate Event, Message End Event, Receive Task, Send Task, Service Task, and User Task, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. InputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Inclusive Gateway D. Gather the set of attributes of a Business Process Diagram",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Web Service,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#web_service 1_1_o04ecvd2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'writing'?","A. A skill realized in analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. B. A skill realized in communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. C. A skill realized in considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one. D. A skill realized in matching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,writing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000054 1_1_akapqx1x,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of interleukin-25 production'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of interleukin-25 production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032709 1_1_dwh6s6gm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panicle moisture content - Measurement'?","A. Record the decorticated grain weight of a sample after dehulling. B. Record the date of sowing. C. Measure length of the peduncle emerged from flag leaf sheath to base of the panicle. D. Measure humidity content of a sample using humidity sensor.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Panicle moisture content - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000478 1_1_mmzyvt0l,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'heel spur'?","A. A brain cancer that is usually located in the brain, but can occur anywhere in the central nervous system. B. An exostosis that results_in an abnormal growth located_in calcaneus. C. An exostosis that has_material_basis_in a mutation on the genes EXT1, EXT2 and EXT3 which results in multiple bony spurs throughout a child's growth. D. A hyperostosis that involves formation of new bone on the surface of preexisting bone.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,heel spur,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_210 1_1_dsuof94d,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'left adrenal gland medulla'?","A. The adrenal gland medulla that is in the right side of the abdomen. B. The adrenal gland medulla that is in the left side of the abdomen. C. The inner portion of the adrenal gland that consists mainly of chromaffin cells which produce, store and secrete neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. D. An increased concentration of histidine in the urine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,left adrenal gland medulla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035826 1_1_ui6167j5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Percentage of plants with internal disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - computation'?","A. Ratio of non green to green plant pixels B. Leaf area difference between timepoints (refer to experimental metadata) C. Calculate as: the sum of the Number of fingers in 3rd hand and the Number of fingers in 2nd-most distal hand, divided by 2, and multiplied by the Number of hands in bunch, e.g. (16 + 12) / 2 * 8 = 112. D. Calculate as: the sum of the number of plants with any or multiple of the internal disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - discolouration in the corm, and/or discolouration in the pseudostem - divided by the Number of plants planted * 100, e.g. 108 / 300 * 100 = 36%.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Percentage of plants with internal disease symptoms caused by Fusarium wilt - computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000082 1_1_ofrvusje,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'epidermolysis bullosa simplex localized type'?","A. An epidermolysis bullosa that is characterized by recurrent blistering at the level of the epidermis secondary to minor trauma, which can cause limited wounds, dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, severe infection, among other issues, and has_material_basis_in mutation in the KRT5, KRT14, or PLEC genes, which encode keratin and plectin proteins that provide resilience in skin. B. An epidermolysis bullosa simplex characterized by generalized blistering with mottled hyper- and hypopigmentation of the skin that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in KRT5 on chromosome 12q13.13. C. An epidermolysis bullosa simplex that is characterized by skin blistering that begins anytime between childhood and adulthood and is usually limited to the hands and feet. D. An epidermolysis bullosa simplex that is characterized by widespread blisters that appear at birth or in early infancy.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,epidermolysis bullosa simplex localized type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080510 1_1_zbl1kr13,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'alkaline salt lake'?","A. A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. B. A saline lake which has a high pH. C. A lake which is primarily composed of brackish water, having a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. D. A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,alkaline salt lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002121 1_1_m38puso3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of helpers, laborer, or material mover, hand'?","A. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards. B. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of helpers, laborers, or material movers, hand. C. Sort and deliver mail for the United States Postal Service (USPS). Deliver mail on established route by vehicle or on foot. Includes postal service mail carriers employed by USPS contractors. D. Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"first-line supervisor of helpers, laborer, or material mover, hand",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53104200 1_1_4a0n6mgn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'branched pectoral fin ray'?","A. Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the second most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented. B. Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that, in a linear sequence, is the fifth most anterior pectoral ray that it is usually branched and segmented. C. Pectoral fin lepidotrichium 1 is the leading or marginal ray of the fin and articulates with the scapula. Lepidotrichium 1 is commonly segmented but unbranched but occasionally may be a massive strong unsegmented element (e.g., spine). D. Pectoral fin lepidotrichium that is distally branched and segmented.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,branched pectoral fin ray,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001993 1_1_k6k8o9im,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'convert'?","A. Quantile smoothing and genomic visualization of array data B. This package provides classes and methods to support Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). C. Detection of similarities between ordered lists of genes. Thereby, either simple lists can be compared or gene expression data can be used to deduce the lists. Significance of similarities is evaluated by shuffling lists or by resampling in microarray data, respectively. D. Define coerce methods for microarray data objects.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,convert,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000504 1_1_5vrx3gin,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'demersal zone'?","A. The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the euphotic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity. B. The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from other zones. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. C. The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone. D. The thermocline (sometimes metalimnion) is a layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,demersal zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/DemersalZone 1_1_8a6dvmu3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'orthodontist'?","A. Communicate and coordinate with management, shareholders, customers, and employees to address sustainability issues. Enact or oversee a corporate sustainability strategy. B. Examine, diagnose, and treat dental malocclusions and oral cavity anomalies. Design and fabricate appliances to realign teeth and jaws to produce and maintain normal function and to improve appearance. C. Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants. D. All dentists not listed separately.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,orthodontist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29102300 1_1_agd38bw4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal arch 6'?","A. The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. B. One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. C. The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. D. The second pharyngeal arch will form the hyoid apparatus. The cranial neural crest cells that populate the second pharyngeal arch emerge primarily from rhombomere 4 and will form skeletal elements.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pharyngeal arch 6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003117 1_1_cyc943l9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pgUtils'?","A. Functions for creating PostgreSQL database tables, with auto incrementing primary keys, selection of foreign keys to allow referencial integrity and a logging mechanism. B. The purpose of this package is to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for quality assessment and to identify differentially expressed genes in the Affymetrix gene expression data. C. This package implements several functions useful for analysis of SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expressen) data, i.e. extraction of a SAGE library from sequence files, sequence error correction, library comparison D. The package is able to read bead-level data (raw TIFFs and text files) output by BeadScan as well as bead-summary data from BeadStudio. Methods for quality assessment and low-level analysis are provided.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pgUtils,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000656 1_1_6xu6wfur,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyatomic anion'?","A. An anion consisting of more than one atom. B. An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. C. A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. D. An ion consisting of more than one atom.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,polyatomic anion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33273 1_1_fr3r5m3y,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'corymb inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with sympodial and monopodial growth habits, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers , with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axes of the second order inflorescences . B. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis and pedicellate flowers on paired, determinate higher order inflorescence axes . C. An inflorescence with both monopodial and sympodial growth habits, which at flowering stage , is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis , and determinate higher order inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers that collectively form a convex plane of flowers. D. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of sessile flowers on a radially-enlarged, indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis , and a basal, enveloping inflorescence bract .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,corymb inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030124 1_1_177e4z47,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'raising eyebrows'?","A. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyebrows are raised. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the person frowns. C. A facial expression behaviour which appears very neutral (showing no expression). D. Characteristic facial expressions that are made when a person is undergoing a so-called ""basic"" emotions. These are canonical, that is, individual facial expressions when undergoing emotions can vary or not change at all. However, research indicates evidence for the existence of characteristic canonical facial expressions that are displayed when experiencing certain emotions even across cultures.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,raising eyebrows,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000129 1_1_v01irgly,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lodging susceptibility'?","A. A trait describing status of susceptibilty of genotypes to lodging B. A trait indicating number of seeds per pod C. Number of basal secondary branches per plant D. Seed diameter",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Lodging susceptibility,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000090 1_1_fhdhugh1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'police identification or records officer'?","A. Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media; remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries. B. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 3. C. Assemble and operate equipment to record, synchronize, mix, edit, or reproduce sound, including music, voices, or sound effects, for theater, video, film, television, podcasts, sporting events, and other productions. D. Collect evidence at crime scene, classify and identify fingerprints, and photograph evidence for use in criminal and civil cases.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,police identification or records officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33302102 1_1_glallcy6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'deep artery of penis'?","A. The deep artery of the penis (artery to the corpus cavernosum), one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (deep perineal pouch). It pierces the inferior fascia, and, entering the crus penis obliquely, runs forward in the center of the corpus cavernosum penis, to which its branches are distributed. B. Any of the two testis-carrying compartments of the scrotum. C. The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis. D. An epithelium that is part of a efferent duct.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,deep artery of penis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008321 1_1_4k6ln34u,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-nitroso-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine'?","A. Any nitroso compound in which a carbon atom of an organyl group is attached to the sulfur atom of a nitrosothio group: R-S-N=O. B. A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with the amino group of 4-nitrosobenzylamine. C. A carbon oxoacid that is carbonic acid in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a nitrosoxy group. At physiological pH, nitrosoperoxycarbonic acid is highly unstable, rapidly decomposing to give CO2, NO2, and hydroxyl radicals. D. A member of the class of imidazopyrimidines that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine substituted at positions 2 and 3 by phenyl and nitroso groups respectively.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3-nitroso-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78015 1_1_i44feikr,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in vasodilation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism. D. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the event or object is not important to the person's goals or needs.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in vasodilation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044551 1_1_hsg5zjyi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepal primordium'?","A. A floral structure primordium that is committed to the development of an anther . B. A phyllome primordium that develops from a sepal anlagen and is committed to the development of a sepal . C. A phyllome primordium that develops from a lodicule anlagen and is committed to the development of a lodicule . D. A portion of vascular leaf primordium that is distal to the axis of the shoot apical meristem and develops into the abaxial side of the leaf lamina .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepal primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004704 1_1_jpi1j3xt,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'retroarc foreland basin'?","A. A forearc is a depression (basin) in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] B. Transpression basins are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] C. Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rocks that is deposited in a deep marine facies in the foreland basin of a developing orogen. Flysch is formed under deep marine circumstances, in a quiet and low-energetic depositional environment. [Wikipedia] D. Retroarc (Retro) foreland basins occur on the plate that overrides during plate convergence or collision (i.e. situated behind the magmatic arc that is linked with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere). [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,retroarc foreland basin,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolBasin/RetroarcForelandBasin 1_1_3czvrgc3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dysplastic iliac wing'?","A. An anomaly of the ilium ala. This is the large expanded portion of the ilum which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. B. Increased size of the ilium ala. C. A general term that describes a congenital defect in the iliac wing resulting from abnormal development. D. Underdevelopment of the ilium ala.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Dysplastic iliac wing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008794 1_1_nbi2devv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'nose skin'?","A. A zone of skin that is part of a cheek. B. A zone of skin that is part of a external nose. C. A zone of skin that is part of a lip [Automatically generated definition]. D. A zone of skin that is part of the face.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,nose skin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015476 1_1_dopqdeco,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide-carbohydrate in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009134 1_1_43hfnjqm,"In the ontology of Organization, which of the following definitions best describes 'Membership'?","A. An Organization such as a University Support Unit which is part of some larger FormalOrganization and only has full recognition within the context of that FormalOrganization, it is not a Legal Entity in its own right. Units can be large and complex containing other Units and even FormalOrganizations. Alternative names: _OU_ _Unit_ _Department_ B. A collaboration between two or more Organizations such as a project. It meets the criteria for being an Organization in that it has an identity and defining purpose independent of its particular members but is neither a formally recognized legal entity nor a sub-unit within some larger organization. Might typically have a shorter lifetime than the Organizations within it, but not necessarily. All members are `org:Organization`s rather than individuals and those Organizations can play particular roles within the venture. Alternative names: _Project_ _Venture_ _Endeavour_ _Consortium_ _Endeavour_ C. Indicates the nature of an Agent's membership of an organization. Represents an n-ary relation between an Agent, an Organization and a Role. It is possible to directly indicate membership, independent of the specific Role, through use of the `org:memberOf` property. D. Represents a collection of people organized together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the set of people belonging to it and can act as an Agent. Organizations are often decomposable into hierarchical structures. It is recommended that SKOS lexical labels should be used to label the Organization. In particular `skos:prefLabel` for the primary (possibly legally recognized name), `skos:altLabel` for alternative names (trading names, colloquial names) and `skos:notation` to denote a code from a code list. Alternative names: _Collective_ _Body_ _Org_ _Group_",C,1_1,business_finance/organization_ontology,Membership,http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Membership 1_1_1uynoo8a,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Darwin tubercle of helix'?","A. Small expansion of the helical fold at the junction of the superior and descending portions of the helix. B. Permanent indentation on the posteromedial aspect of the helix that may be sharply or indistinctly delineated. C. Any structural anomaly of the border of the helix, which usually forms a rolled rim but is highly variable in shape. D. An abnormality of the helix. The helix is the outer rim of the ear that extends from the insertion of the ear on the scalp (root) to the termination of the cartilage at the earlobe.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Darwin tubercle of helix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011261 1_1_16dg79tu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Integumentary system'?","A. Organ system which consists of heart, systemic and pulmonary arterial and trees, and lymphatic and portal venous trees and body substance contained within. B. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its direct parts instances of one or more organ types which are interconnected with one another by zones of continuity. Examples: nervous system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system. C. Organ system which has as direct parts skin and superficial fascia. Examples: There is only one integument. D. Anatomical context: Organ system, each instance of which consists of tubular and cavernous structures related to airflow from some mouth and nose to some lungs and vice-versa. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration (gas exchange).",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Integumentary system,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74657 1_1_ckpzw4rw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic aortic aneurysm'?","A. An aortic disease that is characterized by an enlargement (dilation) of the aorta to greater than 1.5 times normal size. B. An aortic aneurysm that is located_in the thoracic aorta. C. An aortic aneurysm that is located_in the abdominal aorta. D. A combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous mutation in the POLRMT gene on chromosome 19p13.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,thoracic aortic aneurysm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14004 1_1_gxkdewgf,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure ulcer of back'?","A. Injury to elbow skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around elbow B. Injury to hip skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around hip C. are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skinv D. injuries to skin on back and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pressure ulcer of back,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000343 1_1_5gi3ugty,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Airway disease due to specific organic dust'?","A. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs. B. conditions of the lng caused by outside agents C. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs D. A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (asbestosis; byssinosis; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Airway disease due to specific organic dust,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000189 1_1_ktwuey20,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'appendix glandular cell'?","A. An intestinal enteroendocrine cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. B. A glandular epithelial cell of the large intestine. C. Glandular cell of appendix epithelium. Example: Goblet cells; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells. D. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium proper of appendix.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,appendix glandular cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1001585 1_1_qlrorkas,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biomass power plant manager'?","A. Develop new or improved designs for vehicle structural members, engines, transmissions, or other vehicle systems, using computer-assisted design technology. Direct building, modification, or testing of vehicle or components. B. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. C. Manage operations at biomass power generation facilities. Direct work activities at plant, including supervision of operations and maintenance staff. D. Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,biomass power plant manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11305104 1_1_yahptklo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'leg'?","A. A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). B. occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity and loss of height. C. A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb. D. The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,leg,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000978 1_1_vmkfqlso,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'parking attendant'?","A. Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. B. Set up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such as heat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuum equipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or plastic objects. C. Calculate, measure, load, mix, and process refined feedstock with additives in fermentation or reaction process vessels and monitor production process. Perform, and keep records of, plant maintenance, repairs, and safety inspections. D. Park vehicles or issue tickets for customers in a parking lot or garage. May park or tend vehicles in environments such as a car dealership or rental car facility. May collect fee.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,parking attendant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53602100 1_1_xdwc2lb9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hemolacria'?","A. Abnormality of tear production. B. Abnormally increased lacrimation, that is, excessive tearing (watering eye). C. Tear film break up time (number of seconds that elapse between the last blink and the appearance of the first dry spot in the tear film) below the lower limit of normal. D. The presence of blood in tears.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hemolacria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034803 1_1_jgzdjkj2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unilateral vocal cord paresis'?","A. Decreased strength of the vocal fold on one side. B. Decreased strength of the vocal fold on both sides. C. Underdeveloped, small right heart atrium. D. Decreased strength of the vocal folds.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Unilateral vocal cord paresis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012821 1_1_83dht8gx,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Brooke-Spiegler syndrome'?","A. A skin disease characterized by benign circumferential skin creases, mainly on the limbs, due to folding of excess skin. B. A skin disease that is characterized by chronic skin inflammation, trichorrhexis invaginata, atopic dermatitis and has_material_basis_in mutations in the SPINK5 gene resulting in reduced capacity to inhibit serine proteases expressed in the skin. C. A skin disease characterized by localized areas of missing skin that resemble ulcers or oopen wounds in new borns and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BMS1 gene on chromosome 10q11. D. A skin disease that is characterized by the development of several types of tumors from the skin, has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CYLD gene on chromosome 16q12.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Brooke-Spiegler syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050693 1_1_l7kcuqh1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluvastatin'?","A. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. B. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia. C. A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine). D. Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fluvastatin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38561 1_1_v3ubj6sm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'topGO'?","A. This package generates a quality metrics report on ExpressionSet, NChannelSet, AffyBatch or BeadLevelList objects containing microarray data with one or two channels. B. BGAfun is a method to identify specifity determining residues in protein families C. topGO package provides tools for testing GO terms while accounting for the topology of the GO graph. Different test statistics and different methods for eliminating local similarities and dependencies between GO terms can be implemented and applied. D. Quality control of Affymetrix GeneChip expression data and reproducibility analysis of human whole genome chips with the MAQC reference datasets.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,topGO,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000719 1_1_s1a3i9m7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petiole margin'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is a projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina . B. An umbrella-shaped cardinal organ part that is the apical portion of an archegoniophore and bears archegonia. C. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a petiole lamina and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. D. A cardinal organ part that is a segment of a pappus.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petiole margin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025010 1_1_e7pp7l1t,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'MagneticTape'?","A. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation B. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,MagneticTape,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MagneticTape 1_1_ttgywo8u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Muscular part of cardiac septum'?","A. Muscular part of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of interatrial septum and the walls of right and left atria. B. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle. C. Subdivision of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of cardiac septum and the wall of cardiac chamber. D. Muscular part of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of interventricular septum and the myocardium of free wall of right and left ventricles.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Muscular part of cardiac septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma52417 1_1_ca3oqd0t,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer's disease 13'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that has_material_basis_in a mutation in the ADAM10 gene on chromosome 15q21. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with a risk allele in in the PCDH11X gene on chromosome Xq21.3. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 20p12.2-q11.21. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Alzheimer's disease 13,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110046 1_1_etsy5ng0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADPH. B. Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NADP+ = L-allysine + L-glutamate + H+ + NADPH. C. Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = 2-oxoglutarate + L-lysine + H+ + NADH. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-saccharopine + H2O + NAD+ = L-glutamate + allysine + H+ + NADH.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047131 1_1_nzfxrb55,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subcostal vein'?","A. Vein in the systemic venous system. B. Serous sac, which has as parts the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity. Examples: There is only one peritoneal sac. C. Vein in the pulmonary vemnous system. D. Venous tree, each instance of which is the vena comitans of some subcostal artery on the left or right side; it joins some ascending lumbar vein to form some azygos vein on the right or some hemiazygos vein on the left.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subcostal vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12845 1_1_6ivujnj3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. C. An emotional personality trait is a personality trait, a part of an overall personality, which predisposes the individual to repeated occurrences of a characteristic emotional process. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044477 1_1_i97o0k4a,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarette demand'?","A. A product demand in which the product is smokeless tobacco. B. A product demand in which the product is e-cigarettes. C. A population attribute that involves the amount of a product that a population uses. D. A product demand in which the product is cigarettes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarette demand,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000641 1_1_kgsqeiuj,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-tobacco using e-cigarette user'?","A. An e-cigarette user who engages in e-cigarette use every day. B. An e-cigarette user who self-reports first time ever use of an e-cigarette. C. An e-cigarette user who has been using e-cigarettes for one year or more. D. An e-cigarette user who is not a tobacco user.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,non-tobacco using e-cigarette user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000807 1_1_tzcbshhz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'carpel vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a phyllome . B. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a carpel . C. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf . D. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a sepal .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,carpel vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005019 1_1_h3hkzmjy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'IgD immunoglobulin complex, circulating'?","A. An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component. B. A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of an IgG isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. C. A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgD isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph. D. A protein complex composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains of the IgE isotype and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds, and present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"IgD immunoglobulin complex, circulating",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071739 1_1_45e46o5o,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wicca'?","A. Any of various modern Pagan religions developed in Northern Europe. B. A modern Pagan religion which developed in England during the first half of the 20th century and was introduced to the public in 1954 by Gerald Gardner, a retired British civil servant. Wicca draws upon a diverse set of ancient pagan and 20th-century hermetic motifs for its theological structure and ritual practices. C. A philosophy and religious tradition founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world, accessible to human experience. Followers of anthroposophy aim to develop mental faculties of spiritual discovery through a mode of thought independent of sensory experience. D. A collective term for new religious movements influenced by or derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern peoples. Although they share similarities, contemporary Pagan religious movements are diverse, and do not share a single set of beliefs, practices, or texts.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Wicca,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010025 1_1_nyharjc8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'prior product authorisation law'?","A. A law that creates a requirement on product manufacturers to pre-notify a relevant authority of the product characteristics and receive approval before marketing a product. B. A rule recognised by the legal system of a country or community C. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce anxiety. D. A law that aims to facilitate distribution of a product through retail pharmacy channels.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,prior product authorisation law,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000457 1_1_kkj0ufa0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mild cognitive impairment'?","A. A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. B. A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. C. Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties that often occur in conjunction with frontal lobe disorders, including traumatic injury and dementia. It is also a feature of attention deficit disorder and other non-trauma-induced conditions. D. A cognitive disorder that is characterized by objective impairment in cognition with minimal impairment of their capacity to undertake the instrumental activities of daily living.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mild cognitive impairment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080832 1_1_ykvirc20,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'starch grain'?","A. The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae. B. Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped. C. The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the bacterial-type flagellum, which acts as a propeller. D. The central region of a mitotic nuclear bridge, distal to the main portions of the daughter nuclei.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,starch grain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043036 1_1_976ta3oj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Split nut weight'?","A. Number of inflorescences per year B. Ripe nuts yield C. Shell and meat weight (after splitting the nut and draining water) D. Shell weight (after removing meat)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Split nut weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000308 1_1_s1csqcb7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'beverage'?","A. A liquid commodity that contains a high concentration of sugar, caffeine or another stimulant and is promoted as capable of increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. B. A liquid commodity that is used in e-cigarettes for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person. C. A liquid commodity that is designed to be consumed by people. D. A liquid that contains cannabis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,beverage,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000736 1_1_2m6xlnwa,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bipolar disorder'?","A. A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, emptiness, or irritability and decreased ability to function. B. A dual product user who reports predominanly smoking. C. A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. D. A cognitive disorder that involves a disturbance in mood as the predominant underlying feature.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bipolar disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3312 1_1_iwim5cft,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left umbilical vein'?","A. The umbilical vein is a blood vessel present during fetal development that carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the growing fetus. [WP,unvetted]. B. The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial joint. The ligaments connecting the bones are: Two Articular capsules; Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Anterior atlantoöccipital membrane; Lateral atlantoöccipital. C. An umbilical vein that is in the left side of a multicellular organism. D. The subclavian artery that supplies the right pectoral appendage.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left umbilical vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005459 1_1_kc88he3l,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'vacillation'?","A. A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area. B. The hanging wall appears to have moved down relative to the footwall; dip of fault usually 45-90 degrees. C. Oscillation, usually of a small amplitude, about a reference state. D. A wind that opposes the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's airspeed greater than its groundspeed; the opposite of a tailwind.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,vacillation,http://sweetontology.net/phenSystem/Vacillation 1_1_9syepazl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'African-American lesbian slang'?","A. Slang that is specific to, or primarily used within, the African-American bisexual community. B. Slang that is specific to, or primarily used within, the African-American lesbian community. C. Slang that is specific to, or primarily used within, the African-American transgender community. D. Slang that is specific to, or primarily used within, the African-American pansexual community.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,African-American lesbian slang,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001164 1_1_nfuypmc0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco smoking behaviour pattern'?","A. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. B. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco use. C. A tobacco smoking behaviour pattern that indicates current use of cigarettes. D. A tobacco use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco smoking behaviour.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco smoking behaviour pattern,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_036104 1_1_djbfvd0e,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'homophobia assessment index'?","A. An index which assesses prejudice against LGBTQIA+ persons. B. An index which assesses transphobia. C. An index which assesses lesbophobia. D. An index which assesses homophobia.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,homophobia assessment index,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005202 1_1_0i2vmoec,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of causal intent'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was caused unintentionally. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the causal intent of the person who (is evaluated to have) caused an event. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how predictable an event was. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how familiar an object or event is.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of causal intent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000082 1_1_hdvf6d2c,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'penis papillary carcinoma'?","A. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ILDR1 gene on chromosome 3q13. B. A Zellweger syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PEX10 gene on chromosome 1p36. C. A papillary carcinoma that is located_in the penis. D. A penis carcinoma that has_material_basis_in squamous cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,penis papillary carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8013 1_1_t3kurbyj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Curved middle phalanx of the 3rd toe'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the middle phalanx of pedal digit 3. B. A deviation from the normal straight form of the middle phalanx of the fourth toe. C. A deviation from the normal straight form of one or more phalanges of the third toe. D. A deviation from the normal straight form of the middle phalanx of the third toe.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Curved middle phalanx of the 3rd toe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100443 1_1_qvk9uq9w,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'GTrp - Measurement'?","A. Count and weigh grains randomly selected from the total grains. B. Harvest all ears in a plot (or row), put them in the nylon bag and dry at 60-70¡C for 1-2 days, then measure and record the weight of dried ears. C. Standard method for whole-grain tryptophan content. D. Measured with a portable porometer. Take the measures in the middle between leaf tip and leaf base, and in between leaf midrib and leaf rim. Blade sections measured must to be exposed to sunlight for at least the 30 minutes before. Measurements always performed in the same side of the leaf (usually the lower or abaxial one). One measurement per leaf, and at least 3 per plot. 1 min per measurement.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,GTrp - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000107 1_1_0qtsnteu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pregnancy related exhaustion and fatigue, second trimester'?","A. when a mother gains weight during pregnancy B. a rare, itchy skin eruption that usually happens in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It often begins with the appearance of very itchy red bumps or blisters on your abdomen and trunk, though it can show up on other parts of your body C. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the second trimester D. Fatigue caused from being pregnant, pregnancy is in the second trimester",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"pregnancy related exhaustion and fatigue, second trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000497 1_1_nqrftuhu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Buds at the terminal cluster'?","A. Circumference increase by the growth of the tree main stem B. Height of trunk below the first branches of the canopy C. Number of buds at the terminal cluster D. Volume of hardwood, the wooded part of a tree (trunk and branches) with a diameter at the smallest end greater than 7 cm (most often corresponding to the maximum cutting of wood made by forest operators)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Buds at the terminal cluster,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000270 1_1_hprsxnfs,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cook, private household'?","A. Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, and record amounts and dosages of medications according to prescription orders. B. Prepare meals in private homes. Includes personal chefs. C. Ensure the safe takeoff and landing of commercial and military aircraft. Duties include coordination between air-traffic control and maintenance personnel, dispatching, using airfield landing and navigational aids, implementing airfield safety procedures, monitoring and maintaining flight records, and applying knowledge of weather information. D. Format and proof text and images submitted by designers and clients into finished pages that can be printed. Includes digital and photo typesetting. May produce printing plates.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"cook, private household",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35201300 1_1_4vk83y0s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunodeficiency 46'?","A. A combined T cell and B cells immunodeficiency characterized by marked atopy and autoimmunity caused by increased T(H)2 and T(H)17 cytokine production by CD4(+) T cells, T-cell lymphopenia, reduced memory B-cell numbers, recurrent respiratory and skin infections beginning in early childhood, increased serum IgE, and variable developmental delay or intellectual impairment that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PGM3 gene on chromosome 6q14.1. B. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency characterized by hypo- or agammaglobulinemia, normal lymphocyte counts, intermittent neutropenia, intermittent thrombocytopenia, decreased numbers of memory B cells, impaired immunoglobulin class-switching, and decreased proliferative responses of T cells that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TFRC gene on chromosome 3q29. C. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by impaired T cell-mediated immunity and impaired B cell mediated humoral immunity. D. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is characterized by defects affecting how white blood cells respond and travel to the site of a wound or infection affecting the immune system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunodeficiency 46,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111948 1_1_w592px50,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Neanderthal'?","A. Common name for an extinct species of the Homo genus. Fossils have been found in Europe and Asia. Genetic evidence suggests that limited interbreeding with modern humans (Homo sapiens) took place. B. An extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic (potentially surviving as late as 30–14,500 years ago in New Guinea). Denisovans are known from few remains, and, consequently, most of what is known about them comes from DNA evidence. Pending consensus on their taxonomic status, they have been referred to as Homo denisova, H. altaiensis, or H. sapiens denisova. C. A parenting style in which gender roles are not directly imposed upon a child. This may involve presenting activities as non-gendered, buying of gender-neutral or unisex clothing until the child chooses their own, and/or usage of gender-neutral pronouns and forms of address until specified by the child. D. A brassiere that utilizes a thin, semi-circular strip of rigid material fitted inside the brassiere fabric. The wire may be made of metal, plastic, or resin. It is sewn into the bra fabric and under each cup, from the center gore to under the wearer's armpit. The wire helps to lift, separate, shape, and support a person's breasts.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Neanderthal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007619 1_1_8nvs64v8,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'transient cerebral ischemic attack, unspecified'?","A. bleeding into the space between the surface of the brain, or pia mater, and the arachnoid, one of three coverings of the brain B. Paralysis of one side of the body with unspecified cause C. A brief stroke (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction when the blood supply to this part of the brain is blocked D. a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"transient cerebral ischemic attack, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000438 1_1_k1t0tkx5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'simultaneous oral intercourse'?","A. A chromosomal condition in which the chromosomal number is greater than the normal diploid number. B. Oral intercourse practiced simultaneously, with each other's mouths placed on or near one another's genitals. C. Sexual intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the mouth. D. Sexual intercourse in which some anatomical structure is inserted into the mouth.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,simultaneous oral intercourse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006844 1_1_dwb1dlj3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'levee'?","A. A slope of land descending laterally from a hill, mountain or main crest of a ridge. B. An escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. C. A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. D. An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,levee,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000178 1_1_p339ipdt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'usher, lobby attendant, or ticket taker'?","A. Assist patrons at entertainment events by performing duties, such as collecting admission tickets and passes from patrons, assisting in finding seats, searching for lost articles, and helping patrons locate such facilities as restrooms and telephones. B. Plan, organize, and conduct long-distance travel, tours, and expeditions for individuals and groups. C. Help extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers, blasters and explosives workers, derrick operators, and mining machine operators, by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying equipment or cleaning work area. D. Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"usher, lobby attendant, or ticket taker",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39303100 1_1_uo3id6ft,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response'?","A. The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division as part of an immune response. B. The process in which a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell. C. The process in which an antigenically naive gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell and contributes to an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells. D. The process in which an antigenically naive T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell as part of an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,gamma-delta T cell differentiation involved in immune response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002303 1_1_kxxmf3t5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixing cloud'?","A. A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature. B. A cloud plume often observed to extend downwind from isolated, sharp, often pyramid-shaped mountain peaks, even on otherwise cloud-free days. C. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. D. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mixing cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/MixingCloud 1_1_kaecji6w,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'LI Computation'?","A. Spike fertility index. Dry weight of 20 randomly selected spikes at anthesis. Fruiting Efficiency= number of grains at maturity / spike dry matter at anthesis. B. Measurement of the light intercepted by the canopy using a ceptometer as described in Pask et al., 2012, chapter 11, Mullan and Pietragalla. C. Sample as for spikelets per spike randomly select 5-10 spikes per plot, by selecting at the base of the culm. Count the spikelets, thresh, count grains, and calculate, or less accurately simply calculate from calculated grains per spike and measured spikelet number. D. Calculated time between anthesis (DS65) and maturity (DS87)of crop cycle duration.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,LI Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0001570 1_1_v7gzswum,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphingomyelin 28:3'?","A. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 28 with 3 double bonds. B. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 28 with 0 double bonds. C. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 31 with no double bonds. D. A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 33 with 2 double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,sphingomyelin 28:3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72502 1_1_91wehu0s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oropharynx cancer'?","A. A pharynx cancer that is located_in the hypopharynx. B. A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the pharynx. C. A pharynx cancer that is located_in the oropharynx. D. A pharynx cancer that has_material_basis_in squamous cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,oropharynx cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8557 1_1_rxk16vji,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'cut off low'?","A. A seasonal low found over a continent in the summer and over the adjacent sea in the winter. Examples are the lows over the southwestern US and India in summer and those located off lower California and in the Bay of Bengal in winter. Palmer (1951) points out that, while the winter and summer monsoon lows appear similar on mean charts, they are dynamically quite different. Compare thermal low. B. A cold low that has grown out of a trough and become displaced out of the basic westerly current and lies equatorward of this current. C. A point of maximum decrease in atmospheric pressure over a specified interval of time; on synoptic charts, a point of greatest negative pressure tendency; opposed to a pressure- rise center. D. A low pressure area on the mesoscale. It has been used to refer both to features observed within convective storms and features even larger in scale.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,cut off low,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/CutOffLow 1_1_ugmcp308,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine-containing e-liquid'?","A. A nicotine-containing e-liquid in which the e-liquid nicotine concentration is high. B. An e-liquid that includes nicotine. C. An e-liquid that has e-liquid flavouring. D. E-liquid that includes cannabis or some cannabis extract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine-containing e-liquid,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000826 1_1_k2vn2mmp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'title examiner, abstractor, or searcher'?","A. Repair and service bicycles. B. Cut or carve stone according to diagrams and patterns. C. Perform a variety of tasks during funeral, such as placing casket in parlor or chapel prior to service, arranging floral offerings or lights around casket, directing or escorting mourners, closing casket, and issuing and storing funeral equipment. D. Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"title examiner, abstractor, or searcher",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_23209300 1_1_x1ntxtek,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'pedal digit 1 mesenchyme'?","A. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 5. B. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing toe [Automatically generated definition]. C. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 3. D. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing pedal digit 1.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,pedal digit 1 mesenchyme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010562 1_1_xlj1g1yn,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'type II interferon production'?","A. The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus as part of an inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. B. The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. C. The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. D. The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,type II interferon production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032609 1_1_qpa9q29c,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032691 1_1_wf9uoh57,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hudson line'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of foot, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some tibialis posterior muscle, beginning at some medial malleoli and extending to some foot. B. Anatonical line of eyeball, each instance of which demarcates the junction of the middle and lower thirds of some cornea but not reaching some limbus. C. Anatomical coordinate which is a plane, line or point defined with reference to visible or palpable organ parts; used as a reference in establishing the location and measurement of organ, organ parts or body spaces. Examples: Transpyloric plane, T4 level, midclavicular line, McBurney's point. D. Anatomical cranial point which is midline at the inferior tip of the bony septum between the upper central incisors.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hudson line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329221 1_1_vtabe8z9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbohydrate import across plasma membrane'?","A. The directed movement of iron ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. B. The directed movement of a carbohydrate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. C. The directed movement of hexose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. D. The directed movement of D-glucose from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,carbohydrate import across plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098704 1_1_m4qznfyo,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'umbelliferone'?","A. A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7. B. A hydroxycoumarin that is the 6-O-beta-D-glucoside of esculetin. C. A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 8 has been replaced by a prenyl group. D. A beta-D-glucoside in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position 4' of asphodelin A via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from the roots of Asphodelus microcarpus and exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungal microorganisms like Candida albicans and Botrytis cinerea.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,umbelliferone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27510 1_1_myyat1yh,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'aromatic ketone'?","A. A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). B. A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. C. A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. D. A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,aromatic ketone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76224 1_1_tapu45nj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry'?","A. The CDF ASCII format is an ASCII data format specification created by Affymetrix similar to the Windows INI format. This format describes the layout for an Affymetrix GeneChip array. An array may contain Expression, Genotyping, CustomSeq, Copy Number and/or Tag probe sets. All probe set names within an array are unique. Multiple copies of a probe set may exist on a single array as long as each copy has a unique name. B. FCS3.0 is version 3.0 of the Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry. It contains a mechanism for handling data sets of 100 megabytes and larger, support for UNICODE text for keyword values, support for cyclic redundancy check (CRC) validation for each data set, a requirement for the inclusion of information describing the method of signal amplification and increased support for the inclusion of time as a measurement parameter. C. CEL ASCII format is ASCII data format specification created by Affymetrix similar to the Windows INI format. The CEL format stores the results of the intensity calculations on the pixel values of the DAT file. This includes an intensity value, standard deviation of the intensity, the number of pixels used to calculate the intensity value, a flag to indicate an outlier as calculated by the algorithm and a user defined flag indicating the feature should be excluded from future analysis. The file stores the previously stated data for each feature on the probe array. D. The flow cytometry data file standard provides the specifications needed to completely describe flow cytometry data sets within the confines of the file containing the experimental data. The principal goal of the Standard is to provide a uniform file format allowing files created by one type of acquisition hardware and software to be analyzed by another type.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000061 1_1_5lahqpoe,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete anterior cell'?","A. Glial cell that provides support to the enteric nervous system. It is involved in enteric neurotransmission, in maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier of the gut and serves as a link between the nervous and immune systems of the gut. In enteric nerve strands, glial processes ensheath multiaxonal bundles which distinguishes enteric glia from all other peripheral glia. Ultrastructurally, the most conspicuous trait of an enteroglial cell is the presence of 10 nm filaments, which criss-cross the cell body, form axial bundles in the processes and appear to firmly anchor the cells to the ganglionic surfaces. Similar to astrocytes, their main constituent is glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). B. The increase in size or mass of a bone that contributes to the shaping of that bone. C. Obsoleted becuase this term has an overly general name, no definition, and by it's classification appears to refer to a very specific cell type in dictystelium. If needed, the term should be in DDANAT - probably as a subclass of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DDANAT_0000002 D. The exocrine cell of the prostate, this epithelial cell secretes prostatic acid phosphotase and PSA, and is dependent on androgen hormones for survival.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,obsolete anterior cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000261 1_1_5ietozq1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'textile cutting machine setter, operator, or ten'?","A. Bind books and other publications or finish printed products by hand or machine. May set up binding and finishing machines. B. Coordinate and expedite the flow of work and materials within or between departments of an establishment according to production schedule. Duties include reviewing and distributing production, work, and shipment schedules; conferring with department supervisors to determine progress of work and completion dates; and compiling reports on progress of work, inventory levels, costs, and production problems. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut textiles. D. Drive a school bus to transport students. Ensure adherence to safety rules. May assist students in boarding or exiting.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"textile cutting machine setter, operator, or ten",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51606200 1_1_grkfk2li,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'axillary hair'?","A. A slender, usually uniseriate multicellular trichome that grows intermixed with the gametangia. B. A multicellular trichome that has as parts a long terminal cell atop a basal stalk and grows in a leaf axil . C. A portion of plant tissue that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis . D. An axillary hair that grows in a leaf axil of a non-vascular leaf.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,axillary hair,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025316 1_1_0lzjvftd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'imaging technique'?","A. An image acquisition instrument that is designed for non-invasive in vivo use, to detect bioluminescence, which is based on the expression of luciferase, the light-emitting enzyme of the firefly Photinus pyralis. After the administration of the substrate luciferin, an ATP- and O2-dependent photochemical reaction occurs, resulting in the release of photons by living cells containing luciferase. This photon emission can be detected by a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, minutes after the administration of the substrate. B. The visualization of physiological, cellular or molecular processes in living tissue in real time as they take place in cells, for example, blood flow, oxygen consumption or glucose metabolism. (Bypass Budget) C. An imaging technique that utilizes positron emission tomography to produce a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into the body on the biologically active molecule (fludeoxyglucose) FDG. FDG is an analogue of glucose which when imaged will give tissue metabolic activity, in terms of regional glucose uptake. D. A technique used to create a representation or reproduction of an object's outward form; especially a visual representation (i.e., the formation of an image).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,imaging technique,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0001312 1_1_9tgrkmxx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual Rating :Sepal Color_method'?","A. Severity on leaf symptoms caused by cassava brown streak virus, in the family Potyviridae and genus Ipomovirus and rated on a scale from 1 (= no symptom) to 5 (= extremely severe) B. An estimation of the percentage stem length with retained leaf measured in percentage (%) using a representative plant stand in a plot, between 6 to 7 months after planting C. Visual rating of sepal color D. An estimation of the percentage stem length with retained leaf measured in percentage (%) using a representative plant stand in a plot, between 5 to 6 months after planting",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual Rating :Sepal Color_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010353 1_1_1h96oygo,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'brainstem nucleus'?","A. A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. B. A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. C. Nucleus located in the midbrain. D. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID].",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,brainstem nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006331 1_1_iiegtccy,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cambial initial cell'?","A. An initial cell that is part of the vascular cambium or cork cambium , and by periclinal divisions, produces cells to the outside or inside of the cambial axis. B. An initial cell that is part of a root apical meristem and by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains in the meristem, while the other is produces different root cells. C. An initial cell that is part of a gametophore and gives rise to a non-vascular leaf . D. An initial cell that divides asymmetrically to form an archegonium central cell and a smaller archegonium neck canal cell .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cambial initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000295 1_1_sx6bh97a,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mexican-American'?","A. Denotes a person from or of Mexico. B. Denotes an american citizen of Mexican descent. C. A person having origins in the original peoples of the Pacific Islands, but not Guam, Hawaii, the Mariana Islands or Samoa. D. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Mexican-American,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000151 1_1_guwx9vow,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Orbitalis'?","A. Smooth muscle layer located at the back of orbit where it spans the inferior orbital fissure. B. Alveolar arch which has as direct parts the bony alveolar arch of maxilla and maxillary gingiva. C. Branch of circumflex coronary artery which runs parallel to the upper part of the atrioventricular sulcus and around the obtuse margin of the heart to supply the posterior wall of left atrium. D. Smooth muscle fiber group arranged in sheets.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Orbitalis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49034 1_1_f0w623ku,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Metroidvania'?","A. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico B. Peculiar type of game characterized both by an interactive adventure with mulltiple choices that influence the plot as well as the heavy presence of text. The visual elements (images, short films) mostly frame the text. C. Peculiar type of video game that takes its name from its two progenitors, ""Metroid"" and ""Castlevania"". It is characterized by the side-scrolling view and the need to return to previously explored places taking advantage of new equipment unlocked as the story progresses D. Display and selection systems of the objects collected by the player",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Metroidvania,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Metroidvania 1_1_p16stmu2,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Swimlane'?","A. Entity, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Participant, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. Category, which is used in the definition of attributes for all BPMN elements, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). Since a Category is also a BPMN element, a Category can have Categories to create a hierarchical structure of Categories. C. Event Based Exclusive Gateway D. There are two ways of grouping the primary modeling elements through ""swimlane"": Pools and Lanes",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Swimlane,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#swimlane 1_1_44wsmfjc,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'taxi driver'?","A. Drive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on an unplanned basis and charge a fare, usually based on a meter. B. Set up, operate, or tend grinding and related tools that remove excess material or burrs from surfaces, sharpen edges or corners, or buff, hone, or polish metal or plastic work pieces. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material. D. Set up, operate, or tend plating machines to coat metal or plastic products with chromium, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, or other metal to protect or decorate surfaces. Typically, the product being coated is immersed in molten metal or an electrolytic solution.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,taxi driver,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53305400 1_1_61jw2jkt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000496 1_1_9p3dcc7c,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Social_Legal_Role'?","A. A professional legal role is a legal profession of some person, examples: lawyer, judge etc. B. A social legal role is played by some agent in the context of legal activities. C. A social role is played by some agent in the context of social activities. The social role brings with it some expectation of 'default' behavior of the role-filler. D. A legal role is a role played in a legal context. Legal role players can be both Agents and other 'things'",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Social_Legal_Role,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-role.owl#Social_Legal_Role 1_1_ym13u2nz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'weigher, measurer, checker, or sampler, recordkeeping'?","A. Cover roofs of structures with shingles, slate, asphalt, aluminum, wood, or related materials. May spray roofs, sidings, and walls with material to bind, seal, insulate, or soundproof sections of structures. B. Provide personal items to patrons or customers in locker rooms, dressing rooms, or coatrooms. C. Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or transportation vehicles. D. Weigh, measure, and check materials, supplies, and equipment for the purpose of keeping relevant records. Duties are primarily clerical by nature. Includes workers who collect and keep record of samples of products or materials.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"weigher, measurer, checker, or sampler, recordkeeping",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43511100 1_1_tsquspf5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '3-nitrotyrosine'?","A. A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. B. A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. C. A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. D. Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,3-nitrotyrosine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86269 1_1_gqa3i2jd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital myopathy 15'?","A. A congenital myopathy that is characterized by congenital weakness, arthrogryposis, cleft palate, ptosis, myopathic facies, short stature, kykphoscoliosis, talipes deformities and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia provoked by anesthesia and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the STAC3 gene on chromosome 12q13. B. A congenital myopathy that is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, particularly in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs. C. A congenital myopathy that is characterized by infantile-onset of progressive muscle weakness and atrophy associated with scoliosis, variably impaired walking, and dysmorphic facial features and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PAX7 gene on chromosome 1p36. D. A congenital myopathy that is characterized by symptom onset soon after birth and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TNNC2 gene on chromosome 20q13. Affected infants are hypotonic and have severe respiratory insufficiency and feeding problems, sometimes requiring mechanical ventilation or tube feeding.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital myopathy 15,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081347 1_1_f3ep5gc3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior superior renal segment of left kidney'?","A. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental renal artery. B. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental branch of right renal artery. C. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental branch of left renal artery. D. Intercostal compartment space between third and fourth ribs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior superior renal segment of left kidney,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma17901 1_1_oxcbbx7m,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'structural metal fabricator or fitter'?","A. Provide advanced nursing care for patients with acute conditions such as heart attacks, respiratory distress syndrome, or shock. May care for pre- and post-operative patients or perform advanced, invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. B. Test, adjust, or repair biomedical or electromedical equipment. C. Apply theory and principles of civil engineering in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of structures and facilities under the direction of engineering staff or physical scientists. D. Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,structural metal fabricator or fitter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51204100 1_1_r61mqbqr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'offshore wind'?","A. Wind blowing from land to sea. During synoptic conditions of light winds, offshore winds near the surface often occur at night as a component of the land breeze. B. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. C. A violent northeast wind of Central Asia occurring during spring and summer. D. A violent east wind on Lake Tanganyika in Africa.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,offshore wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/OffshoreWind 1_1_e9wgjqp8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'health education specialist'?","A. Address organizational sustainability issues, such as waste stream management, green building practices, and green procurement plans. B. Compile and compute data according to statistical formulas for use in statistical studies. May perform actuarial computations and compile charts and graphs for use by actuaries. Includes actuarial clerks. C. Obtain evidence, take statements, produce reports, and testify to findings regarding resolution of fraud allegations. May coordinate fraud detection and prevention activities. D. Provide and manage health education programs that help individuals, families, and their communities maximize and maintain healthy lifestyles. Use data to identify community needs prior to planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May link health systems, health providers, insurers, and patients to address individual and population health needs. May serve as resource to assist individuals, other health professionals, or the community, and may administer fiscal resources for health education programs.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,health education specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21109100 1_1_0c6bp2om,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'COVID-19, virus not identified'?","A. a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within the intra-alveolar space B. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system. Contagious and hard to treat. C. Inflammation of the lung that is caused by viral infection; causes air sacs in lungs to fill up with fluid. D. a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"COVID-19, virus not identified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000149 1_1_mh38o8sv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to prostaglandin I'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a clopidogrel stimulus. Clopidogrel is a is an oral, thienopyridine-class antiplatelet agent used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenite ion stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,response to prostaglandin I,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034697 1_1_x53ispw9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neck of bone element'?","A. the neck region of a bone organ. B. An organ part that is part of a long bone [Automatically generated definition]. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. D. The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,neck of bone element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018664 1_1_2g0qw61h,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'serosa of small intestine'?","A. A serous membrane that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. B. A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. C. The peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum (parts of the small intestine) to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pain[WP]. D. A serous membrane that is part of a wall of intestine [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,serosa of small intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001206 1_1_p37j6ed0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the intestine. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell in the ureter. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035886 1_1_1wn7fokt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'heart left ventricle'?","A. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being drawn together, compressed or squeezed physically. B. A cardiac ventricle that is in the left side of the heart. C. Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. D. Any chamber of the left side of the heart",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,heart left ventricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002084 1_1_e8e9a1vy,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Graphical element'?","A. Inclusive Gateway B. These are the elements that define the basic look-and-feel of BPMN. Most business processes will be modeled adequately with these elements C. Flow objects are the main graphical elements to define the behavior of a Business Process. There are three Flow Objects: Events, Activities and Gateways D. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool.",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Graphical element,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#graphical_element 1_1_0kb6fts4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitamin A import into cell'?","A. The directed movement of vitamin A from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. Vitamin A is any of several retinoid derivatives of beta-carotene, primarily retinol, retinal, or retinoic acid. B. The directed movement of some substance from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. C. The process in which a folic acid, or one of its derivatives (dihydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, methylene-tetrahydrofolate or methyl-tetrahydrofolate) is transported across a membrane. D. The directed movement of biotin from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,vitamin A import into cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071939 1_1_40p877qz,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'physical personal attribute'?","A. A personal attribute that inheres in a person by virtue of their bodily makeup. B. A personal attribute in which the person presents fewer or lower intensity of symptoms compared to their previous symptom presentation, and the current symptoms minimally interfere with their life. C. unemployed and lowest grade occupations. D. A personal attribute that is the pattern of a person's emotional, romantic and/or sexual attractions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,physical personal attribute,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001261 1_1_08ipbipc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'liver trabecula'?","A. In human, ductal plate is a double-layered cylindrical structure of bile duct epithelium that surrounds the portal ramifications by the eighth gestational week. After approximately the 12th gestational week, remodelling of ductal plate begins, and maturity is attained by the end of gestation or early postnatal period. B. This is the point at which the trachea splits into two (left and right) principal bronchi. It is located in the region of the fourth to sixth intercostal space, though this varies with species and with respiratory phase. This position closely associates the bifurcation with the heart base. The thickened median crest initiating the bifurcation is called the tracheal carina . C. A trabecula that is part of a liver. D. A pericyte cell that is part of a lung.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,liver trabecula,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010183 1_1_nndyy24t,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylethanolamine 38:0 zwitterion'?","A. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 38 carbons in total with 0 double bonds. B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 44 carbons in total with 3 double bonds. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 42 carbons in total with 0 double bonds. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 36 carbons in total with 2 double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylethanolamine 38:0 zwitterion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71733 1_1_8cu9n93p,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'unkacknowledged rape'?","A. Rape in nonhuman animals. B. Rape that occurs during wartime or amidst war. C. Sexual experience that meets the legal requirements of rape, but is not labeled as rape by the victim. D. A situation in which the perpetrator obtains the victim's agreement to engage in sexual intercourse or other sex acts, but gains it by deception or false statements or actions.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,unkacknowledged rape,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003055 1_1_tw1vbnvf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of seeds'?","A. Number of seed per pod sampled B. Form of a flower. C. Number of pods per plant D. The diameter of the main stem of soybean plant",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of seeds,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_336:0000237 1_1_er1yt2ki,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pelvis fracture'?","A. A break in one or more bones of the pelvis. B. Reduced side to side width of the pelvis. C. An abnormally squared appearance of the bony pelvis, a normally rounded or basin-shaped structure. D. An avulsion fracture (i.e., a type of fracture in which a piece of bone tears away from the site where the muscle attaches to the bone) of a bone of the pelvis.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pelvis fracture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041161 1_1_cwzijki7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GEOquery'?","A. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) is a public repository of microarray data. Given the rich and varied nature of these data, it is only natural to want to apply BioConductor tools to these data. B. Analysis of array CGH data : detection of breakpoints in genomic profiles and assignment of a status (gain, normal or lost) to each chromosomal regions identified. C. Gene-specific dye-bias correction of two-color microarray data using the GASSCO method D. The package contains functions for pre-processing Affymetrix data using the RMA+ and the RMA++ methods.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GEOquery,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100112 1_1_7b4j1vvy,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitamin B9'?","A. A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. B. Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). C. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. D. Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,vitamin B9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_176842 1_1_fix3reg2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tail of caudate nucleus'?","A. A gray matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere. B. The subcallosal area (parolfactory area of Broca, area parolfactoria) is a small triangular field on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the subcallosal gyrus, from which it is separated by the posterior parolfactory sulcus; it is continuous below with the olfactory trigone, and above and in front with the cingulate gyrus; it is limited anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. [WP,unvetted]. C. Largest part of the caudate nucleus lying lateral to and protruding into the anterior of the lateral ventricle. D. Narrowest part of the caudate nucleus, roughtly defined as that portion that curves ventrally from the body of the caudate nucleus, following the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tail of caudate nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002628 1_1_vdw5w9y9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'inhaling consumption behaviour pattern'?","A. A consumption behaviour pattern involving use of a substance containing alcohol concurrently with use of a psychoactive substance that has not been legally sanctioned in the jurisdiction in which the user resides. B. A consumption behaviour pattern that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth. C. A consumption behaviour pattern in which the behaviour is repeated in a session to an extent that is excessive. D. A consumption behaviour pattern involving repeated occurrences of binge behaviour sessions.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,inhaling consumption behaviour pattern,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001397 1_1_qsl72n0z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to curcumin'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a curcumin stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to curcumin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904644 1_1_asfbuv27,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrous trigone of heart'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of the anterior and posterior filum coronaria of mitral valve anulus. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which connects the anterior filum coronarium to the posterior filum coronarium of tricuspid valve anulus. C. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which connects the posterior cusp of the aortic valve to the leaf of cardiac valve. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the anterior cusp of aortic valve to the wall of heart.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fibrous trigone of heart,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9504 1_1_4maug2h5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plantable stem length'?","A. Distribution of anthocyanin pigmentation B. Plantable stem length C. Total number of stakes planted D. Total fresh weight of harvested foliage and stems",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plantable stem length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000435 1_1_c9ylauwr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'metal'?","A. A substance that has a disposition to cause harm to an organism that is in contact with it. B. A material entity that is not an object. C. Any class of substances characterised by high electrical and thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility and high reflectivity of light. D. A substance that is produced by a living organsism and is toxic, noxious or poisonous",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,metal,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000820 1_1_2235upoa,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'producer or director'?","A. Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing. B. Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or film productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography. C. Teach academic, social, and life skills to elementary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. D. Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,producer or director,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27201200 1_1_4lz3rs5p,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway'?","A. The series of molecular signals initiated by thrombopoietin binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. B. The series of molecular signals initiated by a chemokine binding to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. C. The series of molecular signals initiated by a the C-C chemokine type 2 receptor (CCR4) on the surface of a cell binding to one of it's physiological ligands, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. D. The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the C-C chemokine CCL19 to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0038115 1_1_po4us0z4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:0081-2'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:0081-2,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000014 1_1_007p44f3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'calyptra corolla'?","A. A corolla that is composed of fused petals . B. A portion of seed coat epidermis which is part of the seed coat and develops from the outer surface of the inner integument . C. A fused corolla that is composed of fused petals . D. A portion of root epidermis that is part of a shoot-borne root .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,calyptra corolla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025330 1_1_l2vozree,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ischiocoxopodopatellar syndrome'?","A. A dysostosis characterized by short fingers and toes. B. A dysostosis characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of the patellas and various anomalies of the pelvis and feet that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TBX4 gene on chromosome 17q23.2. C. A dysostosis that results_in abnormal fusing of adjacent bones. D. A bone development disease that results in defective ossification of bone.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ischiocoxopodopatellar syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111382 1_1_2g3g2gtg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lidar'?","A. An organochloride, organochlorine, or chlorocarbon, is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of uses. B. A devise used to measure groundwater pressure head at a point in the subsurface. C. A device used to measure the moisture tension in the unsaturated zone. D. LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical remote sensing technology that measures properties of scattered light to find range and/or other information of a distant target. The prevalent method to determine distance to an object or surface is to use laser pulses. Like the similar radar technology, which uses radio waves instead of light, the range to an object is determined by measuring the time delay between transmission of a pulse and detection of the reflected signal. LIDAR technology has application in archaeology, geography, geology, geomorphology, seismology, remote sensing and atmospheric physics.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lidar,http://sweetontology.net/matrInstrument/LIDAR 1_1_1lw8l23y,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency 13'?","A. A nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FOXRED1 gene on chromosome 11q24.2. B. A nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NDUFA2 gene on chromosome 5q31.3. C. A nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NDUFS6 gene on chromosome 5p15.33. D. A nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NDUFB9 gene on chromosome 8q24.13.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,nuclear type mitochondrial complex I deficiency 13,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112076 1_1_f0dw3l52,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'histotechnologist'?","A. Direct and coordinate activities of personnel engaged in preparation of radio or television station program schedules and programs, such as sports or news. B. Analyze and coordinate the schedule, timeline, procurement, staffing, and budget of a product or service on a per project basis. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. May serve as a point of contact for the client or customer. C. Apply knowledge of health and disease causes to evaluate new laboratory techniques and procedures to examine tissue samples. Process and prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May solve technical or instrument problems or assist with research studies. D. Coordinate and document internal regulatory processes, such as internal audits, inspections, license renewals, or registrations. May compile and prepare materials for submission to regulatory agencies.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,histotechnologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29201104 1_1_mshdk0wm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Capillary'?","A. Subdivision of vascular tree (organ) which connects an arteriole to a venule or vice-versa. B. Subdivision of urogenital part of female perineum, each instance of which is a fold of integument running downward and backward from the mons pubis in some female on each side of the median vulvar cleft. C. Developmental organism during compaction of blastomeres. D. Long bone, each instance of which articulates with some humerusand radius.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Capillary,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63194 1_1_jsm6t8me,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Radiate sternocostal ligament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band attached to the sternal end of some costal cartilage, radiating from there out onto the ventral part of some sternum. B. Skeletal ligament (organ) that connects the bones and cartilages of the skull. C. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a horizontal fibrocartilaginous plate in the center of some second sternocostal joint, which joins the tip of some costal cartilage to the fibrous junction between manubrium and body of some sternum, and thus divides some joint into two parts.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Radiate sternocostal ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9024 1_1_jfen7de0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nerve of trunk region'?","A. An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. B. A nerve that is part of a head. C. A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. D. A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk).",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nerve of trunk region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003439 1_1_bp2ccn3o,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'carcinoma'?","A. A carcinoma that derives_from transitional epithelial cells. B. A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. C. A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from two germinal layers of tissue. D. A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_305 1_1_m16thntm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'euploid'?","A. A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes. B. A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two copies (homologs) of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father. C. A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing a single set of homologous chromosomes. D. A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,euploid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001393 1_1_2cdgx1az,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nursing bra'?","A. A specialized brassiere that provides additional support to women who are lactating and permits comfortable breastfeeding without the need to remove the bra. B. A lightweight brassiere designed for person's developing breasts or for person's with smaller breasts. C. A brassiere that utilizes a thin, semi-circular strip of rigid material fitted inside the brassiere fabric. The wire may be made of metal, plastic, or resin. It is sewn into the bra fabric and under each cup, from the center gore to under the wearer's armpit. The wire helps to lift, separate, shape, and support a person's breasts. D. A form-fitting undergarment designed to support or cover the wearer's breasts.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,nursing bra,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005091 1_1_isq8tx8o,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'capturing prey'?","A. Suite of behaviors involved in securing a prey item once it has been located. B. Building of a trap, web, net, or other structure to help ensnare potential food items. C. Behaviors in which predator forces potential prey to emerge from cover. D. Behaviors that result in ending flight of prey with successful predation.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,capturing prey,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0020293 1_1_2s5duen2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesonephric nephron epithelium development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus in the mesonephros. The mesonephric glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Mesonephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros. B. The progression of a nephron tubule over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mesonephric nephron epithelium development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061241 1_1_wi1xn6m6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chest pain'?","A. Pain in and around the anus or rectum (perianal region). B. Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in the chest when inhaling and exhaling. C. An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the chest. D. An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the flank.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Chest pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749 1_1_hx1sf9fu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kernel ratio computation - tertiary'?","A. None B. Calculate the mositure content from fresh and dry grain weight. C. Computation of the low molecular weight dietary fiber content, measured on a dry weight basis using wet chemistry. D. Calculate the tertiary kernel ratio.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Kernel ratio computation - tertiary,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000459 1_1_rquqzud9,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Delegation'?","A. A public act that attributes a power to perform a public act to a public body. B. NOTE: Cannot express that the 'promised' act corresponds to the act qualified by the statement in writing C. Delegate: entrust a task or responsibility to some other person D. Mandate: give (someone) authority to act in a certain way",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Delegation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Delegation 1_1_wihhvq7n,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ground cover'?","A. The apex color of the vine B. The ground cover of the plant C. The growth habit of the plant D. The pigmentation of the petiole",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ground cover,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000004 1_1_jh4gf5a4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'B meiosis of megaspore mother cell stage'?","A. A gametophyte development stage during which the megagametophyte develops. B. The stage of megagametophyte development when non-functional megaspores degenerate. C. The stage of megagametophyte development when the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis. D. The stage of megagametophyte development when there are eight nuclei.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,B meiosis of megaspore mother cell stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007624 1_1_ql28aqmk,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bush fire'?","A. A land fire which consumes low-growing plants such as scrub and brush. B. A fire which occurs on land, typically consuming a terrestrial ecosystem as fuel. C. A land fire which occurs in a large uncleared or sparsely settled area (as in Australia) usually scrub-covered or forested. D. A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bush fire,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001290 1_1_t30ip23u,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stippling of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb'?","A. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. B. Abnormally small size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. C. Sclerosis of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays. D. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 3rd finger.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Stippling of the epiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009673 1_1_rahza3qg,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Soil acidity stress susceptibility - method'?","A. Recorded visually at 50 % flowering stage B. Visual scoring of the susceptibility to soil acidity stress C. Groups are formed on the basis of days to 50 % flowering D. Visual scores given at the time of flowering considering check varieties as the middle level of the scale",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Soil acidity stress susceptibility - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_341:0000164 1_1_xid0rp84,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dopaminergic neuron'?","A. A neuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter B. The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. C. A neuron that releases dopamine as a neurotransmitter. D. Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dopaminergic neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000700 1_1_vry73b24,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'RBGL'?","A. A fairly extensive and comprehensive interface to the graph algorithms contained in the BOOST library. B. This document describes the process of forging a BSgenome data package. It is intended for Bioconductor users who want to make a new BSgenome data package C. Bayesian integrated analysis of Affymetrix GeneChips D. Transcript mapping with high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,RBGL,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000333 1_1_5ayvdem4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acalculous cholecystitis'?","A. A cholangitis that is characterized by an inflammation that is located in the gallbladder. B. A cholecystitis characterized by the absence of gallstones. C. A cholecystitis consisting of an inflammation of the gallbladder characterized by air-filled expansions in interstitial or subcutaneous tissues, where gallbladder wall necrosis causes gas formation in the lumen or wall. D. A cholecystitis characterized by nodules containing lipid-laden macrophages.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acalculous cholecystitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2828 1_1_9inc3poc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'subconchoidal'?","A. Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two. B. Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. C. The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. D. Jagged has sharp points or edges that catch on a finger that's rubbed across the surface.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,subconchoidal,http://sweetontology.net/phenSolid/Subconchoidal 1_1_pogozfsi,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'duct of male reproductive system'?","A. A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances. B. Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. C. the elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens D. Any of the ducts that are part of a male reproductive system.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,duct of male reproductive system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005904 1_1_q2adkbax,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'atrioventricular septum'?","A. The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve. B. The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye that serves as the chief refractory structure. C. Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. D. The connective tissue that supports the lobules and follicles of the thyroid gland.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,atrioventricular septum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005989 1_1_8htpgwfq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Maximum storage life'?","A. Eating quality score B. Maximum number of months of storage life C. Number of fruit of 50-60 % of red color component measured with sorter machine D. Number of fruit of 40-50 % of red color component measured with sorter machine",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Maximum storage life,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_370:0001035 1_1_iljre6ac,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Delphinidin glucoside content'?","A. Number of pollinated flowers/total number in vivo pollinations B. Measurement of fruit firmness (measurement of the force (N) to equatorially compress the berry by 20%) from 20 berries with a texture analyzer (TA.XT, Stable Micro Systems, Surrey, UK) C. Measured with HPLC, reported as mg/100 gram of fresh tissue weight D. Fruit acidity determined via titration with a 200 g homogenated berry sample",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Delphinidin glucoside content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000472 1_1_2kp8yz8o,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cispronominal person'?","A. A transgender person who uses pronouns not associated with their assigned gender at birth. B. A family where at least one parent has children that are not genetically related to the other spouse or partner. C. A cisgender person who uses the pronouns associated with their assigned gender at birth. D. Individuals classified by type of pronoun or pronouns that they do or do not use, and the relationship that those pronouns have to their gender modality.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cispronominal person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012496 1_1_bji45mmt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'lysophosphatidylserine 18:2(1-)'?","A. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 26 carbons and 1 double bond. B. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 14 carbons and 2 double bonds. C. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 14 carbons and 1 double bonds.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,lysophosphatidylserine 18:2(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72410 1_1_70yz8fat,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pulmonary situs ambiguus'?","A. An abnormality of the pulmonary situs, i.e., of the sidedness of the morphological right and left lungs, in which the morphology of both left and right lungs is the same. B. An abnormality of the pulmonary situs, i.e., of the sidedness of the morphological right and left lungs, in which both lungs have the morphology of a right lung. C. Mirror image arrangement of the mainstem bronchi with the right pulmonary artery posterior to the right upper lobe bronchus and the left pulmonary artery anterior to the left upper lobe bronchus. D. An abnormality of the pulmonary situs, i.e., of the sidedness of the morphological right and left lungs, which is defined by characteristics such as the number of lobes per lung and the relationship of the pulmonary arteries to their bronchi.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pulmonary situs ambiguus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011617 1_1_gf6xlbon,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Glume length'?","A. Color of the stems. B. A physiological phenomenon caused by hot, dry and windy weather. the whole tip of the flag leaf tends to be necrotic and will often fold over. leaf tip necrosis progresses from the margins of the flag leaf tip and lower leaves as well show some signs of it. leaf tip necrosis is observed to some extent in all wheat varieties containing the leaf rust gene resistance gene lr34. C. Length of glume. D. Glaucousness in peduncle.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Glume length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000032 1_1_1hoc1qy9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 106'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by global developmental delay, severely impaired motor and cognitive development, hypotonia, and onset of frequent refractory seizures or infantile spasms between 6 and 15 months of age that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CDK19 gene on chromosome 6q21. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of various types of frequent seizures within the first year of life and profound global developmental delay with limited ability to move and absent speech that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the UFSP2 gene on chromosome 4q35. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by profound global developmental delay and hypotonia apparent in infancy followed by onset of seizures in the first months or years of life that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CACNA2D1 gene on chromosome 7q21. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by global developmental delay and onset in the first months of life of tonic seizures or infantile spasms that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SPTAN1 gene on chromosome 9q34.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 106,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070392 1_1_6vnu6ueg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acuity'?","A. BeadStudio Software is a modular analysis tool for genotyping, gene expression, and methylation applications B. The GeneSpring-R integration package will allow you to expand the capability of GeneSpring by integrating R programs seamlessly into GeneSpring. With the integration package you will be able to use the power of R and BioConductor scripts in GeneSpring's rich graphical environment C. Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data. D. Acuity is the complete enterprise microarray informatics platform for microarray data storage, data filtering and data analysis. It analysis tools for quality, visualizations for discovery and Data Management for Security.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Acuity,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000451 1_1_g2kkbpwx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'forelimb zeugopod muscle'?","A. The extrinsic extensor muscles of the hand are located in the back of the forearm and have long tendons connecting them to bones in the hand, where they exert their action. B. Any muscle organ that is part of a forelimb zeugopod (lower arm)[Automatically generated definition]. C. A muscle of the forearm that acts to flex and abduct the manus. [WP,unvetted]. D. A muscle organ that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,forelimb zeugopod muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004254 1_1_8bcqhske,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dysplasia of the femoral head'?","A. Underdevelopment of the femoral head. B. An abnormally flattened femoral head. C. Delayed ossification of the femoral head. D. The presence of developmental dysplasia of the femoral head.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Dysplasia of the femoral head,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010575 1_1_fy69wyjy,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Version'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:VersionTable B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:SubdivisionTypeTable C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept either in concept scheme eli:AdministrativeAreaTable or in concept scheme https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/atu (Administrative Territorial Unit table published of the EU Publications Office). D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language",A,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Version,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#Version 1_1_1nnd4yap,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'aromatic 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2-oxo-3-(5-oxofuran-2-ylidene)propanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (3E)-3-[(1R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-ylidene]pyruvic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. C. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 6-acetamido-2-oxopentanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion ontained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any aromatic 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; major species at pH 7.3. In the structure shown R is an aromatic group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,aromatic 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73309 1_1_p8qt666x,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell chemotaxis. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mononuclear cell migration. Mononuclear cell migration is the movement of a mononuclear cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. D. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000510 1_1_njygpypv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'DNA metabolic process'?","A. Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template. B. Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements. C. Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. D. The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,DNA metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006259 1_1_shehlfso,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - chromium dry weight'?","A. Measure the total phenolic concentration is determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with masa spectrometry and record it B. Measure the Chromium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it C. Measure the antheraxanthin concentration is determined by a spectrophotometric method using an standar curve of L-ascorbic acid and record it D. Measure the Thallium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - chromium dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001171 1_1_gfaxy8pw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'metaxylem tracheid'?","A. A primary xylem tracheid that is part of the metaxylem . B. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers , with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis. C. A tracheid that is part of a xylem tissue . D. A small, pistillate flower that is part of a ear spikelet .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,metaxylem tracheid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025621 1_1_l3n1rwks,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluorescence'?","A. A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. B. A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer. C. The fluorescence of some water. D. A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,fluorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000018 1_1_irqo0307,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen. C. OBSOLETE. The action of reducing the surface tension of a liquid. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046258 1_1_epf59pl6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'breast intraductal proliferative lesion'?","A. An intraductal breast benign neoplasm that is characterized by an increase in the number of cells perpendicular to the basement membrane resulting in total alteration and distension of the normal unit structure of the breast. It is confined to the duct-lobular system, originates from the terminal duct-lobular unit and displays different cytological and architectural patterns of proliferation. B. A breast intraductal proliferative lesion that is characterized by columnar cell changes with cytologic atypia. C. A breast benign neoplasm that is located_in the breast ducts. D. An intraductal breast benign neoplasm that is characterized by fingerlike growth projections.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,breast intraductal proliferative lesion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6839 1_1_bc4yvgkv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Chronic kidney disease, stage 1'?","A. patient is depending on renal dialysis which is a procedure that is a substitute for many of the normal functions of the kidneys B. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, ""induced miscarriage"". C. The biopsy findings were consistent with the renal lesions of toxemia of pregnancy, although other renal diseases such as Henoch Schonlein nephritis or lupus proliferative glomerulonephritis cannot be excluded D. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is progressive loss in kidney function over a period of months or years.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Chronic kidney disease, stage 1",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000035 1_1_mpu1tdzw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'abstainer'?","A. An extended organism that is a member of the species Homo sapiens. B. A person who is not engaging in a behaviour pattern that they previously enacted. C. A person who is not a substance user. D. A person living with tuberculosis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,abstainer,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000342 1_1_np9ix6bw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial focal epilepsy with variable foci 1'?","A. A familial focal epilepsy with variable foci that is characterized by onset of focal seizures in the first years of life and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN3A gene on chromosome 2q24. B. A focal epilepsy that is characterized by focal seizures, with seizure onset in a discrete area of the brain including the temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, with focal seizures arising from different cortical regions in different family members. C. A familial focal epilepsy with variable foci that is characterized by focal seizures arising from different cortical regions in different family members and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the DEPDC5 gene on chromosome 22q12. D. A familial focal epilepsy with variable foci that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NPRL3 gene on chromosome 16p13.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial focal epilepsy with variable foci 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081421 1_1_ss9as184,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'eighth order inflorescence axis'?","A. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a seventh order inflorescence axis . B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a sixth order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a eighth order inflorescence axis . D. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a second order inflorescence axis .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,eighth order inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025109 1_1_krpw1c26,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root secondary thickening meristem'?","A. A secondary thickening meristem that is part of a stem . B. A lateral meristem that is not contiguous with an apical meristem and has a parts multiple layers of meristematic cells . C. A secondary thickening meristem that is part of a root . D. A shoot apical meristem that gives rise to the apical growth of reproductive tissues and organs.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root secondary thickening meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025443 1_1_oqdo0u6m,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'badé'?","A. A Navajo person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. A Crow person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Southern Tiwa person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. A Cocopah person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,badé,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002031 1_1_453mo9qx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '10H-phenoxazine'?","A. A member of the class of phenoxazines that is 3-imino-1,9-dimethyl-3H-phenoxazine carrying an additional amino substituent at position 7 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylphenyl substituents at positions 2 and 8. The isomer in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 2'' on the phenyl rings are situated on opposite sides of the plane of the phenoxazine ring system. A component of orcein, a mixture of dyes isolated from lichens. B. A member of the class of phenoxazines that is 1,9-dimethyl-3H-phenoxazin-3-one carrying an additional amino substituent at position 7 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylphenyl substituents at positions 2 and 8. The isomer in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 2'' on the phenyl rings are both on the same side of the plane of the phenoxazine ring system. A component of orcein, a mixture of dyes isolated from lichens. C. A diester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy groups of glutaric acid with the hydroxy groups of (S)-1,2-di-O-dodecanylglycerol and 7-hydroxy-6-methylphenoxazin-3-one. D. A member of the class of phenoxazines that is morpholine which is ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 5-6.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,10H-phenoxazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_94057 1_1_0n98y7gn,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'azaconazole'?","A. A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2,4-dichlorophenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A fungicide used mainly in ornamental crops to control canker and other diseases. Azaconazole is moderately toxic to mammals but is not expected to bioaccumulate. It is moderately toxic to birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates. B. A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders. C. A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group. D. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-2,6-epoxyanthra[2,3-b]oxocine-8,13-dione substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at positions 7, 9 and 11 by hydroxy groups (the S,S-diastereomer)",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,azaconazole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81898 1_1_n6oya3oy,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'emergency department facility'?","A. A health care facility that treats and manages addictive disorders. B. A health care facility that provides harm reduction services to substance users. C. A health care facility that provides services to people who are pregnant and their partners. D. A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,emergency department facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMRSE_00000114 1_1_8t729yxg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'snow field'?","A. A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. B. A field which is composed primarily of gravel. C. A field which includes at least two mounts connected by high ground and arranged in an approximately linear fashion. D. Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,snow field,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000146 1_1_z3xh94yz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'stone cutter or carver, manufacturing'?","A. Cut or carve stone according to diagrams and patterns. B. Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products. C. Receive and pay out money. Keep records of money and negotiable instruments involved in a financial institution's various transactions. D. Make and confirm reservations for transportation or lodging, or sell transportation tickets. May check baggage and direct passengers to designated concourse, pier, or track; deliver tickets and contact individuals and groups to inform them of package tours; or provide tourists with travel or transportation information.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"stone cutter or carver, manufacturing",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919503 1_1_f3loglxl,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'repeated falls'?","A. A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. B. main symptom of dyspnea is labored breathing. It's definition as a word is ""labored breathing"" C. A disorder characterized by a queasy sensation and/or the urge to vomit D. A sudden movement downward (fall), usually resulting in injury.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,repeated falls,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000455 1_1_ky67q7sc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'prefrontal squall line'?","A. A squall line less than about 100 km ahead of a cold front, in the warm sector, having an orientation more or less parallel to the cold front. B. A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M. C. A line of active thunderstorms, either continuous or with breaks, including contiguous precipitation areas resulting from the existence of the thunderstorms. D. The generally small, localized atmospheric circulations.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,prefrontal squall line,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/PrefrontalSquallLine 1_1_qd4s9qgf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'age-based sexual attraction'?","A. Primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children by an adult. B. Primary or exclusive sexual attraction toward members of a specific age group, as with pedophilia or gerontophilia. C. Sexual attraction to adults. D. Attraction that makes people desire sexual contact or shows sexual interest in another person or persons.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,age-based sexual attraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002168 1_1_3wpsqeff,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'COPASI'?","A. Software for microarray image analysis. B. The GeneSpring-R integration package will allow you to expand the capability of GeneSpring by integrating R programs seamlessly into GeneSpring. With the integration package you will be able to use the power of R and BioConductor scripts in GeneSpring's rich graphical environment C. BlueFuse for Microarrays is a powerful software solution for the analysis of microarray expression and arrayCGH experiments. Operation is simple and fully automated, saving time, removing operator error and subjectivity and ensuring experimental reproducibility. D. COPASI is a software application for simulation and analysis of biochemical networks and their dynamics. COPASI is a stand-alone program that supports models in the SBML standard and can simulate their behavior using ODEs or Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm; arbitrary discrete events can be included in such simulations. COPASI provides an C++ API with language bindings for Perl, python, R, Java, and Octave and is able to communicate with the Systems Biology Workbench COPASI carries out several analyses of the network and its dynamics and has extensive support for parameter estimation and optimization. COPASI provides means to visualize data in customizable plots, histograms and animations of network diagrams.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,COPASI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000013 1_1_cg5lu7bm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tight junction disassembly'?","A. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other. B. The disaggregation of an tight junction into its constituent components. C. The disaggregation of a cell-cell junction into its constituent components. D. A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a tight junction. A tight junction seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tight junction disassembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905071 1_1_nt9csa9b,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hearing aid specialist'?","A. Repair percussion, stringed, reed, or wind instruments. May specialize in one area, such as piano tuning. B. Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds. C. Analyze specifications, lay out metal stock, set up and operate machine tools, and fit and assemble parts to make and repair dies, cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, gauges, and machinists' hand tools. D. Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,hearing aid specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29209200 1_1_8u5qz1ag,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'testis'?","A. A male organ involved in reproduction. B. A testis that is in the right side of the genitalia [Automatically generated definition]. C. The internal masculine genital organs, including the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, ejaculatory ducts, and bulbourethral glands. D. A gonad of a male animal. A gonad produces and releases sperm.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,testis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 1_1_03hm2d5y,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial or investment analyst'?","A. Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual members. B. Conduct quantitative analyses of information involving investment programs or financial data of public or private institutions, including valuation of businesses. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services. D. Research, design, develop, or test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use employing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,financial or investment analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13205100 1_1_q8ehsvi2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesothelial cell of pleura'?","A. An epithelial cell of the prostate. B. A mesothelial cell that is part of the pleura. C. A mesothelial cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. D. The outer serous membrane of the pulmonary pleural.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mesothelial cell of pleura,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000491 1_1_eawl8n3i,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other respiratory manifestations'?","A. Respiratory disease is a medical term that encompasses pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange possible in higher organisms, and includes conditions of the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing. B. Bronchopneumonia, bronchial pneumonia or bronchogenic pneumonia (not to be confused with lobar pneumonia) is the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles. C. Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus. D. A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other respiratory manifestations,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000040 1_1_jp5ektan,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'monoterpene metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving miltiradiene. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,monoterpene metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043692 1_1_5etwntt3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cribriform area of renal papilla'?","A. Cribriform area of renal papilla B. Organ with organ cavity, each intance of which connects some cavity of the urinary bladder to the exterior. Examples: There is only one urethra. C. Alveodental arch located in maxillary region of mouth. D. *Anatomical line of skin, the course, of which, is modulated by the action of underlying muscles.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cribriform area of renal papilla,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76667 1_1_h7fdhi44,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete cghMCR'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete cghMCR,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000496 1_1_gzckwf69,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Harvest index'?","A. Seed mass of approximately four representative plants that were harvested from the center of the plot (seed should be dried to constant weight) B. Thickness of the stem measured with calipers at the middle of the bottom third of the plant stem C. Stem of the plant is not emerging straight up from the soil but has a kink at the base, growing along the ground before rising; assessing the percentage of the plot affected D. Yield/ above-ground biomass",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Harvest index,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_367:0000126 1_1_p0n9xyze,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of office or administrative support worker'?","A. Provide technical assistance regarding the conservation of soil, water, forests, or related natural resources. May compile data pertaining to size, content, condition, and other characteristics of forest tracts under the direction of foresters, or train and lead forest workers in forest propagation and fire prevention and suppression. May assist conservation scientists in managing, improving, and protecting rangelands and wildlife habitats. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate one or more administrative services of an organization, such as records and information management, mail distribution, and other office support services. C. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers. D. Analyze specifications, lay out metal stock, set up and operate machine tools, and fit and assemble parts to make and repair dies, cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, gauges, and machinists' hand tools.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of office or administrative support worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43101100 1_1_096ym524,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneSpring'?","A. A collection of tools for performing category analysis. B. Conducts pathway analysis by calculating the NT_k and NE_k statistics C. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects D. A function to make gene presence/absence calls based on distance from negative strand matching probesets (NSMP) which are derived from Affymetrix annotation. PANP is applied after gene expression values are created, and therefore can be used after any preprocessing method such as MAS5 or GCRMA, or PM-only methods like RMA. NSMP sets have been established for the HGU133A and HGU133-Plus-2.0 chipsets to date.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneSpring,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000193 1_1_fco6genu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Corticospinal-corticobulbar pathway'?","A. Anatomical space which contains two or more anatomical structures demarcated by bona fide boundaries and is bounded by the surface of one or more anatomical structures. Examples: orbital cavity, suprasternal space, thoracic cavity, fascial space, hepatic lacuna. B. Anatonical line of eyeball, each instance of which demarcates the junction of the middle and lower thirds of some cornea but not reaching some limbus. C. Pathway structure of neuraxis which consists of corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticorubrospinal, corticoreticulospinal and corticotectospinal fibers. D. Pathway structure of neuraxis, each instance of which is a triangular neuronal pathway in some brain, connecting some dentate nucleus on one side with some red nucleus and olive on the other side.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Corticospinal-corticobulbar pathway,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275560 1_1_wtqcbdto,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'social grade C2'?","A. A social grade where the person's occupation is as a skilled manual worker. B. A social grade where the person's primary income is from state benefit or they are unemployed or in unstable, low paid, unskilled employment. C. A social grade where the person's occupation is as a semi-skilled or unskilled manual worker. D. A social grade where the person's occupation is higher and intermediate professional or managerial.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,social grade C2,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001391 1_1_trvbg1vw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Adjusted yield (15% moisture) computation'?","A. Computation of the ethanol-insoluble high molecular weight dietary fiber content, measured on a dry weight basis using wet chemistry. B. Calculate the adjusted yield (15% moisture). C. Calculate the fraction of wheat. D. Calculate the secondary groat aspect ratio.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Adjusted yield (15% moisture) computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000652 1_1_phsifcvc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left half of thoracic cavity'?","A. Body cavity subdivision which is surrounded by the internal surface of the right or left side of the rib cage, the right or left lateral surface of the mediastinum and the superior surface of a hemidiaphragm. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, cavity of right hemithorax and cavity of left hemithorax. B. Organ segment which is regional part of cuboid bone proper. Examples: There are only two cuboid bone proper, left and right cuboid bone proper. C. Subdivision of thoracic cavity demarcated from the right half of thoracic cavity by the median plane. D. Subdivision of thoracic cavity demarcated from the left half of thoracic cavity by the median plane.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left half of thoracic cavity,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49883 1_1_cx2imaez,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4,6-Me(COOH)C-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Glc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol(4-)'?","A. The organophosphate oxoanion that is 2-(2-carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethyl phosphate protonated to pH 7.3 B. An organophosphate oxoanion that is the tetra-anion of 4,6-Me(COOH)C-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Glc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol arising from deprotonation of both free diphosphate OH groups and both of the carboxy groups; major species at pH 7.3. C. The dianion formed by removal of two protons from the phosphate group of 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate. D. An organophosphate oxoanion that is molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide protonated to pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"4,6-Me(COOH)C-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcA-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-beta-D-Glc-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glc-1-diphospho-ditrans,polycis-undecaprenol(4-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62860 1_1_n40551f1,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Title'?","A. This class comprises all signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class within a certain context. Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e. other instances of E41 Appellation that are regarded as equivalent, regardless of the thing it denotes. Different languages may use different appellations for the same thing, such as the names of major cities. Some appellations may be formulated using a valid noun phrase of a particular language. In these cases, the respective instances of E41 Appellation should also be declared as instances of E33 Linguistic Object. Then the language using the appellation can be declared with the property P72 has language: E56 Language. Instances of E41 Appellation may be used to identify any instance of E1 CRM Entity and sometimes are characteristic for instances of more specific subclasses of E1 CRM Entity, such as for instances of E52 Time-Span (for instance “dates”), E39 Actor, E53 Place or E28 Conceptual Object. Postal addresses and E-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients. Even numerically expressed identifiers for extents in space or time are also regarded as instances of E41 Appellation, such as Gregorian dates or spatial coordinates, even though they allow for determining some time or location by a known procedure starting from a reference point and by virtue of that fact play a double role as instances of E59 Primitive Value. E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises recognisable texts that can be attached to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class is not intended to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CIDOC CRM as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E18 Physical Thing. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the textual strings that within a cultural context can be clearly identified as titles due to their form. Being a subclass of E41 Appellation, E35 Title can only be used when such a string is actually used as a title of a work, such as a text, an artwork, or a piece of music. Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting”, or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group. This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. Postal addresses, telephone numbers, URLs and e-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients. The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E35 Title,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E35_Title 1_1_lcgmi04c,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus'?","A. Component of the inferior frontal gyrus.defined as the second gyrus from the precentral gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). B. A somatic stem cell that is part of the epidermis. C. An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal canaliculus. D. A branch of the ophthalmic nerve that serves to supply the mucous membrane of the nose, the tip of the nose, and the conjunctiva.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002629 1_1_f46lir03,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotinic antagonist'?","A. An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past year. B. A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as having been addicted to something but no longer addicted to that thing. C. Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. D. An antagonist at the nicotinic cholinergic receptor.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotinic antagonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48878 1_1_dt1xij32,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Initial microarray data processing (data filtering, local normalisation and quality control)'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,"obsolete Initial microarray data processing (data filtering, local normalisation and quality control)",http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000241 1_1_g63fqjly,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of organelle assembly'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cristae formation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bacterial-type flagellum assembly.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of organelle assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902116 1_1_1yqks7x2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 19'?","A. Myocardium of region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the basal anterior, mid anterior , apical anterior and anteroapical zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the myocardium of lateral wall of left ventricle. B. Region of myocardium which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle, the cardiac muscle of left ventricle and the fibrocollagenous sheath of cardiac muscle tissue that is located on the anterior part of the apex zone of myocardium of the left ventricle. C. Region of myocardium of right ventricle which has as its parts the mid anterior zone, mid septal zone, mid inferior zone and mid lateral zone of myocardium of right ventricle. D. Region of myocardium which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle, the cardiac muscle of left ventricle and the fibrocollagenous sheath of cardiac muscle tisuue that is located on the posterior part of the apex zone of myocardium of left ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 19,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86503 1_1_nj7udj8x,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'turlough'?","A. A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. B. A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. C. A depression which intermittently contains a lake. D. A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,turlough,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000454 1_1_nowy8nra,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anti-H3-H4 antibody positivity'?","A. The presence of autoantibodies in the blood circulation that react against histone H1. B. The presence of autoantibodies in the blood circulation that react against the H2A-H2B histone dimer. C. The presence of autoantibodies in the blood circulation that react against histone antigens. D. The presence of autoantibodies in the blood circulation that react against the H3-H4 histone dimer.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anti-H3-H4 antibody positivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033592 1_1_kblsadzb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spleen'?","A. Homogenous organ the stroma of which subdivides the parenchyma into red and white pulps. B. Homogeneous organ, each instance of which is a connected or detached part or enclave of some spleen. C. Zone of fibrous pericardium which is attached to the diaphragm. D. Parenchymatous organ the stroma of which does not subdivide the parenchyma into distinct morphological organ parts. Examples: parathyroid gland, coccygeal body, right carotid body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Spleen,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7196 1_1_0t8l6tbe,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of mid zone of right ventricle'?","A. Region of myocardium of right ventricle which has as its parts the mid anterior zone, mid septal zone, mid inferior zone and mid lateral zone of myocardium of right ventricle. B. Region of myocardium of right ventricle which has as its parts the basal anterior zone, basal septal zone, basal inferior zone and basal lateral zone of myocarium of right ventricle. C. Myocardium region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the basal, mid, apical inferior zones and the inferoapical zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the myocardium of lateral wall of left ventricle and the septal myocardium of left ventricle. D. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the myocardium of trabecula carnea of the left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of mid zone of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma225392 1_1_rps763gg,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Loyalty'?","A. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. B. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. C. Curiosity describes funny random things that can happen or be found in the game. An example could be jumping from the Eiffel tower without dying or following a comupter controlled character’s activities for one hour. D. Lucky describes an achievement that is awarded to the player in a lucky situation. An example of Lucky achievement would be winning in a lottery or throwing “Yahtzee” without re-rolling the dice.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Loyalty,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Loyalty 1_1_ftlwk5c1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'elastic'?","A. An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. B. An elasticity which is relatively low. C. An elasticity which is relatively high. D. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,elastic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001171 1_1_cz8u99m8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'plw'?","A. Probe level Locally moderated Weighted median-t (PLW) and Locally Moderated Weighted-t (LMW). B. This package contains methods and functionality to analyse flow data that is beyond the basic infrastructure provided by the flowCore package. C. Implements classes and methods for large-scale SNP association studies D. Some basic functions for filtering genes",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,plw,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000662 1_1_a9zx1tl3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-[1-(benzylamino)ethylidene]-2-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one'?","A. A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted at position 5 by a decahydronaphthalen-1-ylmethyl group which in turn is substituted by a bromo, two methyl groups, a methylidene and a 4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl group at positions 6, 5, 8a, 2 and 5 respectively. A diterpenoid isolated from the Fijian red alga Callophycus serratus, it exhibits antibacterial, antimalarial and anticancer activities. B. A xanthene dye that is fluorescein bearing bromine substituents at positions 2', 4', 5' and 7'. C. A ring assembly that is the 2-(2,4-dibromophenyl) derivative of 4-[1-(benzylamino)ethylidene]-5-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one. D. A monomethoxybenzene carrying a bromo substituent at position 4.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"4-[1-(benzylamino)ethylidene]-2-(2,4-dibromophenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75060 1_1_god5289v,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'solar photovoltaic installer'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend paper goods machines that perform a variety of functions, such as converting, sawing, corrugating, banding, wrapping, boxing, stitching, forming, or sealing paper or paperboard sheets into products. B. Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy duty transmission towers. C. Model garments or other apparel and accessories for prospective buyers at fashion shows, private showings, or retail establishments. May pose for photos to be used in magazines or advertisements. May pose as subject for paintings, sculptures, and other types of artistic expression. D. Assemble, install, or maintain solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on roofs or other structures in compliance with site assessment and schematics. May include measuring, cutting, assembling, and bolting structural framing and solar modules. May perform minor electrical work such as current checks.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,solar photovoltaic installer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47223100 1_1_4ebxxlyi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'velvet bean (dried)'?","A. A dry seed of the jack-bean plant. B. A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. C. A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. D. A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,velvet bean (dried),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001205 1_1_sftjmxg3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ferulate 5-hydroxylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: ferulic acid + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 5-hydroxyferulic acid + H2O + NADP+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 8beta-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oate + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = eupatolide + 2 H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-methoxybenzoate + AH(2) + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzoate + A + formaldehyde + H2O. D. Catalysis of the reaction: typhasterol + O2 + a reduced electron acceptor = castasterone + H2O + an oxidized electron acceptor.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ferulate 5-hydroxylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046424 1_1_qqiimqu6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'container of an intermittent saline lake'?","A. A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. B. A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. C. A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. D. A depression which intermittently contains a lake.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,container of an intermittent saline lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000502 1_1_47gadhz5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Restorationists'?","A. Protestant clergy who are LGBTQIA+. B. LGBTQ people who are Quakers. C. LGBTQ people who are Restorationist. D. LGBTQ people who are Mormon.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Restorationists,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008208 1_1_6z4wenh4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'synarthrosis'?","A. Joint that articulates the hyomandibula bone and metapterygoid bone. B. A synarthrosis is a type of joint which permits very little or no movement under normal conditions. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous. Suture joints and synchondroses are synarthroses. C. Joint between the centra, and sometimes the neural arches or parapophyses of vertebra 4 and vertebra 5. D. Joint that articulates the dorsal hypohyal and urohyal bones. Dorsal hypohyal-urohyal joint is paired.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,synarthrosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011873 1_1_q7bpvhya,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of microtubule binding'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of microtubule binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904527 1_1_zch2xwso,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'iliac neck'?","A. A constricted region of the ilium which is dorsal to the acetabulular region. Prior to the expansion of the iliac blade. B. A muscular trabecula in the right ventricle of the heart that connects the interventricular septum to the anterior wall and to the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle. C. Process that is bony and arises from lateral margin of basipterygium lateral to pelvic fin lepidotrichium 1 and projects laterally or anterolaterally. D. A thin membrane which helps to support the capillary loops in a renal glomerulus. It is connective tissue composed of mesangial cells - myofibroblasts phenotypically related to vascular smooth muscle cells (muscle, smooth, vascular), phagocytes and the mesangial extracellular matrix.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,iliac neck,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200086 1_1_z4g1n39j,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'data storage'?","A. A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. B. A normalization is a data transformation objective where the aim is to remove systematic sources of variation to put the data on equal footing in order to create a common base for comparisons. C. Peak matching is a data transformation performed on a dataset of a graph of ordered data points (e.g. a spectrum) with the objective of pattern matching local maxima above a noise threshold D. The storing of digital information. Often this is done for archiving and retrieval purposes.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,data storage,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000143 1_1_z0gsfyud,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of gastric acid secretion'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. B. Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of gastric acid secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060453 1_1_8l9ptg2c,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leber congenital amaurosis 13'?","A. A Leber congenital amaurosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CRX gene on chromosome 19q13. B. A Leber congenital amaurosis thatis characterized by mild or absent hyperopia, transient improvement of visual acuity, and eventual macular atrophy with severe disease progression and has_material_basis_in mutation in the RDH12 gene on chromosome 14q23.3. C. A Leber congenital amaurosis that is characterized by severe infantile-onset cone-rod dystrophy with high hyperopia and severe ERG abnormalities and has_material_basis_in mutation in the CEP290 gene on chromosome 12q21.32. D. A Leber congenital amaurosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the TULP1 gene on chromosome 6p21.3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Leber congenital amaurosis 13,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110330 1_1_b89cn63f,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'transudate'?","A. A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. B. Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. C. Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. D. A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,transudate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007779 1_1_e00n2fto,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf colour - Estimation'?","A. Observe leaf colour and rate it. B. Observe pod length and rate it. C. Observe shattering as seeds falling from pods on standing plants. D. Observe hilum shape.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf colour - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_346:0000159 1_1_1wqkfcno,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal pumping'?","A. An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients. B. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. C. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. D. The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,pharyngeal pumping,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043050 1_1_g1x6exk0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'short-rib thoracic dysplasia 8 with or without polydactyly'?","A. An asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy associated with variation in the region 15q13. B. An asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the WDR60 gene on chromosome 7q36. C. An asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CEP120 gene on chromosome 5q23. D. An asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the IFT43 gene on chromosome 14q24.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,short-rib thoracic dysplasia 8 with or without polydactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110094 1_1_lpjdmlku,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gestational diabetes insipidus'?","A. A diabetes insipidus that is characterized by excessive thirst, polyuria with low urine osmolality, and intact urine concentrating ability. B. A diabetes insipidus that is characterized by a complete or partial resistance of the kidneys to vasopressin (ADH). C. A kidney disease that is characterized by polydipsia and polyuria with a dilute urine having a specific gravity less than 1.010, hypernatremia, and dehydration. D. A diabetes insipidus that is characterized by progressively rising levels of placental vasopressinase throughout pregnancy, resulting in decreased endogenous vasopressin and resulting hypotonic polyuria worsening through the pregnancy.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,gestational diabetes insipidus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081057 1_1_2dqeo9io,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of biventricular part of heart'?","A. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the tunica media of superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the trunk of pulmonary vein. B. Middle pre-aortic lymph node group located between inferior margin of left renal vein and superior margin of inferior mesenteric artery. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by the nasion and stomion. D. Myocardium of region of heart which is continuous with the tunica media of pulmonary trunk and aorta.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of biventricular part of heart,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83537 1_1_dof8ogxn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress'?","A. A bony projection on the distal epiphysis of the humerus that is the attachment site for the extensor muscles of the distal parts of the forelimb. In humans, this is known as the lateral epicondyle, but the position varies across tetrapods. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032058 1_1_h26st7nn,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044513 1_1_e4dz19w5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'candidiasis'?","A. The viral hemorrhagic (or haemorrhagic) fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. B. Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. C. A viral or bacterial infectious process affecting the large intestine. D. A condition in which candida albicans, a type of yeast, grows out of control in moist skin areas of the body",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,candidiasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000548 1_1_2f1o80ux,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant height'?","A. Height of tallest trifoliate leaf. B. The position of the truss relative to the foliage. C. Length of fruit from calyx to tip. D. The postion of achene relative to the fruit surface.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant height,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000197 1_1_lm53h9f8,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Soft_Law'?","A. A legal document is a document bearing norms or normative statements. By virtue of this definition the norm-as-propositional-attitude is reified as norm-as proposition. In other words, the norm being expressed through the legal source is an expression of the propositional attitude. B. The term ""soft law"" refers to quasi-legal instruments which do not have any binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat ""weaker"" than the binding force of traditional law, often referred to as ""hard law"", in this context. The term ""soft law"" initially appeared in the area of international law, but more recently it has been transferred to other branches of law. C. a code outlining the responsibilities of or best practice for an individual or organisation, such as a set of principles of good corporate behaviour adopted by a business\ D. Some international agreement that is not binding under international law",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Soft_Law,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Soft_Law 1_1_5i897v4n,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'supra subduction zone complex'?","A. A forearc is a depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] B. A distinction of whether the continental margins are active (subducting). [Wikipedia] C. A subduction zone is an area on Earth where two tectonic plates move towards one another and subduction occurs. [Wikipedia] D. There is increasing evidence that most ophiolites are generated when subduction begins and thus represent fragments of fore-arc lithosphere. This led to introduction of the term ‘supra-subduction zone’ (SSZ) ophiolite in the 1980s to acknowledge that some ophiolites are more closely related to island arcs than ocean ridges. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,supra subduction zone complex,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/SupraSubductionZoneComplex 1_1_p3zorkmw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'histone H2BS36 kinase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase kinase; each MAP kinase kinase can be phosphorylated by any of several MAP kinase kinase kinases. B. Cyclin-dependent catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: histone H2B-serine (position 36) + ATP = histone H2B-phosphoserine (position 36) + ADP. This reaction is the addition of a phosphate group to the serine residue at position 36 of histone H2B. D. cNMP-dependent catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,histone H2BS36 kinase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140823 1_1_llujj6f3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first days or months of life of frequent, usually refractory, seizures and profoundly impaired development that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UGP2 gene on chromosome 2p15. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first weeks or months of life of intractable seizures and very poor psychomotor development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GNAO1 gene on chromosome 16q13. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first days or months of life of severe refractory seizures, little developmental progress, cerebral atrophy, impaired myelination, thin corpus callosum, and progressive leukoencephalopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DMXL2 gene on chromosome 15q21.2. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by infantile onset of seizures, severe intellectual disabilities, impaired motor functions, movement disorders, and postnatal microcephaly that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the RHOBTB2 gene on chromosome 8p21.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 17,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080450 1_1_tr6z7ahz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'AffyCompatible''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'AffyCompatible',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000021 1_1_7nvsl09b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'privacy'?","A. The ability to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). B. Any of various rights which relate to the communication, collection, access, use, and control of information. C. A class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression. D. The ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively. The boundaries and content of what is considered private differ among cultures and individuals.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,privacy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003294 1_1_essneuc2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'localized enlarged lymph nodes'?","A. Diseases of the lymphatic system, a network of tissues and organs. B. a condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs. C. when a blood clot develops in a blood vessel of the lower extremities and becomes stuck, obstructing blood flow D. Lymph nodes in one particular area of the body swell up",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,localized enlarged lymph nodes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000394 1_1_b9h7tf3q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, which have glycosaminoglycan repeat units consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a methane from a dimethyl sulfide.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,methane biosynthetic process from dimethyl sulfide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2001131 1_1_tl6hyeqx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Diaphragmatic hernia without obstruction or gangrene'?","A. Acute inflammation of the appendix. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated. B. a hernia is the exit of an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides. C. A hernia is caused by the protrusion of a viscus (in the case of groin hernias, an intraabdominal organ) through a weakness in the containing wall. D. A congenital or acquired weakness or opening in the diaphragm which allows abdominal contents to protrude into the chest cavity; congenital diaphragmatic hernias are caused when the embryonic diaphragm fails to fuse.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Diaphragmatic hernia without obstruction or gangrene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000056 1_1_ssa84c6x,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lateral supraclavicular nerve'?","A. Supraclavicular nerve, each instance of which supplies skin over some pectoralis major and some deltoideus muscles, and communicates with branches of some intercostal nerves. B. Supraclavicular nerve, each instance of which supplies anterior part of skin of some neck and some sternoclavoicular joint. C. Peripheral nerve, each instance of which consists of nerve fibers from some third and fourth cervical spinal nerves. D. Supraclavicular nerve, each instance of which supplies skin of upper and posterior parts of some shoulder.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lateral supraclavicular nerve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329235 1_1_chq4965n,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'coronary vessel'?","A. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. B. distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. C. Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation D. The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,coronary vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005985 1_1_ij38y65j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Celiac lymph node group proper'?","A. Celiac lymph node group located around the common hepatic artery. B. Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group around the main trunk of superior mesenteric artery. C. Abdominal proper lymph node group around trunk of celiac artery. D. Superior mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the jejunum and ileum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Celiac lymph node group proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277916 1_1_tf3b7d9z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sunlight'?","A. A particular aspect of a normal lightning flash occasionally seen when the observer happens to view end-on a number of segments of the irregular channel (zigzag lightning) and hence receives an impression of higher luminosity at a series of locations along the channel. B. In meteorology, the flow of air along a latitude circle; more specifically, the latitudinal (east or west) component of existing flow. C. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the atmosphere, and the solar radiation is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon. This is usually during the hours known as day. Near the poles in summer, sunlight also occurs during the hours known as night and in the winter at the poles sunlight may not occur at any time. When the direct radiation is not blocked by clouds, it is experienced as sunshine, a combination of bright light and heat. Radiant heat directly produced by the radiation of the sun is different from the increase in atmospheric temperature due to the radiative heating of the atmosphere by the sun's radiation. D. A pressure trough of smaller scale than a long-wave trough. It ordinarily moves rapidly and is associated with a migratory cyclonic disturbance in the lower troposphere. See short wave.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sunlight,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/Sunlight 1_1_jflskn8t,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD57-positive enterocyte'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic stellate cell proliferation. B. An enterocyte that is part of the epithelium of intestinal villus. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded. D. An enterocyte that is part of a duodenal epithelium and expresses beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (B3GAT1), also known as CD57 or HNK-1.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,CD57-positive enterocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033092 1_1_b9tzsgzr,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diencephalon'?","A. Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement[MESH]. A large dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum , and formed in humans of two lateral lobes and a median lobe[BTO]. Brain structure derived from the anterior hindbrain, and perhaps including posterior midbrain. The cerebellum plays a role in somatic motor function, the control of muscle tone, and balance[ZFA]. B. The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. C. The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cortex. It is extended from the corpus callosum below to the cingulate sulcus above, at least anteriorly. [WP,unvetted]. D. Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK).",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,diencephalon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001894 1_1_ix5m66mi,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'T cell'?","A. A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. B. A lymphocyte that is part of a Peyer's patch. These cells have a major role in driving the immune response to antigens sampled from the intestinal lumen, and in regulating the formation of follicle-associated epithelium and M cells in Peyer's patches by converting intestitial enterocytes into M cells. C. A lymphocyte of B lineage with the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. D. A lymphocyte that lacks characteristic T cell, B cell, myeloid cell, and dendritic cell markers, that functions as part of the innate immune response to produce cytokines and other effector responses.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,T cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 1_1_eg9p1blf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'xenolith'?","A. One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution [wicktionary] B. Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [Wikipedia] C. By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma [Wikipedia] D. A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. The term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock during magma emplacement and eruption [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,xenolith,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Xenolith 1_1_b8bhqz1q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of lateral root development'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thermomorphogenesis. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral root development. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal complex development. D. Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of lateral root development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901332 1_1_uo87hi2k,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'artillery or missile crew member'?","A. Target, fire, and maintain weapons used to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Field artillery crew members predominantly use guns, cannons, and howitzers in ground combat operations, while air defense artillery crew members predominantly use missiles and rockets. Naval artillery crew members predominantly use torpedoes and missiles launched from a ship or submarine. Duties include testing, inspecting, and storing ammunition, missiles, and torpedoes; conducting preventive and routine maintenance on weapons and related equipment; establishing and maintaining radio and wire communications; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. B. All military enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crewmembers not listed separately. C. Implement unconventional operations by air, land, or sea during combat or peacetime as members of elite teams. These activities include offensive raids, demolitions, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and counterterrorism. In addition to their combat training, special forces members often have specialized training in swimming, diving, parachuting, survival, emergency medicine, and foreign languages. Duties include conducting advanced reconnaissance operations and collecting intelligence information; recruiting, training, and equipping friendly forces; conducting raids and invasions on enemy territories; laying and detonating explosives for demolition targets; locating, identifying, defusing, and disposing of ordnance; and operating and maintaining sophisticated communications equipment. D. Operate tanks, light armor, and amphibious assault vehicles during combat situations on land or in aquatic environments. Duties include driving armored vehicles that require specialized training; operating and maintaining targeting and firing systems; operating and maintaining advanced onboard communications and navigation equipment; transporting personnel and equipment in a combat environment; and operating and maintaining auxiliary weapons, including machine guns and grenade launchers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,artillery or missile crew member,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55301400 1_1_bh62yolh,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Semantic_Annotation'?","A. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 B. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 C. A modification that changes the meaning of some provision without changing its literal text D. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Semantic_Annotation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Semantic_Annotation 1_1_fi03h5du,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'flight behavior'?","A. The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air. B. Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. C. The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus. D. The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,flight behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007629 1_1_dv2eqb8w,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ODC-By v1.0'?","A. The Eclipse Public License is similar to the Common Public License. This is a free software license. Unfortunately, its weak copyleft and choice of law clause make it incompatible with the GNU GPL. The only change is that the EPL removes the broader patent retaliation language regarding patent infringement suits specifically against Contributors to the EPL'd program. B. CC BY-SA 4.0 is a copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project recommend this license for art, entertainment and educational works, but also recommend that it is not used for software or documentation, since it is tricky as to how exactly this license is compatible with the GNU GPL. C. The NLM Open License with Attribution is a vendor-specific license which is similar to public domain, but which requests attribution. Government information at NLM Web sites is in the public domain. Public domain information may be freely distributed and copied, but it is requested that in any subsequent use the National Library of Medicine (NLM) be given appropriate acknowledgement. When using NLM Web sites, you may encounter documents, illustrations, photographs, or other information resources contributed or licensed by private individuals, companies, or organizations that may be protected by U.S. and foreign copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use as defined in the copyright laws requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Specific NLM Web sites containing protected information provide additional notification of conditions associated with its use. D. The ODbL v1.0 allows a user of the databases to share, create and adapt the database. You must attribute any public use of the database, or works produced from the database. For redistribution of the database or derivative works, you must make the use of this license clear to others, and you must keep intact any notices on the original database. If you redistribute the database, or an adapted version of it, then you may use technological measures that restrict the work (such as DRM) as long as you also redistribute a version without such measures.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ODC-By v1.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000100 1_1_cb3hc4mq,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'flood control dam'?","A. A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. B. A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. C. A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. D. A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,flood control dam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000471 1_1_tf7n2mpi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence bifurcation stage'?","A. Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of the inflorescence meristem on a vegetative branch. B. A reproductive shoot system development stage that has as primary participant a inflorescence . C. Stage of inflorescence development marked by the formation of two, often equal-sized, inflorescence meristems from one inflorescence meristem. D. A dehiscence zone that is part of a spore capsule.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence bifurcation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007037 1_1_ks7o2v1j,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'catalytic complex'?","A. Any protein complex that is capable of carrying out some part of the process of cell adhesion to the cell matrix or to another cell. B. A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. C. A protein complex facilitating transport of molecules (proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. D. A protein complex consisting of three collagen chains assembled into a left-handed triple helix. These trimers typically assemble into higher order structures.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,catalytic complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902494 1_1_57ekqw48,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other and unspecified cirrhosis of liver'?","A. Unspecified late stage scarring of the liver B. liver is damaged which makes it hard to digest food. C. any disturbance of liver function that causes illness. D. A disorder characterized by the inability of the liver to metabolize chemicals in the body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other and unspecified cirrhosis of liver,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000416 1_1_bcy8v0l1,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling of hunger'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that involves a subjective experience of an impulse to engage in a behaviour. B. A subjective affective feeling of being wide awake, alert, having active attention and perception. C. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume food. D. A subjective affective feeling of being at ease, comfortable, relaxed.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling of hunger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000205 1_1_982sr2kd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'homotypic cell-cell adhesion'?","A. The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules. B. The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules. C. The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. D. The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules as a result of an extracellular stimulus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,homotypic cell-cell adhesion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034109 1_1_d8opanj3,"In the ontology of Public Contracts, which of the following definitions best describes 'Combination of contract award criteria'?","A. Class for description of one criterion and its weight B. Basic class for decribing a tender submitted by a bidder C. Class for description of criteria combination used for tender evaluation D. Opening of tenders submitted for a public contract",C,1_1,business_finance/public_contracts_ontology,Combination of contract award criteria,http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#AwardCriteriaCombination 1_1_qjz3f636,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber specific gravity - method'?","A. Compute drought tolerance index measuring kg using the formula B. Compute the proportion of plants emerged over tubers planted using the formula C. Compute the specific gravity of the tuber using the formula D. Compute the total phenolic concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber specific gravity - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000392 1_1_z498fa67,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tepal'?","A. A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne. B. A phyllome that is part of a perianth where it is not possible to distinguish between the petals and sepals . C. A phyllome that is not associated with a reproductive structure. D. A phyllome that is usually green, and is part of the calyx .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tepal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009033 1_1_pw97lsdd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Perivascular fibrous sheath of liver'?","A. Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. B. Organ component of the liver, which consists of irregular dense connective tissue sheath which surrounds each portal triad. C. Dense irregular connective tissue, which predominantly consists of adipocytes. D. Dense irregular connective tissue which consists of a papillary layer and a reticular layer.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Perivascular fibrous sheath of liver,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14472 1_1_wy4cdjhm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'natural gas'?","A. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid statel (‘oily’) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally). This generag definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, including vegetable oils, resochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. Oil is a nonpolar substance. [Wikipedia] B. Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fuels formed by the natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms that lived up to 300 million years ago. These fuels contain high percentage of carbon and hydrocarbons. [Wikipedia] C. Coal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. It is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. [Wikipedia] D. Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills. It is an important fuel source, a major feedstock for fertilizers, and a potent greenhouse gas. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,natural gas,http://sweetontology.net/matrNaturalResource/NaturalGas 1_1_g5evbszd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lacrimal gland'?","A. Lobular organ, each instance of which has some hepatic lobule as its essential morphological unit. Eaxmple: There is only one liver. B. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the lacrimal sac. Examples: There only two, right lacrimal and left lacrimal glands. C. Lobular organ, each instance of which has some pulmonary acinus as its essential morphological unit. Eaxmple: There are right and left lungs. D. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate with the vestibule of vagina. Examples: right vestibular gland, lesser vestibular gland.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lacrimal gland,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59101 1_1_m555jvb1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervical vertebral arch joint'?","A. A vertebral arch joint that is part of a cervical region of vertebral column. B. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being drawn together, compressed or squeezed physically. C. A synovial joint between the prezygapophysis of one vertebra and the postzygapophysis of the vertebra directly above it. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment[WP]. D. An abnormality of the angular artery, the terminal branch of the facial artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,cervical vertebral arch joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016404 1_1_j4wlg4q7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'chalk'?","A. A sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragnoite. B. Limestone which is soft, white, and porous. C. Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. D. Limestone which is deposited from the water of mineral springs or streams saturated with calcium carbonate.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,chalk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002054 1_1_l1gnp37i,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/23:0)'?","A. A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/23:0). B. A sialotriaosylceramide in which the triaosyl group is 3,5-dideoxy-5-(2-hydroxyacetamido)-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranonosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide. A tumour antigen found in solid tumors such as breast carcinoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and melanoma, but not usually detected in normal human cells. C. A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of the hexasaccharide beta-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-Gal-(1->4)-beta-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide. D. A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is hexadecanoyl. A synthetic modification of the natural ganglioside GM2.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/23:0),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84988 1_1_x9co39i7,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste'?","A. The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. B. The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. C. The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. D. The series of events required for a umami taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001583 1_1_dynwrkpo,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Biomass drone method - Estimation'?","A. Non destructive determination of plant biomass by analysis of images captured with a drone. B. Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Rhizoctonia and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. C. Visual estimation of plant biomass. D. Observe the aluminium tolerance and rate it.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Biomass drone method - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_345:0000069 1_1_kuqtzlc0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amide'?","A. A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. C. Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part. D. An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,amide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32988 1_1_z6fgpsq1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root sucrose content'?","A. Abscisic acid content in the grain. B. Osmotic adjustment as ability of the plant to adjust the osmotic potential under stress conditions. C. Chlorophyll content in the young leaf. D. Sucrose content in the root.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root sucrose content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0001118 1_1_ds7en026,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fractured epiphysis'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of fifth metacarpal bone. B. A partial or complete breakage of the tibia. C. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis. D. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of third metacarpal bone.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fractured epiphysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041147 1_1_y9f16h1s,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'calcium channel activity'?","A. A ligand-gated ion channel activity which transports calcium in response to emptying of intracellular calcium stores. B. Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. C. Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a sodium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. D. Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion of a calcium ion through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,calcium channel activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005262 1_1_w5hcl3wz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'monosodium D-glutamate'?","A. An optically active form of monosodium glutamate having L-configuration. B. An optically active form of monosodium glutamate having D-configuration. C. An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid. D. A lysophosphatidylserine in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 18 carbons and 4 double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,monosodium D-glutamate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64244 1_1_5e4ugciu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sesamoid element'?","A. Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton. B. Ossicle that develops within bands of dense, regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments). Sesamoids are generally located proximate to a bony prominence, over which the dense regular connective tissue wraps, and/or a joint or articulation. C. Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition. D. Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sesamoid element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013631 1_1_d6qevpjn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'flowQ'?","A. We propose importation, normalization, visualization, and quality control functions to correct identified sources of variability in array-CGH experiments. B. Provides plotting capabilities for R graph objects C. Functions to Analyze Microarray (Gene Expression) Data. D. This package provides quality control and quality assessment tools for flow cytometry data.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,flowQ,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000540 1_1_r7f5xyah,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Regulation'?","A. The word decree is often used as a derogative term for any authoritarian decision B. A regulation bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legislative body. It cannot bear expressions which are not uttered by a legislative body. C. A legal code bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legislative body. It cannot bear expressions which are not uttered by a legislative body. D. Examples are European Union directive, a legislative act of the European Union and Directives, used by United States Government agencies (particularly the Department of Defense) to convey policies, responsibilities, and procedures.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Regulation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Regulation 1_1_9fy90rqj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardinal tissue part'?","A. Anatomical structure, each instance of which is a subdivision of some tissue demarcated by bonafide or fiat boundaries. Examples: stratum germinativum, lamina of cerebral cortex. B. Anatomical structure, which consists of a specific set of the members of (predominantly) one organ or organ part subclass interconnected by zones of continuity or body substances; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ system by one or more zones of continuity or anatomical lines; together with other subdivisions of the same organ system, it constitutes an organ system. Examples: rib cage, viscerocranium, integument, upper respiratory tract. C. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its boundary the external surface of some maximally connected plasma membrane. Examples: lymphocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, neuron. D. Cardinal tissue part of epithelium consisting of a sheet of a homogeneous population of secretory cells.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardinal tissue part,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67536 1_1_xfizni8i,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'RefPlus'?","A. The package contains functions for pre-processing Affymetrix data using the RMA+ and the RMA++ methods. B. Estimation and Testing for Differential Expression in Multiple Digital Gene Expression Libraries. C. GlobalAncova approach: After appropriate normalisation, gene-expression-data appear rather symmetrical and outliers are no real problem, so least squares should be rather robust. ANCOVA with interaction yields saturated data modelling e.g. different means per group and gene. Covariate adjustment can help to correct for possible selection bias. Variance homogeneity and uncorrelated residuals cannot be expected. Application of ordinary least squares gives unbiased, but no longer optimal estimates (Gauss-Markov-Aitken). Therefore, using the classical F-test is inappropriate, due to correlation. The test statistic however mirrors deviations from the null hypothesis. In combination with a permutation approach, empirical significance levels can be approximated. Alternatively, an approximation yields asymptotic p-values. D. Basic class definitions and generics for external pointer based vector objects for R. A simple in-memory implementation is also provided",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,RefPlus,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000356 1_1_f9ul0fvu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pleura'?","A. The invaginated serous membrane that surrounds the lungs (the visceral portion) and lines the walls of the pleural cavity (parietal portion). B. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. C. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid. D. multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pleura,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000977 1_1_izas0ptp,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'infant penile circumcision'?","A. Circumcision of the penis during childhood. B. Circumcision of the penis during infanthood. C. Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin, the skin that covers the tip of the penis. D. Circumcision of an infant, typically an individual under one year of age.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,infant penile circumcision,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009491 1_1_xe7iz3jj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant height'?","A. The plant vigor. B. Moisture content of grain. C. Dry biomass of all leaves that have a green area < 50%. D. Height of plant from ground to top of flag leaf ligule.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant height,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000021 1_1_da5umqgm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease recessive intermediate B'?","A. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease intermediate type that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the INF2 gene on chromosome 14q32. B. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease intermediate type that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PLEKHG5 gene on chromosome 1p36. C. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease intermediate type that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the KARS gene on chromosome 16q23. D. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease intermediate type that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the YARS gene on chromosome 1p35.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease recessive intermediate B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110204 1_1_d74joj0k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Papillary muscle of right ventricle'?","A. Anatomical set which has as its direct members dell parts of same type or of different types. B. Papillary muscle which consists of the anteiror, posterior and septal papillary muscles of right ventricle and is continuous with the chorda tendinea of the right ventricle. C. Region of myocardium which is continuous with the chorda tendinea and the wall of heart. D. Papillary muscle which consists of the lateral and posterior papillary muscles of left ventricle and is continuous with the chorda tendinea of the left ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Papillary muscle of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7259 1_1_vzuu9fc0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tarsal bone'?","A. A tarsal bone that connected_to a hindlimb zeugopod skeleton. B. A bone that is part of the tarsal skeleton. Examples: calcaneus, talus, centralia. C. A bone that is part of the carpal skeleton. Examples: scaphoid, lunate, capitate[cjm]. D. A proximal mesopodial endochondral element that is composed primarily of a bone tissue.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tarsal bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001447 1_1_2l33r9wg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae'?","A. H. influenzae most often cause pneumonia, but can also cause severe illnesses like meningitis and bloodstream infections B. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. C. Pneumococcal disease is caused by common bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) that can attack different parts of the body. When these bacteria invade the lungs, they can cause pneumonia; when they invade the bloodstream, they can cause sepsis; and when they invade the covering of the brain, they can cause meningitis. D. Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000179 1_1_ahvnao53,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking a short utterance'?","A. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions. B. Speaking behaviour in which a short utterance is produced. C. Remaining silent, not producing spoken utterances. D. Speaking with an altered rhythm or melody of speech relative to the norm for that person.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking a short utterance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000158 1_1_mk9xljbd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'coil winder, taper, or finisher'?","A. Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. B. Wind wire coils used in electrical components, such as resistors and transformers, and in electrical equipment and instruments, such as field cores, bobbins, armature cores, electrical motors, generators, and control equipment. C. Operate power pumps and auxiliary equipment to produce flow of oil or gas from wells in oil field. D. Engrave or etch metal, wood, rubber, or other materials. Includes such workers as etcher-circuit processors, pantograph engravers, and silk screen etchers.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"coil winder, taper, or finisher",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51202100 1_1_74u3xh7c,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'dualKS''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'dualKS',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000522 1_1_ikqmgrwp,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiolipin 78:13(2-)'?","A. A cardiolipin(2-) derivative in which the four phosphatidyl acyl groups contain a total of 76 carbons and 10 double bonds. B. A cardiolipin(2-) derivative in which the four phosphatidyl acyl groups contain a total of 74 carbons and 9 double bonds. C. A cardiolipin(2-) derivative in which the four phosphatidyl acyl groups contain a total of 66 carbons and 4 double bonds. D. A cardiolipin(2-) derivative in which the four phosphatidyl acyl groups contain a total of 78 carbons and 13 double bonds.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cardiolipin 78:13(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72924 1_1_jwjfsxby,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'organ part'?","A. A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. B. Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. C. A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. D. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,organ part,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000064 1_1_ufrjagrn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'voice virilization'?","A. Development of male sex characteristics based on drug presence in an organism's system. B. Any of various processes which act to masculinize or virilize the voice. C. The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation. D. The state of a male whose body, especially the genitalia, shows evidence of below-normal prenatal (less commonly pubertal) androgen effects.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,voice virilization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003241 1_1_o8svm9ao,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'staying still'?","A. A bodily movement behaviour which involves remaining still. B. A bodily movement behaviour which involves abrupt movements. C. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, away from people (avoidance). D. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, towards people (approach).",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,staying still,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000138 1_1_nxy6oizt,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 11'?","A. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posterior head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferoseptal and the mid inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musle tissue, anterolateral head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferolateral and the mid anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, anterior head of posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anteroseptal and the mid anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferior and the mid anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 11,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86063 1_1_3fx8mhw4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042478 1_1_u78yhr4c,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'IE.00 inflorescence tip just visible above flag leaf sheath stage'?","A. The stage at which 1/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath. B. An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence emerges from sheathing leaves or bracts. C. The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath. D. The stage at which the inflorescence has fully emerged from the flag leaf sheath.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,IE.00 inflorescence tip just visible above flag leaf sheath stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007025 1_1_cfgr81x3,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pod filling period'?","A. Time elapsed between sowing to flowering B. Number of days from sowing to formation of first pod C. A quantitative trait indicating the time required for pod filling D. A quantitative trait describing the physiological maturity of plant",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Pod filling period,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000129 1_1_8fsrpasf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'eutrophic pond'?","A. A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. B. A pond which has nutrient-rich water. C. A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. D. A pond which has been constructed by humans or their technologies.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,eutrophic pond,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600037 1_1_u3t5t2pd,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'degenerate megaspore'?","A. A megaspore(s) that forms an embryo sac. B. In monosporic and bisporic megasporogenesis: the megaspore(s) that would not participate in megagametogenesis. C. Pulvinus of the petiole. D. The larger, in general, of the two kinds of spores produced after meiosis in the life cycle of a heterosporous plant, and on germination giving rise to the female gametophyte (embryo sac).",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,degenerate megaspore,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000245 1_1_0829urdu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis'?","A. A vascular disease that is characterized by blood vessel obstruction resulting from the release of cholesterol from the inside of blood vessels along the bloodstream. B. A biliary tract benign neoplasm characterized by multiple papillary tumors in the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary tree. C. A biliary papillomatosis located_in an intrahepatic bile duct. D. A biliary papillomatosis located_in an extrahepatic bile duct.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7752 1_1_8tnpv99h,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'ophthalmic artery'?","A. The ophthalmic artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery which supplies branches to supply the eye and other structures in the orbit. It enters the orbit together with the Optic nerve through the Optic foramen/canal. [WP,modified]. B. An artery that supplies the liver. C. An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. D. An artery that supplies an ovary.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,ophthalmic artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001619 1_1_gqm5llws,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy'?","A. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation on chromosome 7p22.3-p21.3. B. A hypotrichosis that is characterized by sparse to absent lanugo-like scalp hair, sparse and brittle eyebrows, and sparse eyelashes and body hair and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the LSS gene on chromosome 21q22. C. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in a autosomal recessive mutation of the CDH3 gene on chromosome 16q22.1. D. A hypotrichosis has_material_basis_in a autosomal recessive mutation of the LPAR6 gene on chromosome 13q14.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110711 1_1_dowvnebl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance'?","A. A Joubert syndrome that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the TMEM231 gene on chromosome 16q23. B. A blood protein disease that is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and intermittent vaso-occlusive events that result in tissue ischemia leading to acute and chronic pain as well as organ damage that can affect any organ system, resulting from the replacement of one of the beta-globin subunits in hemoglobin with atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S which can distort red blood cells into a sickle or crescent shape. Sickle cell disease subtypes should include a detailed genotypic description for the hemoglobin molecules (e.g., Hb S/S, Hb S/C, Hb S/β0-thalassemia). C. A blood protein disease that is characterized by the presence of an abnormal protein called monoclonal protein in the blood. D. A blood protein disease that is characterized by polyneuropathy, oranomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes, especially hyperpigmentation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7442 1_1_efp83j66,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluency of ideas'?","A. The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects. B. The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. C. The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). D. The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,fluency of ideas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000073 1_1_siqcowkb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dopamine secretion'?","A. The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells. B. The regulated release of dopamine by a cell. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone. C. The regulated release of dopamine from an axon. D. The directed movement of dopamine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dopamine secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0014046 1_1_4dva8cqf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'age related macular degeneration 4'?","A. An age related macular degeneration onferred by heterozygous mutation in the ERCC6 gene on chromosome 10q11. B. An age related macular degeneration conferred by variation in the CST3 gene on chromosome 20p11. C. An age related macular degeneration conferred by variation in the CFH gene on chromosome 1q31. D. An age related macular degeneration conferred by variation in the ABCA4 gene on chromosome 1p22.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,age related macular degeneration 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110017 1_1_ybq73f4r,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'rachilla of sessile spikelet of ear'?","A. The axis of the ear spikelet, above the glumes. B. The axis of the ear pedicellate spikelet, above the glumes. C. An adult ensiform leaf with a lamina that develops in a median plane, rather a transverse plane, throughout the length of the leaf and is a result of increased activity of the adaxial meristem early in development. D. The axis of the ear sessile spikelet, above the glumes.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,rachilla of sessile spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006436 1_1_wydm87ab,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sill'?","A. Dikes, long, planar (sheet) igneous intrusions, enter along cracks, and therefore often form in large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. [Wikipedia] B. #Aseismic C. [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A lopolith is a large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Lopoliths are generally concordant with the intruded strata with dike or funnel-shaped feeder bodies below the body. Lopoliths typically consist of large ultramafic to mafic layered intrusions that range in age from Archean to Eocene. [Wikipedia] D. [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A sill is a tabular pluton that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or even along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. The term sill is synonymous with concordant intrusive sheet. This means that the sill does not cut across preexisting rocks, in contrast to dikes, which do cut across older rocks. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sill,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/Sill 1_1_ivik0mm6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cortical thymic epithelial cell'?","A. An epithelial cell with a well defined Golgi apparatus that makes up the continuous layer of cells bordering the thymic tissue beneath the capsule. B. An epithelial cell of the medullary thymus. This cell type expresses a diverse range of tissue-specific antigens. This promiscuous gene expression is a cell-autonomous property of medullary epithelial cells and is maintained during the entire period of thymic T cell output. C. An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells. D. An epithelial cell of the thymus. Epithelial reticular cells are pleomorphic, stellate, non-phagocytic cells which seem to be supportive in function and are held together by desmosomes. They replace the fibroblastoid reticular cells found in other lymphoid organs. Other epithelial cells in the medulla have the ultrastructure of secretory cells. Although different epithelial cells throughout the thymus appear alike by light microscopy their ultrastructure and function varies.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cortical thymic epithelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002364 1_1_85oqzyzi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary ciliary dyskinesia 12'?","A. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by reduced exercise tolerance, chronic wet cough, recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, and nasal symptoms, and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the RSPH9 gene on chromosome 6p21. B. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance with chronic respiratory infections, chronic sinusitis, recurrent bronchitis, and pneumonia beginning in infancy or early childhood and has_material_basis_in mutation in the DNAH11 gene on chromosome 7p21. C. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance with outer and inner dynein arm defect, recurrent upper and lower airway disease, bronchiectasis, and decreased fertility and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SPAG1 gene on chromosome 8q22. D. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance with outer dynein arm defect, recurrent upper and lower airway disease, bronchiectasis, nasal blockages, polyps, otitis media, and variable occurence of laterality defects and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CCDC151 gene on chromosome 19p13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,primary ciliary dyskinesia 12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110601 1_1_2fglu6a5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'clitoral photoplethysmography'?","A. A measurement of bloodflow to the penis which involves a device which emits and detects that is mounted on the patient's penis. B. A technique using light to measure the amount of blood in the walls of the vagina. C. Measurement of clitoral blood volume (CBV) using a direct current signal. D. Plethysmographic determination in which the intensity of light reflected from the skin surface and the red cells below is measured to determine the blood volume of the respective area. There are two types, transmission and reflectance.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,clitoral photoplethysmography,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005571 1_1_sp2xsudw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anus leiomyoma'?","A. A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that derives_from smooth muscle cells and that is located_in the appendix. B. A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that derives_from smooth muscle cells and that is located_in the anus. C. A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that is a located_in the salivary glands. D. A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that derives_from smooth muscle cells and that is located_in the extrahepatic bile duct.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,anus leiomyoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5134 1_1_pa2kz962,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'forebrain generation of neurons'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase. C. The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. D. The process in which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,forebrain generation of neurons,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021872 1_1_qutt3s2g,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'remission'?","A. A disease stage which is characterized by the lack of a manifestation of a disease B. A remission which is characterized by a prolonged lack of some manifestations of a disease C. A disease stage that marks the beginning of a disease D. A disease stage characterized by the lack of symptoms associated with a given disease",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,remission,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000106 1_1_pgx983lv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'd'?","A. The A climate classification, also known as the Tropical climate classification, is characterized as being consistently warm with all months averaging above 18 degrees C and having annual precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration (POTET). B. Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. C. The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C. D. (Also called maritime climate, oceanic climate.) A regional climate under the predominant influence of the sea, characterized by relatively small seasonal variations and high atmospheric moisture content; the antithesis of a continental climate.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,d,http://sweetontology.net/realmClimateZone/D 1_1_09c3uxc9,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'genderswap'?","A. The ""bending"" (or changing) of expected gender roles, either in fiction or in real life. B. Any of various behaviors which contradict gender norms or as seen as ""wrong"" ways to do gender, in a given context. C. A trope in fanfiction (and especially in fanart) which involves characters ""swapping"" gender, typically male-to-female or female-to-male. The idea that every fictional character has a genderswapped counterpart is referred to as Rule 63. D. A subset of sexual practices in which either real or imagined gender background of a participant or participants is used to justify power imbalance, including, but not limited to, the usage of slurs, gendered narratives, and objects imbued with gendered meaning.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,genderswap,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007395 1_1_4s3i6h1x,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sodium ion transport'?","A. The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) D. A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sodium ion transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006814 1_1_739xzl1u,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autophagy'?","A. The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. B. The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane. C. The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. D. The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,autophagy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006914 1_1_iqwl941e,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscularis mucosae of duodenum'?","A. A muscularis mucosa that is part of a small intestine. B. A muscularis mucosa that is part of a duodenum. C. A thin layer of smooth muscle within the bladder lamina propria. D. A muscularis mucosa that is part of a jejunum.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,muscularis mucosae of duodenum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012494 1_1_v5lgk01b,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'alveolar foramen'?","A. An anatomical space that is part of a bone of lower jaw. B. Undifferentiated mesodermal component of early trunk or tail segment 19 or metamere, derived from paraxial mesoderm; forms the myotome, sclerotome and perhaps dermatome. Kimmel et al, 1995. C. The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval central nervous system. D. Foramen for the R. alveolaris of Nerve VII and the alveolar artery.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,alveolar foramen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000006 1_1_gmy28h2i,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance'?","A. The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death. B. The appearance of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. C. The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane that occurs as a part of apoptotic cell clearance. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere. D. The initial attachment of a phagosome membrane to a lysosome membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phagosome-lysosome docking involved in apoptotic cell clearance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090388 1_1_kvoyna21,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'chaetopyranin'?","A. A chromenol that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6, a 3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl at position 2, a formyl group at position 5 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Chaetomium globosum, it exhibits radical scavenging and cytotoxic activity towards several tumour cell lines. B. A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is a lignan obtained by cyclodimerisation of ferulic acid. C. The 2-methyl-3-oxo derivative of propanoic acid. D. A triterpenoid saponin that is the pentasaccharide derivative of quillaic acid. Isolated from the roots of Gypsophila oldhamiana, it exhibits immunomodulatory activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,chaetopyranin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68788 1_1_nh8faao2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharmacist'?","A. Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications. B. Diagnose and treat visual system disorders such as binocular vision and eye movement impairments. C. Determine and formulate policies and provide overall direction of companies or private and public sector organizations within guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of subordinate executives and staff managers. D. Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,pharmacist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29105100 1_1_zfwzw5zs,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'High temperature susceptibility - Estimation'?","A. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under high temperature conditions and rate its susceptibility. B. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under waterlogging conditions and rate its susceptibility. C. Observe the waxiness of spikes and rate it. D. Observe the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity, record a double digit (00-99) value. The first digit (D1) indicates disease progress in the canopy relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure and the second digit (D2) refers to measured severity based on diseased leaf area as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score, D2 scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,High temperature susceptibility - Estimation,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000419 1_1_kmg7z7mk,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Modification_of_Scope'?","A. Restricts the scope of normative content to some particular jurisdiction B. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 C. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 D. A modification that changes the meaning of some provision without changing its literal text",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Modification_of_Scope,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Modification_of_Scope 1_1_feo1h2b2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Paranasal sinus neoplasm'?","A. An abnormality of an ethmoid sinus. B. Absence or underdevelopment of a cranial sinus or sinuses. C. An abnormality of the sphenoid sinus, one of the mucosa-lined, normally air-filled paranasal sinuses of the bones of the skull. The sphenoid sinus is located within the sphenoid bone. D. A tumor that originates in the paranasal sinus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Paranasal sinus neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030072 1_1_05j5urwg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'food cooking machine operator or tender'?","A. Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines. B. Maintain highways, municipal and rural roads, airport runways, and rights-of-way. Duties include patching broken or eroded pavement and repairing guard rails, highway markers, and snow fences. May also mow or clear brush from along road, or plow snow from roadway. C. Operate or tend cooking equipment, such as steam cooking vats, deep fry cookers, pressure cookers, kettles, and boilers, to prepare food products. D. Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,food cooking machine operator or tender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51309300 1_1_5zpnv04h,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Predominant head shape class'?","A. Observe bird damage and rate it. B. Predominant head shape C. Observe susceptibility to aphid and rate it. D. Observe head angle with respect to the horizontal at maturity and rate it. where 0 degree head is looking upward.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Predominant head shape class,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000575 1_1_7xvn56eh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf vein angle'?","A. Number of branches B. Secondary achene colour C. Angle of leaf veins emerging from central vein D. Stem pubescence",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf vein angle,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000676 1_1_hojbt1zr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'volcanic eruption'?","A. Moderate to violent ejection of solid or very viscous hot fragments of new lava in short-lived, cannon-like bursts. Ash and fine ash are emitted with gases and ascend to form a cauliflower-like eruption cloud. B. Eruption Type 1 - produce juvenile clasts during explosive decompression from gas release. [Wikipedia] C. An eruption from the side of a volcano (in contrast to a summit eruption.) D. Phreatic eruption is an explosion that follows the transformation of groundwater into steam. No incandescent or juvenile material is erupted.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,volcanic eruption,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolVolcano/VolcanicEruption 1_1_f6472229,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'root nodule'?","A. A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. B. Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker ""indeterminate"" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. C. A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes (""light producing"" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. D. Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,root nodule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000164 1_1_6rbszv4i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'music video'?","A. An electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media. B. A video program produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable digital video players. C. Video priarily offered over the internet. D. A short film that integrates a song with imagery, and is produced for promotional or artistic purposes.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,music video,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000628 1_1_2xwzogf4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'influenza due to certain identified influenza viruses'?","A. A contagious respiratory illness that can cause mild to severe illness (fever, chills, aches) B. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. C. Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. D. Bronchopneumonia, bronchial pneumonia or bronchogenic pneumonia (not to be confused with lobar pneumonia) is the acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,influenza due to certain identified influenza viruses,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000500 1_1_g4zcmdnw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right upper urinary tract'?","A. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters. B. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the left kidney and the left ureter. C. Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the right kidney and right ureter. D. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the free wall of right ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right upper urinary tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71102 1_1_vyls8gvj,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'manifestation of a disease'?","A. A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. B. A quality of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. C. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) D. A quality in which complete clearance of the disorder is attained; however, physiological 'memory' may persist",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,manifestation of a disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000022 1_1_odloi2jb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Equinus calcaneus'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the calcaneus. B. Underdevelopment of the heel bone. C. A two-part calcaneus, a finding that probably results from delayed coalescence of two primary calcaneal centers of ossification. D. Abnormal plantar flexion of the calcaneus relative to the longitudinal axis of the tibia. This results in the angle between the long axis of the tibia and the long axis of the heel bone (calcaneus) being greater than 90 degrees.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Equinus calcaneus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008138 1_1_zlf2ocpc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'swim bladder development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,swim bladder development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048794 1_1_uacsof0j,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrophobicity'?","A. An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. B. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking affinity for water; tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve in or mix with or be wetted by water. C. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to being water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water. D. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,hydrophobicity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001884 1_1_ypoyb1p9,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Caption'?","A. A caption containing narration in a comics sequence. B. A comics story. C. A word balloon in a comics sequence containing dialogue, thought, or sound. D. A sequence of juxtaposed panels, text, and other pictorial elements.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Caption,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Caption 1_1_938qps51,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'foehn cloud'?","A. A long strip of cloud that sometimes lies against the southern base of Mount Etna in Sicily. It is said to herald rain. B. Stratus cloud; a continuous cloud sheet capped by an inversion. C. A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature. D. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,foehn cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/FoehnCloud 1_1_o5mar9om,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'product individual-level harm potential'?","A. Product harm potential from an individual using the product. B. A product disposition that is realised as harm processes resulting from its use. C. Product harm potential from a population using a product. D. A psychoactive substance disposition that is its propensity to lead people who use the substance to develop a harmful pattern of consumption.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,product individual-level harm potential,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001119 1_1_n4mkti9p,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'long-chain fatty acid'?","A. Any fatty acid in which the parent hydrocarbon chain has one or more alkyl substituents; a common component in animal and bacterial lipids. The fatty acyl chain is usually saturated and the substituent a methyl group; however, unsaturated BCFAs are found in marine animals, and branches other than methyl are found in microbial lipids. B. A branched, long-chain saturated fatty acid composed of pentadecanoic acid having methyl substituents at the 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-positions. C. A fatty acid with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22. D. Any fatty acid containing anywhere in its structure a ring of atoms.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,long-chain fatty acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15904 1_1_b6d2x8h6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'volcanic neck'?","A. A massive pillar of rock more resistant to erosion than the lavas and pyroclastic rocks of a volcanic cone. B. A low, steep-sided cone of spatter built up on a fissure or vent. It is usually of basaltic material. C. A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] D. A wide, low-rimmed, well-bedded accumulation of hyalo-clastic debris built around a volcanic vent located in a lake, coastal zone, marsh, or area of abundant ground water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,volcanic neck,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/VolcanicNeck 1_1_rteyv75x,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fragmented DNA'?","A. A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers. B. A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. C. The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. D. A cell phenotype in which DNA is broken into small fragments.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fragmented DNA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FYPO_0000160 1_1_el3ukj7e,"In the ontology of Pizza, which of the following definitions best describes 'LiquidSolidIceCream'?","A. Pizzas that have been closed to limit what toppings they can have B. We have not asserted that all pizzas must have at least 1 topping C. All IceCreams must have at least 1 topping. Any individual that has a topping must be a Pizza. Therefore all IceCreams must be Pizzas. Icecream is inferred to be a subclass of Pizza. D. A class that uses a functional property (hasMaterialState) twice. This is not inconsistent unless MaterialStates have been declared disjoint",D,1_1,food_agriculture/pizza_ontology,LiquidSolidIceCream,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/pizza#LiquidSolidIceCream 1_1_wjmlyyjv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acrocephalosyndactylia'?","A. An acrocephalosyndactylia characterized by abnormalities in the bones of the legs, congenital heart defects and craniofacial defects and craniosynostosis. The patients suffer from cyanosis and other respiratory and breathing infections. B. A synostosis that results_in craniosynostosis and syndactyly. C. A synostosis characterized by coronal craniosynostosis, short stature, and aplasia or hypoplasia of the radial bone. D. An acrocephalosyndactylia that has_material_basis_in mutations in the FGFR1 and FGFR2 gene which results_in premature fusion located_in skull.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acrocephalosyndactylia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12960 1_1_jbxxjcyd,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant sex'?","A. Predominat plant or flower sex B. Fruit index is an estimation of pollinated flowers developing physiologically mature fruits C. Number of medium size tubers that weighing ? 0.5kg and <1 kg in a net plot or unit area D. Number of stems (vines) with leaves and branches per plant",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant sex,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000093 1_1_pwhmnwf6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as not familiar'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is not familiar. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how familiar an object or event is. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is familiar. D. The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as not familiar,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000065 1_1_yb0povhy,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bridged compound'?","A. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. B. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking. C. A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. D. A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are not adjacent to each other.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bridged compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35990 1_1_r4etq7pg,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Internode Cell Wall Residues content of dry matter'?","A. Internode Cell Wall Residues (CWR) content of dry matter. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. B. Red-colored area in the internode inner zone (Z2), obtained after fasga staining of the internode. Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. C. Main shoot Whole Above-ground Biomass (WAB) dry matter content D. Main shoot stem density",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Internode Cell Wall Residues content of dry matter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000899 1_1_2w54hq7d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'intestinal submucosa'?","A. A submucosa that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. B. A submucosa that is part of a intestine. C. A submucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. D. Submucosal tissue in the small intestines.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,intestinal submucosa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009566 1_1_49i6osod,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'dendrite development by retrograde extension'?","A. The progression of a dendrite over time by the attachment of a part of the neuron to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point. B. The regrowth of dendrites in response to their loss or damage. C. The progression of a neuronal projection over time by the attachment of a part of the cell to an anchor and the subsequent migration of the cell body away from the anchor point. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a basal dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,dendrite development by retrograde extension,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003390 1_1_njt4o9ui,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Early-stage Alzheimer's Disease (mild)'?","A. A disease at late stage where dementia symptoms are severe. Individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement. They may still say words or phrases, but communicating pain becomes difficult. As memory and cognitive skills continue to worsen, significant personality changes may take place and individuals need extensive care. B. a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease C. A stage where symptoms have a gradual onset over months to years but with harmful effects, not sudden within hours or days. D. A disease stage at which a person may function independently. He or she may still drive, work and be a part of social activities. Despite this, the person may feel as if he or she is having memory lapses, such as forgetting familiar words or the location of everyday objects.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Early-stage Alzheimer's Disease (mild),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000025 1_1_13w007mw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'femur'?","A. A bone that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. B. A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. A phalanx that is part of a hindlimb autopod[Automatically generated definition]. D. Endochondral longbone connecting the pelvic girdle with posterior zeugopodium skeleton.[VSAO, modified].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,femur,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000981 1_1_b5y7gtcl,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital disorder'?","A. A structurally anomalous part of an organism acquired during fetal development and present at birth (but not necessarily hereditary) which is hypothesized to be harmful for the organism. B. An aggregate of organisms of the same type. C. A congenital disorder arising as a result of an infectious process D. A congenital disorder arising as a result of a drug exposure causing an anatomical abnormality",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,congenital disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000089 1_1_xmnk8tu8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete flowClust'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete flowClust,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000537 1_1_pabwia9k,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anesthesiologist assistant'?","A. Assist anesthesiologists in the administration of anesthesia for surgical and non-surgical procedures. Monitor patient status and provide patient care during surgical treatment. B. Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods to develop and interpret information that assists management with decisionmaking, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May collect and analyze data and develop decision support software, services, or products. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation. C. Diagnose and implement individual or schoolwide interventions or strategies to address educational, behavioral, or developmental issues that adversely impact educational functioning in a school. May address student learning and behavioral problems and counsel students or families. May design and implement performance plans, and evaluate performance. May consult with other school-based personnel. D. Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,anesthesiologist assistant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29107101 1_1_63c8a22s,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'rHVDM'?","A. Binning and plotting functions for hexagonal bins. Now uses and relies on grid graphics and formal (S4) classes and methods. B. The package contains functions to perform the PDNN method described by Li Zhang et al. C. Hidden Variable Dynamic Modeling D. Graphical user interface for the OLIN package",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,rHVDM,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000677 1_1_4l7ofm86,"In the ontology of Chemical Information, which of the following definitions best describes 'melting point descriptor'?","A. The boiling point descriptor indicates the temperature at which a chemical substance undergoes a state transition from liquid to gas, at standard conditions. B. Melting point descriptor specifies the temperature at which a chemical substance undergoes the transition from solid to liquid state under standard conditions. C. An information entity which is about a polyatomic molecular entity. D. Chemical substance constitutes matter of constant composition, that may contain a collection of molecular entities. [IUPAC: http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01039.html]",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_information_ontology,melting point descriptor,http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000256 1_1_73io5idr,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Respiratory disorders in diseases classified elsewhere'?","A. When a person has acute respiratory failure, the usual exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs does not occur. B. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. C. disorders affecting the lungs, ie asthma, COPD, influenza, etc. D. The aftereffect of respiratory disease and tuberculosis",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Respiratory disorders in diseases classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000201 1_1_m6oim4do,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'T-helper 1 cell activation'?","A. The expansion of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell population by cell division. B. The change in morphology and behavior of a T-helper 1 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. C. The change in morphology and behavior of a T helper 2 cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,T-helper 1 cell activation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035711 1_1_o671xfst,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vasculature'?","A. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some secondary palate that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. B. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some soft palate that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. C. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some internal nose that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. D. Organ region cluster which consists of regions of arterial, venous and lymphatic trees and the capillary beds that connect them. Examples: Vasculature of head, vasculature of brain.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vasculature,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma69050 1_1_dykz2yzf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper appendicular skeletal system'?","A. Appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of pectoral girdle and some instance of upper free limb. B. Subdivision of the skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some skeletal system of upper or lower limb. C. Appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of pelvic girdle and some instance of lower free limb. D. Upper appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of right pectoral girdle and some instance of right upper free limb.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Upper appendicular skeletal system,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25560 1_1_dyv86sq5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Microform bilateral cleft lip'?","A. Bilateral cleft lip in which the cleft lip on both sides are incomplete (i.e. start from the bottom of the upper lip but do not reach the nasal cavity), or the cleft lip on one is incomplete and a microform on the other side. B. Bilateral cleft lip in which the cleft lip on both sides are microform, i.e. a notch, groove, or scar without noticeable rupture of the lip. C. A non-midline cleft of the upper lip on the left and right sides. D. Bilateral cleft lip in which the cleft lip on one side is complete (i.e. starts from the bottom of the upper lip and reaches the nasal cavity), and the one on the other side is incomplete (i.e. starts from the bottom of the upper lip but does not reach the nasal cavity) or microform (i.e. a notch, groove, or scar without noticeable rupture of the lip).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Microform bilateral cleft lip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5201013 1_1_o12gmi9n,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethanol biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic primary alcohol. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine). D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kojic acid.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ethanol biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006115 1_1_u260gqyu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal hallux morphology'?","A. Displacement of the big toe from its normal position. B. This term applies for all abnormalities of the big toe, also called hallux. C. Abnormal positioning of toe phalanges. Deformities of the lesser toes often occur gradually, though they can be brought on by trauma. The main adult sagittal plane deformities consist of claw toes, hammer toes and mallet toes. Axial plane deformities include crossover toes. D. An anomaly of a toe.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal hallux morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001844 1_1_resca7n0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2P'?","A. A limb-girdle muscular dystrophy has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance. B. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding the proteolytic enzyme calpain-3 (CAPN3) on chromosome 15q15. C. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the gene encoding alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) on chromosome 3p21. D. An autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the gamma-sarcoglycan gene (SGCG) on chromosome 13q12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2P,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110293 1_1_kivw6ueh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'appendicular skeleton'?","A. Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. B. A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. C. The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. D. Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified].",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,appendicular skeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002091 1_1_8m559qty,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evaluation'?","A. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process B. the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study C. Systematic, objective appraisal of the significance, effectiveness, and impact of activities or condition according to specified objectives and criteria. D. a clinical trial is a medical interventional study where participants are assigned prospectively to an intervention or interventions according to a protocol to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the intervention(s) on biomedical or other health related outcomes. The Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiologic procedures, devices, behavioral treatments, process-of-care changes, preventive care, etc.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Evaluation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25214 1_1_ovhqb0g2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organelle'?","A. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. B. The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). C. A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. D. An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of an asymmetric, neuron-neuron synapse. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organelle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043226 1_1_84tje3gh,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Neurocranium'?","A. Subdivision of skull which has as its direct parts calvarium and basicranium. B. Subdivision of skull, each instance of which forms superior arch-like region of some neurocranium. C. Subdivision of skull in the face. D. Organ region cluster of regional parts of two or more bone organs. Examples: wall of anterior cranial fossa, pan-maxillary alveolar arch.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Neurocranium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma53672 1_1_853denwh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tea beverage (liquid)'?","A. A beverage prepared from the cured leaves of Camellia sinensis by combination with hot or boiling water. B. A beverage product derived from leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). C. Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. D. A very strong smelling, soft cow's milk cheese made by fermentation involving the bacterium Brevibacterium linens.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tea beverage (liquid),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001245 1_1_srqjhmiq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyrrolidines'?","A. Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. B. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. C. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects. D. A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pyrrolidines,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38260 1_1_1qu8bv1g,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate'?","A. A member of the class of acetophenones that is 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone in which the hydroxy group at position 4' is replaced by a methoxy group. B. The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. C. A benzoate ester that is tert-butyl benzoate that carries a methoxy group at position 3 and a hydroxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. D. The aglycone of protaphin, a yellow hydroxylated quinoid pigment found in aphids.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_142523 1_1_h4iwg1ra,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'corticomedullary thymic epithelial cell'?","A. An epithelial cell of the cortical portion of the thymus. Epithelial cells in this region are required for positive selection of CD8-positive T cells. B. A large epithelial cell found in the thymus. This cell type may internalize thymocytes through extensions of plasma membrane. The cell surface and cytoplasmic vacuoles of a thymic nurse cell express MHC Class I and MHC Class II antigens. The interaction of these antigens with a developing thymocyte determines whether the thymocyte undergoes positive or negative selection. C. An epithelial cell of the thymus. Epithelial reticular cells are pleomorphic, stellate, non-phagocytic cells which seem to be supportive in function and are held together by desmosomes. They replace the fibroblastoid reticular cells found in other lymphoid organs. Other epithelial cells in the medulla have the ultrastructure of secretory cells. Although different epithelial cells throughout the thymus appear alike by light microscopy their ultrastructure and function varies. D. A thymic epithelial cell located at the corticomedullary junction.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,corticomedullary thymic epithelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009070 1_1_8l5zpi4t,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pcot2'?","A. PCOT2 is a permutation-based method for investigating changes in the activity of multi-gene networks. It utilizes inter-gene correlation information to detect significant alterations in gene network activities. Currently it can be applied to two-sample comparisons. B. LMGene package for analysis of microarray data using a linear model and glog data transformation in the R statistical package C. This package deals with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. D. This package is designed to provide solutions for quality assessment and to detect differentially expressed genes for the Affymetrix GeneChips, including both 3' -arrays and gene 1.0-ST arrays.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pcot2,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000651 1_1_3ae1xqxx,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Trabecular bone'?","A. Tissue component of lamellar bone, each instance of which is dense and hard. B. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster which consists of oral cavity, pharynx, paranasal sinuses, sinonasal tract, larynx, pyriform sinus, pharynx, and upper esophagus. C. Tissue component of lamellar bone, each instance of which is made up of some thin intersecting lamellae, usually internal to some compact bone. D. Anatomical point of face at the junction of ala of nose and upper lip proper.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Trabecular bone,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24019 1_1_ib9mdc7a,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'vinyl polymer macromolecule'?","A. A macromolecule composed of repeating -CHR-CH2- units. B. A polymer composed of repeating chloroethyl units. C. A macromolecule composed of ethane or substituted ethane units. D. The period in the menstrual that follows ovulation, characterized by the development of corpus luteum, increase in progesterone production by the ovary and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the endometrium. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of menstruation.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,vinyl polymer macromolecule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53242 1_1_zbzd8jzz,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli'?","A. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Escherichia coli bacteria B. Pneumonia (infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs) caused by Pseudomonas bacteria C. Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae). This type of pneumonia is also called atypical pneumonia because the symptoms are different from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria. D. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive, lancet-shaped bacterium and a cause of community-acquired pneumonia.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pneumonia due to Escherichia coli,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000163 1_1_vqn499x1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin. B. Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + reduced ferredoxin. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized ferredoxin = 6-hydroxynicotinate + reduced ferredoxin. D. Catalysis of the reaction: (3Z)-phycocyanobilin + oxidized ferredoxin = biliverdin IXa + reduced ferredoxin.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050617 1_1_g16pqsqv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 11'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder characterized by neonatal or infantile onset of spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, progressive microcephaly, and severely impaired global development that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC1A4 gene on chromosome 2p14. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in linkage to a 19.5-Mb region on chromosome 12q between SNPs rs4760658 and rs1882033. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by global developmental delay, microcephaly, cataracts, and renal abnormalities and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation of the GEMIN4 gene on chromosome 17p13. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in a candidate locus on chromosome 19q, termed MRT11. Haplotype analysis delineated a 5.4-Mb candidate region between SNPs rs2109075 and rs8101149.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 11,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081186 1_1_jrewx736,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pulmonary artery'?","A. Arterial tree, each instance of which directs unoxygenated blood to some lung. B. Iliac spine, each instance of which is a blunt prominence projecting from the posteroinferior part of some ilium, at the the posterior end of some facies auricularis and the superior end of some greater sciatic notch. C. Arterial tree, each instance of which carries oxygenated blood from some heart. D. Region of wall of right ventricle which has as its parts the mural and septal limbs of supraventricular crest.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pulmonary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66326 1_1_czj4tlld,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'estuarine coastal pycnocline'?","A. A pycnocline which is part of an estuarine water body, spanning from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. B. A pycnocline which is part of a marine water body and composed primarily of ocean water. C. A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. D. A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,estuarine coastal pycnocline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001313 1_1_jqmee8lj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flat acetabular roof'?","A. Erosion (loss of substance) of the acetabular subchondral cortical bone. The acetabulum is the concave surface that meets with the head of the femur, forming the hip joint. B. An exaggeration of the normal arched form of the acetabular roof such that it takes on a steep appearance. C. The presence of osteophytes (bone spurs), i.e., of bony projections originating from the acetabulum. D. Flattening of the superior part of the acetabulum, which is a cup-shaped cavity at the base of the hipbone into which the ball-shaped head of the femur fits. The acetabular roof thereby appears horizontal rather than arched, as it normally does.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Flat acetabular roof,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003180 1_1_mf0qr759,"In the ontology of Pizza, which of the following definitions best describes 'OpenPizza'?","A. Pizzas that could be extended - they have the given toppings, but could also have other, unspecified toppings B. The MaterialStates should be disjoint, but this has been left out - see LiquidSolidIceCream C. Pizzas that have been closed to limit what toppings they can have D. A class that uses a functional property (hasMaterialState) twice. This is not inconsistent unless MaterialStates have been declared disjoint",A,1_1,food_agriculture/pizza_ontology,OpenPizza,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/pizza#OpenPizza 1_1_5ybs50bf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Renal calyx'?","A. Segment of ureter contained in pelvic cavity. B. Renal calyx, each instance of which directly receives urine from some renal papilla and opens into some major calyx. C. Segment of ureter, each instance of which is a cup-like segment of (or duct) of some urinary tract that extend(s) from some renal papillae to some renal pelvis D. Segment of ureter contained in abdominal cavity proper.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Renal calyx,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284558 1_1_wc21ibdx,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'transfusion'?","A. A therapeutic procedure in which a body part is transferred into a organism B. A role borne by some material entity which can be delivered/administrated into some organism and the role is realized during a clinical treatment process aiming to treat symptoms, signs or diagnosed disease. C. A transplantation in which the body part is a non-fluid tissue D. A transplantation in which the body part is a bodily fluid",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,transfusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000145 1_1_8tcrpar3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling nervous'?","A. A subjective affective feeling of being wide awake, alert, having active attention and perception. B. A subjective affective feeling that is positively valenced. C. A subjective affective feeling of a need for sleep. D. A subjective affective feeling of being not at ease or agitated.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling nervous,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000124 1_1_808sennv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling in control'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that one is in control of oneself, that one is fully the agent of one's behavior. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume water. C. A subjective affective feeling in an organism S, involving two integrated levels: (a) activation of the nociceptive system and associated emotion generating brain components of S, and (b) a simultaneous aversive sensory and emotional experience on the part of S, where (b) is phenomenologically similar to the sort of aversive experience involved in pain with concordant tissue damage. D. A subjective affective feeling of weakness, lack of energy and/or capability, faintness, absence of strength.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling in control,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000110 1_1_jt2c6t9t,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pop up thunderstorm'?","A. Generally, a thunderstorm based at a comparatively high altitude in the atmosphere, roughly 2400 m or higher. These storms form most strikingly over arid regions, and frequently their precipitation is evaporated before reaching the earth's surface. B. An airmass thunderstorm that forms rapidly in an otherwise rain-free environment. This most often occurs on warm, humid days, in unstable meteorological conditions. C. A squall or thunderstorm in the Mediterranean. D. In popular terminology, a thunderstorm of the air mass type that develops near the end of a hot, humid summer day; this term has no precise technical meaning.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pop up thunderstorm,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/PopUpThunderstorm 1_1_rcg5gi8m,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to drought'?","A. Observe the sepal shape and rate it B. Observe the number of lenticels and rate it C. Observe the reaction to drought and rate it D. Observe the immature leaf color and rate it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to drought,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000464 1_1_4i1kinj1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alopecia universalis'?","A. An alopecia characterized by irreversible hair loss during the neonatal period on all hear-bearing areas of the body followed by development of papular lesions all over the body that has_material_basis_in mutations in the HR gene on chromosome 8p21.3. B. An alopecia characterized by the complete loss of hair on the scalp and body. C. An alopecia that is characterized by M-shaped hair line recession and thinning of hair at the crown of the head in males. D. An alopecia characterized by anagen phase (actively growing) hair that is easily pulled from the scalp typically presenting in childhood in fair haired individuals and improving with age.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,alopecia universalis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050634 1_1_uggn3v88,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease'?","A. A disposition in an organism that constitutes an increased risk of the organism's subsequently developing the disease X. B. A disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. C. A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. D. A disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031 1_1_av7ekogs,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism'?","A. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044510 1_1_hjcokleg,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydroxy carboxylic acid'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. C. Any carboxylic acid with at least one hydroxy group. D. An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hydroxy carboxylic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24669 1_1_x06vzdbe,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'incus endochondral element'?","A. A malleus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. B. An incus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. C. An incus endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. D. One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,incus endochondral element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015017 1_1_5tklt5xo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'TAC3-positive striatal interneuron'?","A. A medium spiny neuron that expresses both DRD1 and DRD2 and is part of an extra-striosomal part of dorsal striatum. B. A type of interneuron in the retinal inner nuclear layer which carries information from the inner plexiform layer and the outer plexiform layer using GABA. C. A DRD2-expressing medium spiny neuron that is part of a nucleus accumbens shell or olfactory tubercle. D. A GABAergic interneuron that has its soma located in the striatum and that has an enriched expression of the genes TAC3 and LHX6.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,TAC3-positive striatal interneuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4042001 1_1_mh3pcd73,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urinary 2,8-dihydroxyadenine level'?","A. The amount of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. B. The amount of succinyladenosine in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. C. The amount of guanosine in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is outside the limits of normal. D. The amount of inosine in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is outside the limits of normal.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,"Elevated urinary 2,8-dihydroxyadenine level",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000803 1_1_i7of72ds,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-acetylneuraminlactose sulfate'?","A. An amino trisaccharide consisting of sialyl, beta-D-galactosyl and beta-D-glucose residues connected sequentially by (2->6) and (1->4) linkages. B. A trisaccharide consisting of rhamnose, 2-deoxyrhamnose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in a linear sequence, joined via alpha-linkages. C. A linear amino trisaccharide consisting of an alpha-sialyl residue linked (2->3) to an O-6-sulfated beta-D-galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a D-glucopyranosyl residue at the reducing end. It is found in human and rat milk. D. An amino trisaccharide consisting of a 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulose residue and two glucosamine residues (one at the reducing end) in a linear sequence, with three phosphate groups attached. Isolated from the lipopolysaccharide obtained from Haemophilus influenzae.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-acetylneuraminlactose sulfate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_153518 1_1_qwu2ibpj,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'transcription factor'?","A. A role which enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells. B. A role played by the entity of funtion as realizable entity. C. A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. D. A role played by the entity to initiate or regulate transcription.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,transcription factor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TXPO_0003645 1_1_0ub4t7k5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tRNA (cytidine(34)-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylcytosine. B. Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine(34) in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methylcytidine(34) in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: cytidine(32)/guanosine(34) in tRNA + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2'-O-methylcytidine(32)/2'-O-methylguanosine(34) in tRNA + 2 H+ + 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. D. Catalysis of the reaction: a cytidine in tRNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = an N3-methylcytidine in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tRNA (cytidine(34)-2'-O)-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0141098 1_1_rg9mpjf7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine'?","A. A glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by a glycyl group. B. A glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by an asparaginyl group. C. A glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by a cysteinyl group. D. A glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine in which the nitrogen is substituted by an alanyl group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21668 1_1_f1k40k6z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Valve of inferior vena cava'?","A. Wall of cardiac chamber that surrounds the cavity of an atrium. B. Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the inferior vena cava. C. Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei. D. Vestigial cardiac valve which is continuous with the valve of the coronary sinus and the crista terminalis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Valve of inferior vena cava,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9240 1_1_zd07eu2h,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'KCsmart'?","A. Multi sample aCGH analysis package using kernel convolution B. Queries, data structure and interface to visualization of interaction datasets. This package inplements the PSI-MI 2.5 standard and supports up to now 8 databases. Further databases supporting PSI-MI 2.5 standard will be added continuously. C. Support for Springer monograph on Bioconductor D. This library contains functions that calculate various statistics of differential expression for microarray data, including t statistics, fold change, F statistics, SAM, moderated t and F statistics and B statistics. It also implements a new methodology called DEDS (Differential Expression via Distance Summary), which selects differentially expressed genes by integrating and summarizing a set of statistics using a weighted distance approach.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,KCsmart,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000246 1_1_sh0a7jig,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Bermudians'?","A. LGBTQIA+ people who are Canadian. B. LGBTQIA+ people who are Bermudian. C. LGBTQIA+ people who are Panamanian. D. LGBTQIA+ people who are Jamaican.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Bermudians,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012206 1_1_4tmt3945,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'office building'?","A. A booth with an open window on one side. B. A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. C. An office building which is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. D. A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,office building,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001221 1_1_k9bohcwx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ditch'?","A. An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. B. A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. C. A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. D. A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ditch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000037 1_1_c8v50iz2,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'spatial region'?","A. b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part B. (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity C. (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time D. (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,spatial region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 1_1_s165voqu,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'correction'?","A. curve fitting is a data transformation in which the aim is to find a curve which matches a series of data points and possibly other constraints. B. A correction is where the aim is to correct for error, noise or other impairments to the input of the data transformation or derived from the data transformation itself. C. The storing of digital information. Often this is done for archiving and retrieval purposes. D. A feature extraction objective is a data transformation objective where the aim of the data transformation is to generate quantified values from a scanned image.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,correction,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/objective/SWO_7000010 1_1_fwzez89p,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'polling station'?","A. A human construction which is that part of a polling place where voters cast their ballot B. A human construction that serves as a structure in which bees can build their hives. C. A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. D. A building part is a construction which is part of a building.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,polling station,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501202 1_1_7wguexup,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of interleukin-34 production'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-34 production.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of interleukin-34 production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0150157 1_1_y2qvz8xt,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete stam'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete stam,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000712 1_1_nobb5ika,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Late-stage Alzheimer's Disease(severe)'?","A. A stage where cognitive impiarment suddenly arises B. A disease in the middle stage where the dementia symptoms are more pronounced. The person may confuse words, get frustrated or angry, and act in unexpected ways, such as refusing to bathe. Damage to nerve cells in the brain can also make it difficult for the person to express thoughts and perform routine tasks without assistance. C. A disease at late stage where dementia symptoms are severe. Individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment, to carry on a conversation and, eventually, to control movement. They may still say words or phrases, but communicating pain becomes difficult. As memory and cognitive skills continue to worsen, significant personality changes may take place and individuals need extensive care. D. A disease stage at which a person may function independently. He or she may still drive, work and be a part of social activities. Despite this, the person may feel as if he or she is having memory lapses, such as forgetting familiar words or the location of everyday objects.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Late-stage Alzheimer's Disease(severe),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000042 1_1_qmktdx0f,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleic acid part'?","A. A nucleic acid part is a component of a nucleic acid. B. A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. C. A gene component is a part of a gene. D. An organic submolecule is connected region of a molecule.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,nucleic acid part,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010335 1_1_ucrxxyzb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete ScanArray v3.1 software'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete ScanArray v3.1 software,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000419 1_1_spr4qxcf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete OutlierD'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. Equivalence with EDAM data_2968 C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete OutlierD,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000312 1_1_0fhbx5m2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cisgender female premenstrual syndrome'?","A. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome as experience by transgender men. B. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome as experience by cisgender women. C. A term which describes the psychological aspects of premenstrual syndrome, namely tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in persons with seizure disorder. D. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a generic term which includes a broad group of emotional, behavioral and physical symptoms that occur for several days to several weeks before menses and subside following the menstrual period.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cisgender female premenstrual syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007127 1_1_plprcpf5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'archegonium central cell'?","A. A native plant cell that is one of the axial row of cells in an immature archegonium neck . B. A native plant cell that is the larger, distal cell arising from the first division of an archegonium initial cell . C. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of phloem tissue , has sieve areas in its walls, and lacks a nucleus in its mature protoplast. D. A native plant cell that is dead at maturity, lacks specialized wall thickenings or lignin, and has tapered ends that are thin and partially hydrolyzed.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,archegonium central cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025509 1_1_mw0bfxds,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'speed of limb movement'?","A. The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object. B. The ability to quickly move the arms and legs. C. The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. D. The ability to see under low-light conditions.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,speed of limb movement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000102 1_1_xx4zjreu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Cardiovirus infectious disease'?","A. A high grade glioma that has_material_basis_in mutations in the genes encoding histones. B. A typhus that has_material_basis_in Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted by trombiculid mites (Leptotrombidium deliense). The infection has symptom fever, has symptom headache, has symptom muscle pain, has symptom cough, has symptom maculopapular rash, has symptom eschar, has symptom splenomegaly and has symptom lymphadenopathy. C. A Picornaviridae infectious disease that results_in infection in animals and humans, has_material_basis_in Cardiovirus. D. A combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency characterized by axial hypotonia, limb hypertonia, psychomotor delay, and hyperlactatemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TARS2 gene on chromosome 1q21.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete Cardiovirus infectious disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3667 1_1_jqgnclgz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special forces officer'?","A. Direct, train, and lead infantry units in ground combat operations. Duties include directing deployment of infantry weapons, vehicles, and equipment; directing location, construction, and camouflage of infantry positions and equipment; managing field communications operations; coordinating with armor, artillery, and air support units; performing strategic and tactical planning, including battle plan development; and leading basic reconnaissance operations. B. All military officer special and tactical operations leaders not listed separately. C. Manage personnel and weapons operations to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Duties include planning, targeting, and coordinating the tactical deployment of field artillery and air defense artillery missile systems units; directing the establishment and operation of fire control communications systems; targeting and launching intercontinental ballistic missiles; directing the storage and handling of nuclear munitions and components; overseeing security of weapons storage and launch facilities; and managing maintenance of weapons systems. D. Lead elite teams that implement unconventional operations by air, land, or sea during combat or peacetime. These activities include offensive raids, demolitions, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and counterterrorism. In addition to their combat training, special forces officers often have specialized training in swimming, diving, parachuting, survival, emergency medicine, and foreign languages. Duties include directing advanced reconnaissance operations and evaluating intelligence information; recruiting, training, and equipping friendly forces; leading raids and invasions on enemy territories; training personnel to implement individual missions and contingency plans; performing strategic and tactical planning for politically sensitive missions; and operating sophisticated communications equipment.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,special forces officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55101700 1_1_4aegmezw,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gambling manager'?","A. Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, direct activity programs, and document the progress of treatments. Generally requires formal training. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of a spa facility. Coordinate programs, schedule and direct staff, and oversee financial activities. C. Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file employment records, or search employee files and furnish information to authorized persons. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate gambling operations in a casino. May formulate house rules.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,gambling manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11907100 1_1_gaeh331t,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anatomically modern human'?","A. A common law criminal offense consisting of the intentional maiming of another person's genitalia. B. A term for the earliest populations of anatomically modern humans in Europe, during the Upper Paleolithic. It is taken to include fossils from throughout the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), covering the period of roughly 48,000 to 15,000 years ago (48–15 ka), spanning the Bohunician, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean and Magdalenian periods. C. A term sometimes used to distinguish anatomically modern Homo sapiens from archaic Homo sapiens varieties from the Middle and Lower Paleolithic with transitional features. D. A transgender person who would like to become engaged in the process of social gender transition or any of its associated processes.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anatomically modern human,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007617 1_1_l55fxn03,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'iron deficiency'?","A. A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the aortic valve. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta. B. iron deficiecy is due to insufficient iron C. A complication of type 2 diabetes, involving extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones. D. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,iron deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000553 1_1_1hgs3g7r,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'lysophosphatidylserine 16:1(1-)'?","A. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 20 carbons and 0 double bonds. B. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 16 carbons and 1 double bond. C. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 16 carbons and 0 double bonds. D. A lysophosphatidylserine(1-) in which the remaining acyl group (position not specified) contains 20 carbons and 1 double bond.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,lysophosphatidylserine 16:1(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72406 1_1_0547xx59,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'up-regulation'?","A. a positive regulation that one interactor up-regulates another. B. A regulation represents a regulatory interaction between two interactors. C. a gene expression regulation process that involves the regulation of a gene transcription. D. a negative regulation that one interactor down-regulates another.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,up-regulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/INO_0000007 1_1_b0igk24l,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'meat sausage (cooked)'?","A. Sausage which is cured with a food smoking process. B. A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. C. A food product that is highly seasoned minced meat and is encased in a skin in the shape of a cylinder. D. A sausage made with fresh meats, and then fully cooked.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,meat sausage (cooked),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001224 1_1_nb5erjt7,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'deficiency of other specified B group vitamins'?","A. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones. B. A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the aortic valve. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta. C. body does not have enough nutrition to sustain itself D. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of B group vitamins (folic acid, B-12) in the diet",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,deficiency of other specified B group vitamins,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000433 1_1_ztpo8pbh,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway'?","A. The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding ssRNA or dsRNA from another organism to the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-1 (also known as DDX58). RIG-I detects RNA synthesized during viral replication or shed by non-viral pathogens, and triggers a signaling pathway to protect the host against infection, for example by inducing the expression of cytokines. B. The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand (such as a bacterial peptidoglycan) to a cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) protein receptor, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process. C. The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to an endolysosomal pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of the toll-like family. PRRs bind pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs), structures conserved among microbial species. D. The series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand binding to a nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor (NLR), and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process. NLRs are cytoplasmic receptors defined by their tripartite domain architecture that contains: a variable C-terminus, a middle nucleotide-binding domain, and a LRR domain that is variable in the repeats composition and number.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing receptor signaling pathway",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035872 1_1_q4foamyo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute diarrhea'?","A. A gastrointestinal system infectious disease involving diarrhea that occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids, and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. It can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems such as inflammatory bowel diseases. It can also be caused by tuberculosis, colon cancer, and enteritis. B. A diarrhea that is of rapid onset and course characterized by frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. C. A diarrhea where there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption causing little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. D. A diarrhea which is caused by the rapid movement of food through the intestines (hypermotility). If the food moves too quickly through the GI tract, there is not enough time for sufficient nutrients and water to be absorbed.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute diarrhea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050140 1_1_ltrcdiad,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multi-tissue structure'?","A. multi-tissue structure that is comprised of a secretory epithelial layer (mesothelium) and a connective tissue layer. B. Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. C. Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. D. Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,multi-tissue structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000481 1_1_9zjqhvm0,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'motor learning'?","A. Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). B. Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. C. Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior. D. Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,motor learning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061743 1_1_rtaqvxz6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of histamine uptake'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of histamine uptake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051618 1_1_o98dv485,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Verärgerung'?","A. A negative emotion that is a strong form of anger. B. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion that is a mild form of anger. D. An intensely negative emotion that is a very strong form of anger.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Verärgerung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000012 1_1_7pfzb60x,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the glomerulus; there are two types, glomerular parietal epithelial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular visceral epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric glomerular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metanephric glomerular epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form part of the metanephric glomerulus; there are two types, metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells and metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cells. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular parietal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metanephric glomerular epithelial cell development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072313 1_1_wbmjoqqp,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Herbivore'?","A. They eat grasses and broad-leafed plants B. An animal that eats both plants and animals (or parts thereof) C. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended D. Warthogs are mostly herbivourous but sometimes eat meat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Herbivore,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Herbivore 1_1_xk6kha1z,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flag leaf ligulation time'?","A. Flag leaf ligulation time or flag leaf emergence. B. Rate of germination C. Appreciation of maturity time of the variety by comparing to local check variety. D. Time of germination after planting",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flag leaf ligulation time,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000274 1_1_i5pevoen,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cove'?","A. A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. B. An area of water bordered by land on three sides. C. A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. D. An opening of the sea into the land.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cove,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000138 1_1_60w5plpr,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'embelin'?","A. A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease. B. A bisindole alkaloid that is quinone bearing two hydroxy substituents at position 2 and 5 and two indol-3-yl groups at positions 3 and 6, one of which is carrying a 1,1-dimethylallyl group at position 2; major microspecies at pH 7.3. C. A hydroxybenzoquinone that is any 1,4-benzoquinone in which two of the substituents on the quinone ring are hydroxy groups. D. A bisindole alkaloid that is quinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 and two indol-3-yl groups at positions 3 and 6, one of which is carrying a prenyl group at position 5. Isolated from the culture broth of Chrysosporium merdarium, it acts as an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and EGF-R protein tyrosine kinase.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,embelin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4778 1_1_0y7znndk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Critical photoperiod - computation'?","A. The critical photoperiod corresponds to the day length at the intersection of the slope corresponding to the Photoperiod sensitivity coefficient (i.e. line between the thermal times to panicle emergence (in ∞days) observed for different photoperiod durations (in hours)) and the basic vegetative phase photoperiod (in hours) B. Calculate using the formula. C. Cellulose concentration obtained from the Van Soest reference analyses, predicted using a Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration and calculated in reference to the Dry Matter (DM) content. The NIRS calibration information has to be provided. Method abbreviation: VSCellDMNIRS D. Calculate using the formula.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Critical photoperiod - computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000697 1_1_es17nb2e,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hoffnung'?","A. A positive emotion that is a longing for something to happen with an appraisal of its happening as both possible and positive. B. An emotion caused by encountering unexpected events. C. A negative emotion accompanying uncertainty about a judgement or decision. D. A negative emotion generally elicited by the negative evaluation of others and their actions. Usually elicited by violations of community codes. Closely related to anger and disgust. [Source: OCEAS]",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Hoffnung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000177 1_1_o7sqbz1a,"In the ontology of Geology Names, which of the following definitions best describes 'Geonames Feature'?","A. A feature described in geonames database, uniquely defined by its geonames identifier B. A geographical feature C. A Web page displaying a map D. A feature code.",A,1_1,earth_environment/geonames_ontology,Geonames Feature,https://www.geonames.org/ontology#GeonamesFeature 1_1_0yfrdoxu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete abdominal actinomycosis'?","A. An actinomycosis that involves invasion and infiltration located_in large intestine, located_in greater omentum, or located_in abdominal wall, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces israelii, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces naeslundii, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces odontolyticus, has_material_basis_in Actinomyces viscosus or has_material_basis_in Actinomyces meyeri, which produce a characteristic granulomatous inflammatory response, with pus production and has_symptom abscess formation. B. A mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency characterized by lactic acidemia, hypotonia, and neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in mutation in mitochondrial gene MTATP6. C. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the AP4S1 gene on chromosome 14q12. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of seizures in the first year of life, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, severely impaired intellectual development, and global developmental delay that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GOT2 gene on chromosome 16q21.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete abdominal actinomycosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13076 1_1_9vc7ti0i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'marital partner'?","A. A partner in marriage. B. Partners who are LGBTQIA+. C. A partner through non-marital means or to whom one is not married. D. A person engaged to be married.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,marital partner,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001968 1_1_1cxyj26j,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'erotic dancing'?","A. Dancing that provides erotic entertainment and whose objective is the stimulation of erotic or sexual thoughts or actions in viewers. B. Sex work that is deemed legal by a given jurisdiction. C. The business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment. D. A type of erotic dance performance offered in some strip clubs in which the dancer typically has body contact with a seated patron.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,erotic dancing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003494 1_1_63h88sj6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabinoid pharmaceutical'?","A. A pharmaceutical that contains some cannabinoid. B. A pharmaceutical that has fentanyl in it without that being notified to the user. C. A pharmaceutical that contains buprenorphine mixture and naloxone. D. Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabinoid pharmaceutical,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000740 1_1_iqlydopz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: protein-dithiol + NAD(P)+ = protein-disulfide + NAD(P)H + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione disulfide+ protein-dithiol. C. Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds. D. Catalysis of the reaction: [protein]-dithiol + O2 = [protein]-disulfide + H2O2 using FAD as a cofactor, leading to formation of disulfide bridges in proteins.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,flavin-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016971 1_1_crxgs7oo,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Apraxia'?","A. A functional anomaly of the nervous system. B. A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements. C. a partial absence or patchy, incomplete area of a myelin sheath over all or part of an axon or fiber tract due to degeneration or destruction of the myelin sheath D. An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Apraxia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002186 1_1_nicya1pn,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mephedrone'?","A. A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. B. A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. C. An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. D. A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mephedrone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59331 1_1_usc5ymvh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'scientific denialism'?","A. The false belief that the scientific consensus on climate change is wrong in some form or fashion. B. A form of deviationism which imploys denial of fundamental premises, often irrationally. C. Denial of the scientific consensus. D. A distortion of the historical record.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,scientific denialism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005270 1_1_6wryu022,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexose transmembrane transport'?","A. The process in which D-glucose is transported across a membrane. B. A tunica media that is part of a vein. C. The process in which a monosaccharide is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides. D. The process in which hexose is transported across a membrane. Hexoses are aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,hexose transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008645 1_1_sru2rk6d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'B formation of primary parietal and sporogenous cells stage'?","A. Stage during which the four clearly defined locules are established. All anther cell types present and microspore mother cells appear. B. Stage during which the primary parietal and primary sporogenous layers are derived from archesporial cells. C. Stage during which the senescence of anther and stamen occurs. Shrinkage of cells and anther structure takes place. D. Stage during which anther becomes bilocular, after degeneration and breakage of septum below stomium.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,B formation of primary parietal and sporogenous cells stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001018 1_1_959t55ow,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'typhoidal tularemia'?","A. A tularemia that results_in bacteremia and has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom myalgia, has_symptom malaise, and has_symptom weight loss. B. A tularemia that results_in swelling of regional lymph glands. C. A tularemia that results in formation of ulcerative lesions located in gastrointestinal tract. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom chills, has symptom malaise, has symptom muscle aches, and has symptom vomiting. D. A tularemia that is located_in lungs. The bacteria are transmitted_by breathing dusts or aerosols containing the organisms. The infection has_symptom cough, has_symptom chest has_symptom pain, and has_symptom difficulty breathing.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,typhoidal tularemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050383 1_1_xchuzcva,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesothelial cell of small intestine'?","A. A mesothelial cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. B. A mesothelial cell that is part of the colon. C. A mesothelial cell that is part of the small intestine. D. A mesothelial cell that is part of the intestinal serosa.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesothelial cell of small intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009024 1_1_0gplzkhu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'insurance sales agent'?","A. Sell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, or other types of insurance. May refer clients to independent brokers, work as an independent broker, or be employed by an insurance company. B. Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. C. Develop new or improved designs for vehicle structural members, engines, transmissions, or other vehicle systems, using computer-assisted design technology. Direct building, modification, or testing of vehicle or components. D. Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual members.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,insurance sales agent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41302100 1_1_wg1zdoks,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Substitution'?","A. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 B. Substitution of a part or entire act or annex C. Moving some part of the text to some other place within the same document D. Removal of some part of text or the entire act from the legal system.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Substitution,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Substitution 1_1_jh9r2s46,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot system vascular system'?","A. A shoot system vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a flower . B. A vascular system that is part of a shoot system . C. A vascular system that is part of a scutellum . D. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a fruit .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot system vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025205 1_1_j96r5wsc,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion of pathological body substance'?","A. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. B. A structurally anomalous part of an organism acquired during fetal development and present at birth (but not necessarily hereditary) which is hypothesized to be harmful for the organism. C. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. D. An aggregate of organisms of the same type.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,portion of pathological body substance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000079 1_1_0cv6gxaw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'maSigPro'?","A. An integrated web interface for doing microarray analysis using several of the Bioconductor packages. It is intended to be deployed as a centralized bioinformatics resource for use by many users. B. maSigPro is a regression based approach to find genes for which there are significant gene expression profile differences between experimental groups in time course microarray experiments. C. This package detects outliers using quantile regression on the M-A scatterplots of high-throughput data. D. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) represents the largest public repository of microarray data. However, finding data of interest can be challenging using current tools. GEOmetadb is an attempt to make access to the metadata associated with samples, platforms, and datasets much more feasible. This is accomplished by parsing all the NCBI GEO metadata into a SQLite database that can be stored and queried locally. GEOmetadb is simply a thin wrapper around the SQLite database along with associated documentation. Finally, the SQLite database is updated regularly as new data is added to GEO and can be downloaded at will for the most up-to-date metadata.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,maSigPro,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000606 1_1_giptsryh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'vaping device use'?","A. Inhaling consumption that involves using an e-cigarette. B. A consumption behaviour that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth. C. Inhaling consumption that involves the use of an electronic vaping device. D. Inhaling consumption that involves using a device to consume an aerosol.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,vaping device use,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050379 1_1_hwfutl1j,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'increased diameter'?","A. An anterior-posterior diameter quality which is relatively large. B. A diameter which is relatively large. C. A diameter which is relatively normal or average D. A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,increased diameter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001714 1_1_cali86gx,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ring dermoid of cornea'?","A. An eye disease that affects the cornea, which is the transparent surface of the eye that assists in light refraction. B. A corneal disease characterized by annular limbal dermoids with corneal and conjunctival extension that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PITX2 gene on chromosome 4q25. C. A corneal disease characterized by structural changes within the cornea causing it to thin and change, leading to a protruding conical shape. D. A corneal disease that is characterized by a bilaterally enlarged corneal diameter without an increase in intraocular pressure and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CHRDL1 gene.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ring dermoid of cornea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111548 1_1_lwivz1w4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'cortex of manus bone'?","A. The outer layers of solid, hard bone that covers spongy bone; consists of parallel osteons containing mineral deposits and interstitial lamellae. B. The outer or sperficial part of a bone of the manus. C. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. D. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,cortex of manus bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005809 1_1_dhfpuby6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine'?","A. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as (1Z)-octadecenyl and hexadecanoyl respectively. B. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as (1Z)-octadecenyl and (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoyl respectively. C. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl chain at position 1 and the acyl group at position 2 contain a total of 38 carbons and 3 additional double bonds. D. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl chain at position 1 and the acyl group at position 2 contain a total of 36 carbons and 1 additional double bond.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90482 1_1_ardchl13,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of all other tactical operations specialist'?","A. Supervise and coordinate the activities of air crew members. Supervisors may also perform the same activities as the workers they supervise. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations. C. Supervise and coordinate the activities of all other tactical operations specialists not classified separately above. Supervisors may also perform the same activities as the workers they supervise. D. Supervise and coordinate the activities of weapons specialists/crew members. Supervisors may also perform the same activities as the workers they supervise.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of all other tactical operations specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55201300 1_1_k7zkbip5,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Belief_In_Violation'?","A. In law, a binding precedent (also mandatory precedent or binding authority) is a precedent which must be followed by all lower courts. It is usually created by the decision of a higher court, such as the House of Lords in the United Kingdom. Binding precedent relies on the legal principle of stare decisis. B. When, for the benefit of a person, this person is both permitted to perform and to omit an action – that is, when the action is facultative – we can say that he or she has a liberty right with regard to that action. C. A belief in some violation D. An agreement entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Belief_In_Violation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Belief_In_Violation 1_1_in0x8r6l,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'self cloud'?","A. A low-level, horizontal, wedge-shaped arcus cloud associated with a convective storm's gust front. B. A local, often abrupt lowering from a cumulonimbus cloud base into a low-hanging accessory cloud, normally a kilometer or more in diameter. C. A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature. D. The leeward edge of the orographic stratiform cap cloud as seen from the lee side of a mountain barrier, preceding or during a foehn or chinook event. The edge is generally abrupt and resembles a wall of cloud (?foehnwand? in German). This cloud often signifies the occurrence of orographic precipitation, especially snowfall in the cold season, over the peaks. See foehn cloud.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,self cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/SelfCloud 1_1_1wwz2v6b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete lapmix'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 18.9.2019: Redundant with EDAM 'Modelling and simulation'. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete lapmix,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000591 1_1_1446r5ih,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SAM'?","A. The circular binary segmentation (CBS) algorithm divides the genome into regions of equal copy number . The algorithm tests for change-points using a maximal t-statistic with a permutation reference distribution to obtain the corresponding p-value. The number of computations required for the maximal test statistic is O(N^2),where N is the number of markers. This makes the full permutation approach computationally prohibitive for the newer arrays that contain tens of thousands markers and highlights the need for a faster algorithm. B. Note: It is unclear from just the label what is meant by a SAM algorithm. It may or may not be related to the SAM sequence alignment software described by the class SWO_0000077 (Allyson Lister) C. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata. D. minimum common regions (MCR) algorithm- Minimal common regions (MCRs) are dened as contiguous spans having at least a recurrence rate dened by a parameter (recurrence) across samples.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SAM,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000374 1_1_1rxahubq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'annular pancreas'?","A. An endocrine system disease that is located_in the pancreas. B. A pancreas disease that is characterized by the failure of the pancreas to develop prior to birth. C. A pancreas disease that is characterized by the inability of the exocrine pancreas to produce and secrete an adequate amount of digestive enzymes into the small intestine. D. A pancreas disease characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of the annular pancreas (head of the pancreas forming a ring around the second portion of the duodenum) and duodenal stenosis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,annular pancreas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060850 1_1_616tqbht,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'otitis anatomical entity'?","A. inflammatory anatomical entity that is located in ear B. inflammatory anatomical entity that is located in a cellulite C. inflammatiory anatomical entity in the membrane of cartilage tissue D. a physical pathological anatomic entity that is a result of an inflammation process",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,otitis anatomical entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000019 1_1_57glw25r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'landslide'?","A. Eruption Type 2 - Ejection of entrained particles during steam eruptions. [Wikipedia] B. A landslide (or landslip) is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep solidure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. [Wikpedia] C. A mass of snow, ice or rocks moving rapidly down a steep mountain slope. Avalanches may be characterized as loose and turbulent, or slab; either type may be dry or wet according to the nature of the snow forming it, although dry snow usually forms loose avalanches and wet snow forms slabs. A large avalanche sweeps a current of air along with and in front of it as an avalanche wind, which supplements its already tremendous destructive force. D. The eastward flux of mass, momentum, heat, moisture or any other property of a fluid by mean motion or by correlation with the eastward component of motion, that is, eddy flux.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,landslide,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolGeomorphology/Landslide 1_1_qu7en12p,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'libido'?","A. A bodily process that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour. B. A mental process that involves thinking about a state of affairs that is not yet the case together with a desire for that state of affairs to come about. C. The psychic energy that drives individuals toward sensual pleasures of all types, especially sexual ones. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx D. A mental process during which information is evaluated, the outcome of which is a belief or opinion.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,libido,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000062 1_1_eup98b3o,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cavity of subdivision of serous sac'?","A. Anatomical cavity, which is surrounded by a morphological subdivision of an organ; is continuous with other organ cavity subdivisions of the same organ; together with other organ cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the organ cavity. Examples: lumen of pyloric antrum, lumen of bronchus, cavity of alveolar sac. B. Organ cavity subdivision that is a part of a serous cavity, demarcated from other serous cavity subdivisions by one or more anatomical structures or anatomical surfaces; together with other serous cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the serous cavity. Examples: costodiaphragmatic recess, oblique sinus of pericardial cavity, lesser sac, suprapatellar bursal space. C. Cavitated organ in which its unshared parts surround one continuous anatomical space. Examples: stomach, urinary bladder, esophagus, uterine tube. D. Cardiac valve which has as its parts the leaf of cardiac valve that separates the atrium from the ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cavity of subdivision of serous sac,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9336 1_1_e21ihgvv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrion'?","A. A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis. B. The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). C. A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. D. A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mitochondrion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005739 1_1_vk81byc9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardiac ventricle'?","A. Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. B. Right cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary arterial trunk. C. Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the aorta. D. Organ chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac atrium or ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardiac ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7100 1_1_g7env7db,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'prison'?","A. A permanent walled and roofed construction. B. A human construction which provides regulated climatic conditions for the growth of plants and whose walls and roof are made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass. C. A human construction which confines wastewater in a depression enclosed by earthen structures. D. A human construction which is used to forcibly confine humans.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,prison,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501204 1_1_jg9j2vpv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'long QT syndrome'?","A. An intrinsic cardiomyopathy characterized by hypokinetic, non-dilated, fibrotic or fibrofatty replacement in both the left and right ventricular myocardium, with ventricular arrhythmias with left and right bundle branch block patterns. B. An intrinsic cardiomyopathy characterized by hypokinetic, non-dilated, fibrotic or fibrofatty left ventricular myocardium and ventricular arrhythmias with a right bundle branch block pattern, with limited to no involvement of the right ventricle. C. An autosomal genetic disease that is characterized by delayed repolarization of the heart following a heartbeat increases the risk of episodes of torsade de pointes (TDP, a form of irregular heartbeat that originates from the ventricles). D. A long QT syndrome that has_material_basis_in dominant inheritance of mutation in the SCN5A gene on chromosome 3p22.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,long QT syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2843 1_1_3h315mwu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'S. flexneri serotype 5a O-polysaccharide (O factor 9-negative)'?","A. A polysaccharide derivative comprised of a [2)-alpha-L-Rhap(III)-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rhap(II)-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rhap(I)-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->] tetrasaccharide repeat modified by the (1->3) linkage of an alpha-D-glucosyl group to the Rha(II) residue. B. A polysaccharide derivative comprised of a [2)-alpha-L-Rhap(III)-(1->2)-alpha-L-Rhap(II)-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rhap(I)-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->] tetrasaccharide repeat modified by addition of acetyl groups to 40% of the O-6 positions of the GlcNAc residue and to either O-3 or O-4 of many of the Rha(III) residues (30% to O-3; 20% to O-4). The structure provided is representative of that in Shigella flexneri serotype Y and shows the most common repeating unit. C. A polysaccharide derivative comprising a trisaccharide repeating unit consisting of N-acetyl-beta-D-mannosaminouronic acid, N-acetyl-alpha-L-fucosamine and N-acetyl-beta-D-fucosamine residues linked sequentially (1->3), with the trisaccharide repeats themselves also being linked (1->3); corresponds to the de-O-acetylated serotype 8 (CP8) capsular polysaccharide of Staphylococcus aureus. D. A polysaccharide derivative antigen composed of a backbone of branched, derivatised-pentasaccharide repeating units that are joined to each other via beta-(1->2)-linkages.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,S. flexneri serotype 5a O-polysaccharide (O factor 9-negative),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78727 1_1_3bjkhnvx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. B. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051971 1_1_qzvfl5jm,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'RPG'?","A. Role-Playing Game B. game ideated in multiplayer mode C. Action Role-Playing Game D. Game concieved as an outsider from the schemes that we profiled as the most classic",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,RPG,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#RPG 1_1_3bmrc1gw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chlorophenol O-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. B. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uridine54 in tRNA = 5-methyluridine54 in tRNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine. D. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + trichlorophenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + trichloroanisole.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chlorophenol O-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030790 1_1_qkt7edxd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte apoptotic process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte apoptotic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell apoptotic process.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of granulosa cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904710 1_1_c2pvk4kh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'quinolines'?","A. Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. B. An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system. C. A class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds each of which contains a benzene ring ortho fused to carbons 2 and 3 of a pyridine ring. D. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,quinolines,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26513 1_1_ul0eweg6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelial cell of wall of inferior part of anal canal'?","A. A nonkeratinized epithelial cell of the anal canal. B. An epithelial cell that is part of the wall of inferior part of anal canal. C. An epithelial cell of the anal canal that is keratinized. This cell type is found towards the lower, rectal end of the anal canal. D. A nonkeratinized cell epithleial cell of the inferior part of the anal canal.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,epithelial cell of wall of inferior part of anal canal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000438 1_1_2gsahfwl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'veterinary technologist or technician'?","A. Analyze specifications, lay out metal stock, set up and operate machine tools, and fit and assemble parts to make and repair dies, cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, gauges, and machinists' hand tools. B. Install, repair, or adjust audio or television receivers, stereo systems, camcorders, video systems, or other electronic entertainment equipment in homes or other venues. May perform routine maintenance. C. Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, and execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and maintain equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery. D. Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute employees' time worked, production, and commission. May compute and post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,veterinary technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29205600 1_1_d4779kwj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gynecologist'?","A. A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia. B. A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive organs. C. A doctor who specializes in diseases of the urinary organs. D. A physician who treats disease, injury, and deformity by operation or manipulation that involves gaining access to the patient's body by incisional access.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gynecologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17720 1_1_jk3brgk0,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital infection'?","A. A therapeutic procedure that uses immune system derived entities. B. A congenital disorder arising as a result of a drug exposure causing an anatomical abnormality C. A congenital disorder arising as a result of an infectious process D. A structurally anomalous part of an organism acquired during fetal development and present at birth (but not necessarily hereditary) which is hypothesized to be harmful for the organism.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,congenital infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000126 1_1_z8ghqvqy,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'percolation'?","A. Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia] B. The eastward flux of mass, momentum, heat, moisture or any other property of a fluid by mean motion or by correlation with the eastward component of motion, that is, eddy flux. C. Percolation concerns the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. D. The representation in a numerical model of the turbulent transports of heat and moisture by nonprecipitating cumulus clouds with cloud tops below 3000 m above the surface.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,percolation,http://sweetontology.net/phenHydro/Percolation 1_1_w6aivxgd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'safe'?","A. The rama package consists of several functions for robust estimation of two color microarray intensities with replicates B. SAFE is a resampling-based method for testing functional categories is gene expression experiments. SAFE can be applied to 2-sample and multi-class comparisons, or simple linear regressions. Other experimental designs can also be accommodated through user-defined functions. C. Probe level Locally moderated Weighted median-t (PLW) and Locally Moderated Weighted-t (LMW). D. MDQC is a multivariate quality assessment method for microarrays based on quality control (QC) reports. The Mahalanobis distance of an array's quality attributes is used to measure the similarity of the quality of that array against the quality of the other arrays. Then, arrays with unusually high distances can be flagged as potentially low-quality.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,safe,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000690 1_1_1224mlg2,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 81'?","A. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or hemizygous mutation in CXorf56 on chromosome Xq24. B. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in a region on chromosome Xp11.2-q12. C. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by different degrees of impaired intellectual development associated with motor, speech and behavioral impairments that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the SLITRK2 gene on chromosome Xq27. D. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by severe developmental delay that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in a region on chromosome Xp11.3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 81,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112033 1_1_htw1khnc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'meltem'?","A. 1. (Also spelled melt?mi.) A strong wind from the northeast or east that often sets in suddenly and blows during the day in summer on the Bulgarian coast and in the Bosporus. 2. Same as monsoon. B. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. C. A violent east wind on Lake Tanganyika in Africa. D. Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,meltem,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Meltem 1_1_eghdfgqx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric tubule formation'?","A. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule. B. The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position. C. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephric duct. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney. D. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endothelial tube.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metanephric tubule formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072174 1_1_h012f4j1,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'adipose tissue'?","A. A papilla that contain taste buds, including the fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae. B. The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. C. Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. D. A rib bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,adipose tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001013 1_1_tmutu0pi,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other disorders of brain'?","A. Bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. B. Anarthria is a severe form of dysarthria. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that occurs when someone can't coordinate or control the muscles used for speaking. C. unspecified disorder of the brain D. A brief stroke (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction when the blood supply to this part of the brain is blocked",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other disorders of brain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000562 1_1_3w4n05yd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'credit analyst'?","A. Design, develop, or evaluate energy-related projects or programs to reduce energy costs or improve energy efficiency during the designing, building, or remodeling stages of construction. May specialize in electrical systems; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems; green buildings; lighting; air quality; or energy procurement. B. Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media. C. Analyze credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with credit information for use in decisionmaking. D. Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,credit analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13204100 1_1_8zg85gaj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-palmitoyl-2-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine'?","A. A phosphatidylcholine 34:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl (alpha-linolenoyl) respectively. B. A phosphatidylcholine 34:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoleoyl and linoleoyl respectively. C. A phosphatidylcholine 34:3 in which the acyl groups specified at positions 1 and 2 are palmitoyl and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl (gamma-linolenoyl) respectively. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 34 carbons in total with 3 double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1-palmitoyl-2-[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84789 1_1_yvotuh1n,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ben Wa ball'?","A. A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine. B. A larger form of Ben Wa balls which are made of plastic which encase lesser balls. C. Any of various vaguely ball-shaped devices designed for insertion into the vagina. D. Any of various small, marble-sized balls, usually hollow and containing a small weight, that roll around and are used for sexual stimulation by insertion into the vagina. Available in a variety of forms, the balls may be solid, or contain clappers or chimes within.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Ben Wa ball,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012043 1_1_75bi22w8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'dancer'?","A. Conduct energy audits of buildings, building systems, or process systems. May also conduct investment grade audits of buildings or systems. B. Lay out, machine, fit, and assemble castings and parts to metal or plastic foundry patterns, core boxes, or match plates. C. Build, install, test, or maintain robotic equipment or related automated production systems. D. Perform dances. May perform on stage, for broadcasting, or for video recording.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,dancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27203100 1_1_i5gea740,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'choledocholithiasis'?","A. A bile duct disease that is located_in the common bile duct. B. A syndrome of multiple anomalies whose name stands for short stature, hyperextensibility of joints, ocular depression, Rieger anomaly and teething delay which, along with mild intrauterine growth restriction, partial lipodystrophy, delayed bone age, hernias and progeroid appearance, that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PIK3R1 gene on chromosome 5q13. C. An early-onset Parkinson's disease that has_material_basis_in mutations in the PINK1 gene on chromosome 1p36.12. D. A common bile duct disease characterized by the presence of at least one gallstone in the common bile duct.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,choledocholithiasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11755 1_1_mviqjqnn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of DNA catabolic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a mRNA catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alcohol catabolic process within a cell. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA catabolic process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of DNA catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903624 1_1_iciwfqhh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cartographer or photogrammetrist'?","A. Research, study, and prepare maps and other spatial data in digital or graphic form for one or more purposes, such as legal, social, political, educational, and design purposes. May work with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). May design and evaluate algorithms, data structures, and user interfaces for GIS and mapping systems. May collect, analyze, and interpret geographic information provided by geodetic surveys, aerial photographs, and satellite data. B. Design and implement radio frequency identification device (RFID) systems used to track shipments or goods. C. Patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations. Investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife. Compile biological data. D. Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cartographer or photogrammetrist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17102100 1_1_dfj4rbfd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superior ophthalmic vein'?","A. Visceral serous pericardium of superior pulmonary vein which is attached to the left superior pulmonary vein. B. Tributary of cavernouc sinus, each instance of which is a vein that begins at the medial angle of some eye, where it communicates with some frontal, supraorbital, and angular veins; it follows the distribution of some ophthalmic artery. C. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. D. Synaptic membrane, each instance of which is an areaof plasma membrane of some presynaptic axon within some synapse and has sites for release of some neurotransmitters.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Superior ophthalmic vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma51246 1_1_8i63cfw8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SPIA'?","A. The splots package provides the plotScreen function for the visualization of for high-throughput assays in microtitre plate or chamber slide format. B. Gene selection based on a mixture of marginal distributions C. Tools for export and import classification trees and clusters to other programs D. This package implements the Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis (SPIA) which uses the information form a list of differentially expressed genes and their log fold changes together with signaling pathways topology, in order to identify the pathways most relevant to the condition under the study.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SPIA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000388 1_1_jlv88ulh,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'endodermis cell'?","A. A ground tissue cell that is part of a portion of endodermis . B. A ground tissue cell that is part of a bundle sheath . C. A relatively unspecialized ground tissue cell with a nucleate protoplast. D. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of ground tissue .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,endodermis cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025624 1_1_e71v6rr9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'chlorophyll'?","A. An organochloride, organochlorine, or chlorocarbon, is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom. Their wide structural variety and divergent chemical properties lead to a broad range of uses. B. A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes. C. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue and red but poorly in the green portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues like plant leaves. D. An equation is a mathematical statement, in symbols, that two things are exactly the same (or equivalent). [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,chlorophyll,http://sweetontology.net/matrOrganicCompound/Chlorophyll 1_1_embrkf00,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'groundwater'?","A. A lake underneath the surface of the Earth. B. A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. C. Water which has physicochemical properties determined by processes which occur beneath the planetary crust. D. Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,groundwater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001004 1_1_b84lj754,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy 1'?","A. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness characterized by progressive hearing loss with inability to discriminate speech but preserved sensitivity to sound, preservation of outer hair cell function and abnormal or absent auditory brainstem responses and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TMEM43 gene on chromosome 3p25.1. B. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 5q31. C. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset and mid-frequency hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the TECTA gene on chromosome 11q23. D. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness characterized by preservation of outer hair cell function and abnormal or absent auditory brainstem responses that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the DIAPH3 gene on chromosome 13q.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060690 1_1_qhumbyug,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth. B. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pseudohyphal growth. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of optical nerve axon regeneration.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048687 1_1_zv6jzxfq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'noctilucent cloud'?","A. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. B. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds. C. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. D. A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,noctilucent cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/NoctilucentCloud 1_1_6a1grjqi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine faunal bed'?","A. A marine bed which lies below a sea. B. A marine bed which is covered by animals which have benthic habitats, including attached, clinging, sessile, infaunal, burrowing, laying, interstitial, and slow-moving animals, but not animals that have created substrate. C. A marine bed which lies below an ocean. D. A submerged bed which underlies a marine water body.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine faunal bed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001376 1_1_ql8u91ip,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'parainfluenza virus pneumonia'?","A. a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever and severe aching, often occuring in epidemics. B. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Parainfluenza virus C. An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. D. a common sickness combined with a lung infection caused by an unspecified pathogen.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,parainfluenza virus pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000442 1_1_xdwrhora,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'carveol'?","A. An epoxide resulting from the formal epoxidation of the cyclic double bond of limonene. B. A limonene monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohexanone bearing hydroxy and methyl substituents at position 2 as well as an isopropenyl substituent at position 5. C. The (1S,5S)-stereoisomer of carveol. D. A limonene monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-ol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 5.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,carveol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23046 1_1_4epw8jwa,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pterygospinal igament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a strong fascial band that passes from some twelfth rib to the tips of transverse processes of some first and second lumbar vertebrae. B. Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament. C. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a band of fibers extending from superior part of superior border of some lateral pterygoid plate to spine ofsome sphenoid bone. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a flat triangular band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the anterior part of the lateral surface of the distal end of some tibia to the anterior part of the distal end of some fibula.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pterygospinal igament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329211 1_1_182rok0l,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030854 1_1_e977h7b6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'McKusick-Kaufman syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by neonatal onset of genitourinary malformations, especially hydrometrocolpos, polydactyly, and, more rarely, heart or gastrointestinal malformations that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in MKKS on 20p12.2. B. A syndrome that is characterized by multiple congenital defects in endocrine, cerebral, and skeletal systems leading to neonatal mortality; it has_material_basis_in mutation in the gene encoding intestinal cell kinase. C. A syndrome characterized by genomic instability and susceptibility toward early onset hepatocellular carcinoma that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in SPRTN on 1q42.2. D. A syndrome characterized by neuromyotonia and chondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in hypomorphic mutations in the HSPG2 gene on chromosome 1p36.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,McKusick-Kaufman syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111255 1_1_6u0dwg54,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'paralegal or legal assistant'?","A. Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action. B. Install, inspect, test, maintain, or repair electric gate crossings, signals, signal equipment, track switches, section lines, or intercommunications systems within a railroad system. C. Provide beauty services, such as cutting, coloring, and styling hair, and massaging and treating scalp. May shampoo hair, apply makeup, dress wigs, remove hair, and provide nail and skincare services. D. Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abutments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats, tanks, and floors.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,paralegal or legal assistant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_23201100 1_1_jlfh6pmp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MassSpecWavelet'?","A. Processing Mass Spectrometry spectrum by using wavelet based algorithm B. A collection of meta-analysis tools for analysing high throughput experimental data C. This library contains functions that calculate various statistics of differential expression for microarray data, including t statistics, fold change, F statistics, SAM, moderated t and F statistics and B statistics. It also implements a new methodology called DEDS (Differential Expression via Distance Summary), which selects differentially expressed genes by integrating and summarizing a set of statistics using a weighted distance approach. D. A package to provide UUID values in R",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MassSpecWavelet,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000289 1_1_x5cbkk0f,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary biliary cholangitis 3'?","A. A liver cirrhosis characterized by chronic and slow progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts. B. A primary biliary cholangitis that has_material_basis_in variation at the IL12RB2 locus on chromosome 1p31.2. C. A primary biliary cholangitis that has_material_basis_in variation at the ZPBP2 locus on chromosome 17q12-q21. D. A primary biliary cholangitis that has_material_basis_in variation near the IRF5-TNPO3 locus on chromosome 7q32.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,primary biliary cholangitis 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070360 1_1_0rcsgzis,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chromosome'?","A. Organelle part which consists of nucleotides arranged linearly into three regions, DNA replication origin, centromere and telomere. Examples: nuclear chromosome, sex chromosome. B. Cardinal cell part which is demarcated from other cell parts by predominantly bona fide anatomical surfaces. Examples: golgi complex, endosome, myofilament. C. Cell component which is surrounded by a portion of cytosol. Examples: endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, cytoskeleton, cell nucleus, mitochondrion. D. Cell component which has as its direct parts a maximally connected part of cytoplasm and one or more cell nuclei. Examples: protoplasm of hepatocyte, protoplasm of megakaryocyte.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Chromosome,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67093 1_1_h79iz4im,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'accessory nerve formation'?","A. The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. B. The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial ophthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities. C. The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain. D. The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,accessory nerve formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021608 1_1_xag1e75n,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphate butyryltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the transfer of a hexanoyl (CH3-[CH2]4-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule. B. Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADPH + 2n H+ = long-chain fatty acid + n+1 CoA + n CO2 + 2n NADP+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: butanoyl-CoA + phosphate = butanoyl phosphate + CoA. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2,3-tri-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-(30-hydroxytriacontanoyl)-sphing-4-enine = di-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoylglycerol + N-[30-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyloxy)-triacontanoyl]-sphing-4-enine.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phosphate butyryltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050182 1_1_ythgfxrn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basal part of pons'?","A. Organ component layer of liver, each instance of which consists of arranged cluster of hepatocytes radiating from the center of some hepatic lobule. B. Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group around the main trunk of superior mesenteric artery. C. Synovial tendon sheath of foot, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some tibialis anterior muscle, extending from the proximal margin of some superior extensor retinaculum to some region between the diverging limbs of some inferior extensor retinaculum, passing deep to some retinacula. D. Ventral subdivision of the pons which consists of the massive pontine pertuberance on pontine ventral surface.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Basal part of pons,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72244 1_1_nzty23wv,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'boat'?","A. A boat which is used to transport cargo or carry passengers. B. A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. C. A boat is a watercraft of any size which is able to float or plane on water. D. A motor boat is a boat which is propelled by a motor.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,boat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000608 1_1_87yz3gho,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'knik wind'?","A. Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy. B. A hot, sand- and dust-laden wind from between southeast and southwest that blows in front of a depression on the southeast coast of Spain but extends only a few miles inland. C. The Maltese and best-known variant of a term for a strong northeast wind in the central and western Mediterranean and adjacent European land areas (stronger than the levante). D. Local name for a strong southeast wind in the vicinity of Palmer in the Matanuska Valley of Alaska. The knik wind blows most frequently in the winter, although it may occur at any time of year. In winter the knik winds are accompanied by very pronounced temperature rises; cases of more than 10?C in 24 hours have been observed. These winds may last from one to ten days. They result from a pressure gradient normal to the Chugach Mountains, causing a pronounced foehn effect in the Matanuska Valley.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,knik wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/KnikWind 1_1_52rki08p,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'monoblast'?","A. A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. B. A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage. This cell is CD11b-positive, has basophilic cytoplasm, euchromatin, and the presence of a nucleolus. C. A(n) myeloid cell that is cycling. D. A progenitor cell committed to the basophil lineage. This cell lacks hematopoietic lineage markers (lin-negative) and is CD34-positive, T1/ST2-low, CD117-negative, and FceRIa-high. This cell also expresses Gata-1, Gata-2 and C/EBPa.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,monoblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000040 1_1_ittcwc4z,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'subterranean tuber axillary vegetative bud'?","A. A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of a subterranean tuber. B. A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of an aerial tuber. C. The stage at which the root cortex becomes evident. D. An axillary vegetative bud that is part of a shoot axis tuber .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,subterranean tuber axillary vegetative bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025042 1_1_iaxerlmv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SSPA'?","A. A package that implements some simple graph handling capabilities. B. Two-stage measurement error model for correlation estimation with smaller bias than the usual sample correlation C. R interface to genome browsers and their annotation tracks D. Sample size and power analysis for microarray data, where two groups are analysed.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SSPA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000390 1_1_luv0s57r,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'research grant awarding body'?","A. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members. B. An organization that provides funding for research. C. An organisation that sells some product directly to users of that product. D. An organisation that provides healthcare.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,research grant awarding body,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000880 1_1_xksg41fi,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'vertical'?","A. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. B. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of amino acids within a cell. C. A cell type that encapsulates the capillaries and venules in the kidney. This cell secretes mesangial matrix that provides the structural support for the capillaries. D. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being situated at right angles to the horizon.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,vertical,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001854 1_1_10dt9ey0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Joubert syndrome 5'?","A. A Joubert syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TCTN3 gene on chromosome 10q24. B. A Joubert syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MKS1 gene on chromosome 17q23. C. A Joubert syndrome characterized by delayed development, abnormal eye movements, and abnormal breathing pattern, and molar tooth sign on brain MRI that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KIAA0586 gene on chromosome 14q23. D. A Joubert syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CEP290 gene on chromosome 12q21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Joubert syndrome 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111000 1_1_fsbkh5hj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Colour of bract internal face - estimation'?","A. Visual assessment. B. Visually observe the colour of the internal face of the first unlifted bract. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. C. Observations on the margins and petiole wings should be made where the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Use colour chart A and observe out of direct sunlight. Record the colour of the margin (general colour is below the rim). [x Observe at flowering time.] D. Focus group discussion with female respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was second ranked lowest in preference ranking exercise",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Colour of bract internal face - estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010119 1_1_or3oio1y,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'conditioned taste aversion'?","A. Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. B. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. C. A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus. D. Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,conditioned taste aversion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001661 1_1_p3cdr105,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sulfation'?","A. The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule. B. The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein. C. A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle. D. The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sulfation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051923 1_1_696ob3lr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'agricultural soil'?","A. Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. B. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. C. Soil which is part of a tropical environment. D. Soil which is part of an ecosystem used for agricultural activities.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,agricultural soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002259 1_1_l2w2b10e,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'area of perennial snow'?","A. A material cooling process during which a portion of fluid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. B. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. C. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. D. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,area of perennial snow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000745 1_1_71v7vxoz,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inventory'?","A. A Quick-Time-Event is a mechanic that tests the player's reflexes by making them press a specific button at the right time B. possibility of interaction with elements of the game, based on well-defined contexts. Usually the interaction occurs via the input of a dedicated button on the keyboard/joystick. C. Mechanic that allows the player to impart a direction besidesthe default one either to some elements of the game world or to the plot revolving around it. Choices often are the key to games with multiple endings, altough sone games employ more subtle element to determine an ending (i.e. the case of ""SIGNALIS"") D. Display and selection systems of the objects collected by the player",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Inventory,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Inventory 1_1_spys5c08,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete cambial initial'?","A. A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial tube morphogenesis. C. OBSOLETE, use term from Plant Ontology. A cell localized in the vascular cambium or phellogen. Its periclinal division can contribute cells either to the outside or to the inside of the axis; in vascular cambium, classified into fusiform initials (source of axial cells of xylem and phloem) and ray initials (source of the ray cells). D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,obsolete cambial initial,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000272 1_1_ssc2wbg7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''bridge''?","A. Queries, data structure and interface to visualization of interaction datasets. This package inplements the PSI-MI 2.5 standard and supports up to now 8 databases. Further databases supporting PSI-MI 2.5 standard will be added continuously. B. The bridge package consists of several functions for testing for dierential expression among mul- tiple samples C. This package deals with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. D. This library contains functions that calculate various statistics of differential expression for microarray data, including t statistics, fold change, F statistics, SAM, moderated t and F statistics and B statistics. It also implements a new methodology called DEDS (Differential Expression via Distance Summary), which selects differentially expressed genes by integrating and summarizing a set of statistics using a weighted distance approach.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'bridge',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000491 1_1_rut0moxe,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of photosynthesis'?","A. Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of photosynthesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010109 1_1_3w1wtmst,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Propositional Object'?","A. This class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. This class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code, or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units. It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string. In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. “bit”, “Latin character”, RGB pixel).Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. These include reproduction and property rights.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E89 Propositional Object,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E89_Propositional_Object 1_1_z882wxt4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'haboob'?","A. A northerly wind; in general, a cold windstorm from the north. B. A strong wind and sandstorm or duststorm in northern and central Sudan, especially around Khartoum, where the average number is about 24 a year. The name comes from the Arabic word habb, meaning ?wind.? Haboobs are most frequent from May through September, especially in June, but they have occurred in every month except November. Their average duration is three hours; they are most severe in April and May when the soil is driest. They may approach from any direction, but most commonly from the north in winter and from the south, southeast, or east in summer. The average maximum wind velocity is over 13 m s-1 (30 mph) and a speed of 28 m s-1 (62 mph) has been recorded. The sand and dust form a dense whirling wall that may be 1000 m (3000 ft) high; it is often preceded by isolated dust whirls. During these storms, enormous quantities of sand are deposited. Haboobs usually occur after a few days of rising temperature and falling pressure. C. The local name, taken from the Matanuska River, for a strong, gusty, northeast wind that occasionally occurs during the winter in the vicinity of Palmer, Alaska. D. A violent east wind on Lake Tanganyika in Africa.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,haboob,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Haboob 1_1_nhtnh3dn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sixth order infructescence axis'?","A. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from an eighth order infructescence axis and develops from a ninth order inflorescence axis . B. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from a first order infructescence axis and develops from a second order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from a fifth order infructescence axis and develops from a sixth order inflorescence axis . D. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from a fourth order infructescence axis and develops from a fifth order inflorescence axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sixth order infructescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025116 1_1_33xwjfj0,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'poly(deoxyguanylic acid)'?","A. A polynucleotide comprised of 2'-deoxyguanosine units connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. B. A polynucleotide comprised of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine units connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. C. A polynucleotide comprised of uridine units connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. D. A polynucleotide comprised of 2'-deoxythymidine units connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,poly(deoxyguanylic acid),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76043 1_1_7hta3bfd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'evoked neurotransmitter secretion'?","A. Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential. B. The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. C. The controlled release of octopamine by a cell, in which the octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter. D. The regulated release of a primary amine by a cell, in which the primary amine acts as a neurotransmitter.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,evoked neurotransmitter secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061670 1_1_blfusba5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'propanal'?","A. An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. B. A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. C. An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. D. An aldehyde of general formula R-CH2-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is attached to a CH2 group at the alpha-position.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,propanal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17153 1_1_6r0fcbkp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'archegonium neck canal'?","A. A canal that is a longitudinal groove in the testa through a prominent hilum of a seed . B. A canal of schizogenous origin, lined with secretory resin cells and containing plant resin . C. A canal in the center of an archegonium neck . D. A plant anatomical space that is either a groove on the surface, or a tube in the interior of a plant structure .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,archegonium neck canal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030066 1_1_xerxz5fz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4''-deoxyterphenyllin'?","A. A member of the class of benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 3 and a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 5. It is a lignan derivative isolated from the roots of Krameria lappacea. B. A member of the class of pterocarpans that is pterocarpan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3, a methylenedioxy group across positions 8 and 9 and a 2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran ring fused across positions 1 and 2 (the 8aR,14aR stereoisomer). Isolated from the stem barks of Maackia amurensis,it exhibits cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. C. A para-terphenyl that is the 4''-deoxy derivative of terphenyllin. It has been isolated from Aspergillus taichungensis. D. A member of the class of xanthones that is xanthone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 6. It has been isolated from Centaurium erythraea and Gentiana verna.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4''-deoxyterphenyllin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67535 1_1_ldi9zrym,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed zinc content measurement'?","A. Description: Measure the total area of a plot Materials: tape measure Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. Find the corner of the plot. 2. Record the actual length and width of the plot. 3. Multiply and express in square units of length or in some standard area unit. B. Description: Determination of crude fat content in sample by Soxhlet or continuous extraction Materials: extractor; filter paper; extraction thimbles 22x80mm; cotton (free from ether extract) or Pyrex glass wool; vacuum oven or vacuum desiccator for nonoxidative drying of sample; petroleum ether (redistilled, BP 30-60F) Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See AACC 30-25.01 C. Description: Measure the zinc content in a sample of seeds Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See full protocol at AACC 40-70.01 D. Description: Calculate the projected area of an object Materials: seed image, python-opencv Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. Find an object contour using cv.findContours() 2. Export the contour area as cv.contourArea() 3. See https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d1/d32/tutorial_py_contour_properties.html",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed zinc content measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0002074 1_1_u72g3i9s,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute hepatic failure'?","A. Past medical history of surgical breast removal. B. The amount of biliverdin in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. C. Hepatic failure refers to the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions, which can result in coagulopathy and alteration in the mental status of a previously healthy individual. Hepatic failure is defined as fulminant if there is onset of encephalopathy within 4 weeks of the onset of symptoms in a patient with a previously healthy liver. D. Hepatic failure refers to the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions, which can result in coagulopathy and alteration in the mental status of a previously healthy individual. Hepatic failure is defined as acute if there is onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of the onset of symptoms in a patient with a previously healthy liver.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Acute hepatic failure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006554 1_1_czv439m9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Eyeball'?","A. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is continuous proximally with some cecum and distally terminates at its tip. Examples: There is only one appendix. B. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is connected to some optic nerve. Examples: There are only two eyeballs, the right and the left eyeballs. C. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which has as its parts some serous membrane and serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa. D. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is continuous proximally with some cystic duct and distally terminates at its fundus. Examples: There is only one gallbladder.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Eyeball,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12513 1_1_osa09tpn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kal baisakhi'?","A. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. B. A squall that occurs along a squall line. This term is now confined mostly to nautical usage. C. (Also spelled kosava, koschawa.) A cold, very squally wind, descending from the east or southeast in the region of the Danube ?Iron Gate? through the Carpathians, continuing westward over Belgrade, thence spreading northward to the Rumanian and Hungarian borderlands and southward as far as Nish. In winter it brings temperatures down to below -29C and it is cool even in summer, when it is also dusty. It usually occurs with a depression over the Adriatic and high pressure over southern Russia, a frequent situation in winter. It is usually explained as a jet-effect wind through the Iron Gate, giving speeds well above the gradient wind, but it can be regarded as a katabatic wind intermediate between foehn and bora. The kossava has a marked diurnal variation, with its maximum occurring between 5 AM and 10 AM. D. In India, a short-lived dusty squall at the onset of the southwest monsoon (April? June) in Bengal.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kal baisakhi,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/KalBaisakhi 1_1_4xrlh0w9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5(S)-HpEPE(1-)'?","A. A 12-HPEPE anion that is the conjugate base of 12(S)-HpEPE arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. B. A hydroperoxyicosapentaenoate that is the conjugate base of (5S)-HpEPE, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. C. An icosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of (5Z,9E,11Z,14Z,17Z)-8-hydroperoxyicosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3 D. An icosanoid anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function of any hydroperoxyicosapentaenoic acid.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,5(S)-HpEPE(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_195399 1_1_7xspkvve,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'misrouted'?","A. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located at the same level as another entity. B. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located on right side of a another entity. C. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having mistakenly taken course, way, or passage; ill-routed. D. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's position being displaced from a reference point.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,misrouted,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000629 1_1_ti1gjjfy,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'psychology teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease. May supervise activities of a department providing quantity food services, counsel individuals, or conduct nutritional research. B. Appraise, edit, and direct safekeeping of permanent records and historically valuable documents. Participate in research activities based on archival materials. C. Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements. D. Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"psychology teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25106600 1_1_bv8umx0q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA binding'?","A. Binding to a DNA region containing an oxidized purine residue. B. Catalysis of the reaction: ADP + ATP = phosphate + P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl)tetraphosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. D. Binding to 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine an oxidized purine residue found in damaged DNA.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905773 1_1_5stm6wra,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 18'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in linkage to a 10.5-Mb region on proximal chromosome 4q between SNPs rs11944876 and rs6551838. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by impaired intellectual development with or without epilepsy and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MED23 gene on chromosome 6q23. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by poor growth, spastic tetraplegia, and hearing loss and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PSMC1 gene on chromosome 14q32. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in linkage to a 22-Mb region on proximal chromosome 6q between SNPs rs4612125 and rs285651.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 18,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081190 1_1_vfaiw5hh,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spacetime Volume'?","A. This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods and E5 Events, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former instance of E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice. In some contexts, such phenomena are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item and is an abstract class that typically has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises extents in the natural space where people live, in particular on the surface of the Earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter. They may serve describing the physical location of things or phenomena or other areas of interest. Geometrically, instances of E53 Place constitute single contiguous areas or a finite aggregation of disjoint areas in space which are each individually contiguous. They may have fuzzy boundaries. The instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of “immobile” objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks, but may also be determined by reference to mobile objects. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame. It is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, people are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object, i.e. H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance. Any instance of E18 Physical Thing can serve as a frame of reference for an instance of E53 Place. This may be documented using the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for).Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end, and a duration. Instances of E52 Time-Span have no semantic connotations about phenomena happening within the temporal extent they represent. They do not convey any meaning other than a positioning on the “time-line” of chronology. The actual extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span can be approximated by properties of E52 Time-Span giving inner and outer bounds in the form of dates (instances of E61 Time Primitive). Comparing knowledge about time-spans is fundamental for chronological reasoning. Some instances of E52 Time-Span may be defined as the actual, in principle observable, temporal extent of instances of E2 Temporal Entity via the property P4 has time-span (is time-span of): E52 Time-Span. They constitute phenomenal time-spans as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel 2013). Since our knowledge of history is imperfect and physical phenomena are fuzzy in nature, the extent of phenomenal time-spans can only be described in approximation. An extreme case of approximation, might, for example, define an instance of E52 Time-Span having unknown beginning, end and duration. It may, nevertheless, be associated with other descriptions by which people can infer knowledge about it, such as in relative chronologies. Some instances of E52 may be defined precisely as representing a declaration of a temporal extent, as, for instance, done in a business contract. They constitute declarative time-spans as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel 2013) and can be described via the property E61 Time Primitive P170 defines time (time is defined by): E52 Time-Span. When used as a common E52 Time-Span for two events, it will nevertheless describe them as being simultaneous, even if nothing else is known.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless of their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place, and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E92 Spacetime Volume,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E92_Spacetime_Volume 1_1_b10utfgv,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'viscosity'?","A. A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. B. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts having the arrangement which exhibits characteristics of liquids. C. A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. D. A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,viscosity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000992 1_1_87cory4e,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete flowCore'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete flowCore,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000538 1_1_lfyi262a,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->6)-[alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc'?","A. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->6)-[alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc in which the anomeric configuration of the reducing-end N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue is alpha. B. A member of the class of quinolines that is the amide obtained from formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-(2-isopropyloxyphenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-aminopyridine. C. A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a linear sequence of alpha-neuraminyl, beta-D-galactosyl and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues linked (2->3) and (1->6), to the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue of which is also linked (2->6) another alpha-neuraminyl residue. D. A furanocoumarin that is 7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one substituted by a [(2S)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy group at position 4.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->6)-[alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71602 1_1_3fxhmsgc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Triceps hyporeflexia'?","A. Reduced intensity of muscle tendon reflexes in the upper limbs. Reflexes are elicited by stretching the tendon of a muscle, e.g., by tapping. B. Reduced intensity of the triceps tendon reflex. C. Reduced intensity of the brachioradialis tendon reflex. D. Reduced intensity of the biceps tendon reflex.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Triceps hyporeflexia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033200 1_1_tm34bae7,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian rhythm'?","A. ""Endogenously driven roughly 24-hour cycle in biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes."" [GOC:bf] B. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GO:GO\:0003052] C. The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. D. ""Behavior related to all sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep."" [NBO:GVG]",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,circadian rhythm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000166 1_1_3ue34wp4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'savanna'?","A. Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants (forbs). Plants of the sedge (Cyperacae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be frequent in grasslands. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica, and in many other areas they have replaced the natural vegetation due to human influence. In temperate latitudes, such as north-west Europe, grasslands are dominated by perennial species, whereas in warmer climates annual species form a greater component of the vegetation. B. Montane is a biogeographic term which refers to highland areas located below the subalpine zone.[1] Montane regions generally have cooler temperatures and often have higher rainfall than the adjacent lowland regions, and are frequently home to distinct communities of plants and animals. [Wikipedia] C. Scrubland is plant community characterized by scrub vegetation. Scrub consists of low shrubs, mixed with grasses, herbs, and geophytes. Scrublands are sometimes known as heathlands. Scrublands may be either naturally occurring or the result of human activity. They may be the mature vegetation type in a particular region and remain stable over time, or a transitional community that occurs temporarily as the result of a disturbance, such as a major fire. Many people do not live in scrubland because of the fires that can easily occur. D. A savanna or savannah is a tropical or subtropical woodland ecosystem. Savannas are characterised by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. It is often believed that savannas are characterized by widely spaced, scattered trees, however in many savanna communities tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forest communities. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall being confined to one season of the year. Savannas can be associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently seen as a transitional zone, occurring between forest regions and desert regions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,savanna,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/Savanna 1_1_j69zjb4j,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'categorical label'?","A. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. B. A label that is part of a categorical datum and that indicates the value of the data item on the categorical scale. C. A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label D. A normalization is a data transformation objective where the aim is to remove systematic sources of variation to put the data on equal footing in order to create a common base for comparisons.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,categorical label,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000963 1_1_4mso7bsa,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'water resource specialist'?","A. Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the secondary school level. B. Design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource issues such as supply, quality, and regulatory compliance issues. C. Operate real estate office, or work for commercial real estate firm, overseeing real estate transactions. Other duties usually include selling real estate or renting properties and arranging loans. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development activities and staff of an organization.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,water resource specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11912102 1_1_2vu1mwp8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'door-to-door sales worker, news or street vendors,'?","A. Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea. B. Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils. C. Prepare or serve specialty coffee or other beverages. Serve food such as baked goods or sandwiches to patrons. D. Sell goods or services door-to-door or on the street.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"door-to-door sales worker, news or street vendors,",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41909100 1_1_5ymwy0ol,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'JPEG'?","A. The BMP File Format is a Raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter). B. A raster image is a format for representing a rectangular grid of dots (pixels) which contains information on the specific colour of each pixel. C. TIFF is a flexible, adaptable file format for handling images and data within a single file, by including the header tags (size, definition, image-data arrangement, applied image compression) defining the image's geometry. D. JPEG is a lossy file format for storing images",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,JPEG,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000017 1_1_qq9z9pn5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesotarsal joint'?","A. A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals. B. The transverse tarsal joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid, and the articulation of the talus with the navicular. The movement which takes place in this joint is more extensive than that in the other tarsal joints, and consists of a sort of rotation by means of which the foot may be slightly flexed or extended, the sole being at the same time carried medially (inverted) or laterally. C. A skeletal joint that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. D. An ankle joint that passes between the proximal and distal tarsals.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mesotarsal joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011969 1_1_p6u08f8i,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vorticose vein'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of foot, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor hallucis longus muscle, extending from the level of some malleoli and reaching the base of some first metatarsal bone. B. Thyroid gland which is located outside of the thyroid gland proper. C. Tributary of superior ophthalmic vein, each instance of which drains blood from the choroid. D. Anatomical point of face located at apex of lateral palpebral commissure.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vorticose vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321534 1_1_crtgmzn4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:453'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:453,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000108 1_1_68lkegnu,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete MicroArraySuite 5.0'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete MicroArraySuite 5.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000272 1_1_tc177x7g,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mature neutrophil'?","A. A phagocyte in vertebrates that is able to phagocytosis. B. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. C. A mesangial cell located among the glomerular capillaries in a renal corpuscle. D. A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. They are produced in bone marrow at a rate of 5e10-10e10/day and have a half-life of 6-8 hours. Neutrophils are CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD43-positive, CD181-positive, and CD182-positive.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mature neutrophil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000096 1_1_vzg9x0f6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'product'?","A. A product that is manufactured to be part of a cigarette, located at the end that the user puts to the lips, which blocks some smoke particles from entering the mouth during use. B. An artifact that has a product role. C. A product that is designed to be an e-cigarette part that is a container to hold e-liquid. D. An object that is designed by humans to fulfil some function.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000279 1_1_m4m3y1df,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Internode length'?","A. The length of seeds. B. The computed ratio of petiole length to internode length C. The colour of the terminal leaflet. D. The length of internode.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Internode length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000201 1_1_u10pqrki,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'jadomycin A'?","A. A proanthocyanidin consisting of two (-)-epicatechin and one (+)-catechin units joined in sequence by (4beta->8)- and (4beta->6)-linkages. B. A organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 1,2,8,13-tetrahydro-3aH-benzo[b][1,3]oxazolo[3,2-f]phenanthridine which carries oxo groups at positions 2, 8 and 13, methyl group at position 5, hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 12, and a (2R)-butan-2-yl group at position 1. It is a mixture of epimers at the hemiaminal carbon (position 3a). C. A quassinoid that is the 3,15-di-O-acetyl derivative of bruceolide. It has been isolated from Brucea javanica and Brucea sumatrana. D. An abietane diterpenoid that is ent-abieta-2(3),13(15)-diene-16,12-olide substituted by beta-acetoxy groups at positions 1 and 7 and a beta-epoxy group across positions 8 and 14. Isolated from the leaves of Gelonium aequoreum, it exhibits moderate cytotoxicity against lung (A549), breast (MDAMB-231 and MCF7), and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,jadomycin A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81887 1_1_x8f2gxgp,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropogenic terrestrial biome'?","A. An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. B. A rangeland ecosystem which has reached its climactic successional state. C. A forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. D. An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,anthropogenic terrestrial biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000219 1_1_dokbj1lm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'short QT syndrome'?","A. A heart conduction disease that is characterized by uncoordinated electrical activity in the heart's upper chambers (the atria), which causes the heartbeat to become fast and irregular and has symptoms palpitations, weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness, confusion, shortness of breath and chest pain. B. A heart conduction disease that is characterized by dysfunction of the impulse-generating (pacemaker) tissue located in the right atrium of the heart which generates normal sinus rhythm. C. A heart conduction disease that is characterized by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. D. A heart conduction disease that is characterized by heart arrhythmia defined as a short QT interval on an EKG (less than 300 ms) that does not significantly change with heart rate, tall and peaked T waves, and a structurally normal heart.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,short QT syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050793 1_1_tusp10pc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'vaper identity'?","A. An identity in which a person represents themselves as a vaper. B. A self-identity that represents a relation between oneself and another person or group. C. A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as no longer having some positively appraised characteristic. D. An identity that includes all of a person’s self-identities",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,vaper identity,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000409 1_1_7ky6tzuv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of establishment of protein localization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell-cell junction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to endosome. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to centrosome.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of establishment of protein localization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070201 1_1_z5f2sy50,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Eating quality - measurement, human sensory analysis - '?","A. Human sensory analysis B. Weighting C. Apple sorting machine equipped with a camera sorts fruits by diameter and color D. Visual evaluation of fruit greasiness",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,"Eating quality - measurement, human sensory analysis - ",https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_370:0001000 1_1_1p1ntmau,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'signal group'?","A. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance. B. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording. C. A musical expression representing a group of signals, for example a set of masters resulting from a whole recording/mastering session. D. Libretto",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,signal group,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/SignalGroup 1_1_z29ibys7,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving chanoclavine-I aldehyde. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chanoclavine-I aldehyde metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900567 1_1_nz9w6hvg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fallopian tube gestational choriocarcinoma'?","A. A fallopian tube carcinoma that derives_from epithelial transitional cells. B. A fallopian tube carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. C. A fallopian tube carcinoma that derives_from squamous epithelial cells. D. A gestational choriocarcinoma that is located_in the fallopian tube.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,fallopian tube gestational choriocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8186 1_1_h7g9l1xw,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Artwork'?","A. An organization. B. Original comic artwork. C. A copy of a comic issue. D. A physical or digital item.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Artwork,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Artwork 1_1_ylzzlioc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fibrous dust'?","A. Dust which is composed of fibrous material. B. Dust which is derived from coal. C. Dust which is derived from mineral material. D. Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,fibrous dust,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000101 1_1_fbhft7l5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tropical rainforest biome'?","A. A marine coral reef biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. B. A littoral rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. C. A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. D. A tropical rainforest which is in its climactic successional state.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tropical rainforest biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001963 1_1_gwmjnn0s,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'beach'?","A. A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. B. A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. C. A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. D. A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,beach,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000091 1_1_65jsuntt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'museum technician or conservator'?","A. Teach academic, social, and life skills to secondary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. B. Perform site-specific engineering analysis or evaluation of energy efficiency and solar projects involving residential, commercial, or industrial customers. Design solar domestic hot water and space heating systems for new and existing structures, applying knowledge of structural energy requirements, local climates, solar technology, and thermodynamics. C. Restore, maintain, or prepare objects in museum collections for storage, research, or exhibit. May work with specimens such as fossils, skeletal parts, or botanicals; or artifacts, textiles, or art. May identify and record objects or install and arrange them in exhibits. Includes book or document conservators. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities designed to create or maintain a favorable public image or raise issue awareness for their organization or client.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,museum technician or conservator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25401300 1_1_7nah61gf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma'?","A. An adrenal medulla cancer that arises within the adrenal medulla, releasing epinephrines and norepinephrines hormones. B. A malignant pheochromocytoma that is characterized by overproduction of adrenaline. C. A sphingolipidosis characterized by the accumulation of sulfatides in cells, especially the myelin producing cells of the nervous system. D. A malignant pheochromocytoma that originate in the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system and are named based upon the primary anatomical site of origin.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050936 1_1_rqn075qn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'parkinson's disease process'?","A. a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination. B. A brief stroke (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction when the blood supply to this part of the brain is blocked C. a small class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system. D. A disorder of the nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,parkinson's disease process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000298 1_1_rknkh2gy,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lysophospholipid transport'?","A. The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids. C. The directed movement of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of D-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lysophospholipid transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051977 1_1_hr63m4kh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alizarin complexone'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid comprising 2-hydroxy-2H-pyran having two carboxy groups located at the 4- and 6-positions. B. A dihydroxyanthraquinone compound in which the hydroxy groups are at C-1 and C-2 and which has a bis[(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl substituent at the 3-position. C. A docosanoid that is (14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which a cysteinylglycinyl group is attached at position 13R via a sulfide linkage. D. A nocardicin in which the beta-lactam moiety is substituted at position 1 by a carboxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl group and at position 3 by a [(2Z)-2-(hydroxyimino)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]nitrilo group in which the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a (3S)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alizarin complexone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53088 1_1_4u8bz8cx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum'?","A. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a cardiac septum [Automatically generated definition]. B. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a interatrial septum [Automatically generated definition]. C. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of an interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition]. D. An area of conducting tissue between the atria and the ventricles of the heart that conducts the normal electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardiac muscle tissue of interatrial septum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004491 1_1_4m2mueh6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower montane'?","A. An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. B. An upper montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line. C. A lower montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately above mid-altitude forests. D. A storm is an environmental process in which an environmental system and the processes it participates in are strongly perturbed by external forcings. These forcings typically increase the rates of processes unfolding in the system, relative to their normal rates.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lower montane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000346 1_1_8opyt4nm,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dextran'?","A. An exopolysaccharide produced by the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, consisting of a 1,3-beta-D-glucan backbone with 1,6-beta-D-glucosyl side chains; a multipurpose compound applicable in many fields, including the food industry and pharmacy. B. An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine residues. C. A (1->6)-alpha-D-glucan which has extra branching consisting of (1->2), (1->3) or (1->4) linkages. D. An alpha-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->6) linkages.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dextran,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52071 1_1_w8fdx9d6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-ribose transmembrane transport'?","A. The process in which pentose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. A pentose is any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule. B. The process in which D-ribose is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose group of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12. C. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates and human functional neuroimaging. Its principal functions are related to perceptual-motor coordination (for directing eye movements and reaching) and visual attention. The IPS is also thought to play a role in other functions, including processing symbolic numerical information, visuospatial working memory and interpreting the intent of others. [WP,unvetted]. D. Any renal principal cell that is part of some papillary duct.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,D-ribose transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015752 1_1_33xrbgrj,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'striated muscle dense body'?","A. A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere. B. Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines. C. A structure at the distal end of a dendrite adapted to carry out a specific function, e.g. dendriole. D. The structure which joins the B1 protofilament of the B tubule to the A10 and A11 protofilaments of the A tubule within an axonemal microtubule doublet.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,striated muscle dense body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0055120 1_1_z5nl9hf8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'biotin synthase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: AH2 + ATP + S-sulfanyl-L-cysteinyl-[protein] + uridine(34) in tRNA = 2-thiouridine(34) in tRNA + A + AMP + diphosphate + H+ + L-cysteinyl-[protein]. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + dethiobiotin + S(2-) = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 L-methionine + biotin + H+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine + 2 sulfur + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine + 2 L-methionine + 2 5'-deoxyadenosyl. D. Catalysis of the reaction: thiosulfate + hydrogen cyanide = thiocyanate + sulfite + 2 H+.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,biotin synthase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004076 1_1_5yecgy35,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'triacylglycerol 57:0'?","A. A triglyceride in which the three acyl groups contain a total of 54 carbons and 5 double bonds. B. A triglyceride in which the three acyl groups contain a total of 57 carbons and no double bonds. C. A triglyceride in which the three acyl groups contain a total of 50 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. A triglyceride in which the three acyl groups contain a total of 55 carbons and 7 double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,triacylglycerol 57:0,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140897 1_1_mfgte12g,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'organism population'?","A. An aggregate of organisms of the same type. B. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. C. An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism. D. An abnormal material entity that is part of a patient and hypothesized to be clinically relevant.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,organism population,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000084 1_1_w1vthv82,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lactone'?","A. Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. B. Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. C. An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl. D. A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lactone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25000 1_1_88gzc5bd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mental health'?","A. The distribution of health-related services and information via electronic information and telecommunication technologies. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions B. The concept covering the physical and mental health conditions experienced by members of minority groups, usually related to social disadvantages or discriminatory acts. C. Emotional, psychological, and social well-being of an individual or group. D. The state of the reproductive system when functioning optimally without evidence of disease, disorders, or deficiencies.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,mental health,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008603 1_1_ziifjsti,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'holomictic lake'?","A. A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. B. A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. C. A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. D. A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,holomictic lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000285 1_1_hr3cbx9k,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of the force of heart contraction'?","A. The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine. B. Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction. C. A cardiac conduction process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled. D. Any process that decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of the force of heart contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098735 1_1_6ixjhvba,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cranial ganglion development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cranial ganglion development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061550 1_1_v61ircty,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'stress (emotion)'?","A. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence. B. A negative emotion in response to a stressful elicitor. May be acute or chronic. Associated with health implications, such as impaired resistance to infectious diseases. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative self-evaluative emotion that occurs when a person brings about a negative outcome by acts of commission or omission that violate internal or external moral standards. D. An emotion caused by encountering unexpected events.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,stress (emotion),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000029 1_1_porn2xaz,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'homocyclic compound'?","A. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. B. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. C. A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. D. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,homocyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33597 1_1_8apxlmiw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calcific stippling'?","A. Deposition of calcium salts in the retina. B. Radiographic evidence of articular calcification that represent calcium pyrophosphate depositions in soft tissue surrounding joints and at the insertions of tendons near joints (Entheses/Sharpey fibers) . C. An abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) pattern of calcifications in soft tissues within or surrounding bones (as observed on radiographs). D. Deposition of calcium salts in gonadal tissue.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Calcific stippling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002832 1_1_7mhcc9ug,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'preclinical manifestation of a disease'?","A. A manifestation of a disease that exists prior to the time at which it would be detected in a clinical history taking or physical examination, if the patient were to present to a clinician. A realization of a disease that exists prior to its becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. B. A quality of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. C. A manifestation of a disease that is detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. D. A quality in which complete clearance of the disorder is attained; however, physiological 'memory' may persist",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,preclinical manifestation of a disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000026 1_1_7vof4hnc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Maximum cranial length line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of skull representing width of mandible at gonial angles. B. Fiat anatomical line of head that bounds fiat subdivision of surface of skull or skull bone. C. Fiat anatomical line of skull traversing the longest dimension of skull vault along anterior-posterior axis. D. Fiat anatomical line of skull representing widest transverse dimension of skull vault.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Maximum cranial length line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312531 1_1_a2euff6c,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyosteoarthritis, unspecified'?","A. Childhood arthritis is any form of arthritis or arthritis-related conditions which affects individuals under the age of 16. B. infection and inflammation of the bone or bone marrow C. When water content of the body cartilage increases and the protein makeup of cartilage degenerates D. Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts during the natural formation of healthy bones",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"polyosteoarthritis, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000445 1_1_6j396ga4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bulbil yield'?","A. Yield of vine bulbils or aerial tubers harvest B. Total tuber yield adjusted tons per hectare C. Total tuber yield nonadjusted tons per hectare D. Vine cuttings planted",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Bulbil yield,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000120 1_1_qxeb7kch,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-37 + H2O = inosine-37 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule. B. The cell cycle phase, following prophase II, during which chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell as part of meiosis II. C. Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine + H2O = inosine + NH3, in a tRNA molecule. D. Catalysis of the reaction: adenosine-34 + H2O = inosine-34 + NH3, in a tRNA-Ala molecule.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052717 1_1_x69nwxdi,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'ED2K'?","A. Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network B. An audio file, which may be available on a local file system or through http, ftp, etc. C. Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,ED2K,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/ED2K 1_1_gopb5rie,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basal ganglia calcification'?","A. The presence of calcium deposition affecting one or more structures of the basal ganglia. B. Decreased size of the basal ganglia. C. The presence of calcium deposition in the cerebral white matter surrounding the cerebral ventricles. D. The presence of calcium deposition within the cerebrum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Basal ganglia calcification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002135 1_1_iyqvgrzf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'atmospheric weather'?","A. Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. B. Weather which inheres in outer space. C. A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits size variation or change. D. Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,atmospheric weather,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001079 1_1_ag02db9e,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyramidal neuron'?","A. An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. B. Pyramidal neurons have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their region. Pyramidal neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. C. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. D. A neuron of the hippocampus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,pyramidal neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000598 1_1_ig4ebh00,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'magnetite'?","A. Magnetite is a ferrimagnetic mineral with chemical formula Fe3O4, one of several iron oxides and a member of the spinel group. [Wikipedia] B. The majority of minerals are non-metallic, i.e., they are not elemental minerals which are of metal elements or alloys of metals. [Wikipedia] C. A mineral is a naturally occurring solid formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties [Wikipedia] D. Hematite, also spelled as hæmatite, is the mineral form of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. Hematite crystallizes in the rhombohedral system, and it has the same crystal structure as ilmenite and as corundum. Hematite is a mineral, colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red. It is mined as the main ore of iron [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,magnetite,http://sweetontology.net/matrMineral/Magnetite 1_1_4q88bngj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'GZinc Measurement'?","A. Standard method for grain zinc content. B. Standard method for sedimentation index. C. Standard method for leaf pubescence length. D. 1. A 7-gram sample of ground wheat or flour is weighed and combined with 25 milliliter of distilled water in a glass falling number tube with a stirrer and shaken to form a slurry. When grinding a wheat sample to perform a falling number test, it should be at least 300 grams to assure a representative sample, 2. As the slurry is heated in a boiling water bath at 100° Centigrade and stirred constantly, the starch gelatinizes and forms a thick paste, 3. The time it takes the stirrer to drop through the paste is recorded as the falling number value.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,GZinc Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000404 1_1_aad4o5ws,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'dGMP salvage'?","A. Any process which produces a dGMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. B. Any process which produces a dIMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. C. Any process which produces a dAMP from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,dGMP salvage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0106384 1_1_hd7gjqn4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'borehole'?","A. A bored, drilled or driven shaft, or a dug hole, whose depth is greater than the largest surface dimension. B. An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly through the air (or through any other atmosphere). All the human activity which surrounds aircraft is called aviation. (Most rocket vehicles are not aircraft because they are not supported by the surrounding air). C. A borehole is the generalised term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A borehole may be constructed for many different purposes including the extraction of water or fluid (such as oil) or gases (such as natural gas or methane), as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental site assessment, for mineral exploration, or as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities. D. Phreatic eruption is an explosion that follows the transformation of groundwater into steam. No incandescent or juvenile material is erupted.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,borehole,http://sweetontology.net/matrEquipment/Borehole 1_1_lgm97fth,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'HA Binder_7c'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3. B. Conjugate base of bkos#22 C. A metabolite of aflatoxin B1 D. 310 helical peptide with hyaluronic acid binding domains",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,HA Binder_7c,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_190685 1_1_qpdlujfa,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046673 1_1_fmgnqt0x,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Negated_Atom'?","A. The role of something used in a (mental) reasoning/inference process B. An LKIF rule, based on swrl:Impl C. An atom is the most basic (undivisible) part of an LKIF rule (cf. Deliverable 1.1) D. A negated atom is the negation of some other atom (cf. Deliverable 1.1)",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Negated_Atom,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/lkif-rules.owl#Negated_Atom 1_1_lhqadvmu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cobblestone-like hyperkeratosis'?","A. A form of hyperkeratosis characterized by thickening of the cornified layer without retained nuclei. B. Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (HLP), also known as Flegel disease, is a keratinization abnormality characterized by small, asymptomatic erythematous papules that leave characteristic punctate bleeding when they become detached. The lesions generally occur symmetrically along the top of the foot and on the legs, appearing more rarely on the arms, forearms, palms, and soles, and even on the oral mucosa. C. The presence of verrucous, cobblestone-like papules and nodules in a region of skin that is said to have an appearance like that of cobblestones. D. Increased amount of keratin (visible as white scales) surrounding hair follicles.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Cobblestone-like hyperkeratosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031288 1_1_wvl57ykx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'well injection'?","A. 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. B. The subsurface emplacement of ‘fluids’ through a bored, drilled, or driven ‘well’, or through a dug well, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension. C. _:743 D. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,well injection,http://sweetontology.net/humanEnvirControl/WellInjection 1_1_awcf7zrj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Collection procedure'?","A. OVERALL APPEARANCE/SHAPE OF CROWN OF PARENT TREE. B. Which procedure was used to collect nuts ? C. If tissue culture was used, at which stage and for which purpose? D. Precision of number of palms or area that palms occupy.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Collection procedure,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000582 1_1_xa7xovth,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'OPL v1.0'?","A. A licensed is a free license according to GNU if the users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. A program is free software if users have all of these freedoms. Thus, you should be free to redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to anyone anywhere. Being free to do these things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay for permission to do so. “Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free program must be available for commercial use, commercial development, and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important. You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to sell copies. B. MIACA Full Copyright is a vendor-specific license which allows the document it references to be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the MIACA Standards Initiative or other organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing MIACA Standards Initiative Recommendations in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the MIACA Document process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. C. OPL v1.0 is not a free software license according to the definition of the GNU Project because it requires sending every published modified version to a specific initial developer. D. Genomic data analyses requires integrated visualization of known genomic information and new experimental data. GenomeGraphs uses the biomaRt package to perform live annotation queries to Ensembl and translates this to e.g. gene/transcript structures in viewports of the grid graphics package. This results in genomic information plotted together with your data. Another strength of GenomeGraphs is to plot different data types such as array CGH, gene expression, sequencing and other data, together in one plot using the same genome coordinate system.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,OPL v1.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_9000087 1_1_hb1uppm2,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'line squall'?","A. The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. B. Severe squalls during the change of seasons in October and November in Arabia. C. A squall that occurs along a squall line. This term is now confined mostly to nautical usage. D. A squally northwesterly wind, cold, humid, and showery, that occurs in the rear of a low pressure area over the English Channel and off the Atlantic coast of France and northern Spain.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,line squall,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/LineSquall 1_1_57vzr72a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervical adenoid cystic carcinoma'?","A. A cervix carcinoma that is located_in the exocervix. B. A cervix carcinoma that has_material_basis_in epithelium and is characterized by the presence of small, well differentiated, rounded nests of basaloid cells. C. A cervix carcinoma that is characterized by its resemblance to adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. It shows pseudoglandular, cribriform-like and tubular patterns containing basement membrane-like material. Cytologically, the nuclei are angulated and hyperchromatic, without prominent nucleoli. D. A cervical cancer that is located_in the cervix uteri or located_in the cervical area and that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from epithelial cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cervical adenoid cystic carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4867 1_1_vfpigppq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Case Study'?","A. Research project that uses or collects measurements or assessments about humans. B. An uncontrolled observational study containing a detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). C. Research conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which an investigator directly interacts with human subjects; includes development of new technologies, study of mechanisms of human diseases, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiologic, behavior, and health services research. D. A human study of diseases in populations of humans or other animals, specifically how, when and where they occur. Epidemiological studies can never prove causation, epidemiological evidence can only show that this risk factor is correlated with a higher incidence of disease in the population exposed to that risk factor. The higher the correlation the more certain the association, but it cannot prove the causation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Case Study,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C15362 1_1_2s2bh6hk,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'release status'?","A. A specific release, with barcode, box, liner notes, cover art, and a number of records B. This entity is related to the edition/production/publication of a musical expression (musical manifestation are closely related with the music industry (their terms, concepts, definitions, methods (production, publication, etc.), etc.) From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials, including manuscripts, books, periodicals, maps, posters, sound recordings, films, video recordings, CD-ROMs, multimedia kits, etc. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form. Work #1 J. S. Bach's Six suites for unaccompanied cello * Expression #1 sound issued during the performance by Janos Starker recorded in 1963 and 1965 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1965 by Mercury o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1991 by Mercury * Expression #2 sound issued during the performances by Yo-Yo Ma recorded in 1983 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1983 by CBS Records o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1992 by CBS Records Changes that occur deliberately or even inadvertently in the production process that affect the copies result, strictly speaking, in a new manifestation. A manifestation resulting from such a change may be identified as a particular ""state"" or ""issue"" of the publication. Changes that occur to an individual copy after the production process is complete (e.g., the loss of a page, rebinding, etc.) are not considered to result in a new manifestation. That copy is simply considered to be an exemplar (or item) of the manifestation that deviates from the copy as produced. With the entity defined as manifestation we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items and the characteristics associated with the production and distribution of that set of items that may be important factors in enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their physical needs and constraints, and to identify and acquire a copy of that manifestation. Defining manifestation as an entity also enables us to draw relationships between specific manifestations of a work. We can use the relationships between manifestations to identify, for example, the specific publication that was used to create a microreproduction. C. Musical manifestation release status. D. A published libretto",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,release status,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/ReleaseStatus 1_1_rdx4rzc9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain Yield (Qualitative)'?","A. None B. Number of panicles harvested from the plot that are different from sown variety C. Number of empty or missing panicles due to bird or insect damage D. None",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain Yield (Qualitative),https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_327:0000229 1_1_gowq013e,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transfer of Custody'?","A. This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite, and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises transfers of the physical custody or the legal responsibility for the physical custody of objects. The recording of the donor or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of custody (there is no previous custodian) 2. the end of custody (there is no subsequent custodian) 3. the transfer of custody (transfer from one custodian to the next) 4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source (the previous custodian is unknown) 5. the declared loss of an object (the current or subsequent custodian is unknown) In the event that only a single kind of transfer of custody occurs, either the legal responsibility for the custody or the actual physical possession of the object but not both, this difference should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). The sense of physical possession requires that the object of custody be in the hands of the keeper at least with a part representative for the whole. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The interpretation of the museum notion of ""accession"" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. Theft is a specific case of illegal transfer of custody.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E10 Transfer of Custody,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E10_Transfer_of_Custody 1_1_ol573wje,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition'?","A. The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body. B. A bone element that is part of a jaw region. C. Most of the efferent fibers leaving the stomatogastric ganglion and leading to the gastric mill or pyloric stomach muscles run posteriorly in the dorsal median ventricular nerve. This nerve branches bilaterally into the right and left lateral ventricular nerves (LVN) which go to their respective sides of the stomach. D. A process in which force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060083 1_1_32pfaa8h,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'retina layer formation'?","A. The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. B. The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia. C. Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels. D. The formation of anterior end of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,retina layer formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010842 1_1_di7xesd1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'nanaomycin A'?","A. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. B. A pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotic from strain OS-3966 of Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis. C. An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. D. A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is 7-(2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)heptanoic acid in which the imidazoline ring as substituted at position 3 by a 3-(3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxypropyl) group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,nanaomycin A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48202 1_1_ph3ma6ve,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit butter, jelly, preserve or related product (us cfr)'?","A. A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. B. Fruit in all forms; includes fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products. C. Jelled product made from one or more fruit juices and optional ingredients. Includes both fruit jelly, which may be sweetened with nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners, (21 CFR 150.140), and artificially sweetened fruit jelly (21 CFR 150.141). The finished fruit jelly must have a soluble solid content of no less than 65% and the ratio by weight of the fruit ingredient to sweetener in the starting mixture must be no less than 45:55. Artificially sweetened fruit jelly must contain no less than 55% fruit ingredient by weight. D. Semisolid or jelled food prepared from fruit or fruit juice and other ingredients prescribed for the individual products (21 CFR 150).",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,"fruit butter, jelly, preserve or related product (us cfr)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400155 1_1_5ybtzexw,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. B. Surprise with a positive valence C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044641 1_1_vzd6wtac,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phloem sap'?","A. A phloem sap that is located in the shoot system . B. A plant sap that is an aqueous solution which may contain sugars, mineral elements, and plant hormones, and is transported through the phloem sieve elements . C. A plant sap that is an aqueous solution which may contain mineral elements, nutrients, and plant hormones, and is transported from the root system toward the leaves through the tracheary elements of the xylem. D. A portion of plant substance that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast or symplast .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phloem sap,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025540 1_1_0rap3n7r,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchial vein'?","A. The interlobar veins are veins of the renal circulation which drain the renal lobes. B. Either of the veins which collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein. C. A continuation of the Dorsal venous arch of the foot and is the origin of the short saphenous vein. D. The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. The veins, however, do not return all of the blood supplied by the arteries; much of the blood that is carried in the bronchial arteries is returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. [WP,unvetted].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bronchial vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001592 1_1_as2e1rr6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily heroin injecting'?","A. A dual product user who particpates in use of both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes every day. B. A behaviour pattern involving a vaping product. C. A heroin use behaviour pattern that involves injecting heroin into the body at least once per day. D. An opioid use behaviour pattern that involves use of heroin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily heroin injecting,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000656 1_1_jlxol471,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'product population-level harm potential'?","A. Product harm potential from a population using a product. B. A product disposition that is realised as harm processes resulting from its use. C. Product harm potential from an individual using the product. D. A psychoactive substance disposition that is its propensity to lead people who use the substance to develop a harmful pattern of consumption.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,product population-level harm potential,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001121 1_1_c7vzn11r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alzheimer's DP with late onset'?","A. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities. B. characterized by clinical symptoms and signs of AD that become apparent after the age of 60. C. Other form of Alzheimer's disease (diseases where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over time) D. Unspecified loss of memory, language,and other thinking abilities in a patient with Alzheimer's",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,alzheimer's DP with late onset,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000300 1_1_wqp54bao,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'chimó'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which raw tobacco leaf is powdered, flaked or sold in bundles of several long strands. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried or fermented coarsely cut tobacco leaves are mixed with slaked lime and sometimes areca nut to create a flaky form. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients (that vary according to region) to create a tobacco-based paste. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,chimó,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000966 1_1_ary0t1ht,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem breakage class'?","A. Percent resistant plants to downy mildew (plasmopara halstedii) race 5 B. Estimation of the amount of broken plant stem on the plot. range from 0 to 10 where 0 = 0% and 10 = 100% C. Estimation of stem area affected by albugo stem spot D. Leaf venation",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem breakage class,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000861 1_1_te3o97gk,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'airport concourse'?","A. An industrial building which is used to store goods. B. An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. C. A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. D. An industrial building which provides travelers with access to airplanes.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,airport concourse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501124 1_1_1bnjlz0n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'arterial blood'?","A. A blood that is part of a vein. B. Blood located in the placenta. C. A blood that is part of a artery. D. A blood that is part of a capillary.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,arterial blood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013755 1_1_3ykw1h7a,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nurse midwive'?","A. Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods. B. Teach courses in communications, such as organizational communications, public relations, radio/television broadcasting, and journalism. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Apply principles of psychology to human resources, administration, management, sales, and marketing problems. Activities may include policy planning; employee testing and selection, training, and development; and organizational development and analysis. May work with management to organize the work setting to improve worker productivity. D. Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,nurse midwive,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29116100 1_1_rsa89po9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal bleeding'?","A. An abnormal susceptibility to bleeding, often referred to as a bleeding diathesis. A bleeding diathesis may be related to vascular, platelet and coagulation defects. B. An abnormality of the hematopoietic system. C. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising (purpura, petechiae, or ecchymoses). D. Recurrent or excessive bleeding from the mouth.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal bleeding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001892 1_1_8vf93ofx,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Issue'?","A. An issue of a comic publication. B. A comics publication. C. A single issue or group of issues published in a comic series. D. A comic publication containing one or more volumes and issues.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Issue,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Issue 1_1_cp3jx1i5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'clavicle pre-cartilage condensation'?","A. A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. B. A radius-ulna endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a ulna. D. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a clavicle.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,clavicle pre-cartilage condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010844 1_1_7wac1fs1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'local wind'?","A. A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges. B. Small-scale downward moving air current in a cumulonimbus cloud. C. 1. Winds that, over a small area, differ from those that would be appropriate to the general large-scale pressure distribution, or that possess some other peculiarity. Often these winds have names unique to the area where they occur. Local winds may be classified into three main groups. The first includes diurnally varying airflows that are driven by local gradients of surface heat flux (e.g., near the shore of a sea or lake) or by diurnal heating or cooling of the ground surface in areas of sloping or mountainous terrain. These include land and sea breezes, mountain?valley circulations, and drainage and slope winds. The second group consists of winds produced by the interaction of a synoptic-scale flow with orography. These may be further subdivided into barrier jets, gap winds, downslope windstorms, and include such local phenomena as the tehuantepecer, Santa Ana, foehn, mistral, and bora. The third group includes those winds accompanying convective activity, more specifically individual thunderstorms or mesoscale convective systems. These are generally the surface manifestations of precipitation- cooled diverging outflow and in some locations are given special names due to the distinctive character of the weather associated with them (e.g., the haboob). 2. Local or colloquial names given to frequently occurring or particularly noteworthy winds (sometimes because of the bad weather associated with them), usually from a certain direction. Often these names reflect the direction from which the wind comes (e.g., sou'wester, nor'easter). D. A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,local wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/LocalWind 1_1_truswq9g,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in heart morphogenesis. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid gland epithelial cell proliferation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050680 1_1_lspp0nbl,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'extended organism'?","A. An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism. B. An abnormal material entity that is part of a patient and hypothesized to be clinically relevant. C. A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. D. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,extended organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000087 1_1_nqgcx8i3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender stereotype'?","A. Conventional, formulaic generalizations, opinions, or images based on people who are lesbians. B. Conventional, formulaic generalizations, opinions, or images based on the sexual orientations or gender identities of LGBTQIA+ people. Stereotypical perceptions may be acquired through interactions with parents, teachers, peers and mass media, or, more generally, through a lack of firsthand familiarity, resulting in an increased reliance on generalizations. C. Conventional, formulaic generalizations, opinions, or images based on people who are transgender. D. Quantifiable characteristics of a population which researchers use as supporting evidence for describing the health of a population.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender stereotype,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008973 1_1_ttgzn7db,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stellate iris'?","A. A lacy pattern or iris pigmentation that resembles the spokes of a bicycle wheel. B. Abnormal pigmentation of the iris. C. Shedding of the pigment granules that normally adhere to the back of the iris into the aqueous humor. D. Transmission of light through the iris as visualized upon slit lamp examination or infrared iris transillumination videography. The light passes through defects in the pigmentation of the iris.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Stellate iris,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012775 1_1_6c3mv9jt,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'orbital cellulitis'?","A. An acute orbital inflammation that is characterized by painful orbital mass and has_symptom eyelid edema, has_symptom erythema, has_symptom chemiosis, has_symptom proptosis, has_symptom blurred vision, has_symptom headache, has_symptom fever and has_symptom double vision. B. An acute orbital inflammation that is characterized by inflammation of the capsule of Tenon. C. An acute orbital inflammation that is characterized by inflammation of the periosteum of the orbit. D. An acute orbital inflammation that is characterized by inflammation of the medullary cavity of orbital bone that eventually spreads to the periosteum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,orbital cellulitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11234 1_1_14fm904v,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'purine'?","A. The 3H-tautomer of purine. B. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. C. A heterobicyclic aromatic organic compound comprising a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring; the parent compound of the purines. D. An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,purine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35584 1_1_dwipcgf0,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Potestative_Right'?","A. A potestative right is an enabling power which is meant to benefit the holder of the power. For example, if some animal y does not belong to anybody, then x has the potestative-right to start x’s ownership of the animal, by capturing y. B. An enabling power is used in cases where the law aims at enabling some agent to produce an effect in a particular way. C. A hohfeldian power covers any action which determines a legal effect. D. When, for the benefit of a person, this person is both permitted to perform and to omit an action – that is, when the action is facultative – we can say that he or she has a liberty right with regard to that action.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Potestative_Right,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Potestative_Right 1_1_rzpw4rs9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cocaine addiction'?","A. An addiction that is to a substance containing cocaine. B. Addiction to a tobacco-containing product. C. Addiction to use of a nicotine-containing product. D. A mental disposition towards repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cocaine addiction,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001059 1_1_afien98d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seed trichome'?","A. A trichome that develops from seed coat epidermis. B. A trichome that is part of a shoot axis epidermis. C. A trichome that is a single plant cell . D. A trichome that is part of a phyllome epidermis.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seed trichome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004511 1_1_oi5kcygy,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cloacal bursa'?","A. An organ subunit in the skin that gives rise to cutaneous appendage. B. An evagination of the cloaca. In Testudines these are hypothesized to function in different physiological roles, primarily in respiration. C. Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). D. Any of the metabolic zones found in the liver. Liver tissue is heterogenous at the level of morphometry and histochemistry. This heterogeneity is linked to the position of a cell within the functional unit of the tissue, which, in turn, is related to the blood supply: cells located in the upstream zone differ from those in the downstream zone with respect to subcellular structures, key enzymes, translocators, and receptors and, therefore, have different metabolic capacities. This is the basis for 'metabolic zonation', a concept first proposed in mammals for carbohydrate metabolism and later expanded to include amino acid and ammonia metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, protective metabolism, and formation of plasma proteins.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cloacal bursa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011510 1_1_4198lsjz,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Partial duplication of the phalanges of the 5th finger'?","A. Partial duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand, seen on x-rays as a broad and/or bifid phalanx. B. A partial duplication, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance, affecting one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger. As opposed to a complete duplication there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones. C. Partial or complete duplication of the fifth middle phalanx of hand. D. This term applies if one or more of the phalanges of the 5th finger are either partially duplicated, depending on severity leading to a broad or bifid appearance of the phalanges, or completely duplicated.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Partial duplication of the phalanges of the 5th finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009987 1_1_qqw5uerm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Long plantar ligament'?","A. Thyrohyoid ligament, each instance of which is a central, thicker part of some thyrohyoid membrane; its broader upper part is attached to the body of some hyoid bone and its narrow lower end to the superior incisure of some thyroid cartilage. B. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart. C. Plantar tarsal ligament, each intstance of which is a ligament arising from the lower surface of some calcaneus as far back as the lateral and the medial processes, passing forward over the tendon of some fibularis longus, and inserting into the bases of some second through fifth metatarsal bones. D. General anatomical term which refers to ovary or testis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Long plantar ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44248 1_1_s1yp1n0g,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'platelet-type bleeding disorder 16'?","A. A blood platelet disease characterized by enhanced binding of von Willebrand factor by the platelet glycoprotein Ib receptor complex that has_material_basis_in mutation in the GP1BA gene on chromosome 17p13.2. B. A blood platelet disease characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of epistaxis, spontaneous hematomas, severe thrombocytopenia, menorrhagia, ovarian cyst ruptures, and abnormal megakaryocytic clusters that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PRKACG gene on chromosome 9q21. C. A blood platelet disease characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance with macrothrombocytopenia, platelet anisocytosis, prolonged bleeding time but only mildly increased bleeding tendency that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ITGA2B gene on chromosome 17q21.31 or the ITGB3 gene on chromosome 17q21.32. D. A blood platelet disease characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of delayed onset bleeding after challenge, moderate to severe bleeding tendencies, frequent ecchymoses, mucocutaneous bleeding, muscle and joint bleeds and platelet alpha-granule degradation that has_material_basis_in heterozygous tandem duplication of the PLAU gene on chromosome 10q22.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,platelet-type bleeding disorder 16,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060691 1_1_y0hvqciy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell apoptotic process.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904651 1_1_cej3l3iu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenteric artery'?","A. Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines. B. Mesenteric artery that supplies the whole length of the small intestine except the superior part of the duodenum. It also supplies the cecum and the ascending part of the colon and about half the transverse part of the colon. It arises from the anterior surface of the aorta below the celiac artery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. C. An artery that originates from the abdominal aorta. D. The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesenteric artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005616 1_1_eocsy47e,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'flowUtils'?","A. This package provides utilities for flow cytometry data. B. Processing Mass Spectrometry spectrum by using wavelet based algorithm C. Analyze microarray data D. Functions to computationally simulate the AP-MS technology based on wet-lab data.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,flowUtils,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000542 1_1_3nzy5lwq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitral valve cusp'?","A. The three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the aortic valve. B. The three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve. C. The two fibrous components and associated flaps of the mitral valve. D. The three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mitral valve cusp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005996 1_1_612xfc4i,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'follow-up examination after other treatment for other conditions'?","A. unirary device needs replacement B. Follow-up examination after other treatment for other conditions C. Encounter for other specified aftercare D. Encounter for fitting and adjustment of extracorporeal dialysis catheter",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,follow-up examination after other treatment for other conditions,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000392 1_1_oo444jeq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dermis adipose tissue'?","A. An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. B. Connective tissue consisting of fat-storing cells and arranged in lobular groups or along minor blood vessels[MP,modified]. C. A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. D. The mammary fat is an adipose structure in the gland that is invaded by the mammary ducts.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dermis adipose tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003426 1_1_b4otlngv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sacrotuberous ligament'?","A. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts two or more lymphatic chains; together with other lymphatic organ part trees constitutes a lymphatic tree organ. Examples: subclavian lymphatic tree, right lumbar lymphatic tree. B. Branch of left coronary artery which runs perpendicular to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on the left side of the interventricular sulcus and supplies the left side of the heart. C. Vertebropelvic ligament, each instance of which is a large, flat band that is attached below to some ischial tuberosity, spreads out as it ascends, and is attached to the lateral margins of some sacrum and some coccyx and to some posterior inferior iliac spine; tt forms a boundary of some greater and lesser sciatic foramen. D. Vertebropelvic ligament, each instance of which is a triangular-shaped fibrous band with its apex attached to the spine of some ischium and with its base to the lateral part of some sacrum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Sacrotuberous ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma21479 1_1_0eadivuu,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dominican'?","A. A person having origins in the original peoples of the Indian sub-continent. B. A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. C. Denotes the inhabitants of the Dominican Republic, a person from there, or their descendants elsewhere. D. A person of Central or South American culture or origin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Dominican,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000142 1_1_26bznbs0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kame'?","A. Rock glaciers are distinctive geomorphological landforms of blocky detritus which may extend outward and downslope from talus cones or from glaciers or the terminal moraines of glaciers. [Wikipedia] B. An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depresson on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited with further melting.[Wikipedia] C. A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. D. A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams of meltwater and deposits on the outwash plain at the terminus of the glacier.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kame,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/Kame 1_1_r187q2iu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhizosphere'?","A. An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. B. An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. C. Water which is part of a stream. D. The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,rhizosphere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005801 1_1_rypa6wnh,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'expression'?","A. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology. B. A word or group of words whose meaning is defined in a formal and precise manner by means of a specific concept. E.g.: opening sentence, rebuttal, impeachment. C. Any version of a FRBR Work whose content is specified and different from others for any reason: language, versions, etc. E.g.: act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006. D. An institution or recognizable group of individuals. Organizations can be formal or informal, have a strong degree of internal organization or be completely anarchic, have their own name or be anonymous, have their own legal status or be impromptu groups E.g.: the workers’ union, France, the Socialist party, the proponents of bill 103/32, the President of the Italian Republic.",C,1_1,legal/allot,expression,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRExpression 1_1_bfv0ut6i,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parageusia'?","A. An abnormality of the nervous system. B. A functional abnormality of the immune system. C. any anomaly in the concentration of the subclass of sphingoid base derivatives with an amide-linked fatty acid, where the fatty acids are typically saturated or monounsaturated with chain lengths from 14 to 26 carbon atoms D. A distortion of the sense of taste, often characterized by the sensation of a metallic taste.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Parageusia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031249 1_1_3uniuyap,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial membrane'?","A. The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. B. The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. C. Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. D. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mitochondrial membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031966 1_1_vi2iwu7p,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant vigour'?","A. The number of plants in an area. B. The amount in dry weight basis of grain that was harvested per unit area or plant. C. The total number of tillers per area. D. The vigour of the plant.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant vigour,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000503 1_1_735shjcs,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling of need'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. B. A feeling of desire that involves anticipated pleasure or satisfaction from an imagined state of affairs. C. Violence is aggression that has extreme physical harm as its goal. [Source: OCEAS] D. A feeling of desire that involves anticipated relief from mental or physical discomfort.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling of need,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000222 1_1_6dk3oeqr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete k-nearest neighbour classification'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete k-nearest neighbour classification,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000589 1_1_y5jnra8l,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'dolichol phosphate mannose biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrate derivative. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrocidine. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol phosphate mannose.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,dolichol phosphate mannose biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0180047 1_1_g0g0jj6n,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'female germ line stem cell'?","A. A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. B. A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes. C. A stem cell that is the precursor of female gametes. D. One of two small cells formed by the first and second meiotic division of oocytes.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,female germ line stem cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000022 1_1_f21uaoyu,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 14'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q21. B. Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (EOAD) is a progressive dementia with reduction of cognitive functions. EOAD presents the same phenotype as sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) but has an early age of onset, usually before 60 years old. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q25. D. Alzheimer's disease with an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN2 gene.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 14,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012631 1_1_wj99wtrr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CHP binary format'?","A. BPMAP is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The BPMAP format contains information relating to the design of the Affymetrix tiling arrays. B. CEL binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where values are stored in little-endian format. The CEL format stores the results of the intensity calculations on the pixel values of the DAT file. This includes an intensity value, standard deviation of the intensity, the number of pixels used to calculate the intensity value, a flag to indicate an outlier as calculated by the algorithm and a user defined flag indicating the feature should be excluded from future analysis. The file stores the previously stated data for each feature on the probe array. C. The CDF binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix was created for faster access and smaller file size in comparison to the CDF ASCII format. The values in the file are stored in little-endian format. CDF binary format describes the layout for an Affymetrix GeneChip array. An array may contain Expression, Genotyping, CustomSeq, Copy Number and/or Tag probe sets. All probe set names within an array are unique. Multiple copies of a probe set may exist on a single array as long as each copy has a unique name. D. CHP binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix, stored in little-endian format and used to store expression, resequencing and genotyping results from algorithms implemented in the GCOS 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 and BRLMM Analysis Tool software applications.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CHP binary format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100122 1_1_0uv7g4rl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'distributed'?","A. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. B. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up. C. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's layered configuration. D. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being situated at right angles to the horizon.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,distributed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001566 1_1_xsrsdrgm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant susceptibility to Podosphaera aphanis powdery mildew'?","A. The plant susceptibility to leaf blight caused by Phomopsis obscurans. B. The plant susceptibility to powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera aphanis. C. The plant resistance to leaf scorch caused by Diplocarpon earliana. D. The plant resistance to powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera aphanis.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant susceptibility to Podosphaera aphanis powdery mildew,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000108 1_1_3tif1pmt,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'rain shadow'?","A. A northerly wind; in general, a cold windstorm from the north. B. In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force. C. A nautical term for the equatorial trough, with special reference to the light and variable nature of the winds. D. A region of sharply reduced precipitation on the lee side of an orographic barrier, as compared with regions upwind of the barrier.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,rain shadow,http://sweetontology.net/realmClimateZone/RainShadow 1_1_vdih9ay8,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant height'?","A. The color of the seed B. Girth of the panicle C. Length of the panicle from the base of the panicle to the tip of the panicle D. Length of the main stalk from the base of the stalk to the tip of the panicle",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant height,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_327:0000057 1_1_th7w67z1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'seismic zone'?","A. Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] B. A location where belts of high pressure, low temperature metamorphism on the oceanic side are associated with belts of high pressure, high temperature metamorphism on the continent side. [Wikipedia] C. A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. [Wikipedia] D. In geology, geothermal refers to heat sources within the planet. Strictly speaking, geo-thermal necessarily refers to the Earth but the concept may be applied to other planets. Geothermal is technically an adjective (e.g., geothermal energy) but in U.S. English the word has attained frequent use as a noun (otherwise expressed as g. heat, g. source, or geotherm). The planet's internal heat was originally generated during its accretion, due to gravitational binding energy, and since then additional heat has continued to be generated by the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, thorium, and potassium. The heat flow from the interior to the surface is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,seismic zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/SeismicZone 1_1_jrot39h9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'anther wall middle layer'?","A. A portion of ground tissue that has as parts stereid cells and no other cell types. B. A portion of ground tissue which comprises supporting tissue composed of plant fiber cells or sclereid cells . C. A portion of ground tissue directly internal to an anther wall endothecium that develops from an anther wall secondary parietal cell layer . D. A portion of ground tissue that is the inner most layer of a cortex and has a casparian strip in its anticlinal cell walls.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,anther wall middle layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004700 1_1_nmo67mjh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plot weight'?","A. Blade count B. Weight of all individuals in the entire plot C. Weight of all individuals in all sampled subplots (1cm subsamples) D. The count of the number of sampled subplots (1cm subsamples)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plot weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_360:0000272 1_1_mwfmj5sz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'dietitian or nutritionist'?","A. Research and study cellular molecules and organelles to understand cell function and organization. B. Plan and conduct food service or nutritional programs to assist in the promotion of health and control of disease. May supervise activities of a department providing quantity food services, counsel individuals, or conduct nutritional research. C. Observe, research, and interpret astronomical phenomena to increase basic knowledge or apply such information to practical problems. D. Diagnose and perform surgery to treat fetal abnormalities and birth defects, diseases, and injuries in fetuses, premature and newborn infants, children, and adolescents. Includes all pediatric surgical specialties and subspecialties.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,dietitian or nutritionist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29103100 1_1_437v1wfb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'secretory granule'?","A. A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme. B. A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. C. A secretory granule that contains mucin. D. A cytoplasmic, membrane bound vesicle that is capable of fusing to the plasma membrane to release its contents into the extracellular space.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,secretory granule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030141 1_1_khk39r1v,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-alpha-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of alpha-glucans.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of (1->3)-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070606 1_1_ijfxydnk,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'territorial aggressive behavior'?","A. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. B. A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual. C. Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics. D. Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,territorial aggressive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002124 1_1_q8112057,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sulfite'?","A. A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. B. A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. C. A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). D. An S-substituted L-cysteine where the S-substituent is specified as sulfanyl.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sulfite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17359 1_1_72yuxd7g,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ensheathed tendon cluster'?","A. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster of synovial tendon sheath surrounding segment of a tendon or group of tendon. B. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts jaw, gingiva of jaw C. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of two or more organ subclasses and one or more organ part subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: larynx, internal ear, pharynx. D. heteregenous anatomical cluster which has as its parts periodontium, alveolar bone of maxilla or mandible, cement of tooth and region of gingiva around the tooth.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Ensheathed tendon cluster,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321985 1_1_wpsvds9i,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'heterogenous rock'?","A. A heterogeneous or conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual stones that have become cemented together. Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts.[1] Both conglomerates and breccias are characterized by clasts larger than sand (>2 mm). [Wikipedia] B. A descriptive measure of radiation in terms of the temperature of a hypothetical blackbody emitting an identical amount of radiation at the same wavelength. C. In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants disseminate seeds. D. One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution [wicktionary]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,heterogenous rock,http://sweetontology.net/matrRock/HeterogenousRock 1_1_w6vzfod4,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Identifier Assignment'?","A. This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period. The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement, or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that is relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality. An instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as ""carbon-14 dating"" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query. Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for) should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E15 Identifier Assignment,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E15_Identifier_Assignment 1_1_sh923cee,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myoclonic seizure'?","A. A myoclonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction of muscles or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus. B. A type of focal motor seizure characterized by sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Myoclonus is less regularly repetitive and less sustained than is clonus. C. A sudden flexion, extension, or mixed extension-flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles that is usually more sustained than a myoclonic movement but not as sustained as a tonic seizure. Limited forms may occur: Grimacing, head nodding, or subtle eye movements. Epileptic spasms frequently occur in clusters. Infantile spasms are the best known form, but spasms can occur at all ages D. A tonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by unilateral or bilateral limb stiffening or elevation, often with neck stiffening.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Myoclonic seizure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032794 1_1_7anw4jbs,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior wall of right ventricle'?","A. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. B. Region of wall of right ventricle which has as its parts the mural and septal limbs of supraventricular crest. C. Region of wall of right ventricle which has as its parts the anterior, lateral and inferior walls of the right ventricle and is continuous with the septal wall of right ventricle. D. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the free wall of right ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior wall of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9553 1_1_majb390d,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect thoracic segment'?","A. Any insect segment that is part of some embryo. B. Any segment (UBERON:6000003) that is part of some larval thorax (UBERON:6001741). C. Any segment (UBERON:6000003) that is part of some thorax (UBERON:6000015). D. Any segment that is part of some insect head.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,insect thoracic segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6000016 1_1_1qsbeiry,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'human resources assistant, except payroll or timekeeping'?","A. Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file employment records, or search employee files and furnish information to authorized persons. B. Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests. C. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul mobile mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic equipment, such as cranes, bulldozers, graders, and conveyors, used in construction, logging, and mining. D. Assist a preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher with instructional duties. Serve in a position for which a teacher has primary responsibility for the design and implementation of educational programs and services.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"human resources assistant, except payroll or timekeeping",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43416100 1_1_tmdbqrxs,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'AtlasImage'?","A. OmniOutliner is commercial outlining software for Mac OS X produced by The Omni Group B. ScanArray Express provides superior spot finding and quantization algorithm. This combined with template adjustment features drives excellence in analysis performance. C. Shinyngs is an R package designed to facilitate downstream analysis of RNA-seq and similar expression data with various exploratory plots and data mining tools. D. Computer software for the analysis and comparison of Atlas™ nylon and plastic arrays.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,AtlasImage,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100116 1_1_x63uvonf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Horseshoe kidney'?","A. A connection of the right and left kidney by an isthmus of functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline. B. A developmental defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal anatomic position. C. An abnormal site of the kidney. D. A significant descent of the kidney as the patient moves from the supine to the erect position.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Horseshoe kidney,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000085 1_1_k9b9moj1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amoxapine'?","A. A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1 B. Any benzoquinone derived from 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzoquinone; one of a group of naturally occurring homologues. The redox-active quinoid moiety usually carries a polyprenoid side chain at position 6, the number of isoprenoid units in which is species-specific. Ubiquinones are involved in the control of mitochondrial electron transport, and are also potent anti-oxidants. C. A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. D. A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,amoxapine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2675 1_1_xmmi1h9p,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuff ring'?","A. Tephra is a collective term (generally plural) used for all material -- regardless of size-- ejected during an explosive volcanic eruption. B. A wide, low-rimmed, well-bedded accumulation of hyalo-clastic debris built around a volcanic vent located in a lake, coastal zone, marsh, or area of abundant ground water. C. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69% silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. D. An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and andesite.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,tuff ring,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/TuffRing 1_1_7ca2urmm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'salpingo-oophorectomy'?","A. Partial or complete removal of one or both of the ovaries. B. The removal of one or both ovaries and their associated Fallopian tube or tubes. C. Forehead reduction surgery in which the hairline is lowered. D. A carboxylic ester in which the carboxylic acid component can be any fatty acid.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,salpingo-oophorectomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001658 1_1_hhqfj23y,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'community'?","A. A community is a social group of organisms sharing an environment, normally with shared interests. B. Molasse refers to the sandstones, shales and conglomerates formed as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains deposited in a foreland basin, especially on top of flysch, for example that left from the rising Alps, or erosion in the Himalaya. These deposits are typically the non-marine alluvial and fluvial sediments of lowlands, as compared to deep-water flysch sediments. Sedimentation stops once the orogeny stops, or once the mountains have eroded flat. [Wikipedia] C. A squall or thunderstorm in the Mediterranean. D. An element such as copper that forms sulphide minerals if sufficient sulphur is available.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,community,http://sweetontology.net/propCategorical/Community 1_1_qa6aku1r,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vinyl'?","A. Vinyl used as medium to record a musical manifestation B. Digital Audio Tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation D. Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Vinyl,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Vinyl 1_1_sqr0qwbt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbopolycyclic compound'?","A. A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon. B. A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. C. Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution. D. A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,carbopolycyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35294 1_1_gxdz99za,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of melanocyte differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of melanocyte differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045634 1_1_bcdzx05o,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid'?","A. A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at C-3 and a polyprenyl chain of unspecified length at C-5. B. A meroterpenoid that is 4,4,7,8a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalene substituted by a (3E)-5-(5-carboxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpent-3-en-1-yl moiety at position 8. It is isolated from the marine sponge Acanthodendrilla and exhibits inhibitory activity against the enzyme mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1). C. A methoxybenzoic acid that is 4-methoxybenzoic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 3. D. A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted at position 3 by any polyprenyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63798 1_1_3oj0xqz4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'judge, magistrate judge, or magistrate'?","A. Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and help prevent disorders and diseases of the eye. May also provide vision services for treatment including glasses and contacts. B. Instruct and advise individuals and families engaged in agriculture, agricultural-related processes, or home management activities. Demonstrate procedures and apply research findings to advance agricultural and home management activities. May develop educational outreach programs. May instruct on either agricultural issues such as agricultural processes and techniques, pest management, and food safety, or on home management issues such as budgeting, nutrition, and child development. C. Plan, develop, or conduct surveys. May analyze and interpret the meaning of survey data, determine survey objectives, or suggest or test question wording. Includes social scientists who primarily design questionnaires or supervise survey teams. D. Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"judge, magistrate judge, or magistrate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_23102300 1_1_9fdowiwj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mussel bed'?","A. A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions beyond (offshore to) a continental shelf. B. A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions that are part of a continental shelf. C. A marine bed which is covered by animals which have benthic habitats, including attached, clinging, sessile, infaunal, burrowing, laying, interstitial, and slow-moving animals, but not animals that have created substrate. D. A marine faunal bed which is dominated by mussels of the Mytilus or Modiolus genera either 1) resting on the sediment surface, 2) partially embedded in the sediment, 3) attached to conspecifics (by using their byssal threads), or 4) attached to a piece of gravel in slightly gravelly fine sediments.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mussel bed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001379 1_1_383fthvz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. B. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. C. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. D. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life).",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathologic distant metastases stage for kidney according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002306 1_1_psxjvua1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'epiphysis of phalanx of pes'?","A. An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of pes. B. An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. C. An epiphysis that is part of a fibula [Automatically generated definition]. D. An epiphysis that is part of a humerus [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,epiphysis of phalanx of pes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011973 1_1_p07vwf3s,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexenal'?","A. An enal consisting of oct-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position. B. A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is heptadecanal carrying a double bond at position 16. C. A monounsaturated fatty acid aldehyde that is undec-10-enal substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. D. A monounsaturated fatty acid aldehyde that is hexene having an oxo group at position 1.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,hexenal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24578 1_1_k6cww6zx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'perturbation'?","A. A wave disturbance in which buoyancy (or reduced gravity) acts as the restoring force on parcels displaced from hydrostatic equilibrium. B. Any departure introduced into an assumed steady state of a system. The magnitude is often assumed to be small so that product terms in the dependent variables may be neglected. C. Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy. D. The turbulent perturbations of temperature remaining in a stable boundary layer after all turbulent motions have died out.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,perturbation,http://sweetontology.net/phenSystem/Perturbation 1_1_ufbqf851,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tile or stone setter'?","A. Operate crematory equipment to reduce human or animal remains to bone fragments in accordance with state and local regulations. Duties may include preparing the body for cremation and performing general maintenance on crematory equipment. May use traditional flame-based cremation, calcination, or alkaline hydrolysis. B. Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks. C. Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments. D. Operate equipment used for applying concrete, asphalt, or other materials to road beds, parking lots, or airport runways and taxiways or for tamping gravel, dirt, or other materials. Includes concrete and asphalt paving machine operators, form tampers, tamping machine operators, and stone spreader operators.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,tile or stone setter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47204400 1_1_kj19uewf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'tertiary circulation'?","A. The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells. B. Chemical substance, in chemistry, are material objects that can undergo various transformations related to artificial or natural phenomena [Wikipedia] C. The generally small, localized atmospheric circulations. D. The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,tertiary circulation,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/TertiaryCirculation 1_1_lfylwjsg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'inductive reasoning'?","A. The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged. B. The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). C. The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. D. The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,inductive reasoning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000078 1_1_6etgkrty,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary spastic paraplegia 89'?","A. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the AP4S1 gene on chromosome 14q12. B. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 11p14.1-p11.2. C. A hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by infantile or early childhood onset of lower limb spasticity that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the AMFR gene on chromosome 16q13. D. A hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with dementia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary spastic paraplegia 89,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070458 1_1_h3kvs2fr,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tutorial'?","A. Veteran achievement is an award that is given for accumulating a lot of play hours or game actions. For example, Veteran could be playing thousand hours of World of Tanks or making 100 goals in ice hockey game. B. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. C. Tutorial achievement is awarded to a player for trying out various features of the game. This is often related to learning how to play the game, how the controls work and how the game logic works. An example of Tutorial could be testing out newly gained special equipment or just playing through the in-game tutorial in the beginning. D. Virtuosity describes an achievement that is awarded for playing masterfully in the game. Examples of virtuous play could be finishing the game without saving at all, dying zero times or preventing an opposing team from scoring any goals in a soccer game.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Tutorial,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Tutorial 1_1_m9rzvplw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'normal volume'?","A. The volume of some evapotranspiration. B. A volume which is relatively low. C. A depth quality which is relatively normal or average D. A volume which is relatively normal or average",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,normal volume,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0045060 1_1_mw5gx56y,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling good'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that is positively valenced. B. A subjective affective feeling that one is in control of oneself, that one is fully the agent of one's behavior. C. A subjective affective feeling of having lots of energy, being energetic. D. A subjective affective feeling of not being in control, not being able to gain agency of one's own behavior.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling good,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000079 1_1_xdznw6xs,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpine tundra biome'?","A. A tundra ecosystem which 1) exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds, 2) where vegetation is dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses. B. A tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. C. A polar tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. D. An alpine tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,alpine tundra biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001505 1_1_cyck73ud,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear'?","A. An ear floret that is the upper of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. B. An ear floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a sessile spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. C. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets on a sessile spikelet of an ear inflorescence. D. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006352 1_1_sfyzkzs4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete SAS/STAT Software, Version 8'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. 'SBML model' was classed as a child of algorithm, when this clearly isn't the case. As SWO already contained 'SBML file' (to cover the data format itself), there was no need for this class at all. The one class (SBMLR) which referenced this class had the relevant axiom deleted. For referencing the SBML format, please use the class 'SBML file'. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,"obsolete SAS/STAT Software, Version 8",http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000375 1_1_pjulh3i2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pregnancy fetishism'?","A. Sexual attraction to pregnancy, to the appearance of pregnancy, to lactation, or to any of the particular stages of pregnancy, including impregnation and childbirth. B. Unconventional sexual behavior related primarily to state(s) of an individual or the state(s) of others. C. Sexual arousal from a person's partner or partners not being able to see for any of various reasons or from having sex in total darkness. D. Sexual arousal from being in public places or an unusual sexual excitement involved in having sex in such an ""exposed"" area.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pregnancy fetishism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009141 1_1_m4cq9fj9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dysarthria and anarthria'?","A. Delirium of mixed origin, postoperative delirium B. Anarthria is a severe form of dysarthria. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that occurs when someone can't coordinate or control the muscles used for speaking. C. A disorder characterized by lack of coordination of muscle movements D. a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,dysarthria and anarthria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000447 1_1_9obw1wxu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'infantile-onset myofibrillar myopathy 12 with cardiomyopathy'?","A. A myofibrillar myopathy that is characterized by tremor or clonus at birth, followed by onset of rapidly progressive generalized muscle weakness and dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MYL2 gene on chromosome 12q23. B. A myofibrillar myopathy that is characterized by onset of slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness in the first decade of life and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UNC45B gene on chromosome 17q11. C. A myofibrillar myopathy characterized by adult onset of slowly progressive muscle weakness involving the diaphragm and resulting in respiratory insufficiency that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TTN gene on chromosome 2q31. D. A myofibrillar myopathy that is characterized by onset in the first decade of progressive generalized and proximal muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency, cardiomyopathy, and skeletal deformities related to muscle weakness and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BAG3 gene on chromosome 10q26.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,infantile-onset myofibrillar myopathy 12 with cardiomyopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051044 1_1_bylzu1zc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros. B. Any process that increases the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros. C. Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the mesonephros. D. Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron in the metanephros.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephric nephron morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072305 1_1_z74xlo3r,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vendor-specific License'?","A. A vendor-specific license is a license which was, at least originally, created by a specific organization to be used just on the resources created within that organization. This is a hierarchy of convenience rather than of shared philosophy. Many of the licenses have since been taken up by other groups whose licensing requirements matched those of the originating organization. B. The GeneNetwork Conditions of Use describes the data licensing for the resource covered. Commercial and non-commercial use is allowed, though attribution is requested via either acknowledgement or co-authorship. Further restrictions on the bulk download of as-yet unpublished data is also described. (While mentioned in the document, software licensing is not the focus of this conditions of use and therefore is not modelled here.) C. IUPAC/InChI-Trust InChI Licence No. 1.0 is a vendor license which allows all users to make use of the resource, including the source code, for free, as long as its source is properly attributed. It is broadly compatible with the GNU GPL v3 and v2 in that it states in the license that you can change the license from this one to the GNU GPL if you wish. D. The PPDB Academic Licens specifies under what legal requirements PPDB data may be accessed. Data is available for use for non-commercial purposes, but users must get express written consent of PPDB to exploit the data for commercial purposes. The resource will be used for teaching or not-for-profit research purposes only. The resource will not be further distributed to others. The recipient agrees to acknowledge the source of the material in any publication reporting its use. As consent must be aquired for commercial use, this license only allows non-commercial use (a separate agreement must be entered into for commercial use).",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Vendor-specific License,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000103 1_1_ofhck81a,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aircraft launch or recovery specialist'?","A. Target, fire, and maintain weapons used to destroy enemy positions, aircraft, and vessels. Field artillery crew members predominantly use guns, cannons, and howitzers in ground combat operations, while air defense artillery crew members predominantly use missiles and rockets. Naval artillery crew members predominantly use torpedoes and missiles launched from a ship or submarine. Duties include testing, inspecting, and storing ammunition, missiles, and torpedoes; conducting preventive and routine maintenance on weapons and related equipment; establishing and maintaining radio and wire communications; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems. B. Operate and maintain catapults, arresting gear, and associated mechanical, hydraulic, and control systems involved primarily in aircraft carrier takeoff and landing operations. Duties include installing and maintaining visual landing aids; testing and maintaining launch and recovery equipment using electric and mechanical test equipment and hand tools; activating airfield arresting systems, such as crash barriers and cables, during emergency landing situations; directing aircraft launch and recovery operations using hand or light signals; and maintaining logs of airplane launches, recoveries, and equipment maintenance. C. Operate tanks, light armor, and amphibious assault vehicles during combat situations on land or in aquatic environments. Duties include driving armored vehicles that require specialized training; operating and maintaining targeting and firing systems; operating and maintaining advanced onboard communications and navigation equipment; transporting personnel and equipment in a combat environment; and operating and maintaining auxiliary weapons, including machine guns and grenade launchers. D. Operate weapons and equipment in ground combat operations. Duties include operating and maintaining weapons, such as rifles, machine guns, mortars, and hand grenades; locating, constructing, and camouflaging infantry positions and equipment; evaluating terrain and recording topographical information; operating and maintaining field communications equipment; assessing need for and directing supporting fire; placing explosives and performing minesweeping activities on land; and participating in basic reconnaissance operations.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,aircraft launch or recovery specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55301200 1_1_84qwbw49,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'BLAST'?","A. PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an open source object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance. B. Tools for analyzing Micro Array experiments C. BLAST, or Basic Local Alignment Search Tool in full, is an algorithm for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of different proteins or the nucleotides of DNA sequences. D. OmniOutliner is commercial outlining software for Mac OS X produced by The Omni Group",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,BLAST,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100032 1_1_1hrfih8k,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarillo'?","A. A combustible tobacco-containing product that is a cylinder formed of chopped tobacco encased in tobacco leaf. B. A personal attribute in which the person presents fewer or lower intensity of symptoms compared to their previous symptom presentation, and the current symptoms minimally interfere with their life. C. A data item describing whether or how far a person's binge drinking behaviour pattern has reduced in frequency. D. A cigar that is short and thin with wrapping that is tobacco or tobacco-based paper.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarillo,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000743 1_1_s3f8e4mx,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete hexbin'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete hexbin,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000572 1_1_nlvlh6qg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute effect of ingesting alcohol on a person'?","A. Acute effect of ingesting a substance on a person in which the substance is alcohol. B. An emotion directly attributing an affective response to an object, event or experience. It includes liking and disliking. C. Acute effect of using a product on a person in which use of the product involves ingestion of a psychoactive substance. D. Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,acute effect of ingesting alcohol on a person,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000347 1_1_nfkmclov,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'isohaline surface'?","A. A material isosurface within which pressure is approximately constant. B. A material isosurface within which salinity is approximately constant. C. A material isosurface within which density is approximately constant. D. A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,isohaline surface,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001694 1_1_svku1rt5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system myelination'?","A. The process in which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction. B. The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. C. The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. D. The process in which neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,central nervous system myelination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022010 1_1_x263uofo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phloem'?","A. A portion of vascular tissue that is a unit strand of the vascular system and has as part xylem or phloem . B. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from a vascular cambium . C. A portion of plant tissue that has as part one or more tracheary elements or sieve elements . D. A portion of vascular tissue that has as parts sieve elements .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phloem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005417 1_1_ml8e28n7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Secondary achene colour class'?","A. Achene pigmentation anthocyanin presence B. Observe secondary achene colour and rate it C. Observe susceptibility to verticillium wilt susceptibility and rate it. D. Observe leaf glaucousness and rate it.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Secondary achene colour class,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000832 1_1_xm3g48wx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Multiple hand weight'?","A. The date the bunch is harvested from the plant. B. The number of water suckers (suckers with broad leaves, a small rhizome, and a weak connection to the plant) in the mat. C. The colour of the fruit pulp. D. The weight of multiple hands.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Multiple hand weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000327 1_1_jdvq1cot,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basal cell layer of epidermis'?","A. Layer of epidermis proper, each instance of which is the outermost layer of some epidermis consisting of some cells that are dead (corneocytes) and desquamating. B. Layer of epidermis proper, each instance of which is the layer between some stratum granulosum and stratum basale which consists of some prickle cells. C. Layer of epidermis proper, each instance of which is between some stratum lucidum and stratum spinosum, containing some keratohyalin granules. D. Layer of epidermis proper, each instance of which is the deepest layer of some epidermis, beneath some stratum spinosum and primarily made up of some basal keratinocyte stem cells and some melanocytes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Basal cell layer of epidermis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67540 1_1_njagsws7,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell cluster organ'?","A. A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function. B. A cluster of cells, largely surrounded by a morphological boundary. C. A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. D. Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cell cluster organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010001 1_1_d7ccdkap,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Relative_Place'?","A. A place is a spatio-temporal-occurrence B. A location complex is a relatively stable complex of places referred to as one: it is the maximal collection of places with the same reference object. C. An absolute place is defined without reference to other places. D. A relative place is defined by some reference to some object/thing",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Relative_Place,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/relative-places.owl#Relative_Place 1_1_pf40iojw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sharp eyespot severity'?","A. Percentage of plants in a plot showing symptoms of powdery mildew. B. Severity of leaf blotch symptoms observed in a plot. C. Pink snow mold(Fusarium patch) severity. D. Sharp eyespot severity.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Sharp eyespot severity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000611 1_1_uve3ogtp,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma cell differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043310 1_1_rqh9h6s7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'HilbertVisGUI'?","A. Provides methods for accessing data stored in PostgreSQL tables. B. This package provides a comprehensive collection of various microarray-based classification algorithms both from Machine Learning and Statistics. Variable Selection, Hyperparameter tuning, Evaluation and Comparison can be performed combined or stepwise in a user-friendly environment. C. An interactive tool to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves D. A package for processing protein mass spectrometry data.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,HilbertVisGUI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000226 1_1_qom63x3t,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(2S)-eriodictoyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid'?","A. A hydroxyflavanone carrying three hydroxy substituents. B. A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the glucuronide conjugate of phenol. C. A flavanone glycoside that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 5', methyl group at positions 6 and 8 and a beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy residue at position 2'. Isolated from the leaves of Myrcia multiflora, it exhibits inhibitory activity against aldose reductase. D. A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the 7-O-glucuronide of (2S)-eriodictyol. Isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum, it exhibits inhibitory activity for rat lens aldose reductase.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(2S)-eriodictoyl-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65859 1_1_1u417l21,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mastocytosis'?","A. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. B. A leukocyte disorder that is characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection. C. A hematopoietic system disease that is located_in white blood cells. D. A leukocyte disease that is characterized by high numbers of eosinophils which over time enter various tissues, eventually damaging organs.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mastocytosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_350 1_1_ihat2sco,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'median sacral vein'?","A. The median sacral vein (or middle sacral veins) accompany the corresponding artery along the front of the sacrum, and join to form a single vein, which ends in the left common iliac vein; sometimes in the angle of junction of the two iliac veins. B. The anterior facial vein receives a branch of considerable size, the deep facial vein, from the pterygoid venous plexus. C. Any of the three veins including the common, external and internal iliac veins. D. The vascular channel in the fetus passing through the liver and joining the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,median sacral vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006687 1_1_o6hhuuiu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit smashed pulp aroma/smell'?","A. The taste of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit B. The pulp aroma of the smashed pulp of a mature fruit C. Description of traits considered important in selection of third least genotype by respondents D. The taste of the unsmashed pulp of a mature fruit",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit smashed pulp aroma/smell,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000514 1_1_ijkke0rx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf density - Estimation'?","A. Record the twining or climbing direction of the vine B. Record time in minutes lasted for cut tuber flesh to become or not oxidized and score in scale C. Record the method used to transfer the pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower of the same or different plant of the same species D. Observe the leaf abundance or mass on a mature plant and rate the density",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf density - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0010166 1_1_d5mohp37,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia due to staphylococcus'?","A. an infection of your lungs caused by certain bacteria. B. Pneumonia (infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs) caused by Pseudomonas bacteria C. MSSA, or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, is an infection caused by a type of bacteria commonly found on the skin. D. lung inflammation caused by bacterial infection, in which air sacs fill with pus",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pneumonia due to staphylococcus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000171 1_1_e0pt75jr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of AV node cell action potential'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of AV node cell action potential. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrioventricular node myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuronal action potential. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of AV node cell action potential,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903951 1_1_v886x0rw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas'?","A. Group B (i.e.,Streptococcus agalactiae) streptococci are a major cause of neonatal sepsis and pneumonia. In adults, pneumonia accounts for approximately 15% of adult infections by group B streptococci. Most adults with group B streptococcal pneumonia are debilitated and develop pneumonia as a consequence of aspiration. B. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. C. Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. Mycoplasma pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M pneumoniae). This type of pneumonia is also called atypical pneumonia because the symptoms are different from those of pneumonia due to other common bacteria. D. Pneumonia (infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs) caused by Pseudomonas bacteria",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000162 1_1_za4imigv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete database creation'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete database creation,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000509 1_1_tg8j3zx2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fine artist, including painter, sculptor, or illustrator'?","A. Operate, install, adjust, and maintain integrated computer/communications systems, consoles, simulators, and other data acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment, which are used to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles. May record and interpret test data. B. Assist nuclear physicists, nuclear engineers, or other scientists in laboratory, power generation, or electricity production activities. May operate, maintain, or provide quality control for nuclear testing and research equipment. May monitor radiation. C. Care for individuals with mental or emotional conditions or disabilities, following the instructions of physicians or other health practitioners. Monitor patients' physical and emotional well-being and report to medical staff. May participate in rehabilitation and treatment programs, help with personal hygiene, and administer oral or injectable medications. D. Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"fine artist, including painter, sculptor, or illustrator",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27101300 1_1_qz5xwd5i,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.08 eight nodes or internodes visible stage'?","A. The stage at which three nodes or three internodes are visible. B. The stage at which eight nodes or eight internodes are visible. C. The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible. D. The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.08 eight nodes or internodes visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007070 1_1_39o1bupv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'zf-TRAF domain binding'?","A. Binding to a TRAF-type zinc finger domain of a protein. B. Binding to a Baculovirus Inhibitor of apoptosis protein Repeat (BIR) domain. C. Binding to a Krueppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of a protein. The approximately 75 amino acid KRAB domain is enriched in charged amino acids, and is found in the N-terminal regions of many zinc finger-containing transcription factors. D. Binding to a RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) of a protein. The RHIM is a 16-amino-acid motif found in some members, including RIP3, of a family of related kinases.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,zf-TRAF domain binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044198 1_1_4dqjoeip,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'FlowRepository Open Access Terms of Use'?","A. The FlowRepository Open Access Terms of Use license allows any individual to access the licensed product (originally the Flow Cytometry Data Repository) for any purpose. There are no restrictions on the use or redistribution of the data associated with this license, though it makes the statement that some data covered may also be included under more restrictive licensing. B. The LINCS Data Policy is a license which allows redistribution and derivative works as long as the original data is attributed correctly. All investigators are encouraged, to publish results based on LINCS data. These results may include, but would not be limited to, integrating LINCS data with data from other sources. LINCS data are released with the sole restriction that they must be correctly cited so that others can establish provenance and access the original data; the correct citation will be released with each data set and will comprise either a PMID/PMCID reference or a unique LINCS identifier. C. All OME formats and software are freely available, and all OMERO and Bio-Formats source code is available under GNU public ""copyleft"" licenses or through commercial license from Glencoe Software. FLIMfit is also now available under a GNU public ""copyleft"" license. For questions about the GNU license refer to the Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses page. Bio-Formats - under the terms of the GNU public ""copyleft"" license, any software package linking to Bio-Formats, either directly or indirectly, cannot be distributed unless its source code is also made available under the terms of the GPL. Some components which provide reader and writer implementations for open file formats, are released under a more permissive BSD-2 license which enables non-GPL third party software. For a complete list of which file formats are included in the BSD license, see the BSD column of the supported formats table. Developers of non-GPL software wishing to leverage Bio-Formats components not covered by the BSD license may purchase a commercial license from Glencoe Software; please contact them at bioformats@glencoesoftware.com to discuss your requirements. The core OME Model Schema files (.XSD) use the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, and as such you are free to share or adapt them as long as you attribute the OME consortium as follows; ""This work is derived in part from the OME specification. Copyright (C) 2002-2016 Open Microscopy Environment"". See further information about using OME-XML in your work. This website is also covered by the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License - you are free to share or adapt content as long as you credit the Open Microscopy Environment. The exception to this is the screenshots and videos which can only be used for non-commercial purposes, see Attributions below. D. The European Medicines Agency Copyright states that the Agency is the owner of copyright and other intellectual property rights for documents and other content published on their website. Information and documents made available on the Agency's webpages are public and may be reproduced and/or distributed, totally or in part, irrespective of the means and/or the formats used, for non-commercial and commercial purposes, provided that the Agency is always acknowledged as the source of the material. Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. Citations may be made from such material without prior permission, provided the source is always acknowledged. The above-mentioned permissions do not apply to content supplied by third parties. Therefore, for documents where the copyright vests in a third party, permission for reproduction must be obtained from this copyright holder.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,FlowRepository Open Access Terms of Use,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000099 1_1_cu0cw5fp,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical happy facial expression'?","A. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of happiness. B. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of sadness. C. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of anger. D. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of fear.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical happy facial expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000180 1_1_emyn3kio,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rectosigmoid neocolporrhaphy'?","A. A surgical procedure that repairs a defect in the wall of the neovagina. B. Neocolporrhaphy using part of the rectosigmoid colon. C. An honorary title provided as the official designation of a position held in law enforcement associated with certain duties of authority. D. Devices or tools typically used in combat or fighting in order to kill, incapacitate, or injure.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,rectosigmoid neocolporrhaphy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001725 1_1_bwd4o93p,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'First release'?","A. Live is a development status which is applied to software that has been designated as suitable for production environments by the developer/publisher. If a non-free product, software at this stage is available for purchase B. The latest release of a piece of software. This does not imply any levels of maturity other than indicating this is the most recent release. C. The first release of a piece of software. A first release does not imply any particular levels of maturity other than is this is the first instance of this software to be considered released. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,First release,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/maturity/SWO_9000071 1_1_8kd1k55r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other and unspecified infectious diseases'?","A. Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. B. The viral hemorrhagic (or haemorrhagic) fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. C. Enteritis (entero- + -itis) is inflammation of the small intestine. D. A general term for diseases produced by viruses.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other and unspecified infectious diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000330 1_1_5y7qcd4r,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'follow-up health care encounter'?","A. A health care encounter that is scheduled for the purpose of assessing a known set of specific issues B. A health care encounter that is regularly scheduled for the purpose of health monitoring. C. TODO D. A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,follow-up health care encounter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000125 1_1_7pfkbu7j,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'basalt'?","A. A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. B. Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. C. Rock formed from molten magma. D. Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,basalt,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000236 1_1_900f8v7k,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Group'?","A. This class comprises instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, whose temporal extent has been chosen in order to determine the spatial extent of a phenomenon over the chosen time-span. Respective phenomena may, for instance, be historical events or periods, but can also be the diachronic extent and existence of physical things. In other words, instances of this class fix a slice of another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume in time. The temporal extent of an instance of E93 Presence typically is predetermined by the researcher so as to focus the investigation particularly on finding the spatial extent of the phenomenon by testing for its characteristic features. There are at least two basic directions such investigations might take. The investigation may wish to determine where something was during some time or it may wish to reconstruct the total passage of a phenomenon’s spacetime volume through an examination of discrete presences. Observation and measurement of features indicating the presence or absence of a phenomenon in some space allows for the progressive approximation of spatial extents through argumentation typically based on inclusion, exclusion and various overlaps.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity. In a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real person (an instance of E21 Person), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of E21 Person does not imply that the concept comprises personae.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which they can be held responsible.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises any gatherings or organizations of human individuals or groups that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the group never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e. a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of E74 Group. A gathering of people becomes an instance of E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modelled as membership in an instance of E74 Group. Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E74 Group,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E74_Group 1_1_q2ebcpup,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fungal hair infection'?","A. Any kind of test for an infectious agent in the urine positive (abnormal). B. Any kind of test for an infectious agent in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positive. C. Demonstration of fungi growing on hair by a method such as microscopy of hairs mounted on slides with 10% potassium hydroxide. D. Identification of encapsulated budding yeasts in smears of body fluids, secretions, exudates, or other specimens.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fungal hair infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6001088 1_1_k3924x5k,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear chromosome segregation'?","A. The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. B. The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. C. The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle. D. The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nuclear chromosome segregation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098813 1_1_29r77ye4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Jaguar'?","A. Dynamically chooses cutoffs for grouping into present/divergent genes based on the shape of the distribution. More resistant to variation in hybridization data than CCACK. B. Incyte GEMTools software is an enterprise solution for managing gene expression data using the SQL Server and Oracle relational databases. It was one of the first integrated software packages designed with an easy-to-use interface to help scientist track and analyze the vast amounts of gene expression data generated from microarray experiments. GEMTools can be used quantify and graphically display your gene expression data. Incyte Genomics relied on the GEMTools for internal operations and to track each well, probe, cDNA target, and other components of GEM arrays through ordering, fabrication, image analysis, and final data delivery. C. Software for microarray image analysis. D. Image analysis software",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Jaguar,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000245 1_1_imqy4nli,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machine setter, operator, or tender'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend machines, such as glass-forming machines, plodder machines, and tuber machines, to shape and form products such as glassware, food, rubber, soap, brick, tile, clay, wax, tobacco, or cosmetics. B. Pick up and deliver messages, documents, packages, and other items between offices or departments within an establishment or directly to other business concerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, or public conveyance. C. Operate telephone business systems equipment or switchboards to relay incoming, outgoing, and interoffice calls. May supply information to callers and record messages. D. Compose letters or electronic correspondence in reply to requests for merchandise, damage claims, credit and other information, delinquent accounts, incorrect billings, or unsatisfactory services. Duties may include gathering data to formulate reply and preparing correspondence.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"extruding, forming, pressing, or compacting machine setter, operator, or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51904100 1_1_cxs2dqif,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proportion Green Biomass - Computing'?","A. Compute leaf width to length ratio. B. Use formula to calculate Aluminium tolerance index. Entries with indices above 1 are more resistant than the average genotype in the experiment and entries with indices less than 1 have below average tolerance. C. Compute leaf biomass using the formula. D. Use formula to calculate proportion of green leaves",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Proportion Green Biomass - Computing,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_345:0000234 1_1_5idl8oy3,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gamma-lactone'?","A. Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. B. A standardized rating scale originally developed by Chouinard et al in 1980, which is used to measure drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) or 4 types of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD): parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia. The questionnaire contains 28 questions and generates 4 subscales and 4 clinical global impression severity (CGI-S) scales. C. A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. D. A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,gamma-lactone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37581 1_1_s75hqamw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-pressure chronic ulcer of lower limb, not elsewhere classified'?","A. A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners. B. a defect in the skin below the level of knee persisting for more than six weeks and shows no tendency to heal after three or more months. C. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. D. Diseases and conditions affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"non-pressure chronic ulcer of lower limb, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000344 1_1_jtj3vaf7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger'?","A. Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of index finger. B. Complete duplication of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. On x-ray two separate bones appear side to side. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. C. Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of ring finger. D. A complete duplication affecting one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. As opposed to a partial duplication were there is still a variable degree of fusion between the duplicated bones, a complete duplication leads to two separate bones appearing side to side (radio-ulnar axis) as seen on x-rays. A duplication leading to an accessory bone appearing in the proximo-distal axis on x-rays, this is actually a different entity called a pseudoepiphysis (see corresponding terms) sometimes also referred to as hyperphalangism.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Complete duplication of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009952 1_1_plajfxuh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ophthalmic medical technologist'?","A. Develop programs to control machining or processing of materials by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. May also set up, operate, or maintain equipment. B. Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions and ophthalmic photography. Provide instruction and supervision to other ophthalmic personnel. Assist with minor surgical procedures, applying aseptic techniques and preparing instruments. May perform eye exams, administer eye medications, and instruct patients in care and use of corrective lenses. C. Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift and move materials, machines, or products in many directions. D. Install, diagnose, or repair communications, sound, security, or navigation equipment in motor vehicles.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,ophthalmic medical technologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29209905 1_1_yo8fs8fi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'funisitis'?","A. A connective tissue disease characterized by inflammation located in the fascia. B. A connective tissue disease characterized by damage of tissues located_in the entheses, the site of insertion of tendons or ligaments into bones or joint capsules, with symptoms of pain, swelling and inflammation. C. A connective tissue disease characterized by ectopic ossification of the posterior longitudinal spinal ligament resulting in spinal cord compression, myelopathy and hyperreflexia. D. A connective tissue disease that is an inflammation of the connective tissue of the umbilical cord.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,funisitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050698 1_1_rxsaxncj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panicle dry biomass'?","A. Dry biomass of all panicles B. Fresh biomass of all leaves that have a green area < 50%. C. The moisture adjusted yield. D. The straw dry biomass.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Panicle dry biomass,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000318 1_1_glssofqg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine corpus adenocarcinofibroma'?","A. A uterine body mixed cancer that has_material_basis_in both endometrial carcinoma and sarcoma. B. An adenosarcoma and malignant uterine body mixed neoplasm that derives_from the glands that line the uterus. C. A uterine corpus cancer that has_material_basis_in more than one type of cell. D. A uterine body mixed cancer that derives_from epithelial cells which originate in glandular tissue and connective tissue.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uterine corpus adenocarcinofibroma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7281 1_1_sh20wy14,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'complement component 4a deficiency'?","A. A complement deficiency that is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, caused by C4A deficiency. B. A complement deficiency that is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, caused by C4B deficiency. C. A complement deficiency that is characterized by deficiency of complement component 3 that increases susceptibility to infection and autoimmune diseases and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the C3 gene on chromosome 19p13.3, has_symptom recurrent bacterial infections. D. A complement deficiency that is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the C2 gene.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,complement component 4a deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060297 1_1_cco0b4rk,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'ortho- and peri-fused compound'?","A. A polycyclic compound in which one ring contains two, and only two, atoms in common with each of two or more rings of a contiguous series of rings. Such compounds have n common faces and less than 2n common atoms. B. A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are adjacent to each other. C. A pilot study in which what is being piloted is a trial that evaluates an intervention. D. A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,ortho- and peri-fused compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33639 1_1_y6xib0sp,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tender committee'?","A. Class that defines the execution conditions of the contract (e.g. special execution conditions or subcontracting percentage amounts). B. Abstract class describing a set of persons in committee and its roles. C. Class describing the meetings of tender committee. D. Class to define the tender requirements needed to submit a tender (e.g. tender document needs).",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Tender committee,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#Committee 1_1_wbonnmbd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'neopentalenolactone D(1-)'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting forom the deprotonation of the carboxy group of zealexin A1. The major speciess at pH 7.3. B. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of clavaldehyde, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of neopentalenolactone D, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,neopentalenolactone D(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_70859 1_1_7fcpi2mg,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete transition metal ion homeostasis'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-maleylpyruvate(2-) + H2O = H+ + maleate(2-) + pyruvate. B. Binding to a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. C. OBSOLETE. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid, or niacin).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete transition metal ion homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0055076 1_1_m7wv7ucz,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decibar'?","A. A decibar is a unit pressure commonly used in oceanography because it's value is generally equivalent to depth in meters. 1 dbar = 0.1 bar = 10 kPa B. Ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100). C. The degree Celsius is a unit of thermodynamic temperature with the same magnitude as the unit kelvin but where absolute zero (0 Kelvin) is defined as -273.15 degrees Celsius. D. The angstrom is a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre.",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Decibar,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Decibar 1_1_a2654ps6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'stagnosol'?","A. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. B. Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. C. Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. D. Soil which has, as a part, a portion of either fresh or processed animal manure.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,stagnosol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002274 1_1_ms44j0jt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'long term (current) use of aspirin'?","A. long term use of asipirin B. observation by doctors of suspected myocardial infarction (heart attack) C. Encounter for general adult medical examination D. financial problems related to housing or general economic standing",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,long term (current) use of aspirin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000372 1_1_qgrlzz4e,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'abstainer from tobacco use'?","A. Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups). B. An abstainer from using a tobacco-containing product. C. A person who is not engaging in a behaviour pattern that they previously enacted. D. An abstainer from cannabis use.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,abstainer from tobacco use,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001082 1_1_drcv092p,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'batilol'?","A. An alkylglycerol that is any 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. B. An alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding octadecyl ether. It is used in cosmetics as a stabilising ingredient and skin-conditioning agent. C. An alkylglycerol having the alkyl group located at either the sn-1 or sn-3 position. D. An alkylglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups has been replaced by a dodecyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,batilol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34117 1_1_1w24xr5q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cortisol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: cortisol + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+. B. OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: apigeninidin + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = apigeninidin 5-O-glucoside + UDP + H+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: an 11-beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+. D. Catalysis of the repair of T/G mismatches arising from deamination of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by nicking double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the mismatched thymidine residue. The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand-specific, in favor of the G-containing strand. The incision serves as a starting point for subsequent excision repair by DNA polymerase I, which excises thymidine and reinserts cytidine.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cortisol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102196 1_1_rnipe335,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focal aware seizure'?","A. A type of focal-onset seizure characterized by a motor sign as its initial semiological manifestation. B. A type of focal-onset seizure characterized by non-motor signs or symptoms (or behavior arrest) as its initial semiological manifestation. C. A type of focal-onset seizure in which awareness is preserved. Awareness during a seizure is defined as the patient being fully aware of themself and their environment throughout the seizure, even if immobile. D. A migrating focal seizure is a seizure that involves different body parts, usually without overlap, in a consecutive manner so that the offset of a seizure in one part coincides with its onset in another, even shifting multiple times between the sides of the body. They can be associated with autonomic manifestations.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Focal aware seizure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002349 1_1_5bgqk0yb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4,5,4'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxybibenzyl'?","A. A hydroxybiphenyl that is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. B. A dinitrile that is butanedinitrile substituted by 4-methoxybenzyl and 3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene groups at positions 3 and 2 respectively. Isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Neosartorya fischeri, it exhibits antifungal activity. C. A diphenylethane that is 1,2-dihydrostilbene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 4', and 5 and a methoxy groups at positions 3 and 3'. It is isolated from Dendrobium ellipsophyllum and sensitizes lung cancer cells to anoikis. D. A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid which is substituted at position 6 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylphenoxy group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"4,5,4'-trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxybibenzyl",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_193138 1_1_qoraycwr,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Application'?","A. When an act is completely rewritten in a new way but the topic remains the same. B. When a part of some primary legislative source is delegated to some secondary legislative source (e.g. from act to regulation). C. When a local act applies in the local legal system normative supra-ordered such as when a region applies an EU directive or a decree it applies the normative contant in some act D. Interpretation in context of the European Union",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Application,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Application 1_1_ue8v74si,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'brachial nerve plexus'?","A. An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine where it proceeds through the neck then the axilla and into the arm where it innervates skin and muscle. [WP,modified]. B. A slender neuron projection bundle[FBbt]; A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed). C. A spiral ganglion neuron that innervates inner hair cells. Type 1 spiral ganglion neurons are myelinated and bipolar. D. A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,brachial nerve plexus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001814 1_1_izhhlu6p,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem protein content'?","A. Protein content in the stem B. Starch content in the stem C. Sucrose content in the stem D. Total lignin content in the stem",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem protein content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001141 1_1_nr1hx9re,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell of the heart. Blood vessel endothelial cells are thin flattened cells that line the inside surfaces of blood vessels. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardiac endothelial cell.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cardiac blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060946 1_1_txib1f7d,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'water tank'?","A. A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. B. A container for storing water. C. A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) composed of alcohol, titanium dioxide, and propylene glycol. D. A device designed to remove water or humidity.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,water tank,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501254 1_1_wqv3jhcx,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inclusive Gateway'?","A. Web Service, which is used in the definition of attributes for Message Start Event, Message Intermediate Event, Message End Event, Receive Task, Send Task, Service Task, and User Task, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. Base element C. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. D. Inclusive Gateway",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Inclusive Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#inclusive_gateway 1_1_x8423zzi,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Genre'?","A. An edition of a comic issue. B. A type of page appearing in a comic document. C. A period of comic book history. D. A comics genre.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Genre,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Genre 1_1_dfzgr3uu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior inferior renal segment'?","A. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental renal artery. B. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental branch of right renal artery. C. Renal segment supplied by the posterior segmental renal artery. D. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental renal artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior inferior renal segment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15618 1_1_qjlwxycl,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reduced social responsiveness'?","A. Social emotional interactions refer to the exchange of feelings during social interactions by means of a wide range of communicative behaviors including facial expressions, body language, and verbal communication. This term refers to an atypically low production of emotion social communication by an individual. B. Difficulty to establish relations with others in a comparable social group (peers) that may be manifested in pehnomena such as not being able to initiative a conversation, understand social cues, or to discuss shared interests. This feature is associated with poor integration within a community or group. C. A reduced ability to participate in the back-and-forth flow of social interaction appropriate to culture and developmental level, which is normally characterized by an influence of the behavior of one person on the behavior of another person. This results in difficulty interacting with others through emotional, physical, or verbal communication. D. A tendency to display responces to social cues that are interpreted (e.g., by family members, peers, or caregivers) as diminished compared to what would be expected based on the developmental stage and cultural context of an individual.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Reduced social responsiveness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012760 1_1_xtz0wbm1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cocaine binge session'?","A. An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. B. A binge behaviour session in which the behaviour is cocaine use. C. A consumption behaviour pattern in which the behaviour is repeated in a session to an extent that is excessive. D. A binge behaviour session in which the behaviour is consumption of an alcoholic beverage.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cocaine binge session,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001276 1_1_uckrs0qe,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spotfire'?","A. Spotfire’s interactive, visual capabilities for data analysis empower individuals to easily see trends, patterns outliers and unanticipated relationships in data with unprecedented speed and adaptability. B. The Rosetta Resolver® system provides a central analysis center and repository for biologists, statisticians, and bioinformaticians for the evaluation of gene expression data from microarrays and qPCR studies. C. TIGR Spotfinder was designed for the rapid, reproducible and computer-aided analysis of microarray images and the quantification of gene expression D. Dynamically chooses cutoffs for grouping into present/divergent genes based on the shape of the distribution. More resistant to variation in hybridization data than CCACK.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Spotfire,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000430 1_1_8pq660tb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-thiouridine'?","A. A thiouridine in which the oxygen replaced by sulfur is that at C-2. B. A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group. C. A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor. D. A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-thiouridine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60731 1_1_55jep8t6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Floret fertility - Counting'?","A. Register the number of seed per floret B. Count nodes in the main stem C. Usually recorded as mean number of flowers on the second flower-bearing node of five plants. D. Usually recorded as averaged number of seeds from 10 representative pods",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Floret fertility - Counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_374:0000062 1_1_9c2v5y2p,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'irritable aggressive behavior'?","A. A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual. B. Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target. C. Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious. D. Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,irritable aggressive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002123 1_1_rquc7lop,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'antheridiophore'?","A. A stalk that is the basal part of an antheridium . B. A stalk that supports an antheridium head . C. A stalk that the basal part of an archegonium . D. A stalk that supports an archegonium head .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,antheridiophore,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030033 1_1_vgd5dqgd,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf sheath'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is an outgrowth of a root and is inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. B. A region of the root between the meristem and the region of rapid elongation in which isodiametric growth (cell expansion) occurs. C. The apical portion of a phyllome. D. A cardinal organ part that is the lower part of a vascular leaf , and which more or less encases the stem .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf sheath,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020104 1_1_9bdtxxdv,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'lipid'?","A. 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. C. Any molecular entity that contains carbon. D. Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,lipid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059 1_1_1cgrxj9o,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Celsius'?","A. A base unit is a unit that is not naturally decomposed into other units. B. A millibar is a unit pressure commonly used in meterology. 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 0.1 kPa = 1 hPa (hectopascal) C. The degree Celsius is a unit of thermodynamic temperature with the same magnitude as the unit kelvin but where absolute zero (0 Kelvin) is defined as -273.15 degrees Celsius. D. The ampere is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units.",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Celsius,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Celsius 1_1_6h348lcc,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes '47,XX,+21'?","A. A karyotype in which every cell has an X chromosomes and three Y chromosomes. B. A karyotype in which every cell has four X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. C. A karyotype in which every cell has two X chromosomes and two copies of chromosome 21. D. A karyotype in which every cell has only one X chromosome.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,"47,XX,+21",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009561 1_1_4nyp0411,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reduced hemoglobin A'?","A. Abnormally increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood. In this form of hemoglobin, there is an oxidized ferric iron (Fe +3) rather than the reduced ferrous form (Fe 2+) that is normally found in hemoglobin. Methemoglobin has a reduced affinity for oxygen, resulting in a reduced ability to release oxygen to tissues. B. Anomaly in the level or the function of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of erythrocytes. C. Hemoglobin H (HbH) contains four beta-globin chains. It is normally not present at all in blood, but may make up about 1-40 percent of all hemoglobin in HbH disease, a subform of alpha thalassemia. D. Hemoglobin A (HbA) contains two globin alpha chains and two globin beta chains. HbA is normally the main adult hemoglobin, representing about 96-98 percent of all hemoglobin. This term represents a decreased in the proportion of HbA below this limit, and can be seen in various forms of thalassemia.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Reduced hemoglobin A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011905 1_1_h72a1krs,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary phloem'?","A. A portion of primary phloem tissue has as parts the first-formed sieve elements at a particular location and does not have companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements. B. A portion of vascular tissue that has as parts sieve elements . C. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from the procambium . D. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from a vascular cambium .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,primary phloem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006075 1_1_2p6trjfq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acanthocytosis'?","A. Acanthocytosis is a type of poikilocytosis characterized by the presence of spikes on the cell surface. The cells have an irregular shape resembling many-pointed stars. B. Target cells (codocytes) have a centrally located disk of hemoglobin surrounded by an area of pallor with an outer rim of hemoglobin adjacent to the cell membrane giving the cell the appearance of a target. C. The presence of erythrocytes that are sphere-shaped. D. A form of poikilocytosis in which the abnormally shaped erythrocytes have notches that results in projections that look like horns.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Acanthocytosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001927 1_1_6fttkvm0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cell cycle'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of cell cycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045786 1_1_n352gctm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate group at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of the sugar. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006017 1_1_2izui5tf,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'PhotonFluxDensity'?","A. Molality amount of substance of solute B in a solution divided by the mass of the solvent: Often favored because measurements of mass are more precise than measurements of volume. B. Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). C. The number of photons striking an area per unit time. This could be probably also be called a PhotonArealDensityRate. D. measures how easily electricity flows along a certain path through an electrical element. The SI derived unit for electrical conductance is the siemens",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,PhotonFluxDensity,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#PhotonFluxDensity 1_1_0wibdm13,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'axillary strobilus bud'?","A. A bud that develops into a strobilus. B. An axillary reproductive bud that develops into an inflorescence. C. An axillary reproductive bud that develops into a strobilus. D. An axillary bud that develops into a flower.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,axillary strobilus bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025076 1_1_q6qwoi36,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-beta-L-arabinofuranose'?","A. A disaccharide consisting of two beta-L-arabinofuranose units joined by a (1->2)-linkage. B. A disaccharide consisting of alpha-D-glucopyranose and D-arabinopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond. C. A glycosylarabinose consisting of aldehydo-D-arabinose having a beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue at the 3-position. D. A glycosylarabinose consisting of beta-D-glucopyranose and D-arabinopyranose joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-beta-L-arabinofuranose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73180 1_1_cszrlyb1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate(6-)'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3. B. Decaanion of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3,5,6-pentakisphosphate arising from global deprotonation of the phosphate functions. C. Octaanion of myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate arising from global deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3. D. The hexaanion of 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate arising from global deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups. Major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1D-myo-inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate(6-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_195536 1_1_oyc86e7n,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cartilaginous joint'?","A. Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by cartilage. Examples: Spheno-occipital synchondrosis, first sternocostal joint, pubic symphysis. B. Cartilaginous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by fibrocartilage. Examples: pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis, manubriosternal joint. C. Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones are connected by bone. Examples: epiphysial junction, manubriosternal synostosis. D. Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, distal tibiofibular joint, dento-alveolar joint.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cartilaginous joint,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7496 1_1_91fkbibi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormality of thumb phalanx'?","A. Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the proximal, and distal phalanges of the thumb and/or the 1st metacarpal. B. Supernumerary digits located at the radial side of the hand. Polydactyly (supernumerary digits) involving the thumb occurs in many distinct forms of high variability and severity. Ranging from fleshy nubbins over varying degrees of partial duplication/splitting to completely duplicated or even triplicated thumbs or preaxial (on the radial side of the hand) supernumerary digits. C. A thumb with three phalanges in a single, proximo-distal axis. Thus, this term applies if the thumb has an accessory phalanx, leading to a digit like appearance of the thumb. D. A structural anomaly of one or more phalanges of the thumb.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormality of thumb phalanx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009602 1_1_gzndjsrw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'head surgical procedure'?","A. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the head and/or neck. B. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the head. C. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the face. D. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the ear.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,head surgical procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002454 1_1_z2yvlioi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'diatomite particle'?","A. A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. B. A piece of rock which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. C. A piece of rock which is derived from clastic rock and has a grain size of 4 to 64 millimeters. D. A meteor which is primarily composed of rock.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,diatomite particle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000963 1_1_g72nd6mu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'inner medullary collecting duct'?","A. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla. B. A collecting duct of renal tubule that is part of a metanephros [Automatically generated definition]. C. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla. D. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder[GO].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,inner medullary collecting duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004205 1_1_ycazmcni,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metal ion binding'?","A. Binding to a calcium ion (Ca2+). B. Binding to a transition metal ions; a transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver. C. Binding to a metal ion. D. Binding to choline, the amine 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metal ion binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046872 1_1_lw1x4r6i,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathological transformation'?","A. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. B. TODO: Define. C. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. D. A pathological bodily process in which a canonical anatomical structure becomes a pathological anatomical structure.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pathological transformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000080 1_1_wcmozt52,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'squall'?","A. A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration of the order of minutes, and then a rather sudden decrease in speed. B. In mountain meteorology, an upslope wind driven by heating (usually daytime insolation) at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. C. The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. D. A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,squall,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Squall 1_1_uozukofx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'granular framework'?","A. a relatively large and conspicuous fragment in a sediment or sedimentary rock B. any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast. C. Constituent forms a rigid arrangement of particles that support one another at their points of contact...constituting a mechanically firm structure capable of supporting open pore spaces, although interstices may be occupied by cement or matrix D. the enclosed crystal in a poikolitic texture",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,granular framework,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/GranularFramework 1_1_x132v451,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of emericellamide biosynthetic process. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of syringal lignin biosynthetic process. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of diorcinol biosynthetic process. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocrocin biosynthetic process.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of syringal lignin biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901429 1_1_wquolnek,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other pneumonia'?","A. A lung infection caused by an unspecified pathogen B. An infection of one or both lungs C. infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. D. an infection of your lungs caused by certain bacteria.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000186 1_1_nmyexnvb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tire repairer or changer'?","A. Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites. B. Repair and replace tires. C. Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment that is automatic or tended by other workers. D. Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,tire repairer or changer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49309300 1_1_v3pj32iw,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Free'?","A. Game inspired by real events or verisimilar, with gimmicks such as historical points of divergence (e.g. the Fallout franchise occours in a reality where transistors weren't invented) or liminal contexts (such as a burglar breaking into an house) B. Game offers elements entirely of fantasy and disconnected from worldly reality, in a positive fashion C. Game doesent' offer a complex plot, rather gives the player a meager initial context in order to emphasize the creative possibilities D. Game offers typical horror or innatural elements",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Free,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Free 1_1_xb9pimr1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to organic dust'?","A. A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium. B. allergic alveolitis and pneumonitis due to inhaled organic dust and particles of fungal, actinomycetic or other origin C. Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors D. A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to organic dust,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000188 1_1_gbjyisok,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'concurrent non-daily dual user'?","A. A dual product user who particpates in use of both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes every day. B. A dual product user who is also an e-cigarette user participating in use that is less than daily frequency. C. A person who engages in e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. D. A dual product user who reports predominanly smoking.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,concurrent non-daily dual user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000366 1_1_36m80aye,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'kidney resident dendritic cell'?","A. Immature interstitial dendritic cell is a interstitial dendritic cell that is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low. B. A resident-dendritic cell that is part of a kidney. C. A cell that is part of an interstitum of a renal medulla. D. A cell that is part of kidney interstitium.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,kidney resident dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000699 1_1_gh77w1oh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Non-harvest proportion - computation'?","A. Calculate as: the Number of plants not harvested, divided by the Number of plants planted, e.g. 2 / 24 = 0.08. B. Calculate as: the length of a year (e.g. 365 days) divided by the Plant crop cycle or the Ratoon crop cycle, e.g. 365 / 334 = 1.09. C. Calculate as: the sum of the Fruit pulp lateral diameter measurements, divided by the number of those measurements, e.g. (3.1 + 4.8 + 3.7 + 4.6 + 5.6 + 6.4) / 6 = 4.7. D. Ratio of leaf dry mass versus plant dry mass",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Non-harvest proportion - computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010072 1_1_zkwvyu28,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic viral hepatitis C'?","A. Inflammation of the liver in humans caused by hepatitis b virus lasting six months or more. B. Hepatitis (not hepatitis A or hepatitis B); inflammation of the liver C. Inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis c virus lasting six months or more D. liver is damaged which makes it hard to digest food.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic viral hepatitis C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000401 1_1_myvz7yw1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lexicography'?","A. A subfield of lexicology which looks at what a particular language contributes to its vocabulary, such as grammars. B. The broad study of words regardless of a language's specific properties. It is concerned with linguistic features that are common among all languages, such as phonemes and morphemes. C. A subfield of lexicology which is devoted to the evolution of words and word-formation over time. It investigates the origins of a word and the ways in which its structure, meaning, and usage have since changed. D. The study of language lexicons, either in a practical sense or in a theoretical sense, in relationship to dictionaries.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lexicography,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011030 1_1_15v42t5z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Scleral sulcus'?","A. Appendicular skeletal system, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of pelvic girdle and some instance of lower free limb. B. Anatomical fissure of eyeball, each instance of which is some groove at the junction of some sclera and cornea. C. Hepatic lymph node located along right hepatic artery. D. Periodontium that connects a secondary tooth to the maxilla.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Scleral sulcus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma58411 1_1_leku5oir,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Corporation'?","A. A company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal identity from its members, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business. Although some jurisdictions refer to unincorporated entities as companies, in most jurisdictions the term refers only to incorporated entities. B. A corporation is a legal entity which, while being composed of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack. C. A kind of (philanthropic) organization, set up as a legal entity either by individuals or institutions, with the purpose of distributing grants to support causes in line with the goals of the foundation D. A voluntary association (also sometimes called an unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Corporation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Corporation 1_1_aojsp25i,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Curated Holding'?","A. This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained (“curated” and “preserved,” in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan. Typical instances of curated holdings are museum collections, archives, library holdings and digital libraries. A digital library is regarded as an instance of E18 Physical Thing because it requires keeping physical carriers of the electronic content. Items may be added or removed from an E78 Curated Holding in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Curated Holding who is often referred to using the name of the E78 Curated Holding (e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”). Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps, or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Curated Holding. This is because they form wholes, either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation. Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. In particular, it includes the information encoding features on mechanical or digital carriers.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E78 Curated Holding,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E78_Curated_Holding 1_1_4aib1mb1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ductal carcinoma in situ'?","A. A breast carcinoma in situ that is characterized by being non-invasive, not having spread outside of the duct into the surrounding breast tissue, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from epithelial cells. B. A breast carcinoma in situ that is characterized by abundant eosinophilic apocrine cytoplasm and large nuclei. It is a variant of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. C. A ductal carcinoma in situ that is characterized by the presence of comedo-type of tumor cell necrosis in which the necrotic areas are surrounded by a solid proliferation of malignant pleomorphic cells. D. A breast carcinoma in situ that is characterized by abnormal cells are found in the lobules (glands that make milk) of the breast.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ductal carcinoma in situ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060074 1_1_fb7aoaup,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of double-strand break repair via break-induced replication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901591 1_1_oehx1jwq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'follicle cell of egg chamber migration'?","A. The orderly movement of epithelial cells within the mammary line that contributes to the formation of the mammary placode. B. The directed movement of an ovarian follicle cell that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. C. The orderly movement of a podocyte from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure. A podocyte is a specialized kidney epithelial cell. D. The orderly movement of an epithelial cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,follicle cell of egg chamber migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007297 1_1_2u1tr9nt,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling calm'?","A. A subjective affective feeling of being wide awake, alert, having active attention and perception. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves a subjective experience of an impulse to engage in a behaviour. C. A subjective affective feeling of being calm, being relaxed, being at peace. D. A subjective affective feeling of not being in control, not being able to gain agency of one's own behavior.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling calm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000114 1_1_79olzd64,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'physical quality'?","A. A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. B. A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. C. A quality in which events occur in sequence. D. A quality which inheres in a continuant.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,physical quality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001018 1_1_00d9qv3d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'axon microtubule bundle'?","A. An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment. B. An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other. C. Any microtubule bundle that is part of a cytoplasm. D. A ciliated duct part of a tracheal submucosal gland.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,axon microtubule bundle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901589 1_1_63h2neel,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome apex'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit. B. A cardinal organ part , usually apical, that is part of a carpel or group of fused carpels on which the pollen germinates. C. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root . D. The apical portion of a phyllome.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome apex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025139 1_1_dtvlaz7i,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Procedure and treatment not carried out because of contraindication'?","A. a medical procedure performed to replace bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed by disease, infection, or chemotherapy B. a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. C. a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but that displays no signs or symptoms. Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the disease. D. medications used to treat cancer",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Procedure and treatment not carried out because of contraindication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000112 1_1_adz13wgn,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Criterion score'?","A. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement. B. Class describing criterioa that depend on a value judgement. C. Class to describe an award criterion and its score. D. Class describing the contracts where the contracting authority participates concurrently with the natural or legal person.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Criterion score,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#CriterionScore 1_1_mlrrm9ru,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kaw'?","A. A Midwestern Native American tribe of the Dhegihan branch of the Siouan language group. There are two federally recognized Ponca tribes: the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska and the Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma. Their traditions and historical accounts suggest they originated as a tribe east of the Mississippi River in the Ohio River valley area and migrated west for game and as a result of Iroquois wars. B. A group of Native Americans who speak any of the languages belonging to the Dhegihan language family. C. A federally recognized Midwestern Native American tribe who reside on the Omaha Reservation in northeastern Nebraska and western Iowa, United States. The Omaha Indian Reservation lies primarily in the southern part of Thurston County and northeastern Cuming County, Nebraska, but small parts extend into the northeast corner of Burt County and across the Missouri River into Monona County, Iowa. D. A federally recognized Native American tribe in Oklahoma and parts of Kansas. They come from the central Midwestern United States. The tribe known as Kaw have also been known as the ""People of the South wind"", ""People of water"", Kansa, Kaza, Kosa, and Kasa. Their tribal language is Kansa, classified as a Siouan language.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Kaw,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005958 1_1_mou8h9tn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'neurologist'?","A. A physician who treats disease, injury, and deformity by operation or manipulation that involves gaining access to the patient's body by incisional access. B. A physician who specializes in childbirth. C. Physician trained in medical specialty; that is, a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or philosophy. D. A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the nervous system.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,neurologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17721 1_1_kk5ihxmo,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular metabolic process'?","A. A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. B. Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). C. The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. D. The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in axons.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cellular metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044237 1_1_8qv9xsfw,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'spoken communication'?","A. A spoken communication process is a linguistic communication process that: (a) involves as participant at least two linguistically capable organisms; (b) one of whom produces an utterance that is well-formed in a given spoken language; (c) the other of whom perceives and understands that utterance by virtue of their recognition of the meaning of the utterance through their knowledge of the language. B. A linguistic communication process is a communication process in which the information that is communicated is encoded in language. C. A linguistic communication in which the meaning units are encoded in a sign language. D. A written communication process is an interpersonal process that: (a) involves as participant at least two organisms, (b) one of whom produces a message in writing that is well-formed in a given language; (c) the other of whom reads the message and understands it.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,spoken communication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000084 1_1_lj4rd6c4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'long lateral tassel branch meristem'?","A. The meristem present on either or both the long lateral branch and central spike of a maize tassel that gives rise to short tassel branch. B. The meristem present on short tassel branch that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems in a maize tassel. C. The meristem that gives rise to the long lateral branch in the maize tassel. D. An inflorescence axillary meristem that gives rise to the long lateral tassel branch , short tassel branch , and tassel spikelets in a tassel inflorescence .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,long lateral tassel branch meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009104 1_1_gepxj0k8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pointed proximal second through fifth metacarpals'?","A. The cell cycle 'gap' phase which is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis). B. An increased concentration of glutamine in the urine. C. All of the metacarpal bones of the hand have a pointed proximal appearance. D. Some or all of the metacarpal bones (i.e., metacarpal II to V) have a pointed proximal appearance.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pointed proximal second through fifth metacarpals,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001223 1_1_5ctqk7os,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pericytoma with t(7;12)'?","A. A carcinoma that derives_from transitional epithelial cells. B. A pituitary gland disease resulting from excessive production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). C. A congenital muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type A that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in POMT1 on 9q34.13. D. A perivascular tumor that is characterized by a perivascular pattern of spindle-to-ovoid cell proliferation and that has_material_basis_in t(7;12)(p22;q13) translocation with resultant ACTB-GLI1 fusion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pericytoma with t(7;12),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080896 1_1_2gwd4hih,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mating behavior, sex discrimination'?","A. The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. B. The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle. C. The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner. D. The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"mating behavior, sex discrimination",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048047 1_1_gbz1kwe9,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of biological process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of biological process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048519 1_1_4b3pyt3g,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'infectious disease process'?","A. The process in which an autoimmune disease unfolds. B. A pathological bodily process that occurs in the fetus during fetal development C. The process in which an infectious disease unfolds D. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,infectious disease process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000140 1_1_j35sczy5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem rust infection type seedling NA8'?","A. A qualitative analysis of the type of disease symptoms exhibited by seedlings inoculated with crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) race NGCC-94 during greenhouse trials. Ratings made using the scale from Murphy (1935) immune/nearly immune= 0, highly resistant= 1, moderately resistant= 2, moderately susceptible= 3, and completely susceptible= 4. B. Visual assessment of the color of the grain. C. A qualitative analysis of the type of disease symptoms exhibited by seedlings inoculated with stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae) race NA8 during greenhouse trials. Ratings made using the scale from Stakman et al. (1962): immune= 0, very resistant= 1, moderately resistant= 2, moderately susceptible= 3, and very susceptible= 4. D. Estimation of the avenanthramide B relative abundance by UPLC",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem rust infection type seedling NA8,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005644 1_1_v1izhwo4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'coniferyl p-coumarate'?","A. A cinnamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy of coniferol with the carboxy group of trans-4-coumaric acid. B. An arenesulfonic acid that is guaiacol sulfated at position 4. Commonly used (in the form of its potassium salt) as an expectorant. C. An enone that is 4E-heptene-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 7 and a phenyl group at position 1. Isolated from Alpinia officinarum, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. D. A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is a lignan obtained by cyclodimerisation of ferulic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,coniferyl p-coumarate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86599 1_1_mupils6o,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'genomeIntervals'?","A. affxparser is a package for parsing Affymetrix files (CDF, CEL, CHP, BPMAP, BAR). It provides methods for fast and memory efficient parsing of Affymetrix files using the Affymetrix' Fusion SDK. B. The ABarray is designed to work with Applied Biosystems whole genome microarray platform, as well as any other platform whose data can be tranformed into expression data matrix. C. This package provides a comprehensive collection of various microarray-based classification algorithms both from Machine Learning and Statistics. Variable Selection, Hyperparameter tuning, Evaluation and Comparison can be performed combined or stepwise in a user-friendly environment. D. Tools for operation on genomic intervals.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,genomeIntervals,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000558 1_1_8rvj8fni,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'corticobasal syndrome'?","A. Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by multifaceted motor system dysfunctions and cognitive defects such as asymmetric rigidity, bradykinesia, limb apraxia, and visuospatial dysfunction. B. A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in the pathological aggregation of tau protein in so-called neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the human brain. C. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. D. A neurodegenerative disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia and has_material_basis_in expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) resulting in neuron degeneration affecting muscle coordination, cognitive abilities.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,corticobasal syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018696 1_1_enprxlyx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'nor-spermidine metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving thermospermine. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane. C. The modification of polyamines by addition of acetyl groups. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving trimethylenediamine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,nor-spermidine metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046204 1_1_zvk7why1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'hyperphyll'?","A. A lamina that is part of a plant organ . B. The unifacial terete apical portion of a monocot cotyledon, sometimes also visible on other leaves. C. A cardinal organ part which is an elongated part of a carpel or gynoecium between the plant ovary and the stigma , and through which the pollen tube grows. D. A cardinal organ part that is an angular projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,hyperphyll,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020044 1_1_iq7rs7zc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-threonic acid'?","A. The L-enantiomer of threonic acid. B. A maltotetraose tetrasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form. C. A C6, medium-chain fatty acid carrying a double bond at any position along the main chain. D. Zwitterionic form of an N(5)-acyl-L-ornithine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,L-threonic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15908 1_1_0wacjlh3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male pornographic film award'?","A. A pornographic film award related to LGBTQIA+ persons or culture. B. A pornographic film award related to gay men or gay male culture. C. Stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age. D. A gender identity in question, in the process of being questioned, or otherwise being explored.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male pornographic film award,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012023 1_1_fruqjy2i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'activated CD4-positive type I NK T cell'?","A. A type I NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and IL-4, and has the phenotype CD4-positive, CD69-positive, and downregulated NK markers. B. A type I NK T cell that has the phenotype CD4-positive. C. A mature NK T cell that predominantly secretes type 2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 and enhances type 2 immune responses. D. A mature NK T cell that secretes interferon-gamma and enhances type 1 immune responses.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,activated CD4-positive type I NK T cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000925 1_1_3kichiae,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial adult myoclonic epilepsy 4'?","A. A familial adult myoclonic epilepsy characterized by onset of tremor affecting the fingers, hand, and voice in adolescence or young adulthood with somewhat later onset of rhythmic myoclonic jerks and generalized tonic-clonic seizures that has_material_basis_in a heterozygous 5-bp repeat expansion in STARD7 on chromosome 2q11.2. B. A familial adult myoclonic epilepsy that has_material_basis_in a heterozygous 5-bp repeat expansion in the RAPGEF2 gene on chromosome 4q32.1. C. A familial adult myoclonic epilepsy characterized by onset of seizures in adolescence, followed by the development of cortical myoclonic tremor that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CNTN2 gene on chromosome 1q32.1. D. A familial adult myoclonic epilepsy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the YEATS2 gene on chromosome 3q27.1.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial adult myoclonic epilepsy 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111693 1_1_stme6wo9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'heme oxidation'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,heme oxidation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006788 1_1_srjr3rye,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parietal lumbar lymph node'?","A. Chorda tendinea of the left ventricle which attaches the papillary muscle to another papillary muscle of left ventricle or to the wall of left ventricle. B. Immaterial anatomical entity, each instance of which consists of a maximum number of some instances of discontinuous members of the same class. Examples: set of intermetatarsal spaces, set of coronal planes, segt of dermal ridges. C. Parietal lymph node of abdomen proper located around aorta and inferior vena cava, between aortic hiatus of diaphragm and bifurcation of aorta. D. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the anterior and inferior walls of right ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Parietal lumbar lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84599 1_1_dp1ww3xb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhombomere 8 roof plate'?","A. A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 5. B. A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 6. C. A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 7. D. A rhombomere roof plate that is part of a rhombomere 8.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,rhombomere 8 roof plate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005590 1_1_syocvirs,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation'?","A. The process of hardening of a chitin-based cuticle. B. Catalysis of the reaction: ent-copalyl diphosphate = ent-kaur-16-ene + diphosphate. C. OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K18 acetylation. D. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K18 acetylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902029 1_1_n1ysfa3y,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Document'?","A. A document composed of the pages in a comics publication. B. A comics publication. C. A sequence of juxtaposed panels, text, and other pictorial elements. D. A creative work of sequential art: the juxtaposition of text, images, and other pictorial elements to communicate information.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Document,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Document 1_1_obb1biuo,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ac-D-Phe-His-D-Pro-NH2'?","A. A tripeptide composed of L-glutamic acid, L-isoleucine and L-serine joined by peptide linkages. B. A tripeptide composed of L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, and L-cysteine joined by peptide linkages. C. A tripeptide comprising N(2)-acetyl-D-phenylalanine, L-histidine and D-prolinamide residues coupled in sequence. D. A tripeptide composed of one D-alanine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Ac-D-Phe-His-D-Pro-NH2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73016 1_1_hhak285a,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD8-alpha-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cell'?","A. A CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD8-alpha-positive and CD4-positive. B. CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte that is CD11c-low, CD45R-positive, GR1-positive and CD11b-negative. C. A CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD8-alpha-negative and CD4-positive. D. Immature CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-low plasmacytoid dendritic cell that is CD80-low and CD86-low.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,CD8-alpha-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002456 1_1_2ah3cw1r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Male sterility group'?","A. Describes the extent of outcrossing of male sterile lines B. This is a compound trait used for F1 hybrids combining the proportion of fertile spikelets at maturity with the proportion of fertile pollen at anthesis C. A classification of male sterility according to the type or cause of sterility D. The degree of male (pollen) sterility",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Male sterility group,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000091 1_1_bh21e5c2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mediterranean savanna'?","A. A subtropical savanna which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. B. A forest ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. C. A biome which is subject to mediterranean climatic conditions. D. A savanna biome which is subject to mediterranean climate patterns.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mediterranean savanna,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001921 1_1_drfms27a,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Estimation - Storage root cracking method'?","A. Observe the stigma color and rate it B. Observe the texture of the storage root skin and rate it C. Observe the cracking of the storage root and rate it. Average cracking shown in ten plants D. Observe the pubescence of the vine apex and rate it. Degree of hairiness of immature leaves recorded at the apex of the vines",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Estimation - Storage root cracking method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000238 1_1_o0yvzf3h,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'chiropractic clinic'?","A. A medical clinic which is used to provide chiropractic services. B. A medical clinic which is used to provide physical therapy services. C. A medical clinic which is used to provide medical services focused on maintaining and improving the oral health of clients. D. A medical clinic which is used to provide massage therapy services.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,chiropractic clinic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501184 1_1_3c85hfer,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 3'?","A. Alzheimer's disease with an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN1 gene. B. Alzheimer's disease with an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN2 gene. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 10p13. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q21.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011913 1_1_cqlnfwtg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''BioMVCClass''?","A. MDQC is a multivariate quality assessment method for microarrays based on quality control (QC) reports. The Mahalanobis distance of an array's quality attributes is used to measure the similarity of the quality of that array against the quality of the other arrays. Then, arrays with unusually high distances can be flagged as potentially low-quality. B. Annotation of peaklists generated by xcms, rule based annotation of isotopes and adducts, EIC correlation based tagging of unknown adducts and fragments C. LibSBML is a free, open-source programming library to help you read, write, manipulate, translate, and validate SBML files and data streams. It provides interfaces for C, C++, C#(.NET), Java, MATLAB, Octave, Perl, Python R and Ruby. LibSBML is available for free under LGPL terms in both source-code form and precompiled binaries for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. D. Creates classes used in model-view-controller (MVC) design that uses Biobase",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'BioMVCClass',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100044 1_1_27hcc9m4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'amyl nitrite'?","A. Rabbis who are LGBTQIA+. B. An interdisciplinary field of study analyzing the cultural, historical, and interpersonal impact of the asexual experience on society. C. A chemical compound with the formula C5H11ONO. A variety of isomers are known, but they all feature an amyl group attached to the nitrite functional group. The alkyl group is unreactive and the chemical and biological properties are mainly due to the nitrite group. Like other alkyl nitrites, amyl nitrite is bioactive in mammals, being a vasodilator, which is the basis of its use as a prescription medicine. As an inhalant, it also has a psychoactive effect, which has led to its recreational use with its smell being described as that of old socks or dirty feet.[1] It is also referred to as banapple gas. D. a group of chemical compounds based upon the molecular structure R-ONO. Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid. They are distinct from nitro compounds.. Alkyl nitrites were initially, and largely still are used as medications and chemical reagents, a practice which began in the late 19th century. In their use as medicine, are often inhaled for relief of angina and other heart-related symptoms of disease. However, when referred to as ""poppers"", alkyl nitrites represent recreational drugs.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,amyl nitrite,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000680 1_1_jkk4fiu7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cantaloupe fruit food product'?","A. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. B. A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. C. Cantaloupe (also known as muskmelon (India and the United States), mushmelon, rockmelon (in Australian states and in New Zealand), sweet melon, spanspek (South Africa), or capuchin (Scotland) refers to a variety of the Cucumis melo species in the Cucurbitaceae family. D. A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cantaloupe fruit food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001288 1_1_9e0y146v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mediterranean woodland ecosystem'?","A. A forest ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. B. A woodland ecosystem which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. C. A biome which is subject to mediterranean climatic conditions. D. A woodland ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mediterranean woodland ecosystem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001916 1_1_3518akqg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special education teacher, middle school'?","A. Research conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets. Gather information to determine potential sales of a product or service, or plan a marketing or advertising campaign. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May employ search marketing tactics, analyze web metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking and visibility to target markets. B. Teach academic, social, and life skills to middle school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution activities in accordance with organizational policies and applicable government laws or regulations. Includes logistics managers. D. Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"special education teacher, middle school",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25205700 1_1_klz4dhnx,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'education administrator, postsecondary'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate student instruction, administration, and services, as well as other research and educational activities, at postsecondary institutions, including universities, colleges, and junior and community colleges. C. Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications. D. Teach courses in sociology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"education administrator, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11903300 1_1_wkbszmhi,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'salt gland'?","A. An organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs, seabirds, and some reptiles.[WP]. B. Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction. C. A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas. D. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,salt gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004758 1_1_z1rlrjc7,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gateway Types'?","A. A Pool represents a Participant in a Process. It is also acts as a ""swimlane"" and a graphical container for partitioning a set of activities from other Pools, usually in the context of B2B situations. B. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. C. Icons within the diamond shape will indicate the type of flow control behavior. The types of control include: 1. exclusive -- exclusive decision and merging. Both Data-Based and Event-Based. Data-Based can be shown with or without the ""X"" marker. 2. esclusive -- inclusive decision and merging 3. complex -- complex conditions and situations (e.g., 3 out of 5) 4. parallel -- forking and joining Each type of control affects both the incoming and outgoing Flow. D. There are two ways of grouping the primary modeling elements through ""swimlane"": Pools and Lanes",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Gateway Types,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#gateway_types 1_1_9lcs1pgs,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Region of secondary palate'?","A. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some internal nose that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. B. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some pes anserinus that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. C. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some secondary palate that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. D. Organ subdivision cluster which consists of nerves, lymphatic vessels, arteries and/or veins.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Region of secondary palate,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma313128 1_1_va18xw4h,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xylp-(1->2)]-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc'?","A. A branched amino pentasaccharide consisting of the linear trisaccharide N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine having alpha-L-fucosyl residues attached at position 2 of the galactose and position 4 of the glucosamine. Corresponds to a partial structure of blood group A type 1 oligosaccharide. B. A highly branched amino oligosaccharide consisting of a D-GlcNAc residue at the reducing end with a alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc undecasaccharide moiety attached via a beta-(1->4)-linkage and an L-Fuc residue attached via an alpha-(1->3)-linkage. C. A branched amino heptasaccharide consisting of a beta-D-GlcNAc residue at the reducing end with a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc moiety attached via a beta-(1->4)-linkage. D. A branched amino decasaccharide comprised of a linear trisaccharide chain of a beta-D-glucose residue and two N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues, all connected by beta-linkages, to the mannose residue of which are (1->3)- and (1->6)-linked two trisaccharide branches each comprised of a beta-D-galactose residue, an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residue and an alpha-D-mannose residue, these connected sequentially by (1->3) and (1->2) linkages, together with an alpha-L-fucose residue (1->6)-linked to the reducing-end Nacetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residue.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xylp-(1->2)]-beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_191207 1_1_jqlq76u3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'childcare worker'?","A. Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors. B. Compile information and records to draw up purchase orders for procurement of materials and services. C. Perform technical activities at power plants or individual installations necessary for the generation of power from geothermal energy sources. Monitor and control operating activities at geothermal power generation facilities and perform maintenance and repairs as necessary. Install, test, and maintain residential and commercial geothermal heat pumps. D. Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and childcare institutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,childcare worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39901100 1_1_u0w8ivrl,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'C-type lectin domain family 4 member K'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human CD207 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a translation product of the mouse Ren1 or Ren2 genes, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human FCER2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human IL2RB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,C-type lectin domain family 4 member K,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001293 1_1_v45izrd5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''beadarraySNP''?","A. This package creates a tabular style data object where most data is stored outside main memory. A buffer is used to speed up access to data. B. Importing data from Illumina SNP experiments and performing copy number calculations and reports. C. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) is a public repository of microarray data. Given the rich and varied nature of these data, it is only natural to want to apply BioConductor tools to these data. D. Functions to Analyze Microarray (Gene Expression) Data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'beadarraySNP',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000480 1_1_yx190bb9,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'adrenal cortex chromaffin cell'?","A. A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal cortex. B. Hormone secreting cell located in the cortex of adrenal gland. Glandular cells in the adrenal cortex secrete mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens. C. A chromaffin cell that is part of the adrenal gland. D. A cell of the adrenal cortex. Cell types include those that synthesize and secrete chemical derivatives (steroids) of cholesterol.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,adrenal cortex chromaffin cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000427 1_1_0lisk2ht,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-tricontanoylicosasphinganine'?","A. A C20 dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). B. A C20 dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexacosanoyl. C. A ceramide that is the N-docosanoyl derivative of eicosasphinganine. D. A C20 dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as tricontanoyl.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-tricontanoylicosasphinganine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72032 1_1_oll4uxee,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hepatic cord'?","A. The collection of muscles that are part of the larynx. B. A three-dimensional arrangement formed by plates of hepatocytes, usually one cell thick, that radiates from the center of the liver lobule; hepatic laminae are highly branched, irregular structures bordered by endothelial lined vascular spaces called hepatic sinusoids. C. Corpuscular, organoid structures composed of PNECs, found as distinctive innervated clusters only within intrapulmonary airways, where they appear concentrated at airway branch points; NEBs reach from the basement membrane to the airway lumen and are thought to function as oxygen sensors. D. The intracranial dura mater, consisting of two layers: the outer periosteal layer which normally always adheres to the periosteum of the bones of the cranial vault; and the inner meningeal layer which in most places is fused with the outer. The two layers separate to accommodate meningeal vessels and large venous (dural) sinuses. The meningeal layer is also involved in the formation of the various dural folds, such as the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli and is comparable to and continuous with the dural mater of the spinal cord. The cranial epidural space is then a potential space between the bone and the combined periosteum/periosteal layer of the dura mater realised only pathologically and is neither continuous with or comparable to the vertebral epidural space.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hepatic cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005452 1_1_auxw1c1m,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '(R)-5-diphosphomevalonic acid'?","A. An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. B. The 5-diphospho derivative of (R)-mevalonic acid. C. A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3). D. A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,(R)-5-diphosphomevalonic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15899 1_1_ow0t9h6s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominant 2B'?","A. A spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance that is characterized by decreased fetal movements and are congenital contractures consistent with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BICD2 gene on chromosome 9q22. B. A spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance that is characterized by early childhood onset of muscle weakness and atrophy predominantly affecting the proximal and distal muscles of the lower extremity, although some patients may show upper extremity involvement and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BICD2 gene on chromosome 9q22. C. A spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the DYNC1H1 gene on chromosome 14q32. D. A spinal muscular atrophy that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance and is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting in the lower limbs, most affecting the thigh muscles.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominant 2B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070350 1_1_32jtv7ub,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'white supremacy'?","A. An ideology which holds that a certain ethnic group or racial group is superior to others, and that they should dominate, control, and subjugate others, or are entitled to do so. B. A racist and white supremacist ideology which views the ""Nordic race"" as an endangered and superior racial group. C. A white supremacist ideology which views the supposed Aryan race as a distinct and superior racial group which is entitled to rule the rest of humanity. Initially promoted by racist theorists such as Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Aryanism reached its peak of influence in Nazi Germany. In the 1930s and 40s, the regime applied the ideology with full force, sparking World War II with the 1939 invasion of Poland in pursuit of Lebensraum, or living space, for the Aryan people. The racial policies which were implemented by the Nazis during the 1930s came to a head during their conquest of Europe and the Soviet Union, culminating in the industrial mass murder of six million Jews and eleven million other victims in what is now known as the Holocaust. D. The racist belief that white people are superior to people of other races and therefore should be dominant over them. White supremacy has roots in scientific racism, and it often relies on pseudoscientific arguments. Like most similar movements such as neo-Nazism, white supremacists typically oppose members of other races as well as Jews.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,white supremacy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002292 1_1_d3y1su6l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'curator'?","A. Administer collections, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items, or scientific specimens of museums or other institutions. May conduct instructional, research, or public service activities of institution. B. Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. May study topics, such as public opinion, political decisionmaking, and ideology. May analyze the structure and operation of governments, as well as various political entities. May conduct public opinion surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents. C. Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals. D. Teach courses in library science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,curator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25401200 1_1_tt4yrgyp,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'preputial surgical procedure'?","A. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the urogenital system. B. Surgical procedures performed on parts of the genital system. C. Any of various surgical procedures performed on the prepuce of the penis. D. Any of various surgical procedures performed on the prepuce of the penis or the prepuce of the clitoris.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,preputial surgical procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008155 1_1_voycgdj2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sesquiterpenoid'?","A. 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. B. A 3-oxoacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid. C. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. D. Any terpenoid derived from a sesquiterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C15 skeleton of the parent sesquiterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sesquiterpenoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26658 1_1_0zh5staf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dystonia 32'?","A. A dystonia characterized by onset of symptoms in adulthood, sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal movements or posturing. The disorder is slowly progressive with eventual generalized involvement of the limbs, trunk, neck, and larynx, resulting in dysarthria and dysphagia. Brain imaging may show abnormalities in the basal ganglia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the VPS11 gene on chromosome 11q23. B. A dystonia characterized by childhood-onset dystonia primarily involving the hands and neck, with a fast tremor with superimposed myoclonus that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KCNN2 gene on chromosome 5q22. C. A dystonia that is characterized by focal or segmental dystonia with cranial, cervical, or upper limb involvement that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of variation in the chromosome region 1p36.32-p36.13. D. A dystonia that is characterized by paroxysmal choreoathetosis and progressive spastic paraplegia, with episodes often precipitated by alcohol, fatigue, or emotional stress, and that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of heterozygous mutation in the solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) gene on chromosome 1p34.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,dystonia 32,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060939 1_1_hayactcy,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spleen cancer'?","A. A lymphatic system cancer that has_material_basis_in endothelial cells located_in lymphatic vessels. B. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. C. A lymphatic system cancer that affects white blood cells and involves tumor deposits in the spleen. D. A leukemia that is located_in the spleen. It results_in an enlargement of the leukemia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spleen cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_672 1_1_9bto7dp8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leydig cell neoplasia'?","A. Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the testis of neonates and infants is an uncommon lesion frequently associated with abnormal sex chromosome and ambiguous genitalia. B. Underdevelopment of the interstitial (Leydig) cells of the testis. These cells produce testosterone. C. The presence of a neoplasm of the testis. D. The presence of a neoplasm of the testis with origin in a Leydig cell.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Leydig cell neoplasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100618 1_1_2073vbtt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of membrane invagination'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane invagination. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,negative regulation of membrane invagination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905154 1_1_yip8r4vh,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior chest'?","A. Anatomical compartment wall which surrounds abdominal cavity and its content. B. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster, each instance of which consists of meshwork of some connective tissue filled with marrow cells, such as myelocytes, megakaryocytes and fat cells, and located within cavity of some bone. C. Heterogeneous cluster that connects the pharynx to the tracheobronchial tree. Examples: There is only one larynx. D. subdivision of thorax, each instance of which is posterior to the plane of the posterior boundary of the middle mediastinum; it has as its constitutional part some complete set of thoracic vertebral arches (T1-T12); together with anterior chest constitutes the thorax. Examples: There is only one posterior chest.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior chest,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma87552 1_1_viljun7s,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'radio frequency identification device specialist'?","A. Design and implement radio frequency identification device (RFID) systems used to track shipments or goods. B. Maintain and support distributed and decentralized blockchain-based networks or block-chain applications such as cryptocurrency exchange, payment processing, document sharing, and digital voting. Design and deploy secure block-chain design patterns and solutions over geographically distributed networks using advanced technologies. May assist with infrastructure setup and testing for application transparency and security. C. Purchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts, supplies, or services necessary for the operation of an establishment. Purchase raw or semifinished materials for manufacturing. May negotiate contracts. D. Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,radio frequency identification device specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17207201 1_1_jnd5anaf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N,1,2-trioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine(1-)'?","A. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine(1-) in which the N-acyl group is specified as arachidonoyl while the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both specified as oleoyl; major species at pH 7.3. B. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine(1-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate group of N-hexadecanoyl-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; major species at pH 7.3. C. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine(1-) in which the N-acyl group and the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as oleoyl (9Z-octadecenoyl); major species at pH 7.3. D. A N-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine where the acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol molecule are unspecified.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N,1,2-trioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine(1-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85291 1_1_mp2jz1ee,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'isotianil'?","A. A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. B. A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-dichloro-1,2-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid with o-cyanoaniline. It is a fungicide used for the control of rice blast. C. A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. D. An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3',4',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-amine. Used to control a number of cereal fungal pathogens including those belonging to the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Zygomycetes families.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,isotianil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83657 1_1_p7cowdjc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate(1-)'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of glutaric acid. B. An optically active form of tyrosinate having L-configuration. C. A L-alpha-amino acid anion which is the conjugate base of L-dopa, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group: major species at pH 7.3. D. Conjugate base of (3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartic acid arising from deprotonation of the two carboxy groups and protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(3R)-3-hydroxy-L-aspartate(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58196 1_1_6ajbv77t,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'siltstone'?","A. A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. B. A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. C. A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. D. A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,siltstone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000269 1_1_nhapcbld,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'individual health risk'?","A. A bodily disposition that is a person's likelihood of an adverse health outcome. B. A bodily disposition to undergo pathological processes characterized by physiological or psychological dysfunction that exists in an organism because of homeostatic disruption resulting from the cessation or reduction of repeated drug exposure. C. A bodily disposition which is realised as impaired functioning following reduction or termination of use of a psychoactive substance as a result of long-term physiological adaptation to that substance. D. A that inheres in some extended organism.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,individual health risk,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000244 1_1_ghgudxgc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'establishment of organelle localization'?","A. The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location. B. The process by which an organelle membrane interacts with another membrane via molecular tethers that physically bridge the two membranes and attach them to each other. C. The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location. D. The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,establishment of organelle localization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051656 1_1_r6nbtsq5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ileal lymph node group'?","A. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the trunk of portal vein. B. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is posterior to common hepatic artery. C. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the ileum. D. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the distal segment of trunk of splenic artery.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Ileal lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277575 1_1_obl8b6th,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesonephric connecting tubule'?","A. The mesonephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the mesonephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO]. B. The mesonephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the mesonephric nephron; it connects the distal tubule to the collecting duct in the mesonephros. C. The connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct[GO]. D. The metanephric connecting tubule is a tubular segment of the metanephric nephron; it connects the distal convoluted tubule to the collecting duct in the metanephros[GO].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesonephric connecting tubule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006189 1_1_1g2f5770,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'triple-blind study design'?","A. An interventional design in which those carrying out the study, the participants and those specifying the statistical analyses are not informed of what intervention each participant will experience until after the data set is locked in preparation for the statistical analysis to be carried out. B. An interventional study design in which the participants are not informed about which of two or more interventions they are to experience until after an endpoint has been reached. C. An interventional study design in which study participants are informed which of two or more interventions that they are to experience. D. An interventional study design in which participants are randomly allocated to receive one of two or more interventions or no intervention using a study randomisation process.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,triple-blind study design,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001295 1_1_rn7r46w2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'taxonomy'?","A. A hierarchical classification of things. B. A classification of the range of different levels at which humans vary in sexual characteristics. C. A classification system used to transform descriptions of medical diagnoses or procedures into standardized statistical code in a process known as clinical coding. D. The system in which users apply public tags to online items, typically to make those items easier for themselves or others to find later. Over time, this can give rise to a classification system based on those tags and how often they are applied or searched for, in contrast to a taxonomic classification designed by the owners of the content and specified when it is published.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,taxonomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004259 1_1_k07lnn64,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary amide'?","A. A derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. B. The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. C. An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. D. An amide is a derivative of an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,primary amide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33256 1_1_auca2ig2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'polysexuality'?","A. Polysexuality is sexual attraction to multiple, but not all, genders. B. The state of being sexually attracted to members of female and male sexes (in non-human animals). In humans, bisexuality has historically been used to mean attraction to men and women, but is usually used today to refer to persons who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to persons with a gender or genders like theirs and those with a gender or genders unlike theirs. C. A sexual orientation characterized by the potential for aesthetic attraction, romantic love and/or sexual desire for people, regardless of their gender identity or biological sex. D. The state of being sexually and romantically attracted to members of more than one gender.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,polysexuality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000710 1_1_pwm5nqxo,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'haematology unit facility'?","A. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide haematological medical services. B. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide psychiatric medicine. C. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide high dependency care. D. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pain management.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,haematology unit facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501151 1_1_7jlouqm1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Average - Flag leaf-1 length'?","A. Measure length of representative leaves below the flag leaf on the main culm, from the ligule to the tip of the blade. Take the average length B. Grow the male sterile line in the field, ensuring an abundant supply of pollen from other plants while it is flowering. Calculate the proportion of seed set on the out-pollinated primary panicles C. Calculate from the number of filled spikelets per m2 and the number of panicles per m2 D. Take the total dry weight of stems, leaves and panicles per plant",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Average - Flag leaf-1 length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001189 1_1_49uj7s79,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian mating behavior'?","A. The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle. B. ""Endogenously driven roughly 24-hour cycle in biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes."" [GOC:bf] C. The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males. D. ""Behavior related to all sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep."" [NBO:GVG]",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,circadian mating behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035648 1_1_c00w558d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepal'?","A. A phyllome that is usually green, and is part of the calyx . B. A phyllome that is part of a perianth where it is not possible to distinguish between the petals and sepals . C. A lateral plant organ produced by a shoot apical meristem . D. A phyllome that develops from a tepal and remains attached to a fruit at maturity.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009031 1_1_g9ef70r4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'monocytoid B cell'?","A. A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B cell mediated immunity. B. A B cell that is CD19-positive. C. A B cell found in the perisinusoidal area of a lymph node. In humans, monocytoid B cells are a morphologically distinct B cell population (oval nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, monocyte-like appearance), share many similarities with marginal zone B cells including marker expression, and are increased in disease settings. D. A B cell found in the lymph node medullary sinus.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,monocytoid B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009114 1_1_cu19klon,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasal nicotine-containing product'?","A. A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking. B. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to absorb nicotine through the nasal mucosa. C. A nicotine-containing product that is a licensed drug D. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to draw a nicotine-containing vapour into the respiratory tract so that nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of this tract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nasal nicotine-containing product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001205 1_1_ms2qcjzc,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'customs or border protection officer'?","A. Escort individuals or groups on sightseeing tours or through places of interest, such as industrial establishments, public buildings, and art galleries. B. Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from the United States or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations. C. Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere. D. Perform dances. May perform on stage, for broadcasting, or for video recording.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,customs or border protection officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33305104 1_1_s6h5mdco,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Statement_In_Writing'?","A. Not to be confused with the actual writing/document itself, which is the medium of the statement. B. The assertion is subject to a fit between words and world, in Searle's terms. It's propositional content can be true of false. If it is inconsistent with other assertions, beliefs, observations, it may come to be considered false. C. A promise is a communicated attitude about some future action or state D. A communictated attitude is a propositional attitude involved in an act of communication.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Statement_In_Writing,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Statement_In_Writing 1_1_hc6lwn6h,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Comprehensive_Place'?","A. A place is comprehensive if it always covers every place (and thus also every location-complex) and every object. B. A relative place is defined by some reference to some object/thing C. A location complex is a relatively stable complex of places referred to as one: it is the maximal collection of places with the same reference object. D. A place is a spatio-temporal-occurrence",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Comprehensive_Place,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/relative-places.owl#Comprehensive_Place 1_1_oxl01tgs,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'slender'?","A. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts or projections being interlocked; for example, the fingers of two hands that are clasped. B. Shape quality inhering in a bearer expanding outward, or having parts expanding outward, from a center point. C. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being small or narrow in circumference or width in proportion to length or height. D. To bent or hang downwards.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,slender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002212 1_1_52ssx43j,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete maigesPack'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete maigesPack,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000610 1_1_m3dsabp8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to hermaphrodite contact'?","A. The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. B. Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva. C. The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. D. Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,response to hermaphrodite contact,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034606 1_1_ljspnjia,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'estuarine open water upper water column'?","A. A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. B. A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. C. A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. D. A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,estuarine open water upper water column,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001316 1_1_0ty2n1be,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell. B. Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in parathyroid gland development. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac neural crest cell that will migrate to the heart and contribute to its development. Cardiac neural crest cells are specialized cells that migrate toward the heart from the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches. D. Any neural crest cell differentiation that is involved in thymus development.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,neural crest cell differentiation involved in parathyroid gland development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902638 1_1_h91vhob5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Back of body proper'?","A. subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which is a regional part of some neck. Examples: front of neck, back of neck, throat. B. subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which is a regional part of trunk. Examples: back, front of trunk, thorax, abdomen, pelvis. C. subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which has as its constitutional part the thoracic, lumbar and sacral parts (T1-S5) of some vertebral column. Examples: There is only one trunk. D. subdivision of body proper, each instance of which has as its direct parts some back of neck and some back of trunk. Examples: There is only one back of body proper.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Back of body proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14181 1_1_b7rsk1fi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'haar'?","A. A name applied to a wet sea fog or very fine drizzle that drifts in from the sea in coastal districts of eastern Scotland and northeastern England. It occurs most frequently in summer. B. Fog formed as a result of evaporation of water that is warmer than the air. C. 1. According to U.S. weather observing practice, a fog that hides less than 0.6 of the sky and does not extend to the base of any clouds that may lie above it. As an obstruction to vision in an aviation weather observation, ground fog is encoded GF. 2. See radiation fog. D. A type of fog formed when air flows upward over rising terrain and is, consequently, adiabatically cooled to or below its dewpoint.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,haar,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/Haar 1_1_vomtrdz9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size'?","A. A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange. B. Any process that increases the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing. C. Any process that modulates the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing. D. Any process that reduces the size of an imaginal disc-derived wing.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of imaginal disc-derived wing size,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044720 1_1_fz1scyvj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biofuels production manager'?","A. Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organization's budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate quality assurance programs. Formulate quality control policies and control quality of laboratory and production efforts. D. Manage biofuels production and plant operations. Collect and process information on plant production and performance, diagnose problems, and design corrective procedures.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,biofuels production manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11305103 1_1_s6vi4iir,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaphragm disease'?","A. A diaphragm disease characterized by the lack of development of all or part of the diaphragm, which results in an abnormal opening that allows the stomach and intestines to move into the chest cavity and crowd the heart and lungs. B. A muscular disease that is located_in the diaphragm. C. A musculoskeletal system disease that affects the muscles. D. A muscular disease located in the muscle tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,diaphragm disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10481 1_1_mo908zg1,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'disappointment'?","A. A negative emotion that is aversive and provoked by the prospect of distal threat. B. A negative emotion accompanying uncertainty about a judgement or decision. C. Disappointment is a negative emotion which is triggered by the disconfirmation of the prospect of a desirable event. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative, high intensity emotion characterised by loss of hope and loss of interest. Associated with action tendencies of harm to self or others. [Source: OCEAS]",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,disappointment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000051 1_1_awxiq1s4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'brain stem infarction'?","A. A brain infarction that is characterized by stroke of the brain stem that develops from blockage or narrowing in the arteries located_in the brainstem, has_material_basis_in damage to the cranial nerve nuclei and long tracts, has_symptom vertigo, has_symptom imbalance, has_symptom decreased level of arousal. B. A cerebrovascular disease that is characterized by tissue necrosis located_in the brain, resulting from inadequate blood flow through the brain. C. A brain stem infarction that is characterized by hoarseness, dizziness, nausea, located_in the lateral part of the medulla oblongata that develops from a blockage in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or one of its branches or of the vertebral artery, has_symptom vertigo, has_symptom ipsilateral cerebellar signs, has_symptom contralateral sensory deficits of limbs and torso, has_symptom ipsilateral sensory deficits of face, has_symptom laryngeal, pharyngeal, and palatal hemiparalysis, has_symptom ipsilateral Horner's syndrome. D. A cerebrovascular disease that is characterized by an area of necrotic tissue in the brain resulting from a blockage or narrowing in the arteries supplying blood and oxygen to the brain.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,brain stem infarction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3523 1_1_ilwxzg5f,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'generated ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. B. An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV. C. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. D. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,generated ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000014 1_1_kfq5l8i7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'MSTVInc - Counting'?","A. Count the number of plants that are affected by maize stripe virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. B. Count the total number of emerged striga plants per plot. It is counted three times, 8 weeks, 10 weeks and 12 weeks after planting. C. Count total number of plants per plot. D. Count the number plants that are damaged by busseola (african stem borer) per plot.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,MSTVInc - Counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000589 1_1_61jjevx8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'branch'?","A. A shoot axis that bears only a flower or a fruit . B. A shoot axis that develops from an axillary bud meristem or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell . C. A shoot axis that is the primary axis of a plant. D. A plant axis that is part of a shoot system .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,branch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025073 1_1_5wvnr6l6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: an aldehyde + H2O + NAD+ = a carboxylate + 2 H+ + NADH. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = acetate + NADH + 2 H+.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004029 1_1_yu9wfng8,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'polymetallic nodule'?","A. Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. B. Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. C. The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. D. A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,polymetallic nodule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000112 1_1_xw410ejk,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as being liked'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event was expected to occur. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the urgency of responding to an event. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a judgement that one is being liked D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how predictable an event was.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as being liked,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000192 1_1_5j5ncniy,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'opioid analgesic'?","A. A narcotic or opioid substance, synthetic or semisynthetic agent producing profound analgesia, drowsiness, and changes in mood. B. An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. C. A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. D. An opioid that is a naturally occuring psychoactive substance derived from the plant papaver somniferum",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,opioid analgesic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35482 1_1_iilfciye,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10'?","A. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of progressive postnatal microcephaly, severely delayed psychomotor development and hypomyelination that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PYCR2 gene on chromosome 1q42. B. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of early infantile onset of global developmental delay, lack of development, lack of speech acquisition, and peripheral spasticity associated with decreased myelination in the central nervous system that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the AIMP1 gene on chromosome 4q24. C. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of severely delayed or even lack of psychomotor development that becomes apparent in the first months of life, acquired microcephaly and delayed myelination that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the VPS11 gene on chromosome 11q23. D. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by onset of hypotonia, nystagmus, and mildly delayed motor development in infancy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TMEM106B gene on chromosome 7p21.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060788 1_1_3mk0nrhv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pthirid'?","A. A genus of lice. There are only two extant species, and they are the sole known members of the family Pthiridae. Pthirus gorillae infests gorillas, and Pthirus pubis afflicts humans, and is commonly known as the crab louse or pubic louse. The two species diverged some 3.3 million years ago. B. A taxonomic family within the order Psocodea. C. Blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They only occur on about 20% of all placentalian mammal species, and are unknown from several orders of mammals (Monotremata, Edentata, Pholidota, Chiroptera, Cetacea, Sirenia, and Proboscidea). They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases. Children appear particularly susceptible to attracting lice, possibly due to their fine hair. D. A gene that plays a role in the control of gene expression at the level of RNA transcription.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pthirid,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/121229 1_1_quklqqs3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepsis DP, unspecified organism'?","A. The viral hemorrhagic (or haemorrhagic) fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. B. the presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues. C. colitis (inflammation of the large intestine) resulting from infection with Clostridium difficile, a spore-forming bacterium. D. A condition in which candida albicans, a type of yeast, grows out of control in moist skin areas of the body",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"sepsis DP, unspecified organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000320 1_1_c372iwve,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of endothelial cell migration'?","A. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of endothelial cell migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010596 1_1_to6hy0q2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fire inspector or investigator'?","A. Design, fabricate, adjust, repair, or appraise jewelry, gold, silver, other precious metals, or gems. B. Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine cause of fires and explosions. C. Repair, clean, and adjust mechanisms of timing instruments, such as watches and clocks. Includes watchmakers, watch technicians, and mechanical timepiece repairers. D. Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for research and development of new products or processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards, and other work involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,fire inspector or investigator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33202100 1_1_a47pdsrl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylethanolamine 40:4 zwitterion'?","A. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 40 carbons in total with 4 double bonds. B. 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as heptanoyl and hexanoyl respectively. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the 1-acyl group is specified as palmitoyl. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine zwitterion in which the 2-acyl group is specified as octanoyl while the 1-acyl group remains unspecified.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylethanolamine 40:4 zwitterion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71744 1_1_cogdw0pv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Secondary achene stripe position'?","A. Secondary achene stripe position B. Determination of width of a single “typical” phyllary C. Plant weight D. Leaf perimeter",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Secondary achene stripe position,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000840 1_1_0x5im8df,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'health risk'?","A. A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing a given disease over a defined time period. B. A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing cardiovascular disease or pulmonary disease over a defined time period. C. A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing adverse health outcomes over a defined time period. D. A disposition of a person involving the probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor over a defined time period.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,health risk,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001364 1_1_r1d1aypv,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'loamy sand'?","A. Soil which is primarily composed of sand with silt and clay in progressively smaller proportions. B. Autoclaved sand is sand that has been sterlised by exposure to high pressure saturated steam at at least 121 degrees Celsius. C. Sand which is part of a desert. D. Sand which is composed primarily of fine particles.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,loamy sand,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105272 1_1_mgrjstwd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Incidence rate'?","A. A data item that refers to the number of individuals with a given disease at a given point in time divided by the population at risk at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time. B. A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. C. A data item that refers to the number of new events that have occurred in a specific time interval divided by the population at risk at the beginning of the time interval. The result gives the likelihood of developing an event in that time interval. D. Mortality from all causes in a given time interval, for a given population.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Incidence rate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000052 1_1_zm8900d5,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Exception'?","A. A cause is an epistemic role played by something which is the outcome of a (chain) of processes B. An exception is something that is excluded from a general statement or does not follow a rule. In LKIF rules, an exception is a rule which has an exception relation to another rule (cf. Deliverable 1.1) C. A fact is a proposition (about something) which is (commonly) agreed upon to hold as true: it has some backing in evidence D. proposes something that usually is the case, although there is no specific evidence that it is true in this particular case",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Exception,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Exception 1_1_3k8lggrp,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'love'?","A. A strong emotion associated with feelings of desire, warmth and intimacy for another person. [Source: OCEAS] B. A strong, negatively valenced emotion directed against a whole person for who or what they are. Often directed at whole groups based on religion, ethnicity, or race. [Source: OCEAS] C. An emotion disposition is a disposition to repeated emotion process individuated by being of the same type and about the same object. D. Less intense, longer-lasting love which is characterised by affection, commitment, intimacy and a concern for the welfare of the loved one. [Source: OCEAS]",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,love,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000048 1_1_ave178yi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'environment control function'?","A. A function which is realised by a chemical when applied to a material, such that it alters the material's colour. B. A spring through which fluid intermittently flows. C. An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature. D. A function realised by an environmental material when used to bind material entities together.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,environment control function,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000401 1_1_hl7uj89y,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'amidoxime'?","A. Amidines of general formula RC(=NOH)NR(1)R(2), in which the imino nitrogen is substituted by a hydroxy group. B. Amidines of sulfinic acids, RS(=O)OH; thus RS(=NR)NR2. C. Derivatives of oxoacids RnE(=O)OH in which the hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group and the oxo group is replaced by =NR. In organic chemistry an unspecified amidine is commonly a carboxamidine. D. A member of the class of amidoximes obtained by formal condensation of the carbonyl group of benzamide with hydroxylamine.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,amidoxime,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65234 1_1_wvw3v15o,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel'?","A. A lower glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel pedicellate spikelet. B. A lower glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel sessile spikelet. C. An epicotyl that is part of a plant embryo . D. A lower glume that is part of a tassel spikelet.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lower glume of sessile spikelet of tassel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006386 1_1_zvyvmiy1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'procambium'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that is found on the abaxial side of a developing phyllome . B. A portion of meristem tissue that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue . C. A thin band of intercalary meristematic tissue at the junction of a leaf blade (lamina) and a leaf sheath found in grasses. D. A portion of meristem tissue that has as parts protoderm and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,procambium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025275 1_1_2iw7el2e,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiovascular system'?","A. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. B. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. C. Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. D. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cardiovascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004535 1_1_s0ihd9d4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'frontal inversion'?","A. In meteorology, a departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric quantity; also, the layer through which this departure occurs (the inversion layer), or the lowest altitude at which the departure is found (the base of the inversion). B. A temperature inversion (temperature rising with height) in the atmosphere, encountered upon vertical ascent through a sloping front (or frontal zone). C. An organized lifting zone of cumulus and towering cumulus clouds, connected to and extending outward from the mature updraft tower of a supercell or strong multicell convective storm. D. The three-part change of the atmospheric boundary layer that typically occurs during fair weather over land on sunny days. In the early morning, the mixed layer is shallow, slowly deepening, cool (in a potential temperature sense), and is capped by the remains of the stable boundary layer from the previous night. In mid- to late morning, the top of the mixed layer exhibits rapid rise as heating eliminates the nocturnal inversion, and the mixed layer grows through the residual layer. The third stage in late morning and afternoon is that of a deep (order of 1?2 km) convective boundary layer of relatively constant depth.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,frontal inversion,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidInstability/FrontalInversion 1_1_dul697cl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cumulonimbus cloud'?","A. Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. B. A cloud which is primarily composed of water-based aerosols. C. A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer with a fairly uniform base or, less frequently, ragged patches, 2) is composed of small water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). D. A cloud which 1) has been shaped into dense, mountain-like forms or one or more tower-like forms with a flattened upper portion, which often spreads out in the shape of an anvil or plume, 2) is composed of water droplets and, especially in its upper portion, ice crystals, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage), but can extend into the middle and high level of the atmosphere.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cumulonimbus cloud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001419 1_1_sfpj64vy,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-GTP(4-)'?","A. Tetraanion of S-nitrosothiol arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate groups; Major species at pH 7.3. B. An organophosphate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of carbamoyl adenylate, obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate group. C. An organophosphate oxoanion formed by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of any 2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphate. D. A modified GTP nucleotide lacks a hydroxyl group at the 3' carbon of the ribose moiety; major microspecies at pH 7.3",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-GTP(4-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_191857 1_1_28aomjny,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'odontoclast'?","A. A specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue, which typically differentiates from monocytes. This cell has the following markers: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5-positive, PU.1-positive, c-fos-positive, nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit-positive, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A-positive and macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-positive. B. A specialized mononuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. C. A specialized multinuclear osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum. D. A specialized osteoclast associated with the absorption and removal of cementum.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,odontoclast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000588 1_1_neb0jx6n,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Directive'?","A. Examples are European Union directive, a legislative act of the European Union and Directives, used by United States Government agencies (particularly the Department of Defense) to convey policies, responsibilities, and procedures. B. A legal code bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legislative body. It cannot bear expressions which are not uttered by a legislative body. C. A contract bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some natural person or legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent. D. The word decree is often used as a derogative term for any authoritarian decision",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Directive,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Directive 1_1_4tgnnse3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve'?","A. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of mitral valve together. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart, each instance of which attaches the right posterior cusp of some aortic valve to the septal leaflet of some tricuspid valve and is continuous with the membranous part of some cardiac septum. C. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of tricuspid valve together. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the left posterior cusp of the aortic valve to the wall of heart.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85236 1_1_v5ffekwa,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dithiohemiacetal'?","A. A thiohemiacetal of structure R2C(SR')SH , R' =/= H . B. The sulfur analogue of 'hemiacetal'. The class includes compounds of structure R2C(SR')OH or R2C(OR')SH (monothiohemiacetals), or R2C(SR')SH (dithiohemiacetals), R' =/= H . C. A thiohemiacetal of structure R2C(SR')OH or R2C(OR')SH. D. A dithiohemiacetal of structure R2C(SR')SH , R =/= H, R' =/= H.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dithiohemiacetal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59798 1_1_nu3ungd4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'photographic process worker or processing machine operator'?","A. Process new insurance policies, modifications to existing policies, and claims forms. Obtain information from policyholders to verify the accuracy and completeness of information on claims forms, applications and related documents, and company records. Update existing policies and company records to reflect changes requested by policyholders and insurance company representatives. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber. C. Perform work involved in developing and processing photographic images from film or digital media. May perform precision tasks such as editing photographic negatives and prints. D. Operate and tend bridges, canal locks, and lighthouses to permit marine passage on inland waterways, near shores, and at danger points in waterway passages. May supervise such operations. Includes drawbridge operators, lock operators, and slip bridge operators.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,photographic process worker or processing machine operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51915100 1_1_k8ny33w7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'heroin'?","A. An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives. B. A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. C. A morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties. D. A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,heroin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27808 1_1_oil8sups,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'advanced sleep phase syndrome 3'?","A. An advanced sleep phase syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CSNK1D gene on chromosome 17q25. B. An advanced sleep phase syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PER3 gene on chromosome 1p36.23. C. An advanced sleep phase syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TIMELESS gene on chromosome 12q13. D. A sleep disorder that involves an altered circadian rhythm resulting in falling asleep in early evening and awaking very early in the morning.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,advanced sleep phase syndrome 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110013 1_1_25ci4nwh,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'asthma'?","A. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. B. a chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe C. when you have symptoms of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease D. a condition where the bronchial tubes of the lungs are permanently damaged, widened, and thickened",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,asthma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000200 1_1_mxjabw5t,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'somatic stem cell division'?","A. Symmetric division of a stem cell to produce two stem cells of the same type as the parent. Symmetric stem cell division is necessary for amplification of stem cell populations in the absence of sources of stem cells external to an existing population. B. The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types. C. The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. D. The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,somatic stem cell division,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048103 1_1_7ri8aoyy,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain gap wind'?","A. In mountain meteorology, an upslope wind driven by heating (usually daytime insolation) at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. B. A local wind blowing through a gap between mountains, a gap wind. This term was introduced by R. S. Scorer (1952) for the surface winds blowing through the Strait of Gibraltar. When air stratification is stable, as it usually is in summer, the air tends to flow through the gap from high to low pressure, emerging as a ?jet? with large standing eddies in the lee of the gap. The excess of pressure on the upwind side is attributed to a pool of cold air held up by the mountains. Similar winds occur at other gaps in mountain ranges, such as the tehuantepecer and the jochwinde, and in long channels, such as the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Compare jet-effect wind, canyon wind, mountain wind. C. A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow. D. A warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mountain gap wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MountainGapWind 1_1_2llinhub,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'density'?","A. The density of a unit of water after it is raised by an adiabatic process to the surface, i.e., determined from in-situ salinity and potential temperature (AGI, 1980). Density that would be reached by a compressible fluid if it were adiabatically compressed or expanded to a standard pressure. B. 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. C. 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. D. Force per unit area.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,density,http://sweetontology.net/propMass/Density 1_1_g10v7iav,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropogenic bee hive structure'?","A. A human construction that has intentionally been placed into orbit. B. A human construction that serves as a structure in which bees can build their hives. C. A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. D. A human construction which supplies drinking water by squirting it into a basin or jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,anthropogenic bee hive structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000168 1_1_uzrblp6k,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'paired metamorphic belt'?","A. A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. [Wikipedia] B. Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] C. A geologic feature is a conceptual feature a that is hypothesized to exist coherently in the Earth that results from geological processes D. A location where belts of high pressure, low temperature metamorphism on the oceanic side are associated with belts of high pressure, high temperature metamorphism on the continent side. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,paired metamorphic belt,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/PairedMetamorphicBelt 1_1_ze1hm995,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain amylose content by DSC - Measurement'?","A. Determination of alcohol-soluble glucose content in dry matter by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) B. Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. C. Measure or calculate dry matter content of a sample by calculating the ratio of the weight of the sample after complete desiccation to the initial weight of the sample. D. Whole grain is ground and 10mg of flour is used for measurement by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of the enthalpy change of the formation of complexes between amylose and phospholipid observed during cooling.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain amylose content by DSC - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000245 1_1_tfdpb5ti,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhombomere 7 structural organization'?","A. The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order. B. The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order. C. The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order. D. The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,rhombomere 7 structural organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021672 1_1_phvbkfiz,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sub-process'?","A. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. B. A Sequence Flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a Process. C. A Sub-Process is a compound activity that is included within a Process. It is compound in that it can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Process) through a set of sub-activities. D. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool.",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Sub-process,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#sub_process 1_1_22n04ubm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'tab delimited file format'?","A. Tab delimited file format is a plain text file format where each field value of a record is separated from the next by a tab stop character. B. Gene Cluster Text file format C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. MAGE-TAB is a tab delimited data format comprimising of ADF file for array design, IDFfor experimental design, SDRF for sample data relationships and associated data files.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,tab delimited file format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000046 1_1_opymilub,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bract adaxial epidermis'?","A. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a bract . B. A portion of bract epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a bract . C. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a bract . D. A portion of bract epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a bract .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bract adaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025160 1_1_g906iwop,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'englacial process'?","A. _:244 B. _:248 C. Pertaining to the area in or at the bottom of, or immediately beneath, a glacier. D. Of streams, deposits, and other features, being immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, and formed by or derived from glacier ice.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,englacial process,http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/EnglacialProcess 1_1_t4x5btdu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'laboratory facility'?","A. A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. B. A toxicant that has an effect on the reproductive systsem. C. A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. D. A facility where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,laboratory facility,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001372 1_1_18sz9hod,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903969 1_1_mco8p0k8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malfunctioning process'?","A. Functioning process is a subtype of function-related process: A process that executes and manifests function. B. Function-related process is a process that related to the execution of a function, a metafunction, and the malfunction. C. Malfunctioning process is a subtype of function-related process: A process that cannot perform a function appropriately or cannot realize it at all. D. Dysfunctioning is a subtype of malfunctioning process: A process that performs an abnormal and incomplete functioning.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,malfunctioning process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TXPO_0000434 1_1_azldg6dx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf stomatal conductance method'?","A. Measure and record moisture content in seeds. Usually measured with a calibrated moisture analizer. B. Measure length of pods, usually recorded as average of 10 dry pods, taking 1 pod per plant, in 10 random representative plants. It is measured from its insertion in the pedicel to the beak end. C. Measure and record stomatal conductance using a leaf porometer on a fully expanded young leaf of one plant for each replication. D. Measured following standard protocol with penetrometer or Mattson cooker.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf stomatal conductance method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0000234 1_1_cejucn0e,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'wind chill index'?","A. A means of quantifying the threat of rapid cooling during breezy or windy conditions that may result in hypothermia in cold conditions. B. A descriptive measure of radiation in terms of the temperature of a hypothetical blackbody emitting an identical amount of radiation at the same wavelength. C. The temperature at which motionless saturated air would induce, in a sedentary worker wearing ordinary indoor clothing, the same sensation of comfort as that induced by the actual conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement. Effective temperature is used as a guide in air-conditioning practice, and, on the comfort chart (American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers), it appears as a family of curves that serves as one coordinate in defining comfort zones. D. The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,wind chill index,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperature/WindChillIndex 1_1_3lsyw9g5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'renal cell carcinoma'?","A. A renal carcinoma that has_material_basis_in the lining of the proximal convoluted renal tubule of the kidney. B. A kidney cancer that derives_from the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule (the very small tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and remove waste products). C. A renal cell carcinoma that develops in the renal medulla. D. A renal cell carcinoma that begins in distal collecting ducts of the kidney with a tubulopapillary morphology and intracytoplasmic mucicarminophilic material.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,renal cell carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4450 1_1_eatjrxcp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'terpenoid'?","A. Any isoprenoid that is a natural product or related compound formally derived from isoprene units. Terpenoids may contain oxygen in various functional groups. This class is subdivided according to the number of carbon atoms in the parent terpene. The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by the loss or shift of a fragment, generally a methyl group. B. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth. D. Any terpenoid derived from a diterpene. The term includes compounds in which the C20 skeleton of the parent diterpene has been rearranged or modified by the removal of one or more skeletal atoms (generally methyl groups).",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,terpenoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26873 1_1_0oc6uzez,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrocartilage'?","A. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which consists of elastic fibers. B. Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage. C. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel without a well-defined perichondrium. D. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fibrocartilage,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64784 1_1_awfbj4wx,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'annaffy'?","A. This package has two functions. One reads a Affymetrix chip description file (CDF) and creates a hash table environment containing the location/probe set membership mapping. The other creates a package that automatically loads that environment. B. maDB allows to create a simple microarray database to store microarray experiments and annotation data into it. Affymetrix GeneChip expression values as well as values from two color microarrays can be stored into the database. Whole experiments or subsets from a experiment (or also values for a subset of genes in a subset of microarrays) can be fetched back to R. Additionally maDB provides different utility functions for the microarray data analysis like functions to draw MA plots or volcano plots with the data points color coded according to the local point density or functions that allow a replicate handling of miroarrays. C. A package for processing protein mass spectrometry data. D. This package functions for handling data from Bioconductor Affymetrix annotation data packages.Allows searching biological metadata using various criteria.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,annaffy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000465 1_1_xzm72bqk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of hemopoiesis'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell development. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of hemopoiesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903706 1_1_4mdyn4hc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'self-appraisal in relation to a social group'?","A. An appraisal by a person about themselves B. A self-appraisal based on values held by a social group of which the person is a member. C. A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as good or desirable. D. A self-appraisal in which what is represented is appraised as bad or undesirable.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,self-appraisal in relation to a social group,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001320 1_1_zokpllwm,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Page'?","A. A visual frame containing part of a comics sequence. B. A comics story. C. The space between panels in a comics sequence. D. A page in a comics sequence.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Page,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Page 1_1_8vjnpkcu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptotic process.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of neutrophil apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033031 1_1_l16ydrqh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone foramen'?","A. A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. B. Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. C. Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. D. Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bone foramen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005744 1_1_frlpo60q,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'individually randomised controlled trial design'?","A. A randomised controlled trial design in which participants are randomised to study on more than one occasion during the study. B. An interventional study design in which participants are randomly allocated to receive one of two or more interventions or no intervention using a study randomisation process. C. A randomised controlled trial design in which individuals are randomly allocated to intervention arms. D. A randomised controlled trial design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention under conditions similar to those that would obtain were the intervention to be delivered in routine practice.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,individually randomised controlled trial design,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001305 1_1_j0vmbit1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed Raffinose content'?","A. Linolenic acid content of the seed oil i.e., linolenic acid weight per total oil weight of the seed B. Linoleic acid content of the seed oil i.e., linoleic acid weight per total oil weight of the seed C. The total isoflavone content of a seed. D. Raffinose content of a plant or plant part.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed Raffinose content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_336:0000216 1_1_mr52eb0y,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete ssize'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. The original label for this class, 'Clustering algorithm', was used in two separate class URIs. The first was SWO_0000500, initially created within the originalsoftwareontology.owl. The second URI is stored within swo_algorithms.owl and is an import from OntoDM (OntoDM_170075). As the SWO class contains no annotation beyond its label, and because OntoDM has more structure surrounding its algorithm classes, the OntoDM class was retained and the SWO class was deemed obsolete. The 6 usages of the SWO class were refactored to reference the OntoDM term and then the SWO class was marked as obsolete. Please use OntoDM_170075 instead. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete ssize,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000711 1_1_ka9qsnb0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cranial ganglion maturation'?","A. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trigeminal ganglion to attain its fully functional state. B. An unpaired bone situated at the base of the skull in front of the temporal bone and basilar part of the occipital bone. The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that articulate to form the orbit. Its shape somewhat resembles that of a butterfly or bat with its wings extended. C. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial ganglion to attain its fully functional state. D. A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for ganglion to attain its fully functional state.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cranial ganglion maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061558 1_1_jfirzhwo,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'membrane microdomain'?","A. The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites. B. A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it. C. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. D. Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,membrane microdomain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098857 1_1_1z89t3q9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'preschool teacher, except special education'?","A. Collect data on work environments for analysis by occupational health and safety specialists. Implement and conduct evaluation of programs designed to limit chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic risks to workers. B. Instruct preschool-aged students, following curricula or lesson plans, in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth. C. Operate, test, maintain, or adjust unmanned, automated, servomechanical, or electromechanical equipment. May operate unmanned submarines, aircraft, or other equipment to observe or record visual information at sites such as oil rigs, crop fields, buildings, or for similar infrastructure, deep ocean exploration, or hazardous waste removal. May assist engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment. D. Assist a preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher with instructional duties. Serve in a position for which a teacher has primary responsibility for the design and implementation of educational programs and services.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"preschool teacher, except special education",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25201100 1_1_8ec0vefz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia'?","A. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FRMD5 gene on chromosome 15q15. Affected individuals show delayed walking with an unsteady gait, variably impaired intellectual development, learning disabilities, and speech difficulties. B. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder characterized by delayed motor and speech acquisition, variably impaired intellectual development, and behavioral abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KDM4B gene on chromosome 19p13. C. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the TRIO gene on chromosome 5p15.2. D. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SETD5 gene on chromosome 3p25.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,neurodevelopmental disorder with eye movement abnormalities and ataxia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081275 1_1_hm1mxk29,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'micropylar endosperm'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the region of the endosperm closest to the micropyle of the seed. B. A portion of plant tissue that is the middle layer of a pericarp . C. A portion of plant tissue that is a single or double strand in the center of a non-vascular leaf and has as part hydrome or leptome . D. A portion of plant tissue composed of plant epidermal cells that develops from the protoderm and covers the surface of a plant structure .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,micropylar endosperm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000200 1_1_lbqrot4n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fallopian tube torsion'?","A. An abnormality of the fallopian tube. B. A swelling or enlargement localized to the Fallopian tube. The word mass is usually used at an early stage of the diagnostic workup before the precise nature of the swelling has been determined. C. A twisting of the Fallopian tube. Sudden onset with sharp, colicky pelvic pain associated with nausea, vomiting, bowel, and bladder symptoms is the usual presentation. D. A fluid filled sac located in the Fallopian tube.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fallopian tube torsion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012884 1_1_9zwdhmao,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenomyoma of uterine corpus'?","A. A female reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the uterus. B. An uterine benign neoplasm that is characterized by large, atypical nuclei in otherwise normal appearing leiomyoma and rare or absent mitotic figures and has_material_basis_in smooth muscle cells. C. An uterine benign neoplasm derived from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. D. A uterine benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in gland and muscle components.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,adenomyoma of uterine corpus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4994 1_1_v27cynm8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'time series analysis'?","A. A mental disposition to experience pleasure associated with cigarette smoking. B. A substance user who uses cocaine. C. A research activity in which parameters estimates describing features of a data set are output. D. A statistical analysis involving multiple data points arising from measures taken at repeated intervals that outputs parameter estimates describing changes over time in the data.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,time series analysis,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001357 1_1_imajecmk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'G protein-coupled amine receptor activity'?","A. Combining with a pyrimidine nucleotide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. B. Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids. C. Combining with the cyclic peptide hormone melanin-concentrating hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. D. Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,G protein-coupled amine receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008227 1_1_thiis171,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: benzoyl-CoA + H+ + NADPH + O2 = 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: (EE)-geranyllinalool + NADPH + O2 = 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene + NADP+ + 2 H2O. It is unknown whether this reaction proceeds by the direct release of the 4-carbon compound but-1-en-3-one, or whether the substrate is first degraded to C18-farnesylacetone and then cleaved to produce 4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) and acetone. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate + NADH + oxygen + H+ = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propionate + NAD+ + H2O. D. Catalysis of the reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + NADP+ + 2 H2O. This is a two step reaction. The first step is: abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol + + NADP+ + H2O. The second step is a spontaneous reaction: abieta-7,13-dien-18,18-diol = abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionate hydroxylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008688 1_1_dhyycuzp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of myelination'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of myelination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031643 1_1_e9k5mn7p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 71 with behavioral abnormalities'?","A. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the POGZ gene on chromosome 1q21.3. B. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CAMK2G gene on chromosome 10q22. C. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with hypotonia, speech delay, and variably impaired cognitive development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the RFX7 gene on chromosome 15q21. D. An autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SETD5 gene on chromosome 3p25.3.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 71 with behavioral abnormalities,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0061044 1_1_qi9bqzhn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'DnaA-HU complex'?","A. A protein-DNA complex containing the initiator protein DnaA bound to high-affinity recognition sites in the unique origin of replication, oriC. DnaA-oriC binding is the first step in assembly of a bacterial pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and is responsible for the timely initiation of replication once per cell cycle. B. A protein-DNA complex containing DNA-bound DnaA attached to HU. HU is a dimer encoded by two closely related genes. Essential for the initiation of replication in bacteria; stimulates the DnaA-dependent unwinding of oriC. C. Any of the protein-DNA complexes that contain a DNA helicase and associated protein(s) at the origin of replication, and build up to assembling the core primosome. The associated protein(s) chaperone the helicase to the DNA, and assembly of the pre-primosome is essential for the initiation or restart of replication. Pre-primosome complexes lack a primase component. D. Any of a family of protein complexes that form at the origin of replication or stalled replication forks and function in replication primer synthesis in all organisms. Early complexes initiate double-stranded DNA unwinding. The core unit consists of a replicative helicase and a primase. The helicase further unwinds the DNA and recruits the polymerase machinery. The primase synthesizes RNA primers that act as templates for complementary stand replication by the polymerase machinery. The primosome contains a number of associated proteins and protein complexes and contributes to the processes of replication initiation, lagging strand elongation, and replication restart.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,DnaA-HU complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990103 1_1_qs99ncrj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pistillode'?","A. A collective phyllome structure composed all of the carpels in a flower . B. A sterile pistil, often rudimentary. C. An upper glume that is part of an ear spikelet. D. A gynoecium in the early stages of development, characterized as a ridge on the abaxial surface of the floral meristem that develops from a gynoecium primordium.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pistillode,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009078 1_1_u157q1mw,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary lens fiber'?","A. The portion of the small intestine that extends from the duodenum to the ileum. B. The S-shaped body is the successor of the comma-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. C. A lens fiber cell that develops from primary lens fiber; located towards the center of lens; cell organelles are normally degraded or in the process of being degraded. D. An organism containing a developing embryo, fetus, or unborn offspring within the body.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,secondary lens fiber,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002225 1_1_7pzm7h5q,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bupropion'?","A. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. C. An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. D. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bupropion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3219 1_1_p4owbwwc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'continental crust'?","A. The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. [Wikipedia] B. Transitional crust is crust that is thinned by the upwelling of mantle. [Wikipedia] C. The continental crust is typically from 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick, and it is mostly composed of less dense rocks, such as granite, than is the oceanic crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of the igneous rock, andesite.[Wikipedia] D. D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,continental crust,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolContinental/ContinentalCrust 1_1_mcs152oq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'skill'?","A. A skill realized in analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. B. A skill realized in giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. C. A learned capability to perform an action with determined results with good execution often within a given amount of time, energy, or both. D. A skill realized in teaching others how to do something.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,skill,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000003 1_1_04rw760i,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ImageQuant'?","A. This is a general image analysis program used in the study of electrophoretic separations, dot blots, slot blots, microplate assays, TLC assays, and plaque assays. ImageQuant provides a point-and-click environment for fast analysis of qualitative and quantitative assays. With tools for accurate volume integration, ImageQuant generates accurate lane profiles even for curved or slanted lanes. B. This software has a series of analytical tools to address the manufacturing, detection and data analysis components of a microarray experiment. Together, these tools help optimize performance in an expression profiling study. C. Dynamically chooses cutoffs for grouping into present/divergent genes based on the shape of the distribution. More resistant to variation in hybridization data than CCACK. D. IntelliJ IDEA is a commercial Java IDE for developing software.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ImageQuant,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000236 1_1_v1o0jm0o,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'university campus'?","A. An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. B. A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. C. A human construction which serves as a memorial. D. A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,university campus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000467 1_1_efem6ler,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of drinking days per week'?","A. A data item that is about the population-level harm from product use of one product compared with another. B. A data item that is about the amount and quality of human and physical resources available to the inhabitants of a geospatial region. C. A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week. D. A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of drinking days per week,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000728 1_1_tq7fvvky,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fatty acyl-CoA'?","A. A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid. B. Any organic molecular entity derived from a fatty acid. C. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid. D. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fatty acyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37554 1_1_spplxe32,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'purine N-oxides'?","A. A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer). B. A silyl ether that is 2,6-dihydroxypurine carrying three trimethylsilyl substituents at positions O-2, O-6 and N-7. C. An A-type aurichin that is 1,2-dihydrofuro[2,3-c]quinoline 5-oxide which is substituted at position 2 by a (6E)-10-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylundeca-2,6-dien-10-yl group and at position 4 by a methyl group (relative configuration shown). Found in the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca strain Sg a15. D. Any N-oxide of a purine or purine derivative.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,purine N-oxides,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60341 1_1_sgw0zv50,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Impaired self monitoring'?","A. A behavioral abnormality whereby a person is unable to move freely from one situation, activity or aspect of aa problem to another as circumstances demand. Key aspects of shifting include the ability to make transitions, problem solve flexibly, switch or alternate attention, and change focus from one mind-set or topic to another. Mild deficits in the ability to shift compromise the efficiency of problem solving, whereas more severe difficulties are reflected in perseverative behaviors. Sometimes this is described as being rigid or inflexible. B. Impaired ability to anticipate future events, implement instructions or goals, and develop appropriate steps ahead of time in order to carry out a task or activity. C. Impaired ability to keep track of one's problem-solving success or failure, and to identify and correct mistakes during performance of a goal. D. Impaired ability to track awareness of the effect that one's behavior has on others and how it compares with standards or expectations for behavior.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Impaired self monitoring,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033070 1_1_2kqa447h,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'epistaxis'?","A. when the alveoli (helps exchange oxygen in air for CO2), don't fill with air B. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. C. A disorder characterized by bleeding from the nose D. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,epistaxis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000395 1_1_etcfmjh5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ear rot incidence'?","A. Ear rot incidence. B. Maize streak virus severity (MSV) severity. C. Brown stripe downy mildew (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae) incidence. D. Head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) severity.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ear rot incidence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000068 1_1_mzhap1fr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'manufactured cigarette disposition'?","A. A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of nicotine in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. B. A disposition inhering in a manufactured cigarette C. A disposition inhering in an e-cigarette battery. D. A disposition of a product.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,manufactured cigarette disposition,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001200 1_1_n32zvjut,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'PCNA complex'?","A. A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity. B. A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation. C. A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA1, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis. D. A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription from a RNA polymerase IV promoter.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,PCNA complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043626 1_1_l5uvgutm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Electra complex'?","A. Primarily the sexual desire of a stepmother for her stepson, though the term has been extended to cover difficult relationships between stepparents and stepchildren in general. B. A girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father. In the course of her psychosexual development, the complex is the girl's phallic stage; a boy's analogous experience is the Oedipus complex. C. An unshakable belief characterized by consistently inflated feelings of personal ability, privilege, or infallibility. A person with a god complex may refuse to admit the possibility of their error or failure, even in the face of irrefutable evidence, intractable problems or difficult or impossible tasks. D. A phenomenon affecting people who seek heroism or recognition, usually by creating a situation which they can resolve. This can include unlawful acts, such as arson. The phenomenon has been noted to affect civil servants, such as firefighters, nurses, police officers, and security guards.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Electra complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004424 1_1_m2b3do45,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'surprise'?","A. Grief is an intense negative emotion following a bereavement, i.e. the loss of a significant person through that person's death. [Source: OCEAS] B. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence. C. An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency. D. An emotion caused by encountering unexpected events.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,surprise,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000032 1_1_inyjn6bq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fence erector'?","A. Erect and repair fences and fence gates, using hand and power tools. B. Supervise and coordinate the activities of ground crew in the loading, unloading, securing, and staging of aircraft cargo or baggage. May determine the quantity and orientation of cargo and compute aircraft center of gravity. May accompany aircraft as member of flight crew and monitor and handle cargo in flight, and assist and brief passengers on safety and emergency procedures. Includes loadmasters. C. Monitor safety of the aircraft cabin. Provide services to airline passengers, explain safety information, serve food and beverages, and respond to emergency incidents. D. Inspect agricultural commodities, processing equipment, and facilities, and fish and logging operations, to ensure compliance with regulations and laws governing health, quality, and safety.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,fence erector,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47403100 1_1_k57z2zw5,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Language'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:VersionTable B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:InForceTable C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept either in concept scheme eli:AdministrativeAreaTable or in concept scheme https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/atu (Administrative Territorial Unit table published of the EU Publications Office).",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Language,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#Language 1_1_j0c3ja4x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylethanolamine (P-18:0/18:2)'?","A. A phosphatidylethanolamine P-36:2 in which the 1-alkenyl group contains 18 carbons and no additional double bonds while the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds. B. A hydroxy fatty acid obtained by hydroxylation of one of the two terminal methyl groups of isoheptadecanoic acid. C. A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. D. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl chain at position 1 and the acyl group at position 2 contain a total of 36 carbons and 2 additional double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylethanolamine (P-18:0/18:2),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136207 1_1_lp9uex6j,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyphosphates'?","A. A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. B. Any phosphate that is a salt or an ester of polyphosphoric acid or its chalcogen analogues. C. Any phosphate that contains no carbon atom. D. An abietane diterpenoid that is 11-hydroxysugiol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to a ring junction has been replaced by a hydroxy group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,polyphosphates,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26197 1_1_q14ov8z9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Gamma-Gamma hierarchical model'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Gamma-Gamma hierarchical model,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000172 1_1_vnuwysn3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basal vein'?","A. Cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the inner region of some cerebral hemisphere. B. Subdivision of surface of skull, each instance of which is some surface that bounds the groove for some sigmoid sinus. C. Deep cerebral vein, each instance of which arises at some anterior perforated substance, passes backward and around some cerebral peduncle and empties into some internal cerebral vein. D. Zone of fascia lata, each instance of which is a thickened longitudinal band of some fascia lata originating from smoe anterior superior iliac spine and extending from some tensor fasciae latae muscle downward along the lateral side of some thigh to the lateral condyle of some tibia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Basal vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50990 1_1_lraji70f,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Terror'?","A. The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. B. A severe episode of fear with strong associated discomfort and thoughts of impending harm. C. An extremely negative emotion that is an overwhelmingly strong fear. D. A negative emotion that is aversive and characterised by feelings of threat and impending doom, and by an urge to get out of the situation.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Terror,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000027 1_1_0jyb1n50,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'head blood vessel'?","A. A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. B. A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. C. A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. D. A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,head blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003496 1_1_jjr12u6t,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Permission required for commercial use'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. Permission required for commercial use is a clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource only to licensees who are commercial entites which have received explicit permission in the manner stipulated by the resource. C. Spot segmentation via model-based clustering and gridding for blocks within microarray slides D. Commercial use only is a usage restricted clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource only to licensees who are commercial entites.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Permission required for commercial use,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000143 1_1_wu3g4oci,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified cerebrovascular diseases'?","A. diseases of the blood vessels in the brain B. Bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. C. A disorder characterized by a decrease or absence of blood supply to the brain D. rare conditions that result in obstruction of one or more arteries that supply blood to the brain",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified cerebrovascular diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000565 1_1_e09tipee,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (human)'?","A. A urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A CD2 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A C-type lectin domain family 4 member K that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A glycophorin-A that is encoded in the genome of human.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q03405 1_1_n69o2n8o,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dG15'?","A. A nucleobase-containing molecular entity with an oligomeric structure comprised of a linear sequence of nucleotide residues. An oligonucleotide must contain at least 2 nucleotide residues and typically contains fewer than 30. B. An oligonucleotide comprised of fifteen 2'-deoxyguanosine residues connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. C. An oligonucleotide comprised of eight thymidine residues connected via 3'->5' phosphodiester linkages. D. An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of cyclic A(3'-5')pA(3'-5')pA(3'-5')p; major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dG15,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75698 1_1_6abaohx3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasal process of premaxilla'?","A. A bony projection of the premaxilla that extends cadually and separates the nasal bones. B. Epibranchials 1-3 in adults are compound elements formed by the fusion of epibranchial cartilages and the so-called uncinate processes. Posteromedially directed uncinate processes develop on the posterior edge of epibranchials 1-3. These appear as separate centers of chondrification (6.2 mm) that later fuse laterally to the posterior edges of the epibranchial cartilages (6.8 mm). C. Process that is cartilaginous and arises from the distal tip of middle anterior process of basipterygium. D. Median process located on the posterior end of the cricoid cartilage.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nasal process of premaxilla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018341 1_1_qjc6xzi5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma'?","A. A large B-cell lymphoma that is is characterized by a diffuse proliferation of medium to large B-cells associated with sclerosis. B. A B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by large lymphoid cells of the B-cell lineage that by definition form sheets or clusters. C. A large B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by the presence of large neoplastic cells resembling B-immunoblasts which have the immunophenotypic profile of plasma cells. D. A large B-cell lymphoma that is consisting of medium-sized to large B cells with a diffuse growth pattern.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080210 1_1_k83tkqz4,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitamin E'?","A. An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. B. An aldohexose used as a source of energy and metabolic intermediate. C. Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen. D. A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,vitamin E,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33234 1_1_db0qhhux,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pelvic intercleithral cartilage'?","A. A skeletal element that is part of a long bone and composed of cartilage tissue. B. Paired structures in the embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In both males and females the two swellings merge: in the female, they become the posterior labial commissure; In the male, they become the scrotum. C. A muscle layer that is part of a epididymis. D. Cartilage element that lies between processes of the cleithrum and pelvic girdle in gobioid fishes. Posterodorsal to the ventral end of each cleithrum is a posteriorly projecting process. The pelvic intercleithral cartilage (an unpaired, median structure) forms a bridge between the processes (From Springer, 1983).",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pelvic intercleithral cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4300151 1_1_0iaq54v0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'rib 3'?","A. A rib that is attached to a cervical vertebra. B. The third rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified]. C. Rib located in the trunk (ribcage) area (i.e. excluding cervical and caudal axial series. D. The ninth rib counting from the top of the rib cage down. Note that members of this class are not necessarily homologous[ncit,modified].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,rib 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004603 1_1_au0xi2jw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'body fluid fetishism'?","A. The sexual attraction to specific parts of the body. B. The sexual attraction to any of various bodily fluids. C. Sexual arousal and pleasure from feces. D. Sexual arousal from menstruation, especially from menstrual blood and other related menstrual byproducts.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,body fluid fetishism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009134 1_1_wb3a49td,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'mouth roof taste bud'?","A. A taste bud that is located on the roof of the mouth. B. A taste bud that is located external to the digestive tube, on the head or body, as found in species such as goldfish. C. A taste bud that is located on the soft palate, in the roof of the mouth. D. A taste bud that is located on the tongue, situated on a gustatory papilla.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,mouth roof taste bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0034722 1_1_41z9dkij,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal jugular venous pressure'?","A. An anomaly of the jugular venous pressure. The internal jugular veins, being continuous with the superior vena cava, provide a visible measure of the degree to which the systemic venous reservoir is filled. The vertical height above the right atrium to which they are distended and above which they are in a collapsed state provides an imperfect reflection of the right atrial pressure. B. An abnormality of the function of the veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart, i.e., the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. C. Increased jugular venous pressure. D. The examiner applies firm but persistent pressure over the liver for 10 seconds while observing the mean jugular venous pressure. Normally there is either no rise or only a transient (i.e., 2 to 3 sec) rise in mean jugular venous pressure. A sustained increase in the mean venous pressure until abdominal compression is released is abnormal and indicates impaired right heart function. This abnormal response is called hepatojugular reflux.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal jugular venous pressure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030847 1_1_c31lbbvc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'check dam'?","A. A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. B. A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. C. A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock. D. A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,check dam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000555 1_1_0sztc4te,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking at a faster rate'?","A. Speaking in a manner which is disturbed relative to what is the norm for that person. B. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions. C. Speaking in a manner that is faster than the norm for that person. D. Speaking with an altered rhythm or melody of speech relative to the norm for that person.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking at a faster rate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000162 1_1_ki3y7g3u,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'StrawCol Estimation'?","A. Observe the tendency of grain to sprout when in the spike and rate the tolerance. B. Standard method for worm damage. C. Standard method for straw color. D. Severity of leaf/stem/stripe rust is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,StrawCol Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000998 1_1_nkf16yrd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'nem'?","A. seqLogo takes the position weight matrix of a DNA sequence motif and plots the corresponding sequence logo B. Nested Effects Models to reconstruct phenotypic hierarchies C. Sample size and power analysis for microarray data, where two groups are analysed. D. This package provides mechanisms for automatic function prototyping and exposure of R functionality in a web services environment.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,nem,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000632 1_1_m5a48q6x,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'autoimmune disease process'?","A. A pathological bodily process in which a canonical anatomical structure becomes a pathological anatomical structure. B. TODO: Define. C. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. D. The process in which an autoimmune disease unfolds.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,autoimmune disease process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000132 1_1_ozfgrt72,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleus'?","A. A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. B. A network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components. C. A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane. D. The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005634 1_1_69imriyk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'placental epithelial cell'?","A. A pigment cell located in the epithelium of the iris. B. An epithelial cell of the placenta. C. An epithelial cell of the retinal pigmented epithelium. D. Epithelial cell derived from mesoderm or mesenchyme.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,placental epithelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002577 1_1_6j6fxwvx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'venous blood vessel morphogenesis'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of the glomerulus vasculature are generated and organized. The glomerulus vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the glomerulus.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,venous blood vessel morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048845 1_1_oajj8bq4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding'?","A. Binding to an Edg-3 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor. B. Binding to an Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. C. Binding to an Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. D. Binding to an endothelial differentiation G protein-coupled receptor.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031755 1_1_m2vlad1h,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in other organism'?","A. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. B. A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports C. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. D. The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044485 1_1_tm7wx742,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'datum label'?","A. A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label B. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. C. The mode of interaction with a piece of software. D. An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,datum label,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000009 1_1_ui4ssvdc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Slamf1-positive multipotent progenitor cell'?","A. A hematopoietic progenitor that has restricted self-renewal capability. Cell is Kit-positive, Ly6-positive, CD150-negative and Flt3-negative. B. A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD38-negative, CD45RA-negative, and CD90-negative. C. A lymphoid progenitor cell that is found in bone marrow, gives rise to B cells, T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, and has the phenotype Lin-negative, Kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, FLT3-positive, CD34-positive, CD150 negative, and GlyA-negative. D. A hematopoietic progenitor that has some limited self-renewal capability. Cells are lin-negative, Kit-positive, CD34-positive, and Slamf1-positive.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,Slamf1-positive multipotent progenitor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002036 1_1_v9cv5mbb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'forensic science technician'?","A. Design, develop, and evaluate the operation of marine vessels, ship machinery, and related equipment, such as power supply and propulsion systems. B. Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry. C. Apply principles and methods of bioinformatics to assist scientists in areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical informatics. Apply bioinformatics tools to visualize, analyze, manipulate or interpret molecular data. May build and maintain databases for processing and analyzing genomic or other biological information. D. Design, integrate, or improve manufacturing systems or related processes. May work with commercial or industrial designers to refine product designs to increase producibility and decrease costs.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,forensic science technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19409200 1_1_pohefdks,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'reproductive syndrome'?","A. Any of various syndromes primarily affecting the immunological system of the body. B. Any of various syndromes primarily affecting the reproductive system of the body. C. Syndromes which occur around orgasm or are otherwise related to orgasm. D. A syndrome which primarily affects the gonads.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,reproductive syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004885 1_1_rizg2prf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of firefighting or prevention worker'?","A. Teach or instruct individuals or groups for the primary purpose of self-enrichment or recreation, rather than for an occupational objective, educational attainment, competition, or fitness. B. Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere. C. Build, install, test, or maintain optical or fiber optic equipment, such as lasers, lenses, or mirrors, using spectrometers, interferometers, or related equipment. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in firefighting and fire prevention and control.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of firefighting or prevention worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33102100 1_1_9aog36jq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Anglicans'?","A. LGBTQ people who are Pentecostal. B. LGBTQ people who are Protestant. C. LGBTQ people who are Anglican. D. Protestant clergy who are LGBTQIA+.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Anglicans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008202 1_1_ielhdic8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'process'?","A. An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. B. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) C. A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. D. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 1_1_usw9vfbq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'computer hardware engineer'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate the management or operation of farms, ranches, greenhouses, aquacultural operations, nurseries, timber tracts, or other agricultural establishments. May hire, train, and supervise farm workers or contract for services to carry out the day-to-day activities of the managed operation. May engage in or supervise planting, cultivating, harvesting, and financial and marketing activities. B. Research, design, develop, or test computer or computer-related equipment for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use. May supervise the manufacturing and installation of computer or computer-related equipment and components. C. Implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production equipment to produce, test, or modify materials, devices, or systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition. Operate advanced microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. Work under the supervision of nanoengineering staff. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution activities in accordance with organizational policies and applicable government laws or regulations. Includes logistics managers.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,computer hardware engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17206100 1_1_uzu8ryjn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon. B. A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability. C. A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability. D. The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031086 1_1_153ukou5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem stele'?","A. A shoot axis stele that is part of a stem. B. A stele that is part of a shoot axis. C. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and is located behind the elongation zone and contains cells that are differentiating into their final form and function. D. A shoot axis stele that is part of a branch.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem stele,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025200 1_1_dyu3lwg0,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD'?","A. Digital Compact Cassette used as medium to record a musical manifestation. B. Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network C. Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,CD,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/CD 1_1_l9n3hot3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fetal encasement syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CHUK gene on chromosome 10q24 and is characterized by multiple fetal malformations including defective face and seemingly absent limbs, which are bound to the trunk and encased under the skin. B. A syndrome that is characterized by short stature, moderate to severe degrees of mental retardation, developmental abnormalities of the limbs, bones of the spine (vertebrae), extremities, and/or underdevelopment of the bones of the skeleton. C. A syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios with neonatal macrosomia, nephromegaly, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, nephroblastomatosis, and predisposition to Wilms tumor. It shows similarities to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. D. A syndrome characterized by blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus with (type I) or without (premature ovarian failure) that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or rarely homozygous mutation in the FOXL2 gene on chromosome 3q22.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,fetal encasement syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060647 1_1_7q0ogd4t,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''Biostrings''?","A. Software and data to support the case studies. B. Memory efficient string containers, string matching algorithms, and other utilities, for fast manipulation of large biological sequences or set of sequences. C. The bridge package consists of several functions for testing for dierential expression among mul- tiple samples D. The HOPACH clustering algorithm builds a hierarchical tree of clusters by recursively partitioning a data set, while ordering and possibly collapsing clusters at each level. The algorithm uses the Mean/Median Split Silhouette (MSS) criteria to identify the level of the tree with maximally homogeneous clusters. It also runs the tree down to produce a final ordered list of the elements. The non-parametric bootstrap allows one to estimate the probability that each element belongs to each cluster (fuzzy clustering).",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'Biostrings',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100048 1_1_nucm8e05,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone trabecula formation'?","A. The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. B. The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue. C. The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod. D. The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,bone trabecula formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060346 1_1_njr1vqni,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'substance'?","A. A material entity that is a human made strcuture with firm connection between its foundation and the ground. B. A material entity that is not an object. C. A material entity in which a concretization of an information content entity inheres. D. An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,substance,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001115 1_1_l9zfzpu3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypodermis'?","A. A portion of ground tissue that is the outermost layer of a portion of cortex . B. A portion of ground tissue often resembling cortical parenchyma produced centripetally by the cork cambium. C. Any portion of plant tissue other than epidermis or vascular tissue . D. The sub-epidermal layer or layers of cells of the root similar in structure and cytochemical characteristics of the endodermis, the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,hypodermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005051 1_1_9j4kuc94,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dependent cigarette smoker'?","A. A cigarette smoker who is tobacco dependent according to a defined and validated measure. B. A tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking. C. A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of affective disorder. D. A tobacco smoker who reports recently smoking.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dependent cigarette smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000803 1_1_5caeattl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Graphpad Prism'?","A. GraphPad Prism is a commercial scientific 2D graphing and statistics software available for both Windows and Macintosh computers. B. VCell is a complete model building, editing and simulation environment. Includes spatial modeling capabilites, deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid algorithms. Parameter sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization. Desktop application and web-based environment. Bio- and math-based interfaces. Database and model sharing/publishing. C. PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an open source object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on extensibility and standards compliance. D. ChipSkipper - an integrated tool for analysis, evaluation and quantitation of DNA micro-array data",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Graphpad Prism,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100131 1_1_gwzz8chy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior talofibular ligament'?","A. Talofibular ligament, each instance of which is a strong fibrous horizontal band passing from the posteromedial face of the lateral malleolus of some fibula to the area of the posterior process of some talus. B. Talofibular ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that pass from the anterior part of the lateral malleolus of some fibula to the anterior margin of the lateral articular part of some talus. C. Lymphatic vessel connecting lymphatic capillaries to a lymph node. D. Tributary of superior ophthalmic vein, each instance of which drains blood from the choroid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior talofibular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44084 1_1_wg3c0zv3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunoglobulin production'?","A. The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. B. The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. C. The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus contributing to an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. D. The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,immunoglobulin production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377 1_1_q1dpz3o8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioural intention'?","A. A to commit to enact or not enact a behaviour B. A mental disposition to experience motives in the performance of a professional role that are not aligned with the responsibilities of that role. C. A mental disposition towards repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm. D. A mental disposition to prefer a psychoactive substance to other psychoactive substances.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,behavioural intention,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_006016 1_1_9tp6vha3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual pleasure'?","A. Pleasure derived from mastery, including the experience of flow. [Source: OCEAS] B. A complex emotion that consists of the experience of pleasure as caused by the misfortune of others. C. Pleasure derived from social contact. [Source: OCEAS] D. Pleasure that is experienced as a result of sexual activities.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,sexual pleasure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000040 1_1_8s1hos46,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'poly(p-dioxanone) macromolecule'?","A. A macromolecule composed of repeating 2-hydroxyethoxyacetyl units, obtained via ring-opening polymerisation of p-dioxanone. B. A complex lipophilic polymer macromolecule, containing a fatty acid-derived domain (aliphatic suberin) and a (poly)hydroxycinnamate domain (aromatic suberin). C. A macromolecule composed of repeating oxyalkylene units. D. A macromolecule composed of units connected by ether (-O-) linkages.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,poly(p-dioxanone) macromolecule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53354 1_1_486rpoz0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'manus blood vessel'?","A. A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. B. A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. C. A blood vessel that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. D. A blood vessel that is part of a forelimb [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,manus blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003523 1_1_sev4zreq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'childhood extraosseous osteosarcoma'?","A. A connective tissue disease that characterized by connective tissue disease that has_material_basis_in inheritable defects in collagen. B. An extraosseous osteosarcoma that is located_in the soft tissues without direct attachment to the skeletal system and results in the production of osteoid, bone, or chondroid material. C. An osteosarcoma arising from the soft tissue. D. An extraosseous osteosarcoma that arises from the soft tissue and occurs during childhood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,childhood extraosseous osteosarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7297 1_1_yvjrea2g,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(3S,4S)-A2-58-06'?","A. A beta-lactone carrying non-8-en-1-yl and 2-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. B. A diterpene lactone isolated from the whole plant of Ajuga ciliata. C. A 4-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(non-8-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one in which the stereocentres at positions 3 and 4 have R-configuration. D. A 4-[2-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethyl]-3-(non-8-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one in which the stereocentres at positions 3 and 4 have S-configuration.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(3S,4S)-A2-58-06",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86979 1_1_bevsu05b,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco chewing gum'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, which is composed of dried tobacco leaf with, saltpeter (potassium nitrate) and ashes which are ground into a fine powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants (caffeine, ginseng), taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, herbs and flavourings are mixed to form a fine red powder.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco chewing gum,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001008 1_1_sadzxv37,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis'?","A. The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis. B. The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric nephron tubule morphogenesis. C. The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to metanephric distal tubule morphogenesis. D. The orderly movement of epithelial cells within a renal tubule that contributes to proximal tubule morphogenesis.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,epithelial cell migration involved in metanephric proximal tubule morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072292 1_1_emm0tcd2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed germination 1'?","A. Examine the shape (pointed, curved) of the apiculus B. Estimate the proportion of germinated seeds C. Observe the presence or absence of awns on maturing spikelets D. Wild species: estimate visually the colour of ligules at anthesis.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed germination 1,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000802 1_1_0joykhyk,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mass of gas'?","A. A mass of gas which is separated from its surroundings by either 1) a thin liquid layer or 2) a physical or compositional discontinuity. B. An object which is composed primarily of a gas. C. An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. D. An object which is composed primarily of a fluid.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mass of gas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001689 1_1_ka68epzw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuron projection bundle'?","A. A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]. B. A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. C. A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. D. A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,neuron projection bundle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000122 1_1_g3w7vxrb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1,2-icosanediol'?","A. A glycol that is octadecane bearing two hydroxy substituents located at positions 1 and 2. B. A glycol that is icosane bearing two hydroxy substituents located at positions 1 and 2. C. A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. D. A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms of an unbranched saturated chain of eight carbon atoms.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1,2-icosanediol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84957 1_1_tq9e9gm3,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stream'?","A. Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network B. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation C. Digital Audio Tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Vinyl used as medium to record a musical manifestation",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Stream,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Stream 1_1_o6mk8ua9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bacterial infection of unspecified site'?","A. an infection in the bloodstream that may travel to different body organs. B. An acute infectious disorder of an unspecified site caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria. C. Erysipelas is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin. It is a form of cellulitis and is potentially serious. Erysipelas is usually caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. D. An unspecified acute infectious disorder caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,bacterial infection of unspecified site,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000546 1_1_ypnfitw3,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Framework conclusion contract'?","A. Class of the contract that have lots. B. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a dynamic purchasing system. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement. D. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Framework conclusion contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#FrameworkConclusionContract 1_1_ww831qy6,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Playable'?","A. Non-playing character of the game B. Playable character of the game C. Character encoded in the game D. The themes or elements within the game refer to brands or elements of social life, with the effect of triggering knowledge in the player starting from outside the title itself",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Playable,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Playable 1_1_8oynmy1b,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bent bone dysplasia syndrome 2'?","A. A bone remodeling disease characterized by defects in both the axial and appendicular skeleton, with radiographic findings of undermineralized bone and a distinct angulation of the mid femoral shaft that has_material_basis_incompound heterozygous mutation in the LAMA5 gene on chromosome 20q13. B. A bone remodeling disease that has_material_basis_in a vitamin D deficiency which results_in softening located_in bone. C. A bone remodeling disease that results in an abnormal decrease of bone density or mass. D. A bone remodeling disease that has_material_basis_in impaired mineralization or calcification of bones before epiphyseal closure due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium which results_in softening and deformity located_in bone.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bent bone dysplasia syndrome 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060993 1_1_53yxdilz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneTraffic'?","A. maSigPro is a regression based approach to find genes for which there are significant gene expression profile differences between experimental groups in time course microarray experiments. B. This package contains functions useful for designing genetics studies, including power and sample-size calculations. C. A collection of software tools for dealing with co-citation data. D. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read GeneTraffic specific data from a project summary zip file and covert them to BioConductor objects (for 1 color projects affy's ExpressionSet, for 2 color projects marray's marrayRaw)",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneTraffic,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000196 1_1_3tcp60xw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'single strain cell culture'?","A. A microbial cell culture which is primarily composed of bacterial biomass. B. A cell culture which supports the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. C. A cell culture which is composed of a microbial community of known composition. D. A cell culture which is composed of a single population of bacterial or archaeal cells.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,single strain cell culture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001060 1_1_ohopmjif,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chapare hemorrhagic fever'?","A. A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Mammarenavirus brazilense, which is transmitted by rodents. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom eye redness, has symptom fatigue, has symptom dizziness, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom loss of strength, and has symptom bleeding under the skin, internal organs, or from body orifices like the mouth, eyes or ears. B. A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Mammarenavirus chapareense. The infection has symptom headache, has symptom joint pain, has symptom muscle pain, has symptom vomiting, has symptom shock, and has symptom bleeding. C. A viral infectious disease that results_in infection in birds and humans, has_material_basis_in Newcastle disease virus (Orthoavulavirus javaense), which is transmitted_by contact with feces and urine of an infected bird, or transmitted_by fomites. The infection has_symptom conjunctivitis, has_symptom headache, and has_symptom lacrimation in humans, and has_symptom gasping, has_symptom coughing, has_symptom twisting of head and neck, has_symptom circling, has_symptom complete paralysis, has_symptom watery diarrhea, and has_symptom reduced egg production in birds. D. A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (Orthoflavivirus kyasanurense), which is transmitted by Ornithodoros savignyi tick bite, transmitted by ingestion of unpasteurized camel milk, or transmitted by entry via skin wound. The infection has symptom headache, has symptom joint pain, has symptom muscle pain, has symptom vomiting, has symptom thrombocytopenia, and has symptom hemorrhagic fever.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Chapare hemorrhagic fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050198 1_1_csaof105,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'facial foramen'?","A. Foramen through which cranial nerve VII (facial) exits. B. Opening in the neurocranium to allow communication between the swimbladder and the inner ear. C. Foramina that allow passage of occipital arteries. D. Situated just caudal to the acetabulum, the foramen is bound dorsally by the illium and ventrally by the ischium. The foramen transmitts the ischiadic nerves and vessels (Baumel et al. 1993).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,facial foramen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001808 1_1_3faauvlj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete MAGE-TAB inputting software'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete MAGE-TAB inputting software,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000115 1_1_qa0welve,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GGtools'?","A. This package selects genes associated with survival. B. This package deals with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. C. This package generates a quality metrics report on ExpressionSet, NChannelSet, AffyBatch or BeadLevelList objects containing microarray data with one or two channels. D. A Method to normalize of Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K and 500K set",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GGtools,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000163 1_1_34a45b0y,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cambial zone'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is a rounded projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina . B. A cardinal organ part that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. C. A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf. D. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and has as parts a cambium and adjacent cells.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cambial zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025439 1_1_wyxpaivv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes '(S)-noradrenaline'?","A. The S-enantiomer of noradrenaline. B. An occipital lobe that is part of a right cerebral hemisphere. C. The R-enantiomer of noradrenaline. D. A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,(S)-noradrenaline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33571 1_1_08vyeq9y,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc'?","A. A highly branched amino oligosaccharide consisting of a D-GlcNAc residue at the reducing end with a alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)-[beta-D-Gal-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->2)-alpha-D-Man-(1->6)]-[beta-D-Xyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-Man-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc undecasaccharide moiety attached via a beta-(1->4)-linkage and an L-Fuc residue attached via an alpha-(1->3)-linkage. B. A branched amino tetrasaccharide comprising N-acetyl-D-glucosamine at the reducing end with a N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->2)]-beta-D-galactosyl moiety attached at the 4-position. C. A branched amino pentasaccharide comprised of a linear chain of beta-D-galactose, N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine, beta-D-galactose and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues linked sequentially (1->4), (1->3) and (1->4), with an alpha-L-fucosyl residue linked (1->2) to the galactose residue proximal to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine residue. D. An amino tetrasaccharide comprised of a linear sequence of beta-D-galactose, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, beta-D-galactose, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine, all linked (1->3).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62453 1_1_3rzqtpi9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'small intestine goblet cell'?","A. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of large intestine. B. An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. C. A goblet cell that is part of the small intestine. D. Goblet cells reside throughout the length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of the protective mucus blanket by synthesizing and secreting high-molecular-weight glycoproteins known as mucins. Human intestinal goblet cells secrete the MUC2 mucin, as well as a number of typical mucus components: CLCA1, FCGBP, AGR2, ZG16, and TFF3.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,small intestine goblet cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000495 1_1_5d4wqrb7,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Destruction'?","A. This class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing, such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation. Some destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction can be documented by classifying the event as both an instance of E6 Destruction and of E7 Activity. The decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed, or modified is context-sensitive: 1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as an instance of E6 Destruction. 2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not. 3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as an instance of E11 Modification.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the deaths of human beings. If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented as instances of E64 End of Existence.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing and the creation of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing that preserves recognizable substance and structure from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature or identity. Although the old and the new instances of E18 Physical Thing are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E18 Physical Thing(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance and structure. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history. Even though such instances of E81 Transformation are often motivated by a change of intended use, substantial material changes should justify the documentation of the result as a new instance of E18 Physical Thing and not just the change of function. The latter may be documented as an extended activity (instance of E7 Activity) of using it.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that end the existence of any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. In cases where substance from an instance of E77 Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented as instances of E81 Transformation.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E6 Destruction,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E6_Destruction 1_1_b1xyqun6,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 8'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 7q36. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 8p12-q22. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 9p22.1. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 20p12.2-q11.21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011777 1_1_t8letivj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'BN - Counting'?","A. Number of stem nodes in a field infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 B. Number of bolls per plant was recorded on 10 plants each plot C. Trichome density on margin of bract. A bract from a mid-canopy, first position boll is collected from six plants per plot and taken to laboratory, where they are examined using a viewing scope. Number of marginal trichomes in an designated area are counted, and expressed as number per cm D. Number of nodes on main stem",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,BN - Counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000780 1_1_7z7raluw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarette pack'?","A. A product that is designed to contain a product or commodity when sold. B. A cigarette pack that contains the full product brand name and brand imagery printed on it. C. Addiction to the behaviour of gambling. D. Packaging that is designed to hold manufactured cigarettes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarette pack,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000309 1_1_pil2dfmk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf epidermis'?","A. A portion of leaf epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf . B. A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a cotyledon . C. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a petal . D. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a leaf .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006016 1_1_h16y5wy7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Partial IgA deficiency'?","A. Detectable but decreased IgA levels that are more than 2 standard deviations below normal age-adjusted means. B. Decreased levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA). C. Undetectable serum immunoglobulin A level at a value < 5 mg/dL (0.05 g/L). D. A temporary reduction beneath the normal level of total immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the blood circulation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Partial IgA deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011837 1_1_wkz95r8z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fossil plate boundary'?","A. A suture is where a fragment of crustal material is accreted to crust lying on another plate. [Wikipedia] B. In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia] C. A transform plate boundary is where two lithospheric plates slide past each other and where crust is neither produced or destroyed. [Wikipedia] D. Are where similar plant and animal fossils are found around different continent shores, suggesting that they were once joined. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fossil plate boundary,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/FossilPlateBoundary 1_1_2j3bsfug,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'awn'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. B. A cardinal organ part which is a short, abrupt, flexible point at the apex of the lemma . C. A cardinal organ part that is a slender, more or less straight and stiff, fine-pointed, terminal or subterminal appendage of a glume, lemma, or palea. D. A cardinal organ part that is the apical part of a spore capsule that separates from the rest of the capsule during dehiscence.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,awn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025349 1_1_eaff3d75,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'intercellular space'?","A. A plant anatomical space that is enclosed by and forms an opening in a seed coat at the apex of a seed and is the remnant of a micropyle. B. A plant anatomical space that is a cavity a reproductive structure. C. A plant anatomical space that is part of a portion of plant tissue between two or more cells. D. A plant anatomical space that is a pore at the apex of an anther.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,intercellular space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025379 1_1_kifemecy,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Geobarrettin A'?","A. Bromoindole alkaloid B. Nivolumab is a human monoclonal antibody for Programmed Death Receptor-1 (PD-1). It is a targeted immunotherapy treatment against metastatic cancer. C. NNC 05-2090 hydrochloride is a GABA uptake inhibitor and inhibitor of the beta-GABA transporter (BGT-1). D. (+)-Etomoxir sodium salt is a chiral compound that functions as a reversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-1).",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Geobarrettin A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194559 1_1_bubs7mnb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory failure, unspecified'?","A. respiratory system has been attacked, used to specify symptoms B. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) C. respiratory system has been damaged, unspecified whether there is too much CO2 (hypercapnia) or too little oxygen (hypoxmia) in the body D. occurs when fluid builds up in air sacs of lungs",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"respiratory failure, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000221 1_1_3ectsmv5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Galp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)]-beta-D-Galp'?","A. A galactotriose that is beta-D-galatopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6 have been glycosylated by alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residues. B. A galactotriose consisting of two alpha-D-galactopyranose residues and a galactopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->2) glycosidic linkages. C. A galactotriose composed of three beta-D-galactopyranose units joined by (1->4)-linkages. D. Any trisaccharide composed of 3 galactose moieties.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Galp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)]-beta-D-Galp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147230 1_1_lxs3f8jc,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Normatively_Qualified'?","A. Some thing which is qualified (allowed, disallowed) by a norm, i.e. a norm applies to the thing. Taking the principle of deontic choice to mean that the utterer of a normative statement intends to influence choices made by the addressee of the statement, the qualified thing should is comparable to some alternative. Note that Qualified does not partition into Allowed and Disallowed. Firstly, things can be Allowed by one Norm and Disallowed by another one. Secondly, the logical complement of the thing allowed by a permission is qualified (as worse or equal than the thing allowed), but neither allowed nor disallowed. B. See Qualified. Alternative labels: violation, prohibited, forbidden C. See normatively qualified. Alternative labels: permitted, sanctioned, let, licensed. D. A potestative right is an enabling power which is meant to benefit the holder of the power. For example, if some animal y does not belong to anybody, then x has the potestative-right to start x’s ownership of the animal, by capturing y.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Normatively_Qualified,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Normatively_Qualified 1_1_1btt8rva,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis epidermis'?","A. A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a stem . B. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a nectary . C. A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a branch . D. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a shoot axis .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000112 1_1_v69af9ng,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Urethra'?","A. Organ with organ cavity, each intance of which connects some cavity of the urinary bladder to the exterior. Examples: There is only one urethra. B. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which consists of some hollow muscular body that is continuous laterally with some instance of right uterine tube and some instance of left uterine tube and distally is connected to some instance of vagina. Examples: There is only one uterus. C. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which connects some renal sinus to some urinary bladder. Examples: There are only two ureters, the right and the left ureters. D. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is continuous superiorly with some pharynx and inferiorly with some stomach. Examples: There is only one esophagus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Urethra,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma19667 1_1_q6nx314y,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: L-arabinitol + NAD+ = L-ribulose + H+ + NADH. B. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose + NADP+ = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + NADPH. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP+ = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H+ + NADPH.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047002 1_1_gannx4nq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Space of fifth intercostal compartment'?","A. Intercostal compartment space between fifth and sixth ribs. B. Intercostal compartment space between ninth and tenth ribs. C. Intercostal compartment space between seventh and eighth ribs. D. Intercostal compartment space between sixth and seventh ribs.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Space of fifth intercostal compartment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321198 1_1_vgk116y2,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'laminar boundary layer'?","A. A layer in which the fluid undergoes smooth, nonturbulent flow. It is found between any surface and a turbulent layer above. See laminar boundary layer, laminar flow. B. A fracture zone is a linear oceanic feature--often hundreds, even thousands of kilometers long--resulting from the action of offset mid-ocean ridge axis segments. They are a consequence of plate tectonics. Lithospheric plates on either side of an active transform fault move in opposite directions; here, strike-slip activity is possible. Fracture zones extend past the transform faults, away from the ridge axis; seismically inactive (because both plate segments are moving in the same direction), they display evidence of past transform fault activity. C. An interfacial region in which flow is smooth and nonturbulent. Above a surface, a laminar layer will develop and fluid velocity will increase with distance from the surface, but not indefinitely. At some point, flow will become turbulent, with the laminar sublayer separating the turbulent layer from the surface. In the real world, most laminar boundary layers are extremely thin (order of 1 mm), but can be of biological importance, for example, next to plant leaves or as invertebrate refuges in streams. D. Constituent occurs as a concentric envelope enclosing another constituent. Corona is a non-genetic term.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,laminar boundary layer,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidDynamics/LaminarBoundaryLayer 1_1_a3i6kgi3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sarcoidosis of other sites'?","A. A disease characterized by the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in any part of your body B. an immune system disease process that undergoes an inflammation process and has output of an inflammatory anatomical entity. C. A disease characterized by the growth of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in a specific part of your body (most commonly liver, lungs, skin, and lymph nodes) D. A chronic inflammation of the tear and salivary glands, often accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis and the presence of autoantibodies in the blood",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,sarcoidosis of other sites,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000430 1_1_vp56py4s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma'?","A. An acute lymphoblastic leukemia that is characterized by too many T-cell lymphoblasts found in the bone marrow and blood. B. A retinitis pigmentosa that is characterized pigmentary retinal degeneration with onset in the teens leading to blindness in the sixth ans seventh decades of life. C. A T-cell acute leukemia that results_in abnormal increase of lymphocytes, derives_from T-cells, has_material_basis_in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (Deltaretrovirus priTlym1), which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by contaminated needles used by intravenous-drug users, and transmitted_by breast feeding. The infection results_in_formation_of skin lesions. D. A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia that exhibits an unexplained, chronic (greater than 6 months) elevation in large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in the peripheral blood.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050523 1_1_wngtai8h,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'free border of ovary'?","A. A disorder that affects the fallopian tube. B. A boundary entity of the ovary, each instance of which has one spatial dimension. C. The posterior border of the ovary. D. The anterior border of the ovary.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,free border of ovary,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75125 1_1_ags04tyi,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'coastal shrimp pond'?","A. The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. B. A layer which is part of a lake. C. A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. D. A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,coastal shrimp pond,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001256 1_1_ke9ca7jf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'inclusion body myositis'?","A. A myositis that results_in inflammation located_in muscle or located_in skin where a skin rash is often seen prior to the onset of muscle weakness. The disease may result from either a viral infection or an autoimmune reaction. B. Adding UMLS CUI for synonym. C. A myositis that is characterized by late onset of skeletal muscle inflammation, weakness, and atrophy with cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles in the muscle. D. A myopathy characterized by muscle inflammation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,inclusion body myositis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3429 1_1_w662yh8f,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'depositional process'?","A. A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. B. A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. C. A material accumulation process during which material builds up on a solid surface such that a function of that surface, or the object it is a part of, is impaired. D. A material accumulation process during which material adheres to a solid or liquid surface.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,depositional process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000054 1_1_5w1zbnax,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde'?","A. An aldehyde of general formula R-CH2-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is attached to a CH2 group at the alpha-position. B. An aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O or RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position. C. An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. D. An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73359 1_1_z3oxi256,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fusarium wilt susceptibility'?","A. Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) susceptibility. B. Sclerotium root rot susceptibility caused by the agent Sclerotium rolfsii. C. Fusarium wilt susceptibility caused by the agent Fusarium oxysporum. D. Bean bug (Clavigralla tomentosicollis) susceptibility.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fusarium wilt susceptibility,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000127 1_1_f5o372jh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde'?","A. An aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O or RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position. B. An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol. C. An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. D. An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,"alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51718 1_1_v1mzgw97,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetyl-amino acid'?","A. A metabolite of acrolein and may be found in the urine of smokers. B. Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. C. Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. D. An amino acid derivative resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group, carboxy group, or thiol group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of cysteine by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing cysteine residues.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,acetyl-amino acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22195 1_1_bta111ol,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'atmosphere'?","A. _:749 B. A hydrosphere in physical geography describes the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. [Wikipedia] C. An atmosphere is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass,[1] by the gravity of the body, and are retained for a longer duration if gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. [Wikipedia] D. The term Geosphere is often used to refer to the densest (solid) parts of a planet, which consist mostly of rock and regolith [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,atmosphere,http://sweetontology.net/realm/Atmosphere 1_1_z1r3gtzu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'colorless'?","A. A chromatic property that is the relative position of different hues or degrees of saturation. B. A color quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking color. C. The surface layer of a volume of water. D. A liquid astronomical body part which 1) vertically spans a water body and 2) has fiat boundaries approximating a columnar shape.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,colorless,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000337 1_1_3dakw7gz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cell projection organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of cell projection organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031344 1_1_sn1hhnbp,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'process boundary'?","A. A disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder. B. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) C. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) D. A therapeutic procedure that uses radiation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,process boundary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000035 1_1_xhudwvk6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ake:śkassi'?","A. A Cree person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. B. An Akimel O'odham or Tohono O'odham person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Southern Piegan person who belongs to a traditional non-binary gender role and who, in modern times, might be assigned male at birth. D. A Yup'ik person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ake:śkassi,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002027 1_1_8iunmgmh,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Respiratory failure, not elsewhere classified'?","A. conditions affecting the respiratory system B. When a person has acute respiratory failure, the usual exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs does not occur. C. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. D. diseases affecting the respiratory system",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"*Respiratory failure, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000203 1_1_mt6qm7wc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'paraoxon'?","A. An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. B. An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. C. Any aryl phosphate having a single aryl substituent and two alkyl substituents. D. An aryl dialkyl phosphate where both the alkyl groups are ethyl and the aryl group is 4-nitrophenyl.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,paraoxon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27827 1_1_25cqd7mc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Category analysis'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Category analysis,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000097 1_1_k47uy567,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'xeroderma pigmentosum group D'?","A. A xeroderma pigmentosum characterized by increased propensity to develop malignant melanoma that has_material_basis_in mutation in the XPC gene on chromosome 3p25. B. A xeroderma pigmentosum that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ERCC5 gene on chromosome 13q33. C. A xeroderma pigmentosum that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the excision repair gene ERCC2 on chromosome 19q13. D. A xeroderma pigmentosum characterized by milder symptoms and later onset of skin cancer that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ERCC4 gene on chromosome 16p13.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,xeroderma pigmentosum group D,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110845 1_1_ucln912q,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-(2-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine'?","A. An N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine in which the acyl group has 26 carbons and 2 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. B. An N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine in which the acyl group has 24 carbons and 0 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. C. An N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine in which the acyl group has 18 carbons and 4 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. D. An N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine in which the acyl group has 19 carbons and 0 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-(2-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphocholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_70932 1_1_qwtg76ha,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid primordium'?","A. A basement membrane that is part of a bronchus. B. The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx. C. Any portion of tissue that surrounds a urethra. D. The initial thyroid precursor, the thyroid primordium, starts as a simple midline thickening and develops to form the thyroid diverticulum. This structure is initially hollow, although it later solidifies and becomes bilobed. The 2 lobes are located on either side of the midline and are connected via an isthmus.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,thyroid primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003091 1_1_8e309aqe,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'A2B adenosine receptor binding'?","A. Binding to an adenosine receptor. B. Binding to an A2A adenosine receptor. C. Binding to an A2B adenosine receptor. D. Binding to an A1 adenosine receptor.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,A2B adenosine receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031688 1_1_o9tlreiz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Foliage senescence time'?","A. End of flowering time or when a plant does not produce new flower in a plot B. Time to the first sprout (plant) emerge in a plot C. Time to all plants in a plot or unit area show full or complete foliage senescence D. Time of the first flower initiation on a plant/s in a plot or any of the plants in a plot shows the first flower",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Foliage senescence time,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000306 1_1_kah0ym3a,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'relevance fallacy'?","A. An informal fallacy is a fallacy that originates in a reasoning error other than a flaw in the logical form of the argument. B. The informal fallacy of presenting an argument that may or may not be logically valid and sound, but (whose conclusion) fails to address the issue in question. C. An informal fallacy in which there is some confusion or ambiguity over the meaning or meanings of a word, phrase, or argument. D. An informal fallacy in which evidence fails to provide strong enough support for a conclusion or conclusions.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,relevance fallacy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003916 1_1_r7whw4jx,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary spastic paraplegia 56'?","A. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ARL6IP1 gene on chromosome 16p12. B. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 6q23-q24.1. C. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the NT5C2 gene on chromosome 10q24. D. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CYP2U1 gene on chromosome 4q25.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary spastic paraplegia 56,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110808 1_1_xa0uu0gz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pattern of seed testa - method'?","A. Quantification of symptoms development in leaves and stem B. Infestation area was taken and the percentage of area infestated was determined at seven days interval C. Quantification of infestation rate in leaves and stem D. Visual assessment of the pattern of the seed testa",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Pattern of seed testa - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000112 1_1_3nfygp0b,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vermilion complex'?","A. Vestigial developmental structure, each instance of which is a fibrous cord, the remains of some obliterated urachus, extending from some urinary bladder to some umbilicus; it is covered by some parietal peritoneum and produces some median umbilical fold. B. Non-nucleated cell with plasma membrane exclusively or predominantly in contact with the plasma membranes of adjacent cells (cell-cell contact) . Examples: corneocyte, non-nucleated lens fiber. C. Region of labial part of mouth sharing upper or lower boundary of oral orifice. D. Region of labial part of mouth which has as its parts vermilion of upper lip and vermilion of lower lip.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vermilion complex,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma286305 1_1_lx1ypjtw,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'protention'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that one is in control of oneself, that one is fully the agent of one's behavior. B. The partial structure of time consciousness that relates to retaining past events in memory and linking them to present events (e.g. how the individual tones in a melody is intuitively linked together to form a whole). C. The partial structure of time consciousness that relates to linking and projecting the content of immediate moments to future moments (e.g. how the path of a moving object is intuitively projected). D. The intentional structural capacity to experience lived time.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,protention,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000081 1_1_l6erydtk,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as expected'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was expected. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event was expected to occur. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was not expected. D. A musical capability that is realised in the production of music using a piano.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as expected,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000068 1_1_bw3z6l1b,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'adult TB patient'?","A. A TB patient who smokes tobacco. B. A TB patient that is of adult age and is currently receiving medical care. C. A person living with tuberculosis. D. An information content entity that is an aggregate of documents.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,adult TB patient,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000834 1_1_35d4fhgd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stavrox'?","A. Salmon is a tool for quantifying the expression of transcripts using RNA-seq data. Salmon uses new algorithms (specifically, coupling the concept of quasi-mapping with a two-phase inference procedure) to provide accurate expression estimates very quickly (i.e. wicked-fast) and while using little memory. Salmon performs its inference using an expressive and realistic model of RNA-seq data that takes into account experimental attributes and biases commonly observed in real RNA-seq data. B. RMAExpress is a standalone GUI program for Windows (and Linux) to compute gene expression summary values for Affymetrix Genechip® data using the Robust Multichip Average expression summary and to carry out quality assessment using probe-level metrics. It does not require R nor is it dependent on any component of the BioConductor project. If focuses on processing 3' IVT expression arrays, exon and WT gene arrays. C. Analysis and visualization of gene expression and SNP microarrays D. StavroX software identifies cross-linked peptides.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Stavrox,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100133 1_1_ix6df2ta,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'matchprobes'?","A. Basic infrastructure for using oligonucleotide microarray reporter sequence information for preprocessing and quality assessment. For general work with genomic sequences, this package is inadequate. Please refer to the Biostrings package for that. B. Package manipulating sequences with fold routines C. This package implements a Kolmogorov Smirnov rank-sum based algorithm for training and classification of gene expression data sets. One of the chief strengths of this approach is that it is amenable to the ""multiclass"" problem. That is, it can discriminate between more than 2 classes. D. Creates classes used in model-view-controller (MVC) design that uses Biobase",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,matchprobes,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000616 1_1_hajnt2gt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'pont ieveque cheese food product'?","A. A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. B. A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. C. A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as ""blind."" D. A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,pont ieveque cheese food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001036 1_1_sa98d6ei,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'residential backyard'?","A. The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. B. A yard which consists of land immediately adjacent to the back of a residential building C. A material transformation process during which a liquid material transitions into a gas phase. D. An anthropogenic geographic feature which consists of land immediately adjacent to a building or a group of buildings.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,residential backyard,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600033 1_1_rdspjj03,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'guanosine catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,guanosine catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046115 1_1_o7rwkmlf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'naptalam'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid monoamide which results from addition of one equivalent of 1-naphthylamine to phthalic anhydride. B. Any pyrimidine that bears one or more carboxylic acid substituents. C. A perquinoline that is 8-amino 20-N-propanoic acid. D. A non-ribosomal tripeptide with antibacterial activity of sequence D-Phe-D-Ala-Trp synthesized by the bee pathogenic bacterium Paenibacillus larvae.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,naptalam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60833 1_1_gamp0jhe,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anti-eyebrow piercing'?","A. A facial piercing that is placed above the cheek bone or below the eyebrow. B. Piercing of any of the various areas of the face. C. Piercing of the nose. D. Piercing of the eyebrow.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anti-eyebrow piercing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008712 1_1_lh7z6ctz,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'post-translational protein modification'?","A. The process of covalently altering one or more amino acids in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome. B. A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. C. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a neurofibrillary tangle. D. Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,post-translational protein modification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043687 1_1_qmosx18t,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stratified cuboidal epithelium'?","A. Multilaminar epithelium, which of consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, in contact with a basement membrane, that can undergo distention and contraction without losing its integrity and consistency. Examples: urothelium. B. Multilaminar epithelium, which consists of more than one layer of cuboidal and columnar cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: epithelium of wall of pancreatic duct, epithelium of wall of duct of salivary gland. C. Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of columnar cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, epithelium of lactiferous sinus. D. Multilaminar epithelium, which consists of more than one layer of cuboidal cells, only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Stratified cuboidal epithelium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63912 1_1_9tr9qlws,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior chamber epithelium'?","A. A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. B. An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. C. An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. D. An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,anterior chamber epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005638 1_1_2q4694zp,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lombarde'?","A. The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada. B. An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. C. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. D. A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lombarde,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Lombarde 1_1_7pmowe20,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'restorative justice'?","A. A general philosophical strategy for responding to conflicts. It takes the principles and practices of restorative justice beyond the criminal justice system. It applies to areas such as environmental law, corporate law, labor-management relations, consumer bankruptcy and debt, and family law. B. An approach to justice in which one of the responses to a crime is to organize a meeting between the victim and the offender, sometimes with representatives of the wider community. The goal is for them to share their experience of what happened, to discuss who was harmed by the crime and how, and to create a consensus for what the offender can do to repair the harm from the offense. This may include a payment of money given from the offender to the victim, apologies and other amends, and other actions to compensate those affected and to prevent the offender from causing future harm. C. ""[T]he human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities,"" according to SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective, the first organization founded to build a reproductive justice movement. D. Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society. This is measured by the explicit and tacit terms for the distribution of wealth, opportunities for personal activity, and social privileges.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,restorative justice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009022 1_1_47r23r96,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ABarray'?","A. The HOPACH clustering algorithm builds a hierarchical tree of clusters by recursively partitioning a data set, while ordering and possibly collapsing clusters at each level. The algorithm uses the Mean/Median Split Silhouette (MSS) criteria to identify the level of the tree with maximally homogeneous clusters. It also runs the tree down to produce a final ordered list of the elements. The non-parametric bootstrap allows one to estimate the probability that each element belongs to each cluster (fuzzy clustering). B. The ABarray is designed to work with Applied Biosystems whole genome microarray platform, as well as any other platform whose data can be tranformed into expression data matrix. C. The splots package provides the plotScreen function for the visualization of for high-throughput assays in microtitre plate or chamber slide format. D. Analysis of N-dye Micro Array experiment using mixed model effect. Containing anlysis of variance, permutation and bootstrap, cluster and consensus tree.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ABarray,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100002 1_1_zmpyvrqm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'social group process'?","A. Segregation in which groups of persons are separated in some or all contexts, usually dependent on some attribute of a group of persons. B. A recurrent and patterned process that involves the interactions or responses of individuals in family to one another which have attained stability. C. Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. D. Procedures by which a group of individuals approach and solve their common objectives.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,social group process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000733 1_1_9rzeibtp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'telephone operator'?","A. Cover interior walls or ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or fabric, or attach advertising posters on surfaces such as walls and billboards. May remove old materials or prepare surfaces to be papered. B. Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaul recreational vehicles including travel trailers. May specialize in maintaining gas, electrical, hydraulic, plumbing, or chassis/towing systems as well as repairing generators, appliances, and interior components. Includes workers who perform customized van conversions. C. Provide information by accessing alphabetical, geographical, or other directories. Assist customers with special billing requests, such as charges to a third party and credits or refunds for incorrectly dialed numbers or bad connections. May handle emergency calls and assist children or people with physical disabilities to make telephone calls. D. Inspect agricultural commodities, processing equipment, and facilities, and fish and logging operations, to ensure compliance with regulations and laws governing health, quality, and safety.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,telephone operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43202100 1_1_up3kw2v9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'transition zone'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is a ridge on a plant ovule where a funicle is or was fused to the ovule. B. A cardinal organ part that is composed of the outer layers of a sporangium and bounds the archesporium or plant spores . C. A region of the root between the meristem and the region of rapid elongation in which isodiametric growth (cell expansion) occurs. D. A lamina that is part of a plant organ .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,transition zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003000 1_1_spnv9sna,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Foundation'?","A. A public act that attributes a power to perform a public act to a public body. B. A kind of (philanthropic) organization, set up as a legal entity either by individuals or institutions, with the purpose of distributing grants to support causes in line with the goals of the foundation C. An organisation formed into a legal corporation D. A corporation is a legal entity which, while being composed of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Foundation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Foundation 1_1_wcfi6c9f,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'coma'?","A. A megagametophyte that has as parts one or more archegonia . B. A portion of plant tissue that forms a tough, protective outer layer on a shoot axis and includes as parts a shoot axis hypodermis and a shoot axis epidermis . C. A portion of seed coat epidermis that consists of multiple seed trichomes at the seed micropyle . D. An umbrella-shaped cardinal organ part that is the apical portion of an archegoniophore and bears archegonia.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,coma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020061 1_1_25h3xfyl,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. C. A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental language. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044494 1_1_bybo0chl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(9Z,11E,13R,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate'?","A. A hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate that is the conjugate base of (9Z,11E,13R,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. B. An octadecanoid anion that is octadecatrienoate containing a hydroperoxy substituent attached to its carbon chain. C. The monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of (9Z,11R,12Z,15Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. D. A hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate obtained by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of (9Z,11S,12Z,15Z)-11-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid. Major microspecies at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(9Z,11E,13R,15Z)-13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133987 1_1_wqpfyk3y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'fusion competent myoblast'?","A. A myoblast that is commited to developing into a somatic muscle. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. C. A myoblast that detemines the properties (size, shape and attachment to the epidermis) of a `somatic muscle myotube` (CL:0008003) . It develops into a somatic muscle myotube via fusion with `fusion component myoblasts` (CL:0000621). D. A myoblast that is committed to a myotube-specific program of differentiation but not yet fused. It undergoes very limited additional proliferation. After fusion, it will take on a muscle identity specified by a `muscle founder cell` (CL:0008006).",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,fusion competent myoblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000621 1_1_sb8ovnnx,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Modification'?","A. This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E11 Modification,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E11_Modification 1_1_frmuw3z4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with encephalopathy'?","A. Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs. B. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. C. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. D. Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that involves the stomach and small intestine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with encephalopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000042 1_1_7yfsy96s,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete alanylglutamate dipeptidase activity'?","A. OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: L-alanyl-L-glutamate + H2O = L-alanine + L-glutamate. B. Catalysis of the oxidative demethylation of N1-methyladenosine RNA, with concomitant decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate and releases oxidized methyl group on N1-methyladenosine as formaldehyde. C. OBSOLETE. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete alanylglutamate dipeptidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0103046 1_1_qc1kejbt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'somite'?","A. Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. B. Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. C. A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. D. A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,somite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002329 1_1_5fuwq2ai,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'submucosa of jejunum'?","A. Submucosal tissue in the small intestines. B. A submucosa that is part of a ileum [Automatically generated definition]. C. A submucosa that is part of a duodenum [Automatically generated definition]. D. A submucosa that is part of a jejunum [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,submucosa of jejunum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003333 1_1_u7vytb00,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender relationship'?","A. A relationship process in which one builds trust and accountability with members of a marginalized group or groups. B. Any of various relationships in which at least one person is transgender. C. Interpersonal relationships which attains some form of internal or external significance (such as a marriage or civil union). D. An interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011445 1_1_ieedg0xq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbonyl compound'?","A. Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. B. A compound of general formula RC(=O)SR'. Compare with thionoester, RC(=S)OR'. C. An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. D. Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,carbonyl compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36586 1_1_f3dq3gs9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'specific volume'?","A. Force per unit area. B. 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. C. 1. The ratio of the mass of any substance to the volume occupied by it (usually expressed in kilograms per cubic meter, but any other unit system may be used); the reciprocal of specific volume. D. Energy per unit area.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,specific volume,http://sweetontology.net/propMass/SpecificVolume 1_1_2eshfs7q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '9beta-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 2,6-dihydroxypyridine + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine + H2O + NAD+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 11-oxo-beta-amyrin + 3 NADPH + 3 O2 + 2 H+ = glycyrrhetinic acid + 3 NADP + 4 H2O. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene + 3 O2 + 3 reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19-oate + 4 H+ + 4 H2O + 3 oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase].",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"9beta-pimara-7,15-diene oxidase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036209 1_1_fh6dacve,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'social inequality'?","A. A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute. B. Inequality between different gender groups. C. Inequality in health and access to healthcare. D. Inequality in access to social or material resources.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,social inequality,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001184 1_1_as8arq2c,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'epixylon'?","A. Periphyton colonizing surface of aquatic plants B. Biofilm consisting of a mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, microbes, and detritus. C. Periphyton colonizing rock substrata D. Periphyton colonizing woody substrata",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,epixylon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03605005 1_1_ss7zr6pn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bradycardia, unspecified'?","A. Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 400 mL/24 h or less than 17 mL/h in adults. Anuria is defined as urine output that is less than 100 mL/24 h or 0 mL/12 h. B. Uremia resulting not from primary renal disease but from disturbances in circulation, fluid balance, or metabolism arising in other parts of the body. C. Excessive slowness in the action of the heart D. this abnormal level indicates damage to the liver",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"bradycardia, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000418 1_1_1tb7h7ci,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ins-1-P-Cer-A 44:0(1-)'?","A. An inositol phosphoceramide(1-) in which the acyl group is not hydroxylated at position 2 and the ceramide base is not hydroxylated at position 4. Major species at pH 7.3. B. An Ins-1-P-Cer A(1-) in which the acyl group and the ceramide base contain a total of 40 carbons and 0 double bonds. Major species at pH 7.3. C. An Ins-1-P-Cer A(1-) in which the acyl group and the ceramide base contain a total of 44 carbons and 0 double bonds. Major species at pH 7.3. D. An Ins-1-P-Cer A(1-) in which the acyl group and the ceramide base contain a total of 42 carbons and 0 double bonds. Major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Ins-1-P-Cer-A 44:0(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75481 1_1_3qjokau4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'chinook wind'?","A. An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. B. A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes. C. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. D. The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,chinook wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/ChinookWind 1_1_i468f93z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'epimatrix'?","A. A type of matrix consisting of inhomogeneous interstitial materials grown in originally open interstices during diagenesis, but lacking the homogeneity and clear textural evidence of pore-filling needed to classify as phyllosilicate cement. B. A type of matrix consisting of recrystallized detrital lutum (clay fraction, less than 2 micron) or protomatrix. C. A type of matrix consisting of un-recrystallized detrital clayey lutum (clay fraction, less than 2 micron) in weakly consolidated rocks. D. A type of matrix consisting of soft deformable framework grains that are squeezed and flattened between stronger framework grains.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,epimatrix,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Epimatrix 1_1_mp2qk4po,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal metaphyseal trabeculation'?","A. Longitudinal densities on radiographs located in a metaphysis (the narrow region of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis). B. Bony outgrowths that extend laterally from the margin of the metaphysis. C. An abnormality of the pattern of trabecula (small interconnecting rods of bone) in a metaphyseal region of bone. D. Fracture or fragmentation at the lateral portion of the metaphysis of a long bone. The radiographic appearance is that of a small corner of metaphysis separated from the metaphyseal edge by thin linear radiolucency. This feature can be observed in child abuse but fragmented appearance of the metaphysis or facture-like lesions can also be detected in the setting of certain skeletal dysplasias.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal metaphyseal trabeculation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005089 1_1_qf4uhtlo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome'?","A. A neuromuscular junction disease that is characterized by an abnormality of acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction which results from an autoimmune attack against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) on the presynaptic motor nerve terminal. B. A neuromuscular disease that is characterized by the disfunction of conduction through the neuromuscular junction. C. A neuromuscular junction disease that is characterized by weakness and easy fatiguability resulting from a genetic defect at the junction where the nerve stimulates muscle activity that result in muscle weakness and may affect nerve cells (presynaptic), muscle cells (postsynaptic) or the space between nerve and muscle cells (synaptic). D. A candidiasis that is characterized by Candida infection located_in the skin.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050214 1_1_awi629r5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3',4'-dihydroxyisoflavone'?","A. A hydroxyisoflavone, isoflavone dimer obtained from Ficus mucuso. B. Member of the class of isoflavones bearing at least one hydroxy group. C. A hydroxyisoflavone with a quinone structure in ring B. Isolated from Dalbergia parviflora, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. D. A hydroxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3' and 4'. It has been isolated from Penicillium purpurogenum.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3',4'-dihydroxyisoflavone",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69476 1_1_dtztjf87,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ezogabine'?","A. A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults. B. A member of the class of quinazolines carrying 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-hydroxyanilino and benzyloxy substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. C. A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults. D. A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ezogabine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68584 1_1_0hzbtatd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'terminal moraine'?","A. A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. B. A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. C. An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. D. Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,terminal moraine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000252 1_1_oc884sg1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'media technical directors/manager'?","A. Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media. B. Maintain and support distributed and decentralized blockchain-based networks or block-chain applications such as cryptocurrency exchange, payment processing, document sharing, and digital voting. Design and deploy secure block-chain design patterns and solutions over geographically distributed networks using advanced technologies. May assist with infrastructure setup and testing for application transparency and security. C. Coordinate activities of technical departments, such as taping, editing, engineering, and maintenance, to produce radio or television programs. D. Research, design, develop, or test automation, intelligent systems, smart devices, or industrial systems control.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,media technical directors/manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27201205 1_1_oihb8em2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'product component'?","A. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour. B. An artifact that has a product role. C. A product that is designed to be a proper part of another product. D. A product that produces a vapour for inhalation by a person.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,product component,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001120 1_1_ek3zl530,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-acetylhomoserine'?","A. A lignan with a dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton isolated from Kadsura ananosma. B. A steroid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the 17-hydroxy group of cyproterone. It is an antiandrogenic drug which has recently been recognized to promote the occurrence and growth of intracranial meningiomas. C. An alpha-amino acid that is homoserine in which the alcoholic hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding acetate. D. A germacranolide isolated from Lychnophora antillana and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,O-acetylhomoserine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7671 1_1_7c12971o,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as just treatment'?","A. An appraisal which represents an evaluation that the person was treated justly by another person. B. The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the person was treated unjustly by another person. (Injustice.) D. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of whether the person was treated justly or unjustly by another person.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as just treatment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000101 1_1_t8f387g9,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'temperate'?","A. A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. B. A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. C. A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. D. A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,temperate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000206 1_1_4x1n2ptf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'makecdfenv'?","A. This package has two functions. One reads a Affymetrix chip description file (CDF) and creates a hash table environment containing the location/probe set membership mapping. The other creates a package that automatically loads that environment. B. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read GeneTraffic specific data from a project summary zip file and covert them to BioConductor objects (for 1 color projects affy's ExpressionSet, for 2 color projects marray's marrayRaw) C. The affy package contains functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The dependance to tkWidgets only concerns few convenience functions. 'affy' is fully functional without it. D. A package to provide UUID values in R",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,makecdfenv,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000612 1_1_zfdpkj43,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol toxicity'?","A. A disposition of a substance to cause harm to an organism that is exposed to it. B. Toxicity of a substance in which the substance is ethanol. C. Toxicity of a substance that is at or above a level that causes disease. D. Toxicity of a substance in which the substance is nicotine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol toxicity,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000816 1_1_g30ygytb,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'synovial joint of pectoral girdle'?","A. Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. B. A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. C. A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. D. Any synovial joint that is part of a (free) limb.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,synovial joint of pectoral girdle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011108 1_1_tvu92rl0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'future coelemic cavity lumen'?","A. An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. B. An anatomical space that is enclosed by a pharynx. C. Joint cavity shared by all the joints of the elbow. The elbow joint is a compound joint that actually comprises three separate joints: the joints connecting the upper and lower arm: 1) Articulatio humero-ulnaris and 2) Articulatio humero-radialis as well as the proximal joint connecting the forarm bones: 3) Articulatio radio-ulnaris proximalis. All three share a joint cavity which is highly sinuated/scalloped/coved. Joint spaces of the elbow summarizes the joint cavity shared by all three adjoining joints of the elbow joint. D. An anatomical cavity that has the potential to develop into a coelemic cavity lumen.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,future coelemic cavity lumen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003886 1_1_egzlh2ip,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiovascular technologist or technician'?","A. Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. B. Conduct tests on pulmonary or cardiovascular systems of patients for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes. May conduct or assist in electrocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, pulmonary functions, lung capacity, and similar tests. C. Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing. D. Assist engineers in determining the practicality of proposed product design changes and plan and carry out tests on experimental test devices or equipment for performance, durability, or efficiency.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cardiovascular technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29203100 1_1_ajpb65kd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'delayed birth certificate'?","A. A type of birth certificate allowed if the birth occurred at a person's home or house. Home birth certificates often require different registration processes and may not be available in all jurisdictions. B. A birth certificate originating in a foreign country (often as opposed to country of residence). C. A type of birth certificate issued to Indonesian-born individuals, per the Denpasar Civil Registry. D. In Singapore, a birth certificate received after the registration of birth at the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,delayed birth certificate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009530 1_1_1uichgq4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seedling number'?","A. Total fresh weight of harvested foliage and stems B. Compatibility for use in a given environment C. Number of emerging seedlings D. Stalk length",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seedling number,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000460 1_1_4o2iy362,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic'?","A. Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and increases the rate at which this time point is reached. B. Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and decreases the rate at which this time point is reached. C. Any process that modulates the consistent predetermined time point at which a nematode larva progresses from an initial condition to a later condition and the rate at which this time point is reached. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dauer larval development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"negative regulation of nematode larval development, heterochronic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090446 1_1_d22yaw08,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'yellow sea warm current'?","A. (Also called littoral current.) The resultant current produced by waves being deflected at an angle by the shore. In this case the current runs roughly parallel to the shoreline. The longshore current is capable of carrying a certain amount of material as long as its velocity remains fairly constant; however, any obstruction, such as a submarine rock ridge or a land point cutting across the path of the current, will cause loss of velocity and consequent loss of carrying power. B. The western part of the subpolar gyre in the deep (western) part of the Bering Sea. C. A surface current flowing northward along the central axis of the Yellow Sea. D. A foreland basin is a depression that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,yellow sea warm current,http://sweetontology.net/realmOceanFeature/YellowSeaWarmCurrent 1_1_zudttdbl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal arthrogryposis type 5'?","A. A distal arthrogryposis characterized by autosomal domiant inheritance of contractures of the distal regions of the hands and feet with no facial involvement or other anomalies. B. A distal arthrogryposis characterized by distal arthrogryposis with short stature and cleft palate that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PIEZO2 gene on chromosome 18p11.22-p11.21. C. A distal arthrogryposis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the chromosome region 2q31.3-q32.1. D. A distal arthrogryposis characterized by distal arthrogryposis with ocular abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous gain of function mutation in the PIEZO2 gene on chromosome 18p11.22-p11.21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,distal arthrogryposis type 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111608 1_1_3p37v64b,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'montane'?","A. Montane is a biogeographic term which refers to highland areas located below the subalpine zone.[1] Montane regions generally have cooler temperatures and often have higher rainfall than the adjacent lowland regions, and are frequently home to distinct communities of plants and animals. [Wikipedia] B. A forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria. These plant communities cover large areas of the globe and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth's biosphere. C. Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants (forbs). Plants of the sedge (Cyperacae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be frequent in grasslands. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica, and in many other areas they have replaced the natural vegetation due to human influence. In temperate latitudes, such as north-west Europe, grasslands are dominated by perennial species, whereas in warmer climates annual species form a greater component of the vegetation. D. An irregular zone of extremely tall trees, rising above the mean canopy",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,montane,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/Montane 1_1_09wxc5r2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility'?","A. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. B. Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cilium-dependent cell motility. D. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of cilium movement involved in cell motility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060295 1_1_chmmda7t,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'microbial community'?","A. An ecological community which is composed of co-existing populations of microbial organisms that interact, directly or indirectly, such that they impact one another's ecological fitness. B. A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. C. A multi-species collection of organisms that consists of two or more microbes from at least two species. D. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's position being displaced from a reference point.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,microbial community,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PCO_1000004 1_1_g6x7u8qd,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pseudostratified columnar epithelium'?","A. The layer of secretory cells which lines the epididymis. B. Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. C. A simple columnar epithelium that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels. D. The epithelial layer of the stomach .",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pseudostratified columnar epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010498 1_1_xq3cjwr5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sporangium locule'?","A. A sporangium locule that is part of an anther and is a cavity within a single pollen sac or two or more fused pollen sacs. B. A locule that is a cavity in a fruit and develops from a plant ovary locule . C. A locule that is a cavity in a sporangium or several fused sporangia. D. A locule that is a cavity in a plant ovary .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sporangium locule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025265 1_1_j24yhgs8,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rent contract'?","A. Class defining supplies contracts aimed to lease supplies. B. Class defining supplies contracts aimed to rent supplies. C. Class describing contracts whose object is the acquisition of supplies. D. Class to describe the supplies contracts aimed to buy supplies.",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Rent contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#RentContract 1_1_mhx8nbjx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - silver dry weight'?","A. Measure the Lead concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it B. Measure the Uranium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it C. Measure the Silver concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it D. Measure the size of the tuber and rate it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - silver dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001191 1_1_9ozi816x,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement'?","A. This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality. An instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as ""carbon-14 dating"" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query. Regardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for) should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period. The condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement, or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that is relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item. The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions, and concepts. This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of “determination,” i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E16 Measurement,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E16_Measurement 1_1_ofpozowf,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease course'?","A. A disease course that terminates in a return to normal homeostasis. B. A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, involve an increasing deviation from homeostasis. C. An abnormal processual entity occuring in a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. D. The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,disease course,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000063 1_1_cwkqhn0x,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'performance'?","A. Transcription event B. A release event, in a particular place (e.g. a country) at a particular time. Other factors of this event might include cover art, liner notes, box, etc. or a release grouping all these. C. A performance event. It might include as agents performers, engineers, conductors, or even listeners. It might include as factors a score, a MusicalWork, musical instruments. It might produce a sound:-) D. An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score).",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,performance,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Performance 1_1_lr412hok,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate'?","A. The (S)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. B. The conjugate base of (R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid and R enantiomer of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. C. A monohydroxyproline in which the hydroxy substituent is located at position C3. D. The conjugate base of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49257 1_1_70dxi4qs,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Start'?","A. As the name implies, the Start Event indicates where a particular process will start. B. Intermediate Events occur between a Start Event and an End Event. It will affect the flow of the process, but will not start or (directly) terminate the process. C. Entity, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Participant, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. InputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Start,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#start_event 1_1_jztos086,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. B. Any process that regulates translation occurring at the postsynapse. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). EPSP is a process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. D. Any process that modulates synaptic transmission by regulating translation occurring at the synapse.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,"regulation of translation at synapse, modulating synaptic transmission",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099547 1_1_30bax2mp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hair inner root sheath'?","A. A hair inner root sheath that is part of a vibrissa unit. B. A stratified epithelium that surrounds the hair follicle that merges proximally with the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis and distally with the hair bulb. C. A multilayered tube composed of terminally differentiated hair follicle keratinocytes that is surrounded by the outer root sheath; the layers of the inner root sheath include the companion layer, Henle's layer, Huxley's layer and the inner root sheath cuticle[MP]. D. A hair root sheath that is part of a vibrissa unit.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hair inner root sheath,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005941 1_1_44mstu6c,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Great cardiac vein'?","A. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a a tributary of some coronary sinus situated in some posterior longitudinal sulcus that collects blood from the diaphragmatic region of some right and left ventricles B. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some coronary sinus situated in some anterior longitudinal sulcus that collects blood from the anterior region of some right and left ventricles. C. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a a tributary of some coronary sinus that collects blood from some right atrium and ventricle, and follows the coronary sulcus before draining into it. D. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is one of numerous small veins arising in some muscular walls and draining independently into the cavities of some heart, particularly some right atrium and right ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Great cardiac vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma4707 1_1_neg8zacz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ciguatoxin CTX1B'?","A. A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered rings and a spiro-fused five-membered ring. A commonly encountered fish toxin. B. A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered oxacycles and a spiro-fused tetrahydrofuran substituted by a (1E)-buta-1,3-dien-1-yl side chain. It is isolated from Gambierdiscus toxicus. C. A ciguatoxin comprising a linear sequence of ten trans-fused five-, six-, eight- and nine-membered rings. D. A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered oxacycles and a spiro-fused hydroxytetrahydrofuran ring.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ciguatoxin CTX1B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36467 1_1_5sufbr91,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'short cell'?","A. Cells with deposits of silica in them. One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with epidermal cork cell. B. A leaf pavement cell that is part of a leaf abaxial epidermis. C. One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with silica cell. D. An isodiametric leaf pavement cell.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,short cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004718 1_1_g74wcdnn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic ischemic heart DP'?","A. Documented history of previous myocardial infarction, a sudden and sometimes fatal occurrence of coronary thrombosis, typically resulting in the death of part of a heart muscle. Also known as heart attack. B. heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries. When arteries are narrowed, less blood and oxygen reaches the heart muscle. This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack. C. Unstable angina (UA) is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular. D. Also called coronary artery disease, describes heart problems caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic ischemic heart DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000167 1_1_ssscqsbh,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pdf'?","A. PDF is an open standard for document exchange. B. PostScript is a format used for describing documents. C. The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. D. tex is a format for documents written in the document markup language and document preparation system LaTeX.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pdf,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000015 1_1_0voxy99z,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bracket epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand'?","A. An abnormality of the distal phalanges of the hand in which the epiphysis surrounds a phalangeal bone, having a bracket-like form and reaching from the proximal side of a phalanx to the distal side. B. An abnormality of the second finger in which the epiphysis surrounds a phalangeal bone, having a bracket-like form and reaching from the proximal side of a phalanx to the distal side. C. Distal epiphyses of the hand are hard and dense like ivory. Such an epiphysis has a uniformly dense appearance on radiographs. D. Abnormality of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the fifth finger. This epiphysis is located on the proximal end of the phalanx.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bracket epiphyses of the distal phalanges of the hand,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010247 1_1_cm1efkhv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'riding sex position'?","A. A sex position which can only be penetrative in nature. B. Any of various sex positions in which an orifice, typically the vagina or anus, is entered from behind. C. A sex position in which the receptive vaginal partner lies on their back and the penetrating partner lies on top of them so that they are facing each other when engaging in vaginal intercourse. D. Any of various sex positions in which one person is on top of another person during a penetrative sexual activity.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,riding sex position,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009732 1_1_tyvbbz1z,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'instrumental aggressive behavior'?","A. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. B. Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation. C. A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual. D. Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,instrumental aggressive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002126 1_1_6p0ubbn6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased KCO'?","A. Restriction of arterial blood supply to the intestine associated with insufficient oxygenation to support the metabolic requirements of the tissue. Acute intestinal ischemia can involve the small or large intestine, and usually presents with sudden severe non-specific abdominal pain. B. Any deviation from the normal range of KCO. The KCO is a measurement of the rate constant for alveolar uptake of CO during breath-holding in the single breath measurement of DLCO at full inflation. The DLCO is derived as the product of the KCO and the single breath alveolar volume (VA) divided by PB-PH2O. C. Increased diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO) rate constant (efficiency index). D. Decreased diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO) rate constant (efficiency index).",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased KCO,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033373 1_1_1nv6crsa,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 1'?","A. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the GATA1 gene on chromosome Xp11. B. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the G6PD gene on chromosome Xq28, and is the most common genetic form of chronic and drug-, food-, or infection-induced hemolytic anemia. C. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GSR gene on chromosome 8p21. D. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PKLR gene on chromosome 1q22.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051003 1_1_02kuw9em,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'net shortwave radiation'?","A. Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy. B. A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. C. Energy which is realised through motion. D. Energy which has been absorbed by an astronomical body or its parts following that body's irradiation by shortwave radiation from a star.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,net shortwave radiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105265 1_1_tse7g8t2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf length - Measurement'?","A. Measure primary raceme dry weight and record it. B. Measure main stem diameter in between 3rd and 5th internode and record it. C. Count and weigh seed per sampling unit (single, 100, 200, 1000). D. Measure leaf length and record it.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf length - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_347:0000129 1_1_68uzmh5b,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kettle'?","A. of ants B. of vipers C. of lions D. of vultures whilst circling",D,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Kettle,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Kettle 1_1_l4bm90qw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''cellHTS2''?","A. Analysis of cell-based RNA interference screens B. Builds platform design information packages. These consist of a SQLite database containing feature-level data such as x, y position on chip and featureSet ID. The database also incorporates featureSet-level annotation data. The products of this packages are used by the oligo pkg. C. topGO package provides tools for testing GO terms while accounting for the topology of the GO graph. Different test statistics and different methods for eliminating local similarities and dependencies between GO terms can be implemented and applied. D. Analyze microarray data",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'cellHTS2',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000495 1_1_qxealbeq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoal'?","A. A delta is a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary, lake or another river. It builds up sediment outwards into the flat area which the river's flow encounters (as a deltaic deposit) transported by the water and set down as the currents slow. Deltaic deposits of larger, heavily-laden rivers are characterized by the main channel dividing amongst often substantial land masses into multiple streams known as distributaries. These divide and come together again to form a maze of active and inactive channels. B. A shoal is a somewhat linear landform within or extending into a body of water, typically comprised of sand, silt or small pebbles. Alternatively termed sandbar or sandbank, a bar is characteristically long and narrow (linear) and develops where a stream or ocean current promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. Alternatively a bar may separate a lake from the sea, as in the case of an ayre. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. C. The thermocline (sometimes metalimnion) is a layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. D. A seasonal low found over a continent in the summer and over the adjacent sea in the winter. Examples are the lows over the southwestern US and India in summer and those located off lower California and in the Bay of Bengal in winter. Palmer (1951) points out that, while the winter and summer monsoon lows appear similar on mean charts, they are dynamically quite different. Compare thermal low.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,shoal,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandCoastal/Shoal 1_1_bqjpp06h,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital structural myopathy'?","A. A myopathy that is characterized by hypotonia, muscle weakness, and delayed development of motor skills. B. A congenital myopathy characterized by proximal and generalized muscle weakness, respiratory difficulties, joint contractures, and scoliosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in MEGF10 on chromosome 5q23.2. C. A congenital myopathy that is characterized by the onset of symptoms of muscle weakness in early childhood, including in utero and infancy and that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous or heterozygous mutation in the CACNA1S gene on chromosome 1q32. D. A congenital myopathy that is characterized by congenital weakness, arthrogryposis, cleft palate, ptosis, myopathic facies, short stature, kykphoscoliosis, talipes deformities and susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia provoked by anesthesia and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the STAC3 gene on chromosome 12q13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital structural myopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_422 1_1_900k9djv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of centromere complex assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902681 1_1_ptomssxa,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'nimbostratus'?","A. A cloud forming in maritime air containing relatively low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. These clouds are characterized by a broader droplet size distribution and low droplet concentrations (some 100 cm-3). See continental cloud. B. A synoptic-scale cloud pattern frequently observed in satellite imagery just prior to the onset of cyclogenesis. C. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. D. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,nimbostratus,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/Nimbostratus 1_1_gwj1vkas,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gestational diabetes mellitus'?","A. symptoms during pregnancy and the puerperium (after the pregnancy) B. preexisting anemia in a pregnant woman that complicates pregnancy and childbirth C. Gestational diabetes is diabetes that happens for the first time when a woman is pregnant. Gestational diabetes goes away when you have your baby, but it does increase your risk for having diabetes later. D. supervision of a pregnancy in a woman who has delivered 5 or more infants who has achieved a gestational age of 24+ weeks",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Gestational diabetes mellitus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000517 1_1_91x7ptic,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lambing storm'?","A. (Also called lamb-blasts, lamb-showers, lamb storm.) A slight fall of snow in the spring in England. B. A type of matrix consisting of soft deformable framework grains that are squeezed and flattened between stronger framework grains. C. Aerosol having its origin over the continents with industrial, urban, agricultural, forest, and desert sources, with potential for high concentrations of hygroscopic aerosol. D. Localized, convective snow bands that occur in the lee of lakes when relatively cold airflows over warm water. In the US this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. Snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lambing storm,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/LambingStorm 1_1_a9y5ywwv,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'angular velocity'?","A. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increased rate of change of the position. B. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time. C. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's decreased rate of change of the position. D. A velocity quality which inheres in the surface layer of a glacier.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,angular velocity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001413 1_1_25m7j2ux,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary alcohol'?","A. The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. B. A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. C. A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. D. A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,primary alcohol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15734 1_1_xijfulxf,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Collaborative_Plan'?","A. A plan is a structure of multiple other plans or actions. These can be both sequential or concurrent. Usually a plan is referred to in the context of the intention to act of some agent, however when executed the plan itself comes into effect. B. A personal plan is a plan which is held (and can be executed) by at most one agent. C. A transaction is an exchange or interaction between at least two agents a and b. Consists of two actions A and B where a is the actor of action A and the recipient of action B, and vice versa. Usually these actions are performed concurrently, but these may also be done consequently. D. A collaborative plan is a plan which is shared (and executed) between at least two agents a and b.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Collaborative_Plan,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/action.owl#Collaborative_Plan 1_1_t64vexq1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified glaucoma'?","A. no symptoms, but HIV was found in patient's bloodstream B. when your temperature rises above its normal range C. A disorder characterized by an increase in pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the aqueous humor outflow. D. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified glaucoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000341 1_1_hsuv1x5k,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cuit'?","A. A Luiseño person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. B. A Northern Paiute person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Shasta person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. An Arikara person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cuit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002053 1_1_3wt7pd1y,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cloud'?","A. There are more listed on: https://safarisafricana.com/collective-nouns-animals-birds-africa/ B. of lions C. of vultures whilst circling D. of insects, gnats, grasshoppers",D,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Cloud,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Cloud 1_1_gw571vux,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'acoustic back scattering'?","A. scattering of waves (photons) that reverse the direction of propagation B. A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area. C. Scattering of sound or ultrasound in the direction of the source. D. A wind blowing from the desert.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,acoustic back scattering,http://sweetontology.net/procWave/AcousticBackScattering 1_1_pcf85tm6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'basic vegetative phase - Measurement'?","A. Basic vegetative phase is calculated from the minimal duration of the vegetative phase. It is estimated in environment where the photoperiod is lower than the critical photoperiod (in the case of short days plant like sorghum) B. Whole grain is ground and 10mg of flour is used for measurement by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of the enthalpy change of the formation of complexes between amylose and phospholipid observed during cooling. C. A NIRS spectrum is acquired from a flour sample or a whole grain sample and the lipid content is predicted using an appropriate calibration based on the reference method. D. Measure length of the peduncle emerged from flag leaf sheath to base of the panicle.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,basic vegetative phase - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000694 1_1_o3inrd5g,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'karst'?","A. A geophysical phenomena involving the extrusion of rock that tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia] B. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] C. The tectonic phenomena is the observable motions of the tectonic plates in the Earth's Lithosphere. [Wikipedia] D. The process of depositing material by water, wind, or glaciers.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,karst,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolGeomorphology/Karst 1_1_1lojkqd1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of saliva secretion'?","A. Any process that modulates the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or a tissue. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intestinal absorption. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of saliva secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046877 1_1_or7omjim,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Muscular part of interventricular septum'?","A. Muscular part of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of interatrial septum and the walls of right and left atria. B. Muscular part of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of interventricular septum and the myocardium of free wall of right and left ventricles. C. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which has as its direct parts some brain and spinal cord. D. Subdivision of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of cardiac septum and the wall of cardiac chamber.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Muscular part of interventricular septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7134 1_1_ct67ch30,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco smoking behaviour'?","A. Tobacco use behaviour that involves the use of a smokeless tobacco-containing product. B. A tobacco smoking behaviour that involves setting light to one end of a cigarette, putting the other end to the lips and sucking in order to ingest cigarette smoke. C. A tobacco use behaviour that involves setting light to a combustible tobacco product and ingesting the tobacco smoke that is produced. D. A substance use behaviour that involves ingesting constituents of a tobacco-containing product.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco smoking behaviour,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_036103 1_1_runqh6dc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cartilago orbitalis'?","A. Larval upper jaws articulate with trabecular horns. B. Larval lower jaw lies anterior to Meckels cartilage. C. A cartilage element that is part of the cranial skeleton. D. Lateral wall of chondrocranial braincase between lamina orbitonasalis and pila metoptica.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cartilago orbitalis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000074 1_1_wbdcvvqd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'theoretical framework'?","A. A framework which offers to support a particular theory or concept. B. A conceptual system underlying another structure or system. C. A framework built upon a particular scientific theory. D. The growing corpus luteum; referring to as such due to its red coloration.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,theoretical framework,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010389 1_1_0wgfbqrh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'human population'?","A. An aggregate of human beings. B. A drug attribute which describes the process by which a drug is released into the blood stream at a predetermined rate to maintain a specific drug concentration over a period of time. C. An almond-shaped cluster of nuclei located within the medial temporal lobe of the brain, which makes up part of the limbic system, that serves a role in memory, emotional reactions and decision-making. D. An object aggregate that consists of particles of solids and liquids suspended in air.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,human population,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_041000 1_1_epp34hms,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'moving abruptly'?","A. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, towards people (approach). B. A bodily movement behaviour which involves abrupt movements. C. A bodily movement behaviour which involves remaining still. D. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, away from people (avoidance).",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,moving abruptly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000135 1_1_mq0or3s9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organophosphorus compound'?","A. A phospholipid that is a component of the plasma membrane with signal transduction inducing activity. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an intermediate that can be converted into either the second messenger signaling molecules, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), or phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3; PIP3). Both PIP2 and PIP3 can act as docking phospholipids, which recruit signaling proteins to the plasma membrane and promotes the activation of several signaling cascades. B. An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. C. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pyruvic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. Any molecular entity that contains carbon.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organophosphorus compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25710 1_1_6x4blszd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway'?","A. A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of events leading from the formation of activated factor X to the formation of active thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, and the formation of cleaved fibrin into a stable multimeric, cross-linked complex. B. A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the cascade of enzymatic reactions initiated by physical damage to the wall of a blood vessel, leading to the formation of a formation of a fibrin clot at the site of the injury. The process also includes numerous positive and negative regulatory events. C. A sequential series of modifications to a set of proteins where the product of one reaction catalyzes the following reaction, ultimately leading to the generation of a mature protein. Modifications typically include proteolysis or covalent modification, and may also include binding events. D. A protein activation cascade that contributes to blood coagulation and consists of the interactions among high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor XII that lead to the activation of clotting factor X.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,"blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007597 1_1_sk8ag4vl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Dominicans'?","A. LGBTQIA+ people who are Belizean. B. LGBTQIA+ people who are Dominican. C. LGBTQIA+ people who are Grenadian. D. LGBTQIA+ people who are Panamanian.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Dominicans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012193 1_1_i8x42x5s,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'prepared food product (eurofir)'?","A. EFG group 32, Eurocode-2 group 12. B. This subgroup includes multicomponent meals, sauces, retail salads, desserts, soups, snacks and other foods where similarity of the product type is more significant than the source of the principal ingredient(s). C. The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. D. A liquid food made by simmering meat, poultry, seafood or vegetables, being clear or thickened to the consistency of a thin puree or having milk or cream added, and often containing pieces of solid food such as meat, shellfish, pasta or vegetables. Soup takes precedence over other food products. Examples are egg and lemon soup, oxtail soup, fish soup, rice soup, lentil soup, minestrone, cherry soup.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,prepared food product (eurofir),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03400861 1_1_ev41rzdm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cytosolic ciliogenesis'?","A. The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. B. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a motile cilium. C. The process in which an axoneme is exposed entirely or partially to the cytoplasm or by which the cytoplasmic portion is assembled or extended. Cytosolic ciliogenesis can occur following compartmentalized ciliogenesis, in which the cilium is formed within a compartment separated from the cytoplasm. D. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a non-motile cilium.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cytosolic ciliogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061824 1_1_a8guyupz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'janitor or cleaner, except maids or housekeeping cleaner'?","A. Repair and replace tires. B. Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk. C. Set up, operate, or tend drilling machines to drill, bore, ream, mill, or countersink metal or plastic work pieces. D. Load and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such as coal, sand, and grain, into or from tank cars, trucks, or ships, using material moving equipment. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of products. May gauge or sample shipping tanks and test them for leaks.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"janitor or cleaner, except maids or housekeeping cleaner",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_37201100 1_1_cxegkijs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anxiety disorder'?","A. A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. B. A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. C. A cognitive disorder that is characterized by objective impairment in cognition with minimal impairment of their capacity to undertake the instrumental activities of daily living. D. A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,anxiety disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2030 1_1_bwkc3u7x,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. D. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0055023 1_1_daigcmlk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphincter pupillae'?","A. A smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris that functions as a dilator. [WP,unvetted]. B. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. C. A ring of smooth muscle cells whose contraction closes the opening of the ring. D. A sphincter muscle that is part of the iris.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sphincter pupillae,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001607 1_1_bc0j995b,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflammatory bowel disease 24'?","A. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 1p36. B. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 9q32. C. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome 20q13. D. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 5p13.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,inflammatory bowel disease 24,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110908 1_1_3cexnv9t,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'reduction mammaplasty'?","A. A surgical procedure for increasing breast size using a prosthetic implant. B. Surgery performed to reduce the size of the breast. C. Reduction mammaplasty performed for the purpose of gender affirmation. D. Surgical reconstruction of the breast.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,reduction mammaplasty,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C51615 1_1_xcar1304,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'palea primordia visible stage'?","A. Stage of palea development defined by differentiation and expansion of palea. B. A phyllome development stage that has as a primary participant a palea . C. Stage of palea development that begins when the palea primordia arise. D. Stage of palea development when palea is fully expanded.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,palea primordia visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001058 1_1_dcpidgnr,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zeal'?","A. of crocodiles B. of mosquitos C. of zebra D. of vipers",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Zeal,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Zeal 1_1_0f5mf7xu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'petroselinic acid'?","A. A mixture resulting from extraction from propolis. B. An octadecenoic acid having a cis- or trans- double bond at position 6. C. The cis-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid. D. The trans-isomer of octadec-6-enoic acid, a long-chain fatty acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,petroselinic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28194 1_1_ofg3unwj,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemosensory behavior'?","A. An emotional behavioural process is the behaviour of the organism in response to the appraisal, which includes the characteristic facial expressions for particular emotion types. B. The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. C. Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. D. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,chemosensory behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007635 1_1_hjqckx5s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'urethra development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones. C. The progression of the urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,urethra development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061068 1_1_dc86folt,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geothermal'?","A. Seismic Zones are broad elongated regions along a fault line where earthquakes take place. [Wikipedia] B. In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. [Wikipedia] C. In geology, geothermal refers to heat sources within the planet. Strictly speaking, geo-thermal necessarily refers to the Earth but the concept may be applied to other planets. Geothermal is technically an adjective (e.g., geothermal energy) but in U.S. English the word has attained frequent use as a noun (otherwise expressed as g. heat, g. source, or geotherm). The planet's internal heat was originally generated during its accretion, due to gravitational binding energy, and since then additional heat has continued to be generated by the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, thorium, and potassium. The heat flow from the interior to the surface is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun. D. A geologic feature is a conceptual feature a that is hypothesized to exist coherently in the Earth that results from geological processes",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,geothermal,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandVolcanic/Geothermal 1_1_qtoyiev4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'common fibular nerve'?","A. A branch of the common fibular nerve that innervates the fibularis longus and brevis muscles, and via branches innervates parts of the dorsal part of the pes. B. A nerve arising at the terminal division of the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa and extending to the neck of the fibula, ultimately innervating the Peroneus muscle[MP]. C. A nerve that innervates the sole of the foot. Planar nerves arise from the posterior branch of the tibial nerve. D. A nerve that is part of a lower leg [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,common fibular nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001324 1_1_m54p8x5u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of ventricle'?","A. Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. B. Wall of cardiac chamber that surrounds the cavity of an atrium. C. Wall of cardiac chamber that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. D. Region of wall of heart which consists of endocardium, myocardium and epicardium that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13884 1_1_xmetsfds,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerial tuber axillary bud meristem'?","A. A sterile pistil, often rudimentary. B. A tuber axillary bud meristem that is part of a subterranean tuber. C. A tuber axillary bud meristem that is part of an aerial tuber. D. An axillary bud meristem that is part of a shoot axis tuber .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,aerial tuber axillary bud meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025069 1_1_9op9jpw8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calvarium'?","A. Subdivision of skull which has as its direct parts calvarium and basicranium. B. Organ region cluster of regional parts of two or more bone organs. Examples: wall of anterior cranial fossa, pan-maxillary alveolar arch. C. Subdivision of skull in the face. D. Subdivision of skull, each instance of which forms superior arch-like region of some neurocranium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Calvarium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma52800 1_1_12dln661,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Micronodular cirrhosis'?","A. A type of cirrhosis characterized by the presence of large regenerative nodules. B. A chronic disorder of the liver in which liver tissue becomes scarred and is partially replaced by regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue resulting in loss of liver function. C. A type of cirrhosis characterized by the presence of regenerative nodules of a variety of sizes. D. A type of cirrhosis characterized by the presence of small regenerative nodules.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Micronodular cirrhosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001413 1_1_grub4yqu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'female courtship behavior'?","A. The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. B. The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction. C. A mood process that is a general feeling of annoyance and gives rise to a heightened disposition to anger and other negatively valenced emotions. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,female courtship behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008050 1_1_edh3ujv4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'electroclinical syndrome'?","A. An epilepsy syndrome that is a group of clinical entities showing a cluster of electro-clinical characteristics, classified according to age at onset, cognitive and developmental antecedents and consequences, motor and sensory examinations, EEG features, provoking or triggering factors, and patterns of seizure occurrence with respect to sleep. B. An epilepsy characterized by seizures triggered by visual stimuli that form patterns in space or time, such as flashing lights. C. An epilepsy syndrome that is characterized by seizures that are preceded by an isolated disturbance of a cerebral function and arise from an epileptic focus, a small portion of the brain that serves as the irritant driving the epileptic response. D. An epilepsy that is characterized by new-onset refractory seizures along with subacute progressive cognitive decline and behavioral or psychiatric dysfunction.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,electroclinical syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050701 1_1_ae07dpsm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'humidity'?","A. The ratio of reflected flux density to incident flux density, referenced to some surface. B. 1. Generally, some measure of the water vapor content of air. The multiplicity of humidity measures is partly due to different methods of measurement and partly because the conservative measures (mixing ratio, specific humidity) cover an extremely wide dynamic range, as a result of the rapid variation of saturation vapor pressure with temperature. 2. Popularly, same as relative humidity. C. In a system of moist air, the (dimensionless) ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of the system. D. A general term referring to the radiation reflected from, or scattered back through, a given surface in response to radiation incident on the surface with the same wavelength or wavelength range.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,humidity,http://sweetontology.net/propFraction/Humidity 1_1_2d1ilzah,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing'?","A. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. C. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060148 1_1_gox4wf41,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Palatine tonsil'?","A. Tonsil, each instance of which consists of lymphoid tissue around the pharyngeal orifice of some external auditory tube. B. Tonsil, each instance of which consists of submucosal masses of lymphoid tissue located beteen some palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches on either side of some oropharynx. C. Tonsil, each instance of which is some mass of lymphoid tissue in the roof and posterior wall of some nasopharynx. D. Tonsil, each instance of which consists of an aggregation of lymphoid follicles on the floor of some oropharynx, at the root of some tongue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Palatine tonsil,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9610 1_1_gx9wnzrv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'vocalization behavior'?","A. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. C. The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system. D. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,vocalization behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071625 1_1_pdoxcppe,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'urine'?","A. A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. B. Any gaseous product of an excretory process. C. Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. D. Excretion that is the output of a kidney.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,urine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088 1_1_2hv99nub,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial chronic myelocytic leukemia-like syndrome'?","A. A chronic myeloid leukemia characterized by chronic myelocytic leukemia in early infancy and absence of the BCR/ABL fusion gene (Philadelphia chromosome). B. A chronic myeloid leukemia that is characterized by an abnormally high number of neutrophils and the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. C. A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by over production of white blood cells. D. A mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the ATP5F1D gene on chromosome 19p13.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial chronic myelocytic leukemia-like syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060761 1_1_16hk6ys8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleosome array spacer activity'?","A. A histone octamer slider activity that spaces nucleosomes along chromosomal DNA. This activity is involved in assembling chromatin in uniform nucleosome arrays to regulate transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III, as well as DNA replication, recombination and repair. B. A chromatin remodeler activity that slides core histone octamers along chromosomal DNA. C. A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof. D. Binding to a prostaglandin D2 receptor.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,nucleosome array spacer activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140750 1_1_nx70q36v,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthracycline antibiotic'?","A. An anthracycline antibiotic that is 13-deoxydaunorubicin substituted at position 10 by a carboxy group. B. An anthracycline antibiotic that is steffimycin in which the carbonyl group that is adjacent to the carbon bearing both a hydroxy group and a methyl group has been reduced to the corresponding methylene group. An antitumour anthracycline first isolated from Streptomyces steffisburgensis. C. An organic compound that has a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine and which exhibits antibiotic activity. D. An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,anthracycline antibiotic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49322 1_1_4c4orcuo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'stratum spinosum of epidermis'?","A. A roof plate that is part of a telencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. B. A minute orifice on the summit of the papillae lacrimales, which is the commencement point of the lacrimal canaliculi. C. The layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale; shrinkage and adhesion of these cells gives a spiny or prickly appearance. D. A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,stratum spinosum of epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002026 1_1_24zhc927,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focus group discussion for second ranked traits with male respondents'?","A. Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked second highest in preference ranking exercise B. Recorded from the base of the pseudostem to the emerging point of the peduncle. C. Identify the nematode species present in the banana plant root sample (Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Meloidogyne incognita, ?) D. Visual assessment.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Focus group discussion for second ranked traits with male respondents,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010582 1_1_yjhpl3iw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem color'?","A. Categorized into green (13), red (4), or no pigmentation (15) B. Presence (1) absence (0) scoring of stem streaks or stripes C. Score for the overall amount of side branches of representative plants in a plot, ignoring very small and spindly branches, ranging from 1 = no branches to 7 = bushy plant with many major lateral branches D. Classified into one of the three categories: glomerulate, intermediate, or amarantiform",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_367:0000076 1_1_rv4o08o3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'university student'?","A. A student in an undergraduate program. B. A person who is a student in higher education, i.e. in undergraduate or postgraduate education. C. A student in a university. D. A student in a college.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,university student,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010259 1_1_nf73dcj7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shoot potassium - Method'?","A. Diameter of fully dried seed is measured using vernier caliper B. Ratio of C13/C12 in leaf in relation to the air C. Measured in field pits or containers D. Determination of potassium content by using nitric acid digestion method (AAS & ICP-OES) at vegetative stage",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shoot potassium - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000219 1_1_dwl4f7yx,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anaxonic neuron'?","A. Neuron with two neurites that are fused grossly when they protrude from the soma and bifurcate a short distance from the soma. B. Neural cell which has as its direct parts a cell body (soma) and one or more axons. C. Neural cell which has as its direct parts a cell body (soma) and one or more dendrites. D. Neuron with an axon and no dendrites.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anaxonic neuron,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329131 1_1_b62ucj5g,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'katabatic wind'?","A. Most widely used in mountain meteorology to denote a downslope flow driven by cooling at the slope surface during periods of light larger-scale winds; the nocturnal component of the along-slope wind systems. B. The strong wind blowing across a mountain crest, responsible for the formation of the Moazagotl cloud. C. A local wind blowing through a gap between mountains, a gap wind. This term was introduced by R. S. Scorer (1952) for the surface winds blowing through the Strait of Gibraltar. When air stratification is stable, as it usually is in summer, the air tends to flow through the gap from high to low pressure, emerging as a ?jet? with large standing eddies in the lee of the gap. The excess of pressure on the upwind side is attributed to a pool of cold air held up by the mountains. Similar winds occur at other gaps in mountain ranges, such as the tehuantepecer and the jochwinde, and in long channels, such as the Strait of Juan de Fuca between the Olympic Mountains of Washington and Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Compare jet-effect wind, canyon wind, mountain wind. D. The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,katabatic wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/KatabaticWind 1_1_qkpd33um,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of translational initiation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,negative regulation of translational initiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045947 1_1_fehnkug1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein-coding sequence'?","A. The portion of an mRNA or genomic sequence which encodes specifically for a protein sequence. B. Power of institutions, organizations, or laws of society to influence or regulate behavior or attitudes of groups or individuals. C. A sequence of nucleotides which encode an RNA or protein product. D. A Blackfoot person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,protein-coding sequence,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001390 1_1_qzvk2y5e,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac right atrium formation'?","A. The process aimed at the progression of a vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A vascular smooth muscle cell is a non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the blood vessels. B. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle. C. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a left cardiac atrium from unspecified parts. D. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac right atrium from unspecified parts.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cardiac right atrium formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003217 1_1_qxxv7oa5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine nasal spray'?","A. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a chewing gum. B. A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking. C. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine by a spray in to nose. D. A nicotine replacement therapy product that consists of a plastic tube which holds a replaceable nicotine cartridge which delivers nicotine orally to a person through a mouthpiece.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine nasal spray,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000260 1_1_fgbdnber,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'C-C chemokine receptor type 2'?","A. A chemokine receptor that is a translation product of the human CCR2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands include CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13. B. A chemokine receptor that is a translation product of the human CCR1 or CCR3 genes, the mouse CCR1L1 gene, 1:1 orthologs thereof, or a semi-ortholog thereof. C. A chemokine receptor that is a translation product of the human CX3CR1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligand is CX3CL1. D. A chemokine receptor that is a translation product of the human CCR7 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. The preferred ligands are CCL19 and CCL21.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,C-C chemokine receptor type 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001199 1_1_hu60sqx9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'endothelium'?","A. Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA]. B. Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. C. A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. D. A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (endothelium, vascular), lymph vessels (endothelium, lymphatic), and the serous cavities of the body[MESH]. Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart[FMA].",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,endothelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986 1_1_6wt5uwud,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic splanchnic nerve'?","A. Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and general visceral afferent fibers. B. The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen, including the greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves that are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses and the lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia. C. A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. D. A nerve that is part of a chest [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,thoracic splanchnic nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018679 1_1_kwb6gnj0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabinoid receptor agonist'?","A. Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. B. An agonist that binds to and activates cannabinoid receptors. C. A cannabinoid receptor agonist which consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring cannabinoids. D. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce depression.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabinoid receptor agonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67072 1_1_yrv3wtj8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 7'?","A. A mitochondrial metabolism disease characterized by impaired function of one or more of the proteins making up the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. B. A mitochondrial complex III deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the UQCRB gene on chromosome 8q22. C. A mitochondrial complex III deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the UQCC2 gene on chromosome 6p21. D. A mitochondrial complex III deficiency characterized by onset in early childhood of episodic acute lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, and insulin-responsive hyperglycemia, usually associated with infection and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CYC1 gene on chromosome 8q24.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080116 1_1_q2fsxzge,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'flat glass'?","A. A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. B. Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. C. Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. D. Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,flat glass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000483 1_1_o0htj1pv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intellectual disability-severe speech delay-mild dysmorphism syndrome'?","A. A syndromic intellectual disability characterized by tall stature, a distinctive facial appearance, and impaired intellectual development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the DNMT3A gene on chromosome 2p23.3. B. A syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay, impaired intellectual development, and characteristic brain abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MAST1 gene on chromosome 19p13.13. C. A syndromic intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay with moderate to severe speech delay, dysmorphic craniofacial features, and gross motor skill delays that particularly affects expressive speech that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FOXP1 gene on chromosome 3p13. D. A syndromic intellectual disability characterized by developmental delay, growth retardation with a small head circumference, facial dysmorphisms, and low cholesterol levels that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBE3B gene on chromosome 12q24.11.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,intellectual disability-severe speech delay-mild dysmorphism syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111331 1_1_1sp792wg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'water accumulation process'?","A. A process which consists of all aerobic respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. B. A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. C. Hydrological evaporation is the evaporation of water, generally as part of a planetary water cycle. D. A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,water accumulation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001220 1_1_lfbun8d6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'archesporial cell'?","A. A native plant cell that has half the chromosome complement of the sporophyte and is capable of fertilization to create a plant zygote . B. A native plant cell that has a lignified cell wall with secondary thickening and bordered pits. C. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of epidermis . D. A native plant cell that divides to gives rise to a sporocyte and is part of a sporangium .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,archesporial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030056 1_1_j4bypisu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD19 molecule'?","A. A protein that is a standalone version of the Hormone_1 domain (Pfam:PF00103). In the immature form, the domain is preceded by a signal peptide. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human CEBPA gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human SPN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human CD19 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is composed of an N-terminal extracellular domain containing two Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains, followed by a single-pass transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. CD19 expression is restricted to members of the B cell lineage. It functions as a co-receptor for B-cell antigen receptor (BCR), regulating signal transduction.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,CD19 molecule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001002 1_1_2cf8dvt4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of corticosteroid hormone secretion. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mineralocorticoid secretion. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucocorticoid secretion.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000850 1_1_z5ikueeu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Yellow mottle disease'?","A. The type and severity of yellow mottle disease symptoms caused by rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). Symptoms: stunting, reduced tillering, mottling and yellowing streaking of the leaves, delayed flowering or incomplete emergence of the panicles, in extreme cases, death of plants B. The extent of damage caused by green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens and Nephotettix cincticeps). Symptoms: partial to pronounced yellowing and increasing severity of stunting. Extreme signs are wilting to death of plants. Infested areas in the field may be patchy. C. The type and severity of panicle blast symptoms caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia oryzae). Symptoms: Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or completely around the panicle base (node) or the uppermost internode or the lower part pf panicle axis. The panicles are greyish and have either partially filled or unfilled grains D. The extent of damage caused by rats. Symptoms: the tiller is cut at a 45 degrees angle. Damage is typically heavier in the center of a crop (stadium effect). A tiller cut through by a rodent is likely to regrow, if this is after maximum tillering then the regrown tiller is unlikely to produce panicles prior to harvest. Often the regrown, but non productive, tillers are not scored as rodent damage.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Yellow mottle disease,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000192 1_1_myzqzudd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transverse perineal ligament'?","A. Nonskeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibromuscular band that is attached to some uterus near the attachment of some uterine tube, passing then within the anterior lamina of some broad ligament, out through some deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial inguinal ring to attach to the inner aspect of the skin of some labium majus. B. Ligament organ component, each instance of which is a broad band of fibers that arises from the medial condyle of some tibia, continuous more or less with the tendon of some semimembranosus, and passes obliquely across the back of some knee joint to the lateral epicondyle of some femur. C. Ligament organ component, each instance of which is an elastic tissue membrane that extends from some thyroid cartilage in front to the vocal process of some arytenoid cartilage behind; it lies within some vocal fold, below some vestibular ligament. D. Ligament of organ component, each instance of which is a fibrous band that spans some subpubic angle just behind the deep dorsal vein of some clitoris or penis, formed by thickening of the anterior edge of some perineal membrane.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Transverse perineal ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma27686 1_1_rzd599kx,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'CB1 receptor antagonist'?","A. An antagonist that binds to and deactivates cannabinoid receptors. B. An antagonist that binds to and deactivates type 1 cannabinoid receptors. C. An antagonist that binds to and deactivates type 2 cannabinoid receptors. D. A halogen molecular entity containing one or more atoms of chlorine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,CB1 receptor antagonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73416 1_1_q2rvvncm,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pleural plaque'?","A. The most frequent air leak, called a pneumothorax, is when the air collects between the lung and the chest wall. B. There are three types of pleural disorders—pleurisy, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax—and they have varying causes. C. increased amounts of fluid in pleural cavity D. Pleural plaques are deposits of hyalinized collagen fibers in the parietal pleura.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pleural plaque,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000198 1_1_390v6xic,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical adverse reaction to treatment'?","A. A clinical adverse event following treatment that is at least partly caused by the treatment. B. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco use. C. A personal attribute that inheres in a person by virtue of their bodily makeup. D. A bodily process involving clinical signs or symptoms, or onset, prolongation or worsening of a clinical disorder or disease.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,clinical adverse reaction to treatment,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001042 1_1_492jyqsp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes '(-)-cotinine'?","A. An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. B. A member of the class of nitrosamines that is butan-1-ol substituted by a pyridin-3-yl group at position 1 and by a methyl(nitroso)amino group at position 4. It is a major metabolite of nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which is a carcinogen found in tobacco and responsible for inducing lung cancer in smokers. C. 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-one (CHEBI:32692) is a nitrosamine (CHEBI:35803). D. A pyrrolidinone in which the oxo group is at position 2 of the pyrrolidine ring.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,(-)-cotinine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68641 1_1_dblnsw6y,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'claims adjuster, examiner, or investigator'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming. B. Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology. C. Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities to solicit and maintain funds for special projects or nonprofit organizations.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"claims adjuster, examiner, or investigator",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13103100 1_1_b91m3puo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the mammary gland cord forms by elongation of the mammary bud. The cord is formed once the elongating bud breaks through the mesenchyme and reaches the fat pad. B. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a metanephric tubule. C. The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the embryonic hindgut tube to form the Malpighian tubule. A bud is a protrusion that forms from the tube by localized changes in cell shape and position. D. The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,Malpighian tubule bud morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061332 1_1_gxw4u6tr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'somatostatin (human)'?","A. A bone marrow stromal antigen 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. An eomesodermin that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A somatostatin that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. D. A somatostatin that is encoded in the genome of human.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,somatostatin (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P61278 1_1_jcsv92cc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002714 1_1_qrysmfrs,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cerebral white matter atrophy'?","A. The presence of atrophy (wasting) of the cerebral white matter. B. A brighter than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter. C. The stria terminalis is a slender, compact fiber bundle that connects the amygdala (amygdaloid body) with the hypothalamus and other basal forebrain regions. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is a limbic forebrain structure that receives heavy projections from, among other areas, the basolateral amygdala, and projects in turn to hypothalamic and brainstem target areas that mediate many of the autonomic and behavioral responses to aversive or threatening stimuli. This term refers to an anomaly of the bed nucleus. D. A darker than expected signal on magnetic resonance imaging emanating from the cerebral white matter.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Cerebral white matter atrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012762 1_1_45edzwzw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of signaling'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. C. Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a signaling process.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,negative regulation of signaling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023057 1_1_9u3ceii6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute gonococcal cervicitis'?","A. An eyelid disease that is characterized by dark eyelids. B. An acute cervicitis that is caused by gonorrhea. C. A cervicitis that is characterized by onset within the past 1 - 3 days. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of seizures that are usually refractory to treatment in the first year of life after normal early development and impaired psychomoter development starting around the second year of life that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN1A gene on chromosome 2q24.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute gonococcal cervicitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10615 1_1_iyfhco9l,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'central zone of the leaf lamina'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and is located behind the elongation zone and contains cells that are differentiating into their final form and function. B. Stipule-like appendage(s) at the base of a leaflet (in unifoliolate or simple leaves, found at the top of the petiole). C. Region that includes the widest or majority portion of leaf lamina and that does not include leaf apex and leaf lamina base. D. The apical portion of a phyllome.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,central zone of the leaf lamina,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008020 1_1_2fatyl1a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ankylosing spondylitis 1'?","A. A ankylosing spondylitis that has_material_basis_in variation in the HLA-B27 allele on chromosome 6p21.3. B. A ankylosing spondylitis that has_material_basis_in variation in the HLA-B27 allele on chromosome 9q31-q34. C. An arthritis that results_in inflammation in the joints of the spine and pelvis. The disease has_symptom pain, has_symptom stiffness in the spine, has_symptom stiffness in the neck, has_symptom stiffness in the hips, has_symptom stiffness in the jaw and has_symptom stiffness in the rib cage. D. A ankylosing spondylitis that has_material_basis_in variation in the HLA-B allele on chromosome 2q36.1-q36.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ankylosing spondylitis 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080603 1_1_ki7euc3c,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anatomical containment'?","A. Anatomical location which specifies the relationship between one or more material anatomical entities and anatomical space. B. Anatomical location relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity in type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension in type B such that their bona fide boundaries are spatially proximate, share no parts, and are separated by no physical anatomical entity of the same dimension. C. Anatomical location which specifies the relationship between one or more physical anatomical entities in terms of ... D. Spatial association relationship which describes the containment, adjacency and anatomical coordinates of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical containment, anatomical adjacency, anatomical coordinate.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anatomical containment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50635 1_1_2s77ng89,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ossified tendon'?","A. A small sesamoid bone situated behind a condyle of the femur. B. Lies on the palmar aspect of the coffin joint between the second phalanx and third phalanx. articulates closely with the distal phalanx, to which it is connected by the impar ligament of the navicular bone. The impar ligament is very strong and permits relatively little motion between the navicular bone and the distal phalanx. C. a coffee bean-shaped constant, large and regular bone. The lateral surface of the bone is convex in all directions and non-articular. The medial surface is covered with hyaline cartilage and articulates by means of a synovial joint with the corresponding facet of the cuboid bone. The histological structure and the mode of ossification of the os peroneum are identical to that of other short bones of the skeleton. D. Sesamoid that develops within a tendon, distal to an articulation or joint.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ossified tendon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4000134 1_1_qw5o30ou,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'updraft curtain'?","A. In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. B. Long narrow sheets of warm air rising from a heated surface. C. An effect due to heat sources within a local exhaust enclosure (stack) producing convective air currents with vertical velocities proportional to the rate of heat transferred to the surrounding air and to the height of rise of the heated air. D. Atmospheric convection in which the phase changes of water play an appreciable role. All cumuliform clouds are manifestations of moist convection. The enthalpy exchange between condensing water vapor or freezing liquid water and air (see latent heat) is a major contributor to the positive buoyancy of updrafts, while the reverse exchange between air and evaporating water or melting ice contributes strongly to the negative buoyancy of downdrafts.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,updraft curtain,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/UpdraftCurtain 1_1_d4y6jh75,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer'?","A. A branched glycononaosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the glycononaosyl portion. B. A ten-membered fucosyl oligoglycosylceramide having alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the oligoglycosyl component. C. Any oligoglycosylceramide where the oligoglycoside component is a decasaccharide. D. A glycodecaosylceramide having alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycodecaosyl component.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62270 1_1_aso5xa5k,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. C. A mental capability that is realised in processes of communication involving language or in expressions of language. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044735 1_1_9nki3g77,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhizome'?","A. A plant axis that is part of a shoot system . B. A swollen shoot axis that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below. C. A shoot axis that is part of an inflorescence . D. A shoot axis that extends from the last foliage leaf on a stem or branch until the next distal node.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,rhizome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004542 1_1_ob5ll3lb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior renal segment of right kidney'?","A. Renal segment supplied by the posterior segmental renal artery. B. Renal segment supplied by the posterior segmental branch of right renal artery. C. Renal segment supplied by the posterior segmental branch of left renal artery. D. Hollow tree, the organ parts of which are arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels and its lumen contains either blood or lymph. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), portal venous tree (organ), thoracic duct tree.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior renal segment of right kidney,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma17906 1_1_5pcyp6tf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gambling cage worker'?","A. Operate or monitor railroad track switches or locomotive instruments. May couple or uncouple rolling stock to make up or break up trains. Watch for and relay traffic signals. May inspect couplings, air hoses, journal boxes, and hand brakes. May watch for dragging equipment or obstacles on rights-of-way. B. In a gambling establishment, conduct financial transactions for patrons. Accept patron's credit application and verify credit references to provide check-cashing authorization or to establish house credit accounts. May reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons, or to other workers for resale to patrons. May convert gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon patron's request. May use a cash register or computer to record transaction. C. Inspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, or systems to ensure compliance with regulations and safety standards. D. Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment, including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum drying equipment.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,gambling cage worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43304100 1_1_dcbgcrlr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'broad bean'?","A. A seed of a broad bean plant (Vicia faba). B. A seed of a jack seed plant (Canavalia ensiformis). C. A whole dried bean is a bean resulting from natural or mechanical air drying applied to a bean or bean pod. D. A broad bean food product is a product derived from the broad bean plant.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,broad bean,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03301227 1_1_fi73qivr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of liquid water in soil'?","A. The concentration of phosphate when measured in liquid water. B. The concentration of potassium molecular entity when measured in soil. C. The concentration of carotene when measured in liquid water. D. The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of liquid water in soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09000026 1_1_tav9bfww,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'locus ceruleus'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human APP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A nucleus of brain that is part of a brainstem. C. Nucleus located within the hindbrain. D. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic[GO]. Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the ponto-mesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus pontis[GAID].",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,locus ceruleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002148 1_1_w2y7ar7u,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete SAM'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete SAM,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000374 1_1_h92v9uki,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac arrest'?","A. A disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. It is caused by elevation of low density and very low density lipoproteins. B. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body. C. A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the aortic valve. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta. D. Cessation of heart beat or myocardial contraction. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cardiac arrest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000562 1_1_3t8bxeq7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(E)-4-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-ferulate(2-)'?","A. The conjugate base of genistin 4',6''-disulfate. B. A lignan that consists of (+)-lyoniresinol attached to two beta-D-glucopyranosyl units at positions 4 and 4' via glycosidic linkages. Isolated from Indigofera heterantha, it exhibits inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase. C. Major species at pH 7.3. D. Conjugate base of pyruvic oxime.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(E)-4-O-(beta-D-glucuronosyl)-ferulate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_231331 1_1_wdxdj0ui,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'shallow convection parameter'?","A. Percolation concerns the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. B. The tectonic phenomena is the observable motions of the tectonic plates in the Earth's Lithosphere. [Wikipedia] C. The representation in a numerical model of the turbulent transports of heat and moisture by nonprecipitating cumulus clouds with cloud tops below 3000 m above the surface. D. The eastward flux of mass, momentum, heat, moisture or any other property of a fluid by mean motion or by correlation with the eastward component of motion, that is, eddy flux.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,shallow convection parameter,http://sweetontology.net/propIndex/ShallowConvectionParameter 1_1_ye6xcgnc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary aerosol formation process'?","A. A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. B. A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. C. A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. D. An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,primary aerosol formation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001367 1_1_8gja5mol,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac arrest DP'?","A. Hemorrhagic diseases are caused by bleeding, or they result in bleeding B. high blood pressure after a surgical procedure C. A disorder characterized by cessation of the pumping function of the heart. D. Also called coronary artery disease, describes heart problems caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cardiac arrest DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000230 1_1_gxe48amo,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine oxygen minimum zone'?","A. The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline B. On Earth, the nutrients which are of low concentration in these water masses are typically phosphate, nitrate. and organic matter. The result is low primary productivity in such regions. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. C. The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline D. A marine water mass which is characterized by having much lower than normal dissolved oxygen concentrations persistently.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine oxygen minimum zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000065 1_1_lr1479t6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity'?","A. Enables the transfer of L-tryptophan from one side of a membrane to the other. Tryptophan is 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. B. Enables the transfer of organic cations from one side of a membrane to the other. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge that contain carbon in covalent linkage. C. Enables the transfer of an L-amino acid from the inside of the cell to the outside of the cell across a membrane. D. Enables the transfer of L-asparagine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-asparagine is the L-enantiomer of alpha-aminosuccinamic acid.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-asparagine transmembrane transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015182 1_1_vm5qkeoe,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'stroke'?","A. A sensation perception where there is an unpleasant sensation that usually indicates the body is threatened or damaged. The sensation may be sharp or dull, short-lived or chronic, intermittent or continual, confined to one area or spread over the entire body. B. Stroke is a nervous system symptom characterized by a sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of a blood vessel of the brain. C. A nervous system symptom that involves, is related to, or emphasizes behavior. D. Cognitive symptoms involve problems with concentration and memory and can be just as disabling as the other types of symptoms. The onset of cognitive symptoms is usually realised in the same way as negative symptoms in that they only begin to be noticeable after the dominance of psychotic episodes or positive symptoms have either been controlled with medication or diminished with age.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,stroke,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000734 1_1_y70gara4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'OBSOLETE A2 root initials differentiation stage'?","A. A root that develops from shoot axis tissue. B. OBSOLETE. The root initials differentiate by cell division and cell expansion. C. A primordium that is committed to the development of a floral organ and is part of a reproductive shoot apex . D. An anatomical space that is part of a plant.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,OBSOLETE A2 root initials differentiation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007512 1_1_wofsde4t,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shoot: density of prostrate hairs on internodes'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Shoot: density of prostrate hairs on internodes,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000137 1_1_o2kr6cb0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbohydrate biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,carbohydrate biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016051 1_1_gxrj5aze,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Has_anatomical_coordinate relation'?","A. Adjacent_to relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity in type A and some anatomical plane, line or point. B. Anatomical location relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity in type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension in type B such that their bona fide boundaries are spatially proximate, share no parts, and are separated by no physical anatomical entity of the same dimension. C. Cardiac myocytes that are excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. D. Adjacent_to relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity of type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension in type B such that the proximate bona fide boundaries of the related entities are adjacent for most of their extent.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Has_anatomical_coordinate relation,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50710 1_1_insqnffv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting system of heart each instance of which is the trunk of some conducting system of heart from its origin at the atrioventricular node to the point of division into some right and left bundle branches at the superior end of the muscular part of some interventricular septum. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the anterior papillary muscle of left ventricle and is continuous with the subendocardial branch of the anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which remains in the left stratum of the interventricular septum and is continuous with the subendocardial branch of the septal division of left branch of the atrioventricular bundle. D. Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83331 1_1_m3wmjlzz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'racial self-awareness'?","A. The self-awareness of one's status as white or belonging to a race considered white within a specific socio-political and historical context. B. An awareness of how one's values, aspirations, and identity fit with their environment and impact others. C. LGBTQIA+ cultures in the country of Croatia. D. Self-awareness of one's racial identity and its relationship to themself and their environment.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,racial self-awareness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009018 1_1_nm7my8ht,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'harmful product-use behaviour'?","A. Harmful product-use behaviour where the harm arises from a high level of use. B. Object-using behaviour that involves use of a product. C. Product use behaviour that is harmful. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,harmful product-use behaviour,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001274 1_1_fb092ki6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'arrayMvout'?","A. This package supports the application of diverse quality metrics to AffyBatch instances, summarizing these metrics via PCA, and then performing parametric outlier detection on the PCs to identify aberrant arrays with a fixed Type I error rate B. SAFE is a resampling-based method for testing functional categories is gene expression experiments. SAFE can be applied to 2-sample and multi-class comparisons, or simple linear regressions. Other experimental designs can also be accommodated through user-defined functions. C. The package is used to detect extended, diffuse and compact blemishes on microarray chips. Harshlight automatically marks the areas in a collection of chips (affybatch objects) and a corrected AffyBatch object is returned, in which the defected areas are substituted with NAs or the median of the values of the same probe in the other chips in the collection. The new version handle the substitue value as whole matrix to solve the memory problem. D. Two-stage measurement error model for correlation estimation with smaller bias than the usual sample correlation",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,arrayMvout,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000472 1_1_v44db319,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'heart elastic tissue'?","A. One of a group of muscles used in mastication and swallowing. These muscles are attached to the hyoid bone, which is suspended in the neck and forms the base of the tongue and larynx. The muscles are divided into suprahyoid (superior) or infrahyoid (inferior) groups relative to the bone[WP, generalized]. B. The type of heart connective tissue found in the endocardial layer that consists mainly of elastic fibers. C. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition]. D. The acetabulum is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint. There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of the acetabular labrum, which reduces its opening, and deepens the surface for formation of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[WP,unvetted].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,heart elastic tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003610 1_1_j6cvbbtl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'squonker'?","A. A product that is designed for use as part of an e-cigarette, having an inbuilt reservoir for e-liquid, that is fed to a dripper by either squeezing or pumping the reservoir. B. A product that is manufactured to be part of a cigarette, located at the end that the user puts to the lips, which blocks some smoke particles from entering the mouth during use. C. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and contain e-liquid. D. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,squonker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000296 1_1_lsvux6cy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroid hormones,compounds with a 1, 2, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus that act as hormones.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031946 1_1_p26j3mgh,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrous sheath of finger'?","A. Zone of palmar fascia, each instance of which is strong fibrous, semicylindrical sheaths investing the grooved palmar surface of the proximal or middle phalanx of some finger. B. Extra-embryonic membrane, each instance of which separates some fetal blood from some maternal blood. C. Organ chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac atrium or ventricle. D. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the left kidney and the left ureter.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fibrous sheath of finger,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma42655 1_1_ev0so5y3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf rachis'?","A. A stalk of a vascular leaf . B. A stalk that is the main axis of a pinnate or more highly compound leaf, that bears leaflets or divisions of the axis. C. A stalk that is part of a stamen . D. A leaf rachis that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf rachis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020055 1_1_p4v1g64x,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hepatic lymph node group'?","A. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the inferior margin of pancreas. B. Celiac lymph node group located around the common hepatic artery. C. Intestinal lymph node group around the superior mesenteric artery. D. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the proximal segment of trunk of splenic artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hepatic lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71800 1_1_89c9ufr2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'insurance claims or policy processing clerk'?","A. Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing. B. Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or transportation vehicles. C. Process new insurance policies, modifications to existing policies, and claims forms. Obtain information from policyholders to verify the accuracy and completeness of information on claims forms, applications and related documents, and company records. Update existing policies and company records to reflect changes requested by policyholders and insurance company representatives. D. Use hand-welding, flame-cutting, hand-soldering, or brazing equipment to weld or join metal components or to fill holes, indentations, or seams of fabricated metal products.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,insurance claims or policy processing clerk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43904100 1_1_w1h0dxov,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'biogenous sediment'?","A. Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. B. Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. C. Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. D. Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,biogenous sediment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000082 1_1_i9dz8tf3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'brackish water'?","A. A torrential flow of water-saturated volcanic debris down the slope of a volcano in response to gravity. A type of mudflow. B. A regular pattern of convective cells that can develop in an atmospheric boundary layer heated from below or radiatively cooled from cloud top. This phenomenon is readily observed in satellite imagery during cold air outbreaks when continental air passes over the relatively warm coastal ocean. Cloud lines, marking horizontal roll vortices, form initially in the developing marine atmospheric boundary layer. These lines evolve into open cells, which are defined by clouds in the upward motion along the edges of honeycomb- shaped cells, with less cloudy subsiding air in their centers. The convective structure further evolves into closed cells, which have cloudy centers and cloud-free edges. C. Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. D. A very strong, usually gusty, and occasionally, violent wind that blows down the lee slope of a mountain range, often reaching its peak strength near the foot of the mountains and weakening rapidly father away from the mountains.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,brackish water,http://sweetontology.net/matrWater/BrackishWater 1_1_ei6b6h0k,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'spore encystment'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of metulae over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip. B. The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Hulle cells over time, from their formation to the mature structures. Hulle cells are specialized multinucleate cells that originate from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development and serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium, or fruiting body.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,spore encystment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0075214 1_1_7nwme4f4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hippocampus alveus'?","A. A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). B. Regional part of fornix consisting of a thin layer of white matter on the surface of the hippocampal formation, bordering the wall of the lateral ventricle and composed of white, myelinated fibers. The alveus arises from cell bodies in the subiculum and hippocampus, and eventually merges with the fimbria of the hippocampus. The fimbria goes on to become the fornix (MM: 2006-10-26). C. A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]. D. A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hippocampus alveus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007639 1_1_8rarhldp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant ovule inner integument'?","A. OBSOLETE. The portion of the root that includes small, densely cytoplasmic cells that are dividing and expanding in size. B. A plant ovule integument which is the innermost of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex. C. A plant ovule integument which is the outermost the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex. D. A portion of plant tissue that covers a plant ovule , enveloping a nucellus and forming a micropyle at the apex.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant ovule inner integument,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020022 1_1_1nbw0clq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'childhood teratoma of the ovary'?","A. An ovarian germ cell teratoma that has_material_basis_in a tissue type from one germ cell layer (ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm). B. An ovarian germ cell teratoma that presents in childhood. C. An ovarian germ cell teratoma that is composed of tissues that originate from two or three of the following germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, or mesoderm. D. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia akari, which is transmitted_by house mouse mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus) found on mice and other rodents. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom headache, has_symptom myalgia, and has_symptom papulovesicular rash.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,childhood teratoma of the ovary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6230 1_1_qlhf9a9f,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'mdqc'?","A. Basic infrastructure for using oligonucleotide microarray reporter sequence information for preprocessing and quality assessment. For general work with genomic sequences, this package is inadequate. Please refer to the Biostrings package for that. B. MDQC is a multivariate quality assessment method for microarrays based on quality control (QC) reports. The Mahalanobis distance of an array's quality attributes is used to measure the similarity of the quality of that array against the quality of the other arrays. Then, arrays with unusually high distances can be flagged as potentially low-quality. C. Tools for the analysis of protein interaction data. D. The affy package contains functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The dependance to tkWidgets only concerns few convenience functions. 'affy' is fully functional without it.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,mdqc,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000617 1_1_payzszl3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'immature B cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. B. The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent. C. The process in which transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen. D. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,immature B cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002327 1_1_l4izpn3n,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'sizepower'?","A. Analyze microarray data B. This package functions for performing print-run and array level quality assessment. C. Computes Mantel cluster correlations from a (p x n) numeric data matrix (e.g. microarray gene-expression data) D. This package has been prepared to assist users in computing either a sample size or power value for a microarray experimental study. The user is referred to the cited references for technical background on the methodology underpinning these calculations. This package provides support for five types of sample size and power calculations.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,sizepower,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000698 1_1_ruia7nvg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5,10-dihydro-9-dimethylallylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid'?","A. A member of the class of phenazines that is 5,10-dihydrophenazine substituted at positions 1 and 9 by carboxy and dimethylallyl groups respectively. B. A member of the class of coumarins that is 2H-chromen-2-one substituted by a [(1R,2R,3S,5S)-2-(2-carboxyethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]methoxy group at position 7. It is isolated from the roots of Ferula sinaica. C. An aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of a naphthalene skeleton substituted by one or more carboxy groups. D. A monounsaturated fatty acid aldehyde that is hexadecanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at unspecified position.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"5,10-dihydro-9-dimethylallylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_79183 1_1_u8vt22lw,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes '1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme'?","A. Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. B. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. C. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. D. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch maxillary mesenchyme.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010339 1_1_lsjfhuyb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'complex problem solving'?","A. A skill realized in repairing machines or systems using the needed tools. B. A skill realized in generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs. C. A skill realized in identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. D. A skill realized in actively looking for ways to help people.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,complex problem solving,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000022 1_1_jqbvovu4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cis-pent-3-enoic acid'?","A. A pent-3-enoic acid in cis- configuration. B. An aldehyde in which a formyl group is located on a heteroarene. C. A pentenoic acid having the double bond at position 3. D. A pent-3-enoic acid in trans- configuration.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cis-pent-3-enoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38369 1_1_td8z74fq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'morbid (severe) obesity due to excess calories'?","A. a condition marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. B. A condition marked by an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat. C. an abnormally high, unhealthy amount of body fat D. having more weight than the average human",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,morbid (severe) obesity due to excess calories,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000478 1_1_0pisac57,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling out of control'?","A. A subjective affective feeling of not being in control, not being able to gain agency of one's own behavior. B. A subjective affective feeling of a need for sleep. C. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume food. D. A subjective affective feeling that is negatively valenced.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling out of control,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000116 1_1_06mdwrlw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transverse wave'?","A. Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel. They include waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave. Mechanical longitudinal waves have been also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves B. A transverse wave is a wave that causes vibration in the medium in a perpendicular direction to its own motion. For example: if a wave moves along the x-axis, its disturbances are in the yz-plane. In other words, it causes medium disturbances across the two-dimensional plane that it is travelling in. Contrary to popular belief, transversal waves do not necessarily move up and down. C. A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. D. With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transverse wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/TransverseWave 1_1_e5ckk3er,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'end stage renal DP'?","A. kidneys are moderately or severely damaged and are not working as they should. Stage 4 kidney disease should be taken very seriously – it is the last stage before kidney failure. B. Chronic, irreversible renal failure. C. A disorder characterized by gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function resulting in renal failure. D. A disorder characterized by gradual and usually permanent loss of kidney function resulting in renal failure.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,end stage renal DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000272 1_1_uu7wydh7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'class discovery data transformation'?","A. A feature extraction objective is a data transformation objective where the aim of the data transformation is to generate quantified values from a scanned image. B. The storing of digital information. Often this is done for archiving and retrieval purposes. C. A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery. D. An averaging objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to perform mean calculations on the input of the data transformation.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,class discovery data transformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200175 1_1_bu2ntoff,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal experience'?","A. A in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates. B. A process undertaken by an organisation with the aim of increasing use of a product or service. C. A process that is an individual human behaviour or a population behaviour. D. A process that involves a person and of which the person has some subjective experience of what is occurring, either at the time or later.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,personal experience,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001366 1_1_2j6iihd7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper leg epithelium'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a hard palate [Automatically generated definition]. B. An epithelium that is part of a soft palate [Automatically generated definition]. C. The narrow, proximal portion of the optic vesicle which connects the embryonic eye and forebrain. D. An epithelium that is part of a hindlimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,upper leg epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005225 1_1_1aqievka,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories B. A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a ovarian tumor. C. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. D. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life).",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathologic primary tumor stage for ovary according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002256 1_1_thdq7sbf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lower lip height line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right exocanthion and left exocanthion. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by labiale inferius and sublabiale. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right crista philtri and left crista philtri. D. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by sublabiale and stomion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lower lip height line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284874 1_1_95wynfrg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'heliamine'?","A. An isoquinoline that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. B. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 4a,12a-dihydroxy-4,4,6a,12b-tetramethyl-4a,6,6a,12,12a,12b-hexahydro-4H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3-b]chromene-1,11(5H)-dione substituted by 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 9 (the 4aR,6aR,12aS,12bS steroisomer). Isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium, it acts as a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. C. A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy groups at positions 2 and 6. Its sodium salt is used as a broad spectrum post emergent herbicide for the control of grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds in rice crops. D. A benzoate ester that is methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate bearing a 2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)phenoxy group at position 3. It is isolated from the rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica and has been found to exhibit inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,heliamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5637 1_1_hy5vhwlk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'passage cell'?","A. A ground tissue cell that is part of an exodermis or an endodermis and remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls. B. Cell that constitutes the central part of the root cap, arranged in longitudinal files. C. An elongated plant cell with unevenly thickened non-lignified primary walls that is alive at maturity. D. Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving fusion with the neighboring dividing cells. The events are induced by cyst nematodes (e.g. Heterodera schachtii) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,passage cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000353 1_1_b6a31nbj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental phobia'?","A. A specific phobia that involves a fear caused by the presence or thought of a specific animal that poses little or no danger at all. B. A specific phobia involving some aspect of the environment, such as the fear of heights or the fear of water. C. Any specific phobia involving some negative experience or experiences, such as the fear of the dark or the fear of small confined spaces. D. A phobic disorder that is characterized by an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,environmental phobia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002860 1_1_0gz2lzgm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'large intestine crypt goblet cell'?","A. A goblet cell that is located in the colon. B. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of large intestine. C. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn of large intestine. D. Glandular cell of rectal epithelium. Example: Goblet cell; enterocytes or absorptive cells; enteroendocrine and M cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,large intestine crypt goblet cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000321 1_1_bs432zaz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 11'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by azoospermia or sperm immotility and necrozoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PDHA2 gene on chromosome 4q22.3. B. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of oligozoospermia and in some cases teratozoospermia and/or moderate asthenozoospermia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the KLHL10 gene on chromosome 17q21. C. A spermatogenic failure characterized by nonosbtructive azoospermia or multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella and markedly reduced progressive sperm motility that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the STK33 gene on chromosome 11p15.4. D. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of azoospermia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SYCE1 gene on chromosome 10q26.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 11,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070180 1_1_emjv364n,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'erythroblast'?","A. A progenitor cell that is able to differentiate into the pancreas alpha, beta and delta endocrine cells. This cell type expresses neurogenin-3 and Isl-1. B. Skeletogenic cell that has the potential to form an odontoblast, deposits predentine, and arises from a cranial neural crest cell. C. A nucleated precursor of an erythrocyte that lacks hematopoietic lineage markers. D. A non-terminally differentiated cell that differentiates into a xanthophore.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,erythroblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000765 1_1_1ui5f692,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-D-Manp'?","A. A linear tetrasaccharide in which four mannopyranose residues are joined by alpha-(1->2)-, alpha-(1->2)- and alpha-(1->6)-linkages. B. A mannotetraose in which the four mannose units joined by alpha-(1->6)-linkages. C. A mannotetarose consisting of three alpha-D-mannopyranose residues and a D-mannopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->2), (1->2) and (1->3) glycosidic bonds. D. A tetrasaccharide comprised of four D-mannose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-D-Manp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147245 1_1_4s078rzy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'UNEP-WCMC class 7 mountain'?","A. A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. B. A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. C. An elevation which is formed by pressure at the point of contact between ice floes, resulting in a conglomeration of broken ice. D. An elevated inner basin or plateau surrounded by mountains, but not - itself - a mountain.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,UNEP-WCMC class 7 mountain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001467 1_1_h9zelbn4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower jaw region'?","A. A set of teeth in which each tooth that attaches to a vomer. B. Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO). C. Subdivision of thorax, which in humans is the posterior part of the thorax and is demarcated from the chest by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage and the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column; together with the chest, it constitutes the thorax. D. Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,lower jaw region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001710 1_1_dn49rchq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'inner medullary collecting duct development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. The collecting duct is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the outer medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The outer medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal outer medulla. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner medullary collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inner medullary collecting duct is the portion of the collecting duct that lies in the renal inner medulla. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,inner medullary collecting duct development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072061 1_1_b0j94diy,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of centriole elongation'?","A. Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing. Suppression of recombination at replication forks is necessary to prevent template switching. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole elongation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of astral microtubules.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of centriole elongation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903723 1_1_6f77mz3p,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'human monosomy'?","A. Monosomies observed in humans. B. A chromosomal copy number variation consisting of the absence of one of the copies of the X chromosome (making the person's karyotype 45,X). C. A chromosomal copy number variation consisting of the absence of one of the copies of chromosome 11. D. A chromosomal copy number variation consisting of the absence of one of the copies of chromosome 22.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,human monosomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007071 1_1_lz6l7oaf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'never psychoactive substance user'?","A. A person who has never used a psychoactive drug. B. A person with a clinical status that indicates the person is living with COPD. C. A person who has never smoked tobacco. D. A person whose identity is female, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being female, usually (but not always) reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,never psychoactive substance user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001069 1_1_kha6g3e2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'high altitude periodic breathing'?","A. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. B. A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and hypokalemia. ~ an inability to concentrate urine due to impaired renal tubule response to vasopressin (ADH), which leads to excretion of large amounts of dilute urine. C. stopping breathing for a period of time (apnea) due to high altitude D. A disorder characterized by cessation of breathing for short periods during sleep.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,high altitude periodic breathing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000561 1_1_w9hgy5vc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Neuroinflammation'?","A. A functional abnormality of the immune system. B. inflammation of any blood and/or lymphatic vessel C. An allergy is an immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful. D. Activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge and is characterized by a host of cellular and molecular changes within the brain.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Neuroinflammation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033429 1_1_p82ijzdu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'Brie cheese food product'?","A. A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. B. A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. C. A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. D. A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as ""blind.""",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,Brie cheese food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001028 1_1_olt5fkx2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis'?","A. Any membrane protein proteolysis that is involved in retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol. B. The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain). C. The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains. D. The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006509 1_1_f8ywr2b8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast differentiation. C. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. D. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation. Macrophage derived foam cell differentiation is the process in which a macrophage acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010744 1_1_7jzyznjr,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3,4-dihydroxy-5-prenylcinnamic acid'?","A. A hydroxycinnamic acid that is trans-caffeic acid substituted by a prenyl group at position 5. Isolated from Brazilian propolis, it exhibits antioxidant activity. B. R=hexoside C. Ferulic acid in which the ring hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by a hydroxy group. D. A hydroxycinnamic acid that is trans-caffeic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3,4-dihydroxy-5-prenylcinnamic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65784 1_1_3alpoil2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'traffic accident'?","A. A process in which there is damage to or destruction of something that is valued. B. A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. C. A process in which a vehicle collides with an object, person or vehicle, causing damage. D. A material processing technique performed to locally deliver an agent to a recipient.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,traffic accident,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000520 1_1_y2hvv076,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'myeloblast'?","A. The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration (5:1-7:1), and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. They reside in the bone marrow. B. A precursor in the monocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between the monoblast and monocyte. This cell is CD11b-positive and has fine azurophil granules. C. The median umbilical ligament is a structure in human anatomy. It is a shrivelled piece of tissue that represents the remnant of the embryonic urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus, on the deep surface of the anterior abdominal wall. It is unpaired. It is covered by the median umbilical fold Lateral to this structure are the medial umbilical ligament (which is a different structure, not to be confused) and the lateral umbilical ligament. D. Any duct branching of of the main epididymis duct.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,myeloblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000835 1_1_rh2ky7zt,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'DAT'?","A. A means or instrumentality for storing or communicating musical manifestation. B. Digital Audio Tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network D. Transmission over a network used as medium to broadcast a musical manifestation",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,DAT,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/DAT 1_1_35tcumzu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lingual septum'?","A. Septum of organ which has as its parts the membranous and muscular parts that separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart. B. Septum of organ, each instance of which is the medial vertical fibrous part of some tongue. C. Lobular segment, each instance of which is some smaller subdivision of some lung, separated by some connective tissue septum and supplied by a branch of some lobar bronchus. D. subdivision of neck, each instance of which is demarcated from the front of the neck by the prevertebral fascia; it has as its constitutional part some complete set of cervical vertebral arches (C1-C7); together with the front of the neck, it constitutes the neck. Examples: There is only one back of neck.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lingual septum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54813 1_1_17myn23d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of zygospore formation'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes. B. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase. D. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of zygospore formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0075299 1_1_i56hazpp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'information content entity'?","A. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) B. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. C. An organization that bears a credential grantor role. D. A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,information content entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000030 1_1_73g2bozc,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'DatingSim'?","A. Games that use freely explorable levels -without the limit of invisible walls- which can be completed in different ways and with an emphasis on creative possibilities B. Dating and/or mating simulator C. Job simulation D. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,DatingSim,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#DatingSim 1_1_ls8flc3d,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045618 1_1_2bbos5j1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'explosive strength'?","A. The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated. B. The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects. C. The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position. D. The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,explosive strength,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000068 1_1_oyua2a11,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear'?","A. An ear floret that is the upper of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. B. A small, pistillate flower that is part of a ear spikelet . C. An ear floret that is the lower of the two florets of a pedicellate spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence. D. An ear floret that is one of the two florets placed above the lower floret on a sessile spikelet rachilla of an ear inflorescence.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006353 1_1_6bedmlex,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contract'?","A. A contract bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some natural person or legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent. B. a code outlining the responsibilities of or best practice for an individual or organisation, such as a set of principles of good corporate behaviour adopted by a business\ C. The word decree is often used as a derogative term for any authoritarian decision D. A statute bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Contract,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Contract 1_1_dbdzosck,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Galp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp'?","A. A glycosylmannose consisting of a beta-D-galactopyranose residue and a D-mannopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond. B. A glycosylmannose consisting of alpha-D-mannose having a beta-D-mannosyl residue attached at the 2-position. C. A glycosylmannose that is D-mannopyranose attached to a beta-D-mannopyranosyl group at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage. D. A glycosylmannose consisting of an alpha-D-galactopyranose residue and an alpha-D-mannopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->2) glycosidic bond.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Galp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_154275 1_1_xle90bwi,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lenticular process of incus bone'?","A. Portion of tissue that is part of the eye and gives rise to the mature, fully layered cornea. B. Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. C. The long ventral process of the incus bone which articulates with the stapes. D. A subdivision of skeletal system that subdivision_of a hard palate.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lenticular process of incus bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011599 1_1_oi0oaafg,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'physical examination finding'?","A. A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. B. A representation of an image that supports an inference to an assertion about some quality of a patient. C. A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. D. TODO: Define.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,physical examination finding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000083 1_1_tziceqb4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.05 five nodes or internodes visible stage'?","A. The stage at which five nodes or five internodes are visible. B. The stage at which seven nodes or seven internodes are visible. C. The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible. D. The stage at which the flag leaf is visible.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.05 five nodes or internodes visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007086 1_1_gdbcfunu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'short-term memory'?","A. The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. B. The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). C. The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). D. The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,short-term memory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007614 1_1_wya51qfv,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'spot contract'?","A. financial instrument used for the purposes of currency trading B. written contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability of another entity C. financial instrument and credit agreement evidencing monies owed by the issuer to the holder on terms as specified D. financial instrument that settles for immediate delivery on a specified date",D,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,spot contract,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/SpotContract 1_1_6zac09vj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right chelion'?","A. Chelion at the junction of right lateral sides of upper lip and lower lip. B. Epicardium of free wall of ventricle which is attached to the myocardium of free wall of the left ventricle. C. Anatomical point of face at the junction of upper lip and lower lip. It is the lateral point of labial fissure. D. Chelion at the junction of left lateral sides of upper lip and lower lip.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right chelion,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281721 1_1_syb8u4ig,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette mouthpiece'?","A. An artifact that has a product role. B. A product that includes or contains nicotine. C. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and contain e-liquid. D. A product that is an e-cigarette part and is designed to be placed to the mouth of the user through which to inhale the vapour.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette mouthpiece,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000222 1_1_qqpjaij2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'nickel-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide'?","A. A metalloporphyrin that is sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide in which the four nitrogen atoms are bound to a central nickel atom. B. A metalloporphyrin that is sirohydrochlorin in which the four nitrogen atoms are bound to a central nickel atom. C. A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4. D. A cobalt-corrinoid heptacarboxylic acid that is produced by Salmonella typhimurium.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"nickel-sirohydrochlorin a,c-diamide",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_137696 1_1_ziioeg71,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism'?","A. A feeling of desire that involves anticipated relief from mental or physical discomfort. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044563 1_1_415rf8se,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'wholesale or retail buyer, except farm product'?","A. Buy merchandise or commodities, other than farm products, for resale to consumers at the wholesale or retail level, including both durable and nondurable goods. Analyze past buying trends, sales records, price, and quality of merchandise to determine value and yield. Select, order, and authorize payment for merchandise according to contractual agreements. May conduct meetings with sales personnel and introduce new products. May negotiate contracts. Includes assistant wholesale and retail buyers of nonfarm products. B. Inspect, diagnose, adjust, or repair wind turbines. Perform maintenance on wind turbine equipment including resolving electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic malfunctions. C. Perform dances. May perform on stage, for broadcasting, or for video recording. D. Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"wholesale or retail buyer, except farm product",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13102200 1_1_5z8nof0n,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Heads per branch'?","A. Density of a non-branch section of a stem B. Primary achene length C. On the mature plant, record the number of heads on the branch with the greatest number of heads D. Determination of width of a single “typical” phyllary",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Heads per branch,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000583 1_1_8yzin4oi,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'penis enlargement'?","A. Any technique aimed to increase the size of a human penis. B. Morphological enlargement acquired after birth. C. A prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their membership (or perceived membership) in a certain group. D. The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,penis enlargement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001679 1_1_xit2jcw3,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Angstrom'?","A. The angstrom is a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre. B. The ampere is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units. C. The candela is the SI base unit of luminous intensity, i.e., the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function (a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths). D. The bar (symbol: bar) is a unit of pressure equal to 100 kilopascals, and roughly equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level. It is not an SI or cgs units, but accepted for use with the SI. The bar is widely used in descriptions of pressure because it is only about 1% smaller than ""standard"" atmospheric pressure, and is legally recognized in countries of the European Union. Common derivatives are millibar (meteorology) and decibar (oceanography)",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Angstrom,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Angstrom 1_1_rw8wfm2c,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'spoiled tobacco smoker identity'?","A. A tobacco user who has either only ever smoked cigarettes or who smoked a cigarette as his or her earliest form of tobacco user. B. A tobacco smoker that is also a spoiled identity. C. Consumption of alcohol in a manner that is deemed to cause harm to the individual, others or society. D. A self-identity representing something as having been positively appraised in the past but as currently negatively appraised.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,spoiled tobacco smoker identity,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001171 1_1_5emg1eqb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Escherichia coli metabolite'?","A. Brodmann area 25 (BA25) is an area in the cerebral cortex of the brain and delineated based on its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. It is also called the subgenual area or area subgenualis. It is the 25th 'Brodmann area' defined by Korbinian Brodmann (thus its name). BA25 is located in the cingulate region as a narrow band in the caudal portion of the subcallosal area adjacent to the paraterminal gyrus. The posterior parolfactory sulcus separates the paraterminal gyrus from BA25. Rostrally it is bound by the prefrontal area 11 of Brodmann. B. Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. C. Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium. D. Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,Escherichia coli metabolite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76971 1_1_ihp8ewl0,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'cancer process'?","A. TODO: Define. B. The process in which an allergic disease unfolds. C. The process in which cancer unfolds D. The process in which an autoimmune disease unfolds.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,cancer process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000131 1_1_dlw4n25a,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'spleen B cell corona'?","A. An adventitia that is part of a epididymis. B. The area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes. C. Actinotrichium that is part of the pelvic fin. D. A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,spleen B cell corona,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010421 1_1_c6aiwzrz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'shell'?","A. Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. B. A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. C. Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. D. A rigid covering that envelops an object.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,shell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006612 1_1_r9p7c4xf,"In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'Output'?","A. System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implements Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. B. Any information that is reported from a Procedure. C. A quality of an entity. An aspect of an entity that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity. D. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform.",B,1_1,earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology,Output,http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Output 1_1_gect3tgb,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'music artist'?","A. Single person whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination. B. Distinct intellectual or artistic musical creation. From the FRBR final report: A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work. For example: work #1 J. S. Bach's The art of the fugue C. Group of musicians, or musical ensemble, usually popular or folk, playing parts of or improvising off of a musical arrangement. D. A person or a group of people (or a computer :-) ), whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,music artist,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MusicArtist 1_1_ki3u49nn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryo sac'?","A. A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage that produces only plant egg cells . B. A megagametophyte that is located in a plant ovary ovule . C. A reproductive shoot system development stage that has as primary participant a inflorescence . D. A megagametophyte that has as parts one or more archegonia .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,embryo sac,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025074 1_1_i4m42gu7,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'consciousness of time'?","A. Consciousness of self is the higher order consciousness that reflexively includes the awareness that the organism that is the subject of the conscious experience exists. B. The subjective experience of time as a coherent process inhabited by oneself as an embodied thinking being C. The subjective experience of being an embodied entity. D. The subjective experience of the spatial surroundings one inhabits as an embodied entity.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,consciousness of time,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000072 1_1_uuf5eoss,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'planetary surface level'?","A. A layer in the middle or upper troposphere in widespread precipitation in which ice crystals form in small convective cells and fall to lower altitudes. B. _:756 C. A qusai-horizontal surface spanning all or part of a planet that corresponds to a constant value of some parameter D. The top of the mesosphere and the base of the thermosphere. The mesopause is usually located at heights of 85?95 km, and is the site of the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere. Temperatures as low as 100 K (- 173?C) have been measured at the mesopause by rockets. See atmospheric shell.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,planetary surface level,http://sweetontology.net/realm/PlanetarySurfaceLevel 1_1_rlffrjeg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'acrosomal vesicle'?","A. Primary lysosomal granule readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain. B. A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome. C. Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted. D. A secretory granule that contains cathepsin and gelatinase and is readily exocytosed upon cell activation; found primarily in mature neutrophil cells.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,acrosomal vesicle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001669 1_1_h2ie1bpk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'prolactinoma'?","A. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. B. An Aarskog syndrome characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance. C. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. D. A functioning pituitary adenoma that characterized by excess cortisol a primary cause of Cushing's syndrome.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,prolactinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5394 1_1_1346gpru,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chlororespiration'?","A. A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. B. A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool. C. The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase. D. A process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chlororespiration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010478 1_1_wxc0hxcm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization'?","A. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid droplet fusion.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051494 1_1_ya179cxk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acanthosis nigricans'?","A. a skin condition that causes a dark discoloration in body folds and creases. It typically affects the armpits, groin and neck. B. a decrease in your normal sensations in the skin such as touch or temperature C. A chronic disease of the skin marked by red patches covered with white scales. D. cancerous tumor on skin of lip",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acanthosis nigricans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000603 1_1_cptazw4r,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Isometric'?","A. A Quick-Time-Event is a mechanic that tests the player's reflexes by making them press a specific button at the right time B. Game presents itself mainly as in a text form, typical of text adventures or interactive fiction C. Views that frame a large portion of the playing area using an isometric POV or a ""pseudo 3D"" technique D. Poin Of View: the visualization through which the gaming experience manifest itself in the eyes of the player",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Isometric,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Isometric 1_1_ts3ja9s0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'computer network support specialist'?","A. Research, design, develop, or test robotic applications. B. Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems. C. Analyze, test, troubleshoot, and evaluate existing network systems, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), cloud networks, servers, and other data communications networks. Perform network maintenance to ensure networks operate correctly with minimal interruption. D. Apply theory and principles of environmental engineering to modify, test, and operate equipment and devices used in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental problems, including waste treatment and site remediation, under the direction of engineering staff or scientists. May assist in the development of environmental remediation devices.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,computer network support specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15123100 1_1_0fehckz4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuva'sa'?","A. A Bannock, Lemhi, Northern Shoshone, or Shoshone person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. B. A Bannock or Lemhi person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A term which describes the psychological aspects of premenstrual syndrome, namely tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in persons with seizure disorder. D. A Bannock, Lemhi, or Northern Shoshone person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,tuva'sa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002133 1_1_v3n4puof,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior uveitis'?","A. Inflammation of one or all portions of the uveal tract. B. Inflammation of the uveal tract in which the primary site of inflammation is the anterior chamber. C. A type of anterior uveitis, in which there is Inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body. D. Inflammation of the uveal tract in which inflammation affects the anterior chamber, vitreous, retina or choroid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anterior uveitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012122 1_1_22p40i9n,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes '3 branch formation stage'?","A. Trichome initiation stage that determine numbers of trichome are formed. B. The stage trichome develops branches. C. The stage involved in the directionality of expansion growth. D. A trichome development stage that has as primary participant a leaf trichome.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,3 branch formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007059 1_1_ng9814a5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'predatory marriage'?","A. A marriage of convenience entered into without intending to create a real marital relationship. This is usually for the purpose of gaining an advantage from the marriage. B. The practice of marrying an elderly person exclusively for the purpose of gaining access to their estate upon their death. C. Any steroid based on an androstane skeleton and its derivatives. D. A marriage of convenience between a legal resident of the United States of America and a person who would be ineligible for residency but for being married to the resident. The term derives from the availability of permanent resident documents (""Green cards"") for spouses of legal residents in the United States, where marriage is one of the fastest and surest ways to obtain legal residence.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,predatory marriage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004671 1_1_klknwall,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental science or protection technician, including health'?","A. Manage operations at biomass power generation facilities. Direct work activities at plant, including supervision of operations and maintenance staff. B. Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing. C. Design chemical plant equipment and devise processes for manufacturing chemicals and products, such as gasoline, synthetic rubber, plastics, detergents, cement, paper, and pulp, by applying principles and technology of chemistry, physics, and engineering. D. Lead or manage the development and evaluation of potential wind energy business opportunities, including environmental studies, permitting, and proposals. May also manage construction of projects.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"environmental science or protection technician, including health",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19404200 1_1_jjo1qt00,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'cancer progression stage III'?","A. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends well beyond normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass. B. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to one or more regional draining lymph nodes. C. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to other distant tissues besides lymph nodes. D. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth contained within normal tissue boundaries (e.g. carcinoma in situ).",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,cancer progression stage III,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000138 1_1_fh2ri6pv,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that is part of a shoot system . B. A shoot system vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a flower . C. A leaf meristematic apical cell that is part of the leaf apex of a vascular leaf. D. A shoot system vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in an inflorescence .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005028 1_1_hawag49y,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as sudden'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of how suddenly an event occurred. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event did not occur suddenly. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event occurred suddenly. D. A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as sudden,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000062 1_1_mrm8qi18,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'body proper'?","A. The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. B. An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). C. Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. D. The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,body proper,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013702 1_1_ydux995g,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb'?","A. The orderly movement of glial cells through the telencephalon. B. The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the telencephalon, primarily guided by interactions that do not require cell-cell contact. C. The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration. D. The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022028 1_1_r92ydcje,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'concussion DP'?","A. occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity and loss of height. B. other complications due to implementation of cardiac/vascular devices, implaces, grafts C. A type of permanent damage to muscles and nerves that results from prolonged lack blood flow to those tissues. It is characterized by shortening and stiffening of the muscles. D. A violent jar or shock, or the condition which results from such an injury.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,concussion DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000354 1_1_x58lvto9,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'altocumulus cloud'?","A. A cloud which is formed by condensation events triggered by some anthropogenic processes or the outputs thereof, such as aircraft contrails or emissions from chimneys. B. A cloud which 1) has been shaped into dense, mountain-like forms or one or more tower-like forms with a flattened upper portion, which often spreads out in the shape of an anvil or plume, 2) is composed of water droplets and, especially in its upper portion, ice crystals, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage), but can extend into the middle and high level of the atmosphere. C. An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. D. A cloud which 1) has been shaped into laminae, rounded masses or rolls, 2) is exclusively composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage).",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,altocumulus cloud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001409 1_1_yz74txdz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence bud'?","A. A bud that develops into an inflorescence. B. An axillary bud that develops into an reproductive shoot system . C. A terminal reproductive bud develops into an inflorescence. D. A bud that develops into a flower.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000057 1_1_du0b6qmd,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pool'?","A. A Pool represents a Participant in a Process. It is also acts as a ""swimlane"" and a graphical container for partitioning a set of activities from other Pools, usually in the context of B2B situations. B. A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two participants that are prepared to send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two participants (e.g., business entities or business roles). C. Transaction, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Sub-Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Pool,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#pool 1_1_keinnlwb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fractured proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone. B. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of second metatarsal bone. C. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of second metacarpal bone. D. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of first metatarsal bone.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fractured proximal epiphysis of first metacarpal bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041197 1_1_562d7ylx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'trophectodermal cell proliferation'?","A. The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce haploid spermatids. B. The multiplication or reproduction of germ cells, reproductive cells in multicellular organisms, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. C. The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm. D. Any cell proliferation that is involved in heart valve development.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,trophectodermal cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001834 1_1_do0skq95,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy'?","A. A COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy characterized by normal early development followed by the onset of slowly progressive decline in neurologic function in the first decade of life resulting in gait difficulties, spasticity, dysarthria, hypotonia, and variable intellectual disability that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TACO1 gene on chromosome 17q23.3. B. A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase, myopathy, hepatomegaly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and Leigh syndrome, and is caused by mutations related to oxidative phosphorylation. C. A COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the COA8 gene on chromosome 14q32.33. D. A cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency disease characterized by localization to tissues of the skeletal muscles.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081377 1_1_kwdeuw5k,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'derived data from statistical analysis'?","A. A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population. B. A data item that is derived from a statistical data analysis. C. A data item that is derived from an inferential statistical data analysis. D. A database documenting absence from work",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,derived data from statistical analysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000218 1_1_lp1is6bu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 99'?","A. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness characterized by prelingual, severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss without vestibular dysfunction that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TMEM132E gene on chromosome 17q12. B. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CABP2 gene on chromosome 11q13. C. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the KARS gene on chromosome 16q23. D. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ELMOD3 gene on chromosome 2p11.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 99,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111634 1_1_864gbfk0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf rust notes'?","A. Wheat bacterial leaf blight severity in the plants caused by the agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. symptoms: small (less than 0.04 inches) water-soaked lesions expand and eventually coalesce. initial lesions become necrotic and turn from gray-green to tan-white. Entire leaves may become necrotic, but heads and glumes are typically symptomless. B. Leaf rust (brown rust) incidence/severity/response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia recondita. C. Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. D. Stem rust (black rust) response in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf rust notes,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000687 1_1_u3dt0ixp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endosperm texture'?","A. Main shoot stem cell wall residue content of dry matter B. Main shoot stem dry matter content C. Dry matter content of main shoot and tillers panicles D. Proportion of vitreous endosperm.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Endosperm texture,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000259 1_1_wikj5y3x,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Streptococcal pharyngitis'?","A. the elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens B. Pharyngitis, or acute pharyngitis, is an inflammation of the back of the throat, otherwise known as the pharynx. The condition generally causes pain and a sensation of scratchiness in the region of the throat, as well as difficulty swallowing. The condition is typically referred to as a sore throat. C. Strep throat is caused by infection with a bacterium known as Streptococcus pyogenes, also called group A streptococcus D. Acute pharyngitis is characterized by the rapid onset of sore throat and pharyngeal inflammation (with or without exudate)",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Streptococcal pharyngitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000219 1_1_amtx8o6e,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptide anion'?","A. An organic anion arising from deprotonation of a acyclic tetrapyrrole compound. B. An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid. C. An anion formed by deprotonation of at least one peptide carboxy group. D. A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,peptide anion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60334 1_1_yove77cx,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anatomical space'?","A. Immaterial anatomical entity, each instance of which has three spatial dimensions. Examples: body cavity, thoracic cavity, lesser sac, cavity of right atrium, lumen of aorta, mediastinal space, space of anterior compartment of forearm. B. Anatomical space which contains two or more anatomical structures demarcated by bona fide boundaries and is bounded by the surface of one or more anatomical structures. Examples: orbital cavity, suprasternal space, thoracic cavity, fascial space, hepatic lacuna. C. Immaterial anatomical entity of one less dimension than the anatomical entity it bounds or demarcates from another anatomical entity. Examples: surface of heart, surface of epithelial cell, cervicothoracic plane, supra-orbital notch, costal margin, apex beat, Sylvian point. D. Developmental entity which is a 3-D immaterial anatomical entity created during an organism's gestation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anatomical space,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma5897 1_1_t2pfh4cd,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'bridge ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. B. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. C. An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. D. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,bridge ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000004 1_1_gwzvp01a,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wood axial parenchyma thickness'?","A. Wood axial parenchyma thickness B. Wood radial parenchyma thickness C. Intra-ring variance D. Assessment of the feet quantity on the tree",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Wood axial parenchyma thickness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000140 1_1_giww87mt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hyposegmentation of neutrophil nuclei'?","A. An excessive division of the lobes of the nucleus of a neutrophil. B. The presence of abnormally large granules in neutrophils. This finding can be appreciated on a peripheral blood smear. The finding is characteristic of Chediak Higashi syndrome. The giant granules are derived from azurophil granules, whereas peroxidase-negative granules are not involved in their formation. C. Hyposegmented (hypolobulated) or bilobed neutrophil nuclei. D. The presence of intracellular inclusion bodies (aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins) in neutrophils. Cytoplasmic neutrophil inclusions (oval, basophilic) are also known as Doehle bodies.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hyposegmentation of neutrophil nuclei,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011447 1_1_bbuqvkuj,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thing'?","A. A location in a comic universe. B. A thing in a comic universe. C. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe. D. An object in a comic universe.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Thing,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Thing 1_1_xj06jbu5,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vehicle'?","A. A vehicle in a comic universe. B. An object in a comic universe. C. A building in a comic universe. D. A comic character's costume.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Vehicle,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Vehicle 1_1_ll46xc78,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Biomass DW - Method - At vegetative stage'?","A. SCMR (SPAD (Soil Plant Analytical Development) Chlorophyll Meter Readings). Unitless measurement, averaged over 4 leaflets of the most fully expanded leaf in the main stem. B. Biomass dry weight of plants or sampled area. C. Weight of all pod shells (without seeds) for one plant. D. Weighing total seed (kernel) mass per plot after shelling.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Biomass DW - Method - At vegetative stage,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000130 1_1_7c222478,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'memory'?","A. Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned. B. The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. C. The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). D. The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,memory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 1_1_jdveov4k,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Taverna workflow format'?","A. Format of Taverna workflows. B. Web Ontology Language version 2 in XML Serialization C. XGMML stands for eXtensible Graph Markup and Modelling Language, and it is a XML standard; similar to but preferred over GML. D. The PSI-MI format is an acronym for the Proteomics Standards Initiative - Molecular Interaction format. It provides an XML standard for molecular interactions and is supported by many molecular interaction databases and tools.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Taverna workflow format,http://edamontology.org/format_1665 1_1_own63zl0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'quantsmooth'?","A. interface to redland RDF utilities B. Quantile smoothing and genomic visualization of array data C. This package is designed to provide solutions for quality assessment and to detect differentially expressed genes for the Affymetrix GeneChips, including both 3' -arrays and gene 1.0-ST arrays. D. Tools to integrate, annotate, and link phenotypes to cellular organizational units such as protein complexes and pathways.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,quantsmooth,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000675 1_1_h8z9r10q,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fandom'?","A. Lucky describes an achievement that is awarded to the player in a lucky situation. An example of Lucky achievement would be winning in a lottery or throwing “Yahtzee” without re-rolling the dice. B. HardMode achievement describes succeeding in a game on a high difficulty level. An example could be completing the “Doom” game on Nightmare difficulty level. C. Fandom achievement is related to doing some true fan activities. An example of Fandom could be purchasing a collectors edition of the game or attending a fan gathering. D. SpecialPlayStyle achievement is awarded to players after playing a game in special fashion. Often this is something harder than the regular play and requires more player experience to excel in it. An example of SpecialPlayStyle could be to complete a game without any violence or against a timer.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Fandom,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Fandom 1_1_2ubkkeaw,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 otic fibrocyte'?","A. A fibrocyte of the cochlea that has specialized structural and molecular adaptions. B. An otic fibrocyte that underlies the stria vascularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. C. An otic fibrocyte that underlies the spiral prominence and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph. D. An otic fibrocyte that resides above the stria vasularis and is part of a mesenchymal gap junction network that regulates ionic homeostasis of the endolymph.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,type 2 otic fibrocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002666 1_1_0uwsc8yr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'TSPI Computation'?","A. True Stem Coefficient = True stem DM measured at 7 DAA/whole plant DM at 7 DAA. Individual shoots (for example: 10-20) are harvested seven days after anthesis and the shoots are separated into: spikes, leaf laminas, true stem, leaf sheath. The dry weight of true stem is recorded and the total dry weight calculated. The partitioning index is calculated comparing the weight of each individual part regarding the total weight of the plant. B. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/R550. C. Standard method for spectral reflectance. D. Standard method for peduncle length.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,TSPI Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0001550 1_1_c58dsejd,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lofting'?","A. The phenomenon where the upper part of a smoke plume diffuses more rapidly upward than the bottom part diffuses downward. This generally occurs when the boundary layer near the ground is more stable than it is aloft. Compare coning, fanning, looping. B. Convection that originates from an atmospheric layer above the boundary layer. C. In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. D. Atmospheric convection in which the phase changes of water play an appreciable role. All cumuliform clouds are manifestations of moist convection. The enthalpy exchange between condensing water vapor or freezing liquid water and air (see latent heat) is a major contributor to the positive buoyancy of updrafts, while the reverse exchange between air and evaporating water or melting ice contributes strongly to the negative buoyancy of downdrafts.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lofting,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidTransport/Lofting 1_1_kw4y6j15,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell. B. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043374 1_1_5eknaoij,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'numerical gender system'?","A. A gender system which is arranged around a particular number of genders. B. A system which includes a category (a gender), present in societies which recognize four or more genders, which is neither male nor female; in some societies, the category may contain individuals who are intersex or androgynous, while other societies may categorize transgender people into it. C. A system which includes a category (a gender), present in societies which recognize five or more genders, which is neither male nor female; in some societies, the category may contain individuals who are intersex or androgynous, while other societies may categorize transgender people into it. D. Social structures that establish the number of genders and their associated gender roles in society.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,numerical gender system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012071 1_1_jhi98hff,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mini supercell'?","A. A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. B. Convective storm that contains similar radar characteristics to those of a supercell (e.g., hook echo, WER, BWER), but is significantly smaller in height and width. The diameter of the radar-detected rotation is 1?8 km. This is a relatively new storm type, the existence of which has been confirmed by data from the recently installed WSR?88D radars in the US. Mini-supercells occur in areas where the height of the equilibrium level is low, most often in the northern US, but possibly under certain weather conditions in any area of the world. They are sometimes found in landfalling tropical cyclones. C. A convective storm system usually composed of a cluster of ordinary convective cells at various stages of their life cycle. New cells within the convective system are generated primarily by either low-level convergence along a preexisting boundary, or by lifting at the leading edge of the system-scale cold pool that was produced by the previous cells. A multicell storm may have a lifetime of several hours, and may also have supercells incorporated as a part of the system as well. See also cell, ordinary cell, supercell, thunderstorm. D. A line of active thunderstorms, either continuous or with breaks, including contiguous precipitation areas resulting from the existence of the thunderstorms.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mini supercell,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/MiniSupercell 1_1_xbbnvxkp,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of exocytosis'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of exocytosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045921 1_1_6biq1eew,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Hypergeometric probability'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Hypergeometric probability,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000227 1_1_fcxan04d,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Estimation :Ascorbic Acid_method'?","A. Weigh harvested storage roots per plot at harvest B. Measurement of total carotenoid content in a giving cassava storage root sample using icheck kits or device C. Antioxidant and water soluble vitamin of cassava storage root. D. Measurement of stem diameter taken on the middle of the plant",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Estimation :Ascorbic Acid_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010377 1_1_zuyn84be,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete arthropod appendage segment'?","A. Bilaterally paired medial bar of cartilage formed at midorbit through medial chondrification from triangles of cartilage that later form the junction of the taeniae marginales anterior, taeniae marginales posterior and the epiphyseal bar. B. A concavity in the outer wall of the cochlear duct between the spiral prominence and the spiral organ. C. Uberon now includes a generic appendicular segment class. Note the HAO class for appendage segment has been obsoleted D. Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the caudal subdivision of the body, containing the caudal vertebrae.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,obsolete arthropod appendage segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003207 1_1_skmqbs87,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbon oxoanion'?","A. Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. B. An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. C. A negative ion consisting solely of carbon and oxygen atoms, and therefore having the general formula CxOy(n-) for some integers x, y and n. D. Any organic ion with a net negative charge.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,carbon oxoanion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35604 1_1_rdcnkaov,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'protonemal rhizoid'?","A. OBSOLETE. Aggregation of gamete producing structures. B. A rhizoid that is part of a protonema and develops from a protonemal side branch rhizoid initial. C. A rhizoid that develops from an epidermal rhizoid initial cell . D. A plant structure that is a uniseriate filament with positive geotropism that grows from an epidermis or protonema .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,protonemal rhizoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030079 1_1_kgaetnsd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'psychoanalytic theory'?","A. A theory of intergroup relations that focuses on the maintenance and stability of group-based social hierarchies. According to the theory, group-based inequalities are maintained through three primary intergroup behaviors: institutional discrimination, aggregated individual discrimination, and behavioral asymmetry. The theory proposes that widely shared cultural ideologies (i.e., legitimizing myths) provide the moral and intellectual justification for these intergroup behaviors. B. A theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another. C. Conceptual system developed by Freud and his followers in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior. D. A theory of gender development introduced by Sandra Bem in 1981. It asserts that gender-associated information is predominantly transmuted through society by way of schemata, or networks of information that allow for some information to be more easily assimilated than others.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,psychoanalytic theory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004756 1_1_ddgegogs,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900015 1_1_bpbt4x9a,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'consumption behaviour pattern'?","A. A consumption behaviour pattern in which the behaviour is repeated in a session to an extent that is excessive. B. A consumption behaviour pattern involving use of a substance containing alcohol concurrently with use of a psychoactive substance that has not been legally sanctioned in the jurisdiction in which the user resides. C. An individual human behaviour pattern that involves consumption behaviour. D. A consumption behaviour pattern involving repeated occurrences of binge behaviour sessions.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,consumption behaviour pattern,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050210 1_1_nu94e08j,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles in feet, legs and hands. In some patients the syndrome also causes decreased sensitivity to touch, heat or cold, particularly in the lower arms or legs. B. A syndrome characterized by intractable diarrhea, facial dysmorphism, immune abnormalities, and hair abnormalities in nearly all patients with liver and/or skin abnormalities seen in more than half of cases that has_material_basis_in defects in components of the SKI complex. C. A syndrome characterized by uveal coloboma and variable degrees of orofacial clefting, intellectual disability, and hearing impairment that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in YAP1 on 11q22.1. D. A syndrome that is characterized by developmental delay, often with motor and speech delay, mildly impaired intellectual development (in most patients), learning difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities, including autism spectrum disorder and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KDM6B gene on chromosome 17p13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050526 1_1_fhppk84a,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GridGrinder'?","A. Statistical Analysis with a number of procedures, providing statistical information such as analysis of variance, regression, multivariate analysis, and categorical data analysis. B. RMAExpress is a standalone GUI program for Windows (and Linux) to compute gene expression summary values for Affymetrix Genechip® data using the Robust Multichip Average expression summary and to carry out quality assessment using probe-level metrics. It does not require R nor is it dependent on any component of the BioConductor project. If focuses on processing 3' IVT expression arrays, exon and WT gene arrays. C. Software for microarray image analysis. D. RNA-SeQC is a java program which computes a series of quality control metrics for RNA-seq data. The input can be one or more BAM files. The output consists of HTML reports and tab delimited files of metrics data. This program can be valuable for comparing sequencing quality across different samples or experiments to evaluate different experimental parameters. It can also be run on individual samples as a means of quality control before continuing with downstream analysis.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GridGrinder,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000210 1_1_o99pf215,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Document'?","A. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality. These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the concept “document” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. In general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E31 Document,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E31_Document 1_1_yzpan1gq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'infiltrating angiolipoma'?","A. A lipoma that is a painful subcutaneous nodule, having all other features of a typical lipoma. B. A syndrome characterized by global developmental delay with mildly impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, muscle weakness and fatigue, and abnormalities in brain white matter that has_material_basis in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ABCC9 on chromosome 12p12. C. A steatotic liver disease characterized by at least one of five specified cardiometabolic risk factors and no other discernible cause with normal to no alcohol use. The five cardiometabolic risk factors are: (1) higher than normal body mass index or waist circumference; (2) higher than normal serum glucose or glycated hemoglobin level, or type 2 diabetes; (3) higher than normal blood pressure or hypertensive treatment; (4) higher than normal plasma triglycerides or lipid lowering treatment; and (5) lower than normal plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. D. An angiolipoma that is characterized by prominent vascularity that invades the surrounding deep tissue.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,infiltrating angiolipoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3615 1_1_7kn80gmw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nuchal rigidity'?","A. Reduced ability to lower the chin towards the chest by bending the neck. B. Reduced ability to move the head back towards the ceiling so that one is looking upwards. C. Resistance of the extensor muscles of the neck to being bent forwards (i.e., impaired neck flexion) as a result of muscle spasm of the extensor muscles of the neck. Nuchal rigidity is not a fixed rigidity. Nuchal rigidity has been used as a bedside test for meningism, although its sensitivity for this purpose has been debated. D. A sensation of tightness in the neck when attempting to move it, especially after a period of inactivity. Neck stiffness often involves soreness and difficulty moving the neck, especially when trying to turn the head to the side.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Nuchal rigidity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031179 1_1_7qq267hb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root mean diameter - Measurement'?","A. Record shoot weight in fresh weight basis. B. Record the weight of harvested seed. C. Root mean diameter measured by root scanning and image analysis using WinRhizo Software. D. Follow standard chemical analysis for quality determination on different fraction of the biomass.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root mean diameter - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_345:0000105 1_1_m8sgeiry,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hemiplegia, unspecified'?","A. Paralysis of one side of the body with unspecified cause B. A disorder of the nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control C. a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination. D. A mental disorder in which a person has trouble telling the difference between real and unreal experiences, thinking logically, and behaving normally in social situations.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"hemiplegia, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000412 1_1_6rpb9i9o,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Smooth columnar epithelium'?","A. Simple columnar epithelium without surface specialization. B. Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube. C. Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears microvilli. Examples: epithelium of small intestine, epithelium of gall bladder. D. Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Smooth columnar epithelium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64801 1_1_zcnj5atz,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'reasoned ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. B. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. C. An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. D. An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,reasoned ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000013 1_1_ldgqxqfm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIn'?","A. A congenital disorder of glycosylation type II that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the SLC35A1 gene on chromosome 6q15. B. A congenital disorder of glycosylation type II that is characterized by poor overall growth, severe global developmental delay, seizures, contractures, hypotonia, spasticity, and brain imaging abnormalities and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CAMLG gene on chromosome 5q23. C. A congenital disorder of glycosylation type II that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the TMEM165 gene on chromosome 4q12. D. A congenital disorder of glycosylation type II that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the SLC39A8 gene on chromosome 4q24.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070266 1_1_e2i9job5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.04 four leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at fifteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at sixteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at four nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at twelve nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.04 four leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007115 1_1_79xgb4k8,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root knot nematode resistance - method'?","A. Observe the distribution of the secondary tuber flesh color and rate it B. Observe the tuber resistance to root knot nematode and rate it C. Observe the Root density and rate it D. Farmers observe the plant resistance to Mosaic virus and rate it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root knot nematode resistance - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000139 1_1_8jffnjgu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'White mold disease severity method'?","A. Observe emerging cotyledon color and record it. B. Observe and rate severity of Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic Virus disease. C. Quantification of symptom development, Emergence (V1),Pod filling (R8) D. Observe flower color and record it. It is recommended to observe the color on freshly recently open fowers.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,White mold disease severity method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0000444 1_1_2h0eek8f,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'isocitric acid'?","A. A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group. B. A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent. C. A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is propylphosphonic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer). D. A member of the class of cardenolides that is 7,8-epoxycard-20(22)-enolide substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 14 (the 3beta,5beta,7beta stereoisomer).",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,isocitric acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30887 1_1_80brealz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur as part of seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mucilage biosynthetic process involved in seed coat development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048354 1_1_s7hkd3ap,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. B. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044637 1_1_2svwc02i,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 19'?","A. Any Alzheimer disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the PLD3 gene. B. A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. C. A stage of Alzheimer's disease where symptoms appear such as concern regarding a change in cognition (raised either by the patient himself/herself or by an informant who knows the patient well), impairment in one or more cognitive domains, preservation of independence in functional abilities and other non-demented symptoms. D. Any Alzheimer disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ADAM10 gene.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 19,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0014316 1_1_sp2g2ra1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'invasive pulmonary aspergillosis'?","A. A disorder characterized by bleeding from the nose B. Lung infections with the invasive forms of aspergillus C. The aftereffect of respiratory disease and tuberculosis D. a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,invasive pulmonary aspergillosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000549 1_1_3tk3sau0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbon monoxide'?","A. A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. B. The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. C. Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). D. An aldehyde resulting from the formal oxidation of methanol.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,carbon monoxide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17245 1_1_olj56axg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'millwright'?","A. Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings. B. Repair and open locks, make keys, change locks and safe combinations, and install and repair safes. C. Make and confirm reservations for transportation or lodging, or sell transportation tickets. May check baggage and direct passengers to designated concourse, pier, or track; deliver tickets and contact individuals and groups to inform them of package tours; or provide tourists with travel or transportation information. D. Drive electric, diesel-electric, steam, or gas-turbine-electric locomotives to transport passengers or freight. Interpret train orders, electronic or manual signals, and railroad rules and regulations.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,millwright,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49904400 1_1_rp87yovt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette fire'?","A. A method that results in the separation of two or more components according to some property. B. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives. C. A fire that is caused by malfunction of an e-cigarette or a part of an e-cigarette. D. A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette fire,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000217 1_1_anbcodw6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mouth movement'?","A. The act of displacing part or all of the jaw from its current position. B. The act of displacing part or all of the tongue from its current position. C. A change of place or position of part of an organism that does not involve the entire organism. D. The act of moving any of the tissues and hard structures surrounding the mouth other than teeth, jaws or filter structures.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,mouth movement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007919 1_1_3j1swalz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transitional myocyte'?","A. Specialized cardiac myocyte in the atrium and interventricular septum. B. Specialized cardiac myocyte in the sinuatrial and atrioventricular nodes. C. Cardiac myocytes that are excitable cells in the myocardium, specifically in the conducting system of heart. D. Specialized cardiac myocyte which is in the internodal tract and atrioventricular node.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Transitional myocyte,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67142 1_1_vqqvi1e2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'latissimus dorsi process'?","A. Cell that is part of the notochord. B. A bony process on the dorsal side of the proximal region of the humerus which corresponds to the insertion site of the Latissimus dorsi muscle. C. A metaphysis that is part of a tibia. D. Superficial cervical fascia is a thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue that lies between the dermis of the skin and the deep cervical fascia. It contains the platysma, cutaneous nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels. It also contains a varying amount of fat, which is its distinguishing characteristic.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,latissimus dorsi process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200100 1_1_40e21xi6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'adiponectin (human)'?","A. An adiponectin that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A ceruloplasmin that is encoded in the genome of human. C. An alpha-1,6-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase that is encoded in the genome of human.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,adiponectin (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q15848 1_1_1z0n5m7c,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mefenamic acid'?","A. An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. B. Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. C. A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy. D. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mefenamic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6717 1_1_oox225ad,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'men's movement'?","A. A variety of groups and individuals who focus on general social issues and specific government services which they claim adversely impact, or in some cases structurally discriminate against, men. Common topics debated within the men's rights movement include family law, parenting, reproduction, suicide, domestic violence against men, circumcision, education, conscription, social safety nets, and health policies. B. A series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence, all of which fall under the label of feminism and the feminist movement. The movement's priorities vary among nations and communities, and range from opposition to female genital mutilation in one country, to opposition to the glass ceiling in another. C. A social movement consisting of groups and organizations of men and their allies who focus on gender issues and whose activities range from self-help and support to lobbying and activism. D. A type of movement or political ideology which seeks to increase the acceptability of characteristics of one's gender identity.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,men's movement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002257 1_1_mllw3jv5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'saturation mixing ratio'?","A. A thermodynamic function of state; the value of the mixing ratio of saturated air at the given temperature and pressure. B. A delta is a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary, lake or another river. It builds up sediment outwards into the flat area which the river's flow encounters (as a deltaic deposit) transported by the water and set down as the currents slow. Deltaic deposits of larger, heavily-laden rivers are characterized by the main channel dividing amongst often substantial land masses into multiple streams known as distributaries. These divide and come together again to form a maze of active and inactive channels. C. The amount by which the water vapor in the air must be increased to achieve saturation without changing the environmental temperature and pressure. D. Transport of energy (charge) solely as a consequence of random motions of individual molecules (ions, electrons) not moving together in coherent groups.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,saturation mixing ratio,http://sweetontology.net/propFraction/SaturationMixingRatio 1_1_mk2y07iu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical disgusted voice utterance'?","A. Voice utterances characteristically associated with the experience of disgust. B. Vocal utterances canonically associated with the experience of anger C. Voice utterance characteristically associated with the experience of sadness. D. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical disgusted voice utterance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000186 1_1_ysivasl8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'intertidal zone'?","A. Fine particles of pulverized rock. B. A shore or shoreline is the fringe of land at the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea, or lake. C. A riparian zone is the interface between land and a flowing surface water body. Plant communities along the river margins are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants. Riparian zones are significant in ecology, environmental management, and civil engineering due to their role in soil conservation, their biodiversity, and the influence they have on aquatic ecosystems. Riparian zones occur in many forms including grassland, woodland, wetland or even non-vegetative. In some regions the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone or riparian strip are used to characterize a riparian zone. D. The intertidal zone, also known as the littoral zone, in marine aquatic environments is the area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, for example, the area between tide marks.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,intertidal zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandCoastal/IntertidalZone 1_1_z4yy0fa9,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bondage tape'?","A. A piece of BDSM equipment worn for the purposes of bondage. The harness typically consists of a series of leather straps, attached together in such a way as to allow a person to ""wear"" the item. B. Wide wrist and/or ankle restraints designed for use in bondage situations. They are usually fashioned of leather and padded with soft leather or fake fur. C. Any of various restraints used in the practice of BDSM. D. A strip of thin plastic material (typically latex) that adheres only to itself, without any adhesive; typically intended to be used in erotic bondage.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bondage tape,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005623 1_1_ldkg7fa8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'postsecondary teacher, all other'?","A. Teach vocational courses intended to provide occupational training below the baccalaureate level in subjects such as construction, mechanics/repair, manufacturing, transportation, or cosmetology, primarily to students who have graduated from or left high school. Teaching takes place in public or private schools whose primary business is academic or vocational education. B. Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses in childcare, family relations, finance, nutrition, and related subjects pertaining to home management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. All postsecondary teachers not listed separately.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"postsecondary teacher, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25119900 1_1_2lwjk4nb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of protective service worker, all other'?","A. Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea. B. All protective service supervisors not listed separately above. C. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards. D. Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and employees within the organization.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"first-line supervisor of protective service worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33109900 1_1_x1ef0snu,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY 4.0'?","A. The CC BY 4.0 license is a Creative Commons license. This is a non-copyleft free license that is good for art and entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. People are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. But they must conform to the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. B. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. C. This is the latest version of the LGPL: a free software license, but not a strong copyleft license, because it permits linking with nonfree modules. It is compatible with GPLv3. It is therefore recommend for special circumstances only. Please note that LGPLv3 is not compatible with GPLv2 by itself. However, most software released under GPLv2 allows you to use the terms of later versions of the GPL as well. When this is the case, you can use the code under GPLv3 to make the desired combination. D. The ORCID MIT-style license is identical to the MIT License, except for the addition of the following two clauses: 1. ""The above license does not apply to the branding or the ""look and feel"" of the websites located at the orcid.org URL even if elements thereof are contained in the Software.""; 2. ""Except to provide the copyright notice required above or as allowed under ORCID Inc.'s Trademark Use Policy (available at http://orcid.org, under ""Policies""), you may not use the name of ORCID, Inc., ORCID, its marks and logo, to advertise, promote or suggest any affiliation with or endorsement by ORCID, Inc. in connection with your use of the Software."". The MIT License is is a lax, permissive non-copyleft free software license, compatible with the GNU GPL.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY 4.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000065 1_1_pznwhlza,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Strictly_Allowed'?","A. Something which is both allowed and disallowed through some norm B. Loose end. C. See normatively qualified. Alternative labels: permitted, sanctioned, let, licensed. D. Is allowed by an Obligation, i.e. the alternative is strictly_worse according to the Obligation. Alternative labels: directed, commanded.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Strictly_Allowed,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Strictly_Allowed 1_1_vz5yg09p,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal tarsal bone 4 cartilage'?","A. A distal tarsal bone 4 endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. B. A distal tarsal bone 4 endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. A distal tarsal bone 2 endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. D. Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 4.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,distal tarsal bone 4 cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015112 1_1_ip7hofye,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inion'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull where the coronal and lambdoid suture lines intersect. B. Midline anatomical point of skull at the intersection of right and left superior nuchal lines. C. Midline anatomical point of skull where the sagittal suture line intersects the line between parietal foraminas. D. Midline anatomical point of skull which is located at intersection of frontal bone and nasal bones.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inion,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76624 1_1_s536xs9s,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyclic compound'?","A. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. B. Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. C. A molecule that features two fused rings. D. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33595 1_1_7twyylmp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'fasciculus of spinal cord'?","A. Any longitudinally extending condensed cluster of neurons and processes that runs along the dorsal mid-line of the animal that is not the most prominent nerve cord. B. A fascicle that is part of a spinal cord. C. Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the olfactory nerve; olfactory bulb; olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, anterior perforated substance, and olfactory cortex. The term rhinencephalon is restricted to structures in the CNS receiving fibers from the olfactory bulb. D. Corticopontine fibers, commonly referred to as corticobulbar fibers, are projections from the cerebral cortex to the pontine nuclei. Depending upon the lobe of origin, they can be classified as frontopontine fibers, parietopontine fibers, temporopontine fibers and occipitopontine fibers. They are motor fibers that stretch from the precentral gyrus (motor strip) to the nuclei of cranial nerves V (trigenimal), VII (facial) and XII (hypoglossal). These fibers run alongside the corticospinal fibers.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,fasciculus of spinal cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005837 1_1_ntn2v3aw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Distance of internal discolouration in pseudostem of tallest sucker caused by Fusarium wilt'?","A. Measure the distance from the collar, or from the pseudostem base at the ground if the collar is not visible, to under the neck of the curved peduncle, using a measuring pole or sliding ruler. B. Measurement under microscope C. Visual observation D. For the tallest sucker, the complete corm should be removed from the soil, the roots cut off and excess soil removed. Cross-sections of the corm should be cut (using a guillotine or other suitable device) to obtain five slices of equal thickness. The upper surface of each cut section should be examined and visually evaluate the extent of the vascular discolouration.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Distance of internal discolouration in pseudostem of tallest sucker caused by Fusarium wilt,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000594 1_1_t34dsdp2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lobule of pinna'?","A. A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. B. The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus. C. The upper ventral region of the torso of an organism. D. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,lobule of pinna,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001847 1_1_eeazlp2f,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of synovial tendon sheath of ring finger'?","A. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains some pterygoid plexus. B. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of one or more organ part types which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, internal nose, soft palate, wall of gut, periorbita. C. Wall of synovial tendon sheath of ring finger D. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is connected to some optic nerve. Examples: There are only two eyeballs, the right and the left eyeballs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of synovial tendon sheath of ring finger,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma231687 1_1_gifrk3of,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'bract morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed. B. The developmental process by which a plant organ is generated and organized. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support. D. The process in which the anatomical structure of a bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,bract morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010433 1_1_0k6epf5c,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinal cord'?","A. Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. B. Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified]. C. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. D. Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,spinal cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002240 1_1_7upclx6p,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine thermocline'?","A. A nutricline which is part of a marine water body. B. A cline which is part of a lake and across which temperature changes rapidly with depth. C. A thermocline which is part of a marine water body. D. A marine thermocline which is present below the marine wind mixed layer.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine thermocline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000075 1_1_9z81txt7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cryoconite deposit'?","A. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. B. Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. C. Particulate environmental material which 1) is primarily composed of a fine, granular material such as sand, silt, or clay suspended in and saturated by water and 2) readily liquefies when weight is applied, losing strength and permitting objects to sink until their weight and buoyancy offset the weight of the displaced quicksand. D. Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cryoconite deposit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000038 1_1_0z1mmjau,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across the plasma membrane. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion export across the plasma membrane. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transport. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion import across the plasma membrane.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of sodium ion import across plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903784 1_1_3srn3lqn,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'snow'?","A. An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. B. Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. C. A polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET). D. Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,snow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000406 1_1_bg112dgo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'colorectal adenoma'?","A. An intestinal benign neoplasm located_in the rectum. B. An intestinal benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue with glandular origin and is located_in the large intestine. C. A gastrointestinal system benign neoplasm that is located_in the intestine. D. An intestinal benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue of glandular origin and is located_in colon and located_in rectum.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,colorectal adenoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050860 1_1_zn0vold4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002857 1_1_loqjpuzn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete affyQCReport'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete affyQCReport,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000457 1_1_vfvboi4k,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem node'?","A. A shoot axis node that is part of an inflorescence axis . B. A shoot axis node that is part of a stem . C. A shoot axis node that is part of a branch . D. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020141 1_1_f25v0j26,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute kidney failure with tubular necrosis DP'?","A. kidney is no longer able to filter blood. B. A disorder characterized by the acute loss of renal function C. Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of epithelial cells of the kidney tubules. D. kidney(s)'s functions are compromised. This will be a short term problem",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute kidney failure with tubular necrosis DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000265 1_1_ctg7qm77,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'candidal paronychia'?","A. A candidiasis that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by recurrent or persistent superficial fungal infections located_in skin, located_in mucous membrane, or located_in nail due to T-cell defects, has-agent Candida species and has_symptom scaling of skin lesions, has_symptom thickening of nails, has_symptom swollen periungal tissue, and has_symptom scarring of the scalp. B. An opportunistic mycosis that involves fungal infection of the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs, heart and brain by Candida species, of which Candida albicans is the most common. Systemic Candida infections are usually confined to severely immunocompromised persons. C. A candidiasis that results_in fungal infection of the outer-most layer located_in nail, has_material_basis_in Candida species. The infection causes painful, red, swollen area around the nail, often at the cuticle or at the site of a hangnail or other injury. D. A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the mucous membrane of the mouth by Candida species, which is characterized by thick white or cream-colored deposits on inflamed mucosal membranes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,candidal paronychia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14512 1_1_jultd0ob,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia of the right hemidiaphragm'?","A. Congenital absence of the right-sided diaphragm. B. A posterolateral defect in the diaphragm, commonly referred to as a Bochdalek hernia, which is often accompanied by herniation of the stomach, intestines, liver, and/or spleen into the chest cavity. C. The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth. D. An anterior retrosternal or parasternal hernia that can result in the herniation of liver or intestines into the chest cavity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia of the right hemidiaphragm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032592 1_1_zp8ubdrq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes '203692'?","A. A phylum of gram-negative bacteria that are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagella which run lengthwise between the cell membrane and outer membrane. B. Any of various riding crops not for use on the horse, but that instead have a ""hook"" at the end to use in opening and shutting gates without dismounting, as well as a long leather thong to keep the hounds from coming near the horse's legs, and possibly getting kicked. C. A class of organisms in the phylum Spirochaetes. D. An order of organisms in the class Spirochaetia.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,203692,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/203692 1_1_qa72nazk,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'probable Alzheimer dementia'?","A. A type of dementia which which the person meets the core clinical creteria for probable Alzheimer dementia. B. A type of Alzheimer dementia whic meets core clinical criteria for possible Alzheimer dementia C. A disease of which the patient at this stage suffer from memory loss, impaired ability to think, or making decisions that interferes with doing everyday activities. D. the part of the execution of an intervention design study which is varied between two or more subjects in the study",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,probable Alzheimer dementia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000059 1_1_c9buuldj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'C5-indocyanine'?","A. The cationic form of a C5 cyanine dye having 1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylindoleinine units at each end. B. A C5 cyanine dye having 1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylindoleinine units at each end. C. An organic iodide salt consisting of pyridinium iodide having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 4-dimethylaminostyryl substituent at the 4-position. D. A C3 cyanine dye having 3-ethyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-yl units at each end.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,C5-indocyanine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51898 1_1_u7145d4r,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'right renal pelvis'?","A. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. B. Cluster of cells comprising a portion of tissue which gives rise to new mesonephric nephrons. The cluster contains self-renewing stem cells. C. A renal pelvis that is part of a right ureter. D. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hand [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,right renal pelvis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018116 1_1_7zqn270n,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'microsporophyll'?","A. A leaf-like organ on which one or more sporangia are borne. B. Sterile stamen. C. A microsporophyll bearing one or more microsporangia. D. A structure on which one or more microsporangia are borne; in flowering plants, the stamen.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,microsporophyll,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009028 1_1_xnso5dbq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'preural 2 vertebra'?","A. Vertebra anterior to preural centrum 1; sometimes termed the 'antepenultimate' vertebra. Mabee and Bird, 2001. B. Composite layer of the superior colliculus lying deep to the stratum opticum, that can be further subdivided into fiber and cell rich layers (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 2nd ed., 1981, pg 544). C. Caudal vertebra that is one of the last caudal vertebrae anterior to the ural vertebrae that with its neural and haemal spines supports the procurrent caudal fin rays or lepidotrichia. The numbering of preural vertebrae is from caudal to rostral direction. D. Last caudal vertebra identified as the point at which the caudal vessels bifurcate, leaving the protection of the haemal arches of the caudal vertebrae and running laterally to the hypurals. This vertebra bears, commonly, a well-developed haemal arch and its spine (parhypural).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,preural 2 vertebra,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000586 1_1_cws820ge,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0014713 1_1_ktznbnf2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis withdrawal syndrome'?","A. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of consumption of an opioid drug. B. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption. C. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of nicotine consumption. D. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of cannabis consumption.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis withdrawal syndrome,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001384 1_1_d49k86rt,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sulfonamide'?","A. A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group. B. A member of the class of isoxazoles that is isoxazole which is substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by phenyl, p-sulfamoylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor, it used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of arthritis from 2001 until 2005, when it was withdrawn following concerns of an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke. C. An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2. D. An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sulfonamide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35358 1_1_jz2l7que,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant organ margin'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a plant organ and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. B. A cardinal organ part that is the part of a plant axis where a radicle joins a hypocotyl . C. A cardinal organ part that is the part of a plant ovule on the opposite side from a raphe . D. A cup- or tube-shaped cardinal organ part, bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant organ margin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025005 1_1_tu5agc5v,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete affyImGUI'?","A. AL 2.10.2019: Incorrectly-formatted IRI. See also https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/16 B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete affyImGUI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000454 1_1_4nxr0l3g,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other respiratory manisfestations'?","A. infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. B. A highly contagious, common viral infection of the respiratory passages causing fever and severe aching C. decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the patient's blood stream D. A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other respiratory manisfestations,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000170 1_1_f2e8uxdu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'living room'?","A. A room which is used for patient care during a patient's visit or stay in a healthcare facility. B. A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. C. A room in which emergency medical care is provided. D. An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,living room,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000423 1_1_sxsk4rq5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'drink driving legislation'?","A. A policy that is applied by a public body. B. A public policy that aims to improve the health of a population. C. A public policy that involves legislation to reduce the incidence of vehicle driving with alcohol in the body. D. A public policy that regulates e-cigarettes, their marketing or their use.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,drink driving legislation,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000477 1_1_8k8cw5da,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube'?","A. A muscle layer that is part of a uterine tube infundibulum. B. An individual reproductive unit containing a single oocyte and one or several layers of support cells (Armstrong et al., 2020). C. The ejaculatory duct epithelium is composed of cuboidal to columnar cells between or through which project the terminal parts of the ducts of the unicellular prostate glands. D. The stroma of the ovary is a peculiar soft tissue, abundantly supplied with blood vessels, consisting for the most part of spindle-shaped cells with a small amount of ordinary connective tissue. These cells have been regarded by some anatomists as unstriped muscle cells, which, indeed, they most resemble; by others as connective-tissue cells. On the surface of the organ this tissue is much condensed, and forms a layer composed of short connective-tissue fibers, with fusiform cells between them. The stroma of the ovary may contain interstitial cells resembling those of the testis.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,muscle layer of infundibulum of uterine tube,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007182 1_1_ozr9nk6o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'gluteal sulcus'?","A. The junction between the ureter and the renal pelvis of the kidney. B. The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. C. A horizontal crease formed by the inferior aspect of the buttocks and the posterior upper leg. D. Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus[FMA].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,gluteal sulcus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0036014 1_1_3vz0ned1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'exocarp'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis . B. A portion of plant tissue that covers a plant ovule , enveloping a nucellus and forming a micropyle at the apex. C. A portion of plant tissue that is the outer layer of a pericarp . D. A portion of plant tissue that is the morphologically distinct portion of the nucellus overlying the vascular strands in the grass caryopsis.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,exocarp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009085 1_1_dnfxe1gu,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'aldos-2-ulose dehydratase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate = 2-oxopent-4-enoate + H2O. B. Catalysis of the reactions: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one + H2O; (1a) 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose = 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose + H2O and (1b) 1,5-anhydro-4-deoxy-D-glycero-hex-3-en-2-ulose = 2-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one. C. Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 14betaH-scalarane-17alpha-19-diol = all-trans-geranylfarnesol + H2O.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,aldos-2-ulose dehydratase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033991 1_1_7nhlygbb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'whole plant'?","A. A plant of the species that belongs to the Nicotiana genus of herbaceous plants. B. A whole plant that belongs to a species of the genus Cannabaceae. C. An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. D. A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,whole plant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000003 1_1_2p5l6a0m,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrocarbon'?","A. An organic fundamental parent is a structure used as a basis for substitutive names in organic nomenclature, containing, in addition to one or more hydrogen atoms, a single atom of an element, a number of atoms (alike or different) linked together to form an unbranched chain, a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system, or a ring assembly or ring/chain system. B. A compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen only. C. A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. D. A tobacco use behaviour that involves setting light to a combustible tobacco product and ingesting the tobacco smoke that is produced.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,hydrocarbon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24632 1_1_u5902hs5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'overshooting top'?","A. A low-level, horizontal, tube-shaped arcus cloud associated with a gust front of a convective storm or occasionally a cold front. B. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. C. Mountain clouds produced by orographic lifting of moist air to saturation. D. A domelike protrusion above a cumulonimbus anvil, representing the intrusion of an updraft through its equilibrium level.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,overshooting top,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/OvershootingTop 1_1_mq5vm89t,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spikelet pedicel'?","A. This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate tassel spikelet. B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a ninth order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a fourth order inflorescence axis . D. Inflorescence branch that terminates in a spikelet.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spikelet pedicel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006319 1_1_krw6jzum,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'internal phloem'?","A. A portion of primary phloem tissue that has as parts companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements and that develops after the protophloem . B. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from the procambium . C. A portion of primary phloem tissue has as parts the first-formed sieve elements at a particular location and does not have companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements. D. A portion of primary phloem tissue positioned internal to the primary xylem.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,internal phloem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006216 1_1_nah5n9lk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'palatal tooth'?","A. A secretory epithelial cell of the respiratory and terminal bronchioles. B. A tooth that is on the vomer. C. A calcareous tooth that is part of the upper jaw region. In mammals, the upper jaw teeth are attached to the maxilla. D. A tooth that is on the roof of the mouth.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,palatal tooth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012070 1_1_8emwnrap,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'long-chain fatty acyl-CoA'?","A. A fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any long-chain (C13 to C22) fatty acid. B. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoic acid. C. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (9Z)-heptadecenoic acid. D. A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (3R,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-3-hydroxydocosatetraenoic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,long-chain fatty acyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33184 1_1_dz3ky0ba,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'keratinization'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. B. The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. D. The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,keratinization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031424 1_1_enze8wcc,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'transcription'?","A. Transcription event B. A membership event, where one or several people belongs to a group during a particular time period. C. A composition event. Takes as agent the composer himself. It produces a MusicalWork, or a MusicalExpression (when the initial ""product"" is a score, for example), or both... D. An arrangement event. Takes as agent the arranger, and produces a score (informational object, not the actually published score).",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,transcription,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Transcription 1_1_urhb0uip,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'barium dust'?","A. Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. B. Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles. C. Dust which is composed primarily of slicon dioxide. D. Dust which is primarily composed of slate particles.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,barium dust,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001284 1_1_jeh5hsrb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute bronchitis due to rhinovirus'?","A. acute infection that affects the lower respiratory tract. B. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. C. contagious viral infection caused by rhinovirus that causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes D. lower respiratoy tract infection that causes reversible bronchia inflammation",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute bronchitis due to rhinovirus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000502 1_1_mqk07djd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'architecture teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Develop and apply biostatistical theory and methods to the study of life sciences. B. Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and landscape architecture. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications. D. Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical techniques, or new applications for existing systems.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"architecture teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25103100 1_1_j24zqz3v,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration'?","A. The attachment of one ameboid cell to another that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of one of the cells. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell apoptotic process. C. The attachment of mesendodermal cells to each other that contributes to the establishment of cell polarity that is part of the directed movement of the cells of the mesendoderm. D. The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cell-cell adhesion involved in mesendodermal cell migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003370 1_1_kemspy8t,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'B220-low CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell'?","A. A B220-low CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-low, CD38-positive, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative. B. A B220-positive CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-positive, CD38-positive, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. D. The directed movement of amino acids from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,B220-low CD38-positive unswitched memory B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002116 1_1_7vmlkh0f,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein (human)'?","A. A CD209 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. B. An NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A complement receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P26715 1_1_a6ryk8sc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneticsDesign'?","A. The affycomp package contains functions that can be used to compare expression measures for Affymetrix Oligonucleotide Arrays. B. betr is a software package which implements the BETR (Bayesian Estimation of Temporal Regulation) algorithm to identify differentially expressed genes in microarray time-course data. C. This package contains functions useful for designing genetics studies, including power and sample-size calculations. D. This package detects outliers using quantile regression on the M-A scatterplots of high-throughput data.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneticsDesign,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000202 1_1_nt05swwm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Poorly ossified vertebrae'?","A. Decreased ossification of the cervical vertebral bodies, i.e., of the Cervical vertebrae set. B. A lack of bone mineralization of one or more body of cervical vertebra. C. A lack of bone mineralization of the vertebral bodies. D. Decreased ossification of the vertebral bodies.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Poorly ossified vertebrae,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100856 1_1_qudlol8e,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Romania'?","A. A country in western Africa, east of Mauritania and south of Algeria. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960. B. A country in southern Asia, occupying an island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India. C. A country consisting of two thousand cays and seven hundred islands that form an archipelago. It is located in the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida and the United States, north of Cuba, the island of Hispanola and the Caribbean, and northwest of the British overseas territory of the Turks and Caicos Islands. It is divided into 32 districts, plus New Providence, whose affairs are handled directly by the central government. D. A country in southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Romania,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00002951 1_1_1jw2jeow,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'weaver'?","A. Routines for parsing Affymetrix data files based upon file format information. Primary focus is on accessing the CEL and CDF file formats. B. genArise is an easy to use tool for dual color microarray data. Its GUI-Tk based environment let any non-experienced user performs a basic, but not simple, data analysis just following a wizard. In addition it provides some tools for the developer. C. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read GeneTraffic specific data from a project summary zip file and covert them to BioConductor objects (for 1 color projects affy's ExpressionSet, for 2 color projects marray's marrayRaw) D. This package provides enhancements on the Sweave() function in the base package. In particular a facility for caching code chunk results is included.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,weaver,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000726 1_1_qly79fod,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'collective leaf structure'?","A. A collective phyllome structure composed of two or more leaves . B. A collective phyllome structure composed of two or more involucral bracts at the base of a cluster of flowers, as found in Asteraceae or Compositae. C. A collective phyllome structure that is composed of one or more petals , comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs and surrounds the androecium and the gynoecium . D. A collective phyllome structure composed all of the stamens in a flower .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,collective leaf structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025022 1_1_sg06qogj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral root elongation zone'?","A. A portion of ground tissue directly internal to an anther wall endothecium that develops from an anther wall secondary parietal cell layer . B. A root elongation zone that is part of a lateral root tip. C. A root elongation zone that is part of a primary root tip . D. A plant axis elongation zone that is part of a root tip and located proximal to a root apical meristem .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lateral root elongation zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025256 1_1_5omro0lj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-vinylnaphthalene'?","A. A carboxyalkyl phosphate that is mevalonic acid phosphorylated at positions 3 and 5. B. A vinylarene that is naphthalene substituted by a vinyl group at unspecified position. A ""closed class"". C. A vinylnaphthalene carrying a vinyl group at position 2. D. A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-vinylnaphthalene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51325 1_1_htkrswv3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'antheridium'?","A. A plant organ that produces one or more gametes and participates in the gametophyte development stage . B. A multicellular plant gametangium that develops from an archegonium initial cell and has as parts a venter and an archegonium neck . C. A multicellular plant gametangium that produces antheridium sperm cells and has as parts an antheridium jacket layer and an antheridium stalk . D. A root cap that is part of a lateral root tip.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,antheridium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025125 1_1_34qgw30y,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Costume'?","A. A building in a comic universe. B. A vehicle in a comic universe. C. An object in a comic universe. D. A comic character's costume.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Costume,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Costume 1_1_w1g83l43,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Motor delay'?","A. A type of motor delay characterized by a delay in acquiring the ability to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, and crawling. B. A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age. C. A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills. D. The Premie-Neuro and the Dubowitz Neurological Examination score head lag in the same manner. Scoring for both is as follows: 0 = head drops and stays back, 1 = tries to lift head but drops it back, 2 = able to lift head slightly, 3 = lifts head in line with body, and 4 = head in front of body. This term applies if head lag persists beyond an expected age at a level of 0 or 1. Persistent head lag beyond age 4 mo has been linked to poor outcomes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Motor delay,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001270 1_1_h0z7ir0v,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fosinopril'?","A. The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. B. A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. C. A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. D. A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fosinopril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5163 1_1_58db2p8r,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'adverse life event'?","A. Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. B. A quality of a drug that is the amount of a desired effect of the drug for a given dose and a given mode of administration. C. A process that involves a person and of which the person has some subjective experience of what is occurring, either at the time or later. D. A personal experience that causes significant lasting harm to the person experiencing it.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,adverse life event,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001029 1_1_xl7cu180,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuber axillary shoot'?","A. Shoot system in which all or most of the internodes elongate. B. An axillary shoot that develops from a tuber axillary bud. C. A shoot-borne shoot system that develops from an axillary bud . D. An axillary shoot that develops from an aerial tuber axillary bud.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tuber axillary shoot,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025003 1_1_mkjw9cmw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'vas deferens epithelium'?","A. One of the columns of erectile tissue forming the dorsum and sides of the penis. B. The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the clitoris during clitoral erection. This is homologous to the corpus cavernosum penis in the male; the body of the clitoris contains erectile tissue in a pair of corpora cavernosa (literally 'cave-like bodies'), with a recognisably similar structure. C. An epithelium that is part of a vas deferens [Automatically generated definition]. D. The region of the opening of the uterine cervix into the uterine cavity.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,vas deferens epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004806 1_1_g07xnaxi,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'monoclonal gammopathy'?","A. genetic anomaly that causes high cholesterol levels B. having more weight than the average human C. The prescense of diabetic ketoacidosis (body produces high levels of ketones and not enough insulin) in type 1 diabetic patients D. A benign condition in which there is a higher-than-normal level of a protein called m protein in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,monoclonal gammopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000002 1_1_xzo7g80v,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'epiphysis of phalanx of manus'?","A. An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. B. A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]. C. A proximal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition]. D. An epiphysis that is part of a proximal phalanx of manus.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,epiphysis of phalanx of manus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004387 1_1_nfd8a311,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone 14 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical septal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 13 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. B. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid inferoseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 7 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal anterior, anteroseptal and inferoseptal row of zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the mid zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. D. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 14 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone 14 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86513 1_1_953innkp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruit SWD viable eggs per fruit'?","A. Susceptibility to phomopsis twig blight B. Susceptibility to algal stem blotch C. SWD viable eggs per fruit D. Susceptibility to brown marmorated stinkbug",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruit SWD viable eggs per fruit,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000277 1_1_ype8waxt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'study blinding procedure'?","A. Research activity about addiction. B. A research activity whose purpose is to assign a number to an attribute of an object or event or to classify the object or event according to that attribute. C. A research activity that forms part of a research study that aims to influence an outcome. D. A research activity that aims to ensure that study participants in an interventional research study have as little information as possible about which of two or more interventions they are to experience.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,study blinding procedure,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001300 1_1_p3bfed9p,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'libretto'?","A. The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, etc., or any combination of such forms. For example: Work #1 Franz Schubert's Trout quintet * Expression #1 the composer's score * Expression #2 sound issued from the performance by the Amadeus Quartet and Hephzibah Menuhin on piano * Expression #3 sound issued from the performance by the Cleveland Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma on the cello * . . . . The Music Ontology defines the following sub-concepts of a MusicalExpression, which should be used instead of MusicalExpression itself: Score (the result of an arrangement), Sound (produced during a performance), Signal. However, it is possible to stick to FRBR and bypass the worflow mechanism this ontology defines by using the core FRBR properties on such objects. But it is often better to use events to interconnect such expressions (allowing to go deeply into the production process - `this performer was playing this particular instrument at that particular time'). B. Libretto C. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a sound. Realisation of a MusicalWork during a musical Performance. D. A musical expression representing a group of signals, for example a set of masters resulting from a whole recording/mastering session.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,libretto,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Libretto 1_1_y0wx1sf9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'LMGene'?","A. LMGene package for analysis of microarray data using a linear model and glog data transformation in the R statistical package B. PCOT2 is a permutation-based method for investigating changes in the activity of multi-gene networks. It utilizes inter-gene correlation information to detect significant alterations in gene network activities. Currently it can be applied to two-sample comparisons. C. tools for working with ontologies and graphs D. Tools for meta-analysis in the presence of hierarchical (and/or sampling) dependence, including with gene expression studies",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,LMGene,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000254 1_1_tsu880fr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant shape'?","A. Storage Root Peduncle B. Position in which leaf lobes are held C. Shape of plant D. Plant architecture",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant shape,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000433 1_1_6l91yoyq,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'tasting'?","A. Smelling (olfactory perception) is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject B. Hearing (auditory perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving sound waves from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by detectors in the ear, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject C. Taste perception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the tongue and nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject D. Proprioception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process specialized internal sensory cells in, for example, skin, muscles and joints, and b) by which their location and state of motion and/or balance are represented to the organism, and c) which is experienced by the subject as being so caused",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,tasting,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000054 1_1_fqk1uhtg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hotel, motel, or resort desk clerk'?","A. Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. B. File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested. C. Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and help ensure quality of facilities and service. D. Accommodate hotel, motel, and resort patrons by registering and assigning rooms to guests, issuing room keys or cards, transmitting and receiving messages, keeping records of occupied rooms and guests' accounts, making and confirming reservations, and presenting statements to and collecting payments from departing guests.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"hotel, motel, or resort desk clerk",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43408100 1_1_g94y8s2u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lateral malleolus'?","A. Zone of fibula, each instance of which is a process on the lateral side of the distal end of some fibula. B. Developmental entity which is a 3-D immaterial anatomical entity created during an organism's gestation. C. Ligament of vertebral column, each instance of which is fibrous band attached to the ventral surfaces of the bodies of some vertebrae; it extends from some occipital bone and the anterior tubercle of some atlas down to some sacrum. D. Organ segment which is regional part of prostate. Examples: central glandular part of prostate, fibromuscular part of prostate.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lateral malleolus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma35502 1_1_1v50fp16,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'zonal element'?","A. A rod-like entity that functions in support of fin folds and fins. B. Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. C. All those parts of the pectoral girdle in the central region of the zonal area. D. Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,zonal element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000936 1_1_qscw7a39,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Narrow palpebral fissure'?","A. An abnormal size of the palpebral fissures for example unusually long or short palpebral fissures. B. Reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids. C. Distance between medial and lateral canthi is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, apparently increased length of the palpebral fissures. D. A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Narrow palpebral fissure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0045025 1_1_pqp1wu44,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rate control'?","A. The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene. B. The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions. C. The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs. D. The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,rate control,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000093 1_1_pca3zpck,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panicle axis observation'?","A. Examine the colour of the apiculus of immature lemmas against a colour chart or colour-accurate photographs of references B. Observe the attitude of the main axis of the panicle C. Estimate the position of the tip of the penultimate leaf blade relative to its base D. Estimate presence/absence of knees after flowering in conditions where culms have fallen flat due to receding water flow.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Panicle axis observation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000422 1_1_piywaa0y,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biotype'?","A. A set of organisms sharing a specified genotype or karyotype. B. The full set of chromosomes presented as a systematized array of metaphase chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single cell nucleus arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the centromere. C. Material anatomical entity which consists of a maximum number of some instances of discontinuous members of the same class. D. A set of medical signs and symptoms that are correlated with each other and, often, with a particular disease or disorder.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,biotype,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011884 1_1_nx6vr759,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pattiwala'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun-dried flaked tobacco mixed with or without lime. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings (spices, essential oils, extracts), sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pattiwala,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000994 1_1_87zboeet,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Variation'?","A. Modification of the interpretation of normative content by the author or some superior actor B. Modification by paraphrasing C. A modification that changes the meaning of some provision without changing its literal text D. Modification of the term specified by some procedural deadline.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Variation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Variation 1_1_fmnmpr9c,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'flux'?","A. When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more B. The climate of a natural region of small extent, for example, valley, forest, plantation, and park. Because of subtle differences in elevation and exposure, the climate may not be representative of the general climate of the region. C. Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands. D. The rate of flow of some quantity, often used in reference to the flow of some form of energy.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,flux,http://sweetontology.net/propQuantity/Flux 1_1_th1sn6bz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone mineralization involved in bone maturation'?","A. A cell derived from the mesoderm that is located between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral plate. B. The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion import across plasma membrane. D. The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bone mineralization involved in bone maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035630 1_1_55o17jd0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac Purkinje fiber'?","A. A portion of cardiac muscle tissue that is part of a papillary muscle [Automatically generated definition]. B. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat[GO]. C. The cardiac Purkinje fiber is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. D. The part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of heart muscle contraction. It relays electrical signals to the AV node[GO]. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract[FMA].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardiac Purkinje fiber,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002354 1_1_h5xu63ne,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.11 eleven leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at eleven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at six nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.11 eleven leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007116 1_1_2ezn12q8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglial cell mediated cytotoxicity. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity. D. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed killing of a target cell by a neutrophil.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045953 1_1_h4o7kakl,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'multi-organism reproductive behavior'?","A. A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring. B. The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species. C. Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. D. The process of forcing a substance into another organism, either by penetrating the skin of the other organism or by applying the substance externally to a sensitive tissue such as those that surround the eyes.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,multi-organism reproductive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044705 1_1_mdjxc3nr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'telecommunications equipment installer or repairer, except line installer'?","A. Install, set up, rearrange, or remove switching, distribution, routing, and dialing equipment used in central offices or headends. Service or repair telephone, cable television, Internet, and other communications equipment on customers' property. May install communications equipment or communications wiring in buildings. B. Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. C. Manage wind field operations, including personnel, maintenance activities, financial activities, and planning. D. Assist patrons at hotel, apartment, or office building with personal services. May take messages; arrange or give advice on transportation, business services, or entertainment; or monitor guest requests for housekeeping and maintenance.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"telecommunications equipment installer or repairer, except line installer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49202200 1_1_njn94nzf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe'?","A. The proximal interphalangeal joint of the 4th toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. B. The distal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. C. The joint between the fifth metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively. D. The proximal interphalangeal joint of the fifth toe cannot be straightened actively or passively.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the 5th toe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100351 1_1_py8n3pw6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'gust'?","A. 1. A sudden, brief increase in the speed of the wind. It is of a more transient character than a squall and is followed by a lull or slackening in the wind speed. Generally, winds are least gusty over large water surfaces and most gusty over rough land and near high buildings. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 s. 2. With respect to aircraft turbulence, a sharp change in wind speed relative to the aircraft; a sudden increase in airspeed due to fluctuations in the airflow, resulting in increased structural stresses upon the aircraft. 3. (Rare.) Same as cloudburst. B. A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges. C. In the Northern Hemisphere, a wind that rotates in a clockwise direction with increasing height; the opposite of backing wind. D. When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,gust,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/Gust 1_1_oovrts8i,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling'?","A. The process that mediates signaling interactions between a Purkinje myocyte and a ventricular cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. B. The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels and contributes to the process of cardiac conduction. C. The process that mediates signaling interactions between an AV node cardiomyocyte and a bundle of His cardiac muscle cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. D. Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a Purkinje myocyte to a ventricular cardiac muscle cell.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Purkinje myocyte to ventricular cardiac muscle cell communication by electrical coupling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0086055 1_1_gtq3l3cr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission'?","A. The pathway leading to secretion of a neurotransmitter from the presynapse as part of synaptic transmission. B. The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. C. The neurological system process driven by motile cilia on ependymal cells of the brain by which cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the sites of secretion to the sites of absorption. In ventricular cavities, the flow is unidirectional and rostrocaudal, in subarachnoid spaces, the flow is multi-directional. D. Echolocation is the method used by some animals (e.g. bats, dolphins and some whales) to determine the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it. These animals emit sound waves and listen for the echo, calculating the distance to the object from the time lapse between sound emission and the echo returning.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,presynaptic process involved in chemical synaptic transmission,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099531 1_1_3jhxzhip,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bronchitis'?","A. An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections. B. A circumscribed area of pus or necrotic debris in lung parenchyma, which leads to a cavity, and after formation of bronchopulmonary fistula, can manifest as an air-fluid level inside the cavity. C. Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the bronchi from the primary bronchi to the tertiary bronchi. D. Inflammation of the large airways of the lung with rapid onset and short course usually associated with cough, mucus production, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bronchitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012387 1_1_av7oofw6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - zeaxanthine fresh weight'?","A. Measure the Barium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it B. Measure the zeaxanthine concentration is determined by a spectrophotometric method using an standar curve of L-ascorbic acid and record it C. Measure the Leaf chlorophyll content index using FieldScout-reader and record it D. Measure the Leaflet area and record it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - zeaxanthine fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000545 1_1_pklr3koo,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mishri'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into soft pellets. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants (caffeine, ginseng), taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of toasted tobacco in a powdered form.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mishri,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000987 1_1_4u0iari2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger'?","A. Absent first metacarpal (long bone) of the hand. B. Absence of the distal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. C. Absence of the proximal phalanx of the little (5th) finger. D. Absence of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009225 1_1_sxbc73ws,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (human)'?","A. A natural killer cell receptor 2B4 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A protein that is encoded in the genome of Homo sapiens. C. A C-C chemokine receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A cadherin-5 that is encoded in the genome of human.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P41597 1_1_anftosjq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual Rating:Apical Pubescence_method'?","A. Visual scoring of the root cyanide content estimated using the sodium picrate test. This test consist is applying sodium picrate on the tuberous root and observing the reacting colour B. Visual rating of the young leaves pubescence C. The trait is scored at four to six months after planting as severity of cassava bacterial blight symptoms caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihotis and rated on a scale from 1 (= no symptom) to 5 (= extremely severe) D. Number of rotten storage root relative to the storage root harvested in a plot estimated in percentage (%)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual Rating:Apical Pubescence_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010338 1_1_ei9v097g,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'm. oblique externus'?","A. A muscular sheet in which the fibers run in right angles to those of the m. oblique externus, slanting downward anteriorly. This is one of three sheets composing the flank musculature. B. Originates on the posterior margin of the suprascapula and the epaxial fascia and inserts ventrally on the lateral fascia of the M. rectus abdominus and the ilial shaft. C. Hypaxial muscle in which contraction elevates the ypsiloid cartilage; originates from the anterior edge of the lateral process of the ypsiloid cartilage and insert on the anteriorly adjacent inscription. D. Musculature that is derived from the hypaxial myotome region, trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. Hypaxial muscles include some vertebral muscles, the diaphragm, the abdominal muscles, and all limb muscles.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,m. oblique externus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010783 1_1_kt2aidhr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cheek pouch'?","A. A pocketlike fold of skin in the cheeks of various animals, such as squirrels, gophers, and monkeys, that functions as a means of carrying food. B. A zone of skin that is part of a cheek. C. may be lined with fur D. Lined with oral epithelium",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cheek pouch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008802 1_1_mbrldl8n,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Assertion'?","A. An assertion that is inconsistent with the beliefs of the speaker. It is *intentionally* false. B. A promise is a communicated attitude about some future action or state C. A communictated attitude is a propositional attitude involved in an act of communication. D. The assertion is subject to a fit between words and world, in Searle's terms. It's propositional content can be true of false. If it is inconsistent with other assertions, beliefs, observations, it may come to be considered false.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Assertion,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Assertion 1_1_0xz6hqv4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor activity'?","A. Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord. B. Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an endopeptidase. C. Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds. D. Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidyl-dipeptidase. Peptidyl-dipeptidase activity catalyzes the release of C-terminal dipeptides from a polypeptide chain.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060422 1_1_afpluyd9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytochrome-c oxidase activity. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of synaptic vesicle lumen acidification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901546 1_1_y32bv5tj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'shikimate'?","A. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic (homogentisic) acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. B. A cyclohexenecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of shikimic acid. C. An organosulfonate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the sulfo and carboxy groups of 3-sulfolactic acid. D. Conjugate base of L-threonic acid.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,shikimate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36208 1_1_6e1mnqlr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'return stroke'?","A. Weakly luminous upward propagating discharges, blue in color, emanating from the tops of thunderstorms. B. The process by which negative charge centers at successively more distant locations in a thundercloud are tapped for discharge by successive strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning. C. Lightning is a transient, high-current electric discharge with pathlengths measured in kilometers. The most common source of lightning is the electric charge separated in ordinary thunderstorm clouds. D. The intense luminosity that propagates upward from earth to cloud base in the last phase of each lightning stroke of a cloud-to-ground discharge.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,return stroke,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoLightning/ReturnStroke 1_1_na1jrfix,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Clustal Omega'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. Clustal Omega provides improved scalability over previous Clustal versions, allowing hundreds of thousands of sequences to be aligned in a few hours. It will also make use of multiple processors, where present. In addition, the quality of alignments is superior to previous versions, as measured by a range of popular benchmarks. C. Quantile smoothing and genomic visualization of array data D. Multiple alignment program for nucleic acid or protein sequences.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Clustal Omega,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000052 1_1_c95p25hr,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypervalinemia'?","A. Applied to a sign, symptom, or other manifestation that occurs multiple times at usually irregular intervals. The occurrences are separated by an interval in which the sign, symptom, or manifestation is not present. B. Any deviation from the normal circulation of valine in the blood circulation. C. A decreased amount of valine in the blood. D. An increased concentration of valine in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypervalinemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010910 1_1_ioxaw77n,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Container'?","A. A group of comic characters. B. A box that contains comic books. C. An object containing comic books. D. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Container,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Container 1_1_7ezjbn2g,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tracheoesophageal fold'?","A. The precursor of the urethra. B. One of two longitudinal ridges that develop caudal to the pharynx and fuses to give rise to the tracheoesophageal septum. C. A multilayer of deep cells of fairly uniform thickness that forms during early epiboly (at dome stage; upon conversion of the blastodisc to the blastoderm); during gastrulation the DEL (deep cell layer) gives rise to the epiblast and hypoblast. Kimmel et al, 1995. D. An otic sensory epithelium that will develop into the mature macula.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tracheoesophageal fold,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0036069 1_1_x6ymefch,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metapodium bone 5'?","A. A metacarpal bone that distally_connected_to a proximal phalanx of manual digit 5. B. A bone of the metapodial skeleton. C. A metapodium bone that is part of a digit 5 plus metapodial segment. D. An element formed from the fusion of metapodium 3 and metapodium 4 (i.e. either metatarsals 3 and 4 or metacarpals 3 and 4).",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metapodium bone 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013585 1_1_shazc6rw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5-chloromuconolactone(1-)'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of hydantoin-5-propionic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 5-chloromuconolactone, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. The monocarboxylic acid anion formed by loss of a proton from the carboxy group of L-rhamnosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid; principal microspecies at pH 7.3. D. A beta-D-glucosiduronate resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of 4-methylumbelliferone beta-D-glucuronide. The major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,5-chloromuconolactone(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133250 1_1_0vrf92zg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'dendritic cell of appendix'?","A. A dendritic cell with the phenotype HLA-DRA-positive. B. A dendritic cell that is located in a vermiform appendix. C. A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. These cells are lineage negative (CD3-negative, CD19-negative, CD34-negative, and CD56-negative). D. Any dendritic cell that is part of a liver.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,dendritic cell of appendix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009034 1_1_e5vwxef9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'entertainment attendant or related worker, all other'?","A. Provide personal items to patrons or customers in locker rooms, dressing rooms, or coatrooms. B. All entertainment attendants and related workers not listed separately. C. Select, fit, and take care of costumes for cast members, and aid entertainers. May assist with multiple costume changes during performances. D. Perform a variety of attending duties at amusement or recreation facility. May schedule use of recreation facilities, maintain and provide equipment to participants of sporting events or recreational pursuits, or operate amusement concessions and rides.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"entertainment attendant or related worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39309900 1_1_5jtxhrr5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thrips resistence - Method'?","A. Leaf shape assessment. B. Flower standard petal color assessment. C. Thrips resistence scored on a 1-6 scale D. Severity of TSWV assessed by visual determination of symptoms and estimation of the degree of stunting (reduction in plant height, width, or both) for symptomatic plants.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Thrips resistence - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000787 1_1_llxdeodc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other mineral fibers'?","A. Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors B. A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system C. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs D. A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pneumoconiosis due to asbestos and other mineral fibers,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000194 1_1_pv78pvcc,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Entity'?","A. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes B. Entity, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Participant, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Inclusive Gateway D. Parallel Gateway",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Entity,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#entity 1_1_y52hw8b2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'learning strategies'?","A. A skill realized in obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work. B. A skill realized in adjusting actions in relation to others' actions. C. A skill realized in installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. D. A skill realized in selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,learning strategies,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000030 1_1_5ivoc47g,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'composition of soil'?","A. A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. B. The composition of some soil. C. A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being encrusted or impregnated with calcium carbonate (CHEBI:3311). D. A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,composition of soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09200008 1_1_a6t3ofli,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'cross validation objective'?","A. A Graphical User Interface for the limma Microarray package B. This package fits Rossell's generalizations of the Gamma-Gamma hierarchical model for microarray data analysis, which substantially improve the quality of the fit at a low computational cost. The model can be fit via empirical Bayes (Expectation-Maximization and Simulated Annealing) and fully Bayesian techniques (Gibbs and Metropolis-Hastings posterior sampling). C. A cross validation objective is a data transformation objective in which the aim is to partition a sample of data into subsets such that the analysis is initially performed on a single subset, while the other subset(s) are retained for subsequent use in confirming and validating the initial analysis. D. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,cross validation objective,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200188 1_1_puh2fbtq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'DNDC'?","A. Digital Record Object Identification B. The C++ version of the command line BLAST+ tool made by the NCBI. (See also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1763) C. Soil Chemistry Model D. The initial interface is via the command line. Depending on the options and inputs provided at the command line, an appropriate alignment takes place and is then presented to the user via a Graphical User Interface.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,DNDC,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000083 1_1_eqmp2367,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinal dura mater'?","A. Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections. B. A dura mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]. C. An arachnoid mater that is part of a spinal cord [Automatically generated definition]. D. The fibrous membrane forming the outer of the three coverings that surrounds the brain within the cranial cavity; consists of two layers including the periosteal layer and the meningeal layer.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,spinal dura mater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002093 1_1_wbyhsc0m,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal arthrogryposis type 1C'?","A. A distal arthrogryposis type 1 characterized by congenital contractures, scoliosis, and short stature that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or homozygous mutation in the MYLPF gene on chromosome 16p11.2. B. A distal arthrogryposis type 1 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MYBPC1 gene on chromosome 12q23.2. C. A distal arthrogryposis type 1 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TPM2 gene on chromosome 9p13.3. D. A distal arthrogryposis characterized by autosomal domiant inheritance of contractures of the distal regions of the hands and feet with no facial involvement or other anomalies.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,distal arthrogryposis type 1C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112190 1_1_gs2swoyd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'vacuole fusion, non-autophagic'?","A. Merging of two or more vacuoles, or of vacuoles and vesicles within a cell to form a single larger vacuole. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte extravasation. C. The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole. D. The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"vacuole fusion, non-autophagic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042144 1_1_31489lh1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Microsoft Windows'?","A. Mac OS is software which is used as the operating system for the Macintosh personal computer created by Apple Inc. B. Platform restricted is a platform clause which places restrictions on which platform the licensed resource may be installed on. C. An operating system is a piece of software which is responsible for managing software that runs on a computer and the interactions of that software with the hardware and system resources. D. The Windows Operating System",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Microsoft Windows,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000072 1_1_zmf55qsq,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Veteran'?","A. Veteran achievement is an award that is given for accumulating a lot of play hours or game actions. For example, Veteran could be playing thousand hours of World of Tanks or making 100 goals in ice hockey game. B. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Lucky describes an achievement that is awarded to the player in a lucky situation. An example of Lucky achievement would be winning in a lottery or throwing “Yahtzee” without re-rolling the dice.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Veteran,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Veteran 1_1_jetau88e,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'activity'?","A. A membership event, where one or several people belongs to a group during a particular time period. B. A composition event. Takes as agent the composer himself. It produces a MusicalWork, or a MusicalExpression (when the initial ""product"" is a score, for example), or both... C. An activity period, defining when an artist was musically active. D. A release event, in a particular place (e.g. a country) at a particular time. Other factors of this event might include cover art, liner notes, box, etc. or a release grouping all these.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,activity,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Activity 1_1_1hxuf7rn,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Single'?","A. The events of the game are seen framed alongside the playable character B. Individual developer C. Collective of developers D. Developer of the game",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Single,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Single 1_1_pf6w6duk,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nasal height line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right crista philtri and left crista philtri. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by labiale inferius and stomion. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right tragion and left tragion. D. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by nasion and subnasale.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Nasal height line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284850 1_1_79xe74tm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cytoplasm protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degron) pathway. In the DesCEND pathway, C-terminal residues (C-end degrons) in substrates are recognized by Cul2-RING and Cul4-RING E3 ligases, whereupon the substrates are linked to ubiquitin and then delivered to the proteasome for degradation. C-end degrons can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm, which are either targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation or protected by chaperones to shield thermosensitive proteins from degradation until conditions allow disaggregation and refolding. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cytoplasm protein quality control by the ubiquitin-proteasome system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071629 1_1_1sr73z6i,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subdivision type'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:ResourceTypeTable B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:MediaTypeTable. C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:SubdivisionTypeTable D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:LegalValueTable",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Subdivision type,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#SubdivisionType 1_1_vvc89fsl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory system'?","A. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. B. Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. C. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. D. Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,respiratory system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001004 1_1_m93gw2xa,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Connecting object'?","A. Exclusive Gateway B. A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two participants that are prepared to send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two participants (e.g., business entities or business roles). C. Flow objects are the main graphical elements to define the behavior of a Business Process. There are three Flow Objects: Events, Activities and Gateways D. There are three ways of connecting the Flow Objects to each other or other information. There are three Connecting Objects: Sequence Flow, Message Flow, and Association",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Connecting object,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#connecting_object 1_1_t9kf3fb1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Distal superior mesenteric lymph node group'?","A. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the trunk of portal vein. B. Superior mesenteric lymph node group which is located in a region between the midpoint of the distance between root of superior mesenteric artery and origin of middle colic artery and the trunk of middel colic artery. C. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the trunk of hepatic artery proper. D. Intestinal lymph node group located around trunk opf celiac artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Distal superior mesenteric lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277422 1_1_mruwr4ab,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'edged weapon'?","A. Any weapon used in direct hand-to-hand combat; by contrast with ranged weapons which act at a distance. B. Weapons such as swords, axes, fighting knives and daggers. These weapons are designed to cause cutting, dismemberment and exsanguination injuries, and are most effective against minimally armoured opponents. These are used to cut, hack, slash, thrust or stab. C. A knife with a very sharp point and usually two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a thrusting or stabbing weapon. D. A bladed melee weapon intended for cutting or thrusting that is longer than a knife or dagger, consisting of a long blade attached to a hilt. The precise definition of the term varies with the historical epoch or the geographic region under consideration. The blade can be straight or curved.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,edged weapon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008144 1_1_urhcmare,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'freezing rain'?","A. Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. B. Water-based rain which is composed of supercooled water droplets, which freeze on contact with surfaces. C. Water-based rain which has increased acidity. D. An anthropogenic geographic feature which consists of land immediately adjacent to a building or a group of buildings.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,freezing rain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400010 1_1_8ftouxb5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: NADP+ + scytalone = NADPH + H+ + 1,3,6,8-naphthalenetetrol. B. Catalysis of the reaction:11-cis-retinol-[retinal-binding-protein] + NAD+ = 11-cis-retinal-[retinol-binding-protein] + NADH. C. Catalysis of the reaction: a long-chain alcohol + 2 NAD+ + H2O = a long-chain carboxylate + 2 NADH. D. Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol + NAD+ = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + NADH.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047795 1_1_f7hv4hva,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. B. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. C. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. D. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044536 1_1_7sav9zg1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'XCL1 production'?","A. The appearance of any member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of cytokines due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Transforming growth factor-beta family members include TGF-B1, TGF-B2, and TGF-B3. B. The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. C. The appearance of XCL1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. D. The appearance of interleukin-30 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,XCL1 production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140779 1_1_8wj07h2o,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostaglandin F1alpha alcohol'?","A. A member of the class of prostaglandins Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha in which the carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding primary alcohol. B. A prostaglandin A derivative that is prostaglandin A1 in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 20 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. C. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 6H-6,12-epoxydibenzo[b,f]oxocin-11(12H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 7 and 8, a hydroxymethyl group position 1, methyl groups at positions 6 and 12 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 9. It is isolated as a racemate from Unidentified fungi (New mexico) and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. D. An octahydronaphthalene that is stemphyloxin I in which the C=C bond of the enol moiety has been reduced to a C-C bond.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,prostaglandin F1alpha alcohol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133875 1_1_ukk7zju8,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'industrial wastewater'?","A. Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, B. Wastewater which is produced by industrial activity and which contains chemical contaminants other than those associated with urine and fecal matter. C. An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. D. Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,industrial wastewater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000964 1_1_gdol1jqa,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'work'?","A. A form of energy arising from the motion of a system against a force, existing only in the process of energy conversion. B. Infrequently, any energy propagated by a physical quantity governed by a wave equation. C. The energy required to extract water from a porous medium to overcome the capillary and adsorptive forces. D. The energy needed to lift an air parcel vertically and pseudoadiabatically from its originating level to its level of free convection (LFC).",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,work,http://sweetontology.net/propEnergy/Work 1_1_ihxfe9dx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'arcuate artery cell'?","A. Any kidney arterial blood vessel cell that is part of some renal cortex artery. B. Any kidney cortex artery cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. C. Any smooth muscle cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery. D. Any endothelial cell that is part of some kidney arcuate artery.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,arcuate artery cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1001135 1_1_cfihlrdd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anatomical entity'?","A. a population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area B. A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine when it carries out a molecular function. There are two ways in which the gene ontology describes locations of gene products: (1) relative to cellular structures (e.g., cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane) or compartments (e.g., mitochondrion), and (2) the stable macromolecular complexes of which they are parts (e.g., the ribosome). C. A gene is a material entity that represents the entire DNA sequence required for synthesis of a functional protein or RNA molecule. D. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,anatomical entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001062 1_1_30rgjkxf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'B-1b B cell'?","A. A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-negative, but having other phenotypic attributes of a B-1 B cell. B. A B cell of distinct lineage and surface marker expression. B-1 B cells are thought to be the primary source of natural IgM immunoglobulin, that is, IgM produced in large quantities without prior antigenic stimulation and generally reactive against various microorganisms, as well as the source of T-independent IgA immunoglobulin in the mucosal areas. These cells are CD43-positive. C. A pyramidal neuron with a soma found in the hippocampus. D. A B-1 B cell that has the phenotype CD5-positive.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,B-1b B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000821 1_1_g74ibk98,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'wildfire'?","A. An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. B. A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild. C. A fire which occurs on land, typically consuming a terrestrial ecosystem as fuel. D. A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,wildfire,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000787 1_1_9jvrlrz8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'catechin'?","A. A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. B. Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives. C. A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. D. A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl group.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,catechin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23053 1_1_reyk85t7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'transfer companion cell'?","A. A cell with wall ingrowths (or invaginations) that increase the surface of the plasmalemma. B. A companion cell that lacks cell wall invaginations and has few or no plasmodesmata connecting it to adjacent mesophyll cells. C. A companion cell that is a transfer cell with many cell wall invaginations. D. A parenchyma cell that is adjacent to a sieve tube element and arises from the same phloem mother cell as the sieve tube element.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,transfer companion cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025458 1_1_f77azwox,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sales manager'?","A. Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records. B. Perform laboratory and field tests to monitor the environment and investigate sources of pollution, including those that affect health, under the direction of an environmental scientist, engineer, or other specialist. May collect samples of gases, soil, water, and other materials for testing. C. Direct or coordinate production, purchasing, warehousing, distribution, or financial forecasting services or activities to limit costs and improve accuracy, customer service, or safety. Examine existing procedures or opportunities for streamlining activities to meet product distribution needs. Direct the movement, storage, or processing of inventory. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,sales manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11202200 1_1_qamuzfzq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'daMA'?","A. Package manipulating nucleotidic sequences (Embl, Fasta, GenBank) B. This package contains functions for the efficient design of factorial two-colour microarray experiments and for the statistical analysis of factorial microarray data. C. This package provides S4 data structures and basic functions to deal with flow cytometry data. D. Functions to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,daMA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000514 1_1_w7cbqg9j,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'B220-positive CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell'?","A. A B220-positive CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-positive, CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative. B. An ON-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. The axon terminal is restricted to sublamina 3 of the inner plexiform layer. It is narrowly stratified and branched. The dendritic tree has many delicate branches. C. An CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is an unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative. D. A B220-low CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell is a CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell that has the phenotype B220-low, CD38-negative, IgD-positive, CD138-negative, and IgG-negative.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,B220-positive CD38-negative unswitched memory B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002112 1_1_v8m8vr2m,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'needle play'?","A. Body piercing performed as part of a BDSM scene. B. Any of various forms of sexual play which involve electricity. C. Erotic asphyxiation; a sexual practice involving the intentional deprivation of oxygen to the brain by choking, hanging, or other means. D. The practice of including actual (or simulated) firearms into a scene.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,needle play,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008649 1_1_9f8867gb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Raceme length covered by female flowers'?","A. Presence of spines on capsules. B. The length of the raceme covered by female flowers. C. The length of petioles. D. The length of secondary branch.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Raceme length covered by female flowers,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_347:0000112 1_1_bgnlut4o,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerivastatin'?","A. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. B. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). C. (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. D. A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cerivastatin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3558 1_1_zrqx28ss,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'aortic valve cusp'?","A. The three fibrous triangular components and associated flaps of the tricuspid valve. B. The three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the pulmonary valve. C. The three fibrous triangular components and associated flap of the aortic valve. D. The part of the heart valves that serves to seal the heart valves when closed. There are three cusps for each valve except for the mitral valve, which has only two (hence its alternate name, 'bicuspid valve'). 'Nodules' are located at the tip of the valve, to form a tighter seal[WP].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,aortic valve cusp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005990 1_1_ax8krgde,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'amino fatty acid'?","A. A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-phenylisonipecotic acid in which the hydrogen alpha- to the carboxyl group is substituted by a phenyl group, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl group. B. A fatty acid with an amino substituent at position C-3; constituent of iturinic antibiotics. C. A polyene antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces mediocidicus ATCC23936 and has been shown to exhibit a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. D. A fatty acid containing at least one amino substituent.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,amino fatty acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59650 1_1_5q1lq64o,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''clusterStab''?","A. Creates classes used in model-view-controller (MVC) design B. Data analysis, linear models and differential expression for microarray data. C. This package can be used to estimate the number of clusters in a set of microarray data, as well as test the stability of these clusters. D. Statistical tools for building random mutagenesis libraries for prokaryotes. The package has functions for handling the occupancy distribution for a multinomial and for estimating the number of essential genes in random transposon mutagenesis libraries.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'clusterStab',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000499 1_1_l1itmeg9,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian regulation of heart rate'?","A. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GO:GO\:0003052] B. The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. C. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GOC:rl] D. The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,circadian regulation of heart rate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000536 1_1_iixmhyn3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'peer marriage'?","A. A type of marriage where the partners at the outset agree to adhere to a model of shared responsibility for earning money, meeting the needs of children, doing household chores, and taking recreation time in near equal fashion across these four domains. B. A marriage performed, recorded and recognized by a government official. Such a marriage may be performed by a religious body and recognised by the state, or it may be entirely secular. C. Marriages organized by the age or ages of the participants. D. A marriage contracted for reasons other than a relationship of mutual affection. Instead, such a marriage is entered into for personal gain or some other sort of strategic purpose, such as political marriage.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,peer marriage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007576 1_1_p56y6agq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phenylacetic acid'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. B. A 4-O-(1H-indol-3-ylcarbonyl)ascaroside derived from (7R)-7-hydroxyoctanoic acid. It is a metabolite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid substituted by a 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy group at position 4. D. A member of the class of indolizines that is 3,5,6,7-tetrahydroindolizine which carries a 2-aminoacyl-4-amino-4-oxobutanoic acid, oxo, amino groups at positions 3S, 5 and 6S, respectively. It is a ribosomally encoded and post-translationally modified peptide natural product found in several species of the Pantoea genus and derived from a Glu-Glu-Asn precursor peptide.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phenylacetic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30745 1_1_g7jamido,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mathematical reasoning'?","A. The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). B. The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting. C. The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. D. The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,mathematical reasoning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000081 1_1_isb1y0ww,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'man who has sex with men'?","A. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves. B. A person whose identity is male, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being male, usually (but not always) reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones. C. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves. D. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with women, regardless of how they identify themselves.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,man who has sex with men,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001178 1_1_9wzkpows,"In the ontology of Organization, which of the following definitions best describes 'OrganizationalUnit'?","A. Represents a collection of people organized together into a community or other social, commercial or political structure. The group has some common purpose or reason for existence which goes beyond the set of people belonging to it and can act as an Agent. Organizations are often decomposable into hierarchical structures. It is recommended that SKOS lexical labels should be used to label the Organization. In particular `skos:prefLabel` for the primary (possibly legally recognized name), `skos:altLabel` for alternative names (trading names, colloquial names) and `skos:notation` to denote a code from a code list. Alternative names: _Collective_ _Body_ _Org_ _Group_ B. A collaboration between two or more Organizations such as a project. It meets the criteria for being an Organization in that it has an identity and defining purpose independent of its particular members but is neither a formally recognized legal entity nor a sub-unit within some larger organization. Might typically have a shorter lifetime than the Organizations within it, but not necessarily. All members are `org:Organization`s rather than individuals and those Organizations can play particular roles within the venture. Alternative names: _Project_ _Venture_ _Endeavour_ _Consortium_ _Endeavour_ C. An Organization such as a University Support Unit which is part of some larger FormalOrganization and only has full recognition within the context of that FormalOrganization, it is not a Legal Entity in its own right. Units can be large and complex containing other Units and even FormalOrganizations. Alternative names: _OU_ _Unit_ _Department_ D. An Organization which is recognized in the world at large, in particular in legal jurisdictions, with associated rights and responsibilities. Examples include a Corporation, Charity, Government or Church. Note that this is a super class of `gr:BusinessEntity` and it is recommended to use the GoodRelations vocabulary to denote Business classifications such as DUNS or NAICS.",C,1_1,business_finance/organization_ontology,OrganizationalUnit,http://www.w3.org/ns/org#OrganizationalUnit 1_1_yh6fgcq0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex'?","A. The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates. B. The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development. C. The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex. D. A tree-like structure formed by chorionic villi that sprouts from the chorionic plate in the placental disc. The arborous shape of the chorionic villous tree provides maximal contact area with maternal blood in the intervillous space.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021830 1_1_fvm33xi8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary lymphoid nodule of tonsil'?","A. A lymphoid follicle containing naive B cells. B. The nodules of small undifferentiated B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells located in the spleen white pulp. C. An unstimulated network of follicular dendritic cells and small resting B cells in the lymph node cortex. D. A primary nodular lymphoid tissue that is part of a tonsil.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,primary lymphoid nodule of tonsil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010423 1_1_ounz1plg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Agilent Feature Extraction Software'?","A. Single-user desktop software package for analyzing microarray data from multiple microarray platforms. B. Exper 2100 offers powerful data evaluation tools for all available assays, automatic and manual integration, smear analysis and many assay-specific tools. C. Scan Control Software is the user interface software that controls the Agilent scanner. This software is usable only with the Agilent high-resolution scanner (G2565CA) or high-resolution scanner upgrade. It will not function with earlier scanner versions D. The software automatically finds and places microarray grids, rejects outlier pixels, accurately determines feature intensities and ratios, flags outlier pixels, and calculates statistical confidences. Application-specific QC reports summarize results and provide an at-a-glance quality assessment",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Agilent Feature Extraction Software,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100104 1_1_57r8shyu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'extraterrestrial'?","A. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along a fault. [Wikipedia] B. (Also called mamaliti, mamatili.) A light northwest wind of Sicily; a form of mistral. C. A body or substance which does not originate from Earth. [Wikipedia] D. A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,extraterrestrial,http://sweetontology.net/realmAstroBody/Extraterrestrial 1_1_yrmxa0ub,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation'?","A. The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland. B. The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the prostate gland to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface. C. The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube. D. The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002069 1_1_2fz3qo71,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasal snuff'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants (caffeine, ginseng), taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nasal snuff,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000294 1_1_5n5xe30c,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'desmosome'?","A. A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. B. An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates. C. A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell. D. A specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,desmosome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030057 1_1_w12e63t0,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'SpectralIrradiance'?","A. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. ""Irradiance"" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. ""Radiant exitance"" or ""radiant emittance"" is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface. The SI units for all of these quantities are watts per square meter (W/m2) (wikipedia). All of these quantities characterize the total amount of radiation present, at all frequencies. It is also common to consider each frequency in the spectrum separately. When this is done for radiation incident on a surface, it is called spectral irradiance, and has SI units W/m3, or commonly W·m−2·nm−1. B. An einstein is a unit used in irradiance and in photochemistry. One einstein is defined as one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number, 6.022×1023. Quantum flux of Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is usually reported in microeinsteins per second per square meter, one microeinstein being one-millionth of an einstein. Irradiance might be measured in einsteins per square metre per second, if the source is monochromatic. (note: If the optical frequency is not well defined this is a sloppy misuse of the term irradiance, which is defined in terms of power per unit area, and p. The einstein is used in studies of photosynthesis since the light requirement for the production of a given quantity of oxygen is a fixed number of photosynthetically active photons (about nine photosynthetically active einsteins per mole of oxygen formed). It is named in honor of Albert Einstein, who in a 1905 paper explained the photoelectric effect in terms of light quanta, now called photons, an idea introduced by Max Planck. C. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. ""Irradiance"" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. ""Radiant exitance"" or ""radiant emittance"" is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface. The SI units for all of these quantities are watts per square meter (W/m2) (wikipedia). All of these quantities characterize the total amount of radiation present, at all frequencies. It is also common to consider each frequency in the spectrum separately. When this is done for radiation incident on a surface, it is called spectral irradiance, and has SI units W/m3, or commonly W·m−2·nm−1. D. A base qualifier denotes a simple, atomic qualifier such as average, minimum, and maximum.",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,SpectralIrradiance,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#SpectralIrradiance 1_1_0wgkgj3z,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'xylem vessel member'?","A. A tracheary element that is part of a primary xylem tissue . B. A xylem vessel member that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue . C. A tracheary element that is part of a xylem vessel and has as parts perforation plates. D. A tracheary element that has no perforations in its cell wall.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,xylem vessel member,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0002003 1_1_lozoou21,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Romanians'?","A. LGBTQIA+ people who are Portuguese. B. LGBTQIA+ people who are Irish. C. LGBTQIA+ people who are Danish. D. LGBTQIA+ people who are Romanian.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Romanians,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012279 1_1_zlsb3wlh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'health inequality'?","A. Inequality between different racial or ethnic groups. B. A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute. C. Inequality in health and access to healthcare. D. Inequality in access to social or material resources.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,health inequality,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001175 1_1_8jy2ovad,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mental health service'?","A. Organized services to provide mental health care. B. Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health. C. Services designed for health promotion. D. Organized services to provide diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic disorders.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,mental health service,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008605 1_1_j5kk6ag6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root anlagen'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue beneath a meristem L2 layer in a shoot apical meristem which gives rise to internal tissues of leaf and stem. B. A portion of meristem tissue that gives rise to a root . C. A portion of meristem tissue that is committed to the development of a root primordium . D. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a root apical meristem and consists of mitotically and metabolically inactive cells and is located behind the protoderm of the root .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root anlagen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025433 1_1_b5dgms01,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Retromammary fascia'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of skull representing widest transverse dimension of skull vault. B. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of two or more organ subclasses and one or more organ part subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: larynx, internal ear, pharynx. C. Upper facial line bounded by nasion and left tragion. D. Organ component of superficial fascia which forms a membrane on the posterior surface of the corpus mammae and is separated from the deep fascia of the pectoralis major by the retromammary space.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Retromammary fascia,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma19895 1_1_a37qwrzj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'glucocorticoid hormone'?","A. Any of various glucocoricoids which act as a steroid hormone. B. The physical world or reality, as opposed to cyberspace or virtual reality. C. A group of hydroxycorticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 17-position. Urinary excretion of these compounds is used as an index of adrenal function. They are used systemically in the free alcohol form, but with esterification of the hydroxy groups, topical effectiveness is increased. D. A U.S. (United States) American who is Latine.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,glucocorticoid hormone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009710 1_1_sntm6j8q,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual Observation:presence of pollen_method'?","A. Trait monitored by observing the color of the seed B. Severity on leaf symptoms caused by cassava brown streak virus, in the family Potyviridae and genus Ipomovirus and rated on a scale from 1 (= no symptom) to 5 (= extremely severe) C. Visual rating of the presence of pollen at the same time of flowering D. An evaluation of the integration of root shape, size, diameter, constriction, neck length on a scale. Before scoring the roots, the field technician walks the harvested plot to get an idea of the average root type of the trial which will then be used as the middle level of the scale. Genotypes better than average will be scored with scale levels lower than the middle level. Similiar genotype that are certainly worse compared to the average score are rated with levels higher than the middle level. Trait description is provided by Hernan Ceballos of CIAT",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual Observation:presence of pollen_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010466 1_1_bz66u81z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'orbital motion'?","A. A cold southwest wind of Simons Bay, South Africa. B. In hydrodynamics, the motion of a fluid particle induced by the passage of a progressive gravity wave. C. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. D. Oscillation, usually of a small amplitude, about a reference state.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,orbital motion,http://sweetontology.net/procPhysical/OrbitalMotion 1_1_p3zpzmlu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'airborne particulate matter'?","A. An aggregate of human beings. B. Airborne particulate matter in which the particles are less than or equal to 2.5 microns in size. C. An object aggregate that consists of particles of solids and liquids suspended in air. D. Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,airborne particulate matter,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001238 1_1_a04pocgn,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cook, fast food'?","A. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 1. B. Prepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant with a limited menu. Duties of these cooks are limited to preparation of a few basic items and normally involve operating large-volume single-purpose cooking equipment. C. Control or tend conveyors or conveyor systems that move materials or products to and from stockpiles, processing stations, departments, or vehicles. May control speed and routing of materials or products. D. Clean and repair septic tanks, sewer lines, or drains. May patch walls and partitions of tank, replace damaged drain tile, or repair breaks in underground piping.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"cook, fast food",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35201100 1_1_whbzln94,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'opacity'?","A. The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. B. The optical thickness measured vertically above some given altitude. Optical depth is dimensionless and may be used to specify many different radiative characteristics of the atmosphere. C. The vertical integral of the density of absorbers between two altitudes; used mainly in determining the transmission through an absorbing gas. D. Radar cross section (RCS) describes the extent to which an object reflects an incident electromagnetic wave. It is a measure of the strength of the radar signal backscattered from a target object for a given incident wave power..",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,opacity,http://sweetontology.net/propEnergyFlux/Opacity 1_1_55k731qt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine dependence'?","A. this code must be sequenced as the second code, since it specifies that the disease has dementia in other diseases B. nicotine gives temprorary pleasure effects in your brain C. effects a persons mental health and emotional state D. Recurrent major depressive disorder episodes (a depressed mood for two weeks or more)",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nicotine dependence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000512 1_1_e6ywwypw,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ArtifactInput'?","A. Object, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. B. Condition, which is used in the definition of attributes for Start Event and Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. artifact_input, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. D. These are the elements that define the basic look-and-feel of BPMN. Most business processes will be modeled adequately with these elements",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,ArtifactInput,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#artifact_input 1_1_goff09uh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-heptadecanoyl-2-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(2-)'?","A. An anionic phospholipid obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of any 1-acyl-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3. B. A 1-acyl-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate; major species at pH 7.3. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-) in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at postions 1 and 2 are specified as heptadecanoyl and lauroyl respectively. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1-oleoyl-2-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-heptadecanoyl-2-lauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84427 1_1_evjejccu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropocentrism'?","A. Any of various social ideologies which focus upon species-specific identities. B. A social ideology which posits that humans are the most important entity in the universe. C. A group of individuals united by a common factor (e.g., geographic location, ethnicity, disease, age, gender) D. A document containing a certified statement.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anthropocentrism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002951 1_1_yo4y27xp,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'UNEP-WCMC class 5 mountain'?","A. A mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 2499 metres above sea level and slopes greater than or equal to two degrees of inclination. B. A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1000 and 1499 metres above sea level and either 1) a slope greater than or equal to five degrees or 2) a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. C. A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1500 and 2499 metres above sea level and a slope greater than or equal to two degrees. D. A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 999 metres above sea level and a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,UNEP-WCMC class 5 mountain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001465 1_1_5rznsx2q,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneR'?","A. The package implements a method for normalising microarray intensities, both between colours within array, and between arrays. The method uses a robust variant of the maximum-likelihood estimator for the stochastic model of microarray data described in the references B. Package manipulating nucleotidic sequences (Embl, Fasta, GenBank) C. This package provides utilities for flow cytometry data. D. This library contains functions to investigate links between differential gene expression and the chromosomal localization of the genes. MACAT is motivated by the common observation of phenomena involving large chromosomal regions in tumor cells. MACAT is the implementation of a statistical approach for identifying significantly differentially expressed chromosome regions. The functions have been tested on a publicly available data set about acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Yeoh et al.Cancer Cell 2002), which is provided in the library 'stjudem'.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneR,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000188 1_1_krp08kqo,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CRG RCoffee Web Tool'?","A. Performs an alignment of DNA, RNA or Proteins with the standard TCoffee mode. B. Aligns RNA sequences using predicted secondary structures by accessing the RCoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software. C. TCoffee is a multiple sequence alignment program with a number of different modes. D. Aligns protein sequences using structural information by accessing the 3DCoffee/Expresso mode of the underlying TCoffee software.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CRG RCoffee Web Tool,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000067 1_1_h9f8p9wz,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'biological mother population statistic'?","A. The aggregate of biological mother in a population. B. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. C. A data item that is about the age at which a nicotine product was first used. D. A data item which indicates the number of days a person has remained abstinent from a particular substance or behaviour.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,biological mother population statistic,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_015243 1_1_jocxhmd3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'triazolophthalazine'?","A. A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist. B. An organic heterotricyclic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms as part of the ring system. C. A diterpenoid of the clerodane group isolated from the leaves and flowers of Casearia nigrescens. It exhibits cytotoxicity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. D. An organic heterotricyclic compound comprising a triazole ring fused to a phthalazine ring system.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,triazolophthalazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60482 1_1_ghk5uoz5,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'specifically dependent continuant'?","A. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) B. b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) C. An abnormal observable quality of a part of a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. D. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,specifically dependent continuant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020 1_1_kvmah1u9,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'tabloid'?","A. A newspaper. Broadsheets are usually considered to be more ""high-brow"" than tabloids. B. A newspaper. Tabloids are usually thought of as more ""down-market"" than broadsheets. C. All newspapers are either broadsheets or tabloids. D. A vegetarian is defined as an animal that eats no other animals, or parts of animals.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,tabloid,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#tabloid 1_1_pomedhnw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parenchyma'?","A. Organ component constituted by specialized tissues which are organized into acini, lobules, segments, and lobes, or corticomedullary units and supported by stroma. Examples: lung parenchyma, liver parenchyma, parenchyma of kidney. B. Parenchyma, each instance of which consists of some 30 to 50 small compound tubuloalveolar glands, with excretory ducts emptying into some prostatic urethra. C. Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. D. Organ component, each instance of which is some cluster of specialized epithelial cells that includes taste receptor cells, basal cells, and, supporting cells, which are connected to some gustatory nerve endings; it is located around the bases of some vallate, fungiform, and foliate papillae of the tongue and provides the sense of taste.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Parenchyma,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45732 1_1_o5x3qb9i,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node'?","A. Superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the posterior aspect of superior portion of head of pancreas. B. Superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node located on the anterior anterior of superior region of head of pancreas. C. Region of posterior wall of prostatic part of urethra, each instance of which is a posterolateral recess between the urethral crest and the wall of some urethra, where the prostatic ductules empty into the urethra. D. Alare on right ala of nose.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277310 1_1_i0cqegbo,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Striga- Striga plants per week - Method'?","A. Count number of days from planting to first appearance of pod per plot B. Count number of striga plant in the experimental plot at harvest C. Count the number of Striga in the experimental plot at weekly interval after first emergence up to maturity D. Count the number of roots in 5-10 cm below soil surface region",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Striga- Striga plants per week - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000724 1_1_ecq6h7t0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycosphingolipid deacylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any non-peptide carbon-nitrogen bond in a linear amide. B. Catalysis of the reaction: N-formyl-L-kynurenine + H2O = formate + L-kynurenine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: N-carbamoylsarcosine + H2O + 2 H+ = CO2 + NH4 + sarcosine. D. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of gangliosides and neutral glycosphingolipids, releasing fatty acids to form the lyso-derivatives.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glycosphingolipid deacylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033964 1_1_1wo4jril,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tepal epidermis'?","A. A portion of tepal epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a tepal . B. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a tepal . C. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a phyllome . D. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a carpel .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tepal epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025184 1_1_qr5ib59v,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cuticle secreting cell'?","A. A cell characteristically found lining hollow organs that are subject to great mechanical change due to contraction and distention; originally thought to represent a transition between stratified squamous and columnar epithelium. B. A cell that is found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver that is capable of multiple roles including storage of retinol, presentation of antigen to T cells (including CD1d-restricted NKT cells), and upon activation, production of extracellular matrix components that can contribute to liver fibrosis. This activated state has a myofibroblast-like phenotype, though it's not clear in the literature if this is terminally differentiated. This cell type comprises approximately 8-15% of total cells in the liver. C. An epithelial cell that is part of the epithelium of a tracheal tube in an open tracheal system, such as that found in insects. D. An epithelial cell that secretes cuticle.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cuticle secreting cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000658 1_1_z6rbgnnc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyloric gastric gland goblet cell'?","A. An epithelial cell of the stomach that is part of the fundic gastric gland. This cell is characterized by its pyramidal shape, abundant mitochondria, and a complex network of secretory canaliculi lined with microvilli. It secretes hydrochloric acid into the stomach lumen and produces intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption. B. A glandular epithelial cell of the endometrium. Following ovulation, these cells secrete a glycogen-rich substance known as histotroph or uterine milk, which nourishes the embryo if implantation occurs. C. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of stomach. D. A goblet cell that is part of the epithelium of pyloric gland.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pyloric gastric gland goblet cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000323 1_1_x67xcri9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'single generalization algorithm'?","A. single generalization algorithms are data mining algorithms that given a dataset on input produce a generalization at the output. B. Ensemble algorithms are algorithms that generate an ensemble when executed on a dataset. The ensemble algorithms include a specification of single generalization algorithms which are executed in oreder to produce the single generalizations that compose the ensemble. Examples of ensemble algorithms include bagging, boosting, stacking, random forests, random subspaces,bagging of random subspaces etc. For example, bagging of decision trees algorithm includes the specification of a bagging algorithm and having a decision tree algorithm for generating the base models composing the ensemble. C. Pattern discovery algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a pattern discovery task and as a result produces a set of patterns. D. Predictive modeling algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a predictive modeling task and as a result produces a predictive model.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,single generalization algorithm,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_731692 1_1_9tnqajjw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice floe'?","A. _:753 B. Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. C. Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. D. Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ice floe,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceFloe 1_1_xpael1cc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'outer renal medulla vasa recta'?","A. A vasa recta that is part of a outer medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]. B. A vasa recta that is part of a inner medulla of kidney [Automatically generated definition]. C. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing vomeronasal organ [Automatically generated definition]. D. A group of microvessels that are part of the kidney. A vasa recta has a hairpin-like shape, entering the renal medulla as the straight arterioles and surrounds the loop of Henle, forming a capillary network. Finally it leaves the renal medulla to ascend to the cortex as the straight venules. The primary function of the vasa recta is to facilitate countercurrent exchange, which is essential for the kidney's ability to concentrate urine",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,outer renal medulla vasa recta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004775 1_1_ad5jo66g,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Slamf1-negative multipotent progenitor cell'?","A. A lymphoid progenitor cell that is found in bone marrow, gives rise to B cells, T cells, natural killer cells and dendritic cells, and has the phenotype Lin-negative, Kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, FLT3-positive, CD34-positive, CD150 negative, and GlyA-negative. B. A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell that is CD34-positive, CD38-negative, CD45RA-negative, and CD90-negative. C. A hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell is multipotent, but not capable of long-term self-renewal. These cells are characterized as lacking lineage cell surface markers and being CD34-positive in both mice and humans. D. A hematopoietic progenitor that has restricted self-renewal capability. Cell is Kit-positive, Ly6-positive, CD150-negative and Flt3-negative.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Slamf1-negative multipotent progenitor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002035 1_1_nb8xerxs,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aliphatic alcohol'?","A. A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. B. An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. C. An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. D. A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,aliphatic alcohol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2571 1_1_j9dixxpx,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petiole vascular bundle'?","A. A vascular bundle that is part of a petiole vascular system . B. A portion of vascular tissue that is a unit strand of the vascular system and has as part xylem or phloem . C. A vascular bundle that is part of a pericarp . D. A vascular bundle that is part of a phyllome lamina .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petiole vascular bundle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025434 1_1_r9pjeu06,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.10 ten leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at ten nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.10 ten leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007103 1_1_0iqyp4wr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032927 1_1_qce00vw4,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Building'?","A. A vehicle in a comic universe. B. A building in a comic universe. C. A comic character's costume. D. An object in a comic universe.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Building,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Building 1_1_j0ylqgku,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Midbrain tegmentum'?","A. Palpebral fissure line bounded by left endocanthion and left exocanthion. B. General anatomical term which refers to an elongatyed anatomical structure which may be a cell, e.g. muscle fiber; an organ component, e.g. nerve fiber; or an acellular anatomical structure, e.g. collagen fiber C. Subdivision of the midbrain lying anterior to the tectum and posterior to the substantia nigra and cerebral peduncle. D. Acronym for Golgi - Endoplasmic Reticulum - Lysosome complex, a system found in the cell that involves golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes mainly to perform endocytosis and exocytosis functions.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Midbrain tegmentum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62393 1_1_0hywwnu0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CDF binary format'?","A. CHP binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix, stored in little-endian format and used to store expression, resequencing and genotyping results from algorithms implemented in the GCOS 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 and BRLMM Analysis Tool software applications. B. The CDF binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix was created for faster access and smaller file size in comparison to the CDF ASCII format. The values in the file are stored in little-endian format. CDF binary format describes the layout for an Affymetrix GeneChip array. An array may contain Expression, Genotyping, CustomSeq, Copy Number and/or Tag probe sets. All probe set names within an array are unique. Multiple copies of a probe set may exist on a single array as long as each copy has a unique name. C. BAR is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The format of the file is a header section followed by sequences sections (one section per sequence defined). The BAR file contains one and two sample analysis results (signal and p-values) from the tiling array software. D. BPMAP is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The BPMAP format contains information relating to the design of the Affymetrix tiling arrays.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CDF binary format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100054 1_1_9qvxdnub,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'adult'?","A. A person who was a cigarette smoker in the past but is not currently a cigarette smoker. B. A person who was a substance in the past but is not currently a substance user. C. A protein coding gene in humans. D. A person who has reached maturity.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,adult,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000352 1_1_v9orkrmd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'VCell'?","A. VCell is a complete model building, editing and simulation environment. Includes spatial modeling capabilites, deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid algorithms. Parameter sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization. Desktop application and web-based environment. Bio- and math-based interfaces. Database and model sharing/publishing. B. CARMAweb allows the analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip, ABI microarrays and two color microarrays. The analysis includes normalization and data preprocessing, detection for differentially expressed genes, cluster analysis and GO analysis. All calculations (except the cluster analysis) are performed in R using functions provided by the BioConductor packages. C. Acuity is the complete enterprise microarray informatics platform for microarray data storage, data filtering and data analysis. It analysis tools for quality, visualizations for discovery and Data Management for Security. D. QuantArray® is a powerful microarray analysis software that enables researchers to easily and accurately visualize and quantitate gene expression data.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,VCell,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000153 1_1_dwoptljj,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'maestro'?","A. A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. B. A moderate to strong southwest wind in Provence (southeastern France), mild, humid, and very cloudy or rainy. On the coast it raises a rough sea. It is not frequent, occurring only in March. In the Swiss? French Alps it is locally termed labech, and is squally with thunder, hail, and brief torrential downpours; it comes mainly in autumn and winter. C. On the Bulgarian coast, a west wind that usually follows rain and persists for one to three days. D. A gap wind or canyon wind through a gorge.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,maestro,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Maestro 1_1_y52ayw13,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of respiratory gaseous exchange. C. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903942 1_1_7n1ww0ym,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->6)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc'?","A. A composition-only glycan consisting of five hexosyl groups and eight acetaminohexosyl groups (identities and connectivity unknown). Composition: Hex5 HexNAc8. B. A linear amino trisaccharide consisting of two adjacent alpha-L-rhamnose residues (one at the reducing end) and a single N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminyl residue joined to each other via (1->3)-linkages. C. An amino trisaccharide that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6 have been converted into the corresponding beta-D-galactopyranosyl derivatives. D. A linear amino trisaccharide consisting of three N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine residues linked (1->4).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->6)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147530 1_1_7vpwg756,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'agricultural potting mixture'?","A. Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. B. An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. C. An agricultural environmental material which 1) is composed of a mixture of materials such as peat, composted bark, sand, perlite, or compost, and 2) serves as a medium in which to grow plants. D. This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,agricultural potting mixture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000133 1_1_tzt17pyo,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'afzal'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings (spices, essential oils, extracts), sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, that is composed of dried tobacco and made into a fine powder. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which dried tobacco is mixed with varied additives to create a moist, ground form.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,afzal,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001016 1_1_rk4wol5r,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'basic amino acid transport'?","A. The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,basic amino acid transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015802 1_1_fspma4ev,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'exploration behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites. B. The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus. C. A behavioral response resulting from wounding. D. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,exploration behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035640 1_1_8ca8r3ck,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'voluntary health agency'?","A. Non-profit organizations concerned with various aspects of health, e.g., education, promotion, treatment, services, etc. B. A non-profit organization which exists for the promotion of social welfare. C. Any of various procedures which use surgical implants to alter the underlying structure of the chin. D. An organization dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a shared point of view. In economic terms, it is an organization that uses its surplus of the revenues to further achieve its ultimate objective, rather than distributing its income to the organization's shareholders, leaders, or members.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,voluntary health agency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004616 1_1_3kzsswvc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'HailDmg Estimation'?","A. Record booting stage (DS45) when 50% of culms present boot swollen. B. Stay-green assessment is conducted through the growing season, starting with the onset of the senescence of the specific organ to be evaluated. C. Standard method for leaf rust response. D. Score the damage caused by hail.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,HailDmg Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000340 1_1_pcc0j7qf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'clay fermentation pit'?","A. A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. B. A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. C. A pit which has been constructed for use in fermentation processes that will yield alcoholic spirits. D. A fermentation pit which is constructed from clay.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,clay fermentation pit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600091 1_1_ym4p5uyq,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry river valley'?","A. A dry stream valley which was formed as a result of erosion due to river formation and flow. B. A biotransformation process that produces mixed alcohols from from biomass via fermentation. C. A dry valley which was formed as a result of erosion due to stream formation and flow. D. A freshwater river ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dry river valley,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_0010163 1_1_g1f303ob,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'abacavir monophosphate'?","A. A member of the class of furans that is 2-furylmethylamine substituted at position 4 by a phosphooxymethyl group. B. An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of triphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols. C. An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of diphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols. D. The organic phosphate that is the 5'-monophosphate of abacavir.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,abacavir monophosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64112 1_1_d6uh1how,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis'?","A. Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of a heart valve. B. Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the heart. C. Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. The outflow tract is the portion of the heart through which blood flows into the arteries. D. Any apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,apoptotic process involved in outflow tract morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003275 1_1_gwz979rc,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geological structure'?","A. It is a fiat surface that is 'located in' the external surface of a 'geological object'. B. (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share C. (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist D. It is a 'generically dependent continuant' that is the pattern of a non-atomic 'geological object''s internal arrangement.",D,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,geological structure,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000004 1_1_n17nrmvq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left marginal artery'?","A. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical anteroseptal and the apical inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Nucleus of brain which is located medially to the putamen and laterally to the internal capsule. C. Anatomical compartment which is located in head. D. Branch of circumflex coronary artery which courses downward along the obtuse margin of heart to the apex and supplies the left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left marginal artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma3902 1_1_f5rh98bk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'brain vascular cell'?","A. A skeletal muscle fiber that is part of a muscle spindle. These are specialized muscle fibers that serve as proprioceptors, detecting the amount and rate of change in length of a muscle. They are innervated by both sensory neurons and motor neurons (gamma and beta motorneurons, collectively referred to as fusimotor neurons). B. A cell that is part of the brain vasculature. C. Any neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) that is part of some forebrain. D. A distinct endothelial cell forming the walls of the capillaries within the cerebral cortex.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,brain vascular cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023072 1_1_c7fqpzqx,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'iminoglycinuria'?","A. A renal tubular transport disease characterized by decreased renal tubular resorption of glucose from the urine in the absence of hyperglycemia and other signs of tubular dysfunction. B. A renal tubular transport disease that is characterized by hypertension and hypokalemia caused by dysregulation of epithelial sodium channels causing over expression of the channel. C. A renal tubular transport disease characterized by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion resulting in inability to excrete a free water load, inappropriately concentrated urine, and undetectable or low plasma arginine vasopressin levels that has_material_basis_in hemizygous gain-of-function mutation in the AVPR2 gene on chromosome Xq28. D. A renal tubular transport disease characterized by impaired renal tube reabsorption of proline, hydroxyproline and glycine and elevated urine levels of the imino acids and glycine that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in SLC36A2 on chromosome 5q33.1 combined with either heterozygous mutation in SLC6A20 gene on chromosome 3p21.31 or homozygous mutation in SLC6A19 on chromosome 5p15.33.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,iminoglycinuria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112265 1_1_t6cwkyki,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'drinking behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. B. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. C. Behavior associated with the intake of food. D. The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,drinking behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042756 1_1_bpx1gndd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration'?","A. Any microtubule cytoskeleton organization that is involved in mitosis. B. Rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that contribute to the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration. C. The process in which tubulin alpha-beta heterodimers begin aggregation to form an oligomeric tubulin structure (a microtubule seed). Microtubule nucleation is the initiating step in the formation of a microtubule in the absence of any existing microtubules ('de novo' microtubule formation). D. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021815 1_1_u2npl9gx,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ImmPort Conditions of Use'?","A. The ImmPort Conditions of Use is a vendor-specific license which allows the use of ImmPort data for any legal purpose except for those prohibited elsewhere in this agreement. There are very few prohibitions, and no requirement for attribution. B. The RIKEN copyright is a vendor-specific license which states that all text, photographs, diagrams, and other materials on their website are copyrighted by RIKEN unless explicitly specified otherwise on the website. It is prohibited to use, reproduce, or modify any of the material without RIKEN's permission. C. miRTaBase Data License is a simple vendor license which allows academic users to make use of the data for free. D. The ProDom Commercial License is a vendor-specific license which allows the access and use of the licensed data for commercial purposes for a fee. Non-commercial use does not require licensing or a fee, and is covered by a separate license.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ImmPort Conditions of Use,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000150 1_1_nt0wv42g,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical assessment'?","A. Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. B. A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. C. Anxiety is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a painful or apprehensive uneasiness of mind usually over an impending or anticipated ill. D. Studen't t-test is a data transformation with the objective of a statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic has a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is true. It is applied when the population is assumed to be normally distributed but the sample sizes are small enough that the statistic on which inference is based is not normally distributed because it relies on an uncertain estimate of standard deviation rather than on a precisely known value.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,clinical assessment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000487 1_1_ydne5sph,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mature sperm cell'?","A. Definitive germ cell of the male sex. B. Cartilaginous skeleton of entire body. C. Wall of atrium which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary vein. D. Cell region demarcated by one or more floating fiat boundaries. Examples: neck of cone cell, head of spermatozoon, head of internal pillar cell of cochlea.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Mature sperm cell,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67338 1_1_oss1j3o5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups'?","A. A protein complex capable of catalyzing the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). B. A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. D. A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"transferase complex, transferring phosphorus-containing groups",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061695 1_1_ka7lh8y2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thr-Gly'?","A. A dipeptide formed from L-threonine and L-methionine residues. B. A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-arginine residues. C. A dipeptide formed from L-threonine and glycine residues. D. A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Thr-Gly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74859 1_1_rb1a7jm5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Indigenous person of Canada'?","A. Any of various Indigenous peoples in Canada who have a shared history and culture and are of mixed Indigenous and European (primarily French) ancestry which became a distinct group through ethnogenesis by the mid-18th century. B. A person belonging to any of various Indigenous peoples of North America. C. Any of various members of the 634 recognized First Nations governments or bands across Canada; alternatively, Indigenous Canadians who are not Inuit or Métis. D. A person belonging to any of various Indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada. They comprise the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. Although ""Indian"" is a term still commonly used in legal documents, the descriptors ""Indian"" and ""Eskimo"" have somewhat fallen into disuse in Canada and some consider them to be pejorative.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Indigenous person of Canada,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008284 1_1_0znfzk3s,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerial tuber axillary vegetative bud'?","A. An axillary vegetative bud that is part of a shoot axis tuber . B. Stages of development of a root defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features. C. A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of an aerial tuber. D. A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of a subterranean tuber.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,aerial tuber axillary vegetative bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025041 1_1_nb0wi8j6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian temperature homeostasis'?","A. The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle. B. A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. C. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GOC:rl] D. ""Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GOC:dbh]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,circadian temperature homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000538 1_1_l44l036q,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinal trigeminal tract of medulla'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell. A mesonephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the mesonephros. B. Part of spinal trigeminal tract located in the medulla. C. Brainstem tract formed by the central processes of first-order, trigeminal ganglion neurons that extends from the caudal medulla to the midpons. This tract conveys nociceptive and thermal information from the face to second-order neurons in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex. D. An adductor muscle that attaches to the femur and the pelvis. In humans, the obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered part of the gluteal region. [WP,generalized].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,spinal trigeminal tract of medulla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002715 1_1_oayvml80,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'subset ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. B. An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. C. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. D. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000006 1_1_iuu8wpz6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper glume of tassel spikelet'?","A. A glume that is part of a tassel spikelet. B. An upper glume that is part of a tassel spikelet. C. A lower glume that is part of a tassel spikelet. D. An upper glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel sessile spikelet.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,upper glume of tassel spikelet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006370 1_1_9vwpsy1k,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic triphosphate'?","A. An organic phosphate that is phosphoric acid in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an organyl group. B. A member of the class of furans that is 2-furylmethylamine substituted at position 4 by a phosphooxymethyl group. C. A member of the class of furans that is 2-furfural substituted at position 4 by a phosphooxymethyl group. D. An organic phosphate ester formed by condensation of triphosphoric acid with one or more alcohols.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,organic triphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62894 1_1_22vmxpkg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'a lipid IVB(4-)'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3 B. Major species at pH 7.3 C. Major species at pH 7.3 D. Tetraanion of lipid A arising from deprotonation of both phosphate functions (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,a lipid IVB(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_193143 1_1_kkwdoi91,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flower color measurement'?","A. Description: Calculate the object extent Materials: seed image, python-opencv Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. Retrieve the total area of an object in an image 2. Create a bounding box around the image with cv.boundingRect() 3. Compute the extent as the ratio between the object area and the bounding box area. 4. See https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d1/d32/tutorial_py_contour_properties.html B. Description: Record the total mass of a sample of seeds. Materials: cleaned fruit; laboratory seed cleaner/dehuller; digital scale; Dependent_on: Seed moisture content [%] Protocol: 1. Sample fruit according to your sampling protocol 2. Place cleaned fruit into the seed cleaning/dehulling machine (Haldrup LT15). 3. Process the fruits until the majority of the pericarps have been removed. 4. Place the cleaned seed onto a laboratory scale and record the mass in the appropriate units. 5. Report seed mass at seed moisture content. C. Description: Determination of Simple Sugars in Cereal Products—HPLC Method Materials: Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. See full protocol at AACC 80-04.01 D. Description: Measure the color of flowers in CIELAB color space Materials: handheld or benchtop colorimeter Dependent_on: Protocol: 1. Sample flowers according to your sampling protocol. 2. Measure the color of a flower or a set of flowers using the colorimeter. 3. Express the average value as a vector [x, y, z] in the CIELAB color model.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flower color measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0002007 1_1_jn730iv9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cilium movement'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cilium movement, the directed, self-propelled movement of a cilium. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of cilium movement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003354 1_1_4vadd186,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'paraclade cortex'?","A. A portion of cortex that is part of a shoot axis . B. A maximal portion of ground tissue between the vascular system and the epidermis in a plant. C. A portion of cortex that is part of a higher order inflorescence axis , also called a paraclade. D. A portion of cortex that is part of a receptacle .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,paraclade cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004721 1_1_s4cxcnxf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'glacial ice accumulation zone'?","A. An object which is composed primarily of a gas. B. A material accumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes exceed those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net icrease in some mass of ice. C. An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. D. A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre).",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,glacial ice accumulation zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001352 1_1_xcm4wmzk,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'omega-carboxyacyl-CoA'?","A. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid. B. A thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid. C. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. D. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,omega-carboxyacyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37555 1_1_b7bq2udc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mature CD14-positive dermal dendritic cell'?","A. A mature CD14-positive dermal dendritic cell is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive. B. Mature dermal dendritic cell is a dermal dendritic cell that is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive. C. A dermal dendritic cell that is CD1a-negative and CD14-positive. D. An immature CD14-positive dermal dendritic cell is CD80-low, CD86-low, and MHCII-low.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mature CD14-positive dermal dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002528 1_1_3hvwkvbr,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proposition'?","A. A propositional attitude connects a person (the holder of the attitude) to some proposition, in fact it expresses some qualification over the proposition. Distinguishing a proposition from the propositional content expressed by it is necessary when properties relating to the thing expressed and properties of the expression itself must be distinguished. For LKIF the distinction between Belief, Intention, Qualification, and Observation is relevant. The distinction between belief/expectation, intention, and observation is relevant for i.a. establishing mens rea (guilty mind). The distinction between beliefs (expressing the content of the mind of an agent) and statements (expressing the content of an act of communication by an agent) is classical. B. A (non logical) proposition is a proposition qualified by a propositional attitude. NB: The proposition used here does not correspond to a proposition in proposition logics. C. A qualification expresses e.g. a judgment. The thing qualified by the qualification is comparable to something else. D. Some thing which is evaluatively qualified, i.e. an evaluation applies to the proposition, the proposition is judged. The proposition is comparable to some other proposition.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Proposition,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Proposition 1_1_6b7oyrj0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of endothelial cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell development. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of endothelial cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045601 1_1_al0tv5p5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cucurbitacin'?","A. A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. B. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is the 7-oxo derivative of cucurbitadienol. Isolated from Trichosanthes kirilowii, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. C. Any one of a class of tetracyclic triterpenoids, formally derived from the triterpene hydrocarbon cucurbitane, developed by some plants (especially those of the family Cucurbitaceaeas) as a defence mechanism against herbivores. D. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 3,24-dinor-2,4-seco-friedelan-1(10),5,7-triene substituted by methoxycarbonyl groups at positions 2 and 29 and an oxo group at position 4. Isolated from the root bark of Hippocratea excelsa, it exhibits anti-protozoal activity against Giardia intestinalis.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cucurbitacin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16219 1_1_xqdnb0pc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole metabolic process.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901404 1_1_i40vk09n,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid cartilage'?","A. The largest of the laryngeal cartilages. B. The most superior of the laryngeal cartilages, which is found at the root of the tongue and folds back over the entrance to the larynx during swallowing. C. The paired triangular laryngeal cartilages located postlaterally at the level of the thyroid cartilage. D. The cartilaginous structures that support the larynx.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,thyroid cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001738 1_1_n2667nnx,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petal apex'?","A. A phyllome apex that is part of a sepal. B. A phyllome apex that is part of a petal . C. A phyllome apex that is part of a bract . D. A phyllome apex that is part of a leaf .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petal apex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025144 1_1_90s1j699,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'reduction in cigarettes per day'?","A. A data item that is about the amount of harm caused by an individual using a product relative to using another product. B. A data item which indicates the average time to relapse. C. A data item which indicates the number of number of cigarettes less per day a person has smoked since the last time data was collected. D. A data item that is about human age and is expressed in years rounded down.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,reduction in cigarettes per day,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000629 1_1_4tntqnzi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'outwash fan'?","A. A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams of meltwater and deposits on the outwash plain at the terminus of the glacier. B. An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depresson on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited with further melting.[Wikipedia] C. Rock glaciers are distinctive geomorphological landforms of blocky detritus which may extend outward and downslope from talus cones or from glaciers or the terminal moraines of glaciers. [Wikipedia] D. Any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,outwash fan,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/OutwashFan 1_1_7adx7b6i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'ester'?","A. An ester where the ester linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system. B. A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. C. An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. D. An ester of a carboxylic acid, R(1)C(=O)OR(2), where R(1) = H or organyl and R(2) = organyl.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701 1_1_m5wuhlvh,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'included phloem'?","A. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from a vascular cambium . B. The stage at which the root cortex becomes evident. C. A portion of secondary phloem tissue produced by included vascular cambium. D. A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem that occurs during the interval between the end of a cell division stage of secondary xylem and the onset of a secondary cell wall formation stage of secondary xylem , during which the cells undergo cell growth .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,included phloem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004524 1_1_v0u1qnhl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'environment determined by a plant substance'?","A. An enviroment system which is determined by an ocean or sea. B. An environment which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. C. An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. D. An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a substance produced by a plant.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,environment determined by a plant substance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001031 1_1_9c4owc7x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2001055 1_1_wsxzkd7e,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'genefilter'?","A. Provides methods for accessing data stored in PostgreSQL tables. B. RNAither analyzes cell-based RNAi screens, and includes quality assessment, customizable normalization and statistical tests, leading to lists of significant genes and biological processes C. Some basic functions for plotting genetic data D. Some basic functions for filtering genes",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,genefilter,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000555 1_1_ygrv34go,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy with macular edema'?","A. Type 2 diabetes with diabetic macular edema (when blood vessels in the eye retina leak fluid, causing swelling in the macula) B. Conditions with excess lipids in the blood. C. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of vitamin d in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin d in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin d from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin d to its bioactive metabolites. D. An unspecified condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones (cortisol)",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified diabetic retinopathy with macular edema,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000474 1_1_7g6goq5g,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual dyadic relationship'?","A. A sexual relationship which is fluid in nature. B. A sexual relationship involving two people. C. A relationship involving some kind of sexual intimacy between persons of the same gender. D. An intimate relationship that is sexually non-monogamous; or, a sexual relationship, monogamous or otherwise, which is open to additional sexual connections.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual dyadic relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012461 1_1_zj1w6hc9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epithelial cell of prostatic duct'?","A. Epithelial cell of prostatic gland that together with cells of same kind, constitutes the lining of a prostatic duct. B. Epithelial cell of prostatic gland that together with cells of same kind, constitutes the lining of a prostatic acinus. C. Region of cytoplasm which comprise the peripheral zone of the cytoplasm and which contains a dense meshwork of microfilaments. D. Organ subdivision cluster which consists of nerves, lymphatic vessels, arteries and/or veins.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Epithelial cell of prostatic duct,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74224 1_1_nbqjxv4m,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'severe acute respiratory syndrome, unspecified'?","A. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. B. an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli C. a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). D. conditions affecting the respiratory system",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"severe acute respiratory syndrome, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000351 1_1_nazoa68f,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Knot'?","A. A knot is one nautical mile per hour, which is equal to exactly 1.852 km/h and approximately 1.151 mph. B. The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of net force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second per second. 1 N = kg m s-2 C. A composite unit is the product of at least two base or derived units. For example, 'meter per second square' denotes a composite unit defined over 'meter' (a base unit) and 'per second square' (a derived unit). D. A unit of concentration used for liquid-liquid solutions or for mixtures of gasses and of gasses and liquids.",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Knot,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Knot 1_1_t552s1db,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf texture'?","A. Twinning tendency B. Number of adventitious roots C. Leaf appearance D. Curvature of th pod",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf texture,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000669 1_1_4o23q0zi,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating'?","A. Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating. C. Any process that activates or increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances. D. Any process that increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046009 1_1_2g3dyuth,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'heparan sulfate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide polyanion'?","A. A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion obtained via deprotonation of the diphosphate and carboxy OH groups of UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. B. A carbohydrate acid derivative anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy and 7-hydroxy groups of cyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-p-coumaroyl)-2-O-(beta-D-xylosyl)-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) C. An organophosphate oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group and the phosphate OH groups of 1-phospho-alpha-D-galacturonic acid. The major species at pH 7.3. D. A carbohydrate acid derivative anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid and sulfate groups of the repeating units of heparan sulfate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,heparan sulfate N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminide polyanion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_70974 1_1_vzg8phxg,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fumarate transport'?","A. The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of malate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of fumarate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The process in which aspartate is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fumarate transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015741 1_1_pxj40kzl,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'epilepsy, unspecified'?","A. Epilepsy with complex partial seizures and focal EEG abnoralities B. Unspecified vascular dementia (problems with reasoning, planning, judgement, memory, and other thought processes caused by brain damage from impaired blood blow to your brain) C. a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain. D. a small class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"epilepsy, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000302 1_1_tpt89uz6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites'?","A. Inflammation of the pharynx, which is in the back of the throat. Commonly referred to as ""sore throat"" B. An acute URI is a contagious infection of your upper respiratory tract. Your upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi. C. A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed. D. Laryngitis may cause sore throat and hoarse voice but can also be associated with tracheitis and even bronchiolitis as the pathogen, infection, and host responses move further down the respiratory tree.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Acute upper respiratory infections of multiple and unspecified sites,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000180 1_1_k4en3jgq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pancreatic D cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic epsilon cell. A pancreatic epsilon cell is a cell in the pancreas that secretes ghrelin. B. The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features of a pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell. A pancreatic polypeptide-producing cell is a cell in the pancreas that produces pancreatic polypeptide. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of an adrenal chromaffin cell. An adrenal chromaffin cell is a neuroendocrine cell that stores epinephrine secretory vesicles. D. The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features that characterize a pancreatic delta cell. A delta cell is a cell of the pancreas that produces somatostatin.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pancreatic D cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003311 1_1_19mh6wmo,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete GC-RMA Quantification'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete GC-RMA Quantification,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000154 1_1_ohn0nyqj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'peripheral sensory neuron'?","A. A neuron that is part of the somatic sensory system. Somatosensory neurons innervate the skin or integument to detect different types of thermal, chemical, and mechanical touch stimuli. B. A neuron type that is located in a peripheral nervous system and it transmits sensory information from the peripheral (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). A sensory neuron converts physical (light, sound, touch) or chemical (such as taste and smell) stimuli into an electrical signal through a process known as sensory transduction. The function of a sensory neuron is to carry informations from the external environment and internal body conditions to the central nervous system for further processing. C. Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. D. A cell specialized in detecting light stimuli that are involved in visual perception.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,peripheral sensory neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_3000004 1_1_8gyx2enw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'patella cartilage element'?","A. The deep terminal division of the pudendal nerve that runs along the dorsum of the penis and innervates the the corpus cavernosum penis, the prepuce and the glans penis. B. Subserosa that is part of the uterine tube. It contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatic tissue. C. The area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes. D. A cartilaginous condensation that has the potential to develop into a patella.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,patella cartilage element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012080 1_1_dahy69fo,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anti-LGBTQ T-shirt'?","A. A file is an information-bearing object that contains a physical embodiment of some information using a particular character encoding. B. Any of various T-shirts considered to be anti-LGBTQIA+. C. Any of various T-shirts considered to be pro-LGBTQIA+. D. Any of various T-shirts related to LGBTQIA+ people, events, or culture in any way.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anti-LGBTQ T-shirt,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012857 1_1_85dolrrc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'accessory paraclade'?","A. A second order inflorescence axis borne in the same axil as an existing second order inflorescence axis. B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a first order inflorescence axis . C. A second order inflorescence axis borne on an elongated first order inflorescence axis . D. A second order inflorescence axis borne on a compacted first order inflorescence axis , forming the rosette.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,accessory paraclade,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025546 1_1_hrx0is8l,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesocyclone'?","A. An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and basalt. B. Any cyclonic-scale storm that is not a tropical cyclone, usually referring only to the migratory frontal cyclones of middle and high latitudes. C. A cyclonically rotating vortex, around 2?10 km in diameter, in a convective storm. The vorticity associated with a mesocyclone is often on the order of 10-2 s-1 or greater. (It should be noted that a mesocyclone is not just any cyclone on the mesoscale; it refers specifically to cyclones within convective storms.) Mesocyclones are frequently found in conjunction with updrafts in supercells. Tornadoes sometimes form in mesocyclones. Persistent mesocyclones that have significant vertical extent are detected by Doppler radar as mesocyclone signatures. Tornado warnings may be issued when a mesocyclone signature is detected. D. The solar wind is a stream of charged particles (i.e., a plasma) which are ejected from the upper atmosphere of the sun. It consists mostly of high-energy electrons and protons (about 1 keV) that are able to escape the sun's gravity in part because of the high temperature of the corona and the high kinetic energy particles gain through a process that is not well understood at this time.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mesocyclone,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/Mesocyclone 1_1_n40d9ksd,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stereid'?","A. A ground tissue cell that is part of an exodermis or an endodermis and remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls. B. Cell that constitutes the central part of the root cap, arranged in longitudinal files. C. A ground tissue cell with thickened cell walls. D. A ground tissue cell with a lignified secondary cell wall.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stereid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030045 1_1_x0aoo1bi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'horizontal'?","A. A fault on which there is increasing offset or separation along the strike from an initial point of no offset, with reverse offset in the opposite direction. B. A fault along which there is some separation parallel to the strike of the fault. C. The fault is horizontal D. A fault whose two sides have approached each other substantially in the direction perpendicular to the fault.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,horizontal,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/Horizontal 1_1_f76qmxsd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'data mining algorithm'?","A. ANOVA or Analysis of Variance is a hypothesis testing algorithm which a variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. B. A data mining algorithm is an algorithm that has as its objective a data mining task and outputs as a result a generalization specified by a generalization specification. C. multiple testing which includes controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER), generalized family-wise error rate (gFWER), tail probability of the proportion of false positives (TPPFP), and false discovery rate (FDR). Tests based on a variety of t- and F-statistics (including t-statistics based on regression parameters from linear and survival models as well as those based on correlation parameters) are included. D. BGL implements Depth First Search, Breadth First Search,Dijkstra's, Bellman Ford's and DAG,Johnson's and Floyd Warshall's.Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm Cuthill-McKee's algorithm Minimum degree Ordering",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,data mining algorithm,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_000038 1_1_lzejsrz8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bent long bone'?","A. Transverse long bone midshaft spurs or osteochondral projections typically occuring in the fibulae and less commonly in the forearms. B. An crumpled radiographic appearance of the long bones, as if the long bone had been crushed together producing irregularities. This feature is the result of multiple fractures and repeated rounds of ineffective healing, as can be seen for instance in severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. C. A developmental defect of a long bone, such as the femur or the humerus, characterized by a sharply curve deviation located in the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone. D. One or more abnormally short long bone.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bent long bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034530 1_1_g4c2hyps,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'first order tassel inflorescence axis'?","A. An inflorescence axis that is the primary or main axis of an inflorescence . B. A first order inflorescence axis that is the primary axis of a tassel inflorescence . C. A first order inflorescence axis that is the primary axis of an ear inflorescence . D. The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,first order tassel inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006324 1_1_i7y1eao2,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'etiological process'?","A. A process in an organism that leads to a subsequent disorder. B. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) C. An abnormal processual entity occuring in a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. D. A process experienced by the patient, which can only be experienced by the patient, that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,etiological process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000059 1_1_imgep0sw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spectrophotometry - lutein fresh weight'?","A. Measure the Arsenic concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it B. Measure the concentration of ascorbic acid in fresh weight basis and record it C. Measure the total phenolic concentration is determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with masa spectrometry and record it D. Measure the lutein concentration is determined by a spectrophotometric method using an standar curve of L-ascorbic acid and record it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spectrophotometry - lutein fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000543 1_1_tmqghyvi,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications'?","A. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. B. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life C. A disease where the blood clots throughout the body and increases the risk of bleeding D. A condition in which the blood is too acidic.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000540 1_1_sbhrgmb4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Slavic paganism'?","A. The religious beliefs, myths and ritual practices of the Slavs before Christianization, which occurred at various stages between the 8th and the 13th century. B. Feminism based in the tradition, theory, or ideas posed by psychoanalytic theory. C. A person who is polyamorous; alternatively, a person who identifies as polyamorous. D. Any of various religions originating among the Slavic peoples.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Slavic paganism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010017 1_1_vhf1gole,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vomilenine = H+ + raucaffricine + UDP. B. Catalysis of the reaction: an anthocyanin + UDP-D-glucose = an anthocyanin-5-O-glucoside + UDP. C. Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 3'-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-7-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0080018 1_1_5ajhgboa,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petal spur'?","A. A cardinal organ part that releases water through a hydathode pore. B. A disk-shaped cardinal organ part that is the apical portion of an antheridiophore and bears antheridia . C. A cardinal organ part that is a slender, hollow extension of a petal . D. A cardinal organ part that is a part of a plant structure that splits apart when the structure dehisces.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petal spur,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025511 1_1_8qecg9sz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gari shaft weight'?","A. Cyanide content in storage roots B. Shaft weight C. Amylopectin:amylose ratio D. Gari fibre",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Gari shaft weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000375 1_1_s0ah5o1d,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Release type'?","A. Release type of a particular manifestation, such as ""album"" or ""interview""... B. Distinct intellectual or artistic musical creation. From the FRBR final report: A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work. For example: work #1 J. S. Bach's The art of the fugue C. A show - a musical event lasting several days, in a particular venue. Examples can be ""The Magic Flute"" at the Opera Bastille, August 2005, or a musical in the west end... D. A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation)",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Release type,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/ReleaseType 1_1_qnghdmft,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'plasminogen deficiency type I'?","A. A syndrome characterized by preaxial deficiencies of the hands and feet, postaxial polydactyly of the hands, and hypospadias that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the HOXA13 gene on chromosome 7p15.2. B. A syndrome characterized by severe contractual arachnodactyly, distinctive facial features, blepharophimosis, and absence of neurological involvement that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SCARF2 gene on chromosome 22q11.21. C. A syndrome that is characterized by albinism, black lock, cell migration disorder of the neurocytes of the gut and sensorineural deafness and has_material_basis_in a mutation in the endothelin B receptor gene (EDNRB). D. A syndrome characterized by decreased serum plasminogen activity, decreased plasminogen antigen levels, and chronic mucosal pseudomembranous lesions typically manifesting as ligneous conjunctivitis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in PLG on chromosome 6q26.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,plasminogen deficiency type I,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111592 1_1_136z7sbc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'prescription-only medicine'?","A. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. B. A medicine that is licensed in a jurisdiction only to be provided under authorisation of a prescription from a medical practitioner. C. An antagonist that binds to and deactivates cannabinoid receptors. D. A product that has a marketing license from the medicines regulatory authority of a jurisdiction to prevent, manage or treat a condition.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,prescription-only medicine,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000276 1_1_jxxq78lu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unspecified open wound of unspecified forearm, initial encounter'?","A. a complete or incomplete break in one of the five metatarsal bones in each foot. B. infection or inflammation due to the implementation of cardiac/vascular devices, implants, and grafts C. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck D. an injury involving an external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the skin",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Unspecified open wound of unspecified forearm, initial encounter",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000133 1_1_avzlz553,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'neurotransmitter uptake'?","A. The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. B. The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium-regulated exocytosis during synaptic transmission. C. The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans. D. The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,neurotransmitter uptake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001504 1_1_vl9rt252,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Se-methyl-D-selenocysteinyl group'?","A. The cysteinyl group with L stereochemistry at C-2. B. An L-alpha-amino acyl group having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain. C. A D-alpha-amino acyl group having methylselanylmethyl as the side-chain. D. The univalent carboacyl group formed by loss of -OH from the carboxy group of L-serine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Se-methyl-D-selenocysteinyl group,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53138 1_1_6tjkj3df,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'presumptive neural plate'?","A. An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. B. A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. C. In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. D. Primordium that develops into the central nervous system.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,presumptive neural plate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007284 1_1_wjmnn36z,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'integrin alpha-IIb (human)'?","A. An integrin alpha-IIb that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A somatostatin that is encoded in the genome of human. C. An NKG2-A/NKG2-B type II integral membrane protein that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 that is encoded in the genome of human.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,integrin alpha-IIb (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P08514 1_1_4pnx3ubh,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. D. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060045 1_1_6ownihs8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ribonucleic acid'?","A. A naturally occurring polypeptide synthesized at the ribosome. B. A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. C. An amide of a sulfonic acid RS(=O)2NR'2. D. High molecular weight, linear polymers, composed of nucleotides containing ribose and linked by phosphodiester bonds; RNA is central to the synthesis of proteins.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ribonucleic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697 1_1_ginzbxg5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Established plants'?","A. Big size tubers yield nonadjusted tons per hectare B. Weight of small size tubers ( <0.5kg ) in a net plot or unit area C. Quantity of botanical or true seeds sown per family or cross D. Number of well established plants ( plants growing with good vigour and without severe constraints) in a plot",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Established plants,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000207 1_1_g6qlozm8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CDF ASCII format'?","A. The flow cytometry data file standard provides the specifications needed to completely describe flow cytometry data sets within the confines of the file containing the experimental data. The principal goal of the Standard is to provide a uniform file format allowing files created by one type of acquisition hardware and software to be analyzed by another type. B. CEL ASCII format is ASCII data format specification created by Affymetrix similar to the Windows INI format. The CEL format stores the results of the intensity calculations on the pixel values of the DAT file. This includes an intensity value, standard deviation of the intensity, the number of pixels used to calculate the intensity value, a flag to indicate an outlier as calculated by the algorithm and a user defined flag indicating the feature should be excluded from future analysis. The file stores the previously stated data for each feature on the probe array. C. The CDF ASCII format is an ASCII data format specification created by Affymetrix similar to the Windows INI format. This format describes the layout for an Affymetrix GeneChip array. An array may contain Expression, Genotyping, CustomSeq, Copy Number and/or Tag probe sets. All probe set names within an array are unique. Multiple copies of a probe set may exist on a single array as long as each copy has a unique name. D. A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root).",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CDF ASCII format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000057 1_1_2ukhdym5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 proteolytic cleavage product'?","A. A myeloperoxidase that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. B. A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. C. A Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. D. A tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5 proteolytic cleavage product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018606 1_1_stfmsc0o,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine'?","A. A lysophosphatidylethanolamine 20:3 in which the acyl group is specified as (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoyl and is located at position 2. B. A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl group is specified as 8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl (omega-3-arachidonoyl). C. A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl group is specified as octadecanoyl (stearoyl). D. A 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl group is specified as oleoyl.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133145 1_1_rc9o52hu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'teaching assistant, postsecondary'?","A. Develop quantitative techniques to inform securities investing, equities investing, pricing, or valuation of financial instruments. Develop mathematical or statistical models for risk management, asset optimization, pricing, or relative value analysis. B. Diagnose diseases and conduct lab tests using organs, body tissues, and fluids. Includes medical examiners. C. Assist faculty or other instructional staff in postsecondary institutions by performing instructional support activities, such as developing teaching materials, leading discussion groups, preparing and giving examinations, and grading examinations or papers. D. Make immediate medical decisions and act to prevent death or further disability. Provide immediate recognition, evaluation, care, stabilization, and disposition of patients. May direct emergency medical staff in an emergency department.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"teaching assistant, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25904400 1_1_8h2udomx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Malignant rhabdoid tumor of liver'?","A. A highly aggressive, extremely rare neoplasm of the kidney that is usually seen in children. The term rhabdoid is used because the tumor cells resemble rhabdomyoblasts but lack myogenic markers, and pathologic diagnosis requires familiarity with these microscopic features plus awareness that adult onset is possible. It can be associated with abnormalities of chromosome 22. It is characterized by the presence of cells with a large eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and abundant cytoplasm. B. A malginant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) originating in the liver. MRT are best characterized by the presence of round or polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, typical eosinophilic perinuclear inclusions, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin and epithelial markers and lack of staining for S-100, myoglobin and desmin are commonly found, but are non-specific. C. A rare and aggressive neoplasms developing mainly in the kidney but also in cerebral and extra-cerebral tissues and rarely in the heart. Histologically, rhabdoid renal and extrarenal tumors share common characteristics. The cells are polygonal, with eccentric, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. The tumors have an infiltrative growth pattern, necrosis, and high proliferative index. The immunohistochemistry tools of investigation facilitate differential diagnosis by showing loss of INI-1 expression, usually accompanied by germline mutations of the SMARCB1 gene. When INI-1 is still expressed in the affected tissues, a rhabdoid tumor with SMARCA4 mutations should be considered. D. A highly aggressive, extremely rare neoplasm of the ovary that is usually seen in children. The term rhabdoid is used because the tumor cells resemble rhabdomyoblasts but lack myogenic markers.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Malignant rhabdoid tumor of liver,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034561 1_1_avcbh0d6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'social behavior'?","A. Behavior having interpersonal processes as parts, each involving the same instances of human being. B. Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. C. The process of forcing a substance into another organism, either by penetrating the skin of the other organism or by applying the substance externally to a sensitive tissue such as those that surround the eyes. D. A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,social behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035176 1_1_2gprqggt,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypopigmentation of eyelid'?","A. A pigmentation disease characterized by velvety, darkening of the skin usually in intertriginous areas. B. A pigmentation disease characterized by a high level of bilirubin in the blood, causing a yellowing of the skin and other tissues of a newborn infant. C. A pigmentation disease that is characterized by loss of pigmentation of the eyelid and has_symptom white or light macules or patches on the eyelid, and has_material_basis_in autoimmune conditions like vitiligo, chronic inflammation, malignancy, or exposure to destructive substances. D. A pigmentation disease characterized by reticulate hyper- and hypo-pigmentated macules in a generalized distribution.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypopigmentation of eyelid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11668 1_1_rpcbeacf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '11H-benzo[a]fluoren-11-ylacetic acid'?","A. An (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid ascaroside that is ascr#28 in which the pro-R hydrogen that is beta to the carboxy group is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a metabolite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. B. A carbotetracyclic compound that is 11H-benzo[a]fluorene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 11. C. A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is 1H-indol-3-ylacetic acid substituted by a 3-methoxyphenyl group at position 5. It is a synthetic auxin which binds to the modified TIR1 receptor protein. D. A fatty acid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,11H-benzo[a]fluoren-11-ylacetic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_174614 1_1_6lewiijn,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Semolina yellow pigment content'?","A. Is the result of dividing sedimentation volume by flour protein content. B. Indication of the amount of sprout damage that has occurred within a wheat sample. falling number value of 350 seconds or longer indicates a low enzyme activity and very sound wheat quality. as the amount of enzyme activity increases, the falling number decreases. Values below 200 seconds indicate high levels of enzyme activity. C. Semolina yellow pigment content due to the presence of xanthophyll and other related compounds. D. Width of whole grain.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Semolina yellow pigment content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000674 1_1_rsipdyl6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'LY - Measurement'?","A. Standard method for the total Calcium (Ca) content measured in a given volume of root extract B. Standard method for seed cysteine content C. Standard method for the total magnesium (Mg) content measured in a given volume of petiole extract D. Lint yield (g/plant)",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,LY - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000496 1_1_od60e9fa,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.15 fifteen nodes or internodes visible stage'?","A. The stage at which fifteen nodes or fifteen internodes are visible. B. The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible. C. The stage at which the flag leaf is visible. D. The stage at which one node or one internode is visible.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.15 fifteen nodes or internodes visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007074 1_1_rqyyxdox,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'X-phemism'?","A. Attraction toward elderly women. B. The use of a derogatory, offensive or vulgar word or phrase to replace a (more) neutral original. C. Dysphemistic terms which hold different meanings in different cultures. D. Phrases that are euphemisms in certain contexts can be considered dysphemistic in others",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,X-phemism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004002 1_1_wow25rnt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rail yard engineer, dinkey operator, or hostler'?","A. Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. B. Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location. C. Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also include keeping necessary records and completed forms. D. Park vehicles or issue tickets for customers in a parking lot or garage. May park or tend vehicles in environments such as a car dealership or rental car facility. May collect fee.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"rail yard engineer, dinkey operator, or hostler",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53401300 1_1_9i36gat9,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legal value'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:LegalValueTable B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept either in concept scheme eli:AdministrativeAreaTable or in concept scheme https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/atu (Administrative Territorial Unit table published of the EU Publications Office). C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:SubdivisionTypeTable D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:MediaTypeTable.",A,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Legal value,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#LegalValue 1_1_fedd6ar2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Small intestine'?","A. Organ with organ cavity, which consists of an arborizing set of tubular organ parts, the walls of which are continuous and surround a continuous lumen. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), tracheobronchial tree, biliary tree. B. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is proximally continuous_with some small intestine; distally continuous_with some anal canal. Examples: There is only one stomach. C. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is proximally continuous_with some stomach; distally continuous_with some large intestine. Examples: There is only one stomach. D. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which is connected to some optic nerve. Examples: There are only two eyeballs, the right and the left eyeballs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Small intestine,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7200 1_1_gpwh3tu6,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Minigame'?","A. Minigame achievement describes success in mini-games that have been included in a certain game but are not vital for completing the game. An example could be to complete all the Pizza deliveries in GTA minigame or gaining over 100 dollars while playing poker in Red Dead Redemption. B. Completion type of achievement is usually rewarded from successfully completing a certain goal or subgoal in a game. An example of Completion would be to save a princess from a burning tower or completing all side-quests in a game. C. SpecialPlayStyle achievement is awarded to players after playing a game in special fashion. Often this is something harder than the regular play and requires more player experience to excel in it. An example of SpecialPlayStyle could be to complete a game without any violence or against a timer. D. Multiplayer achievement describes anything that can be awarded to one or multiple players due to their gameplay in multiplayer. For example, this could be winning 10 Team Fortress matches in a row with the same team or getting killed ten times in a row in Counter-Strike.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Minigame,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Minigame 1_1_9p2bglie,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathRender'?","A. COPA is a method to find genes that undergo recurrent fusion in a given cancer type by finding pairs of genes that have mutually exclusive outlier profiles. B. Tools for meta-analysis in the presence of hierarchical (and/or sampling) dependence, including with gene expression studies C. The iterative Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) algorithm is a variable selection and classification algorithm with an application of classifying 2-class microarray samples, as described in Yeung, Bumgarner and Raftery (Bioinformatics 2005, 21: 2394-2402). D. build graphs from pathway databases, render them by Rgraphviz",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathRender,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000649 1_1_ybag1935,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lodicule primordia visible stage'?","A. Stage of lodicule development that begins when the lodicule primordia arise. B. Stage of lodicule development defined by differentiation and expansion of lodicule. C. Stage of lodicule development when lodicule is fully expanded. D. A phyllome development stage that has as a primary participant a lodicule .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lodicule primordia visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001072 1_1_74r5r09v,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'eosinophilic meningitis'?","A. A Friedreich ataxia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the 9p23-p11 chromosome region. B. A pyrimidine metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in the degradation of uracil and thymine resulting in elevated levels of 5,6-dihydrouracil and 5,6-dihydrothymine in urine that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DPYS gene on chromosome 8q22.3. C. A syndrome characterized by craniofacial and digital abnormalities, mild to severe congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and variable learning difficulties that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the GPC4 gene on chromosome Xq26.2. D. A chronic meningitis that is characterized by the presence of 10 or more eosinophils/microL in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or a CSF eosinophilia of at least 10 percent. Symptoms of this condition range from mild headache to severe, throbbing headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fever, neck stiffness, paresthesia, and stabbing pain in the trunk and limbs aggravated by touch.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,eosinophilic meningitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10361 1_1_zxnrz439,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'noradrenergic neuron development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuromast hair cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuromast hair cell is a hair cell that acts as a sensory receptor of the neuromast; it is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a noradrenergic neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,noradrenergic neuron development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003358 1_1_81ildzgo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive osteopetrosis 2'?","A. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TNFRSF11A gene on chromosome 18q21. B. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CLCN7 gene on chromosome 16p13. C. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TNFSF11 gene on chromosome 13q14. D. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TCIRG1 gene on chromosome 11q13.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive osteopetrosis 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110943 1_1_azqzxp2e,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis. B. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation. D. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) that are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000497 1_1_6sojvnmc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulvinus'?","A. A cup- or tube-shaped cardinal organ part, bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary. B. A cardinal organ part that is the part of a plant axis where a radicle joins a hypocotyl . C. A cardinal organ part that is part of a phyllome lamina and is completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins and cannot be divided into any smaller parts that are completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins. D. A cardinal organ part at the apex or base of a petiole, petiolule, leaf sheath, or branch that is differentiated from the remaining organ parts by its enlarged cross section.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pulvinus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009000 1_1_r8a7f4py,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'inhibitor'?","A. A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. B. A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. C. A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. D. A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222 1_1_ujm1xcpp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'research study'?","A. A research activity that forms part of a research study that aims to influence an outcome. B. A research activity that involves taking a measurement after the start of an intervention or research activity. C. A planned process that executes some study design or protocol to generate scientific data that is interpreted to test or generate a hypothesis. D. A research activity that aims to ensure that study participants in an interventional research study have as little information as possible about which of two or more interventions they are to experience.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,research study,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SEPIO_0000125 1_1_0bik1ou8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'remote sensing scientists or technologist'?","A. Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical techniques, or new applications for existing systems. B. Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles. C. Instruct and advise individuals and families engaged in agriculture, agricultural-related processes, or home management activities. Demonstrate procedures and apply research findings to advance agricultural and home management activities. May develop educational outreach programs. May instruct on either agricultural issues such as agricultural processes and techniques, pest management, and food safety, or on home management issues such as budgeting, nutrition, and child development. D. Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. May study topics, such as public opinion, political decisionmaking, and ideology. May analyze the structure and operation of governments, as well as various political entities. May conduct public opinion surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,remote sensing scientists or technologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19209901 1_1_2rrk5nbs,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Childhood-onset truncal obesity'?","A. Truncal obesity with onset during childhood, defined as between 2 and 10 years of age. B. A renal tubule is a tube that filters, re-absorbs and secretes substances to rid an organism of waste and to play a role in fluid homeostasis. C. Obesity located preferentially in the trunk of the body as opposed to the extremities. D. An abnormality of a pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Childhood-onset truncal obesity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008915 1_1_ji9xsttf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'deep cell layer (gastrulation)'?","A. The precursor of the urethra. B. Nephric tubules (nephrons) form embryonically along the nephric ridge. The ridge comprises three regions; anterior, middle and posterior. The functional kidney uses nephrons from only one or two regions of the ridge. A pronephric kidney uses only the nephrons from the anterior region of the ridge. A mesonephric kidney uses only the middle region, a metanephric kidney uses only the posterior region and an opisthonephric kidney uses the middle and posterior regions. C. A multilayer of deep cells of fairly uniform thickness that forms during early epiboly (at dome stage; upon conversion of the blastodisc to the blastoderm); during gastrulation the DEL (deep cell layer) gives rise to the epiblast and hypoblast. Kimmel et al, 1995. D. A mass of cells that develop into the body of the embryo and some extraembryonic tissues.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,deep cell layer (gastrulation),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000711 1_1_muvrxak9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'digestive system duct'?","A. The duct of a salivary gland. B. A duct that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. C. A duct made up of simple tubular epithelium that is part of an eccrine sweat gland. The main function of the duct of the eccrine sweat gland is the reabsorption of Na and Cl ions as sweat flows through the duct. It has two cell layers: basal and luminal. It is continuous with the secretory coil and goes towards the skin surface. The distal segment of the duct is relatively straight and connects with the acrosyringium in the epidermis. Most of the ion reabsorption occurs in the proximal part of the duct. D. A tubular structure that transports secreted or excreted substances.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,digestive system duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003928 1_1_i7ksojgr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'court reporter or simultaneous captioner'?","A. Investigate and inspect persons, common carriers, goods, and merchandise, arriving in or departing from the United States or between states to detect violations of immigration and customs laws and regulations. B. Design or configure wired, wireless, and satellite communications systems for voice, video, and data services. Supervise installation, service, and maintenance. C. Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers. D. Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,court reporter or simultaneous captioner,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27309200 1_1_ff323kfp,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'heavenly virtue'?","A. One of the seven virtues and is understood by Thomas Aquinas as ""the friendship of man for God"", which ""unites us to God"". The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines ""charity"" as ""the theological virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God"". B. One of the seven heavenly virtues. Diligent behavior is indicative of a work ethic; a belief that work is good in itself. Diligence is carefulness and persistent effort or work. C. The traditional four classical cardinal virtues combined with the three theological virtues (faith, hope, and clarity) adopted by the Church Fathers. D. A group of thirteen virtues listed by Benjamin Franklin in his autobiography.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,heavenly virtue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003686 1_1_jj3hdt6g,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission'?","A. The coexistences of 2 or more primary acid-base disorders in the same patient B. A benign condition in which there is a higher-than-normal level of a protein called m protein in the blood. C. An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system. D. An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow; no remission",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute lymphoblastic leukemia not having achieved remission,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000553 1_1_4ocpyev5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'adult patient aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder'?","A. A disease in which tobacco use is a significant risk factor. B. An adult who has received and diagnosis of opioid use disorder C. An older person who has a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder. D. An adult with a diagnosis of an opioid use disorder that is currently a patient.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,adult patient aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of opioid use disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001052 1_1_qjchy1yg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Median umbilical ligament'?","A. Vestigial developmental structure, each instance of which is a fibrous cord, the remains of some obliterated urachus, extending from some urinary bladder to some umbilicus; it is covered by some parietal peritoneum and produces some median umbilical fold. B. Anatomical point of skull located at most lateral point on parietal region of head. C. Anatomical surface which, as an imaginary plane, bisects an anatomical structure or an anatomical space. Examples: craniocervical plane, plane of pelvic inlet, temporal plane. D. Anatomical structure, each instance of which is a remnant of some embryonic structure in the postnatal period. Examples: median umbilical ligament, paroohoron, prostatic utricle, ligamentum arteriosum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Median umbilical ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma16568 1_1_u8oy1gzq,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'circumscissile capsule fruit'?","A. A fruit which develops from a gynoecium and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp , dry mesocarp , and dry endocarp that usually dehisce. B. A capsule fruit which dehisces through a fruit septa . C. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through both the fruit septa and the fruit locules . D. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through the release of a fruit operculum .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,circumscissile capsule fruit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030096 1_1_fer3tv2q,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'glume awn'?","A. An awn that is part of a lemma. B. An awn that is part of a palea. C. A cardinal organ part that is a slender, more or less straight and stiff, fine-pointed, terminal or subterminal appendage of a glume, lemma, or palea. D. An awn that is part of a glume.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,glume awn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025351 1_1_2c02y57y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesonephric tubule'?","A. An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. B. A mesonephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephric nephron, the functional part of the mesonephros[GO]. C. Muscular duct that propels urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, or related organs. D. A mesonephric tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the mesonephros[GO]. Genital ridge that is next to the mesonephros[WP].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mesonephric tubule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000083 1_1_ywr5cih8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phospholipid-translocating ATPase complex'?","A. A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. B. A protein complex responsible for transporting proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. An example of this complex is Pex14 found in S. cerevisae which has 9 core components and 12 transient interaction partners. C. A protein complex that functions as a phospholipid-translocating P-Type ATPase. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Cdc50p and Drs2p proteins, and is involved in the trafficking of transport vesicles between the late Golgi and the early endosome. D. Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phospholipid-translocating ATPase complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990531 1_1_39lbixwr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'neonatal intensive care unit facility'?","A. An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide surgical services for critically ill patients. B. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive neonatal medical care. C. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric intensive care. D. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive medical care.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,neonatal intensive care unit facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501160 1_1_s9twek56,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'rMAT'?","A. This package allows to detect and correct for spatial and intensity biases with two-channel microarray data. The normalization method implemented in this package is based on robust neural networks fitting. B. R implementation from MAT program to normalize and analyze tiling arrays and ChIP-chip data. C. A package that implements some simple capabilities for representing and manipulating hypergraphs. D. The PLIER (Probe Logarithmic Error Intensity Estimate) method produces an improved signal by accounting for experimentally observed patterns in probe behavior and handling error at the appropriately at low and high signal values.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,rMAT,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000678 1_1_vtq711en,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pollen tube cell'?","A. A native plant cell that develops from a microgametophyte vegetative cell and forms a tubular extension of the pollen . B. A native plant cell that has half the chromosome complement of the sporophyte and is capable of fertilization to create a plant zygote . C. A native plant cell that develops from the archegonium central cell , and lies at the base of the archegonium neck , above the archegonium egg cell in the venter . D. A native plant cell located at the base of a non-vascular leaf adjacent to where the leaf attaches to the stem .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pollen tube cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025195 1_1_yqg9osk3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'duct of bulbourethral gland'?","A. Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. B. A metanephric nephron is the functional unit of the metanephros[GO]. C. The constricted portion of the urinary bladder, formed by the meeting of its inferolateral surfaces proximal to the opening of the urethra[MP]. D. A duct that is part of a bulbo-urethral gland.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,duct of bulbourethral gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010151 1_1_lag8tetd,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to Brown ring rot'?","A. Observe the reaction to Foot rot and rate it B. Observe the reaction to Brown ring rot and rate it C. Observe the color of the vine node and rate it D. Observe the reaction to Wire worms and rate it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to Brown ring rot,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000489 1_1_lu89tyen,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete MantelCorr'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete MantelCorr,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000288 1_1_nz4i280q,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp6S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc6S'?","A. A heparin tetradecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-3,6-di-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUA2S-[-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S-]4-GlcNS6S-IdoA-GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S. B. An oligosaccharide sulfate consisting of 3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose and -2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose residues joined by a (1->4) glycosidic bond. C. An amino disaccharide that consists of N-acetyl-6-O-sulfo-beta-D-glucosamine having a 6-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 4. D. An amino disaccharide consisting of beta-D-glucose linked via a (1->3)-glycosidic bond to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp6S-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc6S,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65183 1_1_0qfwgme7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome lamina areole'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is the central column of a plant axis that consists of the primary vascular tissue and associated ground tissue. B. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a laminar portion of a leaf sheath and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. C. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a plant organ and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. D. A cardinal organ part that is part of a phyllome lamina and is completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins and cannot be divided into any smaller parts that are completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome lamina areole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025391 1_1_y261kxwc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone 13a of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical anterior zone 2 of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 7 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. B. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical anteroseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 13 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the basal anterior, basal anteroseptal, inferoseptal zones, the mid anterior, anteroseptal and inferoseptal zones, the apical anterior and septal zones and the apex zone of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 14 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone 13a of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma87221 1_1_1f3lsmrw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'crustal fluid'?","A. Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. B. Fluid environmental material which is present in the continental crust and dictates the nature and extent of crustal deformation. C. A fluid environmental material which is contained in geologic formations naturally. D. A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,crustal fluid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600082 1_1_98hs9q4r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'coma'?","A. Coughing or spitting up blood from the respiratory tract. B. A cough that lasts for at least eight weeks. Usually just a minor annoyance C. A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. D. Examples: fever >38 degrees c or hypothermia <36 degrees c; tachycardia >90 beat/minute; tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) leukocytosis >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,coma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000428 1_1_k447z84h,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant cutis laxa 2'?","A. A cutis laxa characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of skin that is loose, hanging, wrinkled and lacking in elasticity. B. An autosomal dominant cutis laxa characterized by thin skin with visible veins and wrinkles, cataract or corneal clouding, clenched fingers, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, moderate intellectual disability, and a combination of muscle hypotonia with brisk muscle reflexes that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ALDH18A1 gene on chromosome 10q24. C. An autosomal dominant cutis laxa that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FBLN5 gene on chromosome 14q32. D. An autosomal dominant cutis laxa that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutations in the ELN gene on chromosome 7q11.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant cutis laxa 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070136 1_1_z57zc2bx,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'camera operator, television, video, or film'?","A. Enforce fire regulations, inspect forest for fire hazards, and recommend forest fire prevention or control measures. May report forest fires and weather conditions. B. Operate television, video, or film camera to record images or scenes for television, video, or film productions. C. Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room. D. Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"camera operator, television, video, or film",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27403100 1_1_u65fvto4,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Liability_Right'?","A. The negation of a directed obligation is a directed permission. However, it counts as a right, namely, a permissive right, only when such negation is aimed at benefitting the author of the permitted action. B. A right is the legal or moral entitlement to do or refrain from doing something or to obtain or refrain from obtaining an action, thing or recogition in civil society. C. A liability right expresses some right to act that brings with it some liability to perform another (compensating) act. For instance, if some k performs the permitted action A, then k will have to perform another action B for the benefit of j. D. Directed obligative ought-to-do are also called obligative rights. k has the obligative right that j does A iff it is obligatory, toward k, that j does A. An example of obligative right is “it is obligatory, toward Mary, that Tom pays 1,000 euro to John”",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Liability_Right,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Liability_Right 1_1_zgd2iohy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Commercial use only'?","A. Permission required for commercial use is a clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource only to licensees who are commercial entites which have received explicit permission in the manner stipulated by the resource. B. Non-commercial use only is a usage restricted clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource only to licensees who are not commercial entites. C. Usage restricted is a usage clause which places restrictions on how the licensed resource may be used. These restrictions will vary according to the individual license. D. Commercial use only is a usage restricted clause which restricts the use of the licensed resource only to licensees who are commercial entites.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Commercial use only,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000136 1_1_qybhfx07,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervical gland'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. B. A cell projection of a podocyte (glomerular visceral epithelial cell) forming a foot-like structure projecting from a podocyte primary projection, that wraps around capillaries of a renal glomerulus. Adjacent feet (pedicels) interdigitate, leaving thin filtration slits between them, which are covered by slit diaphragms. C. The mucous secreting gland associated with the mucuous membrane lining the uterus. D. Mucus-secreting glands in the mucosa of the uterine cervix.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cervical gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012247 1_1_sc5eihzl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'compound cincinnus inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis and pedicellate flowers on paired, determinate higher order inflorescence axes . B. An inflorescence with sympodial and monopodial growth habits, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers , with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axes of the second order inflorescences . C. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers , with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis. D. An inflorescence with both monopodial and sympodial growth habits, which at flowering stage , is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis , and determinate higher order inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers that collectively form a convex plane of flowers.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,compound cincinnus inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030133 1_1_tsq0d6oj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'apocrine cell'?","A. An epithelial cell that is part of a sebaceous gland. This cell produces and secretes sebum, an oily, lipid-rich substance, through holocrine secretion where the entire cell ruptures to release its contents. B. Glandular cell of salivary gland. Example: Serous cells, mucous cells, cuboidal epithelial cells of the intercalated ducts, simple cuboidal epithelium of the striated ducts, epithelial cells of excretory ducts. C. An exocrine cell characterized by loss of part of the cytoplasm during the process of secretion. The secreted substance is accumulated at the apical end and is either budded off through the plasma membrane producing secreted vesicles or dissolved in the cytoplasm that is lost during secretion. D. An epithelial cell of the stomach that is part of the fundic gastric gland. This cell is characterized by its pyramidal shape, abundant mitochondria, and a complex network of secretory canaliculi lined with microvilli. It secretes hydrochloric acid into the stomach lumen and produces intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,apocrine cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000033 1_1_cja0uot3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'histamine secretion by platelet'?","A. The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets. B. Any process, occurring in a cell, that localizes a substance or cellular component. This may occur via movement, tethering or selective degradation. C. The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. D. Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,histamine secretion by platelet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002555 1_1_ro7eilyy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (human)'?","A. A T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. An L-selectin that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A paired box protein Pax-6 that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor that is encoded in the genome of human.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P07333 1_1_nl36efed,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'durisol'?","A. Soil which is located in a mangrove biome. B. Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. C. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. D. Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,durisol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002238 1_1_z7m99hn4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant primary microcephaly'?","A. A primary microcephaly that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the WDFY3 gene on chromosome 4q21. B. A microcephaly characterized by microcephaly present at birth, where the brain is small but has normal architecture, and nonprogressive mental retardation. C. A primary microcephaly characterized by microcephaly present at birth, where the brain is small but has normal architecture, and nonprogressive mental retardation that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation. D. A primary microcephaly characterized by microcephaly present at birth, where the brain is small but has normal architecture, and nonprogressive mental retardation that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant primary microcephaly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0061100 1_1_c7mjwp2e,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fungi-associated environment'?","A. An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead fungus. B. An environment determined by the presence of a mushroom. C. An environmental system determined by a fungal structure. D. An environment which is determined by a bone element.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,fungi-associated environment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001041 1_1_huswp4o9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'common sense climate index'?","A. The Common Sense Climate Index is a simple measure of the degree (if any) to which practical climate change is occurring. The index is a composite of several everyday climate indicators. It is expected to have positive values when warming occurs and negative values for cooling. If the Index reaches and consistently maintains a value of 1 or more, the climate change should be noticeable to most people who have lived at that location for a few decades. B. Nucleation is the extremely localized budding of a distinct thermodynamic phase. Some examples of phases that may form via nucleation in liquids are gaseous bubbles, crystals, or glassy regions. C. The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C. D. An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,common sense climate index,http://sweetontology.net/propIndex/CommonSenseClimateIndex 1_1_j359qiwz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'elaiosome'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and has as parts a cambium and adjacent cells. B. A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit. C. A cup- or tube-shaped cardinal organ part, bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary. D. A cardinal organ part that is an angular projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,elaiosome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020062 1_1_o91m8z1b,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'extrarenal uremia'?","A. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease B. Uremia resulting not from primary renal disease but from disturbances in circulation, fluid balance, or metabolism arising in other parts of the body. C. Abnormal findings on diagnostic imaging of lung D. this abnormal level indicates damage to the liver",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,extrarenal uremia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000537 1_1_mf0fto9i,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'turanose'?","A. A glycosylfructose isolated from Daphnia magna. B. A glycosylfructose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue joined to D-fructopyranose via a (1->5)-linkage. An isomer of sucrose. C. A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane. D. A glycosylfructose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residue joined to beta-D-fructofuranose via a (1->4)-linkage.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,turanose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32528 1_1_tulawrfl,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Enabling_Power'?","A. A hohfeldian power covers any action which determines a legal effect. B. A potestative right is an enabling power which is meant to benefit the holder of the power. For example, if some animal y does not belong to anybody, then x has the potestative-right to start x’s ownership of the animal, by capturing y. C. An enabling power is used in cases where the law aims at enabling some agent to produce an effect in a particular way. D. A declarative power covers the case when an effect is produced through the party’s declaration of it",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Enabling_Power,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Enabling_Power 1_1_tm8vwvh7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'acariform'?","A. An order of Acari comprising over 15,000 described species in around 230 families. B. The autonym for a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples in what are now Canada and the United States. These include the Odawa, Saulteaux, Ojibwe (including Mississaugas), Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and Algonquin peoples. The Anishinaabe speak Anishinaabemowin, or Anishinaabe languages that belong to the Algonquian language family. They historically lived in the Northeast Woodlands and Subarctic. C. Organisms which span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic evidence suggests are not closely related. The Parasitiformes include ticks, which are sometimes semantically distinguished from mites. D. The most diverse of the two superorders of mites. Over 32,000 described species are found in 351 families, with an estimated total of 440,000 to 929,000 species, including undescribed species.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,acariform,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/6946 1_1_n0zapyk4,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other'?","A. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico B. Role-Playing Game C. The genre of the videogame D. Game concieved as an outsider from the schemes that we profiled as the most classic",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Other,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Other 1_1_x03uq26x,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ChipReader 3.1'?","A. BlueFuse for Microarrays is a powerful software solution for the analysis of microarray expression and arrayCGH experiments. Operation is simple and fully automated, saving time, removing operator error and subjectivity and ensuring experimental reproducibility. B. Versarray ChipReader systems are highly sensitive laser confocal systems designed for rapid imaging of microarrays. These are advanced scanners that meet your expectations, differentiating between a spot response and background level, and optimizing the signal on the bottom as well as the top end of the range for increased sensitivity. Results with versarray chipreader systems have a low background, enhanced weak signal detection, and virtually no photobleaching for a long dye lifetime. C. SWATH is the only data independent acquisition (DIA) technique that allows comprehensive detection and quantitation of virtually every detectable compound in a sample (MS/MSALL). This provides confidence in your quantitative results and virtually eliminates the risk of missing a critical component. SWATH Acquisition strategy can only be achieved through the power and speed of SCIEX TripleTOF® and QTOF technology. D. Statistical methods for identifying differentially expressed genes in replicated cDNA microarray experiments.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ChipReader 3.1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100064 1_1_zfojboqg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Skin'?","A. Nonparenchymatous organ which consists primarily of cartilage tissue. Examples: Costal cartilage, cricoid cartilage, cartilage of external ear. B. Solid organ which consists of organ parts that are arranged as fascicles or sheets. Examples: muscle organ, ligament organ, membrane organ, skin, viscerocranial mucosa. C. Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the epidermis, dermis and sets of hair and nails and which surrounds the entire body. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin. D. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Skin,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7163 1_1_4fd579h7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'extraglomerular mesangial cell'?","A. Small ridge on the lateral aspect of the radial shaft, located at the level of the collum antibrachii. B. A cell that is a specialized type of pericyte providing structural support for the capillary loops of kidney. A flat, elongated cell with extensive fine cytoplasmic processes found outside the kidney glomerulus near the macula densa and bound laterally by afferent and efferent arterioles. Being phagocytic, this cell participates in the continuous turnover of the basal lamina by removing its outer portion containing residues of filtration, while the lamina is renewed on its inner surface by the endothelial cells. C. A deep evacuation in the bone, into which the anconeal process of the ulna passes when the elbow joint is extended. D. An epithelial cell of the placenta.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,extraglomerular mesangial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002173 1_1_3yz8p8o3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute vascular disorders of intestine'?","A. Infective endocarditis is a form of endocarditis. It is an inflammation of the inner tissues of the heart, the endocardium (such as its valves) B. Subacute bacterial endocarditis is a type of endocarditis (more specifically, infective endocarditis). Subacute bacterial endocarditis can be considered a form of type III hypersensitivity. C. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is an acute form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells, characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of cancerous, immature white blood cells, known as lymphoblasts. D. omental infarction, or omental torsion, is an acute vascular disorder which compromises tissue of the greater omentum – the largest peritoneal fold in the abdomen.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Acute vascular disorders of intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000021 1_1_3s4lr2ji,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superior anastomotic vein'?","A. Superficial cerebral vein, each instnce of which is a tributary of some cavernous sinus and drains some frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. B. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the medial and superolateral region of some cerebral hemispheres and empties into some superior sagittal sinus. C. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which interconnects some middle cerebral vein and some superior sagittal sinus. D. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the inferior aspect of some cerebral cortex to some adjacent sinuses.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Superior anastomotic vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma51238 1_1_h7d2nlng,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'armored assault vehicle officer'?","A. Direct the operation of tanks, light armor, and amphibious assault vehicle units during combat situations on land or in aquatic environments. Duties include directing crew members in the operation of targeting and firing systems; coordinating the operation of advanced onboard communications and navigation equipment; directing the transport of personnel and equipment during combat; formulating and implementing battle plans, including the tactical employment of armored vehicle units; and coordinating with infantry, artillery, and air support units. B. Plan and direct the operation and maintenance of catapults, arresting gear, and associated mechanical, hydraulic, and control systems involved primarily in aircraft carrier takeoff and landing operations. Duties include supervision of readiness and safety of arresting gear, launching equipment, barricades, and visual landing aid systems; planning and coordinating the design, development, and testing of launch and recovery systems; preparing specifications for catapult and arresting gear installations; evaluating design proposals; determining handling equipment needed for new aircraft; preparing technical data and instructions for operation of landing aids; and training personnel in carrier takeoff and landing procedures. C. Direct, train, and lead infantry units in ground combat operations. Duties include directing deployment of infantry weapons, vehicles, and equipment; directing location, construction, and camouflage of infantry positions and equipment; managing field communications operations; coordinating with armor, artillery, and air support units; performing strategic and tactical planning, including battle plan development; and leading basic reconnaissance operations. D. Perform and direct in-flight duties to ensure the successful completion of combat, reconnaissance, transport, and search and rescue missions. Duties include operating aircraft communications and radar equipment, such as establishing satellite linkages and jamming enemy communications capabilities; operating aircraft weapons and defensive systems; conducting preflight, in-flight, and postflight inspections of onboard equipment; and directing cargo and personnel drops.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,armored assault vehicle officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55101300 1_1_prhbrc25,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenteric preadipocyte'?","A. A paired muscle in the superficial layers of the anterior portion of the neck. It acts to flex and rotate the head. It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck. [WP,unvetted]. B. A preadipocyte found in mesenteric tissue. C. A circular muscle layer of muscular coat that is part of a esophagus. D. A jaw muscle that arises from cranial mesenchyme and is innervated by cranial nerves.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mesenteric preadipocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002578 1_1_o8iw3l9r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'generalized anxiety disorder'?","A. feelings of stress or fear that the patient cannot understand B. this code must be sequenced as the second code, since it specifies that the disease has dementia in other diseases C. effects a persons mental health and emotional state D. feelings of severe despondency and dejection, a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,generalized anxiety disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000508 1_1_3q76ug0l,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'convective condensation level'?","A. Level at which water vapor to condense B. On a thermodynamic diagram, the point of intersection of a sounding curve (representing the vertical distribution of temperature in an atmospheric column) with the saturation mixing ratio line corresponding to the average mixing ratio in the surface layer. C. A type of matrix consisting of un-recrystallized detrital clayey lutum (clay fraction, less than 2 micron) in weakly consolidated rocks. D. The net slip of the fault lies in the dip direction of the fault",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,convective condensation level,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoWeather/ConvectiveCondensationLevel 1_1_84b63u7q,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Termination observation'?","A. Visuall assessment of the leaves eaten up by chewing insects B. Take note of the date when 50% of plants are twining C. Observe tapering of stem tip and presence or absence of terminal raceme. D. Visual assessment of pod opening 2weeks after harvest",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Termination observation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_336:0000124 1_1_968z5uer,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'unconsolidated earth material'?","A. An amount of rock is an 'earth material' that is a naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, homogeneous chemical compound with a crystalline structure. B. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'. C. Unconsolidated earth material is an 'earth material' that is consituted by an aggregate of solid particles but is not consolidated into a 'rock' it self. D. Earth fluid is an 'earth material' that is fluild.",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,unconsolidated earth material,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000010 1_1_dlflrou5,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of immune system process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of immune system process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002684 1_1_0l4f9cbw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'nortada'?","A. A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat. B. Strong straight-line winds associated with nontornadic outflow from strong thunderstorms. C. A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines. D. Dry squalls that occur at night in southwest Africa and the Congo. It is likely that this term is loosely applied to other diurnal local winds such as mountain wind, land breeze, midnight wind, etc.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,nortada,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Nortada 1_1_eojaxj5a,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic lower respiratory diseases'?","A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow. B. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm. C. Mucoid sputum production characterizes simple chronic bronchitis. Persistent or recurrent purulent sputum production in the absence of localized suppurative disease, such as bronchiectasis, characterizes chronic mucopurulent bronchitis D. chronic infection of lower respiratory tract",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic lower respiratory diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000192 1_1_q0qi60qx,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of users clause'?","A. An Attribution clause is a license clause intended to provide a specified level of recognition of the licensor as the copyright holder of the work. This can take many forms, including the requirement to preserve any copyright notice, attribution statements and the URL (link) to the original work. The attribution requirement thus serves the dual purpose of ensuring that the publisher receives appropriate credit, and that provenance information is kept intact. There are varying strengths of these clauses, from licensors requesting not to be attributed at all to requiring attribution for all uses of the resource. B. A Number of users restricted clause is a number of users clause which restricts the number of users the resource may have for a particular licensee. This may be number of total users, or number of concurrent users. C. A Number of users clause is a license clause which may limit the number of users a particular licensee may allow to use the resource. D. A source code clause is a license clause which states the restrictions placed on the source code for the licensed software, if any. The license for a piece of software may or may not allow access to the source code. If such access is allowed, usage may be restricted in a variety of ways.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Number of users clause,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000011 1_1_xguc9uq6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuron projection guidance'?","A. The process in which the migration of a neuron projection is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. B. The progression of an axon over time. Covers axonogenesis (de novo generation of an axon) and axon regeneration (regrowth), as well as processes pertaining to the progression of the axon over time (fasciculation and defasciculation). C. The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. D. The process in which the migration of a dendrite is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,neuron projection guidance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097485 1_1_hxv3d1ka,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Boiled potato green vegetable aroma'?","A. Distinct aroma of cooked potato B. Distinct aroma of root drops such as cassava, sweet potato and climbing yam (balugu) C. Distinct aroma of vegetables such as amaranth and beet root D. Distinct aroma of cooked carrot",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Boiled potato green vegetable aroma,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000910 1_1_gneq6l93,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 3.4.21.36 (pancreatic elastase) inhibitor'?","A. An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of pancreatic elastase (EC 3.4.21.36). B. Any EC 3.4.* (hydrolases acting on peptide bond) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a serine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.*). C. An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of peptidase K (EC 3.4.21.64). D. An EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the activity of leukocyte elastase (EC 3.4.21.37).",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,EC 3.4.21.36 (pancreatic elastase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_149639 1_1_mqlkbs1r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'gorge wind'?","A. A mesoscale wind maximum. It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of 100 km. Mesojets differ from planetary-scale jets, which can have length scales of several thousand kilometers, and synoptic-scale jets, which may have length scales of 1000? 2000 km and are commonly found in association with progressive synoptic-scale troughs and ridges. Larger mesojets may also sometimes be known as jet streaks. Mesojets can form adjacent to prominent orographic features in association with terrain-channeled flow. Mesojets are also seen in association with organized mesocale convective systems as typified by the evaporatively driven rear-inflow jet commonly found behind active squall lines lines. Mesojets may also be found in conjunction with prominent lower-tropospheric stable layers where the airflow can become decoupled from the planetary boundary layer, especially at night. An exceptionally well organized lower-tropospheric mesojet extending over hundreds of kilometers might be known as a low-level jet. B. 1. A damp unpleasant wind that blows from the south in Madras (India). 2. A wind from the northeast at night in Sri Lanka. C. (Often contracted nor'wester.) A northwesterly wind (as Canterbury northwester). D. A gap wind or canyon wind through a gorge.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,gorge wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/GorgeWind 1_1_9innln7o,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell growth involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis'?","A. The growth of a chondrocyte, where growth contributes to the progression of the chondrocyte over time. B. The growth of an epithelial cell dependent on cycles of endoreplication, where growth contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule. C. Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. D. The process in which the primary ureteric bud grows along its axis dorsally toward the metanephric blastema.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cell growth involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061335 1_1_mpsdeqst,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified chronic gastritis'?","A. A chronic disorder characterized by reflux of the gastric and/or duodenal contents into the distal esophagus. It is usually caused by incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter. B. Abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen C. inflammation of the stomach lining D. Mucositis is painful inflammation or ulceration of the mucous membranes anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. Stomatitis (oral mucositis) refers to inflammation and ulceration that occur in the mouth.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified chronic gastritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000503 1_1_nuschnrf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nephron epithelium'?","A. The late distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and intercalated (IC) alpha and beta cells and is vasopressin-sensitive[GO]. B. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. C. The metanephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the metanephros[GO]. D. The nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nephron epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004211 1_1_4j8fv6oq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SMAP'?","A. The affy package contains functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The dependance to tkWidgets only concerns few convenience functions. 'affy' is fully functional without it. B. This package contains two main functions. The first is fdr.ma which takes normalized expression data array, experimental design and computes adjusted p-values It returns the fdr adjusted p-values and plots, according to the methods described in (Reiner, Yekutieli and Benjamini 2002). The second, is fdr.gui() which creates a simple graphic user interface to access fdr.ma C. Functions and data used in Balasubramanian, et al. (2004) D. Functions and classes for DNA copy number profiling of array-CGH data",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SMAP,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000385 1_1_nsqoyfod,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection'?","A. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs B. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes permanent damage to the lungs, making it hard to breathe C. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs D. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000195 1_1_emz0swhy,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dementia'?","A. A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. B. A dementia characterized by progressive neuronal loss predominantly involving the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain resulting in a gradual and progressive decline in behavior or language. C. A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. D. A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dementia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1307 1_1_i9kxv8tn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Temporal lobe'?","A. Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. B. Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe. C. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. D. Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Temporal lobe,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61825 1_1_wymuidau,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence'?","A. Tobacco smoking abstinence that lasts for a defined period of time. B. A process boundary that involves the end of a period of tobacco use. C. An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. D. Point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence that lasts for 7 days prior to a time point.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,point prevalence tobacco smoking abstinence,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000697 1_1_crkco45y,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Days to Heading - Computation'?","A. Calculate Thermal time to panicle inititation according to the Thermal Time from emergence to flag leaf ligulation (TTFL) using the linear formula proposed by Folliard et al. (2004) B. Calculate the water content of an organ based on the fresh weight and the dry weight (obtained after 72 hours at 60 °C) of a sample C. Compute number of days required from sowing to heading D. Calculate using the formula.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Days to Heading - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000639 1_1_4xx5ausc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Glosso-epiglottic fold'?","A. Subdivision of viscerocranial mucosa behind the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left salpingopharyngeal folds. B. Subdivision of viscerocranial mucosa in front of the opening pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left salpingopalatine folds. C. Ligament organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi which may be admixed with smooth muscle. Examples: ligament of liver, ovarian ligament. D. Subdivision of the viscerocranial mucosa which located between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue. Examples: median glosso-epiglottic fold, left lateral glosso-epiglottic fold.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Glosso-epiglottic fold,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55038 1_1_fv5izkk5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Synovial tendon sheath of extensor pollicis longus'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. B. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor policis longus muscle, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. C. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some flexor pollicis longus muscle, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. D. Synovial tendon sheath, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some hand.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Synovial tendon sheath of extensor pollicis longus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma40865 1_1_66csffms,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal late tubule'?","A. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney[GO]. B. A blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It is part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis. C. Portion of the renal tubule which is just posterior to the distal early tubule. D. A tube in the kidney that collect and transport urine.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,distal late tubule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2005292 1_1_o7lfxifu,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sieve tube'?","A. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from the procambium . B. A portion of phloem tissue that has as parts a series of sieve tube elements arranged end to end and interconnected through sieve plates. C. A portion of vascular tissue that has as parts sieve elements . D. A portion of phloem tissue that develops from a vascular cambium .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sieve tube,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025416 1_1_1afzjrw7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Storage root appearance -method NCSU'?","A. Observe the reaction to heat and rate it. The reaction is estimated by observing the appearance of plants in response to a hot season with night temperatures of more than 22°C B. Observe the reaction to Other insects and rate it C. Observe the predominant color of the storage root skin and rate it D. Observe the appearance of the storage root and rate it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Storage root appearance -method NCSU,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0002146 1_1_fkyitud4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial risk specialist'?","A. Devise methods to improve oil and gas extraction and production and determine the need for new or modified tool designs. Oversee drilling and offer technical advice. B. Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or registration required. C. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education. D. Analyze and measure exposure to credit and market risk threatening the assets, earning capacity, or economic state of an organization. May make recommendations to limit risk.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,financial risk specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13205400 1_1_nnibl4c3,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism. C. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044484 1_1_gksqw382,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visceral serous pericardium of ascending aorta'?","A. Region of visceral serous pericardium which is continuous posteroinferiorly with the epicardium of right atrium and is attached to the inferior vena cava.. B. Region of visceral serous pericardium which is attached to the pulmonary vein. C. Region of visceral serous pericardium which is attached to the myocardium of free wall of ventricle. D. Region of visceral serous pericardium which is continuous with the epicardium of left ventricle and is attached to the aorta.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Visceral serous pericardium of ascending aorta,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84741 1_1_js26wza6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'dip slip'?","A. The net slip of the fault lies in the dip direction of the fault B. A fault along which there is some separation parallel to the dip of the fault. C. change of state by state variable change D. A region of negative buoyancy below an existing level of free convection (LFC) where energy must be supplied to the parcel to maintain its ascent.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,dip slip,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/DipSlip 1_1_thv6e1bv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'microcirculatory vessel'?","A. A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. B. A vessel of the microcirculature, lying between the arterioles and venules; includes capillaries (blood and lymphatic), metarterioles and arteriovenous anastomoses. C. A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. D. Any of the smallest blood vessels where blood circulates within organ tissues. Microvessels include terminal arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules (but exclude lymphatic capillaries). Arterioles carry oxygenated blood to the capillaries, and blood flows out of the capillaries through venules into veins.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,microcirculatory vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010523 1_1_i186g33h,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'monocarboxylic acid'?","A. A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid. B. A carboxylic acid containing one or more amino groups. C. A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 and a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 3. D. An oxoacid containing a single carboxy group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,monocarboxylic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25384 1_1_w5921ggy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mediterranean savanna biome'?","A. A savanna biome which is subject to mediterranean climate patterns. B. A subtropical savanna which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. C. A mediterranean forest in which is in its climactic successional state. D. A subtropical grassland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mediterranean savanna biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000229 1_1_zukwq1n5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'road'?","A. A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. B. A small road, generally not paved. C. A road which is primarily composed of asphalt. D. An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,road,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000064 1_1_og2z5v9l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'floor sander or finisher'?","A. Scrape and sand wooden floors to smooth surfaces using floor scraper and floor sanding machine, and apply coats of finish. B. Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors. C. Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial establishments, such as hotels and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties may include making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming. D. Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,floor sander or finisher,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47204300 1_1_uf64vh1a,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->2)-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-Hepp-(1->2)-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-Hepp-(1->3)-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-Hepp-(1->5)-Kdo'?","A. A pentasaccharide comprised of galactose residues. B. A linear pentasaccharide consisting of a beta-D-galactose residue, three L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose residues and (at the reducing end) a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo) residue linked sequentially (1->2), (1->2), (1->3) and (1->5); the structure is that of the pentasaccharide epitope from Haemophilus influenzae MAHI 4. C. A branched pentasaccharide comprised of an alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannose tetrasaccharide chain, on to the non-reducing mannosyl residue of which is attached an abequosyl residue via a (1->3) linkage. D. A branched pentasaccharide consisting of alpha-L-rhamnose, alpha-D-galactose, alpha-D-mannose and alpha-L-rhamnose residues linked sequentially (1->3), (1->2) and (1->4), to the the mannose residue of which is also linked (1->3) an alpha-D-abequose residue; epitope of the O-antigen polysaccharide in Salmonella.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->2)-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-Hepp-(1->2)-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-Hepp-(1->3)-L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-Hepp-(1->5)-Kdo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59518 1_1_lkn49xnh,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octamer oligosaccharide. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071219 1_1_xnpclvxm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity'?","A. OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: 4 benzenediol + O2 = 4 benzosemiquinone + 2 H2O. B. Catalysis of the reaction: galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = galactose + phosphate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: D-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = D-galactose + phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-galactose-1-phosphate + H2O = L-galactose + phosphate.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,D-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070457 1_1_554w6dip,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'erysipelas'?","A. is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from an infection or inflammation.[3] Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but they may be surgically created for therapeutic reasons. B. is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis. C. is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.[1] Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.[1] The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.[1] The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling.[6] Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. D. is an acute infection typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms, and fingers.[1] It is an infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, usually caused by beta-hemolytic group A Streptococcus bacteria on scratches or otherwise infected areas.[2] Erysipelas is more superficial than cellulitis, and is typically more raised and demarcated.[1] The term is from Greek ἐρυσίπελας, meaning ""red skin"".",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,erysipelas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000112 1_1_r1w4iuj3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Golgi membrane fusion'?","A. The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single organelle membrane. B. The joining of two lipid bilayers that surround the Golgi apparatus to form a single Golgi membrane. C. Process whereby karyomere membranes fuse during interphase to form a single lobed nucleus. D. The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Golgi membrane fusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036504 1_1_3seyb5yn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'contact with and (suspected) exposure to other communicable diseases'?","A. Patient is thought to have been exposed to the virus in question B. screening is done to prevent a disease or to help identify the disease. C. Cancer that occurs in the stomach. D. describes the circumstance causing an injury",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,contact with and (suspected) exposure to other communicable diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000380 1_1_is6rv1uc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organosulfur compound'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. B. An organosulfur compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-sulfur bond. C. An organophosphorus compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-phosphorus bond, but the term is often extended to include esters and thioesters. D. An aminosulfinic acid comprising ethylamine having the sulfo group at the 2-position.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organosulfur compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33261 1_1_42uj3nzr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'man'?","A. A person who participates in policy making. B. A person with whom someone has a sufficiently close relationship that they are willing to discuss important matters. C. An extended organism that is a member of the species Homo sapiens. D. A person whose identity is male, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being male, usually (but not always) reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,man,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001177 1_1_klfu7l57,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GSEABase'?","A. A package for plotting genomic data by chromosomal location B. A set of tools to work with alternative splicing C. A collection of meta-analysis tools for analysing high throughput experimental data D. This package provides classes and methods to support Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GSEABase,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000170 1_1_p9zael8k,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'felsic'?","A. Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. The term combines the words ‘feldspar’ and ‘silica.’ Felsic minerals are usually light in color and have specific gravities less than 3. Common felsic minerals include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. The most common felsic rock is granite. On the opposite side of the rock spectrum are the iron and magnesium-rich mafic and ultramafic minerals and rocks. [Wikipedia] B. By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma [Wikipedia] C. Kimberlite is a type of potassic volcanic rock best known for sometimes containing diamonds. The general consensus reached on kimberlites is that they are formed deep within the mantle, at between 150 and 450 kilometres depth, from anomalously enriched exotic mantle compositions, and are erupted rapidly and violently, often with considerable carbon dioxide and other volatile components. [Wikipedia] D. Mafic is an adjective describing a silicate mineral or rock that is rich in magnesium and iron; the term was derived by contracting ‘magnesium’ and ‘ferric’. Most mafic minerals are dark in color and the specific gravity is greater than 3. Common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt and gabbro. In terms of chemistry, mafic rocks are on the other side of the rock spectrum from the felsic rocks. The term roughly corresponds to the older basic rock class.Mafic lava, before cooling, has a low viscosity, in comparison to felsic lava, due to the lower silica content in mafic magma. Water and other volatiles can more easily and gradually escape from mafic lava, so eruptions of volcanoes made of mafic lavas are less explosively violent than felsic lava eruptions. Most mafic lava volcanoes are oceanic volcanoes, like Hawaii. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,felsic,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Felsic 1_1_sw46gzzw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'individual human behaviour'?","A. A of a human that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain. B. An individual human behaviour that relates to a material entity. C. A in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates. D. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,individual human behaviour,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_036000 1_1_gn77hz6f,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterograde axonal transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex'?","A. The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. B. The directed movement of proteins along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons. C. Any process in which a receptor is transported to, and/or maintained at the synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell. D. The directed movement of a neurotransmitter receptor complex along microtubules in nerve cell dendrites towards the postsynapse.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,anterograde axonal transport of neurotransmitter receptor complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140231 1_1_z8el4xdb,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ditch mouth'?","A. The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. B. The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. C. The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. D. The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ditch mouth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000518 1_1_72yi5oe8,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified abnormalities of plasma proteins'?","A. this abnormal level indicates damage to the liver B. Excessive slowness in the action of the heart C. blood tests have found abnormalities of protiens in the blood which can indicate clues for a potential ilness D. abnormal results from cardiogram",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified abnormalities of plasma proteins,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000423 1_1_df6pb1rd,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Langeweile'?","A. A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable. B. A negative emotion is an emotion that has a negative valence. C. A negative emotion that is the appraisal of one's current surroundings and activities as not interesting or stimulating. D. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Langeweile,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000166 1_1_bj2aidw0,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'release'?","A. A specific release, with barcode, box, liner notes, cover art, and a number of records B. A track on a particular record C. A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation) D. A published record (manifestation which first aim is to render the product of a recording)",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,release,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Release 1_1_i8q8hudk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root cap formation stage'?","A. The stage at which the root vascular cylinder becomes evident. B. The stage at which the root cortex becomes evident. C. The stage at which the root epidermis becomes evident. D. The stage at which the root cap becomes evident.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root cap formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007501 1_1_8bc6yzrv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexuality and gender identity-based cultures'?","A. Culture shared by LGBTQIA+ individuals (a selection of gender and sexual minorities), including works by LGBTQIA+ people (contemporary and historical), understandings of LGBTQIA+ social movements, and identification with such individuals, among other things. B. Any of various cultures related to sexual practices, beliefs, and/or identities and/or gender identifications. C. A group of people within a culture that differentiates itself from the parent culture to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. D. Any of various cultures or subcultures primarily defined by recreational drug or substance usage.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexuality and gender identity-based cultures,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000247 1_1_az7zjqsb,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'peduncle epidermis'?","A. A native plant cell that gives rise to one or more plant sperm cells . B. A portion of branch epidermis that is part of a peduncle . C. OBSOLETE. The fruit may be derived from monocarpellate or multicarpellate gynoecia. Their walls may consist of the pericarp or of pericarp fused with extracarpellary tissue. The outer part of the fruit wall or the entire fruit wall may become fleshy by differentiating into soft, succulent parenchyma. Parts other than the wall such as placentae and partitions in multilocular ovaries may become fleshy. D. A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a branch .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,peduncle epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025152 1_1_et2erj3u,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'galactitol biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,galactitol biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019403 1_1_5w1j8eqh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'extraction'?","A. The fault is horizontal B. An extraction fault with no discernible displacement within the fault plane. C. A fault along which there is some separation parallel to the strike of the fault. D. A fault whose two sides have approached each other substantially in the direction perpendicular to the fault.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,extraction,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/Extraction 1_1_2v1f5rkt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Onion bulb formation'?","A. Repeated episodes of segmental demyelination and remyelination lead to the accumulation of supernumerary Schwann cells around axons, which is referred to as onion bulb formation. This finding affects peripheral nerves. B. A loss of myelinated nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system (in general, this finding can be observed on nerve biopsy). C. Delayed myelination in the peripheral nervous system. D. Defective structure and function of myelin sheaths. Dysmyelination is distinguished from demyleination where there is destruction or damage of previously normal myelination.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Onion bulb formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003383 1_1_mn74lyhh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hindbrain subarachnoid space'?","A. The space located on lateral aspects of the pons at the junction with the celebellum. B. A subarachnoid space that is part of a hindbrain [Automatically generated definition]. C. A subarachnoid space that is part of a diencephalon [Automatically generated definition]. D. A subarachnoid space that is part of a midbrain [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hindbrain subarachnoid space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005219 1_1_7mcouqu8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral root emergence stage'?","A. The stage at which the crown root emerges. B. An elongated cambial initial cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends that is part of the vascular cambium and gives rise to axial cells. C. The stage at which the lateral root emerges. D. The stage at which the fully formed root emerges.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lateral root emergence stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007517 1_1_k7ze9sly,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'floral designer'?","A. File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested. B. Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials. C. Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage. D. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,floral designer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27102300 1_1_p9cdxwk5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'extrusive rock'?","A. Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia] B. Beneath the surface magma tends to cool slowly which allows for the growth of large crystals within the rock. Rocks formed in this way are intrusive or plutonic rocks. [Wikipedia] C. Magma that has erupted onto the surface of the earth and cooled suffciently to form solid rock. [Wikipedia] D. Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. The term combines the words ‘feldspar’ and ‘silica.’ Felsic minerals are usually light in color and have specific gravities less than 3. Common felsic minerals include quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, and the sodium-rich plagioclase feldspars. The most common felsic rock is granite. On the opposite side of the rock spectrum are the iron and magnesium-rich mafic and ultramafic minerals and rocks. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,extrusive rock,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/ExtrusiveRock 1_1_cuybj64s,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryo sac egg cell'?","A. A plant egg cell that is part of an egg apparatus . B. A native plant cell that is part of an embryo sac . C. A gamete produced by an archegonium or an embryo sac . D. Cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and two polar nuclei of the central cell (or diploid secondary endosperm nucleus, in cases where two polar nuclei fuse together before double fertilization). The first cell of the endosperm, often triploid.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,embryo sac egg cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025123 1_1_zdelzw40,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Cosmo'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Cosmo,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000113 1_1_gpaae8j5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'poly(2,5-furylene vinylene) polymer'?","A. A polyacetylene polymer, composed of poly(ethene-1,2-diyl) macromolecules. B. A polyacetylene polymer, composed of poly(2,5-furylene vinylene) macromolecules. C. A homopolymer, composed of polyacetylene macromolecules. D. A polyacetylene polymer, composed of poly(diacetylene) macromolecules.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"poly(2,5-furylene vinylene) polymer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60556 1_1_7e1bvi8k,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mudflow'?","A. A flowage of water-saturated earth material possessing a high degree of fluidity during movement. A less-saturated flowing mass is often called a debris flow. A mudflow originating on the flank of a volcano is properly called a lahar. B. A torrential flow of water-saturated volcanic debris down the slope of a volcano in response to gravity. A type of mudflow. C. A rapid and unusually sudden sliding or flowage of unsorted masses of rock and other material. As applied to the major avalanche involved in the eruption of Mount St. Helens, a rapid mass movement that included fragmented cold and hot volcanic rock, water, snow, glacier ice, trees, and some hot pyroclastic material. Most of the May 18, 1980 deposits in the upper valley of the North Fork Toutle River and in the vicinity of Spirit Lake are from the debris avalanche. D. A mixture of water-saturated rock debris that flows downslope under the force of gravity (also called lahar or mudflow).",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mudflow,http://sweetontology.net/matrSediment/Mudflow 1_1_w0vipor5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Smallest cardiac vein'?","A. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a a tributary of some coronary sinus situated in some posterior longitudinal sulcus that collects blood from the diaphragmatic region of some right and left ventricles B. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is one of numerous small veins arising in some muscular walls and draining independently into the cavities of some heart, particularly some right atrium and right ventricle. C. Cardiac vein, each instance of which drains blood from the anterior aspect of some right ventricle. D. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a a tributary of some coronary sinus that collects blood from some right atrium and ventricle, and follows the coronary sulcus before draining into it.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Smallest cardiac vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma223888 1_1_f9z8hc5n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Low alkaline phosphatase of hepatic origin'?","A. An abnormally reduced level of bone isoforms of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. B. An abnormally reduced level of alkaline phosphatase, placental type in the blood. C. An abnormally reduced level of alkaline phosphatase, intestinal type in the blood. D. An abnormally reduced level of liver isoforms of alkaline phosphatase in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Low alkaline phosphatase of hepatic origin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010686 1_1_1mc5d9h2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''CORREP''?","A. Top Scoring Pairs for Microarray Classification B. The package Ringo facilitates the primary analysis of ChIP-chip data. The main functionalities of the package are data read-in, quality assessment, data visualisation and identification of genomic regions showing enrichment in ChIP-chip. The package has functions to deal with two-color oligonucleotide microarrays from NimbleGen used in ChIP-chip projects C. Multivariate correlation estimation and statistical inference. D. The package enables retrieval of large amounts of data in a uniform way without the need to know the underlying database schemas or write complex SQL queries.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'CORREP',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100057 1_1_nks4i4zf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'panicle inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of a radially-enlarged inflorescence axis , and sessile flowers on determinate higher order inflorescence axes with basal involucral bracts . B. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of pedicellate flowers on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis . C. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of pedicellate flowers or spikelets on determinate inflorescence axes ., D. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of a determinate, first order inflorescence axis and pedicellate flowers on paired, determinate higher order inflorescence axes .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,panicle inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030123 1_1_v5runvfa,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'social grade'?","A. A personal attribute in which the person has resumed a behaviour pattern having previously abstained from that behaviour pattern. B. A personal attribute that inheres in a person by virtue of their bodily makeup. C. unemployed and lowest grade occupations. D. A personal attribute in which the person has received a diagnosis of a disorder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,social grade,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001324 1_1_zvmxbkq4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region'?","A. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus. B. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome. C. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a part of a chromosome that is organized into chromatin. D. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the centromeric region of a chromosome.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"protein localization to chromosome, centromeric region",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071459 1_1_i2hu9t1o,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Point of glabella'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull where a line drawn through the most posterior points of alveolar ridges crosses the midline. B. Midline anatomical point of skull where the coronal and sagittal suture lines intersect. C. Midline anatomical point of skull at inferior border of mandible. D. Midline anatomical point of skull where midsagittal plane intersects lower margin of frontal bone, above nasal root and between superciliary arches.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Point of glabella,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264778 1_1_4k9l2224,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'statin'?","A. A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. B. A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain. C. Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties. D. (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,statin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87631 1_1_xd441y7z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abdominal segment of trunk'?","A. subdivision of trunk, each instance of which is a regional part of front of trunk; together with the meronymic sum of subdivisions of trunk constitute the trunk. Examples: thorax, abdomen, pelvis. B. subdivision of front of trunk, each instance of which has as its constitutional part the bony pelvis; it is demarcated from the abdomen by the plane of superior pelvic aperture; together with the thorax and abdomen constitutes the trunk. Examples: There is only one pelvis. C. Subdivision of trunk which has as its parts the abdomen and the back of abdomen. Examples: There is only one abdominal segment of trunk. D. subdivision of front of trunk, each instance of which has as its constitutional part some complete set of lumbar vertebral arches (L1-L5); it is demarcated from the abdomen internally by the superior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and from the pelvis by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture; together with the abdomen and pelvis constitutes the trunk. Examples: There is only one abdomen.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Abdominal segment of trunk,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma259211 1_1_g9ylsibj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 3'?","A. A Miyoshi muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ANO5 gene on chromosome 11p14. B. A distal myopathy that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of distal muscle weakness in the upper and lower limbs that spares the intrinsic muscles of the hands and has onset in young adulthood. C. A Miyoshi muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in mutation in the DYSF gene on chromosome 2p13. D. A Miyoshi muscular dystrophy characterized by asymmetric presentation of muscle weakness and atrophy that has_material_basis_in a locus on chromosome 10.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070201 1_1_w9itfwww,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'published lyrics'?","A. A published libretto B. A track on a particular record C. Published lyrics, as a book or as a text file, for example D. A specific release, with barcode, box, liner notes, cover art, and a number of records",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,published lyrics,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/PublishedLyrics 1_1_iezm6y36,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'fetal vein endothelial cell'?","A. An endothelial cell that lines the veins in the fetal circulatory system. B. Any endothelial cell that is part of some renal interlobular vein. C. Any vein endothelial cell that is part of a hindlimb stylopod. D. An endothelial cell that is part of a hepatic portal vein.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,fetal vein endothelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4047011 1_1_he83jt9j,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'olfactory epithelial supporting cell'?","A. An elongated, contractile cell found wrapped about precapillary arterioles outside the basement membrane. Pericytes are present in capillaries where proper adventitia and muscle layer are missing (thus distingushing this cell type from adventitial cells). They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. B. A non-sensory cell that extends from the basement membrane to the apical surface of the auditory epithelium and provides support for auditory hair cells. C. Olfactory epithelial support cell is a columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium. This cell type has a large, vertically, elongate, euchromatic nucleus, along with other nuclei, forms a layer superficial to the cell body of the receptor cell; sends long somewhat irregular microvilli into the mucus layer; at the base, with expanded end-feet containing numerous lamellated dense bodies resembling lipofuscin of neurons. D. An epithelial cell located on the basal lamina of the olfactory epithelium.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,olfactory epithelial supporting cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000853 1_1_c9pei1sg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'public toilet'?","A. A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). B. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure. C. An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. D. An indoor toilet that is available for public use.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,public toilet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501265 1_1_l8y2z9m2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of granzyme B. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903555 1_1_726p26np,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Association'?","A. A company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal identity from its members, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business. Although some jurisdictions refer to unincorporated entities as companies, in most jurisdictions the term refers only to incorporated entities. B. A corporation is a legal entity which, while being composed of natural persons, exists completely separately from them. This separation gives the corporation unique powers which other legal entities lack. C. A legal person as defined in private law D. A voluntary association (also sometimes called an unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Association,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Association 1_1_rwjdsx1j,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflammatory bowel disease 3'?","A. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 5q33.1. B. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 7q22. C. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 16p. D. An inflammatory bowel disease that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 6p21.3.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,inflammatory bowel disease 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110891 1_1_zup56kv1,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'cancer progression stage II'?","A. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to one or more regional draining lymph nodes. B. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth contained within normal tissue boundaries (e.g. carcinoma in situ). C. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to other distant tissues besides lymph nodes. D. A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends well beyond normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,cancer progression stage II,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000137 1_1_m279gl4z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital stationary night blindness autosomal dominant 3'?","A. A congenital stationary night blindness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the NYX gene on chromosome Xp11.4. B. A congenital stationary night blindness characterized by congenital static night blindness, a golden or gray-white discoloration of the fundus that disappears in the dark-adapted state and typically normal function of all other visual functions that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SAG gene on chromosome 2q37. C. A congenital stationary night blindness characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GNAT1 gene on chromosome 3p21. D. A congenital stationary night blindness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CACNA1F gene on chromosome Xp11.23.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital stationary night blindness autosomal dominant 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110715 1_1_ov1d4039,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(3E)-phycoerythrobilin'?","A. A UDP-amino sugar having 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose as the amino sugar component. B. A triol consisting of tetrahydrofuran with three hydroxy substituents located at position 2, 3 and 4. C. The (3E)-isomer of phycoerythrobilin. D. The (3Z)-isomer of phycoerythrobilin.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(3E)-phycoerythrobilin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85659 1_1_4495l1tv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Orobanche shoot number per plant'?","A. Count the number of orobanche shoots per sunflower plant. B. Rank starting from the bottom of the largest green leaf position C. Count the number of orobanche shoots per plot or measurement area. D. Number of leaves taken at r-9 stage (not recorded on wild species). actual count recorded.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Orobanche shoot number per plant,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000393 1_1_9hpnzo3b,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Metencephalon'?","A. Rostral segment of the hindbrain that has as its parts the pons and the cerebellum. B. Exocanthion at right lateral palpebral commissure. C. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the medullary reticular formation, inferior olivary complex and cochlear nuclear complex, among other structures. Examples: There is only one medulla oblongata. D. Has_part relation which holds between each maximally connected anatomical structure and its part demarcated from the complement by a predominantly fiat boundary.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Metencephalon,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62003 1_1_w76gq7vb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'prison visit'?","A. A person who is a student in higher education, i.e. in undergraduate or postgraduate education. B. The act of going to see some person or place or thing; it can cover a short or long period but refers to a non-permanent arrangement. C. A scheduled period in which an inmate of a prison or jail is permitted to spend a limited amount of time with a visitor. D. A scheduled period in which an inmate of a prison or jail is permitted to spend several hours or days in private with a visitor. The visitor is usually their legal spouse, and the visit's purpose is usually sexual activity. The generally recognized basis for permitting such visits in modern times is to preserve family bonds and increase the chances of success for a prisoner's eventual return to ordinary life after release from prison. They also provide an incentive to inmates to comply with the various day-to-day rules and regulations of the prison. Conjugal visits usually take place in designated rooms or a structure provided for that purpose, such as a trailer or a small cabin. Supplies such as soap, condoms, lubricant, bed linens, and towels may be provided.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,prison visit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012109 1_1_b63mzsvk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Testa texture'?","A. The texture of the testa B. Number of adventitious roots C. Colour of the pod D. Average width of seeds",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Testa texture,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000661 1_1_tlg0m457,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-tetradecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine'?","A. A 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as hexadecyl and 4-hydroxybutyl respectively. B. A phosphatidylcholine O-38:0 in which the alkyl and acyl groups (located at positions 1 and 2 respectively) are octadecyl and icosanoyl. C. A 2-acyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl group contains 20 carbons and 4 double bonds while the alkyl group contains 16 carbons and 1 double bond. D. A phosphatidylcholine O-30:0 in which the alkyl and acyl groups at position 1 and 2 are tetradecyl and hexadecanoyl respectively.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-tetradecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86223 1_1_0ncmo208,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evaluative_Attitude'?","A. A communictated attitude is a propositional attitude involved in an act of communication. B. An evaluative attitude expresses e.g. a judgment. The proposition qualified by the evaluative attitude is comparable to something else. C. A propositional attitude connects a person (the holder of the attitude) to some proposition, in fact it expresses some qualification over the proposition. Distinguishing a proposition from the propositional content expressed by it is necessary when properties relating to the thing expressed and properties of the expression itself must be distinguished. For LKIF the distinction between Belief, Intention, Qualification, and Observation is relevant. The distinction between belief/expectation, intention, and observation is relevant for i.a. establishing mens rea (guilty mind). The distinction between beliefs (expressing the content of the mind of an agent) and statements (expressing the content of an act of communication by an agent) is classical. D. Intention is where the agent expects certain consequences of his or her actions and desires those consequences to occur. This concept must be related to qualification and preference in some way.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Evaluative_Attitude,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Evaluative_Attitude 1_1_00ov06ge,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex'?","A. A protein complex containing a secreted Wnt protein associated with its receptor, Frizzled (Fz), and co-receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) or LRP6. B. A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow. C. A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. D. Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Wnt-Frizzled-LRP5/6 complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990851 1_1_w5ddxzzy,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'hurricane band'?","A. The transport of mass motion momentum solely by the random motions of individual molecules not moving together in coherent groups. B. A region of negative buoyancy below an existing level of free convection (LFC) where energy must be supplied to the parcel to maintain its ascent. C. A hurricane radar band of circular or spiral shape associated with a tropical cyclone (hurricane or typhoon). Made evident by radar observations, hurricane bands typically curve cyclonically inward toward the center of the storm. The bands may be classified as primary if they merge into the eyewall encircling the eye of the storm, or secondary if they are disconnected from the eyewall. Hurricane bands generally move slowly around the center of the storm in the direction of the hurricane circulation. See banded structure. D. Basalt is the most common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey. On Earth, most basalt magmas have formed by decompression melting of the mantle. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,hurricane band,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/HurricaneBand 1_1_xv2e1y4m,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'proglacial'?","A. _:248 B. Of streams, deposits, and other features, being immediately in front of or just beyond the outer limits of a glacier or ice sheet, and formed by or derived from glacier ice. C. _:246 D. _:244",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,proglacial,http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Proglacial 1_1_fq3qfy17,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'calibration technologist or technician'?","A. Supervise and coordinate activities of passenger attendants. B. Repair and adjust electrical and mechanical equipment of inboard or inboard-outboard boat engines. C. Conduct field studies to determine traffic volume, speed, effectiveness of signals, adequacy of lighting, and other factors influencing traffic conditions, under direction of traffic engineer. D. Execute or adapt procedures and techniques for calibrating measurement devices, by applying knowledge of measurement science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and electronics, sometimes under the direction of engineering staff. Determine measurement standard suitability for calibrating measurement devices. May perform preventive maintenance on equipment. May perform corrective actions to address identified calibration problems.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,calibration technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302800 1_1_v36cn46k,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'nociception'?","A. Taste perception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the tongue and nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject B. Hearing (auditory perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving sound waves from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by detectors in the ear, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject C. Smelling (olfactory perception) is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject D. Nociception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process specialized internal sensory cells in, for example, skin, muscles and joints, and b) by which actual or immanent tissue damage are reported to the organism, and c) which is experienced by the subject as being so caused",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,nociception,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000069 1_1_r1nl8oz8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'computer numerically controlled tool operator'?","A. Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions. B. Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist. Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization, preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. C. Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products. D. Operate computer-controlled tools, machines, or robots to machine or process parts, tools, or other work pieces made of metal, plastic, wood, stone, or other materials. May also set up and maintain equipment.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,computer numerically controlled tool operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51916100 1_1_b4roxdq6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aromatase excess syndrome'?","A. Any of various syndromes primarily affecting the endocrinological system of the body. B. A form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism which is caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of estrogen to mediate its biological effects in the body. C. A rare genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by an overexpression of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the estrogen sex hormones from the androgens, in turn resulting in excessive levels of circulating estrogens and, accordingly, symptoms of hyperestrogenism. D. A gonadal dysgenesis syndrome characterized by the absence of a part or all of one of the sex chromosomes. Signs and symptoms include short stature, webbing of neck, low-set ears, hypogonadism, and sterility.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,aromatase excess syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090122 1_1_qndt7n96,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(11Z)-18-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-CoA'?","A. A 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA in which the 3-hydroxy fatty acyl group is specified as 3-hydroxyicosanoyl. B. A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 12-methyloctadecanoic acid. C. An omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (11Z)-18-hydroxyoctadecenoic acid. D. A 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-2-docosenoic acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(11Z)-18-hydroxyoctadecenoyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85506 1_1_gan2vig4,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'action potential'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). B. A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. C. Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. D. A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,action potential,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001508 1_1_63zlwqv0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'hierarchical clustering'?","A. A dimensionality reduction is data partitioning which transforms each input m-dimensional vector (x_1, x_2, ..., x_m) into an output n-dimensional vector (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n), where n is smaller than m. B. A class discovery data transformation (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class discovery. C. A k-nearest neighbors is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery or partitioning objective, in which an input data object with vector y is assigned to a class label based upon the k closest training data set points to y; where k is the largest value that class label is assigned. D. A hierarchical clustering is a data transformation which achieves a class discovery objective, which takes as input data item and builds a hierarchy of clusters. The traditional representation of this hierarchy is a tree (visualized by a dendrogram), with the individual input objects at one end (leaves) and a single cluster containing every object at the other (root).",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,hierarchical clustering,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200042 1_1_mfwjtb1d,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'acidic soil'?","A. Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. B. A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay. C. Soil which is adjacent to a pond. D. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,acidic soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001185 1_1_pycnmqa5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fog wind'?","A. Hard squalls from the northeast in Libya and Africa. They are sudden and frequent and are accompanied by heavy rain and thunder. B. A squall accompanied by dark clouds and generally by heavy rain. C. The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. D. A squally northwesterly wind, cold, humid, and showery, that occurs in the rear of a low pressure area over the English Channel and off the Atlantic coast of France and northern Spain.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fog wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/FogWind 1_1_h3w6hfgq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Downturned corners of mouth'?","A. A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth. B. A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure. C. An abnormality of the appearance of the face caused by constant contraction of the lips leading to a puckered or pursed appearance. D. Oral commissures positioned superior to the midline labial fissure.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Downturned corners of mouth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002714 1_1_r65jt2av,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'FCS3.0'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. FCS3.0 is version 3.0 of the Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry. It contains a mechanism for handling data sets of 100 megabytes and larger, support for UNICODE text for keyword values, support for cyclic redundancy check (CRC) validation for each data set, a requirement for the inclusion of information describing the method of signal amplification and increased support for the inclusion of time as a measurement parameter. C. The flow cytometry data file standard provides the specifications needed to completely describe flow cytometry data sets within the confines of the file containing the experimental data. The principal goal of the Standard is to provide a uniform file format allowing files created by one type of acquisition hardware and software to be analyzed by another type. D. Affymetrix-compliant data is data produced in a format compatible with Affymetrix software. This is a defined class where other data classes will be inferred to be members if they have a data format specification which has been published by Affymetrix.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,FCS3.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000062 1_1_rv25hkyq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-phenylthiourea'?","A. A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing. B. Compounds of general formula RR'NC(=S)NR''R'''. C. A thiourea resulting from the formal condensation of the secondary amino group of 1-methylpiperazine and the primary amino group of N-(4-nitrophenyl)benzene-1,4-diamine with carbonothioic O,O-acid. D. A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-phenylthiourea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46261 1_1_emjx1bdo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urinary 3-hydroxyadipic acid level'?","A. The concentration of alpha-aminoadipic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. B. An increased concentration of dicarboxylic acid in the urine. C. The amount of mesaconic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. D. The amount of 3-hydroxyadipic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated urinary 3-hydroxyadipic acid level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000609 1_1_vo0afrc4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Jaguar'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Jaguar,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000245 1_1_8z5k50xw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonadministration of surgical and medical care'?","A. Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. B. complication in mechanical design.function of internal and external prosthetic devices, implants and grafts C. This describes the circumstance causing an injury, not the nature of the injury. The injury in this case is caused by the lack of administration of surgical or medical care. D. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nonadministration of surgical and medical care,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000449 1_1_bbo7tkmb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unilateral femoral hernia, with obstruction, without gangrene, not specified as recurrent'?","A. A hernia is caused by the protrusion of a viscus (in the case of groin hernias, an intraabdominal organ) through a weakness in the containing wall. B. A mouth ulcer (also termed an oral ulcer, or a mucosal ulcer) is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. C. Acute inflammation of the appendix. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated. D. A biliary obstruction is a blockage of the bile ducts.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Unilateral femoral hernia, with obstruction, without gangrene, not specified as recurrent",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000060 1_1_0vd6y6eo,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N(6)-carbamoylmethyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate'?","A. An N-acyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid where the acyl group is specified as aminoacetyl. B. An amide formed between benzylpenicillin and butylamine. C. A nucleoside monophosphate analogue that is dAMP in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens is replaced by a carbamoylmethyl group. D. A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N(6)-carbamoylmethyl-2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_103067 1_1_jy47t6o0,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Newton'?","A. A composite unit is the product of at least two base or derived units. For example, 'meter per second square' denotes a composite unit defined over 'meter' (a base unit) and 'per second square' (a derived unit). B. The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of net force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second per second. 1 N = kg m s-2 C. A knot is one nautical mile per hour, which is equal to exactly 1.852 km/h and approximately 1.151 mph. D. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). ""siemens"" is used for both singular and plural.",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Newton,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Newton 1_1_dslhe1sm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'occugene'?","A. A prototype for a mechanism for specifying the types of parameters and the return value for an R function. This is meta-information that can be used to generate stubs for servers and various interfaces to these functions B. Methods for estimating GO semantic similarities. Implemented five methods proposed by Resnik, Schlicker(Rel), Jiang, Lin and Wang respectively. Support five species: human, rat, mouse, fly, and yeast. C. Statistical tools for building random mutagenesis libraries for prokaryotes. The package has functions for handling the occupancy distribution for a multinomial and for estimating the number of essential genes in random transposon mutagenesis libraries. D. A package that implements some simple capabilities for representing and manipulating hypergraphs.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,occugene,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000637 1_1_5cf4guow,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stigma cell differentiation stage'?","A. Stages of development of the ovule defined by characteristic morphological, structural, histological or other visible features. B. Stage of gynoecium development defined by the closure of the carpel(s). C. Stage of gynoecium development that begins when the carpel primordia arise. D. Epidermal cells at the top of developing style differentiate stigma.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stigma cell differentiation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004503 1_1_7el0ejyz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Liberia'?","A. A landlocked mountainous country in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Southern Caucasus. It borders Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan to the south. A transcontinental country at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. A former republic of the Soviet Union. Armenia is divided into ten marzes (provinces, singular marz), with the city (kaghak) of Yerevan having special administrative status as the country's capital. B. A country in Northern Europe. Estonia has land borders to the south with Latvia and to the east with Russia. It is separated from Finland in the north by the Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the west by the Baltic Sea. Estonia is divided into 15 counties. (maakonnad; sing. - maakond). Estonian counties are divided into rural (vallad, singular vald) and urban (linnad, singular linn; alevid, singular alev; alevikud, singular alevik) municipalities. The municipalities comprise populated places (asula or asustusuksus) - various settlements and territorial units that have no administrative function. A group of populated places form a rural municipality with local administration. Most towns constitute separate urban municipalities, while some have joined with surrounding rural municipalities. C. A country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and the Atlantic Ocean. D. A country on the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces or regions (manatiq; singular mintaqah). Each is then divided into Governorates.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Liberia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00000911 1_1_72nvkjnw,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'centroblast'?","A. A germinal center B cell found in a lymph node germinal center dark zone. B. A germinal center B cell that is rapidly dividing and has the phenotype IgD-negative, CD38-positive, and CD77-positive. Somatic hypermutation of the immunoglobulin V gene region can occur during proliferation of this cell type. C. A germinal center B cell found in a lymph node germinal center light zone. D. A germinal center B cell that develops from a Bm3 B cell. This cell has the phenotype IgM-negative, IgD-positive, and CD38-positive.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,centroblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009112 1_1_5ibnbq7n,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarette smoker'?","A. A tobacco smoker who reports recently smoking. B. A cigarette smoker who is tobacco dependent according to a defined and validated measure. C. A tobacco smoker who is an ex-e-cigarette user D. A tobacco smoker who smokes cigarettes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarette smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001344 1_1_cx5p05ba,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypolipoproteinemia'?","A. Any deviation from the normal concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood circulation. B. Any deviation from the normal circulating concentration of chylomicrons. C. An abnormal increase or decrease in the level of lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. D. An abnormal decrease in the level of lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypolipoproteinemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010981 1_1_pl0ltvua,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucosa of left hepatic duct'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a biliary tree [Automatically generated definition]. B. A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mucosa of left hepatic duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005003 1_1_s29xgxei,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'G anther dehiscence stage'?","A. Stage during which the senescence of anther and stamen occurs. Shrinkage of cells and anther structure takes place. B. Stage during which the four clearly defined locules are established. All anther cell types present and microspore mother cells appear. C. Stage during which the dehiscence of anthers occurs. Anther breaks along stomium and pollen is released. D. Stage during which the primary parietal and primary sporogenous layers are derived from archesporial cells.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,G anther dehiscence stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001035 1_1_mqmtrszp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unspecified fracture of unspecified patella, sequela'?","A. is a break in the patella, or kneecap, the small bone that sits at the front of your knee B. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck C. a complete or incomplete break in one of the five metatarsal bones in each foot. D. A type of permanent damage to muscles and nerves that results from prolonged lack blood flow to those tissues. It is characterized by shortening and stiffening of the muscles.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Unspecified fracture of unspecified patella, sequela",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000138 1_1_si63a954,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'weekly financial cost of cigarette smoking'?","A. A data item that is about the amount of money that has to be paid to purchase a product or service B. A data item that is the percentage of study participants for whom measurements are not taken at a follow-up. C. A data item that is about the amount of money a person who smokes cigarettes spends on cigarettes. D. A data item that is about the amount of harm to health caused by an individual using a product relative to other products.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,weekly financial cost of cigarette smoking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000751 1_1_rcl189qn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender relationship'?","A. A relationship process in which one builds trust and accountability with members of a marginalized group or groups. B. Any of various relationships in which at least one person is transgender. C. Interpersonal relationships which attains some form of internal or external significance (such as a marriage or civil union). D. An interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011445 1_1_gyjbba14,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylcholine O-30:2'?","A. An alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 42 carbons and 6 double bonds. B. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 40 carbons and 6 double bonds. C. An alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 30 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 38 carbons and 6 double bonds.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylcholine O-30:2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85567 1_1_0ef35h71,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'NP-101A'?","A. A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by an acetylamino group at position 2. It is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces aurantiogriseus and has been shown to exhibit antifungal activity. B. A partially-defined glycan consisting of 8 hexosyl and 2 acetaminohexosyl groups (identities and connectivity unknown). Composition: Hex8 HexNAc2. C. Benzamide substituted on nitrogen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group and at the 4-position by an (N-methylpiperidinio)methyl group. D. A composition-only glycan consisting of two hexosyl groups and one acetaminohexosyl group (identities and connectivity unknown). Composition: Hex2 HexNAc1.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,NP-101A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66639 1_1_lich67wj,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage to other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage to other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044358 1_1_chit6u6p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'focal epithelial hyperplasia'?","A. A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in skin, has_material_basis_in Enterovirus A (Enterovirus alphacoxsackie), which are transmitted_by contaminated fomites, and transmitted_by contact with nose and throat secretions, saliva, blister fluid and stool of infected persons. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom poor appetite, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom sore throat, has_symptom painful sores in the mouth, and has_symptom skin rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. B. A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in mouth, has_material_basis_in human papillomavirus (types 13 or 32), has_symptom papules or nodules in the oral cavity. C. A viral infectious disease that results_in infection located_in brain and that has_material_basis_in Measles virus which is immune resistant. D. A viral infectious disease that results in infection, has_material_basis_in Oropouche virus, which is transmitted by biting midge, Culicoides paraensis. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom chills, has symptom headache, has symptom anorexia, has symptom muscle pain, has symptom joint pain, and has symptom vomiting.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,focal epithelial hyperplasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5362 1_1_6gxeif8j,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'plasma membrane organization'?","A. The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. B. A physical interaction between exactly two molecules or subunits to create a lasting compound. C. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane. D. A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,plasma membrane organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007009 1_1_0906blsq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual observation of cranberry fruit worm'?","A. Visual observation of insect presence of Cranberry fruit worm B. Tasting of fruit and application of a scale of 0-9 C. Color of flowers recorded using available list D. Visual observation of disease presence of Bacterial flight/canker",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual observation of cranberry fruit worm,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000360 1_1_5baep4xy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anatomical coordinate'?","A. Anatomical location which specifies the relationship between one or more material anatomical entities and anatomical space. B. Spatial association relationship which describes the containment, adjacency and anatomical coordinates of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical containment, anatomical adjacency, anatomical coordinate. C. Anatomical location relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity in type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension in type B such that their bona fide boundaries are spatially proximate, share no parts, and are separated by no physical anatomical entity of the same dimension. D. Anatomical location which specifies the relationship between one or more physical anatomical entities in terms of ...",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anatomical coordinate,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23133 1_1_aw6xqp58,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'COBRA Toolbox'?","A. COBRA (COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis Toolbox) includes implementations of many of the commonly used forms of constraint-based analysis such as FBA, gene deletions, flux variability analysis, sampling, and batch simulations together with tools to read in and manipulate constraint-based models. B. COBRA Toolbox is the version of the COBRA software for Matlab. C. COBRA Toolbox is the version of the COBRA software for Python. D. A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,COBRA Toolbox,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000156 1_1_vrecaljs,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the posterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle and is continuous with the subendocardial branch of the posterior division of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle. B. Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the anterior wall of the left ventricle. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart each instance of which is the trunk of some conducting system of heart from its origin at the atrioventricular node to the point of division into some right and left bundle branches at the superior end of the muscular part of some interventricular septum.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9484 1_1_ie92ysh8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'length unit'?","A. A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. B. A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. C. A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object. D. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,length unit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000001 1_1_s5ku9wov,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other pulmonary embolism without acute cor pulmonale'?","A. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body. B. high blood potassium levels C. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life D. a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The cause is usually a blood clot in the leg called a deep vein thrombosis that breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lung",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other pulmonary embolism without acute cor pulmonale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000560 1_1_gxmdekrr,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Curiosity'?","A. Tutorial achievement is awarded to a player for trying out various features of the game. This is often related to learning how to play the game, how the controls work and how the game logic works. An example of Tutorial could be testing out newly gained special equipment or just playing through the in-game tutorial in the beginning. B. Curiosity describes funny random things that can happen or be found in the game. An example could be jumping from the Eiffel tower without dying or following a comupter controlled character’s activities for one hour. C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Achievement is a reward gained in a game due to some event accomplished in the game. Achievements are commonly used in game industry to reward players for having accomplished tasks in the game. This ontology defines various subclasses of Achievement, which are all based on the classification presented by Markus Montola et al. [Markus Montola, Timo Nummenmaa, Andrés Lucero, Marion Boberg, and Hannu Korhonen, 2009, “Applying game achievement systems to enhance user experience in a photo sharing service”, In Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era (MindTrek '09)] http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1621859",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Curiosity,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Curiosity 1_1_nig6kynp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'structural iron or steel worker'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend wood sawing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment. Includes lead sawyers. B. Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings. C. Construct, assemble, or rebuild machines, such as engines, turbines, and similar equipment used in such industries as construction, extraction, textiles, and paper manufacturing. D. Set up or repair rigging for construction projects, manufacturing plants, logging yards, ships and shipyards, or for the entertainment industry.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,structural iron or steel worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47222100 1_1_n47kt2e3,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'inpatient encounter'?","A. TODO B. A health care encounter in which care is provided for undifferentiated and unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. C. A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter D. A health care encounter involving a patient who has been admitted to a health care facility and remains in a hospital facility for at least one night.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,inpatient encounter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000100 1_1_s8pe1wi3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'north foehn'?","A. The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada. B. A hot, dry, west or southwest wind of foehn type in the lee of the Sri Lanka hills during the southwest monsoon in June and July. C. A local strong wind that blows through the Dzungarian Gate (in western China), a gap in the mountain ridge separating the depression of Lakes Balkash and Ala Kul from that of Lake Ebi Nor. The wind resembles the foehn and brings a sudden rise of temperature, in winter from about -26? to about -1?C. D. A northerly foehn wind blowing down the Italian side of the Alps. The northern slopes are normally cooler than the southern slopes, and the dynamic warming is often insufficient to overcome the difference of temperature. Hence a warm dry northerly wind of foehnlike character occurs less frequently than the south foehn.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,north foehn,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/NorthFoehn 1_1_r51ncvrq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ependymoblastoma'?","A. A primitive neuroectodermal tumor that originates from the cells of the embryonic medullary canal. B. A highly malignant embryonal tumor of infancy and young childhood characterized by neuroectodermal elements organized in distinctive multilayered rosettes. Ependymoblastomas are large lesions that occur in the supratentorial compartment, typically displaying a physical connection to the ventricular system. C. Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2. D. A primitive neuroectodermal neoplasm that occurs in the central nervous system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Ependymoblastoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030066 1_1_tmxws4jh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'aurora'?","A. The sporadic radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over the middle and high latitudes. B. A solar prominence is a large bright feature extending outwards from the sun's surface, often in a loop configuration. Prominences are anchored to the solar surface in the photosphere, and extend outwards into the solar corona. While the corona consists of extremely hot ionized gases, known as plasma, which do not emit much visible light, prominences contain much cooler plasma, similar in composition to that of the chromosphere. A prominence forms over timescales of about a day, and stable prominences may persist in the corona for several months. Some prominences break apart and give rise to coronal mass ejections C. In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. D. A cold low that has grown out of a trough and become displaced out of the basic westerly current and lies equatorward of this current.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,aurora,http://sweetontology.net/phenHelio/Aurora 1_1_sgobgw1i,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Briefing'?","A. Class describing the meetings of tender committee. B. Informative meeting about the public procurement contract. C. Class describing a phase of an electronic auction. D. Class of the contracts in which the awarded tenderer manage the public service themselves.",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Briefing,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#Briefing 1_1_373od4na,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'birth certificate after name change'?","A. A birth certificate which has been amended for any of various reasons. B. An amended birth certificate which replaces an original birth certificate after an adoption is finalized in most states in the United States (and the District of Columbia). The original birth certificate is then sealed. Adopted persons in ten states have an unrestricted right to obtain a copy of the original birth certificate when they are adults: Alabama, Alaska, Colorado, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, and Rhode Island. The remaining states and the District of Columbia either require a court order to release a copy of the original birth certificate or have other restrictions, such as permission of biological parent(s) or redaction of information upon request of a biological parent. C. An amended birth certificate which replaces an original birth certificate after a court-ordered (or other legal) name change. D. An amended birth certificate which replaces an original birth certificate after a court-ordered (or other legal) gender marker change.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,birth certificate after name change,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012695 1_1_3atpd0v7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subendocardial branch of septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interventricular septum and is continuous with the right and left branches of the atrioventricular bundle. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the anterior wall of the left ventricle. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the left stratum of the interventricular septum. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is an abnormal ventricular myocardium strand that connects the atrial and ventricular myocardial tissues around the atrioventricularjunction and causes the abnormal cardiac rhythm known as the Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subendocardial branch of septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83332 1_1_qckt7rb0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cystic lymph node'?","A. Hepatic lymph node located near or on neck of gallbladder. B. Hepatic lymph node located along the bile duct. C. Anatomical line which corresponds to the intersection of two anatomical planes; each instance of which is a man-made, arbitrary or artifical line drawn on some structure to define some boundary. D. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by gnathion and tragion.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cystic lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12804 1_1_i38a3sx1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'North American street'?","A. A street in North America. B. A pronoun set composed of they/them and he/him pronouns, in which they/them pronouns are typically (but not always) prioritized. C. A public road in a populated area (such as a town or a city) with buildings on both sides. A street is usually shorter than and runs perpendicular to an avenue. D. A street in the United States.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,North American street,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008476 1_1_qdc8tnjr,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Argument'?","A. An LKIF rule, based on swrl:Impl B. A valid LKIF rule C. An argument is a reason that is expressed through some medium D. An argument is some rule used in argumentation (cf. Deliverable 1.1)",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Argument,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/lkif-rules.owl#Argument 1_1_xgiddxxx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia/Hypoplasia of metatarsal bones'?","A. Absence or underdevelopment of the metatarsal bones. B. Increased side-to-side width of a metatarsal bone. C. Abnormalities of the metatarsal bones (i.e. of five tubular bones located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes). D. Osteolysis involving metatarsal bones.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia/Hypoplasia of metatarsal bones,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001964 1_1_rg5jq4g2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'diazole'?","A. A transparent and refractive lens located posterior to the iris. The lens of camera-type eye refracts light to be focused on the retina. B. An azole that is either one of a pair of heterocyclic organic compounds comprising three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring. C. Any basket cell that is part of a Ammon's horn. D. Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,diazole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23677 1_1_23ggv39z,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant protoplast'?","A. A plant cell that is grown or maintained in vitro. B. A cultured plant cell from which the entire plant cell wall has been removed. C. A cultured plant cell that was derived from root tissue. D. A cultured plant cell that was derived from leaf tissue.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant protoplast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000006 1_1_8pdyy4xy,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'SpkLng Measurement'?","A. Standard method for yellow berry incidence. B. Measured in centimeters from the base of the spike to the tip excluding the awns (average of 6-10 random spikes in plot). C. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. D. Proceed following the protocol for sampling of grains or leaves for CID in Chapter 6 in Pask et al., 2012. Mass spectrometers generate differential values of stable carbon isotope composition (?13C), expressed negative values in parts per thousand (?) (Farquhar et al., 1989): ?13C (?) = [(Rsample/Rstandard)?1] × 1000. Where: the ratio of heavy to light isotope (R = 13C/12C) for the sample is in comparison to Peedee Belemnite (PDB) carbonate (limestone) standard. Following Farquhar et al. (1989) ? rather than using carbon isotope composition values (?13C), positive values for CID (?13C) can be calculated for easier statistical analysis as: ?13C = [(?a-?p)]/[1 + (?p/1000)]",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,SpkLng Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000277 1_1_aelc4ilv,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'warming of a gas'?","A. A material warming process during which the thermal energy in a volume of fluid increases. B. A process of warming a fluid which includes a volume of liquid as a participant. C. A process of warming a fluid during which the thermal energy in a volume of gas increases. D. A surface of an astronomical body which is part of a water body present on that body.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,warming of a gas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001740 1_1_wstjz30z,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'helix of outer ear'?","A. A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. B. The helix is the prominent rim of the pinna. C. A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition]. D. Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP].",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,helix of outer ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002488 1_1_uy6fg9mq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of wound healing'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. D. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of wound healing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090303 1_1_yqvl2bcw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'ciliary muscle'?","A. Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. B. The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. C. A parenchyma that is part of a thyroid follicle [Automatically generated definition]. D. One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,ciliary muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001605 1_1_rqxhkyff,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'moisture pooling'?","A. The sound emitted by rapidly expanding gases along the channel of a lightning discharge. B. An air layer with its base at the ground surface and in which temperature increases with height. These often form at night over land under clear skies and are statically stable. See inversion, lapse rate. C. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. D. The development of an area in the boundary layer (e.g., often observed on surface or 850-mb charts) where moisture values become higher than in the surrounding region. Moisture pooling typically occurs in an area of low-level convergence during the warm (growing) season, and can have a significant effect on convection initiation and evolution.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,moisture pooling,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/MoisturePooling 1_1_z3qf9618,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical fearful facial expression'?","A. Characteristic facial expression made when a person is undergoing an experience of surprise. B. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of sadness. C. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of fear. D. Characteristic facial expressions that are made when a person is undergoing a so-called ""basic"" emotions. These are canonical, that is, individual facial expressions when undergoing emotions can vary or not change at all. However, research indicates evidence for the existence of characteristic canonical facial expressions that are displayed when experiencing certain emotions even across cultures.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical fearful facial expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000176 1_1_r8uvz3zv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed hectoliter weight'?","A. Thickness of the stem measured with calipers at the middle of the bottom third of the plant stem B. Percentage of the plot covered, 1 = poor to 7 = good establishment C. Hectoliter weight, or specific weight of seeds: Estimation of density, determined by weighing all seeds fitting into a 100 ml volume D. Grain persistence in the plant at physiological maturity. Assessing how easy seeds fall off the panicle upon light touch: 1 = No seeds falling to 7 = a lot of seeds falling",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed hectoliter weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_367:0000130 1_1_51z4iyjt,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'poricidal capsule fruit'?","A. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through fruit locules . B. A capsule fruit which dehisces through a fruit septa . C. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through pores on a pericarp . D. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through the release of a fruit operculum .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,poricidal capsule fruit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030095 1_1_6a5imt70,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calculation - Specific culm porosity'?","A. Measure width at the widest portion of the leaf below the flag leaf on the main culm. Repeat measurement on representative leaf and take the average width. B. Collect 5-10 blooming florets of a male sterile line from different plants and measure the average angle of the opening between glumes (viz., lemma and palea) C. Pool representative flag leaves and leaves below the flag leaf and oven dry at 70degC to constant weight and then weigh. Take the average D. Calculate the ratio of total aerenchyma area to cortex area",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Calculation - Specific culm porosity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001171 1_1_pz6020fu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'acyl-CoA(4-)'?","A. An acyl-CoA oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of any acyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. B. An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate groups of oscr#38-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. C. An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of ascr#10-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. D. An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 9,17-dioxo-1,2,3,4,10,19-hexanorandrostan-5-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,acyl-CoA(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58342 1_1_414eokri,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: a 2'-deoxycytidine in DNA + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = a 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in DNA + H+ + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 2-[(3S)-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-L-histidyl-[translation elongation factor 2] + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = diphthine-[translation elongation factor 2] + 3 H+ + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [protein]-L-leucine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + [protein]-L-leucine methyl ester. This modification occurs only at the oxygen atoms of the free alpha carboxyl group of a leucine residue at the C-terminus of the protein. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 3'-demethylstaurosporine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + staurosporine.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,3'-demethylstaurosporine O-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030793 1_1_mit4qkhq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'law enforcement title'?","A. An honorary title provided as the official designation of a position held in law enforcement associated with certain duties of authority. B. An honorary title provided as the official designation of a position held in an organization (e.g. in government or corporation) associated with certain duties of authority. C. An honorary title provided as the official designation of a position held in a military associated with certain duties of authority. D. An honorary title provided as the official designation of a position held in a government associated with certain duties of authority.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,law enforcement title,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010844 1_1_x4pd282d,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anomalous origin of left subclavian artery'?","A. The loss of continuity between the left subclavian artery and the aorta, with persistent connection to the homolateral pulmonary artery through the patent (PDA) or nonpatent ductus arteriosus. B. Origin of the left subclavian artery from an anomalous anatomical location. C. Abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery from the descending aorta. The right subclavian artery normally arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, which divides into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery. D. Abnormally increased caliber of the left subclavian artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anomalous origin of left subclavian artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031253 1_1_6cau2c8i,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus'?","A. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to acetate. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to toluene.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of response to cytokine stimulus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060760 1_1_uduhhoqo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urine 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid level'?","A. The distal epiphysis (rounded portion of bone at the far end of the tibia distal to the growth plate) has an abnormal cone-shaped appearance, that is, the epiphysis has a globular form at the bottom, tapering to a point at the top. B. The amount of 3-hydroxysebacic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. C. Amount of 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid in the urine above the upper limit of normal. 2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid or 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid (HMVA) is an organic acid generated by L-isoleucine metabolism. D. Amount of tiglylglycine in the urine above upper limit of normal.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated urine 2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleric acid level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034664 1_1_8zsb6izo,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cricoclavicular line'?","A. Zone of muscle organ where fascial sheath of muscle tissue forms tendon. B. Anatomical line of body proper, each instance of which is a line from some sternoclavicular joint to a point on some eleventh rib. C. Anatomical line of body proper, each instance of which is a line from the cricoid cartilage of some larynx to the point at which the superior projection of some anterior axillary line intersects some clavicle. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band attached to the sternal end of some costal cartilage, radiating from there out onto the ventral part of some sternum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cricoclavicular line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329217 1_1_ckw4j9di,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in proteolysis in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant hydrolysis of proteins in of the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in proteolysis in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044481 1_1_dkdtdrlj,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'subdivision of organism along appendicular axis'?","A. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. B. A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). C. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. D. Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,subdivision of organism along appendicular axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010758 1_1_1fqwxqch,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of correctional officer'?","A. Design clothing and accessories. Create original designs or adapt fashion trends. B. Develop programs to control machining or processing of materials by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. May also set up, operate, or maintain equipment. C. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers. D. Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine cause of fires and explosions.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of correctional officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33101100 1_1_gneo3hm4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole'?","A. A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole having the phospho group at the 5'-position and a carboxyamino group at the 5-position on the imidazole ring. B. (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by a phenyl group. C. A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole that is 5-aminoimidazole in which the proton at position 1 has been replaced by a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. D. An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,5-carboxyamino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48000 1_1_bc9ozygv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Renal failure following (induced) termination of pregnancy'?","A. Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. An abortion may be caused purposely and is then called an induced abortion, or less frequently, ""induced miscarriage"". B. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is progressive loss in kidney function over a period of months or years. C. The biopsy findings were consistent with the renal lesions of toxemia of pregnancy, although other renal diseases such as Henoch Schonlein nephritis or lupus proliferative glomerulonephritis cannot be excluded D. patient is depending on renal dialysis which is a procedure that is a substitute for many of the normal functions of the kidneys",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Renal failure following (induced) termination of pregnancy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000036 1_1_d64yniqb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Usual interstitial pneumonia'?","A. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity in lungs based on presence of fibrosis and honeycombing. B. A pleural cobblestone appearance characterized by irregular bumps surrounded by depressed lines in open lung biopsy. Caused by underlying scarring causing retraction of the interlobular septa where they insert on the pleura. C. Abnormal accumulation of lymphocytes in the interstitium of the lung. D. A fine reticular pattern on high-resolution computed tomography, with the visible lines separated by a few millimeters. Regions of the lung with intralobular interstitial thickening characteristically show a fine lacelike or netlike appearance.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Usual interstitial pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031950 1_1_3r01c3w2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sperm aneuploidy'?","A. A condition in which some spermatozoa are aneuploid. Risk of sperm aneuploidy is increased by tobacco smoking, occupational exposure to benzene, insecticides, and perfluroinated compounds, among other things. B. A numerical chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of copy number variations in less than five percent of chromosomal arms. C. An aneuploidy of the allosome. D. A chromosomal condition in which a somatic cell is missing a single member of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sperm aneuploidy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007011 1_1_s8wlybro,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'folic acid'?","A. A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. B. A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. C. An N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9. Its biologically active forms (tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. D. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,folic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27470 1_1_6vbos695,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Scrolling'?","A. Usually 2 to 4 players beat each other in matches that end after some time or at one's health depletion B. The events of the game are seen through the eyes of the playable character C. Series of games D. scrolling ""beat 'em up"" where players fight enemies on a scrolling map",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Scrolling,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Scrolling 1_1_ij31zf5l,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'multi cell part structure'?","A. Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. B. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions C. A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. D. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,multi cell part structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005162 1_1_e8gs9qc5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'intersex-related television program'?","A. Media pertaining especially to intersex persons and/or culture. B. Television programs pertaining especially to intersex persons and/or culture. C. Television programs pertaining especially to bisexual persons and/or culture. D. Music pertaining especially to intersex persons and/or culture.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,intersex-related television program,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000622 1_1_qb47mu9q,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf R750/R700 Measurement'?","A. Standard method for stem wall thickness. B. Standard method for leaf spectral reflectance normalized to R750/700. C. Variable fluorescence measured from a light adapted leaf. D. Standard method for gas exchange and fluorescence measurements.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf R750/R700 Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0001578 1_1_qd8zejx5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'aleurone layer'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is composed of plant ovary outer epidermis , plant ovary inner epidermis , and a plant ovary wall middle layer B. That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer integument, or from the single integument when there is only one. C. A portion of plant tissue that is the outer layer (wall) of a fruit , and develops from a plant ovary or a carpel wall. D. A portion of plant tissue that is the outermost layer of endosperm in a seed , its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,aleurone layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005360 1_1_2rcev1e6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Mexican Americans'?","A. An American who can trace their ancestry to Mexico. The word may refer to someone born in the United States of Mexican descent or to someone who has emigrated to the United States from Mexico. B. Puerto Rican persons who are LGBTQIA+. C. Hispanic Americans who are LGBTQIA+. D. Mexican Americans who are LGBTQIA+.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Mexican Americans,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010164 1_1_nvw2kj29,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'ortho-fused compound'?","A. A polycyclic compound in which one ring contains two, and only two, atoms in common with each of two or more rings of a contiguous series of rings. Such compounds have n common faces and less than 2n common atoms. B. A polycyclic compound in which two rings have two, and only two, atoms in common. Such compounds have n common faces and 2n common atoms. C. A product demand in which the product is cigarettes. D. A polycyclic compound that contains more than one ring with at least two common atoms (also known as bridgehead carbons) that are adjacent to each other.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,ortho-fused compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33637 1_1_x6i12kkd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Retina'?","A. Layer of wall of eyeball which is continuous with optic nerve. B. Layer of wall of right eyeball which is continuous with right optic nerve. C. Synovial tendon sheath, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some finger. D. Layer of wall of left eyeball which is continuous with left optic nerve.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Retina,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma58301 1_1_fhjit1me,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ultra-long-chain 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA(4-)'?","A. Any very long-chain 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA(4-) in which the fatty acyl group has a chain length greater than C27. B. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-tyrosine with the amino group of L-asparagine. C. A 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of any very long-chain 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA (very long-chain = chain length greater than C22); major species at pH 7.3. D. A fatty acid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"ultra-long-chain 2,3-trans-enoyl CoA(4-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_143537 1_1_yz2hegb2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Smoothness Texture in mouth method'?","A. Take a small piece of sample, chew slowly and swallow and assess whether there is a lingering bitter taste afterwards B. While you chew, observe the degree of moistness of the sample mass C. After chewing feel sample between tongue and palate to assess the degree to which mass is free of grains D. Textural attribute relating to degree to which a substance can be adhere to surfaces of different material",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Smoothness Texture in mouth method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000935 1_1_vczylxza,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bioengineer or biomedical engineer'?","A. Evaluate network system security by conducting simulated internal and external cyberattacks using adversary tools and techniques. Attempt to breach and exploit critical systems and gain access to sensitive information to assess system security. B. Design and develop solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions. C. Design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource issues such as supply, quality, and regulatory compliance issues. D. Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,bioengineer or biomedical engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17203100 1_1_c9v6upms,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging'?","A. The visualization of physiological, cellular or molecular processes in living tissue in real time as they take place in cells, for example, blood flow, oxygen consumption or glucose metabolism. (Bypass Budget) B. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. C. Neuroglial cells of ectodermal origin, i.e., the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes considered together. Originally, the term was used for the astrocytes alone. D. The principle of functional MRI imaging is to take a series of images of an organ in quick succession and to statistically analyze the images for differences among them. Most commonly used in studies of brain function.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17958 1_1_xflyu4x7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations gPAPP type'?","A. An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by metaphyseal flaring of long bones, enlargement of the medial halves of the clavicles, maxillary hypoplasia, variable brachydactyly, and dystrophic teeth that has_material_basis_in heterozygous duplication of the RUNX2 gene on chromosome 6p21.1. B. An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by prenatal onset of disproportionate short stature, shortening of the limbs, joint hyperlaxity and/or dislocations, micrognathia, cleft palate, brachydactyly, short metacarpals, supernumerary carpal ossification centers and dysmorphic facial features that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the IMPAD1 gene on chromosome 8q12. C. An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by decreased ossification of the skull base, disc-like platyspondyly, short thin ribs, hypoplastic pelvis with wide sacrosciatic notches and flat acetabular roof, and short tubular long bones with metaphyseal cupping that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the COL2A1 gene on chromosome 12q13.11. D. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a deficiency in type-I collagen which results_in brittle bones and defective connective tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,chondrodysplasia with joint dislocations gPAPP type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112224 1_1_y4buvw9b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Distribution restricted'?","A. Distribution unrestricted is a distribution clause which states that the licensed resource can be redistributed by a third party in whatever manner that party wishes. B. Distribution clauses are license clauses which state the requirements on how the licensed resource is redistributed. The license for a resource may or may not allow the redistribution of that resource. If it is allowed, such usage may be restricted in a variety of ways. C. Distribution with notices is a distribution clause in which distribution is unrestricted, except that all distributions must retain certain licence information (e.g., copyright notices). D. Distribution restricted is a distribution clause which places restrictions on how the licensed resource may be distributed by third parties. These restrictions may be complete, e.g. no further redistribution, or partial.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Distribution restricted,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_10000036 1_1_i3sdwp67,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'OBSOLETE sepals 50% of final size'?","A. A root epidermal cell that develops from an epidermal initial and does not have as part a root hair . B. OBSOLETE. 50% of the absolute size of the sepals. C. A portion of endodermis that is part of a root cortex. D. An inflorescence axillary meristem that gives rise to a higher order inflorescence axis of an ear inflorescence .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,OBSOLETE sepals 50% of final size,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007609 1_1_ih6s3azi,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'proteasome complex'?","A. A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation, found in eukaryotes, archaea and some bacteria. In eukaryotes, this complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core. B. The organic response of tissues to external insult, injury or underlying genetic or epigenetic lesion. C. A compound containing at least one carbon-halogen bond (where X is a halogen atom). D. A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,proteasome complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000502 1_1_13rw91kq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hyponychium'?","A. Developmental membrane, each instance of which separates some pericardial cavity from some pleural cavity. Examples: There are only two pleuropericardial membranes. B. Organ component layer of skin, each instance of which is the thickened epidermis underneath the free distal end of some nail. C. Zone of fibrous pericardium which is continuous with the tunica adventitia of aorta and pulmonary trunk. D. Organ segment which is regional part of cervix. Examples: supravaginal part of cervix, ectocervix, paracervix.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hyponychium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma77860 1_1_37z8w7l2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mild oligozoospermia'?","A. A type of oligozoospermia characterized by a total number of more than 2 but less than 10 million sperm in the ejaculate or a concentration of more than 1 but less than 5 million sperm per milliliter. B. A type of oligozoospermia characterized by a total number of more than 30 but less than 39 million sperm in the ejaculate or a concentration of more than 10 but less than 15 million sperm per milliliter. C. Reduced count of spermatozoa in the semen, defined as a sperm count below 20 million per milliliter semen. D. A type of oligozoospermia characterized by a total number of more than zero but less than 2 million sperm in the ejaculate or a concentration of more than zero but less than one million sperm per milliliter.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Mild oligozoospermia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034816 1_1_568wmu40,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'oil paint thinner'?","A. A paint thinner specific for altering the viscosity of enamel paints. B. A solvent that can dissolve paint and reduce viscosity of paint or ""thin"" it. C. A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. D. A liquid, gel, or paste that can be mixed into acrylic paint to alter paint consistency and properties.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,oil paint thinner,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03510028 1_1_lya9p1ci,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tropical thorn forest'?","A. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). B. A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. C. A rainforest which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. D. A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tropical thorn forest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000400 1_1_7dyxwbyx,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'American Mediterranean Sea'?","A. A mediterranean sea located in the area between Southeast Asia and Australasia. It connects the Indian and Pacific Oceans. B. A sea situated between the northern coast of South America, the eastern coast of Central America and the islands of the West Indies. C. A mediterranean sea with lower salinity due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers, and water exchange consisting of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. D. A name for the combined watershed of the Mississippi River Basin and the waterbody of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,American Mediterranean Sea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009945 1_1_51gln42x,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stamen vascular system'?","A. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a sepal . B. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf . C. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a carpel . D. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a stamen .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stamen vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005018 1_1_i5watkyx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein kinase complex'?","A. A protein complex which is capable of protein kinase activity. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleus organization. C. A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain. D. A transferase complex capable of catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,protein kinase complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902911 1_1_vycds9so,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. D. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of happiness.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044734 1_1_dl5xrkz9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010408 1_1_6cicer9g,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, or systems assembler'?","A. File correspondence, cards, invoices, receipts, and other records in alphabetical or numerical order or according to the filing system used. Locate and remove material from file when requested. B. Receive and pay out money. Keep records of money and negotiable instruments involved in a financial institution's various transactions. C. Install and repair telecommunications cable, including fiber optics. D. Assemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and ventilating systems.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, or systems assembler",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51201100 1_1_u5zl05vl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry soil'?","A. A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. B. Soil which has a high water content. C. A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. D. Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dry soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005748 1_1_4avo8t2w,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malonaldehyde'?","A. A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. B. A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). C. Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. D. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,malonaldehyde,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_566274 1_1_mt74sf7n,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'taaba'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,taaba,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001005 1_1_fbe20ydg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'simian shelf'?","A. The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed a ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolC&. B. Anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes [GO]. The hard palate is formed from bony processes of the maxilla, premaxilla and palatine bone [Kardong]. C. A bony buttress on the inner surface of the foremost part of the ape mandible, functioning to reinforce the mandible. D. The muscular, non-bony arch-shaped posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,simian shelf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013450 1_1_fl16h518,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MCR algorithm'?","A. The circular binary segmentation (CBS) algorithm divides the genome into regions of equal copy number . The algorithm tests for change-points using a maximal t-statistic with a permutation reference distribution to obtain the corresponding p-value. The number of computations required for the maximal test statistic is O(N^2),where N is the number of markers. This makes the full permutation approach computationally prohibitive for the newer arrays that contain tens of thousands markers and highlights the need for a faster algorithm. B. A data mining algorithm is an algorithm that has as its objective a data mining task and outputs as a result a generalization specified by a generalization specification. C. minimum common regions (MCR) algorithm- Minimal common regions (MCRs) are dened as contiguous spans having at least a recurrence rate dened by a parameter (recurrence) across samples. D. Monte Carlo is a discrete stochastic simulation algorithm and an estimation procedure algorithm. If it is necessary to know the average value of some random variable and its distribution can not be stated, and if it is possible to take samples from the distribution, we can estimate it by taking the samples, independently, and averaging them. If there are sufficiently enough samples, then the law of large numbers says the average must be close to the true value. The central limit theorem says that the average has a Gaussian distribution around the true value.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MCR algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000278 1_1_wl3x572u,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Currarino syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by anorectal malformations, a presacral mass, and partial sacral agenesis with intact first sacral vertebra that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in HLXB9 on chromosome 7q36.3. B. A syndrome characterized by neuromyotonia and chondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in hypomorphic mutations in the HSPG2 gene on chromosome 1p36. C. A syndrome that is characterized by developmental delay, often with motor and speech delay, mildly impaired intellectual development (in most patients), learning difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities, including autism spectrum disorder and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KDM6B gene on chromosome 17p13. D. A syndrome characterized by retardation, hyperactivity, hypotonia, broad thumbs, big first toes and a characteristic facial appearance including macrocephaly and has an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Currarino syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111546 1_1_auczxo9g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete software development'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 24.9.2019: Duplicate of http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/organization/SWO_9000056 C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete software development,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/objective/SWO_4000007 1_1_hdzq45re,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'viral infection'?","A. Infection where the agent is a herpesvirus. B. An infection caused by a virus. C. An infection caused by a bacterium. D. Infection where the agent is a retrovirus.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,viral infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3439 1_1_wnpupzck,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulmonary vascular system'?","A. An epithelial tube that is fated to become a nephron. B. A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization. C. The portion of a renal lobe consisting of nephrons grouped around a single medullary ray and draining into a single collecting duct; human kidneys have multilobular, multipapillary architecture while mice and rats have unilobular, unipapillary kidneys. D. The part of the cardiovascular system consisting of all pulmonary arteries and all pulmonary veins.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pulmonary vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008886 1_1_haa07602,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'wanting'?","A. the process whereby relevant aspects of our mental experience are focused on specific targets B. A mental process that is the psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli. C. A mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving a part of the environment of the organism, and b) is experienced by the organism as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the organism. D. A mental process that involves thinking about a state of affairs that is not yet the case together with a desire for that state of affairs to come about.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,wanting,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000045 1_1_yewsy109,"In the ontology of Public Contracts, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contract award weighted criterion'?","A. Basic class for decribing a tender submitted by a bidder B. Class for description of one criterion and its weight C. Opening of tenders submitted for a public contract D. Class for decribing a framework agreement",B,1_1,business_finance/public_contracts_ontology,Contract award weighted criterion,http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#CriterionWeighting 1_1_fwmtp2y8,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'herb food product'?","A. A food product that has some spice or herb as a defining ingredient. B. A food product derived from a spice. C. A leaf of a plant that is used for flavoring. D. A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by breaks or interruptions.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,herb food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00003042 1_1_apnybrvl,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'exclusion subset ontology module'?","A. A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. B. A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology. C. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. D. An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,exclusion subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000010 1_1_n6jmm6m2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine cervix'?","A. Lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. B. A retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis or clitoris. Glands may also be present. C. A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body. D. Any of the ducts that are part of a male reproductive system.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,uterine cervix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000002 1_1_6h20ja40,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'person with a necrophilic disorder'?","A. A set of neologistic pronouns utilized by Kate Bornstein. B. Any of various individuals considered to have a paraphilic disorder or disorders. C. An individual who has been diagnosed with, or is widely considered to have, pedophilic disorder. D. An individual who has been diagnosed with, or is widely considered to have, necrophilic disorder.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,person with a necrophilic disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012032 1_1_rza42dv6,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'work'?","A. A location that can be referred to also using geographical coordinates. E.g.: the Rio river, Marrakesh, the entrance to the Black Forrest. B. An institution or recognizable group of individuals. Organizations can be formal or informal, have a strong degree of internal organization or be completely anarchic, have their own name or be anonymous, have their own legal status or be impromptu groups E.g.: the workers’ union, France, the Socialist party, the proponents of bill 103/32, the President of the Italian Republic. C. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology. D. The abstract concept of a legal resource. E.g.: act 3 of 2005.",D,1_1,legal/allot,work,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRWork 1_1_pvfzy2df,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of fingers in 2nd-most distal hand'?","A. The number of fingers in the second-most distal hand B. The time elapsed from planting to the death of the plant. C. The circumference of the pseudostem of the plant at 75 cm from the collar. D. The date of death of the plant.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of fingers in 2nd-most distal hand,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000722 1_1_cb2lx49z,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'social sciences teacher, postsecondary, all other'?","A. Teach courses pertaining to the culture and development of an area, an ethnic group, or any other group, such as Latin American studies, women's studies, or urban affairs. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. All postsecondary social sciences teachers not listed separately. C. Teach courses in geography. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses in economics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"social sciences teacher, postsecondary, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25106900 1_1_au6egl69,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'brain blood vessel'?","A. The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. B. Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. C. A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. D. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA].",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,brain blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003499 1_1_5sdnjq2i,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'flavaspidic acid PB'?","A. A polyphenol that is a phloroglucinol derivative isolated from the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma and has been shown to exhibit radical scavenging and antibacterial activity. B. A ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropenone (benzylideneacetophenone), ArCH=CH(=O)Ar, and its derivatives formed by substitution. C. A polyphenol which is the benzoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the hydroxy ester derivative produced by the successive intermolecular condensation of 3 molecules of 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxypropyl)benzoic acid with the carboxy OH of o-orsellinic acid. It is isolated from the Fungus strain no.17415 and exhibits activity against the infectivity of influenza A virus. D. A tetracyclic diterpenoid with formula C20H22O4, originally isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,flavaspidic acid PB,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65898 1_1_xe3hxwsp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'khaini'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fine leaf tobacco dust is mixed with molasses, red soil, lime, and water to form a tobacco-based paste. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, that in which ground tobacco is mixed with various flavouring agents like cinnamon, fruit and mint to form a sugar-free tablet. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried or fermented coarsely cut tobacco leaves are mixed with slaked lime and sometimes areca nut to create a flaky form.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,khaini,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000972 1_1_2um3fkz8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultured plant callus'?","A. A plant embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro. B. A cultured plant callus that is capable of forming somatic embryos. C. A plant callus grown or maintained in vitro. D. A plant structure that is grown or maintained in vitro.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cultured plant callus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000009 1_1_fo9d8yia,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'forehead reduction surgery'?","A. A surgical procedure in which the sape and/or volume of the forehead is changed. B. Forehead reduction surgery in which the hairline is lowered. C. Construction of the forehead following damage to it or its destruction. D. A surgical procedure in which the height of an individual's forehead is reduced.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,forehead reduction surgery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010701 1_1_y4bqi4tv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mechanosensory behavior'?","A. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus. B. The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. C. The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. D. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mechanosensory behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007638 1_1_7qa1qvlc,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Efficacy_Modification'?","A. When a part of an act or some provisions are suspended in coming to be operative for a period or indefinately B. Modifies the period of being in force of some norm C. Modifies the efficacy period of some norm D. When the efficacy or a partial efficacy starts before the entry into force of the document",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Efficacy_Modification,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Efficacy_Modification 1_1_a7m94nge,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'persistent stamen'?","A. A phyllome that is reduced in size relative to a vascular leaf on the same plant and is often associated with a perennating or dormant bud or a vegetatively propagating organ such as a rhizome. B. A phyllome that develops from a stamen and remains attached to a fruit at maturity. C. A phyllome that develops from a tepal and remains attached to a fruit at maturity. D. A phyllome that is part of the corolla , and is usually colored (not green).",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,persistent stamen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025247 1_1_1gm9le13,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'terminal vegetative bud'?","A. A bud that develops into a vegetative shoot system . B. A terminal bud that develops into a reproductive structure. C. A terminal bud that develops into a shoot system that has as organ parts only vegetative organs. D. A bud that develops from a shoot apical meristem.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,terminal vegetative bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004716 1_1_waz9dlyu,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sporangium theca'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is the main body of a sporangium and has spores located in it. B. Stipule-like appendage(s) at the base of a leaflet (in unifoliolate or simple leaves, found at the top of the petiole). C. A cardinal organ part that is an outgrowth of a root and is inhabited by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. D. A lamina that is part of a plant organ .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sporangium theca,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030041 1_1_i5lyzj3i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'imaginal disc development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.). B. The progression of the urethra over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The urethra is a renal system organ that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating hormones. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,imaginal disc development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007444 1_1_dbygk5t3,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spatio_Temporal_Occurrence'?","A. An absolute place is defined without reference to other places. B. An occurrence in space-time C. A place is a spatio-temporal-occurrence D. A location complex is a relatively stable complex of places referred to as one: it is the maximal collection of places with the same reference object.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Spatio_Temporal_Occurrence,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/lkif-top.owl#Spatio_Temporal_Occurrence 1_1_ly7bxrly,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'hate'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of how suddenly an event occurred. B. An emotion disposition is a disposition to repeated emotion process individuated by being of the same type and about the same object. C. A strong emotion associated with feelings of desire, warmth and intimacy for another person. [Source: OCEAS] D. A strong, negatively valenced emotion directed against a whole person for who or what they are. Often directed at whole groups based on religion, ethnicity, or race. [Source: OCEAS]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,hate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000024 1_1_gl0yvrpv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior pulmonary vein segment of pericardial sac'?","A. Inferior pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of the right inferior pulmonary vein. B. Inferior pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of the left inferior pulmonary vein. C. Pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of inferior pulmonary vein. D. Region of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of pulmonary vein.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior pulmonary vein segment of pericardial sac,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84894 1_1_ty64ef3k,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'EPL v1'?","A. The Terms of Use for EMBL-EBI Services reflect EMBL-EBI’s commitment to OpenScience through its mission to provide freely available online services, databases and software relating to data contributed from life science experiments to the largest possible community. They impose no additional constraints on the use of the contributed data than those provided by the data owner.
EMBL-EBI expects attribution (e.g. in publications, services or products) for any of its online services, databases or software in accordance with good scientific practice. The expected attribution will be indicated on the appropriate web page. B. The Academic Free License is a free software license under the definition of ""free"" by the GNU Project, is not copyleft, and is incompatible with the GNU GPL. C. CC BY-SA 4.0 is a copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project recommend this license for art, entertainment and educational works, but also recommend that it is not used for software or documentation, since it is tricky as to how exactly this license is compatible with the GNU GPL. D. The Eclipse Public License is similar to the Common Public License. This is a free software license. Unfortunately, its weak copyleft and choice of law clause make it incompatible with the GNU GPL. The only change is that the EPL removes the broader patent retaliation language regarding patent infringement suits specifically against Contributors to the EPL'd program.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,EPL v1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_9000084 1_1_kg2r790i,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'prevertebral cervical fascia'?","A. The prevertebral fascia (or prevertebral layer of cervical fascia) is a fascia in the neck. B. Any fascia tissue that is part of the neck region. C. The deep cervical fascia (or fascia colli in older texts) lies under cover of the Platysma, and invests the neck; it also forms sheaths for the carotid vessels, and for the structures situated in front of the vertebral column. Its attachment to the hyoid bone prevents the formation of a dewlap. The investing portion of the fascia is attached behind to the ligamentum nucha and to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. The 'alar fascia' is a portion of deep cervical fascia. D. Superficial cervical fascia is a thin layer of subcutaneous connective tissue that lies between the dermis of the skin and the deep cervical fascia. It contains the platysma, cutaneous nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels. It also contains a varying amount of fat, which is its distinguishing characteristic.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,prevertebral cervical fascia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013492 1_1_g1zwuc0b,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sea ice'?","A. _:753 B. In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. C. _:739 D. _:752",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sea ice,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeaIce 1_1_ei1ebrm2,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at nine nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at twelve nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant. D. The stage at which leaves at fifteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.12 twelve leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007064 1_1_6kzfq1rn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other personality and behavioral disorders due to known physiological condition'?","A. effects a persons mental health and emotional state B. Personality/behavioral disorders caused by physiological disorder C. A condition that affects the way your brain processes information and causes you to lose touch with reality. In this case, not caused by substance abuse or a known physiological condition D. general changes in brain function, such as confusion, amnesia (memory loss), loss of alertness, disorientation (not cognizant of self, time, or place), defects in judgment or thought, unusual or strange behavior, poor regulation of emotions, and disruptions in perception",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other personality and behavioral disorders due to known physiological condition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000409 1_1_f8zia3sz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MIACA Full Copyright'?","A. Data are to be used only for purposes of research and education. Commercial use is prohibited without written permission from Xenbase. The contributor(s) of unpublished data should be explicitly acknowledged in any publication that incorporates, or is based in part or entirely on these data. Xenbase should be explicitly acknowledged when data used in any publication, has been in part or solely derived from analysis of data from this website. As consent must be aquired for commercial use, this license only describes the non-commercial aspects of data usage (a separate agreement must be entered into for commercial use). B. MIACA Full Copyright is a vendor-specific license which allows the document it references to be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the MIACA Standards Initiative or other organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing MIACA Standards Initiative Recommendations in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the MIACA Document process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. C. The Addgene Terms of Use specifies under what legal requirements Addgene data may be accessed. Data is available for use for non-commercial purposes, but users must get express written consent of Addgene to exploit the data for commercial purposes. All copyright, trademark and other proprietary notices must be retained on the data. As consent must be aquired for commercial use, this license only allows non-commercial use (a separate agreement must be entered into for commercial use). D. The created contents and works provided under this license by CellFinder are subject to the German copyright law. Third-party contributions are marked as such. Reproduction, adaptation, dissemination and any kind of exploitation outside the limits of the copyright require the written consent of the author or creator. Downloads and copies of these pages are only permitted for private, non-commercial use. The operators of these pages aim to observe the copyright of others or will refer to their own or license-free works.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MIACA Full Copyright,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000119 1_1_eamljm7t,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure'?","A. A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. B. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to having an affinity for water; it is readily absorbing or dissolving in water. C. A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. D. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,pressure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001025 1_1_7zm4nqyf,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'VisualNovel'?","A. Third Person Shooter B. Peculiar type of video game that takes its name from its two progenitors, ""Metroid"" and ""Castlevania"". It is characterized by the side-scrolling view and the need to return to previously explored places taking advantage of new equipment unlocked as the story progresses C. Peculiar type of game characterized both by an interactive adventure with mulltiple choices that influence the plot as well as the heavy presence of text. The visual elements (images, short films) mostly frame the text. D. Sociological actor inside or outside the game",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,VisualNovel,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#VisualNovel 1_1_mvcv9irj,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'chase prey'?","A. Building of a trap, web, net, or other structure to help ensnare potential food items. B. Behaviors that result in ending flight of prey with successful predation. C. Suite of behaviors involved in securing a prey item once it has been located. D. Active pursuit of fleeing prey.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,chase prey,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0020040 1_1_g2jta2hu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'CCR6 chemokine receptor binding'?","A. Binding to a CCR6 chemokine receptor. B. Binding to a CCR chemokine receptor. C. Binding to a CCR3 chemokine receptor. D. Binding to a CCR7 chemokine receptor.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,CCR6 chemokine receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031731 1_1_bd7ei6ue,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in zymogen activation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. D. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in zymogen activation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044543 1_1_5mlk4g70,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fibrous joint'?","A. Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth. B. Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint. C. Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, distal tibiofibular joint, dento-alveolar joint. D. Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Fibrous joint,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7492 1_1_zapt8snm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior sclerotic cartilage'?","A. The space located on lateral aspects of the pons at the junction with the celebellum. B. Sclerotic cartilage that is located posterior to the eye. C. Circular cartilage ringing the posterior portion of the eye in the sclera. Supports the eye. D. Sclerotic cartilage that is located anterior to the eye.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,posterior sclerotic cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4300181 1_1_p9gzec97,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'acid rain'?","A. The climate of a natural region of small extent, for example, valley, forest, plantation, and park. Because of subtle differences in elevation and exposure, the climate may not be representative of the general climate of the region. B. The removal of atmospheric gases or particles through their incorporation into hydrometeors, which are then lost by precipitation. C. A popular expression for the deposition by rainfall of various airborne pollutants (especially SO2 and NO2) that have harmful effects on vegetation, soils, buildings and other external structures. D. Removal of pollutants from the air by either rain or snow. Rainout (or snowout), which is the in-cloud capture of particulates as condensation nuclei, is one form of scavenging.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,acid rain,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoTransport/AcidRain 1_1_0mtplxon,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'brachydactyly type A6'?","A. A brachydactyly characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the ulnar side of the hand and shortening of one or more metacarpals but normal stature. B. A brachydactyly characterized by short, abducted thumbs and great toes. C. A brachydactyly characterized by brachymesophalangy with mesomelic short limbs, absence or hypoplasia of second phalanges with synostosis of the remaining phalanges, and carpal and tarsal coalitions. D. A brachydactyly characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of malformations of the middle phalanx of the index finger and anomalies of the second toe that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BMPR1B gene on chromosome 4q or in the GDF5 gene on chromosome 20q11 or heterozygous duplication in a regulatory element of BMP2 on chromosome 20p12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,brachydactyly type A6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110968 1_1_e5sf8g2s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'prephenate(2-) metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-). B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prephenate(2-). C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving prephenate(2-). D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,prephenate(2-) metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901745 1_1_zrcdqupf,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: pyridoxine + UDP-D-glucose = 5'-O-beta-D-glucosylpyridoxine + H+ + UDP. B. Catalysis of the reaction: an NDP-alpha-D-glucose + D-fructose = a ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate + H+ + sucrose. The phosphate acceptor can be UDP or ADP. C. Catalysis of the reaction: salicylic acid + UDP-glucose = salicylic acid 2-O-glucoside + UDP. D. Catalysis of the reaction: poly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucosylpoly(glycerol phosphate) + UDP.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pyridoxine 5'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047231 1_1_6c0ohy4o,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Personal Attribute'?","A. The party or parties involved in the clinical trial who are prevented from having knowledge of the interventions assigned to individual participants. B. A case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. C. The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspects of an individual person. D. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Personal Attribute,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C19332 1_1_4y9ctpx4,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'resequent stream'?","A. A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. B. A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. C. A stream which is composed primarily of fresh water. D. A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,resequent stream,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000492 1_1_84rhy8va,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'leave one out cross validation method'?","A. is a data transformation : leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) involves using a single observation from the original sample as the validation data, and the remaining observations as the training data. This is repeated such that each observation in the sample is used once as the validation data B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. A data transformation which assesses how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. D. Computer software, or generally just software, is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that conform to a given syntax (sometimes referred to as a language) that is interpretable by a given processor and that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,leave one out cross validation method,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0200033 1_1_bbsmg1ov,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contact with and (suspected) exposure to intestinal infectious diseases'?","A. Patient is thought to have been exposed to the virus in question B. Patient was exposed to SARS-associated coronavirus C. large number of infections of the bowels including: cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, other types of salmonella infections, shigellosis, botulism, gastroenteritis, and amoebiasis among others. D. patient kept under observation for suspected disease/condition",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Contact with and (suspected) exposure to intestinal infectious diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000097 1_1_bjg3brxb,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.07 seven leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at three nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at ten nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at six nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at seven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.07 seven leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007063 1_1_z2l2csiw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'epicalyx bract'?","A. A bract that subtends a perianth that is part of a flower . B. The upper (distal), usually smaller, of the pair of flower bracts enclosing a spikelet floret. C. The lower, usually larger, of the pair of flower bracts enclosing a spikelet floret. D. A flower bract that is part of the epicalyx .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,epicalyx bract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025577 1_1_yzgtbzkb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'primordial germ cell'?","A. An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. B. A sperm cell that is cabaple of motion (motility). C. A primordial germ cell is a diploid germ cell precursors that transiently exist in the embryo before they enter into close association with the somatic cells of the gonad and become irreversibly committed as germ cells. D. A stem cell that is the precursor of gametes.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,primordial germ cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000670 1_1_0prrs6ln,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed protein content'?","A. Stem sodium content. B. Leaf sodium content. C. Linoleic acid content of seeds. D. Protein content of seeds.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed protein content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000014 1_1_w6dqzrog,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'multicellular trichome'?","A. A portion of plant tissue consisting of four megaspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. One cell will give rise to a female gametophyte. B. A portion of plant tissue that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis . C. Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle. D. A portion of plant tissue that is the covering of a seed derived from ovular - mainly integumentary - tissue.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,multicellular trichome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025162 1_1_95xg3l51,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'paired fin radial element'?","A. A lamina propria that is part of a urinary bladder [Automatically generated definition]. B. The area of the (spleen) secondary B follicle that surrounds the germinal center and harbors the small recirculating B lymphocytes. C. Cyllindrical pillar that originates anterior to the acetabulum and extends to the ilial shaft. D. Radial element that is part of a paired fin.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,paired fin radial element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1600006 1_1_fdp69g7q,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(2S)-2-methylheptadecanoic acid'?","A. A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is hexadecanoic acid with unsaturation at positions 4, 7, 10 and 13. It is found in Daphnia galeata. B. A methyl-branched fatty acid that is heptadecanoic (margaric) acid bearing a methyl substituent at position 2 (the S-enantiomer). C. A long-chain trienoic fatty acid consisting of octadecanoic acid having the three double bonds at positions 9, 11 and 15 as well as an epoxy ring linking positions 12 and 13. D. A tetradecenoic acid in which the double bond is at the 9-10 position and has Z configuration. Myristoleic acid has been isolated from Serenoa repens and has cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(2S)-2-methylheptadecanoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85218 1_1_hm5ayauu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'interatrial septum'?","A. A cardiac septum that divides the left and right atria of the heart. B. Cardiac septum which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.[FMA]. C. The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. D. The wall of the heart that separates the right atrium and left ventricle; and is located just above the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,interatrial septum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002085 1_1_kg1afrs2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'NMDA receptor antagonist'?","A. Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. B. The process in which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule. C. Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. D. Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,NMDA receptor antagonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60643 1_1_iocsj3ot,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem rot susceptibility - Estimation'?","A. Observe the plant susceptibility to stem rot, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible. B. Observe the plant susceptibility to powdery mildew, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible. C. Observe standard petal colour and record it. D. Observe the plant susceptibility to herbicide, and rate it from tolerant/resistant to susceptible.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem rot susceptibility - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_365:0000185 1_1_6ympjlxg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tissue regeneration'?","A. The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form. B. The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. C. The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. D. The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tissue regeneration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042246 1_1_jp5nhl1q,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.08 eight leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at one node, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.08 eight leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007095 1_1_xrj8tvmm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Jejunal lymph node group'?","A. Celiac lymph node group located around the common hepatic artery. B. Intestinal lymph node group around the superior mesenteric artery. C. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the jejunum. D. Abdominal proper lymph node group located along trunk of splenic artery.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Jejunal lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278104 1_1_km5mrrr3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-(methoxyacetyl)-4-hydroxyproline'?","A. A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is proline. A ""closed"" class. B. A hydroxyproline that is proline substituted by two hydroxy substituents. C. A hydroxyproline that is L-proline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. D. A 4-hydroxyproline substituted at N-1 by an methoxyacetyl group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-(methoxyacetyl)-4-hydroxyproline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67259 1_1_crjncwth,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco leaf product'?","A. A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed to enable absorption of a some tobacco constituent through an epithelial membrane. B. A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed to make it suitable for burning for the user to take the smoke into the body. C. A product that is made of tobacco or has tobacco as a part and is used by people to take some tobacco constituent into the body. D. A tobacco-containing product that consists of chopped unprocessed tobacco leaves.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco leaf product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000922 1_1_k5mh8lfm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial nephrotic syndrome'?","A. A nephrotic syndrome that has_material_basis_in genetic mutations. B. A familial nephrotic syndrome that has_material_basis_in by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NUP85 gene on chromosome 17q25. C. A familial nephrotic syndrome characterized by onset in the first decade of life of steroid resistant progressive renal disease that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NUP107 gene on chromosome 12q15. D. A familial nephrotic syndrome characterized by prenatal onset of massive proteinuria followed by steroid resistant renal disease that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NPHS1 gene on chromosome 19q13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial nephrotic syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2590 1_1_vfz1bo3h,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'lysobisphosphatidic acid'?","A. A lysobisphosphatidic acid carrying the fatty acyl groups at positions sn-2 and sn-2' of glycerol. B. Any monoacylglycerol phosphate obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid or derivatives therein. C. A lysobisphosphatidic acid carrying the fatty acyl groups at positions sn-3 and sn-3' of glycerol. D. A lysophosphatidic acid having the unusual property of a phosphodiester moiety linked to positions sn-1 and sn1' of glycerol; and two additional fatty acids esterified to the glycerol head group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,lysobisphosphatidic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60815 1_1_4f0cf9bq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'data processing algorithm'?","A. This algorithm offers improved confidence scores, quality scores for SNP’s and batches, higher accuracy on different datasets and better performance. B. Monte Carlo is a discrete stochastic simulation algorithm and an estimation procedure algorithm. If it is necessary to know the average value of some random variable and its distribution can not be stated, and if it is possible to take samples from the distribution, we can estimate it by taking the samples, independently, and averaging them. If there are sufficiently enough samples, then the law of large numbers says the average must be close to the true value. The central limit theorem says that the average has a Gaussian distribution around the true value. C. A statistical test is an algorithm for making quantitative decisions to determine which outcomes of a study would lead to a rejection of the null hypothesis for a pre-specified level of significance. D. A data processing algorithm is an algorithm that has as its objective a data processing task and has data items both as input and output.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,data processing algorithm,http://kt.ijs.si/panovp/OntoDM#OntoDM_361570 1_1_elkdo2qo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pollen allergy'?","A. A respiratory allergy that has_allergic_trigger 4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide. B. A respiratory allergy that has_allergic_trigger remazole black-GR. C. A respiratory allergy triggered by pollen. D. A pollen allergy triggered by Phleum pratense pollen.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pollen allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060497 1_1_lx803wwz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dihydroisorhamnetin'?","A. A quassinoid that is 13,20-epoxypicras-3-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 11, 12, 14 and 15 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 16. Isolated from the ethanol extract of the stem of Brucea mollis, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. B. A cytochalasan alkaloid found in Chaetomium globosum. C. A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 5 and a methyl group at position 8. It has been isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus. D. A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is taxifolin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a metabolite of taxifolin.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dihydroisorhamnetin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_175075 1_1_zsx3m1cv,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine replacement therapy user'?","A. A person who does not suffer from opioid use disorder but who, by virtue of his or her personal qualities or environment, has an elevated probability of developing opioid use disorder in the future. B. A person whose age is less than that of an adult. C. An NRT user who does not use their product on a daily basis. D. A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine replacement therapy user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001191 1_1_v7r3qndo,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'coitus reservatus'?","A. Coitus reservatus is a form of sexual intercourse in which the penetrative partner does not attempt to ejaculate within the receptive partner, but instead attempts to remain at the plateau phase of intercourse for as long as possible avoiding the seminal emission. B. A Rwanda-Rundi name given to a sexual practice found in the Great Lakes region of East Africa which is meant to facilitate a woman's orgasm and ejaculation during intercourse. Kunyaza typically involves a non-penetrative phase, and then a penetrative phase, in progression. C. Occurrence in penile-vaginal intercourse when the muscles in the vagina clamp down on the penis much more firmly than usual, making it impossible for the penis to withdraw from the vagina. D. Removing or preventing vaginal lubrication through practices associated with dry sex increases friction during intercourse, which may be perceived as increased vaginal tightness, and enhanced sexual pleasure for the male partner. Some men who insist on dry sex regard ""wet"" women as unchaste. Dry sex can be painful for women and men. Dry sex is common in Sub-Saharan Africa and it has also been reported in Suriname among Afro-Surinamese women. The practice has been linked to the high incidence of HIV/AIDS infection in South Africa.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,coitus reservatus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001368 1_1_4muq5hph,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immune response'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. B. Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. C. Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,immune response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 1_1_coxh1jml,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sarcoplasm'?","A. Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex. B. Discrete temporal embryo between 50-51 days postovulation. C. Cell component which has as its direct parts a portion of cytosol and one or more organelles. Examples: cytoplasm of hepatocyte, cytoplasm of erythrocyte, cytoplasm of thrombocyte, cytoplasm of neuron. D. Cytoplasm in muscle cell.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Sarcoplasm,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67717 1_1_cevwv6iq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lumbosacral nerve plexus'?","A. A continuation of the neuron projection bundle component of a nerve inside, crossing or immediately outside the central nervous system. B. The inferior mesenteric plexus is derived chiefly from the aortic plexus. It surrounds the inferior mesenteric artery, and divides into a number of secondary plexuses, which are distributed to all the parts supplied by the artery, viz. , the left colic and sigmoid plexuses, which supply the descending and sigmoid parts of the colon; and the superior hemorrhoidal plexus, which supplies the rectum and joins in the pelvis with branches from the pelvic plexuses. C. The cerebrospinal nerves consist of numerous nerve fibers collected together and enclosed in membranous sheaths. A small bundle of fibers, enclosed in a tubular sheath, is called a funiculus; if the nerve is of small size, it may consist only of a single funiculus; but if large, the funiculi are collected together into larger bundles or fasciculi, which are bound together in a common membranous investment. Examples include: Anterior funiculus of the spinal cord Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord Posterior funiculus of the spinal cord Funiculus solitarius of the medulla Funiculus separans. D. An arrangement of nerve fibers, running from the spine that travels to the pelvic appendage where it innervates skin and muscle.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lumbosacral nerve plexus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001815 1_1_n9j61w7q,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of glial cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of glial cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060251 1_1_wrroi97n,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'landspout'?","A. Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. B. A tornado that occurs with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer. The parent cloud does not contain a preexisting midlevel mesocyclone. Landspouts and gustnadoes are examples of the nonsupercell tornado. C. 1. In general, any tornado over a body of water. 2. In its most common form, a nonsupercell tornado over water. D. (Rare.) A tornado. 2. Colloquial expression describing tornadoes occurring with a parent cloud in its growth stage and with its vorticity originating in the boundary layer.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,landspout,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/Landspout 1_1_2yywotiz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Condylion mediale'?","A. Anatomical point of skull where the temporal line intersects the coronal suture. B. Anatomical point of skull where inferior border of body of mandible meets posterior border of ramus of mandible. C. Anatomical point of skull located on the most medial part of mandibular condyle. D. Anatomical cranial point which is midline at the inferior tip of the bony septum between the upper central incisors.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Condylion mediale,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264691 1_1_r2ptazlw,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'flurazepam'?","A. A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. B. A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia. C. A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. D. A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,flurazepam,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5128 1_1_yrjr7xoo,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'cinder cone'?","A. A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. B. A steep volcanic cone built by both lava flows and pyroclastic eruptions C. A volcanic cone built entirely of loose fragmented material (pyroclastics.) D. A type of volcanic cone formed by the interaction of basaltic magma and water. Smaller and steeper than a tuff ring.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,cinder cone,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/CinderCone 1_1_0sb26ips,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Guinea Pig'?","A. Any primate that is not a prosimian (lemurs and tarsiers) or an ape. B. The domesticated guinea pig, Cavia porcellus. C. An animal that is amenable to experimentation and whose physiological or pathologic mechanisms are sufficiently similar to those of a human for the animal to serve as a model. D. A disease in a transgenic animal with pathologic mechanisms sufficiently similar to those of a human disease for the animal disease to serve as a model.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Guinea Pig,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C14211 1_1_9a31ebx7,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids'?","A. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs B. conditions of the lng caused by outside agents C. Pneumonitis (noo-moe-NIE-tis) is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue D. A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000186 1_1_8uyu9rjv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nervous system process'?","A. The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. B. The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. C. A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates. D. An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nervous system process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050877 1_1_1idafwuu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'single live birth'?","A. careful watch of patient who has a high chance of being pregnant B. abnormality in the shape of a body part or organ C. a problem with how your stomach and bowels function or work D. used to just note the patient's status with their pregnancy",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,single live birth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000544 1_1_t43d4akw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of motor neuron migration. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral motor column neuron migration.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of lateral motor column neuron migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902076 1_1_4mlglvpw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type E brachydactyly'?","A. Disproportionately short middle and distal phalanges compared to the hand/foot. B. Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here. C. This type of brachydactyly is characterized by short and broad terminal phalanges of the thumbs and big toes. D. In type E brachydactyly, shortening of the fingers is mainly in the metacarpals and metatarsals.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Type E brachydactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005863 1_1_z9l6xxho,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051446 1_1_f2jtngg7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'nail of pedal digit 2'?","A. A nail that is part of a pedal digit 4. B. A nail that is part of a pedal digit 2. C. A nail that is part of a pedal digit 1. D. A nail that is part of a pedal digit 3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,nail of pedal digit 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011279 1_1_ou2yj5y9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract'?","A. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. B. Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts C. An section of a respiratory tract. D. A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,proximo-distal subdivision of respiratory tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000072 1_1_p8j8o8x8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'convection cell'?","A. A bow-shaped line of convective cells that is often associated with swaths of damaging straight-line winds and small tornadoes. B. An organized unit of convection within a convecting layer. It is isolated by a stream surface, with ascending motion in the center and descending motion near the periphery, or vice versa. C. process that multiple substances are in contact and have some consequence D. A regular pattern of convective cells that can develop in an atmospheric boundary layer heated from below or radiatively cooled from cloud top. This phenomenon is readily observed in satellite imagery during cold air outbreaks when continental air passes over the relatively warm coastal ocean. Cloud lines, marking horizontal roll vortices, form initially in the developing marine atmospheric boundary layer. These lines evolve into open cells, which are defined by clouds in the upward motion along the edges of honeycomb- shaped cells, with less cloudy subsiding air in their centers. The convective structure further evolves into closed cells, which have cloudy centers and cloud-free edges.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,convection cell,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/ConvectionCell 1_1_ikrooe8p,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Postprandial exacerbation'?","A. Applied to a sign or symptom that is worsened by treatment with a medication. B. Applied to a sign or symptom that is more severe during mensutruation. C. Applied to a sign or symptom that is more severe following a meal. D. Applied to a sign or symptom that is present during pregnancy and becomes worse following birth.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Postprandial exacerbation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000932 1_1_jsphrjys,"In the ontology of Chemical Information, which of the following definitions best describes 'composition'?","A. Melting point descriptor specifies the temperature at which a chemical substance undergoes the transition from solid to liquid state under standard conditions. B. Descriptors which show the relationship between two ligands attached to separate atoms that are connected by a double bond or are contained in a ring. The two ligands are said to be located cis to each other if they lie on the same side of a plane. If they are on opposite sides, their relative position is described as trans. The appropriate reference plane of a double bond is perpendicular to that of the relevant s-bonds and passes through the double bond.[source:IUPAC Gold Book - http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01092.html] C. From PATO. D. from PATO",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_information_ontology,composition,http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000230 1_1_th4vqxqg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dwarf planet'?","A. A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. B. Vegetables are foods derived from many different kinds of plants mostly annual and usually cultivated, commonly known by custom and tradition as ""vegetables"". In several countries, some of these commodities grown on large areas are distinguished as ""field crops"" or arable crops e.g. sugar beet. For the sake of convenience in this guide such crops are classified under Type 2 Vegetables. Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the plant used for food and the growing practices. Vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed foods. C. This class is hard to define and is sometimes treated as equivalent to 'minor planet'. D. An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dwarf planet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000808 1_1_qk0hxng4,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of loss'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of whether the person was treated justly or unjustly by another person. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about whether an event is consistent with the person's standards or ideals. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a belief that something or someone that is important to the person has been lost to the person. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the urgency of responding to an event.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of loss,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000106 1_1_yuoaersg,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular organism'?","A. A cellular organism is an organism that contains one or more cells. B. Organism or cells with a nucleus separated from the cytoplasm by a two membrance nuclear envelope and compartmentalization of function into distinct cytoplasmic organelles. C. A non-cellular organism is an organism that does not contain a cell. D. A self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves. Digital organisms are used as a tool to study the dynamics of Darwinian evolution, and to test or verify specific hypotheses or mathematical models of evolution. The study of digital organisms is closely related to the area of artificial life.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cellular organism,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_010377 1_1_q8rvi75f,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acrylamide stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular response to 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904566 1_1_vrvolfi6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'nanoplastic particle'?","A. A piece of plastic which is between 5 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. B. A piece of plastic which is linear and flexible. C. This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternative classifications are a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 5 millimetres in diameter, a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 millimetre, or a piece of plastic which has a diameter greater than 330 micrometres. The use of the word diameter in this case was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. D. A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 micrometre.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,nanoplastic particle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105105 1_1_185uci25,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'HIV/AIDS education'?","A. Education which increases the knowledge of the functional, structural, and behavioral aspects of human sexual interaction. B. In Singapore, a birth certificate issued for all subsequent requests for birth certificates following the certificate of registration of birth. C. Education about the human immunodeficiency viruses and the diseases they cause, primarily AIDS. Comprehensive HIV/AIDS education focuses on both the sexual and non-sexual components of HIV-associated diseases. D. Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,HIV/AIDS education,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006862 1_1_fe91vcbk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'transverse nasal root vein'?","A. Portion of the anterior ramus of the cleithrum that invest the anterior margin of the suprascapula, extending onto its dorsal surface. B. A vein that is tributary of the angular veins and drains blood from the bridge of the nose. C. A type II vestibular sensory cell that is part of the epithelium of macula of saccule of membranous labyrinth. D. The capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,transverse nasal root vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8600089 1_1_u2amfa1j,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone of craniocervical region'?","A. A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. B. Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. C. A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. D. A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bone of craniocervical region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007914 1_1_v37fa0vv,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'ligament of larynx'?","A. A ligament that is part of a larynx and connexts the cartilages of the larynx. B. In human, ductal plate is a double-layered cylindrical structure of bile duct epithelium that surrounds the portal ramifications by the eighth gestational week. After approximately the 12th gestational week, remodelling of ductal plate begins, and maturity is attained by the end of gestation or early postnatal period. C. A mucous gland that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition]. D. A discrete anatomical unit of the lung that is composed of a segmental bronchus and the lung tissue supplied by that bronchus. A bronchopulmonary segment exhibits a pyramidal shape, with its apex pointing towards the center of the lung and its base toward the pleural surface.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,ligament of larynx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001743 1_1_95lf40ph,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hispanic lesbian'?","A. A lesbian who is Hispanic American. B. A civilization extant from about 1200 BC. to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 B.C. It extended from the Greek city states to North Africa and eastward to the Indus River. C. A Hispanic woman who is a lesbian. D. A Hispanic person who is gay.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Hispanic lesbian,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010153 1_1_qg026o77,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'hospital outpatient clinic facility'?","A. A research activity that forms part of a research study that aims to influence an outcome. B. A hospital facility to treat patients without them staying overnight, often after a hospital visit. C. A health care facility that bears the function to provide acute and intensive healthcare services and that is run by a hospital organization and is the bearer of a hospital function. D. A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,hospital outpatient clinic facility,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_026015 1_1_pwgbkxll,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spiral limbus'?","A. Region of cochlear duct, each instance of which is a thickened periosteum of some osseous spiral lamina at the attachment of some vestibular membrane. B. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which is a smooth eminence overlying the hypoglossal canal on the superior surface of the lateral part of some occipital bone. C. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin. D. Anatomical valve, each instance of which is a small cusp of fold in tunica intima of some vein, serving to prevent backflow of some blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Spiral limbus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma77843 1_1_4ivvlm9s,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'rbsurv'?","A. Software and data to support the case studies. B. This package explores and analyzes *omics data with R and GGobi C. EBImage is an R package which provides general purpose functionality for the reading, writing, processing and analysis of images. Furthermore, in the context of microscopy based cellular assays, EBImage offers tools to transform the images, segment cells and extract quantitative cellular descriptors. D. This package selects genes associated with survival.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,rbsurv,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000683 1_1_d802i848,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rating of fruit size'?","A. Visual observation of disease presence of Algal stem blotch B. Visual observation of insect presence of Bud mite C. Visual rating of overall fruit size D. Visual observation of disease presence of Phytophthora root rot",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Rating of fruit size,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_371:0000394 1_1_l31v2p54,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'SGC_plus - Measurement'?","A. Standard method for leaf chlorophyll content B. Standard method for seed oil content (%) C. Calculated by dividing fruit branch length by fruit branch nodes D. Gossypol is a terpenoid aldehyde that exists in enantiomeric forms (+)",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,SGC_plus - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000391 1_1_oc4zfayq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pile driver operator'?","A. Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports, forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned. B. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards. C. Serve food to individuals outside of a restaurant environment, such as in hotel rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, or cars. D. Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,pile driver operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47207200 1_1_ntmxzeme,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sweden'?","A. A republic located on an archipelago in the Macaronesia ecoregion of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the western coast of Africa. Cape Verde is divided into 22 municipalities (concelhos), and subdivided into 32 parishes (freguesias). B. A country in eastern Africa, west of Kenya. C. A country in northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia. The capital is Helsinki. D. A country on the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan on the northwest, Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Persian Gulf lies to the northeast and the Red Sea to its west. Saudi Arabia is divided into 13 provinces or regions (manatiq; singular mintaqah). Each is then divided into Governorates.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Sweden,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00002729 1_1_xi9tnvep,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant embryo axis'?","A. A plant axis that is the axial part of a plant embryo . B. A plant structure that is part of an plant embryo . C. An embryonic plant structure that is a more or less shield-shaped and absorptive portion of a plant embryo of Poaceae. D. A plant axis that is part of a shoot system .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant embryo axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0019018 1_1_ivwpo0l8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell junction assembly'?","A. The assembly and organization of the sperm mitochondrial sheath, the tightly packed helical sheath of ATP-producing mitochondria restricted to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. B. The assembly and organization of a bilobe structure, a cytoskeletal structure in some kinetoplastid species linking the structures of the ciliary pocket collar and the flagellum attachment zone (aka cilium attachment zone). C. A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction. D. The cell cycle process in which aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle midzone. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cell junction assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034329 1_1_q8c8uzhf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fat transfer lip augmentation'?","A. The predominant religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity started by Joseph Smith in Western New York in the 1820s and 1830s. B. Lip augmentation in which a tissue graft to the lips is made. Typically, skin is removed from the lower stomach area and utilized. C. Lip augmentation in which fat transfer to the lips is made. D. Lip augmentation using one's own tissue.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,fat transfer lip augmentation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010720 1_1_hvuej3bq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sales engineer'?","A. Teach students on a short-term basis as a temporary replacement for a regular classroom teacher, typically using the regular teacher's lesson plan. B. Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems for transportation, stationary, or portable applications. C. Design or plan protocols for equipment or processes to produce products meeting internal and external purity, safety, and quality requirements. D. Sell business goods or services, the selling of which requires a technical background equivalent to a baccalaureate degree in engineering.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,sales engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41903100 1_1_mqa86wca,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixing or blending machine setter, operator, or tender'?","A. Directly supervise and coordinate work activities of cleaning personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines to mix or blend materials, such as chemicals, tobacco, liquids, color pigments, or explosive ingredients. C. Operate or tend equipment to control chemical changes or reactions in the processing of industrial or consumer products. Equipment used includes devulcanizers, steam-jacketed kettles, and reactor vessels. D. Operate telephone, radio, or other communication systems to receive and communicate requests for emergency assistance at 9-1-1 public safety answering points and emergency operations centers. Take information from the public and other sources regarding crimes, threats, disturbances, acts of terrorism, fires, medical emergencies, and other public safety matters. May coordinate and provide information to law enforcement and emergency response personnel. May access sensitive databases and other information sources as needed. May provide additional instructions to callers based on knowledge of and certification in law enforcement, fire, or emergency medical procedures.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"mixing or blending machine setter, operator, or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51902300 1_1_wcojnno4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9'?","A. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by severe intrauterine growth restriction, neonatal-onset hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA depletion in liver and skeletal muscle, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology observed in skeletal muscle and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TFAM gene on chromosome 10q21. B. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by childhood onset of slowly progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and generalized skeletal myopathy resulting in exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and atrophy, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the the solute carrier family 25 member 4 on chromosome 4q35. C. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome characterized by childhood onset of encephalopathy, stroke-like episodes, lactic acidosis, hypocitrullinemia, and multiple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficiencies that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the MRM2 gene on chromosome 7p22.3. Phenotype is similar to MELAS syndrome. D. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by infantile onset of hypotonia, lactic acidosis, severe psychomotor retardation, progressive neurologic deterioration, and excretion of methylmalonic acid, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the alpha subunit of the succinate-CoA ligase gene on chromosome 2p11.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080128 1_1_tdrc59g5,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'syndrome'?","A. A pattern of signs and symptoms that typically co-occur. B. A quality of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. C. An abnormal observable quality of a part of a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. D. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000086 1_1_7g0urjrh,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'focal nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma 1'?","A. A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of hallucinogenic drugs despite negative consequences. B. A focal nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TRPV3 gene on chromosome 17p13.2. C. A focal nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KRT16 gene on chromosome 17q21.2. D. A nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by localized areas of hyperkeratosis located mainly on pressure points and sites of recurrent friction.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,focal nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111709 1_1_ws2fev9f,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation'?","A. The width of the flower B. The size of the mature leaf C. The pigmentation of the abaxial leaf vein D. The base color of the vine",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000034 1_1_t7jd3qwx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gastric hypertrophy'?","A. A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the stomach. B. Hypertrophy of the stomach. C. Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the stomach. D. An abnormality of the gastric mucous membrane.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Gastric hypertrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005207 1_1_87yp5caj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lymphatic system'?","A. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle. B. Segment of lymphoid system which has as its direct parts right lymphatic tree organ and thoracic duct tree. Examples: There is only one lymphatic system. C. Systemic artery which supplies the heart. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the left posterior cusp of the aortic valve to the wall of heart.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lymphatic system,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7162 1_1_yvku1h8u,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '16alpha-hydroxyestrone 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)(1-)'?","A. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 16alpha-hydroxyestrone 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. B. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of estriol 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. C. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 2-hydroxyestrone 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. D. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 4-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,16alpha-hydroxyestrone 16-O-(beta-D-glucuronide)(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136636 1_1_i0pxq11v,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5-[[3-(1-phenylethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidineacetic acid'?","A. A member of the class of cyclohexanols that is cyclohexane substituted by carboxy, hydroxy and phenyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 2, respectively. B. Naphthalenes in which one or more alkyloxy groups are bonded to a naphthalene ring system. C. A glycoside that consists of alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in which the hydrogen at the reducing end is substituted by a carboxypentyl group. D. A member of the class of thiazolidinones that is 2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethyl and 3-(1-phenylethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)benzylidene groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of protein mannosyl transferase 1 (PMT1) and blocks protein O-mannosylation.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,5-[[3-(1-phenylethoxy)-4-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl]methylene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidineacetic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156434 1_1_bymkq9vp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001800 1_1_jg83cqut,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'data warehousing specialist'?","A. Inspect and investigate sources of pollution to protect the public and environment and ensure conformance with Federal, State, and local regulations and ordinances. B. Design, model, or implement corporate data warehousing activities. Program and configure warehouses of database information and provide support to warehouse users. C. Design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource issues such as supply, quality, and regulatory compliance issues. D. Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws, guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and contracting arrangements give equal opportunity without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,data warehousing specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15124301 1_1_g1t16e00,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Griscelli syndrome'?","A. A Griscelli syndrome characterized by silvery gray sheen of the hair, hypopigmentation of the skin and neurological impairment without immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in mutations in the MYO5A gene on chromosome 15q21.2. B. An integumentary system disease that is located_in skin. C. An integumentary system disease characterized by silvery gray sheen of the hair and hypopigmentation of the skin. D. A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the integumentary system comprising the skin and its appendages.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Griscelli syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060831 1_1_4ufb0wla,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sutural ligament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula. B. Skeletal ligament. each instance of which connects some tooth to some maxilla or mandible C. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous cord of connective tissue that attaches some triceps sura and plantaris muscles to the tuberosity of some calcaneus. D. Skeletal ligament (organ) that connects the bones and cartilages of the skull.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Sutural ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64861 1_1_lj0hqy97,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'histone H3K14 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 9) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 9) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone H3 protein. B. Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + NAD+ + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose + nicotinamide. This reaction transfers an acetyl group attached to a lysine residue in H3K14 to NAD, producing nicotinamide. C. Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein. D. Removal of an acetyl group from a lysine residue in a histone H3.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"histone H3K14 deacetylase activity, NAD-dependent",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032041 1_1_rahyw3fo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepal epidermis'?","A. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a carpel . B. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a phyllome . C. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a sepal. D. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a sepal .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepal epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006040 1_1_1q0ps5fn,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'membrane raft'?","A. A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it. B. A part, fraction, share, or number considered in relation to the whole amount or number. C. A questionnaire comprised of multiple subscales evaluating everyday cognitive function D. Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,membrane raft,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045121 1_1_9txk101j,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'magnetic resonance imaging technologist'?","A. Operate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. Monitor patient safety and comfort, and view images of area being scanned to ensure quality of pictures. May administer gadolinium contrast dosage intravenously. May interview patient, explain MRI procedures, and position patient on examining table. May enter into the computer data such as patient history, anatomical area to be scanned, orientation specified, and position of entry. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus. C. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers. D. Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,magnetic resonance imaging technologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29203500 1_1_z4f02ooi,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'trandolapril'?","A. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. B. Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. C. A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. D. A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,trandolapril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9649 1_1_08pirq9c,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Agent'?","A. Sociological actor located inside the game B. Sociological actor inside or outside the game C. Job simulation D. Sociological actor located outside the game",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Agent,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Agent 1_1_uzpi3ko0,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'subterranean tuber epidermis'?","A. A shoot axis tuber epidermis that is part of a subterranean shoot axis tuber . B. A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a shoot axis tuber . C. A portion of secondary xylem parenchyma that is part of an axial system and has as parts axial secondary xylem parenchyma cells . D. A portion of shoot axis tuber epidermis that is part of an aerial tuber .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,subterranean tuber epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025048 1_1_th267ngf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'decreased fragility'?","A. A fragility which is relatively low. B. A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. C. A contractility which is relatively low. D. A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the reduction in amount of water the bearer contains.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,decreased fragility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002056 1_1_eevuo8l0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'neocortex basket cell'?","A. A GABAergic interneuron in human cortical layer 1 that has large rosehip-shaped axonal boutons and compact arborization. B. Any basket cell that is part of a neocortex. C. Any basket cell that is part of a cerebellum. D. An interneuron located in the cerebral cortex that expresses the oxytocin receptor. These interneurons also express somatostatin.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,neocortex basket cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000086 1_1_jiaqdpjr,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other long term (current) drug therapy'?","A. may be used to specify diseases B. person is disabled physically or mentally, so they are in need of medical services C. a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries D. Therapeutic drug induced immunosuppression, long term use",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other long term (current) drug therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000403 1_1_zhvnmsod,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pure hypercholesterolemia'?","A. an energy deficit due to chronic deficiency of all macronutrients B. genetic anomaly that causes high cholesterol levels C. Type 1 diabetes (body cannot break down sugars very easily) with unspecified complications D. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pure hypercholesterolemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000542 1_1_g712fpbg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''externalVector''?","A. An interactive tool to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves B. Basic class definitions and generics for external pointer based vector objects for R. A simple in-memory implementation is also provided C. MDQC is a multivariate quality assessment method for microarrays based on quality control (QC) reports. The Mahalanobis distance of an array's quality attributes is used to measure the similarity of the quality of that array against the quality of the other arrays. Then, arrays with unusually high distances can be flagged as potentially low-quality. D. Provides methods for accessing data stored in PostgreSQL tables.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'externalVector',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000530 1_1_hull7uwi,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chloride'?","A. Any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylcholine. B. Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of anthocyanidin. Anthocyanins are water-souluble plant pigments that generally occur as acidic salts exhibiting bright colours. C. A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of acetic acid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,chloride,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17996 1_1_46op6cs9,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of chlorophyll in liquid water'?","A. A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). B. The concentration of cobalt when measured in snow. C. The concentration of chlorophyll when measured in liquid water. D. The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of chlorophyll in liquid water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3100036 1_1_o7vzcv2b,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chalkiness visual assessment'?","A. Polish a sample of rice and evaluate a representative sample visually. Estimate the proportion of the kernel area that appears chalky white, particularly with respect to the belly, the center, and the back. B. Examine the colour of the keel of mature lemmas and evaluate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin C. In a greenhouse test, grow each line in culture solution under two conditions: 0.5ppm P (low P) and 10ppm P (standard P). Estimate the propoprtion of tillers that develop in low P out of the number that develop in standard P D. Observe the distribution of awned spikelets along a panicle",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Chalkiness visual assessment,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000428 1_1_40b05bmq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of zygospore formation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process in which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase. C. Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process in which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process in which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of zygospore formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0075300 1_1_90gh3ier,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'primordium'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that has as parts protoderm and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure . B. A portion of meristem tissue that is committed to the development of a root primordium . C. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a shoot system . D. A portion of meristem tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis or root that participates in lateral growth.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025127 1_1_3awrqlat,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis pith'?","A. A portion of pith that is part of a receptacle . B. A portion of pith that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma . C. A portion of pith that is part of a shoot axis . D. A portion of pith that is part of a root stele .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis pith,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005041 1_1_680b0oeh,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'optic neuritis'?","A. An optic neuritis that is characterized by nutritional deficiency causing optic nerve dysfunction, has_symptom painless bilateral progressive decrease in visual acuity and color perception, and has_material_basis_in nuritional deficits, especially of folate and vitamin B, which can be associated with restrictive diets and alcohol abuse. B. An optic neuritis that is characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins resulting in swelling around the optic disc. C. A cranial nerve disease that is located_in the optic nerve. D. An optic nerve disease that results_in inflammation located_in optic nerve which may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,optic neuritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1210 1_1_vgn0qven,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary follicular cell of ovary'?","A. A follicular cell of ovary that has begun to degenerate and undergo atresia, a specialized apoptosis. This cell is found in an atretic follicle, which is an ovarian follicle that started to mature but failed to reach full development and instead regresses. B. A cell within the follicle of an ovary. C. A cell of a secondary follicile within the ovary. D. A cell within the primary follicle of the ovary.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,secondary follicular cell of ovary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002176 1_1_0bh52mor,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'indol-3-ylacetaldehyde oxime'?","A. A member of the class of indoles obtained by dimerisation of 2-imino-3-(indol-3-yl)propanoic acid. An intermediate in the biosynthesis of violacein. B. A cytochalasan alkaloid found in Chaetomium globosum. C. An aldoxime resulting from the formal condensation of the aldehyde moiety of indol-3-ylacetaldehyde with hydroxylamine. D. A cytochalasan alkaloid found in Chaetomium globosum.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,indol-3-ylacetaldehyde oxime,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28311 1_1_tp3n3vl9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'calculus of gallbladder without cholecystitis'?","A. a blockage in the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. B. Gallstones without inflammation of the gallbladder wall C. Tumor of the connective tissues of the bile ducts D. is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury. Scars result from the biological process of wound repair in the skin, as well as in other organs and tissues of the body. Thus, scarring is a natural part of the healing process. With the exception of very minor lesions, every wound (e.g., after accident, disease, or surgery) results in some degree of scarring. An exception to this are animals with complete regeneration, which regrow tissue without scar formation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,calculus of gallbladder without cholecystitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000508 1_1_xz3jpbu7,"In the ontology of Pizza, which of the following definitions best describes 'MaterialState'?","A. Pizzas that could be extended - they have the given toppings, but could also have other, unspecified toppings B. A class that uses a functional property (hasMaterialState) twice. This is not inconsistent unless MaterialStates have been declared disjoint C. We have not asserted that all pizzas must have at least 1 topping D. The MaterialStates should be disjoint, but this has been left out - see LiquidSolidIceCream",D,1_1,food_agriculture/pizza_ontology,MaterialState,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/pizza#MaterialState 1_1_mgw23k53,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of hindgut'?","A. An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. B. An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. C. An epithelium that is part of a foregut. D. An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,epithelium of hindgut,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003353 1_1_q79pzk80,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'travel guide'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend machines that extrude and form continuous filaments from synthetic materials, such as liquid polymer, rayon, and fiberglass. B. Plan, organize, and conduct long-distance travel, tours, and expeditions for individuals and groups. C. Sell spare and replacement parts and equipment in repair shop or parts store. D. Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,travel guide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39701200 1_1_auhdb5yi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'archegonium stalk'?","A. A stalk that the basal part of an archegonium . B. A stalk of a vascular leaf . C. A cardinal organ part that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. D. A stalk that is part of a stamen .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,archegonium stalk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030036 1_1_klftwdiz,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'refinery'?","A. A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. B. A human construction which is used to process materials into forms that have increased value or utility in downstream processes. C. A human construction with extended facilities from which aircraft flight operations take place. D. A human construction which mimic the complex structure of the sea bottom and serve as standardised collectors of marine life.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,refinery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000141 1_1_icni23c9,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'excretion'?","A. The expulsion of feces from the rectum. B. An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila). C. The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. D. The regulation of body fluids process in which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,excretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007588 1_1_hs12gezu,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Purchase cost'?","A. Not Free is a type of purchase cost clause which, when applied, means that there is a cost for the users of the resource to which the license is attached. This clause can be combined with other clauses (such as usage clauses) to specify that only certain usages incur a purchase cost. B. Purchase cost is a license clause which states whether there is a cost involved with a particular usage or licensing of a resource. C. A Platform clause is a license clause which states the platform restrictions for the licensed resource, if any. The license for a resource may or may not allow the use of any platform. If it is allowed, such usage may be restricted in a variety of ways. D. Free is a type of purchase cost clause which, when applied, means that there is no cost for the users of the resource to which the license is attached. This clause can be combined with other clauses (such as usage clauses) to specify that only certain usages are free.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Purchase cost,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000058 1_1_k6g5nanl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->6)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Galp'?","A. A galactotriose consisting of three beta-D-galactofuranose residues joined in sequence by (1->6) and (1->5) glycosidic bonds. B. A galactotriose consisting of two alpha-D-galactopyrase residues and a D-galactopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->3) and (1->4) glycosidic bonds. C. A galactotriose consisting of D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-galactopyranose and beta-D-galactopyranose residues joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds. D. A galactotriose consisting of two beta-D-galatopyranose residues and a D-galactopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->6) and (1->4) glycosidic bonds.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->6)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Galp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_146992 1_1_k3eieen4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left branch of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the posterior wall of the left ventricle. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the anterior, septal and posterior divisions of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the posterior papillary muscle of the left ventricle and is continuous with the subendocardial branch of the posterior division of the left branch of the atrioventricular bundle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left branch of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9487 1_1_a46dai56,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mast cell activation'?","A. A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. B. The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors. C. The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. D. The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mast cell activation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045576 1_1_qu850iy5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'glomerular endothelial cell'?","A. An endothelial cell that is part of the peritubular capillary of the renal cortex. B. An endothelial cell that is part of the glomerulus of the kidney. This cell is flattened, highly fenestrated, and plays a vital role in the formation of glomerular ultrafiltrate. C. Any kidney arterial blood vessel cell that is part of some renal efferent arteriole. D. Any kidney venous blood vessel cell that is part of some renal cortex vein.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,glomerular endothelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002188 1_1_ss23kqcc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dry root rot resistance - Method'?","A. Leaf dry weight taken after seperation and oven drying at 80∞C for at least 3 days B. Ratio between seed number per plant and pod number per plant. C. Proportion of dead plants in a plot due to dry root rot D. Calculated through length and diameter measured through winrhizo software",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Dry root rot resistance - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000181 1_1_tb60zm2d,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'quantitative confidence value'?","A. A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability (95 percent by convention) that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance (dispersion) decreases. B. A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement. C. A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population. D. A data item that is derived from an inferential statistical data analysis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,quantitative confidence value,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000071 1_1_uy0s077w,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual scoring BBCH'?","A. Assessment of the date when the first flowers are sexually mature. For flowers with petals: petals are spread out and stamens release pollen. For male flowers in catkins: stamens are visible and release pollen. Other male flowers: stamens are visible and release pollen. B. Estimated in the 10x10 m virtual plot around the tree with a predefined scoring scale C. Visual assessment with the BBCH reference scoring scale D. Assessment of the date when 90% of the foliage turned color (color range depending) or fell",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual scoring BBCH,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:2000004 1_1_ndomvkjc,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'intentionality'?","A. A mental quality is a bodily quality that inheres in those structures of the extended organism that are essential for mental functioning. B. Voice utterance characteristically associated with the experience of sadness. C. Intentionality is the fundamental quality of conscious mental processes of always having content, of being directed towards, or about something. D. A musical capability that is realised in the production of music using a violin.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,intentionality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000073 1_1_fcgwc0gf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'L2 marginal neuron'?","A. ID was moved to the CL namespace. Use CL:0017502. B. An L2 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron with a soma on the L1-L2 border. This neuron type has small apical dendrites projecting to L1. C. An intratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic neuron with a soma found in cortical layer 2. D. The membrane the surrounds the prostate gland.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,L2 marginal neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4042012 1_1_yv91vvqk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral nuclear group'?","A. The metathalamus is a composite structure of the thalamus, consisting of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. [WP,unvetted]. B. Dorsal division of the medial geniculate nucleus, as first defined by Morest (1964) in the cat, but also described in the rat. It fills all but the medial edge of the posterior tip in cat, and joins the lateral thalamic nucleus anteriorly (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=3). C. Nuclei in the ventral part of the thalamus, involved in modulating activity of dorsal thalamic nuclei. D. The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. [WP,unvetted].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ventral nuclear group,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002776 1_1_jw5643pd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'forelimb bud mesenchyme'?","A. Mesenchyme that is part of a pectoral appendage bud. B. Mesenchyme that is part of a limb bud. C. Mesenchyme that is part of a forelimb bud. D. Mesenchyme that is part of a hindlimb bud.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,forelimb bud mesenchyme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4300226 1_1_0hx6gruf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Straw N content measurement'?","A. Measurement of fatty acid C18:3 content B. Laboratory analysis of nitrogen content in the straw of a sample. C. Measurement of fatty acid C16:0 content D. Measure the tertiary groat width.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Straw N content measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000389 1_1_stl658tj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focus group discussion for second lowest ranked traits with male respondents'?","A. Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked lowest in preference ranking exercise B. Visual estimation of a fruit fill, (or parthenocarpic) for Early Evaluation Trial stage only. C. Focus group discussion with male respondents, to discuss selection traits of genotype that was ranked second lowest in preference ranking exercise D. Visual assessment.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Focus group discussion for second lowest ranked traits with male respondents,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010588 1_1_0rcnmvs4,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism'?","A. Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044644 1_1_ch9ydua1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alveolon'?","A. Midline anatomical point of skull at which the mid-sagittal plane intersects the posterior margin of foramen magnum. B. Midline anatomical point of skull representing the highest point of skull intersecting the midsagittal plane. C. Midline anatomical point of skull where midsagittal plane intersects inferior margin of nasal aperture. D. Midline anatomical point of skull where a line drawn through the most posterior points of alveolar ridges crosses the midline.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Alveolon,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264285 1_1_hw16rxxy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete MCRestimate'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete MCRestimate,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000279 1_1_15al7h5r,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'subcutaneous adipose tissue'?","A. A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. B. Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. C. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. D. An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,subcutaneous adipose tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002190 1_1_6nilwt94,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary thrombocytopenia DP'?","A. Hemorrhagic diseases are caused by bleeding, or they result in bleeding B. Deficiency of a coagulation factor (proteins in the blood that help control bleeding) that is not caused by genetic alterations. Causes include vitamin k deficiency, amyloidosis, and severe liver disease. C. abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood. D. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of thrombocytes, also known as platelets, in the blood.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,secondary thrombocytopenia DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000290 1_1_idhl048e,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ketoprofen'?","A. An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. B. A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. C. A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring. D. An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ketoprofen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6128 1_1_0drftaqz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agi'?","A. A Karankawa or Klamath person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. A cultural gender role in some Chumash communities involving persons who may be considered to be assigned male at birth. Henry notes that agí has been ""ranslated as homosexual, transvestite, and third gender… None of these concepts quite captures the social and mystical importance of the [agí], however"". C. A Maricopa gender categorization or role; persons are usually considered assigned male at birth and perform tasks and occupations generally associated with women. D. A Wappo person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be referred to as intersex today.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,agi,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002037 1_1_j5qya53f,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete RLMM'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete RLMM,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000338 1_1_81vmoo55,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Middle pre-aortic lymph node group'?","A. Parietal pre-aortic lymph node group proper located between superior margin of celiac artery and superior margin of inferior mesenteric artery. B. Intestinal lymph node group which is a direct constitutional part of intestinal lymphatic tree and is located anterior to the aorta, from the aortic hiatus of diaphragm to bifurcation of aorta. C. Middle pre-aortic lymph node group located between inferior margin of left renal vein and superior margin of inferior mesenteric artery. D. Parietal para-aortic lymph node group proper located betweensuperior margin of inferior mesenteric artery and bifurcation of aorta.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Middle pre-aortic lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278148 1_1_pdy77eb7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'First sprout emergence time'?","A. Bulbil initiation time B. Time to 50% sprouts (plants) emerge in a plot C. Time to the first sprout (plant) emerge in a plot D. Time when 50% of the plants flower in a plot",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,First sprout emergence time,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000198 1_1_79i6arsj,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'laheimar'?","A. Severe squalls during the change of seasons in October and November in Arabia. B. The humid east wind that crosses the divide of the Andes east of Lake Titicaca and descends on the west in violent squalls; probably the same as puelche. C. A squall accompanied by dark clouds and generally by heavy rain. D. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,laheimar,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Laheimar 1_1_1lz9d9o2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SciCrunch Terms and Conditions'?","A. The Facebase Data Access Policy specifies under what legal requirements Facebase data may be accessed. Non-sensitive data is available for use for all purposes and usages. As consent must be aquired for sensitive (or closed) data, this license only covers the use of the open data (a separate agreement must be entered into for restricted access data). B. The GMD Academic License is a vendor-specific license which allows the access and use of the licensed data for non-commercial purposes, as long as the appropriate attribution is used and copyright notices retained. A separate license agreement is required for commercial users and as such, they are not covered by this license. Without written consent by the GMD, no part of the GMD - in its original or in any way processed or reformatted form - may be re-distributed in any way. C. The SciCrunch Terms and Conditions specifies under what legal requirements SciCrunch data may be accessed. Broadly speaking, the site conforms, both for data and for the site documents themselves, to the CC BY 3.0 license. However, particular details for this resource (other than attribution requirements) are unclear. D. The Terms of Use for EMBL-EBI Services reflect EMBL-EBI’s commitment to OpenScience through its mission to provide freely available online services, databases and software relating to data contributed from life science experiments to the largest possible community. They impose no additional constraints on the use of the contributed data than those provided by the data owner.
EMBL-EBI expects attribution (e.g. in publications, services or products) for any of its online services, databases or software in accordance with good scientific practice. The expected attribution will be indicated on the appropriate web page.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SciCrunch Terms and Conditions,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000125 1_1_rinlkmoo,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tubeworm tube'?","A. The fibromuscular tubular canal through which urine is discharged from the bladder to the exterior via the external urinary meatus; in males, the urethra is joined by the ejaculatory ducts and serves as a passageway for semen during ejaculation, as well as a canal for urine during voiding; in females, the urethra is shorter and emerges above the vaginal opening. B. Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. C. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. D. Tube consists of chitin proteoglycan/protein complex",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tubeworm tube,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012646 1_1_1riokpda,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Segment of duodenum'?","A. Organ segment which is regional part of cervix. Examples: supravaginal part of cervix, ectocervix, paracervix. B. Organ segment which is regional part of skin. Examples: skin of head, skin of limb. C. Organ segment which is regional part of duodenum. Examples: superior part of duodenum, duodenal bulb. D. Organ segment which is regional part of ureter. Examples: abdominal part of ureter, renal pelvis, major calyx.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Segment of duodenum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma222904 1_1_e2lqu2gu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Body mass index [BMI] 38.0-38.9, adult'?","A. places one among the people considered obese, but also fall in the higher end of this category, meaning that gaining even more weight would put one in the danger of classifying as extremely obese B. having problems or an inability adapting to a new environment or culture C. someone that lives alone is more keen to become stressed, bored, or other mental states D. Administration of immunotherapy",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Body mass index [BMI] 38.0-38.9, adult",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000106 1_1_3v0besut,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'adepithelial cell'?","A. An elongated, spindle-shaped, cell that is located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of a muscle fiber. These cells are mostly quiescent, but upon activation they divide to produce cells that generate new muscle fibers. B. Muscle precursor cell that is adjacent to the notochord and part of the presomitic mesoderm. C. A cell of mesodermal origin that is closely associated with the epithelium of an imaginal disc. It is a precursor of some of the insect's adult muscles. D. A non-terminally differentiated cell that is capable of developing into a muscle cell.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,adepithelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000462 1_1_2qnjuryf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Poupart line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of abdomen, each instance of which is an imaginary line on the surface of some abdomen, passing perpendicularly through the midpoint of some inguinal ligament (Poupart ligament). B. Fiat anatomical line of abdomen, each instance of which is an imaginary line drawn from some nipple to some umbilicus. C. Fiat anatomical line of abdomen, each instance of which is a line on the abdomen connecting some umbilicus, and some anterior superior iliac spine; a guide to the location of some McBurney point. D. Fiat anatomical line, each instance of which is located on or in the abdomen.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Poupart line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329229 1_1_q1nnxd89,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'exarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of exarch protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the root system progresses centripedally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally with the oldest elements (protoxylem) in the center of the axis. C. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem progresses centripetally, the oldest elements (protoxylem) are farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) towards the center of the plant axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,exarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025554 1_1_gnng2gv1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix'?","A. Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans. B. Extracellular matrix that is mineralized. C. Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized. D. Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4000120 1_1_u367ekpe,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneRfold'?","A. Tools for meta-analysis in the presence of hierarchical (and/or sampling) dependence, including with gene expression studies B. This package functions as methods for microarray analysis that take basic data types such as matrices and lists of vectors. These methods can be used standalone, be utilized in other packages, or be wrapped up in higher-level classes. C. Package manipulating sequences with fold routines D. Synthetic datasets to a) demonstrate the usage of bioconductor packages, b) write unit tests, while keeping dependencies and ressources usage minimal.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneRfold,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000190 1_1_ri0kmik6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome lamina lobe'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is a projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina . B. The region of the petiole proximal to its stem attachment site. C. A cardinal organ part which is the apical portion of the root , and includes the root apical meristem and root cap . D. A cardinal organ part that is a rounded projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome lamina lobe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025514 1_1_kht32xr7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abdomen proper'?","A. Region of membranous part of interventricular septum which is continuous with the membranous part of interventricular septum proper, the atrioventricular septum and the right fibrous trigone of heart. B. Subdivision of abdomen which is demarcated from the pelvis by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture. Examples: There is only one abdomen proper. C. Subdivision of abdomen, each instance of which is the middle portion of the most inferior region of some abdomen, located inferior to some umbilical region and between two inguinal regions. D. Zone of petrous part of temporal bone, each instance of which is a region in the petrous portion of some temporal bone, where within its cavity are contained some membranous labyrinth, vestibular aqueduct, and cochlear aqueduct; it consists of instances of the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Abdomen proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61680 1_1_ey26cuev,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'billing or posting clerk'?","A. Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods. B. Interview persons by telephone, mail, in person, or by other means for the purpose of completing forms, applications, or questionnaires. Ask specific questions, record answers, and assist persons with completing form. May sort, classify, and file forms. C. Enforce fire regulations, inspect forest for fire hazards, and recommend forest fire prevention or control measures. May report forest fires and weather conditions. D. Test, adjust, or repair biomedical or electromedical equipment.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,billing or posting clerk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43302100 1_1_xc5bstyt,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual feminist'?","A. An adolescent person who is bisexual. B. A bisexual person who is a feminist. C. A person who identifies as bisexual. D. A victim of abuse is bisexual.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexual feminist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012887 1_1_rj68fojf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'karetazan'?","A. A tetracyclic diterpenoid with formula C20H28O2 which exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antileishmanial and wound-healing properties. B. A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is N-ethyl-4-pyridone that is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 6 by p-chlorophenyl, carboxy, and methyl groups, respectively. It is used (particularly as its potassium salt, known as karetazan-potassium) as a chemical hybridisation agent for commercial hybrid seed production. It is not approved for use within the European Union. C. An isoquinoline alkaloid that is (3S)-6,8-dimethoxy-1,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline substituted by a 1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalen-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the leaves of Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis and exhibits antiplasmodial, antileishmanial and antitrypanocidal activities. D. A 2-aminobenzimidazole having methyl substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 5-carboxypentyl group at the 1-position.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,karetazan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133122 1_1_432s4th8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. B. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury. C. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulosa cell proliferation.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001938 1_1_zmfdokb1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'recent smoker'?","A. A tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking. B. A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of affective disorder. C. A tobacco smoker who has ever participated in smoking. D. A tobacco smoker who reports recently smoking.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,recent smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000788 1_1_jyn501w1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'butenolide'?","A. A lactone having a five-membered lactone ring. B. Compounds containing at least one furan ring. C. A carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ethyl(methyl)carbamic acid with the phenolic OH group of 3-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenol. A reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. D. A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,butenolide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50523 1_1_c1s8xhs3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'forest biome'?","A. A savanna ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. B. A forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. C. A forest which is subject to montane or alpine environmental conditions. D. A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,forest biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000174 1_1_664mxlmj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual partnership'?","A. A relationship involving some kind of sexual intimacy between persons of different genders. B. A partnership which includes sexual activity between its constituents. C. A relationship involving some kind of sexual intimacy. D. A sexual relationship involving three people.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual partnership,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000838 1_1_owawfhtj,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Coalworker's pneumoconiosis'?","A. A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium. B. A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners. C. allergic alveolitis and pneumonitis due to inhaled organic dust and particles of fungal, actinomycetic or other origin D. A condition due to lack of oxygen in respired air due to inhaling too much carbon monoxide",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Coalworker's pneumoconiosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000195 1_1_1zce4mxj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'pratensein'?","A. A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is formononetin attached to a 6-O-(carboxyacetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. B. A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6. C. A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position. D. A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 7 and 3' positions, a methoxy group at the 4' position and a prenyl group at position 5'. Isolated from the stem wood of Erythrina latissima, it exhibits antimicrobial and radical scavenging activities.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,pratensein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8359 1_1_8bf88a2o,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'OmniOutline format'?","A. OPML (Outline Processor Markup Language) is an XML format for outlines B. A proprietary format for documents created and edited using OmniOutliner outliner software, C. A format specification for data used or produced by outliner software D. This package uses a Bayesian hierarchical model to detect enriched regions from ChIP-chip experiments",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,OmniOutline format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000027 1_1_azj6qhbv,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geographic information systems technologist or technician'?","A. Appraise and estimate the fair value of tangible personal or business property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment. May also appraise land. B. Assist scientists or related professionals in building, maintaining, modifying, or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases. May also perform some custom application development or provide user support. C. Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets, and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security measures. May research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software. D. Apply remote sensing technologies to assist scientists in areas such as natural resources, urban planning, or homeland security. May prepare flight plans or sensor configurations for flight trips.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,geographic information systems technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15129902 1_1_uritfpa0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'hindlimb morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. C. The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. D. The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,hindlimb morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035137 1_1_6ul8rd8n,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'detective or criminal investigator'?","A. Monitor and control activities associated with hydropower generation. Operate plant equipment, such as turbines, pumps, valves, gates, fans, electric control boards, and battery banks. Monitor equipment operation and performance and make necessary adjustments to ensure optimal performance. Perform equipment maintenance and repair as necessary. B. Assist ophthalmologists by performing ophthalmic clinical functions and ophthalmic photography. Provide instruction and supervision to other ophthalmic personnel. Assist with minor surgical procedures, applying aseptic techniques and preparing instruments. May perform eye exams, administer eye medications, and instruct patients in care and use of corrective lenses. C. Develop programs to control machining or processing of materials by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. May also set up, operate, or maintain equipment. D. Conduct investigations related to suspected violations of federal, state, or local laws to prevent or solve crimes.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,detective or criminal investigator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33302100 1_1_39ybnavm,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'MultiplayerAvailable'?","A. game ideated in multiplayer mode B. Game made for parties C. Role-Playing Game D. Game concieved as an outsider from the schemes that we profiled as the most classic",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,MultiplayerAvailable,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#MultiplayerAvailable 1_1_80ixx5bc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'endocytosis'?","A. A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell. B. A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. C. A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. D. A vesicle-mediated transport process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes and their delivery to the lysosome. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,endocytosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006897 1_1_eje9iruv,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Siemens'?","A. An entity is an object (e.g., a tree, a community, an ecological process). Entities constitute the foci of observations, i.e., every observation is of exactly one entity. B. Ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100). C. The siemens (symbol: S) is the SI derived unit of electric conductance and electric admittance. Conductance and admittance are the reciprocals of resistance and impedance respectively, hence one siemens is equal to the reciprocal of one ohm, and is sometimes referred to as the mho. It is named after the German inventor and industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens. In English, the term siemens is used both for the singular and plural. The 14th General Conference on Weights and Measures approved the addition of the siemens as an SI derived unit in 1971. It is a composite unit in OBOE because it is composed of 2 base units, and OBOE-derived units are a single base unit raised to a power. a siemens is Ampere/volt D. A derived unit raises a base or prefixed unit to an integer power other than 0 or 1. For example, the unit 'square meter' is a unit derived from the 'meter' base unit raised to the power 2. As another example, a 'square centimeter' is a unit derived from the 'centimeter' prefixed unit raised to the power 2. BRL 20160601: I removed this restriction so that CompositeUnits like XXXPerLiter would not reason to owl:Nothing. hasUnit exactly 1 (BaseUnit or PrefixedUnit)",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Siemens,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Siemens 1_1_swznnmol,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Permissive_Right'?","A. Directed obligative ought-to-do are also called obligative rights. k has the obligative right that j does A iff it is obligatory, toward k, that j does A. An example of obligative right is “it is obligatory, toward Mary, that Tom pays 1,000 euro to John” B. When, for the benefit of a person, this person is both permitted to perform and to omit an action – that is, when the action is facultative – we can say that he or she has a liberty right with regard to that action. C. The negation of a directed obligation is a directed permission. However, it counts as a right, namely, a permissive right, only when such negation is aimed at benefitting the author of the permitted action. D. A liability right expresses some right to act that brings with it some liability to perform another (compensating) act. For instance, if some k performs the permitted action A, then k will have to perform another action B for the benefit of j.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Permissive_Right,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Permissive_Right 1_1_53e8tytf,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'stroke DP, not specified as haemorrhage or infarction'?","A. A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries that occurs with formation of atherosclerotic plaques within the arterial intima. B. A problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern C. An episode of acute neurological dysfunction presumed to be caused by ischemia or hemorrhage, persisting ≥24 hours or until death D. any cardiac complications occurring in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU)",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"stroke DP, not specified as haemorrhage or infarction",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000246 1_1_5be4nz9h,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cervical spinal nerve nucleus'?","A. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the sacral region of spinal cord. B. Cervical spinal nerve nucleus in ventral column of spinal cord. C. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the cervical region of spinal cord. D. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the coccygeal region of spinal cord.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cervical spinal nerve nucleus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma288633 1_1_a77sl9pf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cloacal membrane'?","A. A fetal membrane, part of the yolk sac, that appears during some placentation processes. B. The membrane that covers the embryonic cloaca, formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm; the urorectal septum joins the cloacal membrane and divides it into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane; the point where the urorectal septum intersects the cloacal membrane is the future site of the perineal body; proliferation of mesoderm and ectoderm around the cloacal membrane produces primordial tissues of the external genitalia in both sexes: the genital tubercle, genital folds, and genital swellings. C. The membranous portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. D. Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone, which when activated will stimulate the production of androstenedione from cholesterol by the enzyme desmolase. Androstenedione ultimately gives the granulosa cells the precursor substrate for estrogen manufacturing.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cloacal membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006217 1_1_x6a93uc9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of posttranslational protein translocation through the ER membrane. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dipeptide transmembrane transport. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid transmembrane transport. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import into a cell.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of amino acid transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903789 1_1_w5nzfkoh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gambling change person or booth cashier'?","A. Operate or tend cooking equipment, such as steam cooking vats, deep fry cookers, pressure cookers, kettles, and boilers, to prepare food products. B. Exchange coins, tokens, and chips for patrons' money. May issue payoffs and obtain customer's signature on receipt. May operate a booth in the slot machine area and furnish change persons with money bank at the start of the shift, or count and audit money in drawers. C. Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames. D. Cut, grind, and polish eyeglasses, contact lenses, or other precision optical elements. Assemble and mount lenses into frames or process other optical elements. Includes precision lens polishers or grinders, centerer-edgers, and lens mounters.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,gambling change person or booth cashier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41201200 1_1_l0x5n656,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lobate'?","A. A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree of the bearer's highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. B. A surface feature shape marked by large amounts of relief, often with multiple ridges and grooves in close association. Topographically complex. C. A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having deeply undulating edges forming lobes. D. A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape of features present on its surface or outer shell.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lobate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001367 1_1_1ztaecya,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'stationary eddy'?","A. The tectonic force is the force created by one tectonic plate pushing against another due to upwellings of the mantle, [Wikipedia] B. In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing water on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is most visible behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers. C. In studies of the general circulation, the eddies are the departures of a field from the zonal mean of that field; the stationary eddies are the time-averaged, or time-invariant, component of the eddy field. D. In oceanography, densely packed, irregularly oval- shaped high and low pressure centers roughly 400 km (240 miles) in diameter in which current intensities are typically tenfold greater than the local means.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,stationary eddy,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidDynamics/StationaryEddy 1_1_ol50arr4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hairiness on mainstem'?","A. Morphological character measuring density of hairs on main stem. B. A qualitative trait indicating seed coat color. C. Root length of a sample. D. A qualitative description of the growth habit of the plant.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Hairiness on mainstem,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000025 1_1_46ixgpn1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased circulating IgG1 level'?","A. An elevation of circulating IgG level predominantly related to an elevation of one of the four IgG subclasses. B. An abnormally increased concentration of the IgG4 subtype in the blood circulation. C. An abnormally increased concentration of the IgG1 subtype in the blood circulation. D. An abnormally increased concentration of the IgG3 subtype in the blood circulation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased circulating IgG1 level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032298 1_1_rsst4jph,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified'?","A. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs B. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes permanent damage to the lungs, making it hard to breathe C. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes airway inflammation and reduced air flow from exacerbations D. a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000198 1_1_hq01hnw0,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tassel spikelet rachilla'?","A. The very short branch that may arise from either or both the long lateral branch and the central spike of tassel in maize. B. The long branch that arise from the central spike of tassel in maize. C. The axis of the tassel spikelet, above the glumes. D. The axis of the ear spikelet, above the glumes.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tassel spikelet rachilla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006379 1_1_s95fnhb1,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone tissue of proximal epiphysis'?","A. A portion of bone tissue that is part of a epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]. B. A portion of bone tissue that is part of a proximal epiphysis [Automatically generated definition]. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. D. The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bone tissue of proximal epiphysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004402 1_1_yv5tqnim,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'antimanic drug'?","A. A psychoactive substance that stimulates the central nervous system. B. A psychoactive substance that is used to reduce anxiety. C. A psychoactive substance that is used to treat psychosis. D. A psychoactive substance that is used to treat mania.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,antimanic drug,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000529 1_1_41hlfd91,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'man-made tunnel'?","A. A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion B. A tunnel through which a canal passes. C. A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage to an underground mine. D. A tunnel constructed by human means.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,man-made tunnel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000066 1_1_h6ec770i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anatomical conduit space'?","A. Anatomical space which connects two or more compartment spaces or two or more anatomical cavities. B. Immaterial anatomical entity, each instance of which has three spatial dimensions. C. Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure or two or more adjacent anatomical structures. D. Anatomical conduit space that connects two adjacent body spaces, surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs or organ parts.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anatomical conduit space,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9338 1_1_a0mfivx0,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines). B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-alpha-D-glucose, a substance composed of UDP-alpha-D-glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,UDP-4-deoxy-4-formamido-beta-L-arabinopyranose catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2001314 1_1_2ksv214o,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tunnel valley'?","A. A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. B. A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. C. A small tunnel valley. D. A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tunnel valley,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000436 1_1_qlsaxrxe,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Culm strength estimation - RD'?","A. Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground B. Wild species: observe the presence of rhizomes, stolons and/or tubers around the base of a potted plant when it is ready for harvest C. Cook freshly harvested grains and smell the aroma D. Estimate the relative lesion height, as the average height above the soil of the uppermost lesion on a leaf blade or leaf sheath expressed as a percentage of the average plant height.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Culm strength estimation - RD,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000280 1_1_9jonofyb,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Multiannual contract'?","A. Class describing contracts that are an actual lot of another contract. B. Class describing the multiannual contracts (i.e. contract whose duration extends over more than one financial year). C. Class of the contract that have lots. D. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system.",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Multiannual contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#MultiannualContract 1_1_pmyis3kg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemist'?","A. Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. B. Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position classification and pension programs. C. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. D. Apply principles and methods of bioinformatics to assist scientists in areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical informatics. Apply bioinformatics tools to visualize, analyze, manipulate or interpret molecular data. May build and maintain databases for processing and analyzing genomic or other biological information.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,chemist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19203100 1_1_m8d5wnrq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lissencephaly 4'?","A. A microlissencephaly characterized by severe microcephaly, developmental delay, lissencephaly, pachygyria, and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KATNB1 gene on chromosome 16q21. B. A lissencephaly characterized by lissencephaly in combination with severe congenital microcephaly. C. A pigmentation disease characterized by reticulate hyper- and hypo-pigmentated macules in a generalized distribution. D. A microlissencephaly characterized by lissencephaly, severe brain atrophy, extreme microcephaly, and profound intellectual disability that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NDE1 gene on chromosome 16p13.11.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,lissencephaly 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112235 1_1_zc5no448,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'wetland'?","A. A swamp is a wetland that features temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, and covered by aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical inundation.The water of a swamp may be fresh water or salt water. A swamp is also generally defined as having no substantial peat deposits. B. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier C. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. D. A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,wetland,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/Wetland 1_1_zw9d7a13,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated'?","A. An alpha-beta CD4 T cell that resides in the lung. B. A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has differentiated into a memory T cell. C. An alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive. D. A CD4-positive, alpha beta memory T cell with the phenotype CD45RA-positive, CD45RO-negative, and CCR7-negative.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001087 1_1_3mrj0yov,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'streptococcal sepsis'?","A. An acute infectious disorder of an unspecified site caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria. B. an infection in the bloodstream that may travel to different body organs. C. An unspecified acute infectious disorder caused by gram positive or gram negative bacteria. D. Erysipelas is a relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin (upper dermis), extending to the superficial lymphatic vessels within the skin, characterized by a raised, well-defined, tender, bright red rash, typically on the face or legs, but which can occur anywhere on the skin. It is a form of cellulitis and is potentially serious. Erysipelas is usually caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,streptococcal sepsis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000545 1_1_47ewfjro,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'tachycardia, unspecified'?","A. Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute for adults. B. high LDH levels indicate tissue damage. C. could be a sign of bowel cancer D. blood pressure above 120/80 mm",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"tachycardia, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000426 1_1_5nepzv2k,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'caudate nucleus'?","A. Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species. B. Nicotine replacement therapy are nicotine delivery products that are licensed for use as smoking cessation or harm reduction aids used by people for quitting or reducing use of tobacco containing products. C. A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. D. A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,caudate nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001873 1_1_dopvisj7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element'?","A. A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 4 mesenchyme. B. A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 3 mesenchyme. C. A manual digit 2 metacarpus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. D. A manual digit metacarpus cartilage element that is part of a manual digit 2 mesenchyme.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010571 1_1_uro3l93i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of platelet formation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of platelet formation. D. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of platelet formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905221 1_1_uci4ozxk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete sscore'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete sscore,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000710 1_1_uu0gjwfn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'layer cloud'?","A. 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. B. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. C. Stratus cloud; a continuous cloud sheet capped by an inversion. D. (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,layer cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/LayerCloud 1_1_r70kltmk,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'reinforcing iron or rebar worker'?","A. Operate subway or elevated suburban trains with no separate locomotive, or electric-powered streetcar, to transport passengers. May handle fares. B. Help brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, or tile and marble setters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. C. Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against players' hands. D. Position and secure steel bars or mesh in concrete forms in order to reinforce concrete. Use a variety of fasteners, rod-bending machines, blowtorches, and hand tools. Includes rod busters.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,reinforcing iron or rebar worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47217100 1_1_x2p4pmuu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco tablets'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form tablets. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings (spices, essential oils, extracts), sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut).",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco tablets,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001011 1_1_p9knwel8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phloem mother cell'?","A. An initial cell that is part of the vascular cambium or cork cambium , and by periclinal divisions, produces cells to the outside or inside of the cambial axis. B. An elongated cambial initial cell with approximately wedge-shaped ends that is part of the vascular cambium and gives rise to axial cells. C. A cambial initial cell which is destined to differentiate into secondary phloem. D. A cambial initial cell that gives rise to ray cells of the secondary xylem and secondary phloem .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phloem mother cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000400 1_1_1lopk4ub,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Microform cleft of the upper lip'?","A. A gap or groove in the upper lip. This is a congenital defect resulting from nonfusion of tissues of the lip during embryonal development. B. Cleft of the upper lip that does not go all the way from the bottom of the upper lip until the nasal cavity. C. Notch, groove, or scar of the upper lip without noticeable rupture of the lip. D. Notch, groove, or scar of the upper lip without noticeable rupture of the lip. Microforms are sometimes associated with disruption of the continuity of the orbicularis oris muscle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Microform cleft of the upper lip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5201010 1_1_pnozn8cd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'spider web'?","A. An animal structure that is assembled by a spider from silk, that serves as both habitation and a structure to trap prey. B. An animal habitation that is assembled by an organism in the order Crocodylia (alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and gharials). These habitations (nests), are typically built in freshwater or brackish environments. They can be mound nests, made from vegetation, mud, and organic material, or hole nests, excavated in sandy or muddy banks. These nests serve as sites for egg laying, incubation, and initial care of the young. C. A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. D. An animal habitation created by a beaver, constructed within or adjacent to the pond created by the beaver dam.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,spider web,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000175 1_1_9a59e6sz,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ayagigux''?","A. An Aleut person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. A Laguna Pueblo person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Crow person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. D. A Yuit or Alutiiq person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ayagigux',http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002046 1_1_ac3hgn8t,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral anterior lateral line nerve'?","A. Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines. B. Cranial nerve which enters the brain between cranial nerves VI and VII; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the anterior lateral line ganglia. C. Nerve fibers originating from the ventral anterior lateral line ganglion. These rami innervate the mandibular and opercular neuromasts. D. Sensory nerve of the anterior lateral line component. It develops from preotic anteroventral placode. AVLLN innervates lower jaw lines of neuromasts.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ventral anterior lateral line nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001481 1_1_hps2ddk2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'estuarine mud'?","A. An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. B. An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. C. Sediment that is part of a mangrove biome. D. Mud which is part of an estuary.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,estuarine mud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002160 1_1_nlr7blvb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis oil'?","A. A liquid commodity that is used in e-cigarettes for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person. B. A liquid commodity that is a cannabis extract combined with oil designed to be used in a cannabis vaping device. C. A commodity that is liquid D. A liquid commodity that is designed to be consumed by people.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis oil,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000854 1_1_3ydvsv00,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'traumatic ischemia DP of muscle'?","A. A type of permanent damage to muscles and nerves that results from prolonged lack blood flow to those tissues. It is characterized by shortening and stiffening of the muscles. B. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck C. an injury involving an external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the skin D. a complete or incomplete break in one of the five metatarsal bones in each foot.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,traumatic ischemia DP of muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000361 1_1_f4r3u9y4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm'?","A. Note: It is unclear from just the label what is meant by a SAM algorithm. It may or may not be related to the SAM sequence alignment software described by the class SWO_0000077 (Allyson Lister) B. PCMG- a bipartite graph in which one set of nodes represents proteins, the other set represents complexes, and an edge from a protein node to a complex node represents membership of the protein in that complex. C. Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm is an algorithm which generates a statistically correct trajectory (possible solution) of a stochastic equation. It can be used to simulate chemical or biochemical systems of reactions efficiently and accurately using limited computational power. The algorithm is particularly useful for simulating reactions within cells where the number of reagents typically number in the tens of molecules (or less). Mathematically, it is a variety of a dynamic Monte Carlo method and similar to the kinetic Monte Carlo methods. It is used heavily in computational systems biology D. In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation or ODE is an equation containing a function of one independent variable and its derivatives. The term ""ordinary"" is used in contrast with the term partial differential equation which may be with respect to more than one independent variable.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Gillespie's Stochastic Simulation Algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/algorithm/SWO_4000007 1_1_s18tmdys,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of trachea'?","A. The epithelial lining of the trachea which contains numerous ciliated cells. B. An epithelium that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. C. Epithelium pertaining to the trachea and bronchi. D. An epithelium that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,epithelium of trachea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001901 1_1_8dw67pb6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mint flavoured e-liquid'?","A. A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a menthol flavour. B. A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a mint flavour. C. A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a fruit flavour. D. An e-liquid that has e-liquid flavouring.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mint flavoured e-liquid,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000624 1_1_l8gvth8h,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'surgery journal'?","A. Medical journals which cover cardiological topics. B. Medical journals which cover pediatric topics. C. Medical journals which cover surgical topics. D. Medical journals which cover gynecological topics.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,surgery journal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004609 1_1_5k2kw5j4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid dyshormonogenesis 2A'?","A. A congenital hypothyroidism characterized by thyroid hormone deficiency that is present from birth and results from defects in thyroid hormone synthesis. B. A familial thyroid dyshormonogenesis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in TG on chromosome 8q24.22. C. A familial thyroid dyshormonogenesis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in TPO on chromosome 2p25.3. D. A familial thyroid dyshormonogenesis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in IYD on chromosome 6q25.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,thyroid dyshormonogenesis 2A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112186 1_1_xjqewcty,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'urban stormwater'?","A. Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. B. Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. C. The depth of some water ice. D. Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,urban stormwater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001268 1_1_28ryj807,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'book shop'?","A. A bookstore that buys and/or sells books of particular interest to or otherwise pertaining to members of a given subculture. B. A retailer that sells products related to sexual or erotic entertainment, such as vibrators, lingerie, clothing, pornography, and other related products. C. Bookstores that specialize in serving female readers. They sell material relating women's issues, women's sexuality, and gender-related topics, among other things. D. A store where books are bought and/or sold.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,book shop,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005472 1_1_guka4otw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-galactosamine 1-phosphate'?","A. A D-galactosamine 1-phosphate compound having an N-acetyl substituent. B. A galactosamine phosphate that is D-galactosamine substituted at position 1 by a monophosphate group. C. A galactosamine phosphate that is D-galactosamine substituted at position 1 by a monophosphate group. D. A D-galactosamine 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha configuration.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-galactosamine 1-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28207 1_1_eo4j60rg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sodium channel complex'?","A. An ion channel complex through which cations pass. B. An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass. C. An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass. D. A protein complex which is capable of serotonin-activated cation-selective channel activity. Mainly found in pre- and postsynaptic membranes of the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Depending on its location it transports Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ or K+. It is always a pentamer, containing at least the 5HT3A subunit forming 5HT3A homopentamers or 5HT3A/B heteropentamers. In human, 5HT3A/C, A/D and A/E heteropentamers also exist.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sodium channel complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034706 1_1_zmux7xqh,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lease contract'?","A. Class defining supplies contracts aimed to rent supplies. B. Class defining supplies contracts aimed to lease supplies. C. Class describing contracts whose object is the acquisition of supplies. D. Class to describe the supplies contracts aimed to buy supplies.",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Lease contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#LeaseContract 1_1_33wjkpbi,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'potassium metaphosphate'?","A. An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with one equivalent of ammonium phosphate. B. A potassium salt of metaphosphoric acid. C. Any alkali metal salt having potassium(1+) as the cation. D. A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,potassium metaphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_148438 1_1_h0gwt5zn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'wrist nerve'?","A. A nerve that is part of a finger [Automatically generated definition]. B. A nerve that is part of a wrist [Automatically generated definition]. C. A nerve that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. D. A multi-organ-part structure that consists of three vessels of the portal lobule including the bile duct, a terminal branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and may also include a lymphatic vessel.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,wrist nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003434 1_1_zjznq5kc,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bar'?","A. Unit of pressures often used in meteorology. One hectopascal is equivalent to one millibar; one standard atmosphere is exactly equal to 1013.25 hPa. One hectopascal corresponds to about 0.1% of atmospheric pressure near sea level (Wikipedia). B. The bar (symbol: bar) is a unit of pressure equal to 100 kilopascals, and roughly equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level. It is not an SI or cgs units, but accepted for use with the SI. The bar is widely used in descriptions of pressure because it is only about 1% smaller than ""standard"" atmospheric pressure, and is legally recognized in countries of the European Union. Common derivatives are millibar (meteorology) and decibar (oceanography) C. A millibar is a unit pressure commonly used in meterology. 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 0.1 kPa = 1 hPa (hectopascal) D. The angstrom is a unit of length equal to 0.1 nanometre.",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Bar,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Bar 1_1_b4m9yd7t,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parosmia'?","A. A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors). B. An anomaly in the ability to perceive and distinguish scents (odors). C. Misperception of existing odor, that is, distorted or altered olfactory perception in the presence of known stimuli. D. Perception of an odor in the absence of any stimuli in the surrounding environment that could emit the odor.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Parosmia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034004 1_1_29196az0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'process 2 of entepicondyle'?","A. Process on the humerus of basal tetrapods, anterior to the entepicondyle and associated with subscapularis muscle (based on Coates 1996). B. Posterodorsal extension of the maxilla by which it establishes contact with the squamosal. C. Bony projection that is mesially-directed and off the anteromedial corner of each mesethmoid cornu. D. Small prepubic element formed by a plate of cartilage (which may calcify in the adult) that is synchondrotically united with the pubis.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,process 2 of entepicondyle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200169 1_1_qme1gkbk,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Site'?","A. This class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. In contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings, and maps. Instances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not. Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature. This definition coincides with the definition of “fiat objects”, with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects” (Smith & Varzi, 2000).Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. In particular, it includes the information encoding features on mechanical or digital carriers.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E27 Site,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E27_Site 1_1_6zgrjj4n,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dietary fiber content determination'?","A. Measured on a dry weight basis using wet chemistry. B. None C. Calculate the days to heading. D. Calculate the fraction of infested oats.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Dietary fiber content determination,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000043 1_1_mhs3aqoe,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nematode pharynx'?","A. Meckel's cartilage is the bilaterally paired, rod-like, cartilaginous ventral component of the lower jar, or ventral mandibular arch. It is typically resorbed in adults. B. Cartilage that bridges palatoquadrate to ethmoid region. C. The feeding organ, a neuro-muscular pump in the head of the animal, used to ingest food, bacteria suspended in liquid, filter them out, grind them up and transport posteriorly into the instestine. D. The Peyer's patch area normally occupied by T lymphocytes.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nematode pharynx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015232 1_1_8moy8s42,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis'?","A. Carbon fixation by photosynthesis at saturating light and CO2. B. Water soluble carbohydrates accumulate up to and around anthesis and are partitioned to the stem, from where they are later available as a reservoir for remobilization to the developing grains. These reserves are an important source of carbon for grain filling. C. The amount of biomass produced per unit of intercepted solar radiation. D. Normalized water index 3 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85).",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf light and carbon dioxide-saturated net photosynthesis,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0001503 1_1_qrwsl9ic,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain shape - Estimation'?","A. Observe awns length and rate it. B. Observe the shape of the grains and record it. C. Observe spike for type of arrangement and compactness of spikelets and record it. D. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under low temperature condition and rate the tolerance based on crop mortality or reduced growth.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain shape - Estimation,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000382 1_1_aguwbpau,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''ANOVA''?","A. This includes exhaustive enumeration, triple-based inference,pairwise heuristic, module based inference, greedy hillclimbing B. PCMG- a bipartite graph in which one set of nodes represents proteins, the other set represents complexes, and an edge from a protein node to a complex node represents membership of the protein in that complex. C. Monte Carlo is a discrete stochastic simulation algorithm and an estimation procedure algorithm. If it is necessary to know the average value of some random variable and its distribution can not be stated, and if it is possible to take samples from the distribution, we can estimate it by taking the samples, independently, and averaging them. If there are sufficiently enough samples, then the law of large numbers says the average must be close to the true value. The central limit theorem says that the average has a Gaussian distribution around the true value. D. ANOVA or Analysis of Variance is a hypothesis testing algorithm which a variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'ANOVA',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100011 1_1_hwbzxrs7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification'?","A. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. B. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colorectal cancer following the rules of the TNM American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 7 classification system as they pertain to staging of the primary tumor. TNM pathologic primary tumor findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. C. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of the stage of a gynecologic cancer according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging systems. D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of renal cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics cervical cancer stage value specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002326 1_1_m890p669,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'orbital cavity'?","A. Anatomical cavity that is the lumen of the skull and contains the brain. B. A depression or hollow in a bone[WP]. C. Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. D. Anatomical cavity bounded by the orbital region of the cranium and forming the location of some or all of the eye.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,orbital cavity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004867 1_1_qgzrmghs,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'duodenum secretory cell'?","A. A goblet cell that is part of the small intestine. B. An enteroendocrine cell that is located in the small intestine. C. Glandular cell of duodenal epithelium. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Brunner's gland cell. D. A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) .",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,duodenum secretory cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1001589 1_1_90v08zha,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'associative learning'?","A. Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). B. A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. C. Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. D. The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,associative learning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008306 1_1_wgghpe97,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Flower color'?","A. Observe the reaction of the storage root to Grubworm and rate it B. Observe the flower color and rate it C. Observe the secondary color of the storage root flesh and rate it D. Observe the storage root formation and rate it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Flower color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000047 1_1_kb501mx9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lobule of mammary gland'?","A. Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct.[FMA]. B. A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. C. An oval area in the retina, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototopic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed). D. The layer of polyhedral cells in the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale; shrinkage and adhesion of these cells gives a spiny or prickly appearance.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,lobule of mammary gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001912 1_1_k1k876nt,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.02 two leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at twelve nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at nine nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at sixteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.02 two leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007098 1_1_gta5hu1x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cell differentiation involved in tissue homeostasis'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the maintenance of a steady state of a cell type within a tissue. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of cell differentiation involved in tissue homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060786 1_1_ctlrnryh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biologist'?","A. Apply principles and processes of natural ecosystems to develop models for efficient industrial systems. Use knowledge from the physical and social sciences to maximize effective use of natural resources in the production and use of goods and services. Examine societal issues and their relationship with both technical systems and the environment. B. Facilitate negotiation and conflict resolution through dialogue. Resolve conflicts outside of the court system by mutual consent of parties involved. C. Research or study basic principles of plant and animal life, such as origin, relationship, development, anatomy, and functions. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,biologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19102904 1_1_vowxf10q,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bostryx inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of indeterminate, first order inflorescence axes and sessile, unisexual flowers that are each subtended by conspicuous inflorescence bracts . B. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of sessile flowers on an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis . C. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes that bear pedicellate flowers in a single plane, with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis, found at the center of the inflorescence. D. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of pedicellate flowers on determinate inflorescence axes , each of which develop at a branch angle of approximately 90 degrees from each higher inflorescence axis .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bostryx inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030134 1_1_efm5jtju,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mandarin Chinese-language pronoun set'?","A. A set of Chinese-language pronouns, usually indicated for use for an individual. B. A pronoun set composed of 妳 (nǐ), 妳們 (nǐmen), 她 (tā), and 她們 or 她们 (tāmen). C. A set of Mandarin Chinese-language pronouns, usually indicated for use for an individual. D. A pronoun set composed of 你 (nǐ), 你們 or 你们 (nǐmen), 他 (tā), and 他們 or 他们 (tāmen).",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Mandarin Chinese-language pronoun set,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011516 1_1_w4gr1gtt,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Smooth muscle tissue'?","A. Tissue which consists of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Examples: Arrector muscle of hair, Muscularis mucosae. B. Portion of tissue which has as its parts an aggregate of muscle cells surrounded by a reticulum of collagen fibers or fine connective tissue [endomysium]. Examples: Smooth muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue. C. Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue. D. Anatomical junction where subdivisions of two or more neural trees interconnect with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerve trees become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses, nerves and ganglia, it constitutes the peripheral nervous system. Examples: cervical nerve plexus, brachial nerve plexus, sacral nerve plexus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Smooth muscle tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14070 1_1_6weriwib,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebral hemisphere gray matter'?","A. Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM). B. A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]. C. A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon. D. A gray matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cerebral hemisphere gray matter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005401 1_1_gbhr5c82,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'volcanic rock'?","A. The mantle is composed mostly of Ultramafic rocks (or see Igneous Primer) such as peridotite and dunite and their metamorphic equivalents (e.g. ecologite). [Wikipedia] B. Volcanic rock (or lava) characteristically medium dark in color and containing 54 to 62 percent silica and moderate amounts of iron and magnesium. C. Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia] D. An extrusive rock intermediate in composition between trachyte and andesite.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,volcanic rock,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/VolcanicRock 1_1_wdskykii,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'BAR'?","A. CHP binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix, stored in little-endian format and used to store expression, resequencing and genotyping results from algorithms implemented in the GCOS 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 and BRLMM Analysis Tool software applications. B. BAR is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The format of the file is a header section followed by sequences sections (one section per sequence defined). The BAR file contains one and two sample analysis results (signal and p-values) from the tiling array software. C. BPMAP is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The BPMAP format contains information relating to the design of the Affymetrix tiling arrays. D. The CDF binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix was created for faster access and smaller file size in comparison to the CDF ASCII format. The values in the file are stored in little-endian format. CDF binary format describes the layout for an Affymetrix GeneChip array. An array may contain Expression, Genotyping, CustomSeq, Copy Number and/or Tag probe sets. All probe set names within an array are unique. Multiple copies of a probe set may exist on a single array as long as each copy has a unique name.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,BAR,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000058 1_1_fs5oppkq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 11-cis-retinol + NADP = 11-cis-retinal + NADPH + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP+ = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H+ + NADPH. C. Catalysis of the reactions: 7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP+ = sepiapterin + NADPH + H+ and (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP+ = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 H+ + 2 NADPH. D. Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+ = (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102354 1_1_tbanfhz2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tropical forest'?","A. Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) B. A savanna which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. C. A woodland ecosystem which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. D. A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tropical forest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001803 1_1_xsh5po8a,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bristle length'?","A. Length of the main stalk from the base of the stalk to the tip of the panicle B. Length of the bristel C. Stem diameter D. Length of the panicle from the base of the panicle to the tip of the panicle",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Bristle length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_327:0000102 1_1_6yvc4efq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Microprolactinoma'?","A. A type of pituitary adenoma originating in prolactin secreting cells. This kind of adenoma is characterized by overproduction of prolactin, and may cause loss of menstrual periods and breast milk production in women. B. A pituitary prolactin cell adenoma of more than 10 mm diameter. C. Complete absence of the interatrial septum with common atrioventricular valve and two atrioventricular connections. D. A pituitary prolactin cell adenoma of less than 10 mm diameter.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Microprolactinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012341 1_1_yt86hug2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left hepatic duct'?","A. An extrahepatic bile duct that has the potential to develop into a common hepatic duct. B. The tubular structure that conducts gall bladder contents from the gall bladder to the common bile duct. C. The duct that drains bile from the right half of the liver and joins the left hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct. D. The duct that drains bile from the left half of the liver and joins the right hepatic duct to form the common hepatic duct.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left hepatic duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001177 1_1_6yw9frdx,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Yuki'?","A. A Native American people of northern California. They reside in the central Sierra Nevada, in the watershed area of the Feather and American rivers. They also reside in Humbug Valley. In Maiduan languages, Maidu means ""man"". B. Native Americans residing in northeastern California, United States. Their traditional lands are near Mount Shasta, specifically the Pit River drainage on Burney, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related to the Achomawi and consisted of two groups (the Atsugé and the Apwaruge). C. An Indigenous people of California, whose traditional territory is around Round Valley, Mendocino County. Today they are enrolled members of the Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation. D. Any of various Native American groups and tribes which speak languages of the Sahaptian language family in the Columbia Plateau region in the northwestern United States.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Yuki,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006008 1_1_jm20ky6v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'delusional disorder'?","A. A disorder characterized by the development either of a single delusion or of a set of related delusions that are usually persistent and sometimes lifelong. B. someone has drank alcohol so much, that they depend on it to function C. nicotine gives temprorary pleasure effects in your brain D. A disorder characterized by melancholic feelings of grief or unhappiness.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,delusional disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000483 1_1_0c1juqfe,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'smooth muscle fiber of ileum'?","A. A smooth muscle cell that is part of the duodenum. B. A smooth muscle cell that is part of the ileum. C. A smooth muscle cell that is part of the jejunum. D. A smooth muscle cell that is part of the small intestine.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,smooth muscle fiber of ileum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000278 1_1_kokd91hq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAcO[CH2]6CH=CH2'?","A. Any glycoside derived from beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine B. A glycoside that consists of 2-sulfanylethyl beta-D-glucoside having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at the 3-position. C. A glycoside formed between the branched tetrasaccharide alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc and the alkenyl alcohol oct-7-en-1-ol. D. A glycoside that consists of beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose where the hydrogen of the anomeric OH group is substituted by a 3-(hexadecylsulfonyl)-2-[(hexadecylsulfonyl)methyl]propyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-[alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)]-beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAcO[CH2]6CH=CH2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139283 1_1_k3mkitot,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Begeisterung'?","A. A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable. B. A positive emotion reflecting energy and passion for something. C. Grief is an intense negative emotion following a bereavement, i.e. the loss of a significant person through that person's death. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Begeisterung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000200 1_1_se2bch59,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'alas'?","A. A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. B. A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. C. A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. D. A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,alas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000438 1_1_8ty1u7o8,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'lipoyl-AMP(1-)'?","A. Conjugate base of lipoyl-AMP arising from deprotonation of the free phosphate OH group. B. An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of Mo(VI)-oxido Se-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide(2-). C. An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of (5S,9S,10S,13E)-labda-7,13-dien-15-yl diphosphate. D. An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of tritrans,heptacis-undecaprenyl phosphate; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,lipoyl-AMP(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58923 1_1_hw4l079k,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow DP'?","A. Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attack their own red blood cells and platelets. B. A malignancy of mature plasma cells engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. C. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the bone. D. An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000336 1_1_hl3nunb9,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute onset'?","A. A disease stage that marks the beginning of a disease B. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) C. A disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. D. A disease stage with a rapid unfolding of signs and symptoms",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,acute onset,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000119 1_1_mkkd0gfq,"In the ontology of Geology Names, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wikipedia Article'?","A. A Web page displaying a map B. A Document containing RDF description of one or several features. C. A geographical feature D. A Wikipedia article",D,1_1,earth_environment/geonames_ontology,Wikipedia Article,https://www.geonames.org/ontology#WikipediaArticle 1_1_a2kf4fqj,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'L cone cell'?","A. A cone cell that detects short wavelength light. Exact peak of spectra detected differs between species. In humans, spectra peaks at 420-440 nm. B. A cone cell that detects long wavelength light. Exact peak of spectra detected differs between species. In humans, spectra peaks at 564-580 nm. C. A cone cell that detects ultraviolet (UV) wavelength light. D. A cone cell that detects medium wavelength light. Exact peak of spectra detected differs between species. In humans, spectra peaks at 534-545 nm.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,L cone cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0003048 1_1_o62uzoer,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'diffGeneAnalysis''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'diffGeneAnalysis',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000520 1_1_acp3rgn3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right half of thoracic cavity'?","A. Body cavity subdivision which is surrounded by the internal surface of the right or left side of the rib cage, the right or left lateral surface of the mediastinum and the superior surface of a hemidiaphragm. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, cavity of right hemithorax and cavity of left hemithorax. B. Subdivision of thoracic cavity demarcated from the right half of thoracic cavity by the median plane. C. Subdivision of thoracic cavity demarcated from the left half of thoracic cavity by the median plane. D. Cardiac vein, each instance of which is a a tributary of some coronary sinus that collects blood from some right atrium and ventricle, and follows the coronary sulcus before draining into it.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right half of thoracic cavity,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49882 1_1_yd2tt5i4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'stigmastanol'?","A. An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer). B. A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. C. A 17-oxo steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by an hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. D. A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol substituted by additional hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17 (16alpha,17beta-stereoisomer).",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,stigmastanol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89400 1_1_q4tmnrld,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'secretion of exocrine gland'?","A. A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. B. A portion of organism substance that secreted_by a respiratory system. C. Portion of substance contained within the thyroid follicle lumen. Contains prohormone thyroglobulin. D. Secretion produced by a sweat gland.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,secretion of exocrine gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000456 1_1_84v87p0c,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Labome Copyright'?","A. The Labome copyright makes the contents of their resource freely available for browsing. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: you may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your use only, with a daily limit of 50 webpages; and you may copy the content to individual third parties for their use, but only if you acknowledge the website as the source of the material. You may not, except with our express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. B. The GeneNetwork Conditions of Use describes the data licensing for the resource covered. Commercial and non-commercial use is allowed, though attribution is requested via either acknowledgement or co-authorship. Further restrictions on the bulk download of as-yet unpublished data is also described. (While mentioned in the document, software licensing is not the focus of this conditions of use and therefore is not modelled here.) C. The CAS Information Use Policy specifies under what legal requirements CAS Information may be accessed. Attribution to ACS must be included whenever creating derivatives or redistributing data covered under this license.Each User is permitted to download and retain a maximum of 5,000 Records and a maximum of 5,000 Molfiles at any given time for personal use or to share within a Project team for the life of the Project. There are also limits on how long records may be stored with the licensee, and how records may be linked. D. MIACA Full Copyright is a vendor-specific license which allows the document it references to be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the MIACA Standards Initiative or other organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing MIACA Standards Initiative Recommendations in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the MIACA Document process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Labome Copyright,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000116 1_1_fmmkxhqz,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ocean tide'?","A. A geologic or geomorphic province is a spatial entity with common geologic/geomorphic attributes. A province may include a single dominant structural element such as a basin or a fold belt, or a number of contiguous related elements. Most commonly, provinces are classified by age, origin, or mineral resource. [Wikipedia] B. Surface gravity waves on the ocean that are not growing or being sustained any longer by the wind. C. Oscillation, usually of a small amplitude, about a reference state. D. The periodic rising and falling of the earth's oceans and atmosphere. It results from the tide-producing forces of the moon and sun acting upon the rotating earth. This disturbance actually propagates as a wave through the atmosphere and along the surface of the waters of the earth. Atmospheric tides are always so designated, whereas the term “tide“ alone commonly implies the oceanic variety. Sometimes, the consequent horizontal movement of water along the coastlines is also called “tide,” but it is preferable to designate the latter as tidal current, reserving the name tide for the vertical wavelike movement.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ocean tide,http://sweetontology.net/phenOceanCoastal/OceanTide 1_1_bh1ogfhw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pigment granule'?","A. A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast. B. A cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle first described in dendrites, categorized by smooth membranes, electron-lucent interiors and irregular shapes. Sometimes occurs in clumps. Amorphous vesicles have been found to contain material taken up from the extracellular space, therefore suggesting that they may be part of the endosomal pathway. C. A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes. D. A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. One of its functions is osmoregulatory.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pigment granule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048770 1_1_4g2sodqd,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'ActionRPG'?","A. Action Role-Playing Game B. Game typically features dungeon exploration -which levels are procedurally generated- turn-based combat and permanent death (permadeath) of the player character C. Game with intense player hiding mechanics D. Role-Playing Game",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,ActionRPG,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#ActionRPG 1_1_paobebqa,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neostigmine'?","A. The conjugate base of 3-mercaptopyruvic acid. B. A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. C. An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any folic acid. D. A molecular entity having a net electric charge.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,neostigmine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7514 1_1_chnr0tk4,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pacific Islander'?","A. Denotes a person from or of Cuba or an American citizen of Cuban descent. B. A person of non-specified racial, cultural, or geographic origins. C. A person having origins in the original peoples of the Pacific Islands, but not Guam, Hawaii, the Mariana Islands or Samoa. D. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Vietnam.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Pacific Islander,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000154 1_1_8c9s642g,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '26-hydroxylanosterol'?","A. A 3beta-sterol that consists of 24-methylcholest-6-en-3beta-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 and a methylene group between positions 22 and 23. An antineoplastic agent isolated from Sinularia sp. B. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-dien-26-al substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 7. Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma pfeifferi, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. C. A tetracyclic triterpenoid (dammarane type) isolated from the stems of Aglaia abbreviata. D. A 3beta-sterol that is lanosterol carrying a hydroxy group at position 26.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,26-hydroxylanosterol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_178023 1_1_twf68boi,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vital sign'?","A. A physical sign in which a non-zero value is standardly considered to be an indication that the organism is alive. B. Caspases are a family of intracellular cysteine proteinases involved in inflammation and apoptosis. These enzymes appear to be involved in the initial signaling events, as well as the downstream proteolytic cleavages, that result in apoptotic cell death. They are specific for aspartic acid at the P1 position and are divided into two classes based on the lengths of their N-terminal pro-domains. Caspases-1, -2, -4, -5, -8, and -10 have long pro-domains; caspases-3, -6, -7, and -9 have short pro-domains. (from Science 1998. 281:1312 and Br Med Bull 1997. 53:478) C. A sign that arises in the early/preclinical stage of a disease D. A quality of a patient, a material entity that is part of a patient, or a processual entity that a patient participates in, any one of which is observed in a physical examination and is deemed by the clinician to be of clinical significance.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,vital sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000029 1_1_pe9bzsqf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'olfactory lobe'?","A. The lobe at the anterior part of each cerebral hemisphere, responsible for olfactory functions. B. Upper central part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). C. Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. (MSH). D. Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,olfactory lobe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005366 1_1_sn76t9oc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'data processing task'?","A. Annotate a genome sequence with terms from a controlled vocabulary. B. A correction is where the aim is to correct for error, noise or other impairments to the input of the data transformation or derived from the data transformation itself. C. Model or simulate some biological entity or system, typically using mathematical techniques including dynamical systems, statistical models, differential equations, and game theoretic models. D. A data processing task is an information processing objective that specifies the objective that a data processing algorithm execution process needs to achieve when executed on a dataset to produce as output a new dataset.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,data processing task,http://kt.ijs.si/panovp/OntoDM#OntoDM-KDD_778151 1_1_vj8xbjkf,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of the cytosolic argininosuccinate synthase in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099127 1_1_kkvmk1ua,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'subdivision of skeletal system'?","A. Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. B. Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. C. A subdivision of an anatomical system. D. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,subdivision of skeletal system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000075 1_1_3etbttwr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'flood basalt'?","A. A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill). A hillock is a small hill. [Wikipedia] B. A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Flood basalts have occurred on continental scales (large igneous provinces) in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. [Wikipedia] C. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] D. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,flood basalt,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/FloodBasalt 1_1_f93rhb74,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'taxicab'?","A. A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. B. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. C. A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. D. A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,taxicab,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000612 1_1_4vtszy3g,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'GDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-)'?","A. A GDP-D-glucose(2-) having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. B. Dianion of UDP-alpha-D-glucose arising from deprotonation of both free OH groups on the diphosphate moiety. C. An NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-) obtained by deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of GDP-D-glucose; major species at pH 7.3. D. A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,GDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62230 1_1_1213byas,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'stalk prey'?","A. Approach to prey in manner designed to avoid early detection by prey. B. Active pursuit of fleeing prey. C. Building of a trap, web, net, or other structure to help ensnare potential food items. D. Behaviors in which predator forces potential prey to emerge from cover.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,stalk prey,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0020160 1_1_qikxqvnw,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sertoli cell'?","A. A non-sensory cell that extends from the basement membrane to the apical surface of the auditory epithelium and provides support for auditory hair cells. B. A supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete androgen binding protein. Their tight junctions with the spermatogonia and spermatocytes provide a blood-testis barrier. C. A glandular cell found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Example: Enterocytes, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells; Paneth cells; M cells; Somatostatin-secreting Cells (D-cells) . D. A secretory cell that discharges its product without loss of cytoplasm.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,Sertoli cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000216 1_1_bdi72rf1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anemia in neoplastic disease'?","A. Conditions with excess lipids in the blood. B. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. C. A benign condition in which there is a higher-than-normal level of a protein called m protein in the blood. D. Anemia (a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues) in patients with neoplasm (tumors)",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,anemia in neoplastic disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000450 1_1_ziczodcc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior pancreatic lymph node group'?","A. Intestinal lymph node group located around trunk opf celiac artery. B. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the inferior margin of pancreas. C. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the ileum. D. Intestinal lymph node group around the inferior mesenteric artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior pancreatic lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71795 1_1_c8qajgkd,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'Torrent'?","A. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. B. Something available on the Bittorrent peer-2-peer filesharing network C. Super Audio Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Digital Audio Tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,Torrent,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Torrent 1_1_92fej5wi,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'urban or regional planner'?","A. Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities of jurisdictions, such as towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas. B. Direct nursing staff in the provision of patient care in a clinical practice setting, such as a hospital, hospice, clinic, or home. Ensure adherence to established clinical policies, protocols, regulations, and standards. C. Develop instructional material, coordinate educational content, and incorporate current technology into instruction in order to provide guidelines to educators and instructors for developing curricula and conducting courses. May train and coach teachers. Includes educational consultants and specialists, and instructional material directors. D. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent injuries that occur during sporting events, athletic training, and physical activities.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,urban or regional planner,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19305100 1_1_sghb27ea,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes '5α-reductase deficiency, type 2'?","A. Deficiency of 5-alpha-reductase type 2 in genital tissues resulting in reduced local concentration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). B. Deficiency in the type 1 isozyme of 5α-reductase. C. Deficiency in the type 2 isozyme of 5α-reductase. D. An ethnolinguistic group of closely related peoples who are native to Polynesia (islands in the Polynesian Triangle), an expansive region of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. They trace their early prehistoric origins to Island Southeast Asia and form part of the larger Austronesian ethnolinguistic group with an Urheimat in Taiwan. They speak the Polynesian languages, a branch of the Oceanic subfamily of the Austronesian language family.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,"5α-reductase deficiency, type 2",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011942 1_1_rnearjyq,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'technosphere'?","A. A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. B. A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. C. An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. D. A nutricline which is part of a water body.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,technosphere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000983 1_1_iwo367u2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special education teacher, kindergarten'?","A. Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. Perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue to determine significance to investigation. May testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. May serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry. B. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education. C. Manage or coordinate fitness and wellness programs and services. Manage and train staff of wellness specialists, health educators, or fitness instructors. D. Teach academic, social, and life skills to kindergarten students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"special education teacher, kindergarten",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25205500 1_1_qxmlta59,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acromesomelic dysplasia, Grebe type'?","A. An acromesomelic dysplasia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CDMP1 gene on chromosome 20q11. B. An acromesomelic dysplasia that is characterized by severe reduction or absence of the fibula and complex brachydactyly. C. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by mesomelia and acromelia, which results_in short limb dwarfism. D. An acromesomelic dysplasia that has_material_basis_in mutation in AMDH gene which results_in normal axial skeleton but fused bones in the located_in hand or located_in foot.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"acromesomelic dysplasia, Grebe type",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080052 1_1_8mlzzht2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'travel agent'?","A. Plan and sell transportation and accommodations for customers. Determine destination, modes of transportation, travel dates, costs, and accommodations required. May also describe, plan, and arrange itineraries and sell tour packages. May assist in resolving clients' travel problems. B. Instruct individual students or small groups of students in academic subjects to support formal class instruction or to prepare students for standardized or admissions tests. C. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. May also advise customers on recommended services. Excludes team or work leaders. D. Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,travel agent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41304100 1_1_gvd6szu8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'yaqcaffy'?","A. The bioDist package contains some distance functions that have been shown to be useful in a number of dierent biological or bioinformatic problems. The return values are typically instances of the S3 class dist. B. Quality control of Affymetrix GeneChip expression data and reproducibility analysis of human whole genome chips with the MAQC reference datasets. C. ACME (Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment) is a set of tools for analysing tiling array ChIP/chip, DNAse hypersensitivity, or other experiments that result in regions of the genome showing ""enrichment"". It does not rely on a specific array technology (although the array should be a ""tiling"" array), is very general (can be applied in experiments resulting in regions of enrichment), and is very insensitive to array noise or normalization methods. It is also very fast and can be applied on whole-genome tiling array experiments quite easily with enough memory. D. Two options are added to the LPE algorithm. The original LPE method sets all variances below the max variance in the ordered distribution of variances to the maximum variance. in LPEadj this option is turned off by default. The second option is to use a variance adjustment based on sample size rather than pi/2. By default the LPEadj uses the sample size based variance adjustment.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,yaqcaffy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000731 1_1_bql3va7u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Optic nerve-tract complex'?","A. Neural tree organ which has as its parts neural components of one or more special sense organs and nerve trunks. Examples:optic nerve-tract complex, olfactory nerve-tract complex. B. Cranial nerve-tract complex which has as its parts the right and left sets of olfactory nerves, right and left olfactory bulbs and right and left olfactory tracts. C. Cranial nerve-tract complex which has as its parts the right and left retinas, right and left optic nerves, optic chiasm and right and left optic tracts. D. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of one or more organ types which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: abdominal viscera, pelvic viscera.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Optic nerve-tract complex,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62379 1_1_fys49prw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'second order infructescence axis'?","A. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from a first order infructescence axis and develops from a second order inflorescence axis . B. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from a third order infructescence axis and develops from a fourth order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order infructescence axis which arises from an eighth order infructescence axis and develops from a ninth order inflorescence axis . D. An infructescence axis , which is a branch in an infructescence , that develops from a higher order inflorescence axis .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,second order infructescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025112 1_1_hv7eesv1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf sinus'?","A. A cell differentiation stage of secondary xylem that occurs during the interval between the onset of secondary wall biogenesis of the cells in a portion of secondary xylem and the beginning of a cell death stage of secondary xylem . B. A plant anatomical space that is a phyllome marginal embayment, incision or indentation between marginal projections of any sort, typically lobes, teeth, or the base of cordate phyllomes. C. The meristem that gives rise to the long lateral branch in the maize tassel. D. A phyllome sinus that is a marginal embayment, incision or indentation between marginal projections of any sort, typically lobes, teeth, or the base of cordate leaves.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf sinus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025384 1_1_jajhd22h,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endocardium'?","A. Endocardium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and the trunk of pulmonary vein. B. Organ component layer which consists of the endothelium and the fibroelastic connective tissue. C. Tunica intima which has as its parts the endothelium of endocardium and the fibroelastic connective tissue that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac chamber. D. Endocardium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Endocardium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7280 1_1_4gpra8gu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-L-Rhap-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpO[CH2]5NH2'?","A. A glycosylxylose derivative that is beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Xyl in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen has been replaced by a benzyl group. B. A linear tetrasaccharide derivative consisting of beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-galactose, beta-L-rhamnose and beta-D-glucose residues linked sequentially (1->2), (1->3) and (1->4), with the glucose residue linked glycosidically to a 5-aminopentyl group. C. An angucycline antibiotic that consists of a tetrangomycin skeleton linked to deoxy sugars through C-glycosidic and O-glycosidic bonds at positions 9 and 3 respectively. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.KY002 and exhibits cytotoxicity against human lung cancer and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. D. A linear trisaccharide derivative consisting of beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-galactose and beta-L-rhamnose residues linked sequentially (1->2) and (1->3) with the rhamnose residue linked glycosidically to a 5-aminopentyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-L-Rhap-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpO[CH2]5NH2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140508 1_1_ce67o3xq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycerophosphoinositol'?","A. Any glycerophospholipid having the polar alcohol inositol esterified to the phosphate group at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone. B. A gene of Homo sapiens that has a pseudo gene disposition C. The covalent attachment of a myristoyl group to a protein. D. Any glycerolipid having a phosphate group ester-linked to a terminal carbon of the glycerol backbone.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,glycerophosphoinositol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36315 1_1_etymoj4i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'history of technology'?","A. A partner dance and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries, in neighborhoods which had predominantly African descendants. The tango is the result of a combination of Rioplatense Candombe celebrations, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Argentinean Milonga. The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports, where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music. The tango then spread to the rest of the world. Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world. B. The history of any of various methodologies of computation, including the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes and development of both hardware and software. C. Organization of various histories by primary topic or topics. D. The history of the invention of tools and techniques. Technology can refer to methods ranging from as simple as stone tools to the complex genetic engineering and information technology that has emerged since the 1980s.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,history of technology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012711 1_1_jcidrfss,"In the ontology of Geology Names, which of the following definitions best describes 'Map'?","A. A Wikipedia article B. A Document containing RDF description of one or several features. C. A class of features. D. A Web page displaying a map",D,1_1,earth_environment/geonames_ontology,Map,https://www.geonames.org/ontology#Map 1_1_w345dah6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'High temperature susceptibility - Estimation'?","A. Observe the plant susceptibility to high temperature stress, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible. B. Observe lodging incidence and rate it. C. Observe the plant susceptibility to herbicide, and rate it from tolerant/resistant to susceptible. D. Observe the severity of Ascochyta blight, and rate it.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,High temperature susceptibility - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_365:0000165 1_1_vwrsrcsi,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical data item'?","A. A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family. B. A representation of clinically significant bodily components, dispositions, and/or bodily processes of a human being that is inferred from relevant clinical findings. C. A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. D. A data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,clinical data item,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000123 1_1_22aaab1y,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'monocyte'?","A. A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. B. A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. C. A white blood cell that lacks cytoplasmic granules with an affinity for specific biological stains; typically, a lymphocyte, monocyte, or plasma cell. D. Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,monocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576 1_1_pcxq5oy2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left coronary artery'?","A. Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart. B. Systemic artery which supplies the heart. C. Anatomical structure, each instance of which is a subdivision of some tissue demarcated by bonafide or fiat boundaries. Examples: stratum germinativum, lamina of cerebral cortex. D. Coronary artery which emerges from the anterior aortic sinus, between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the right side of the heart.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50040 1_1_k06m3cb2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal circulating dicarboxylic acid concentration'?","A. Increased concentration of sebacic acid in the blood circulation. B. Increased concentration of alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde in the blood circulation. C. Any deviation from the normal concentration of a dicarboxylic acid in the blood circulation. D. Concentration of alpha-oxoadipic acid in the blood above the upper limit of normal.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal circulating dicarboxylic acid concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010995 1_1_vtrrzoha,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cirrus fibratus cloud'?","A. A cloud which is cirriform and is formed by condensation events centred on an aircraft's contrail. B. A cirrus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. C. A cirrus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. D. A cloud which 1) has been shaped into detached fibrous filaments, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage).",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cirrus fibratus cloud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001418 1_1_wa5a6tc5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'hyperplastic labia majus'?","A. A labia majus which is larger than what is considered ""normal"". B. Subdivision of urogenital part of perineum, each instance of which is a fold of integument running downward and backward from the mons pubis in some female on each side of the median vulvar cleft. C. An anatomical entity composed of labia majus which have been fused or sealed together. D. A labia majus which is smaller than what is considered ""normal"".",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,hyperplastic labia majus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011695 1_1_4xyrpu9d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 15 with or without anosmia'?","A. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FGF17 gene on chromosome 8p21, sometimes in association with mutations in other genes. B. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has_material_basis_in mutation in the HS6ST1 gene on chromosome 2q14, sometimes in association with mutations in other genes. C. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with a defective sense of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). D. A hypogonadism characterized by a impaired signalling by gonadotrpin relasing hormone.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 15 with or without anosmia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090075 1_1_y1tfwi0v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mine'?","A. A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. B. A human construction which is used to forcibly confine humans. C. An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. D. An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000076 1_1_a69mdwyp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiple epiphyseal dysplasia'?","A. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by specific patterns of aplasia/hypoplasia of humeri, femora, spine in newborns. B. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in defective cartilage mineralization into bone which results in irregular ossification centers of the located in hip or located in knee. The disease has symptom fatigue, has symptom joint pain. C. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, variable short stature, and limb abnormalities mainly affecting the upper limb and radial ray and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DONSON gene on chromosome 21q22. Biallelic mutation in the DONSON gene can also cause microcephaly-micromelia syndrome, a more severe disorder that usually results in intrauterine or perinatal death. D. An osteochondrodysplasia characterized by prenatal onset of disproportionate short stature, shortening of the limbs, joint hyperlaxity and/or dislocations, micrognathia, cleft palate, brachydactyly, short metacarpals, supernumerary carpal ossification centers and dysmorphic facial features that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the IMPAD1 gene on chromosome 8q12.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,multiple epiphyseal dysplasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_12721 1_1_sevx7hhk,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'image finding'?","A. A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. B. A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. C. TODO: Define. D. A representation of an image that supports an inference to an assertion about some quality of a patient.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,image finding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000017 1_1_wan21ym9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diarrhea, unspecified'?","A. inability or refusal to swallow. B. A condition of frequent and watery bowel movements. Causes of diarrhea include bacteria, viruses or parasites, certain medicines, food intolerances and diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine or colon. C. A category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem solving. D. The feeling of being anger or irritated",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"diarrhea, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000534 1_1_zcy9ym02,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anuria and oliguria'?","A. chemistry tests are used to diagnose many conditions and diseases B. Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 400 mL/24 h or less than 17 mL/h in adults. Anuria is defined as urine output that is less than 100 mL/24 h or 0 mL/12 h. C. blood pressure above 120/80 mm D. Uncommon severe weight loss for an unspecified cause",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,anuria and oliguria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000417 1_1_n3wb0k9m,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'allosexuality'?","A. The state of being sexually and romantically attracted to members of more than one gender. B. The condition of being allosexual (in any of its many senses). C. Any sexuality considered not heterosexual. D. The spectrum between asexuality and sexuality.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,allosexuality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000700 1_1_nmo4uycp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'manufactured building or mobile home installer'?","A. Install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, or other drawings. B. Prepare and sort materials or products for recycling. Identify and remove hazardous substances. Dismantle components of products such as appliances. C. Select, fit, and take care of costumes for cast members, and aid entertainers. May assist with multiple costume changes during performances. D. Move or install mobile homes or prefabricated buildings.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,manufactured building or mobile home installer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49909500 1_1_c1ws6jd8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion of plant substance'?","A. A portion of plant substance that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle , and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains. B. A plant anatomical entity that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. C. A portion of plant substance that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast or symplast . D. A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,portion of plant substance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025161 1_1_59hukxrw,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acquisition'?","A. This class comprises transfers of the physical custody or the legal responsibility for the physical custody of objects. The recording of the donor or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of custody (there is no previous custodian) 2. the end of custody (there is no subsequent custodian) 3. the transfer of custody (transfer from one custodian to the next) 4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source (the previous custodian is unknown) 5. the declared loss of an object (the current or subsequent custodian is unknown) In the event that only a single kind of transfer of custody occurs, either the legal responsibility for the custody or the actual physical possession of the object but not both, this difference should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). The sense of physical possession requires that the object of custody be in the hands of the keeper at least with a part representative for the whole. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The interpretation of the museum notion of ""accession"" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. Theft is a specific case of illegal transfer of custody.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor. The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of rights. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of ownership 2. the end of ownership 3. the transfer of ownership 4. the acquisition from an unknown source 5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example, by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of “accession” differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E8 Acquisition,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E8_Acquisition 1_1_65ulzv5d,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'reb'?","A. Functions for computing and displaying sample size information for gene expression arrays. B. A set of functions to dentify regional expression biases C. The package implements methods to compare lists of genes based on comparing the corresponding 'functional profiles'. D. xmapBridge can plot graphs in the X:Map genome browser. This package exports plotting files in a suitable format.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,reb,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000685 1_1_nvyhjmc7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(poly-L-lysine)y(mimHNK-1)x'?","A. Poly-L-lysine (n > 40) in which 50-70% of the epsilon-amino groups are substituted with benzylpenicilloyl groups. It is used as a skin-testing reagent to detect immunoglobulin E antibodies in people with a history of penicillin allergy. B. A random copolymer of adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid. C. A random copolymer based on poly-L-lysine containing a disaccharide glycomimetic of the natural HNK-1 (human natural killer-1) glycoepitope. The proportions of the HNK-1 glycomimetic-modified poly-L-lysine component and the unmodified poly-L-lysine component (labelled m and m respectively in the diagram) are respectively x% and (100-x)%. D. A random copolymer in which the monomeric units are DNA nucleotide residues.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(poly-L-lysine)y(mimHNK-1)x,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_137080 1_1_3zvrvmcv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative surprise'?","A. Surprise with a positive valence B. Surprise with a negative valence. C. An emotion caused by encountering unexpected events. D. Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,negative surprise,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000210 1_1_a3t0kfc7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Middle superficial cerebral vein'?","A. Superficial cerebral vein, each instnce of which is a tributary of some cavernous sinus and drains some frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. B. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the medial and superolateral region of some cerebral hemispheres and empties into some superior sagittal sinus. C. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which interconnects some middle cerebral vein and some superior sagittal sinus. D. Superficial cerebral vein, each instance of which drains the inferior aspect of some cerebral cortex to some adjacent sinuses.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Middle superficial cerebral vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50983 1_1_e9kgx772,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044512 1_1_lx8werhg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Set of all ileocolic lymph nodes'?","A. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has two spatial dimensions. Examples: body surface, epigastrium, precordium, right iliac fossa. B. Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart. C. Anatomical cavity, which is surrounded by an organ part; is separated from the cavity or lumen of other organ parts of the same organ by anatomical structures. Examples: cavity of right atrium, medullary cavity of long bone, bone marrow cavity. D. Superior mesenteric lymph node group which is located along ileocolic artery.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Set of all ileocolic lymph nodes,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71804 1_1_jtxejc59,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-(D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl D-galactopyranoside'?","A. A glycosylglycerol that is 1-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)glycerol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucose ring has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-galactopyranoside. B. A glycosylglycerol in which the glycosyl moeity is any digalactosyl group. C. A glycoside resulting from the condensation of one of the hydroxy groups of glycerol with a glycosyl group. D. A glycosylglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 2 have been converted into the corresponding D-galactopyranoside and D-glucopyranoside derivatives, respectively.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-(D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-hydroxypropyl D-galactopyranoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_155391 1_1_td787swm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf endodermis'?","A. A portion of endodermis that is part of a vascular leaf. B. A portion of endodermis that is part of an plant embryo . C. A portion of ground tissue that is the inner most layer of a cortex and has a casparian strip in its anticlinal cell walls. D. A portion of endodermis that is part of a root cortex.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf endodermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005060 1_1_svfz61yr,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'import ontology module'?","A. An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. B. A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. C. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. D. A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,import ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000005 1_1_0ffgmu4p,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbuncle'?","A. is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.[1] Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.[1] The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.[1] The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling.[6] Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. B. is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an accumulation of pus and dead tissue.[1] Boils which are expanded are basically pus-filled nodules.[2][verification needed] Individual boils clustered together are called carbuncles.[3] Most human infections are caused by coagulase-positive S. aureus strains, notable for the bacteria's ability to produce coagulase, an enzyme that can clot blood. Almost any organ system can be infected by S. aureus. C. the proximal femur between the cervical region and the shaft. Subtrochanteric fracture, with a fracture line running from an area within 5 cm distal to the lesser trochanter D. is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.[1] The presence of a carbuncle is a sign that the immune system is active and fighting the infection.[2] The infection is contagious and may spread to other areas of the body, or other people; those living in the same residence may develop carbuncles at the same time.[3] In the early 21st century, infection involving methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become more common.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,carbuncle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000117 1_1_f2fkve3o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper respiratory tract'?","A. The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. B. The section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate. C. An section of a respiratory tract. D. A continuation of the pharynx that is involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,upper respiratory tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557 1_1_n98im91r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'meridional wind'?","A. The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind B. When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more C. The wind or wind component along the local meridian, as distinguished from the zonal wind. In a horizontal coordinate system fixed locally with the x axis directed eastward and the y axis northward, the meridional wind is positive if from the south, and negative if from the north. D. The mean wind-shear vector in geostrophic balance with the gradient of mean temperature of a layer bounded by two isobaric surfaces.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,meridional wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/MeridionalWind 1_1_is4z2t1c,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of fruit (size class 75+)'?","A. Number of apples shown signs of peel tan browning after the storage period B. Number of fruit of size class 75+ measured with sorter machine C. Number of apples shown signs of shrivel after the storage period D. Number of apples shown signs of vitrescence after the storage period",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of fruit (size class 75+),https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_370:0000910 1_1_zxxh4nol,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'naphthalene'?","A. An aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. B. A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. C. A cigarette pack that contains the full product brand name and brand imagery printed on it. D. Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,naphthalene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16482 1_1_lswvnqgm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'branchiootic syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by bilateral prelingual sensorineural hearing loss and euthyroid goiter and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC26A4 gene on chromosome 7q. B. A syndrome characterized by decreased fetal movements, intrauterine growth restriction, joint contractures, and developmental anomalies, including lung hypoplasia, cleft palate, and cryptorchidism that often has_material_basis_in mutation in a gene associated with the neuromuscular junction. C. A syndrome characterized by malformations of the outer, middle and inner ear and branchial and renal malformations. Mutations of the EYA1, SIX1 and SIX5 genes are associated with the syndrome. D. A syndrome characterized by cardiac, hand/foot, facial, and neurodevelopmental features that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CACNA1C gene on chromosome 12p13.33. The two forms are type 1 (classic) and type 2, a rare form that has_material_basis_in mutations in a transcript variant of the CACNA1C gene.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,branchiootic syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060232 1_1_umj31171,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Guarantor'?","A. An agent responsible for the distribution of a comic publication. B. A physical or digital library containing a collection of comic resources. C. An organization that guarantees the stated condition of a comic book. D. An organization.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Guarantor,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Guarantor 1_1_axjpoulj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital chylothorax'?","A. A thoracic disease which may involve inflammation of pleura, collection of air within the pleural cavity, abnormal collection of pleural fluid, abnormal growths on the pleura (pleural tumor) and pleural plaques. The main causes of pleural diseases including pleural effusions are congestive heart failure, malignancy, parapneumonic infections and pulmonary embolism. B. A soft tissue infectious disease that involves accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity as a result of infection within the lung (pneumonia) or a lung abscess spreading into the space. The symptoms include cough, fever, chest pain, sweating and shortness of breath. C. A pleural disease characterized by the accumulation of chyle within the pleural space leading to respiratory distress, malnutrition and immunological compromise, either immediately after birth or within the first few weeks of life. D. A pleural disease that is characterized as an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital chylothorax,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060646 1_1_kb1vs88h,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26Z,30Z,34E)-decaprenyl diphosphate'?","A. A decaprenyl diphosphate having (E)-stereochemistry exclusively in the double bonds. B. A polyprenol diphosphate compound having ten prenyl units with undefined stereochemistry about the double bonds. C. A decaprenyl diphosphate having (Z)-stereochemistry in all but one of the double bonds. D. A decaprenyl diphosphate having (Z)-stereochemistry about all but one of the double bonds.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26Z,30Z,34E)-decaprenyl diphosphate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81671 1_1_9ulbbbe8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'eon'?","A. The subdivisions of geologic time. The table of geologic time spans are dates and nomenclature defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. [Wikipedia] B. Epochs are divided into ages [millions of years] [Wikipedia] C. Supereons are divided into eons. [billions of years] [Wikipedia] D. Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,eon,http://sweetontology.net/stateTime/Eon 1_1_zopvf3qp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seedling cotyledon'?","A. A gametophyte apical cell that is part of a thallus. B. A cotyledon that is part of a plant embryo . C. A vascular leaf formed at the first shoot node of a plant embryo or a seedling . D. A cotyledon that is part of a seedling .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seedling cotyledon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025471 1_1_q6su3who,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048347 1_1_juv8wbrv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of developmental pigmentation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase RNA localization to Cajal body. B. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of RNA localization to telomere. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of developmental pigmentation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048086 1_1_7n2gxmdx,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Category'?","A. Supporting Element is one of two main elements that are of type BPMN Element (see Figure B.1). The other is Graphical Element. There are 16 types, and a few subtypes, of Support Element. These are: These are: Assignments (see Section B.11.3 on page 269), Categories (see Section B.11.4 on page 269), Entities (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Event Details (see Section B.11.7 on page 270), Expressions (see Section B.11.8 on page 273), Gates (see Section B.11.9 on page 274), Inputs (see Section B.11.10 on page 274), Messages (see Section B.11.11 on page 275), Outputs (see Section B.11.13 on page 275), Participants (see Section B.11.14 on page 276), Processes (see Section B.3 on page 242), Properties (see Section B.11.15 on page 276), Roles (see Section B.11.16 on page 276), Conditions (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Transactions (see Section B.11.19 on page 277), and Web Services (see Section B.11.20 on page 277). B. Base element C. Category, which is used in the definition of attributes for all BPMN elements, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). Since a Category is also a BPMN element, a Category can have Categories to create a hierarchical structure of Categories. D. Parallel Gateway",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Category,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#category 1_1_mzmqjife,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Montreal Cognitive Assessment Functional Test'?","A. A tool used as a new 6-8 minute dementia screening, consisting of 5 short subtests, which is objective both in performance and evaluation. B. The second version of California Verbal Learning Test, a neuropsychological test developed to make a comprehensive and detailed assessment of verbal learning and memory in individuals ranging in age from 16 to 89 years. C. A standardized rating scale developed by Ziad Nasreddine in 1996 to screen for mild cognitive dysfunction and impairment. This instrument assesses the following cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. D. An instrument consisting of a predetermined set of questions for a clinical or research assessment.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Montreal Cognitive Assessment Functional Test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C123667 1_1_24ukauf9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of locomotion'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of locomotion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040017 1_1_3a07pbng,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'structure with developmental contribution from neural crest'?","A. Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. B. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. C. Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. (DK). D. An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,structure with developmental contribution from neural crest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010314 1_1_bv8qr3a8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethylmalonic encephalopathy'?","A. A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase, myopathy, hepatomegaly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and Leigh syndrome, and is caused by mutations related to oxidative phosphorylation. B. A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and regression, prominent pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhea; it has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ETHE1 gene, which encodes a mitochondrial matrix protein, on chromosome 19q13. C. A mitochondrial metabolism disease characterized by impaired function of one or more of the proteins making up the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. D. A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by reduced function of more than one stage of energy production resulting from mitochondria impairment.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ethylmalonic encephalopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060640 1_1_74yg7nm5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'headache'?","A. pain that lasts more that half a year B. stomach pain or a stomachache C. pain that lasts from 3-6 months related to soft tissue D. a disorder characterized by a sensation of marked discomfort in the head",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,headache,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000451 1_1_j1x1xtdb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasopharynx'?","A. The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the trachea and includes all distal structures including the lungs[WP,modified]. B. The segment of the respiratory tract that starts proximally with the nose and ends distally with the cricoid cartilage, before continuing to the trachea. C. The section of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate. D. An section of a respiratory tract.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nasopharynx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001728 1_1_2nbnc2d6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylcholine 37:0'?","A. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 37 carbons and no double bonds. B. A phosphatidylcholine having a linoleoyl at sn-1 and a fatty acyl chain of unknown composition at sn-2. Major species at pH 7.3. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the two phosphatidyl acyl groups each contain 20 carbons and 5 double bonds. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 33 carbons in total with 2 double bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylcholine 37:0,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134501 1_1_jq1bvhhx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Isw1b complex'?","A. An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc3p. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. C. An Isw1 complex that binds DNA and has nucleosome-stimulated ATPase activity. In S. cerevisiae, contains an Isw1p ATPase subunit in complex with Ioc2p and Ioc4p. D. A protein complex that contains an Isw1 subunit from the ISWI-family of ATPases and acts to modify chromatin structure.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Isw1b complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036437 1_1_ddvxcqym,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'karif'?","A. On the Bulgarian coast, a west wind that usually follows rain and persists for one to three days. B. A strong southwest wind on the southern shore of the Gulf of Aden, especially at Berbera, Somaliland, during the southwest monsoon. C. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. D. A wind that ascends a mountain valley (upvalley wind) during the day; the daytime component of a mountain?valley wind system.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,karif,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Karif 1_1_bxowrns0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rectus sheath'?","A. Organ system which has as direct parts skin and superficial fascia. Examples: There is only one integument. B. Anatomical junction in which two or more anatomical structures intermingle segments of their component parts. Examples: commissure, raphe C. Anatomical junction between aponeuroses of the anterior abdominal muscles. D. Decussation, each instance of which a sheath formed by the aponeuroses of the muscles of some anterior abdominal wall, within which some rectus abdominis can move.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Rectus sheath,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9587 1_1_wdcurbn4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle'?","A. The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from meiosis I to meiosis II. B. The cell cycle process by which a cell commits to entering the next meiotic cell cycle phase. C. The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the activation of the anaphase promoting complex by Cdc20/Sleepy homolog which results in the degradation of Securin. D. The cell cycle process in which a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase as part of meiosis.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,metaphase/anaphase transition of meiotic cell cycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044785 1_1_s5euqvrm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cortisol biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monodictyphenone. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone. Consists of the three reactions: (2E)-geranyl diphosphate = (2S,4R)-bornyl diphosphate, which is converted to (1R,2S,4R)-borneol + diphosphate, and then to (1R,4R)-camphor. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of olefin.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cortisol biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034651 1_1_wx60bdo2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphingolipid'?","A. A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. B. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. C. Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone. D. A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sphingolipid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26739 1_1_rj13zn0m,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'opioid withdrawal symptom'?","A. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of consumption of an opioid drug. B. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of nicotine consumption. C. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption. D. A bodily disposition to undergo pathological processes characterized by physiological or psychological dysfunction that exists in an organism because of homeostatic disruption resulting from the cessation or reduction of repeated drug exposure.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,opioid withdrawal symptom,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001385 1_1_x94lv7xl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(Z)-but-2-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid'?","A. A tricarboxylic acid comprising (Z)-but-2-ene having the three carboxy groups at the 1-, 2- and 3-positions. B. A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5. C. An indoledione obtained by formal oxidation of the dihydroxyindole moiety of betanidin to the corresponding quinone. D. Muconic acid (stereochemistry of C=C bonds unspecified) substituted at the 3-position by a carboxymethyl group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(Z)-but-2-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16717 1_1_g8v6zv1m,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sedimentary rock cement'?","A. A constituent that occupies space between individual grains of a consolidated sedimentary rock, and binds the grains together as a rigid, coherent mass; it may be derived from the sediment or its entrapped waters, or it may be brought in by solution from outside sources. Material is usually chemically precipitated (Jackson, 1997, p. 103). Distinguished from matrix by clearly secondary origin and generally monomineralic charactera B. any crystal in an igneous or metamorphic rock that is sgnificantly larger than the surounding groundmass. May be a phenocryst, xenocryst, porphyroblast or porphyroclast. C. Constituent forms an interconnected network of material enclosing other constituents that are disguished by larger grain size. D. Constituent is distributed through the material between other constituent particles",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sedimentary rock cement,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/SedimentaryRockCement 1_1_1sgimt1h,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stigma color'?","A. Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade B. Intensity of greenness on the penultimate leaf lamina/blade, if visible under any purplish colour attributable to anthocyanin C. Thickness of the leaf sheath surrounding the stem D. Color of stigma",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stigma color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000038 1_1_jt53ih4m,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ocean surface stress'?","A. The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) B. A rate which inheres in a soil percolation process. C. A rate which inheres in an atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process. D. The duration of some stellar radiation.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ocean surface stress,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001844 1_1_yabtwtld,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint'?","A. Joint that articulates the ceratohyal and dorsal hypohyal bones. Ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint is paired. B. In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. C. Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and vomer. Mesethmoid-vomer joint is unpaired. D. Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ceratohyal-dorsal hypohyal joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001843 1_1_4wcrxr5v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'drifting sea ice mass'?","A. A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. B. An ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. C. A drift ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. D. A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,drifting sea ice mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001518 1_1_oxcdtbdm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect pharynx development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nematode pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure. B. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cordate pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of insect pharynx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,insect pharynx development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0160095 1_1_3nur3khq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal peripapillary microvascular network'?","A. The density of the deep peripapillary microvascular network (i.e., the number of blood vessels) is below the lower limit of normal. This finding is observable by optical coherence tomography angiography. B. A morphological abnormality of the optic disc, i.e., of the portion of the optic nerve clinically visible on fundoscopic examination. C. A cleft of the optic nerve that extends inferiorly. D. A condition characterized by bleeding at or near the optic disc, visible as a flame-shaped or splinter hemorrhage on fundoscopic examination.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal peripapillary microvascular network,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000771 1_1_to5j3k46,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cis-bisulepin'?","A. The (Z)-isomer of dithiadene. B. The (E)-isomer of dithiadene. C. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydrothieno[2,3-c][2]benzothiepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 4. D. A methoxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and a hydroxy group at position 6.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cis-bisulepin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_167624 1_1_ib96w3yf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Middle Eastern religion'?","A. Any of various religions originating in the Middle East. B. Any of various religions originating on the Indian subcontinent. C. Any of various religions originating primarily in Western Asia. D. Any of various religions originating in East Asia.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Middle Eastern religion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009675 1_1_43ehn0gj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right branch of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the posterior wall of the left ventricle. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interventricular septum and is continuous with the right and left branches of the atrioventricular bundle. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the septal myocardium of right ventricle to reach the anterior papillary muscle and then subendocardially to the apex of the heart. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is interpersed with the regular cardiac myocyte on the left stratum of the interventricular septum.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right branch of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9486 1_1_niiwel04,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(6Z,9Z,11E)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA'?","A. An octadecatrienoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (6Z,9Z,11E)-octadecatrienoic acid. B. An octadecatrienoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (2E,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid. C. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA in which the S-acyl moiety contains 18 carbons and 3 double bonds at unknown positions. D. An octadecatrienoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of alpha-linolenic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(6Z,9Z,11E)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85940 1_1_dpn3zv24,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete LC-MS data'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete LC-MS data,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000253 1_1_yz19xrq3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048712 1_1_a6noot0v,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive emotion'?","A. A negative emotion aroused when a person feels threatened by a rival in his or her relationship with another individual, in particular an intimate partner. Involves feelings of threat, fear, suspicion, distrust, anxiety, anger, betrayal, and rejection. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that is about a sense of uncertainty or bewilderment within oneself. C. A negative, high intensity emotion characterised by loss of hope and loss of interest. Associated with action tendencies of harm to self or others. [Source: OCEAS] D. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,positive emotion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000211 1_1_ygaoetf1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'aquatic ecosystem'?","A. Transpression regimes are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] B. Pahoehoe is basaltic lava that has a smooth, billowy, undulating, or ropy surface. These surface features are due to the movement of very fluid lava under a congealing surface crust. [Wikipedia] C. The rate of discharge of water from the well divided by the drawdown of the water level within the well. D. An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem located in a body of water. Communities of organisms that are dependent on each other and on their environment live in aquatic ecosystems. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,aquatic ecosystem,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/AquaticEcosystem 1_1_e67ebih9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N,1-dipalmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine(1-)'?","A. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine(1-) in which the N-acyl group is specified as capryloyl (octanoyl) while the phosphatidyl acyl groups at position 1 and 2 are specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) and linoleoyl (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl) respectively; major species at pH 7.3. B. An organophosphate oxoanion derived from deprotonation of the phosphate group of any N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine. C. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine(1-) in which the N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl while the phosphatidyl acyl groups at position 1 and 2 are specified as hexadecanoyl and (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl) respectively; major species at pH 7.3. D. An N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine(1-) in which the N-acyl group is specified as butyryl while the phosphatidyl acyl groups at position 1 and 2 are specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl) and linoleoyl (9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl) respectively; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N,1-dipalmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine(1-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85334 1_1_gs7f5g9k,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'oil gland'?","A. A specialized tissue where excess salt absorbed in water from the soil is concentrated, being stores or excreted. B. A gland or a cavity lined with cells that secrete oils. C. A portion of secretory tissue that has as parts articulated laticifer cells . D. A portion of secretory tissue which is a multicellular glandular structure secreting a liquid containing organic substances, including sugars.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,oil gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005669 1_1_0ffi3pjc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone 8 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical inferoseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 13 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. B. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid anteroseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 7 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal inferoseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 1 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. D. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 14 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone 8 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86512 1_1_v80y73eq,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rhumba'?","A. of butterflies, dragons B. of locusts, bees C. of rattlesnakes D. of crocodiles",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Rhumba,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Rhumba 1_1_48rjdnln,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small intestine smooth muscle contraction. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of colon smooth muscle contraction.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of colon smooth muscle contraction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904342 1_1_kmovhgbn,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'organic hydroxy compound'?","A. A compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. C. 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. D. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,organic hydroxy compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33822 1_1_m193rw6j,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pleasure associated with behaviour'?","A. that is experienced as a result of engaging in a behaviour. B. A personal attribute that is a time quality inhering in a person by virtue of how long since the person was born. C. A positive emotion which is sought out and is associated with happiness and satisfaction. D. Pleasure associated with a behaviour where the behaviour is cigarette smoking.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pleasure associated with behaviour,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_006159 1_1_d0zp2216,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special administrative region of China'?","A. Any of various areas in China designated as special administrative regions, that is a type of provincial-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China directly under Central People's Government. As a region, they possess the highest degree of autonomy in China. Despite the relative autonomy that the Central People's Government affords special administrative regions, the National People's Congress is still able to unilaterally write laws in secret for special administrative regions that are not read publicly until they are passed. B. A special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The territory lies on the eastern side of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangdong province in the north and facing the South China Sea in the east, west and south. Hong Kong was a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1842 until the transfer of its sovereignty to the People's Republic of China in 1997. C. A country in eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, south of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia. D. Murders of children; murder in which a child or children are the primary victims.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,special administrative region of China,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00003201 1_1_33o7ll5y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process'?","A. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903020 1_1_i9ywcyw1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydroxyacyl-CoA'?","A. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid. B. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. C. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid. D. A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hydroxyacyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62618 1_1_fju5yz2t,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation'?","A. The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated anandamide. B. The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from the 5' end of a polynucleotide. C. The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein. D. The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phosphoanandamide dephosphorylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035644 1_1_12h74b94,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flight'?","A. of butterflies, dragons B. of rattlesnakes C. of locusts, bees D. of ants",A,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Flight,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Flight 1_1_b5lzm20w,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wicca'?","A. Any of various modern Pagan religions developed in Northern Europe. B. A modern Pagan religion which developed in England during the first half of the 20th century and was introduced to the public in 1954 by Gerald Gardner, a retired British civil servant. Wicca draws upon a diverse set of ancient pagan and 20th-century hermetic motifs for its theological structure and ritual practices. C. A philosophy and religious tradition founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world, accessible to human experience. Followers of anthroposophy aim to develop mental faculties of spiritual discovery through a mode of thought independent of sensory experience. D. A collective term for new religious movements influenced by or derived from the various historical pagan beliefs of pre-modern peoples. Although they share similarities, contemporary Pagan religious movements are diverse, and do not share a single set of beliefs, practices, or texts.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Wicca,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010025 1_1_klnpfyyy,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'epicene gender pronoun'?","A. A pronoun which is associated with either the epicene grammatical gender or an epicene personal gender (the gender of a person). B. A pronoun which is associated with a particular grammatical gender or personal gender (the gender of a person). C. A pronoun which is associated with either the feminine grammatical gender or a feminine personal gender (the gender of a person). D. A pronoun which is associated with either the neuter grammatical gender or a neutral personal gender (the gender of a person).",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,epicene gender pronoun,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002474 1_1_um8yxov8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044365 1_1_09xtl9hd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'photosphere'?","A. An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. B. A nutricline which is part of a water body. C. A cline which is part of a lake and across which temperature changes rapidly with depth. D. A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,photosphere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000821 1_1_1xv5csrg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'gonad'?","A. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). B. Hoar which a) forms on surfaces, b) occurs when the temperature of the surface is colder than the air above and colder than the frost point of that air. C. An organ involved in reproduction. D. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide gynaecologic medical services.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,gonad,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000991 1_1_5968vtss,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Platform restricted'?","A. Platform restricted is a platform clause which places restrictions on which platform the licensed resource may be installed on. B. Platform unrestrictred is a platform clause which does not place any restrictions on which type of platform the resource may be licensed for. C. Annotate a genome sequence with terms from a controlled vocabulary. D. A Platform clause is a license clause which states the platform restrictions for the licensed resource, if any. The license for a resource may or may not allow the use of any platform. If it is allowed, such usage may be restricted in a variety of ways.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Platform restricted,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000022 1_1_iezntcv5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'raphe'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is elongated and sub-cylindrical to cylindrical and supports another cardinal organ part. B. A cardinal organ part that is a ridge on a plant ovule where a funicle is or was fused to the ovule. C. A region of the root between the meristem and the region of rapid elongation in which isodiametric growth (cell expansion) occurs. D. A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure that is a proper part of a plant organ and includes portions of plant tissue of at least two different types.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,raphe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020027 1_1_6ebu261k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lumbocostal ligament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a strong fascial band that passes from some twelfth rib to the tips of transverse processes of some first and second lumbar vertebrae. B. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a flat triangular band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the anterior part of the lateral surface of the distal end of some tibia to the anterior part of the distal end of some fibula. C. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a band of fibers extending from superior part of superior border of some lateral pterygoid plate to spine ofsome sphenoid bone. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lumbocostal ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma8960 1_1_4jtdoen2,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'radiation fog'?","A. A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. B. A natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog. C. 1. According to U.S. weather observing practice, a fog that hides less than 0.6 of the sky and does not extend to the base of any clouds that may lie above it. As an obstruction to vision in an aviation weather observation, ground fog is encoded GF. 2. See radiation fog. D. A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,radiation fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/RadiationFog 1_1_7mz1acfd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cusp of cardiac valve'?","A. Organ component, each instance of which is an outer layer or region of some organ. B. Organ component which has as its parts the cusp proper, lunule and nodule of semilunar valvule. C. Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. D. Organ component, each instance of which is some cluster of specialized epithelial cells that includes taste receptor cells, basal cells, and, supporting cells, which are connected to some gustatory nerve endings; it is located around the bases of some vallate, fungiform, and foliate papillae of the tongue and provides the sense of taste.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cusp of cardiac valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7232 1_1_xmx2704f,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'beach'?","A. A doming or small mound on the crest of a lava flow caused by pressure due to the difference in the rate of flow between the cooler crust and the more fluid lava below. B. A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach. C. A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Flood basalts have occurred on continental scales (large igneous provinces) in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. [Wikipedia] D. Field (agriculture), an area of land used to cultivate crops, or to keep livestock [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,beach,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandCoastal/Beach 1_1_tx7rwonb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'desktop graphical user interface'?","A. A Web User interface is a Graphical User Interface which is loaded and run via a Web browser rather than within the user's operating system. B. A Graphical user interface is a type of software interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices using images rather than text commands. A GUI represents the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. C. A Desktop Graphical User interface is a Graphical User Interface which is loaded and run within the user's operating system rather than via a Web browser. D. The GNU GPL v2 is an earlier version of the GNU GPL: a free software license, and a copyleft license. Please note that GPLv2 is, by itself, not compatible with GPLv3. However, most software released under GPLv2 allows you to use the terms of later versions of the GPL as well. When this is the case, you can use the code under GPLv3 to make the desired combination.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,desktop graphical user interface,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/interface/SWO_5000003 1_1_rfwtfdkw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'right lung lobar bronchus epitheium'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a lobar bronchus of right lung. B. An epithelium that is part of a right lung [Automatically generated definition]. C. An endothelium that is part of a right lung. D. The tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,right lung lobar bronchus epitheium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015795 1_1_ojk73s69,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'rRNA modification'?","A. Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule. B. The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. C. The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically. D. Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,rRNA modification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000154 1_1_mlxzfojm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'speech clarity'?","A. The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. B. The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. C. The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem. D. The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,speech clarity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000099 1_1_cp4bn7nr,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Greater tubercle of humerus'?","A. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which is a a large flattened prominence at the superolateral aspect of the proximal epiphysis of some humerus, just lateral to the highest part of some anatomical neck, giving attachment to some infraspinatus, the supraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles. B. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which is a large anterior tubercle of the transverse process of some sixth cervical vertebra. C. Subdivision of telencephalon which is a region on the ventro-medial aspect of the telencephalon penetrated by numerous blood vessels. It is bounded by the optic tract posteriorly and the olfactory trigone anteriorly. D. Tubercle of bone, each instance of which is a prominence on some iliac crest about 5 cm posterior to some anterior superior iliac spine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Greater tubercle of humerus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23390 1_1_ownt3t2t,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'historical gender flip'?","A. A trope in adaptations of media in which a character, multiple characters, or all characters have their genders ""switched"" for any of various purposes. B. Sexual practices or activities involving bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism, or acts of domination and submission. C. Feelings of discomfort or distress related to an individual’s gender identity in relationship to their gendered presentation or expression or how such presentation and/or expression is perceived. D. A gender flip specifically involving a real-life historical figure.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,historical gender flip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008788 1_1_ge4yt842,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cathepsin K proteolytic cleavage product'?","A. A cathepsin K that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. B. A myeloperoxidase that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. C. A nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage. D. A fibroblast growth factor 2 that has been processed by proteolytic cleavage.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cathepsin K proteolytic cleavage product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018547 1_1_0hqmzeec,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'histone H4 demethylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H1 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. B. Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified lysine residue at position 20 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. C. Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from a modified lysine residue of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate. D. Catalysis of the removal of the methyl group from a modified arginine residue at position 3 of the histone H4 protein. This is a dioxygenase reaction that is dependent on Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,histone H4 demethylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0141058 1_1_emdj4zdm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transportation security screener'?","A. Conduct screening of passengers, baggage, or cargo to ensure compliance with Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations. May operate basic security equipment such as x-ray machines and hand wands at screening checkpoints. B. Set up, operate, or tend welding, soldering, or brazing machines or robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metal products, components, or assemblies. Includes workers who operate laser cutters or laser-beam machines. C. Operate or control petroleum refining or processing units. May specialize in controlling manifold and pumping systems, gauging or testing oil in storage tanks, or regulating the flow of oil into pipelines. D. Welcome patrons, seat them at tables or in lounge, and help ensure quality of facilities and service.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,transportation security screener,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33909300 1_1_cjqslr4b,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Jejunitis'?","A. A developmental defect resulting in abnormal closure, or atresia of the tubular structure of the jejunum. B. An abnormality of the jejunum, i.e., of the middle section of the small intestine. C. A segment of the jejunum that runs parallel to the normal jejunum and communicates with the jejunal lumen at one or both ends. D. Inflammation of the lining of the middle section of the small intestine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Jejunitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033143 1_1_kl8lmtzm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic chromosome condensation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045840 1_1_8tjozk6y,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Olivocochlear bundle'?","A. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers derived from the nucleus of some superior olive that terminates in relation to the hair cells in the spiral organ of some cochlea. B. Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex. C. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of some spinal cord, arising in the large cells of the red nucleus of some mesencephalon and terminating predominantly in the cervical region of some spinal cord. D. Tract of brain, each instance of which originates at some olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in some raphe nucleus, then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter some inferior peduncle to be distributed to some cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Olivocochlear bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72485 1_1_4yw8p40y,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary spastic paraplegia 34'?","A. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 12q23-q24. B. A paraplegia that is characterized by progressive stiffness and contraction (spasticity) in the lower limbs. C. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region Xq24-q25. D. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the FA2H gene on chromosome 16q23.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary spastic paraplegia 34,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110785 1_1_tkxxm86e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'scutianthraquinone C'?","A. A tertiary ammonium ion result from the protonation of the tertiary amino group of dehydrosecodine (the enamine form). An intermediate in the biosynthesis of aspidospermaand iboga alkaloids. B. A member of the class of coumarins that is the methyl ester of (2E)-2-(2-{[(3-butyl-4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-3-methoxyprop-2-enoic acid. A fungicide active against various fungal infections including downy mildew, blight, powdery mildew and rice blast. C. A member of the class of hydroxyanthraquinones isolated from the bark of Scutia myrtina. It has been shown to exhibit antiproliferative and antimalarial activities. D. A ring assembly that is 2,2',3,3',8,8',8a,8a'-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3a'-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 1'.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,scutianthraquinone C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66455 1_1_wmrits4t,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'metaxylem'?","A. A portion of xylem tissue that develops from the procambium . B. A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf. C. A portion of primary xylem tissue that has as part one or more metaxylem tracheary elements embedded in parenchyma tissue and may contain xylem fiber cells . D. A portion of primary xylem tissue that has as part one or more protoxylem tracheary elements embedded in parenchyma tissue.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,metaxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000372 1_1_03nipkat,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'increased mass'?","A. An efficiency which is relatively high. B. A mass which is higher than normal or average. C. A density which is higher relative to the normal or average. D. An increase in humidity.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,increased mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001563 1_1_v7ckf4h7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'wind wave energy'?","A. Wave energy which inheres in an elastic material and is realised when a deformational wave passes through that material. B. Mechanical wave energy which is realised when an acoustic wave propagates through a material. C. A frost action process during which the pressure of water freezing in cracks, crevices, pores, joints or bedding planes results in the mechanical disintegration, splitting or break-up of rock. D. Mechanical wave energy which inheres in an atmosphere and is realised during an atmospheric wind.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,wind wave energy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_2000033 1_1_8gqaoat3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.00 stem elongation begins stage'?","A. The stage at which the internodes begin to elongate. B. The stage at which one node or one internode is visible. C. The stage at which two nodes or two internodes are visible. D. The stage at which eight nodes or eight internodes are visible.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.00 stem elongation begins stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007079 1_1_nmbekpel,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'squamous cell neoplasm'?","A. A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. B. A cell type benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells. C. A cell type benign neoplasm composed_of epithelial cells located_in the ectodermal or endodermal cells linking body cavities. D. A cell type benign neoplasm that is composed_of a mixture of gonadal elements, such as large primordial germ cells, immature Sertoli cells or granulosa cells of the sex cord, and gonadal stromal cells (which comprises the granulosa, theca, and fibrocyte cells).",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,squamous cell neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3168 1_1_r6lsbfri,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Temporal Entity'?","A. This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless of their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place, and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods and E5 Events, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former instance of E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice. In some contexts, such phenomena are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item and is an abstract class that typically has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises items that have persistent characteristics of structural nature substantially related to their identity and their integrity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy. Persistent Items may be physical entities, such as people, animals or things, conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or even names. Instances of E77 Persistent Item may be present or be part of interactions in different periods or events. They can repeatedly be recognized at disparate occasions during their existence by characteristics of structural nature. The respective characteristics need not be exactly the same during all the existence of an instance of E77 Persistent Item. Often, they undergo gradual change, still bearing some similarities with that of previous times, or disappear completely and new emerge. For instance, a person, from the time of being born on, will gradually change all its features and acquire new ones, such as a scar. Even the DNA in different body cells will develop defects and mutations. Nevertheless, relevant characteristics used should be sufficiently similar to recognize the instance for some substantial period of time. The more specific criteria that determine the identity of instances of subclasses of E77 Persistent Item may vary considerably and are described or referred to in the respective scope notes. The decision about which exact criteria to use depends on whether the observable behaviour of the respective part of reality such confined conforms to the reasoning the user is interested in. For example, a building can be regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria, such as being bodily separated from other persons. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. On the opposite, the identity of a (version of a) text of a scientific publication is given by the exact arrangement of its relevant symbols. The main classes of objects that fall outside the scope of the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties. An instance of E77 Persistent Item does not require actual knowledge of the identifying features of the instance being currently known. There may be cases, where the actual identifying features of an instance of E77 Persistent Item are not decidable at a particular state of knowledge.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:All other classes within the CIDOC CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E2 Temporal Entity,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E2_Temporal_Entity 1_1_dacfr7e8,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'bgafun'?","A. Meta-data and tools to work with E. coli. The tools are mostly plotting functions to work with circular genomes. They can used with other genomes/plasmids. B. This package (GeneticsBase) provides a foundation of efficient data structures and easy-to-use manipulation functions. C. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed. D. BGAfun is a method to identify specifity determining residues in protein families",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,bgafun,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000482 1_1_8qyum3tv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Recurrent patellar dislocation'?","A. The kneecap normally is located within the groove termed trochlea on the distal femur and can slide up and down in it. Patellar dislocation occurs if the patella fully dislocates out of the groove. B. Dislocation of a given joint repeated times. C. Shoulder dislocation occurring repeated times. D. Patellar dislocation occurring repeated times.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Recurrent patellar dislocation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005001 1_1_pez2ks1d,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'heterobicyclic compound'?","A. A polycyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one non-carbon atom. B. A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon. C. A bicyclic compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one skeletal heteroatom. D. A molecule that features two fused rings.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,heterobicyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33672 1_1_azdgrajn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'aortic aneurysm and dissection'?","A. a chronic metabolic disease characterized by structural and functional alterations and interstitial fibrosis without coronary artery disease or hypertension B. A balloon-like buldge like causes a dissection (a tear in the lining of the aorta) C. Also called coronary artery disease, describes heart problems caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart. D. In atrial fibrillation, the atria beat irregularly. In atrial flutter, the atria beat regularly, but faster than usual and more often than the ventricles",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,aortic aneurysm and dissection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000499 1_1_u0ol27v1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plerome'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that is the outer layer of an apical meristem , or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper , and gives rise to a portion of epidermis . B. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a shoot system . C. A meristem forming the core of the axis composed of the primary vascular tissues and associated ground tissue, such as pith and interfascicular regions. D. A portion of meristem tissue that is committed to the development of a root primordium .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plerome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008035 1_1_4es47ty9,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Change'?","A. A change is a difference between the situation before and after the change occurs (the event of the change). A change can be instantaneous B. A collaborative plan is a plan which is shared (and executed) between at least two agents a and b. C. A plan is a structure of multiple other plans or actions. These can be both sequential or concurrent. Usually a plan is referred to in the context of the intention to act of some agent, however when executed the plan itself comes into effect. D. A personal plan is a plan which is held (and can be executed) by at most one agent.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Change,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/process.owl#Change 1_1_jtj1f07e,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Prorogation_in_Force'?","A. Modifies the period of being in force of some norm B. When an act states the end of the period of enactment, and includes an implicit repealing of the text. C. Prorogation of the date of enactment of some normative content. The 'life' of the act is lengthened with respect to some previous end of enactment modification. D. The date when the normative document is published in the official journal designated as the source for making all such documents public and legal.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Prorogation_in_Force,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Prorogation_in_Force 1_1_40x8mmhp,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044479 1_1_ubvlt9hu,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'perichaetal bract'?","A. A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure. B. A bract that subtends a perianth that is part of a flower . C. A bract that subtends an archegonium . D. A bract that subtends an antheridium .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,perichaetal bract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030030 1_1_6e4opjtj,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-acetyl-L-carnitine'?","A. A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings. B. A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). C. Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. D. An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,O-acetyl-L-carnitine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57589 1_1_i3f2lf6j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Corticopontine tract'?","A. Tract of brain which is continuous with olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex. B. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a collection of some corticospinal and cortibulbar nerve fibers that crossover at the level of the pyramids in some medulla oblongata; it is a collection of some upper motor neuron fibers which go to some spinal cord (corticospinal) or some brainstem (corticobulbar) and control the motor function of some body. C. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers making up the efferent pathways of some hypothalamus, arising from some hypothalamic nuclei and ending at various levels in some median eminence, infundibulum, and neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). D. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a group of corticopontine fibers arising from various areas of some cerebral cortex, particularly from areas involved in movement, and projecting to some pons.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Corticopontine tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma224856 1_1_fqnkbctr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lipoprotein lipase activator activity'?","A. Binds to and increases the activity of a phospholipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid. B. Binds to and increases the activity of a lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid. C. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels. D. Binds to and increases the activity of a lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that catalyzes of the hydrolysis of a lipid within a lipoprotein.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lipoprotein lipase activator activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060230 1_1_cip4f0h9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'abnormal weight loss'?","A. A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality. B. Uncommon severe weight loss for an unspecified cause C. Abnormal findings on diagnostic imaging of lung D. Excessive slowness in the action of the heart",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,abnormal weight loss,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000448 1_1_3vgkug0n,"In the ontology of Public Contracts, which of the following definitions best describes 'Otevírání nabídek'?","A. Class for description of one criterion and its weight B. Opening of tenders submitted for a public contract C. An instance of this class is an abstract information entity about a public contract. It consists of all currently known information about a contract, e.g., a contracting authority, services or supplies which shall be purchased, and contract conditions (e.g., important dates, expected price, etc.). It also informs about tenders received from particular bidders and about an accepted tender. If the contract has already been realized it also informs about an actual price of realization, etc. D. Basic class for decribing a tender submitted by a bidder",B,1_1,business_finance/public_contracts_ontology,Otevírání nabídek,http://purl.org/procurement/public-contracts#TendersOpening 1_1_sntb1uel,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'iliac vein smooth muscle tissue'?","A. A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system venous blood vessel. B. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a saphenous vein. C. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an iliac vein. D. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a venous system [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,iliac vein smooth muscle tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8480000 1_1_38mko6mu,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Product Type'?","A. This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. E55 Type provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials. Instances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of (forms part of): E18 Physical Thing). This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g. “instances of gold”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises types that stand as the models for instances of E22 Human-Made Object that are produced as the result of production activities using plans exact enough to result in one or more series of uniform, functionally and aesthetically identical and interchangeable items. The product type is the intended ideal form of the manufacture process. It is typical of instances of E22 Human-Made Object that conform to an instance of E99 Product Type that its component parts are interchangeable with component parts of other instances of E22 Human-Made Object made after the model of the same instance of E99 Product Type. Frequently, the uniform production according to a given instance of E99 Product Type is achieved by creating individual tools, such as moulds or print plates that are themselves carriers of the design of the product type. Modern tools may use the flexibility of electronically controlled devices to achieve such uniformity. The product type itself, i.e. the potentially unlimited series of aesthetically equivalent items, may be the target of artistic design, rather than the individual object. In extreme cases, only one instance of a product type may have been produced, such as in a “print on demand” process which was only triggered once. However, this should not be confused with industrial prototypes, such as car prototypes, which are produced prior to the production line being set up, or test the production line itself.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E99 Product Type,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E99_Product_Type 1_1_4ndidwry,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 3'?","A. 4th digit of the manus. B. A digit that is part of a digit 3 plus metapodial segment. C. 3rd digit of the hind autopod. D. 3rd digit of the manus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,manual digit 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003623 1_1_50tisgfk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'thalianol metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,thalianol metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0080003 1_1_vnor1uev,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'microphthalmia'?","A. An eye disease that is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss. B. An eye disease where one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. C. An eye disease characterized by nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis located_in cornea, has_symptom fever, has_symptom fatigue. D. An eye disease characterized by presence in the fundus of progressive bilateral retinal and choroidal atrophy leading to central vision loss that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in TEAD1 on 11p15.3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,microphthalmia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10629 1_1_6a415jas,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'palea apiculus'?","A. A cardinal organ part which is a short, abrupt, flexible point at the apex of the palea . B. A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit. C. The unifacial terete apical portion of a monocot cotyledon, sometimes also visible on other leaves. D. A cardinal organ part that has as parts an egg cell and two synergids and is located at the micropylar end of the embryo sac.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,palea apiculus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006033 1_1_qdw7yavr,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dizziness'?","A. Confusion is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a disturbance of consciousness characterized by inability to engage in orderly thought or by lack of power to distinguish, choose, or act decisively. B. Anxiety is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a painful or apprehensive uneasiness of mind usually over an impending or anticipated ill. C. Dizziness is a neurological and physiological symptom characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness accompanied by a feeling of movement within the head. D. Grey matter neocortex region of a lobe of the cerebral hemisphere.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dizziness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000610 1_1_7hnsyvh9,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Language'?","A. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g. “instances of cm”. Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises types that stand as the models for instances of E22 Human-Made Object that are produced as the result of production activities using plans exact enough to result in one or more series of uniform, functionally and aesthetically identical and interchangeable items. The product type is the intended ideal form of the manufacture process. It is typical of instances of E22 Human-Made Object that conform to an instance of E99 Product Type that its component parts are interchangeable with component parts of other instances of E22 Human-Made Object made after the model of the same instance of E99 Product Type. Frequently, the uniform production according to a given instance of E99 Product Type is achieved by creating individual tools, such as moulds or print plates that are themselves carriers of the design of the product type. Modern tools may use the flexibility of electronically controlled devices to achieve such uniformity. The product type itself, i.e. the potentially unlimited series of aesthetically equivalent items, may be the target of artistic design, rather than the individual object. In extreme cases, only one instance of a product type may have been produced, such as in a “print on demand” process which was only triggered once. However, this should not be confused with industrial prototypes, such as car prototypes, which are produced prior to the production line being set up, or test the production line itself.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. E55 Type provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts. This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”. It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E56 Language,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E56_Language 1_1_fuhk6a0c,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'shower fixture'?","A. An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. B. A plumbing fixture which may serve as a container for water in which humans or other animals may bathe. C. A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. D. A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,shower fixture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000992 1_1_sa2x6a00,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitreous chamber of eyeball'?","A. The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. B. The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified]. C. A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. D. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking affinity for water; tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve in or mix with or be wetted by water.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,vitreous chamber of eyeball,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001799 1_1_p4sjcs6v,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'misgendering'?","A. To misgender someone without necessarily the explicit intent to do so, usually as the result of an accident. B. To refer to a person using terms that express the wrong gender, either accidentally or deliberately; for example by calling a woman ""son"", a boy ""she"", or an agender individual ""he"" or ""she"" instead of ""they"" (or whatever other pronouns they prefer). C. To misgender someone with the explicit intent to do so, usually as a purposeful expression of transphobia. D. To attribute or refer to a person qualities which do not match their gender.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,misgendering,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011477 1_1_ru6i4wku,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other acute sinusitis'?","A. Acute sinusitis causes the spaces inside your nose (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen B. facial pain, localized to the cheek, but also in the frontal area or the teeth, that is made worse by stooping down or straining. The pain can be unilateral or bilateral, and tenderness may overlie the sinus. C. Acute sinusitis is most often caused by the common cold. Signs and symptoms may include a blocked and stuffy (congested) nose, which may block your sinuses and prevent drainage of mucus. D. Acute frontal sinusitis (AFrS) is defined as an acute bacterial infection of the frontal sinus cavity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Other acute sinusitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000217 1_1_e0ank2c2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Brown adipose tissue'?","A. Adipose tissue, each instance of which is some layer of adipose tissue underlying the dermis. B. Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet. C. Dense irregular connective tissue, which predominantly consists of adipocytes. D. Adipose tissue, cells of which contain multiple small lipid droplets.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Brown adipose tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20118 1_1_m0vwllay,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 67'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first year of life of refractory infantile spasms or myoclonus with developmental stagnation and severe neurologic impairment after seizure onset that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UBA5 gene on chromosome 3q22. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of seizures in the first days or weeks of life that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NSF gene on chromosome 17q21. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months of lifes of seizures, global developmental delay with impaired motor and intellectual development, poor or absent speech, movement disorders, and stereotypic or autistic behavior that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CUX2 gene on chromosome 12q24.11-q24.12. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of intractable seizures or abnormal movement in the first years of life and developmental delay or regression after seizure onset that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FRRS1L gene (604574) on chromosome 9q31.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 67,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112203 1_1_m0z2nm7z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding'?","A. Binding to an Edg-2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. B. Binding to an Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor. C. Binding to an Edg-5 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor. D. Binding to an Edg-1 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Edg-7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031760 1_1_0lvnp6c3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that is part of a plant embryo . B. A vascular system that is part of a cotyledon . C. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a root . D. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a fruit .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fruit vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008003 1_1_4qid3thd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'bicyclogermacrene catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bicyclogermacrene. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (-)-exo-alpha-bergamotene. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bicyclogermacrene. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving bicyclogermacrene.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,bicyclogermacrene catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901933 1_1_y6z3eeiz,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dentary-anguloarticular joint'?","A. Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and nasal. Mesethmoid-nasal joint is paired. B. Joint that articulates the hyomandibular cartilage or bone and otic region cartilage or sphenotic bone, and often pterotic bone and prootic bone. Hyomandibular-otic region joint is paired. C. Joint that articulates the mesethmoid and frontal. Mesethmoid-frontal joint is paired. D. Joint that articulates the dentary and anguloarticular. Dentary-anguloarticular joint is paired.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dentary-anguloarticular joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001749 1_1_1humgo79,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'intersex awareness'?","A. Awareness and/or consciousness of the transgender community and being transgender. B. Awareness of the differences experienced by asexual persons including life expectations and discriminatory attitudes. C. Awareness of the differences experienced by bisexual persons including life expectations and discriminatory attitudes. D. Awareness of the differences experienced by Intersex persons including life expectations and discriminatory attitudes.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,intersex awareness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004252 1_1_bor9kn19,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'host defense response against symbiont-mediated perturbation of plasma membrane integrity'?","A. A defense process that protects an organism from DNA or RNA from an invading organism. B. Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a symbiont that act to protect or prevent damage to the host. D. The cellular processes and signaling pathways by which a cell responds to disruption of the integrity of its plasma membrane by another organism. Some toxins produced by other organisms can form pores in membranes, or affect the membrane permeability.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,host defense response against symbiont-mediated perturbation of plasma membrane integrity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0140976 1_1_ud9zap30,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ascending colon'?","A. Euryon on right parietal region. B. Intercostal compartment space between eleventh and twelfth ribs. C. Organ part which is continuous with the cecum proximally and the transverse colon distally. D. Segment of cerebral hemisphere which has as its direct proper parts cortical gray matter bounded by sulcal and surface fiat anatomical boundaries.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Ascending colon,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14545 1_1_zx5w9ue5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glucocorticoid'?","A. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. B. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that regulate a variety of physiological processes, in particular control of the concentration of glucose in blood. C. Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone. D. Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,glucocorticoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24261 1_1_sakvnotn,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'skin of body'?","A. The mesencephalic roof plate, including the caudal and rostral part of the midbrain roof. B. The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. C. Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles. D. Portion of neural tube that gives rise to the midbrain.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,skin of body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097 1_1_khfrohpf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Embryo CS20'?","A. Discrete temporal embryo between 37-39 days postovulation. B. Discrete temporal embryo between 47-49 days postovulation. C. Discrete temporal embryo at 33 days postovulation. D. Discrete temporal embryo between 40-41 days postovulation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Embryo CS20,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma296885 1_1_2swmnd9r,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PCMG'?","A. BGL implements Depth First Search, Breadth First Search,Dijkstra's, Bellman Ford's and DAG,Johnson's and Floyd Warshall's.Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm Cuthill-McKee's algorithm Minimum degree Ordering B. The ACME algorithm is quite straightforward. Using a user-dened quantile of the data,called the threshold, any probes in the data that are above that threshold are considered positive probes. A p-value is then assigned to each probe. C. The circular binary segmentation (CBS) algorithm divides the genome into regions of equal copy number . The algorithm tests for change-points using a maximal t-statistic with a permutation reference distribution to obtain the corresponding p-value. The number of computations required for the maximal test statistic is O(N^2),where N is the number of markers. This makes the full permutation approach computationally prohibitive for the newer arrays that contain tens of thousands markers and highlights the need for a faster algorithm. D. PCMG- a bipartite graph in which one set of nodes represents proteins, the other set represents complexes, and an edge from a protein node to a complex node represents membership of the protein in that complex.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PCMG,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100070 1_1_e0ujjwom,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gutter'?","A. A visual frame containing part of a comics sequence. B. A page in a comics sequence. C. A comics story. D. The space between panels in a comics sequence.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Gutter,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Gutter 1_1_ksgn4brf,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glutamine'?","A. An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. B. An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. C. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. D. Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,glutamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28300 1_1_n23mp7gt,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Counting:sprout count at six-month_method'?","A. A count of the number of branches at every branching level B. Count of the number of seeds sown per family in the pre-nursery or directly in the nursery bed C. Count the number of weeks from planting to first apical branching associated with the formation of inflorescence. D. Count of the number of stakes germinated, six months after planting",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Counting:sprout count at six-month_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010225 1_1_5dcrwvr3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'LADD syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by predisposition for development of a broad spectrum of malignancies during childhood, including mainly brain, hematological and gastrointestinal cancers that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 on chromosomes 3p22.2, 2p21-p16, 2p16.3, and 7p22.1, respectively. B. A syndrome characterized by growth retardation, proportionate short stature, delayed bone age, delayed speech development and facial features including triangular shape, deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SRCAP gene on chromosome 16p11.2. C. A syndrome characterized by the higher than normal tendency associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 to develop breast and ovarian cancers in genetically related families. D. A syndrome that is characterized by defects in the tear-producing lacrimal system, ear problems, dental abnormalities, and deformities of the fingers.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,LADD syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081370 1_1_wti4gi3a,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute care nurse'?","A. Provide advanced nursing care for patients with acute conditions such as heart attacks, respiratory distress syndrome, or shock. May care for pre- and post-operative patients or perform advanced, invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. B. Under close supervision of an occupational therapist or occupational therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing patient and treatment room. C. Perform routine medical laboratory tests for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May work under the supervision of a medical technologist. D. Install, program, maintain, and repair security and fire alarm wiring and equipment. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,acute care nurse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29114101 1_1_rvq5ki1r,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 3'?","A. A facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in contraction of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat in the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q35. B. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. C. A facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in digenic inheritance of a heterozygous mutation in the SMCHDI gene on 18p11.32 and a haplotype on chromosome 4 that is permissive for DUX4 expression. D. A facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy characterized by adult onset of proximal muscle weakness affecting the face, neck, scapular muscles, and upper and lower limbs that has_material_basis_in the combination of a homozygous mutation in the LRIF1 gene on chromosome 1p13 and presence of a haplotype on chromosome 4 that is permissive for DUX4 expression.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060917 1_1_u0xrzbvx,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis use behaviour pattern'?","A. A consumption behaviour pattern that involves substance use behaviour. B. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves use of cannabis. C. A substance use behaviour pattern in which the substance used is alcohol. D. A substance use behaviour pattern in which the substance used is an opioid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis use behaviour pattern,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001136 1_1_zc4va896,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ArrayNorm'?","A. BRB-ArrayTools is an integrated package for the visualization and statistical analysis of DNA microarray gene expression data. It was developed by professional statisticians experienced in the analysis of microarray data and involved in the development of improved methods for the design and analysis of microarray based experiments. The system incorporates a variety of powerful analytic and visualization tools developed specifically for microarray data analysis. B. Cyber-T may be used to statistically determine what the probability is that a specific gene is differentially expressed by determining an associated p-value statistic. C. BeadStudio Software is a modular analysis tool for genotyping, gene expression, and methylation applications D. ArrayNorm is an platform-independent Java tool for normalization and statistical analysis for microarray-experiment data. It provides modules for visualization (scatterplot, histogram, boxplot, etc.), normalization and analysis.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ArrayNorm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000040 1_1_stl95qnv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 107'?","A. A non-syndromic intellectual disability characterized by a X-linked inheritance pattern. B. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or hemizygous mutation in CXorf56 on chromosome Xq24. C. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by moderate intellectual disability and impaired speech that has_material_basis_in mutation in a region on chromosome Xp11.3-q13.3. D. A non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability and facial feature anomalies that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the KLHL15 gene on chromosome Xp22.11.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 107,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112054 1_1_v2bb2m86,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'GMoi - Computation'?","A. Divide the total number of PDM damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. B. Measure sample weight of grains per plot after harvest, record dry weight of the same samples and calculate grain moisture content for each sample using formula: 100*(Wt of sample - Dry Weight)/Wt of sample. C. Divide the total number of LateWilt damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. D. Divide the total number of HSmut damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,GMoi - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000195 1_1_5u2s3e3s,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior pulmonary venous tree'?","A. Pulmoanry venous tree organ, each instance of which returns blood from the lower lobe of some lung to the left atrium of some heart. B. Venous tree (organ) connected to the left atrium. Examples: There are four pulmonary venous trees; right superior pulmonary vein, right inferior pulmonary vein, left superior pulmonary vein and left inferior pulmonary vein. C. Pulmoanry venous tree organ, each instance of which returns blood from the upper lobe of some lung to the left atrium of some heart. D. Inferior pulmonary venous tree, each instance of which returns blood from the lower lobe of some right lung to the left atrium of some heart.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior pulmonary venous tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49910 1_1_thubu36m,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'hormone binding'?","A. The selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric, interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. B. Binding to a sodium ion (Na+). C. Binding to an iron (Fe) ion. D. Binding to an hormone, a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affect the metabolism or behavior of cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be produced by the same, or different, cell as express the receptor.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,hormone binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042562 1_1_s62mb0aa,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein maturation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing. C. An epigenetic process that increases gene expression at specific genomic regions through chromatin remodeling either by modifying higher order chromatin fiber structure, nucleosomal histones, or the cytosine DNA demethylation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid fibril formation.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of protein maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903319 1_1_iivefr7a,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'kanamycin X'?","A. A kanamycin that is kanamycin A in which the 6'-amino group is replaced by a hydroxy group. B. A kanamycin that is kanamycin B in which the 3''-amino group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. C. A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring. D. A kanamycin that is kanamycin C in which the 3''-amino group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,kanamycin X,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72797 1_1_vwv1opdk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fog'?","A. Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. B. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. C. A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. D. Particles suspended, reducing visibility by scattering light; often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/Fog 1_1_f7az2wn0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'glass blower, molder, bender, or finisher'?","A. Make, repair, or replace upholstery for household furniture or transportation vehicles. B. Pack or package by hand a wide variety of products and materials. C. Maintain order among students on a school bus. Duties include helping students safely board and exit and communicating behavioral problems. May perform pretrip and posttrip inspections and prepare for and assist in emergency evacuations. D. Shape molten glass according to patterns.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"glass blower, molder, bender, or finisher",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919504 1_1_a14zylw2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'macromastia'?","A. Communities characterized as belong to any of various gender and/or sexual minority groups. B. Breast hypertrophy in which excessive tissue weighs less than 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lbs.). C. Breast hypertrophy in which excessive tissue weighs greater than than 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lbs.). D. A rare medical condition of the breast connective tissues in which the breasts become excessively large.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,macromastia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004892 1_1_3xi20k9r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'post-traumatic stress disorder'?","A. feelings of severe despondency and dejection, a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome B. feelings of stress or fear that the patient cannot understand C. A category of psychiatric disorders which are characterized by anxious feelings or fear often accompanied by physical symptoms associated with anxiety. D. A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,post-traumatic stress disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000486 1_1_o1hsc9iv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified counseling'?","A. help with diet means the person is not eating healthy. B. a medical diagnosis of other specified counseling C. A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart D. the provision of assistance and guidance in resolving personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties, especially by a professional.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified counseling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000384 1_1_wne9sqwc,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production'?","A. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell wall organization or biogenesis. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to oxidopamine. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060354 1_1_vqz4crjm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cilium assembly'?","A. A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cilium. B. The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole. C. Formation of a prolongation or process extending and that is bounded by plasma membrane, e.g. a cilium, lamellipodium, or axon. D. The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cilium assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060271 1_1_wora4kg8,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subjective award criterion'?","A. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. B. Class describing criterioa that depend on a value judgement. C. Class used to describe criteria that depend on a subjetive opinion. D. Class defining the actual economic conditions of the contract (e.g. budget or the formula that describes the revision of its price).",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Subjective award criterion,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#SubjectiveAwardCriterion 1_1_frl1fwqy,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest'?","A. An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. B. Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. C. Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. D. In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010359 1_1_pwsx72zz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bract trichome'?","A. A phyllome trichome that is part of a sepal epidermis. B. A phyllome trichome that is part of a tepal epidermis. C. A phyllome trichome that is part of a leaf epidermis. D. A phyllome trichome that is part of a bract epidermis.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bract trichome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025098 1_1_39qr7a05,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Glume color'?","A. Area of the flag leaf lamina. B. Color of straw. C. Density or compactness of a wheat spike. D. Color observation on the outer glume at maturity.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Glume color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000031 1_1_wsdc82nn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing'?","A. Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the mitochondrial genome into mature mRNAs. B. The process in which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group, in the mitochondrion. C. Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule. D. Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000964 1_1_4jvr6utp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 7'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella resulting in infertility and asthenoteratozoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ARMC2 gene on chromosome 6q21. B. A spermatogenic failure characterized by asthenoteratozoospermia with multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the SSX1 gene on chromosome Xp11.23. C. A spermatogenic failure characterized by oligoasthenoteratozoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CCDC34 gene on chromosome 11p14.1. D. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of impaired or absent sperm motility and increased incidence of morphologically abnormal sperm that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CATSPER1 gene on chromosome 11q13.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070173 1_1_p9cgovze,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypokalemia (unbillable)'?","A. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. B. The prescense of diabetic ketoacidosis (body produces high levels of ketones and not enough insulin) in type 1 diabetic patients, resulting in a coma C. A common form of hyperthyroidism affecting the entire thyroid gland and causing the gland to become enlarged D. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of vitamin d in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin d in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin d from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin d to its bioactive metabolites.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hypokalemia (unbillable),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000472 1_1_04jbontx,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Series'?","A. A comic publication containing one or more volumes and issues. B. A comics publication. C. An issue of a comic publication. D. A single issue or group of issues published in a comic series.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Series,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Series 1_1_91gnyebe,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Mumps virus infectious disease'?","A. An adrenal gland disease that is characterized by failure of the adrenal gland due to bleeding into the gland. B. A viral infectious disease that results_in infection in humans, has_material_basis_in Mumps virus, which is transmitted_by contact with the oronasal secretions of an infected person. C. A renal cell carcinoma that has_material_basis_in chromophobe cell that appear pale when viewed under microscope, but that are larger and display different features than clear cells. D. A T cell, B cell, and NK cell deficiency characterized by variably decreased numbers of T cells, lesser deficiencies of B and NK cells, decreased phosphorylation of the extracellular-signal-regulated serine kinase ERK in T and B cells, and onset in early childhood of recurrent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RASGRP1 gene on chromosome 15q14.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete Mumps virus infectious disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10304 1_1_yhtyhoki,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'SAGA complex'?","A. A chromatin remodeling complex that regulates transcription via acetylation primarily of nucleosomal histones H3 and possibly H4. Shares the histone acetylation (HAT) module of GCN5/PCAF-ADA2-ADA3-SGF29 (or orthologs) with the related SAGA complex (GO:0000124). Contains HAT subunits GCN5 or PCAF in a mutually exclusive manner. In addition to the HAT module contains DR1/NC2B, KAT14, MBIP, WDR5, YEATS2 and ZZZ3 or orthologs. Also regulates the activity of non-histone targets and orchestrates mitotic progression by regulating Cyclin A degradation through acetylation. B. A protein complex responsible for the catalysis of the reaction: 4-N-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-protein + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + peptide L-aspartate. This reaction is the hydrolysis of an N4-(acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)asparagine residue in which the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue may be further glycosylated, to yield a (substituted) N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine and the peptide containing an aspartic residue. C. A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity. D. A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that deubiquitinates H2A and/or H2B. This complex is organized into several functional submodules: a structural core including the activator binding module and consisting of ADA1 or a homolog, members of the SPT and TAF protein families as well as promotor recruitment factor TRRAP/TRA1, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) module consisting of GCN5/KAT2A or PCAF/KAT2B, ADA2, ADA3/NGG1, and SGF29 or homologues thereof, a histone deubiquitinase (DUB) module consisting of ATXN7/SGF73, ATXN7L3/SGF11, ENY2/SUS1 and USP22/UBP8 or homologues thereof, and in some taxa a splicing module consisting of SF3B3 and SF3B5 or homologues thereof (not in fungi). In budding yeast also contains Spt8 which distinguishes it from SAGA-like (SLIK) complex (GO:0046695).",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,SAGA complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000124 1_1_20wng6mr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sand haze'?","A. Hematite, also spelled as hæmatite, is the mineral form of Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. Hematite crystallizes in the rhombohedral system, and it has the same crystal structure as ilmenite and as corundum. Hematite is a mineral, colored black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish brown, or red. It is mined as the main ore of iron [Wikipedia] B. Particles suspended, reducing visibility by scattering light; often a mixture of aerosols and photochemical smog. C. Reduced visibility in the atmospheric boundary layer caused by suspended particles of soil, mixed into the air during strong winds. D. A haze created by the presence of finely divided particles of sea salt in the air, usually derived from the evaporation of sea spray.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sand haze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/SandHaze 1_1_kt5oy2d2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903121 1_1_0yuwxbei,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-arginyl)-sn-glycerol(1+)'?","A. A doubly-charged ammonium ion arising from protonation of the primary and secondary amino groups of N(1)-acetylspermidine; major species at pH 7.3. B. An organic cation obtained by protonation of the amino groups and deprotonation of the phosphate group of any 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-arginyl)-sn-glycerol. C. An organic cation that is 3,4-dihydroxyphenoxazin-5-ium carrying additional carbamoyl and diethylamino groups at positions 1 and 7 respectively. The chloride salt is the histological dye 'Celestin blue B'. D. An organic cation that is adenosine alkylated at position N1 by a tuberculosinyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-(3'-O-L-arginyl)-sn-glycerol(1+)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_231933 1_1_t4ddkah4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration'?","A. The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate. B. The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development. C. The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on fibronectin in the extracellular matrix. D. The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development, dependent on extracellular matrix components including fibronectin, collagen and laminin.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,extracellular matrix-dependent thymocyte migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072680 1_1_3pjztyrv,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mixed capital company contract'?","A. Class describing the contract concerts with natural or legal person performing similar services at the public service in question. B. Class describing contracts whose operation results are shared among the contracting authority and the tenderer. C. Class describing the contracts where the contracting authority participates concurrently with the natural or legal person. D. Class of the contracts in which the awarded tenderer manage the public service themselves.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Mixed capital company contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#MixedCapitalCompanyContract 1_1_q7kq143q,"In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'System'?","A. Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. B. Any information that is reported from a Procedure. C. System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implements Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. D. A quality of an entity. An aspect of an entity that is intrinsic to and cannot exist without the entity.",C,1_1,earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology,System,http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/System 1_1_qy2bbwrq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'BPMAP'?","A. CEL binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where values are stored in little-endian format. The CEL format stores the results of the intensity calculations on the pixel values of the DAT file. This includes an intensity value, standard deviation of the intensity, the number of pixels used to calculate the intensity value, a flag to indicate an outlier as calculated by the algorithm and a user defined flag indicating the feature should be excluded from future analysis. The file stores the previously stated data for each feature on the probe array. B. BPMAP is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The BPMAP format contains information relating to the design of the Affymetrix tiling arrays. C. CHP binary format is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix, stored in little-endian format and used to store expression, resequencing and genotyping results from algorithms implemented in the GCOS 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 and BRLMM Analysis Tool software applications. D. BAR is a binary data format specification created by Affymetrix where the data is stored in big-endian format. The format of the file is a header section followed by sequences sections (one section per sequence defined). The BAR file contains one and two sample analysis results (signal and p-values) from the tiling array software.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,BPMAP,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100035 1_1_qxqi4y32,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine'?","A. 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as (1Z)-hexadecenyl and oleoyl respectively. B. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl and the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as (1Z)-octadecenyl and (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoyl respectively. C. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine that is the 1-O-(hexadec-1-enyl)-2-O-octadeca-9,12-dienoyl derivative of sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine. D. A 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the alkyl chain at position 1 and the acyl group at position 2 contain a total of 36 carbons and 5 additional double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(8Z,11Z,14Z-icosatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90484 1_1_qnrz6ate,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sugarcane vinasse'?","A. Please use terms in the marine coral reef branch of the Biome hierarchy (2010-03-15, PLB) to describe marine coral reefs. B. Vinasse which is produced during the rectification and distillation of ethanol from sugar cane. C. Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. D. A manufactured product which is formed as a liquid byproduct generated during the rectification and distillation of ethanol.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sugarcane vinasse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600019 1_1_lc4ae0q3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'drag child'?","A. A child (or, more broadly a person) whose parents have died, are unknown, or have permanently abandoned them. In common usage, only a child who has lost both parents due to death is called an orphan. B. A less experienced drag performer who is adopted by and is mentored and guided by a more experience drag performer, their drag parent (more often referred to as their drag mother or drag father). C. A child whose parents are in a heterosexual relationship or who are of different sexes and married to one another. D. Individual who becomes a child of a family by means of legal action.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,drag child,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008307 1_1_cew6pork,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of lithium in water ice'?","A. The concentration of lithium when measured in water ice. B. The concentration of tin when measured in lake water. C. The concentration of a gravel when measured in soil. D. A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions).",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of lithium in water ice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200028 1_1_xayyc5un,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'hilum groove'?","A. A canal that is a longitudinal groove in the testa through a prominent hilum of a seed . B. A canal of schizogenous origin, lined with secretory resin cells and containing plant resin . C. A canal that is part of a petiole. D. A plant anatomical space that is either a groove on the surface, or a tube in the interior of a plant structure .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,hilum groove,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004719 1_1_wb5ekmjp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 1 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications'?","A. poorly controlled diabetes can lead to problems within the kidneys B. Conditions with excess lipids in the blood. C. A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of B group vitamins (folic acid, B-12) in the diet D. Type 1 diabetes (body cannot break down sugars very easily) with unspecified complications",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 1 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000473 1_1_5cvgz7ir,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Patchy demyelination of subcortical white matter'?","A. A diffuse loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system. B. A loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system. C. Patchy loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system. D. A severe loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Patchy demyelination of subcortical white matter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002545 1_1_d5mr71n5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spore capsule valve'?","A. A valve that is a part of a spore capsule that splits apart when the spore capsule dehisces. B. OBSOLETE. A portion of primary cambium that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue. C. A cardinal organ part that is a part of a plant structure that splits apart when the structure dehisces. D. A valve that is a part of a fruit that splits apart when the fruit dehisces.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spore capsule valve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025229 1_1_a672ojtv,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GenBank format'?","A. Genbank entry format. B. A data format specification is the information content borne by the document published defining the specification. Example: The ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document; The instructions in a XSD file C. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a standard set of rules for encoding documents in a machine-readable form defined by the W3C. D. A spreadsheet data format is one in which data is organised into a matrix (or matrices) of columns and rows to form cells in which values are entered.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GenBank format,http://edamontology.org/format_1936 1_1_ehpayjax,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Distribution of secondary tuber skin color'?","A. The predominant color of the sprout B. The color distribution of secondary tuber skin C. The number of the primary lateral leaflet D. Type of plant",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Distribution of secondary tuber skin color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000087 1_1_2nvvgfza,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'peat'?","A. In oceanography, terrigenous sediments are those derived from the erosion of rocks on land; that is, that are derived from terrestrial environments. Consisting of sand, mud, and silt carried to sea by rivers, their composition is usually related to their source rocks; deposition of these sediments is largely limited to the continental shelf. B. A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock. C. After U.S.weather observing practice, the ceiling classification applied to a ceiling height that is determined in any of the following ways: 1) by means of a convective-cloud height diagram or dewpoint formula; 2) from the known heights of unobscured portions of natural landmarks, or objects more than one and one-half nautical miles from any runway of the airport; 3) on the basis of observational experience, provided the sky is not obscured by surface-based hydrometeors or lithometeors, and other guides are lacking or considered unreliable; or 4) determined by ceilometer or ceiling light when the penetration of the light beam is in excess of normal for the particular height and type of layer, or when the elevation angle of the clinometer or ceilometer-detector scanner exceeds 84?. D. Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter. Peat forms in wetlands or peatlands.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,peat,http://sweetontology.net/matrSediment/Peat 1_1_0r7ixlpk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ortho-fused heteroarene'?","A. A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. B. An ortho-fused compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one heteroatom. C. A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. D. An azaarene that is anthracene in which the carbon atoms at positions 9 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ortho-fused heteroarene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52362 1_1_ayrpe9ty,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf sheath auricle'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is a part of a plant structure that splits apart when the structure dehisces. B. A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit. C. A cardinal organ part that is an ear-shaped outgrowth of the distal part of a leaf sheath . D. A cardinal organ part which is an elongated part of a carpel or gynoecium between the plant ovary and the stigma , and through which the pollen tube grows.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf sheath auricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020106 1_1_n8vtcscf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'vaginal disease'?","A. A disease involving the uterus. B. A disease involving the vagina. C. A disease involving the ovary or ovaries. D. A reproductive system disease that impairs the ability to reproduce and is located in the uterus, vagina, cervix, ovaries or fallopian tubes.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,vaginal disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_121 1_1_g063jw6w,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease phenotype'?","A. A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. B. A clinically abnormal phenotype. C. A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports D. A clinically abnormal phenotype that is characteristic of a single disease.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,disease phenotype,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000028 1_1_99t0xr6w,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '6,7-dichloro-L-tryptophan zwitterion'?","A. An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the alpha-amino group of 6,7-dichloro-L-tryptophan; major species at pH 7.3. B. An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion formed from ovothiol B by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. C. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. D. An L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of N-methylproline; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"6,7-dichloro-L-tryptophan zwitterion",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139336 1_1_yoj8ytfa,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'storage parenchyma'?","A. A portion of ground tissue composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulosic cell walls and nucleate, living protoplasts. B. A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a sepal. C. A portion of parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. D. A portion of parenchyma specialized for carbohydrate storage.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,storage parenchyma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025035 1_1_lrdgali9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal mucosa'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a nasopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. B. A mucosa that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a hypopharynx [Automatically generated definition]. D. The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,pharyngeal mucosa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000355 1_1_vmzljm33,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hyperuricemia without signs of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease'?","A. body does not have enough nutrition to sustain itself B. An aggressive (fast-growing) type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow; no remission C. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease D. genetic anomaly that causes high cholesterol levels",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hyperuricemia without signs of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000556 1_1_vwlmbyb6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a compound consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on the sugar. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009195 1_1_1unuvqgs,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ophthalmic complication'?","A. genetic anomaly that causes high cholesterol levels B. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. C. The prescense of diabetic ketoacidosis (body produces high levels of ketones and not enough insulin) in type 1 diabetic patients D. Other eye diseases caused by type 2 diabetes",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with other diabetic ophthalmic complication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000477 1_1_fqycz714,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'caudal artery'?","A. An artery that branches from the descending thoracic aorta and supplies the dorsal portion of the pericardium. B. A vein that supplies blood to the thymus. C. An elaborate set of vessels that branche off caudally from the anterior mesenteric artery just after the dorsal aorta. The SBA vascular loops are located on the ventral side of the swim bladder. Isogai et al. 2001. D. Extension of the dorsal aorta in the tail.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,caudal artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003086 1_1_n06gdjz1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 21'?","A. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by delayed psychomotor development, spasticity, and nystagmus starting in the first year of life that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the RARS gene on chromosome 5q34. B. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by onset of transient neurologic abnormalities in early infancy with resolution within the first or second decades that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TMEM63A gene on chromosome 1q42. C. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by impaired myelin formation, nystagmus, spastic quadriplegia, ataxia, and developmental delay that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PLP1 gene on chromosome Xq22. D. A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy characterized by global developmental delay apparent from infancy with loss of motor, speech, and cognitive milestones in the first decades of life that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the POLR3K gene on chromosome 16p13.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 21,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070407 1_1_daj53b0w,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethyl-dTTP'?","A. A nuceloside analogue in which the nucleobase is favipiravir. It is a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor which exhibits anti-influenza and anti-coronaviral activities. B. An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of thymidine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol. C. An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of cytidine 5'-triphosphate and ethanol. D. An organic triphosphate formed by condensation between the gamma-phospho group of uridine 5'-triphosphate and isopentenyl alcohol.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ethyl-dTTP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62900 1_1_27388iuu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'water or wastewater treatment plant or system operator'?","A. Lubricate machinery, change parts, or perform other routine machinery maintenance. B. Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist. Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization, preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. C. Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater. D. Instruct or coach groups or individuals in exercise activities for the primary purpose of personal fitness. Demonstrate techniques and form, observe participants, and explain to them corrective measures necessary to improve their skills. Develop and implement individualized approaches to exercise.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,water or wastewater treatment plant or system operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51803100 1_1_kne6ls8a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency'?","A. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PNP gene and characterized mainly by decreased T-cell function. B. A T cell deficiency that is characterized by CD4 lymphopenia, severe chronic viral infections, and defective T-lymphocyte activation in males and has_material_basis_in X-linked inheritance of mutations in the gene encoding magnesium transporter-1 (MAGT1). C. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency characterized by defective T-cell function with decreased Treg cells and deficient CD3/CD28 costimulation responses in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, variable impairment in B-cell function, early-onset skin lesions, recurrent respiratory infections or allergies, and chronic persistent infections that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CARMIL2 gene on chromosome 16q22.1. D. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency characterized by B- and T-cell abnormalities and onset of recurrent sinopulmonary and other infections in early childhood that has_material_basis_in heterozygous activating mutation in the PIK3CD gene on chromosome 1p36.22.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5813 1_1_6axusjio,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spikelet pair meristem'?","A. An inflorescence apical meristem that gives rise to the two or more florets of a grass inflorescence. B. Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize tassel spikelets. C. An ear inflorescence axillary meristem that produces two ear spikelet meristems , each of which produces two flower meristems in an ear inflorescence . D. The meristem that produces two spikelet meristems, each of which produces two floral meristems.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spikelet pair meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006328 1_1_o2hljbto,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'monsoon gyre'?","A. _:752 B. A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. The term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock during magma emplacement and eruption [Wikipedia] C. Climate for periods prior to the development of measuring instruments, including historic and geologic time, for which only proxy climate records are available. D. A convection of the summer monsoon circulation of the western North Pacific characterized by 1) a very large nearly circular low-level cyclonic vortex (not the result of the expanding wind field of a preexisting monsoon depression or tropical cyclone) that has an outermost closed isobar with a diameter on the order of 1200 n mi (2500 km); 2) a cloud band bordering the southern through eastern periphery of the vortex/surface low; and 3) a relatively long (two week) life span. Initially, a subsequent regime exists in its core and western and northwestern quadrants with light winds and scattered low cumulus clouds; later, the area within the outer closed isobar may fill with deep convective cloud and become a isobar or tropical cyclone. Note: a series of midget tropical cyclones may emerge from the ?head? or leading edge of the peripheral tropical cyclone of a monsoon gyre.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,monsoon gyre,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/MonsoonGyre 1_1_7ahqwl62,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Greater trochanter'?","A. Subdivision of cardiovascular system which has as its parts the right side of heart, the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. B. Zone of proximal epiphysis of femur, each instance of which is some broad, rounded process, flattened medially, at the lateral part of the proximal epiphysis of some femur, to which several muscles are attached. C. Zone of proximal epiphysis of femur, each instance of which is a short conical process projecting posteromedially from the lower part of the posterior border of the base of the neck of some femur. D. Intrarenal vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some interlobular vein that is formed by the union of some interlobular vein and straight venule of some kidney (venula recta).",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Greater trochanter,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32852 1_1_i1uszoxw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3beta-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oyl-CoA'?","A. A steroidal acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oic acid. B. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any steroidal carboxylic acid. C. A steroidal acyl-CoA formed by thioester formation between coenzyme A and any cholic acid. D. A steroidal acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3beta-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3beta-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86305 1_1_3292y4sx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ablation'?","A. The middle portion of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer characterized by weak sporadic turbulence and initially uniformly mixed potential temperature and pollutants remaining from the mixed layer of the previous day. B. Erosion is displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) usually by the agents of currents such as, wind, water, or ice by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms (in the case of bioerosion). C. all processes that remove material from an object, such as a glacier D. System dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. It deals with internal feedback loops and time delays that affect the behaviour of the entire system. What makes using system dynamics different from other approaches to studying complex systems is the use of feedback loops and stocks and flows. These elements help describe how even seemingly simple systems display baffling nonlinearity",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ablation,http://sweetontology.net/phenSolid/Ablation 1_1_rwya6zxo,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Data Object'?","A. Participant, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Pool, Message, and Web service, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. Gate, which is used in the definition of attributes for Gateways, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects. D. Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce.",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Data Object,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#data_object 1_1_z9trcix0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of magnesium molecular entity in soil'?","A. The concentration of europium when measured in snow. B. The concentration of cobalt when measured in lake water. C. The concentration of magnesium molecular entity when measured in soil. D. The concentration of cerium when measured in snow.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of magnesium molecular entity in soil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200064 1_1_rhftfdbg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dual daily user'?","A. A dual product user who particpates in use of both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes every day. B. A dual product user who reports predominanly using an e-cigarette. C. A person who engages in e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. D. A dual product user who reports predominanly smoking.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dual daily user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000373 1_1_xq5qdbto,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'person with COPD who currently smokes'?","A. A person with a clinical status that indicates the person is living with COPD. B. A person with COPD that reports being a current smoker. C. A tobacco smoker that also has a diagnosis of affective disorder. D. A person with COPD that reports current use of an e-cigarette.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,person with COPD who currently smokes,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000843 1_1_zccty61b,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'luminous flux'?","A. An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. B. An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. C. A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer. D. A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,luminous flux,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001296 1_1_2bwzh0ld,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'skin of external ear'?","A. A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO]. B. A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. C. The olfactory organ of vertebrates, consisting of nares, olfactory epithelia and the structures and skeletal framework of the nasal cavity. D. A zone of skin that is part of a external ear [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,skin of external ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001459 1_1_dyez087x,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cd content'?","A. Pb content B. Cd content C. B content D. As content",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Cd content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_360:0000128 1_1_eaf0uyj4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 13a'?","A. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical inferolateral and the apical anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical septal and the apical anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacen to the apical inferior and the apical inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical septal and the apical anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 13a,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma87215 1_1_m04rmhgj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete f-test'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete f-test,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000531 1_1_z1nnn67l,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spine stipule'?","A. A stipule that is sclerified and pointed. B. A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf. C. The stage at which the crown root emerges. D. The stage at which the axillary shoots are forming.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spine stipule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025174 1_1_xqumkf1b,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine ligament endometrioid adenocarcinoma'?","A. A uterine ligament adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue forming serous lesions. B. A uterine ligament adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells which have clear cytoplasm. C. A uterine ligament adenocarcinoma that derives_from endometrial epithelial cells of glandular origin. D. A uterine ligament cancer that is characterized as a mixture of carcinoma and sarcoma and has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue and has_material_basis_in connective tissue.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uterine ligament endometrioid adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5829 1_1_qmeog2bp,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'object aggregate'?","A. (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces B. (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part C. (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit D. (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,object aggregate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000027 1_1_lf4soiq3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'orofaciodigital syndrome XVI'?","A. An orofaciodigital syndrome that is characterized by bilateral oral clefting, polydactyly/syndactyly, cerebral malformations, cardiac defects, anorectal anomalies, and shortening of the long bones that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RAB34 gene on chromosome 17q11. B. An orofaciodigital syndrome that is characterized by postaxial polydactyly and median cleft of the upper lip and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the DDX59 gene on chromosome 1q32. C. An orofaciodigital syndrome that is characterized by oral, facial and digital abnormalities, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance. D. An orofaciodigital syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TMEM107 gene on chromosome 17p13.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,orofaciodigital syndrome XVI,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080254 1_1_6i2hajb6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GOstats'?","A. Data analysis, linear models and differential expression for microarray data. B. Test package for a pathway 'ontology' C. makePlatformDesign creates the Platform Design environments (PDenvs) required by oligo. D. A set of tools for interacting with GO and microarray data. A variety of basic manipulation tools for graphs, hypothesis testing and other simple calculations",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GOstats,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000168 1_1_hkhzs4fc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Screening method for Colar resistance'?","A. Observation of seedling mortality B. Mean number of basal primary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity C. Proportion of penetrated seeds in a sample of 40 seeds D. Maximum number of pods per peduncle on 10 representative plants",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Screening method for Colar resistance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000034 1_1_slz3tozb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Blastocyst'?","A. Developmental organism which is a diploid nucleated cell that results from the union of the sperm and an ovum. B. Developmental organism resulting from successive cleavage of zygote. C. Developmental organism during compaction of blastomeres. D. Developmental organism which has as its parts trophoblast, embryoblast and blastocystic cavity.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Blastocyst,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83041 1_1_d1f7p89l,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate transmembrane transport'?","A. The process in which sulfate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. B. The process in which 2-oxoadipate is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion. C. The process in which isopentenyl pyrophosphate is transported across a membrane into the mitochondrion. D. The process in which 2-isopropylmalate(2-) is transported across a mitochondrial membrane, into or out of the mitochondrion.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mitochondrial 2-oxoadipate transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990551 1_1_a466sklg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of tongue'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a tongue [Automatically generated definition]. B. An epithelium that is part of a midgut. C. A gustatory epithelium that is part of a tongue. D. An epithelium that is part of a lateral lingual swelling.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,epithelium of tongue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003357 1_1_5w4o4v2k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bona fide anatomical surface'?","A. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has two spatial dimensions. Examples: body surface, epigastrium, precordium, right iliac fossa. B. Anatomical surface which marks a physical discontinuity between two or more anatomical structures or is an interface between an anatomical space and one more anatomical structures. Examples: surface of head, costal surface of lung, luminal surface of epithelium, P-face of plasma membrane. C. Anatomical surface, which is the surface of the plasma membrane. D. Anatomical surface, which is the subdivision of the surface of an organ. Examples: diaphragmatic surface of lung, sternocostal surface of heart, anterior surface of stomach.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Bona fide anatomical surface,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242980 1_1_lvjc72hb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell extravasation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil extravasation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of eosinophil extravasation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000421 1_1_7zjjl865,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor'?","A. A glial precursor cell that generates oligodendrocytes and type-1 and type-2 astrocytes. It has been shown in some mammals that this cell type may express A2B5, nestin, FGFR-1, FGFR-2, FGFR-3, PLP, and DM-20 antigens. Unlike oligodendrocyte precursor cell, it does not initially express PDGFR-alpha and can differentiate into both type-1 and type-2 astrocytes. B. A non-neuronal cell that surrounds the neuronal cell bodies of the ganglia. C. An oligodendrocyte precursor cell that is committed to differentiate. D. A progenitor cell of the central nervous system that can differentiate into oligodendrocytes or type-2 astrocytes. This cell originates from multiple structures within the developing brain including the medial ganglion eminence and the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells migrate throughout the central nervous system and persist into adulthood where they play an important role in remyelination of injured neurons.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023059 1_1_1o5kf44x,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Recurrent interdigital mycosis'?","A. Increased susceptibility to cutaneous fungal infections, as manifested by recurrent episodes of cutaneous fungal infections. B. A history of repeated fungal infections located on the sole of the foot, usually manifested by scaling, maceration, and itching. C. An increased susceptibility to candida infections, as manifested by a history of recurrent episodes of candida infections. D. A history of repeated fungal infections located between the fingers or toes, usually manifested by scaling, maceration, and itching. The toes are more commonly affected than the fingers.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Recurrent interdigital mycosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025351 1_1_hu91z4o4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'poverty'?","A. A personal attribute in which the symptoms of a person suffering from a disorder have reverted from a desired level to an undesired level. B. A personal attribute of not having enough material possessions or income to meet basic human needs. C. A personal attribute that is the person's current or past state of physical or mental wellness. D. A personal attribute that inheres in a person by virtue of their bodily makeup.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,poverty,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000393 1_1_brv0mkfu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'extraversion'?","A. A personality trait is an individual disposition or predisposition that forms part of an overall personality and is realized in repeated occurrences of a specific mental process type or behavioural profile. B. A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as careful, self-disciplined, dependable, vigilant, dutiful, and goal-oriented. C. A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as angry, anxious, depressed, unstable, and vulnerable. D. A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as positive, assertive, social, and outgoing.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,extraversion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000063 1_1_suo67rt1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerosol formation process'?","A. A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. B. Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. C. A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. D. A chemical decomposition (the separation of a single chemical compound into its two or more elemental parts or to simpler compounds) caused by heat.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,aerosol formation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001654 1_1_8a2aqiuf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Resistance to Phytophthora cactorum CR 1-8 method'?","A. Observe the plant weekly and record if it is flowering. B. Observe the truss location relative to the foliage canopy and record it. C. Observe and rate the resistance of the plant to crown rot caused by Phytophthora cactorum. D. Observe and rate the resistance of the plant to fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Resistance to Phytophthora cactorum CR 1-8 method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_372:0000248 1_1_q8ph56oj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit nucellus'?","A. A megasporangium in a seed plant, composed of fleshy subepidermal tissue that is part of a plant ovule and surrounds a megasporocyte . B. The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. A leaf meristematic apical cell that is part of a leaf apex of a non-vascular leaf. D. A nucellus that is part of a fruit.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fruit nucellus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008005 1_1_xbr8oxkj,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Balloon'?","A. A word balloon in a comics sequence containing dialogue, thought, or sound. B. The space between panels in a comics sequence. C. A caption containing narration in a comics sequence. D. A sequence of juxtaposed panels, text, and other pictorial elements.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Balloon,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Balloon 1_1_oyrfdzts,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'a'?","A. The A climate classification, also known as the Tropical climate classification, is characterized as being consistently warm with all months averaging above 18 degrees C and having annual precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration (POTET). B. Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. C. The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C. D. (Also called maritime climate, oceanic climate.) A regional climate under the predominant influence of the sea, characterized by relatively small seasonal variations and high atmospheric moisture content; the antithesis of a continental climate.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,a,http://sweetontology.net/realmClimateZone/A 1_1_xbnpa5he,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transcurrent'?","A. The net slip of the fault (slip vector) is parallel to the strike of the fault. B. A strike slip fault in which the faut plane is more or less vertical. C. A large scale strike-slip fault in which the fault surface is steeply inclined. D. A variety of strike-slip fault along which the displacement suddenly stops or changes form; typically associated with mid-ocean ridges.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transcurrent,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/Transcurrent 1_1_3codspny,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'White matter of neuraxis'?","A. Cell part cluster consisting predominantly of somas of neurons in the brain and the spinal cord. B. Cell part cluster consisting predominantly of neurites in the brain and the spinal cord. C. white matter of neuraxis, each instance of which is some cluster of long myelinated nerve fibers arranged in parallel longitudinal bundles. D. Cell part cluster of neuraxis which consists of individual nerve fibers and the perineural sheath around each fiber.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,White matter of neuraxis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83929 1_1_j4dfabzw,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Realistic'?","A. Ad Hoc semantic class ideated to distinguish the different approaches a game retains when compared to everyday life B. Game offers typical horror or innatural elements C. Narrative creativity does not find space within the videogame, as it tries to be a realistic reconstruction without fictional elements D. Game inspired by real events or verisimilar, with gimmicks such as historical points of divergence (e.g. the Fallout franchise occours in a reality where transistors weren't invented) or liminal contexts (such as a burglar breaking into an house)",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Realistic,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Realistic 1_1_m5y3d9f5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'morpheme'?","A. A morpheme (the elementary unit of morphosyntax) that can appear only as part of a larger expression. B. A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings. C. A morpheme is the smallest semantically meaningful unit in a language. D. A generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication. Within theoretical linguistics, discourse is understood more narrowly as linguistic information exchange and was one of the major motivations for the framework of dynamic semantics, in which expressions' denotations are equated with their ability to update a discourse context.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,morpheme,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_001040 1_1_fqwiovnf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bladder outlet obstruction'?","A. Painful or difficult urination. B. A compression or resistance upon the bladder outflow channel at any location from the bladder neck to urethral meatus, which usually causes lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). C. Difficulty in beginning the process of urination. D. Abnormal function of a sphincter of the urinary bladder.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bladder outlet obstruction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041047 1_1_ddh5sbo0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stapes'?","A. Auditory ossicle, each instance of which is the outermost ossicle that is attached to the tympanic membrane. B. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which drains the anterior segment of the superior lobe of some lung. C. Region of mid zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the mid anterior zone, mid inferior zone, basal septal zone and apical septal zone of myocardium of right ventricle. D. Auditory ossicle, each instance of which is some ossicle, shaped like a stirrup, articulates by its head with some incus and its base is inserted into some oval window (fenestra vestibuli).",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Stapes,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma52751 1_1_kda2sant,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transform boundary'?","A. In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other and new crust is being formed. [Wikipedia] B. The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. it is often a broad zone where the plate interactions are not well understood. [Wikipedia] C. A transform plate boundary is where two lithospheric plates slide past each other and where crust is neither produced or destroyed. [Wikipedia] D. Are where similar plant and animal fossils are found around different continent shores, suggesting that they were once joined. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transform boundary,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/TransformBoundary 1_1_ixho6n3v,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis'?","A. A plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is most notable for the members, Cannabis and Hops. B. An annual herbaceous flowering plant Indigenous to eastern Asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. C. Any hydroxy steroid carrying a hydroxy group at position 16. D. The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang terms including pot, marijuana, hashish, bhang, and ganja. The stem is an important source of hemp fiber.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cannabis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_3482 1_1_vorr9fvl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethanols'?","A. Any primary alcohol based on an ethanol skeleton. B. A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it. C. The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. D. A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,ethanols,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23982 1_1_fjpb0gz8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bullet-shaped middle phalanx of the 5th toe'?","A. An abnormal morphology of the middle phalanx of the fifth toe, with a short and wide phalanx that tapers distally. Bullet-shaped phalanges lack the normal diaphyseal constriction. B. An abnormal morphology of the distal phalanx of the fifth toe, with a short and wide phalanx that tapers distally. Bullet-shaped phalanges lack the normal diaphyseal constriction. C. An abnormal morphology of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe, with a short and wide phalanx that tapers distally. Bullet-shaped phalanges lack the normal diaphyseal constriction. D. An abnormal morphology of one or more phalanges of the fifth toe, with a short and wide phalanx that tapers distally. Bullet-shaped phalanges lack the normal diaphyseal constriction.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bullet-shaped middle phalanx of the 5th toe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100436 1_1_ovnxvwov,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary sporogenous cell'?","A. A native plant cell that produces one or more gametes and participates in the gametophyte development stage . B. A native plant cell that is part of an antheridium jacket layer . C. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of phloem tissue , has sieve areas in its walls, and lacks a nucleus in its mature protoplast. D. A native plant cell is formed by the division of the male archesporial initial. After several mitotic divisions these cells differentiate into pollen mother cells.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,primary sporogenous cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006088 1_1_6ndk2640,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'agency'?","A. A capability is a realizable entity whose basis lies in one or more parts or qualities and reflects possibility of an entity to behave in a specified way under certain conditions or in response to a certain stimulus (trigger). B. The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. C. Dysfunction is a capability to act in a manner that is abnormal or opposite to the object's typical function. D. A disposition is the tendency of a capability to be exhibited under certain conditions or in response to a certain stimulus (trigger).",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,agency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010894 1_1_l1i4y51a,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'closing eyes'?","A. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are closed. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyebrows are raised. C. Characteristic facial expressions that are made when a person is undergoing a so-called ""basic"" emotions. These are canonical, that is, individual facial expressions when undergoing emotions can vary or not change at all. However, research indicates evidence for the existence of characteristic canonical facial expressions that are displayed when experiencing certain emotions even across cultures. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the lips are tightly pressed together.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,closing eyes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000131 1_1_bn0y84a0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'educational instruction or library worker, all other'?","A. A planned process that is carried out by a conscious being or an organization, and is self-generated, directed towards another conscious being or an aggregate of conscious beings, an organization or an aggregate of organizations, and that is in need of being perceived. B. Design, develop, or evaluate energy-related projects or programs to reduce energy costs or improve energy efficiency during the designing, building, or remodeling stages of construction. May specialize in electrical systems; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems; green buildings; lighting; air quality; or energy procurement. C. All educational instruction and library workers not listed separately. D. Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"educational instruction or library worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25909900 1_1_doo5gxcl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'natural gas'?","A. Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. B. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. C. Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. D. A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,natural gas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000552 1_1_s757lbwx,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'deep voice privilege'?","A. The social privilege gained by those with a deep voice. B. The social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, usually are the wealthiest members of society, and wield the greatest political power. C. Archaeology which employs a feminist perspective in interpreting past societies. It often focuses on gender, but also considers gender in tandem with other factors, such as sexuality, race, or class. Feminist archaeology has critiqued the uncritical application of modern, Eurocentric norms and values to past societies. It is additionally concerned with increasing the representation of women in the discipline of archaeology, and reducing androcentric bias within the field. D. Privilege based on one's quality, tone, or other aspects of voice.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,deep voice privilege,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002982 1_1_trlnafoh,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'prophylactic treatment'?","A. A tissue disorder that has resulted from a dysregulation of cell proliferation leading to a net increase in mass B. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. C. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to prevent the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. D. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,prophylactic treatment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000111 1_1_ojxkfu9n,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypoxemia'?","A. A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system B. A condition in which there is not enough oxygen in the blood. C. Pneumonitis (noo-moe-NIE-tis) is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue D. conditions of the lng caused by outside agents",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hypoxemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000533 1_1_hdg8o8x7,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermidine transport'?","A. The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The directed movement of a doxorubicin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,spermidine transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015848 1_1_ajqi4ghd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proximal zone of arm'?","A. Segment of arm in the elbow region. B. Segment of arm in the shoulder region. C. Cartilage (tissue) which consists of chondrocytes and collagen, the intercellular matrix of which is an amorphous gel with a perichondrium. D. Segment of arm between shoulder and the elbow.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Proximal zone of arm,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma300205 1_1_rifvd45g,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'caffeine consumption'?","A. A manner of living that reflects the person's values and attitudes. B. A behavior of consuming caffeine-containing products such as coffee, tea, cacao, energy drinks C. ""Behavior related to the intake of nicotine."" [NBOC:GVG] D. Consumption of liquids containing ethanol, including the behaviors associated with drinking the alcohol.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,caffeine consumption,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000076 1_1_ilpfrbm3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glans clitoris'?","A. With numerous vascular spaces that may become engorged with blood. B. A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. C. The conic expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis. D. Erectile tissue at the end of the clitoris, which is continuous with the intermediate part of the vestibulovaginal bulbs[BTO]. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis) is an external portion of the clitoris[WP].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,glans clitoris,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006653 1_1_d559s9oy,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetophenazine'?","A. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. B. A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. C. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2. D. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,acetophenazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2401 1_1_fwpz9t12,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve anulus'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the right posterior cusp of aortic valve to the wall of heart. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of areolar connective tissue that is connected together by the intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve. C. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of mitral valve together. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart, each instance of which attaches the posterior cusp of some aortic valve to the anterior leaflet of some mitral valve.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Sulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve anulus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83523 1_1_56mmd9w8,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lane'?","A. Icons within the diamond shape will indicate the type of flow control behavior. The types of control include: 1. exclusive -- exclusive decision and merging. Both Data-Based and Event-Based. Data-Based can be shown with or without the ""X"" marker. 2. esclusive -- inclusive decision and merging 3. complex -- complex conditions and situations (e.g., 3 out of 5) 4. parallel -- forking and joining Each type of control affects both the incoming and outgoing Flow. B. These are the elements that define the basic look-and-feel of BPMN. Most business processes will be modeled adequately with these elements C. Web Service, which is used in the definition of attributes for Message Start Event, Message Intermediate Event, Message End Event, Receive Task, Send Task, Service Task, and User Task, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. A Lane is a sub-partition within a Pool and will extend the entire length of the Pool, either vertically or horizontally. Lanes are used to organize and categorize activities.",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Lane,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#lane 1_1_e4edh0du,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'criminal homicide'?","A. The unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. B. Homicide which constitutes a crime under a particular legal system. C. Killing a person willfully and illegally, with intent to cause death or serious injury. Intentional homicide does not necessarily have to be premeditated and it excludes attempted homicide, justifiable self-defense, and assisted suicide, among other things. D. A common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The definition of manslaughter differs among legal jurisdictions.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,criminal homicide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005679 1_1_2vt9l49v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'bench'?","A. A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. B. A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. C. A chair is a piece of furniture with a raised surface commonly used to seat a single person. D. A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,bench,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000589 1_1_f7smq67w,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(11R)-11-hydroxylauric acid'?","A. An 11-hydroxylauric acid that has R configuration. B. A medium-chain fatty acid that is lauric acid substituted at position 11 by a hydroxy group. C. A medium-chain primary fatty alcohol that is dodecane carrying hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. D. A tetracarboxylic acid consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid having a 4-bromoacetamidobenzyl group at the C1-position and (S)-configuration.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(11R)-11-hydroxylauric acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78978 1_1_6b66qkfm,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'in-app purchase event'?","A. GameEvent describes an event that takes place in a game without straight player interaction. GameEvents are often very specific for each game. Examples of GameEvent could be an enemy dying, connecting to a multiplayer server, loading a new level or playing an animation. B. InstantaneousEvent class describes an event that happens during the gameplay at a certain moment in time. This can be a player gaining an achievement, killing an enemy or making an in-app purchase. C. InAppPurchaseEvent describes an event that is related to making a purchase with real money inside a game. This is a subclass of InstantaneousEvent because it happens at certain moment in time. An example of InAppPurchaseEvent would be unlocking secret levels with real money or purchasing better equipment with real money. D. MenuEvent describes an event that is related to interacting with the ingame menu. An example of menu event is muting sounds, changing graphic settings, changing gameplay difficulty or remapping game controls.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,in-app purchase event,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#InAppPurchaseEvent 1_1_caogk9t5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of erythrocyte enucleation'?","A. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation. D. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte enucleation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of erythrocyte enucleation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061932 1_1_6yeu2ebq,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome founder cell'?","A. A native plant cell that is dead at maturity, lacks specialized wall thickenings or lignin, and has tapered ends that are thin and partially hydrolyzed. B. A native plant cell that is part of the phyllome anlagen . C. A native plant cell that is one of the axial row of cells in an immature archegonium neck . D. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of epidermis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome founder cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025586 1_1_7xvjb31t,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast contraction. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of apical constriction involved in ventral furrow formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0110074 1_1_odtl9j1s,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Small size tubers per plant-Computation'?","A. Averaged crop vigor expressed in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover in subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 80% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. B. Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date 50% of sprouts or plants in a plot emerged C. Compute the number of days required from date of planting to the date first sprout or plant in a plot or unit area emerged D. Compute the number of small size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of small size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Small size tubers per plant-Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0010108 1_1_0syj8d01,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bradyopsia 2'?","A. A retinal disease characterized by the slower than usual adaptation of the eyes to changing light conditions. B. A braydopsia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RGS9 gene on chromosome 17q24. C. A braydopsia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the RGS9BP gene on chromosome 19q13. D. A hyper IgM syndrome that is characterized by normal or increased serum IgM concentrations associated with low or absent serum IgG, IgA, and IgE concentrations, indicating a defect in the class-switch recombination (CSR) process that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UNG gene on chromosome 12q23-q24.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,bradyopsia 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070364 1_1_i0i9m7yt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine replacement therapy'?","A. A nicotine replacement therapy that is prescribed to a person by a medical practitioner. B. A nicotine replacement therapy product that can be sold to a person without the need for a prescription. C. Treatment in which the disorder that is being treated is addiction. D. Nicotine replacement therapy are nicotine delivery products that are licensed for use as smoking cessation or harm reduction aids used by people for quitting or reducing use of tobacco containing products.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine replacement therapy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000262 1_1_6uor3xs9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'essential primary hypertension DP'?","A. A hypertensive disease that shows up with persistently elevated high blood pressure in the arteries, and has no identifiable cause. It does not include those hypertensive diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. Note that the essential hypertension affects 95% of hypertensive patients. B. This term exists in ICD-9 but not ICD-10 C. Heart conditions caused by high blood pressure D. A hypertensive disease that is caused by an identifiable underlying primary cause",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,essential primary hypertension DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000079 1_1_9kre0iiu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'age of nicotine product first use'?","A. A data item that is about the age at which a nicotine product was first used. B. A data item that is the number of important others who smoke tobacco in a person's social environment. C. A data item that is about the amount of harm caused by an individual using a product relative to using another product. D. A data item that is about the number of cigarettes smoked per unit of time.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,age of nicotine product first use,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000724 1_1_fttvo9f5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'solid planetary core'?","A. A solid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of solid material. B. A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. C. A mass of environmental material which has been formed as the result of its transport into an existing mass of another material. D. A solid surface layer which 1) forms part of the boundary between the cavity of a cave and its solid container and 2) is the closest solid boundary to the gravitational centre of the astronomical body of which the cave is a part.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,solid planetary core,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000645 1_1_zot24qwu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geodesy'?","A. Geodesy is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of a planet, including its gravity field, in a three-dimensional time varying space. Besides the gravity field, geodesists study also geodynamical phenomena such as crustal motion, tides, and polar motion. For this they design global and national Control networks, using Space and terrestrial techniques while relying on datums and coordinate systems B. A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. C. Planetary science, also known as planetology and closely related to planetary astronomy, is the science of planets, or planetary systems, and the solar system. [Wikipedia] D. Ionization is the physical process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by changing the difference between the number of protons and electrons. This process works slightly differently depending on whether an ion with a positive or a negative electric charge is being produced. A positive electric charge is produced when an electron bond to an atom or molecule absorbs enough energy from an external source to escape from the electric potential barrier that originally confined it, where the amount of energy required is called the Ionization potential. A negative electric charge is produced when a free electron collides with an atom and is subsequently caught inside the electric potential barrier, releasing any excess energy.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,geodesy,http://sweetontology.net/humanKnowledgeDomain/Geodesy 1_1_n3nktdil,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhombomere 3 formation'?","A. The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. B. The process that gives rise to rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. C. The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order. D. The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,rhombomere 3 formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021660 1_1_z4vf6qjs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sulpiride'?","A. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. B. An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. C. Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism. D. A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sulpiride,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32168 1_1_mu9ivkax,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'galactolipid catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a class of 1,2-di-O-acylglycerols joined at oxygen 3 by a glycosidic linkage to a carbohydrate part (usually a mono-, di- or tri-saccharide).",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,galactolipid catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019376 1_1_ow7lczik,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Identifier'?","A. This class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. Postal addresses, telephone numbers, URLs and e-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients. The class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class within a certain context. Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e. other instances of E41 Appellation that are regarded as equivalent, regardless of the thing it denotes. Different languages may use different appellations for the same thing, such as the names of major cities. Some appellations may be formulated using a valid noun phrase of a particular language. In these cases, the respective instances of E41 Appellation should also be declared as instances of E33 Linguistic Object. Then the language using the appellation can be declared with the property P72 has language: E56 Language. Instances of E41 Appellation may be used to identify any instance of E1 CRM Entity and sometimes are characteristic for instances of more specific subclasses of E1 CRM Entity, such as for instances of E52 Time-Span (for instance “dates”), E39 Actor, E53 Place or E28 Conceptual Object. Postal addresses and E-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients. Even numerically expressed identifiers for extents in space or time are also regarded as instances of E41 Appellation, such as Gregorian dates or spatial coordinates, even though they allow for determining some time or location by a known procedure starting from a reference point and by virtue of that fact play a double role as instances of E59 Primitive Value. E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the textual strings that within a cultural context can be clearly identified as titles due to their form. Being a subclass of E41 Appellation, E35 Title can only be used when such a string is actually used as a title of a work, such as a text, an artwork, or a piece of music. Titles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting”, or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group. This class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms. Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Human-Made Object.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E42 Identifier,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E42_Identifier 1_1_3hz18cql,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subclavian artery'?","A. Arterial tree, each instance of which carries oxygenated blood from some heart. B. Systemic artery the trunk of which is continuous with either the trunk of brachiocephalic artery on the right side, or the aorta on the left side. C. Systemic artery which supplies the heart. D. Subclavian artery the trunk of which is continuous with trunk of brachiocephalic artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subclavian artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma3951 1_1_xmxx4zk8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'university'?","A. Any of a group of Indigenous religions of Mesoamerica that were prevalent in the pre-Columbian era. Two of the most widely known examples of Mesoamerican religion are the Aztec religion and the Mayan religion. B. An organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and science. C. A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects and provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education. D. An academic organization is a lawfully recognized organization that confers diplomas, degrees and other forms of recognition of academic achievement.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,university,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004553 1_1_11eyey66,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mamma'?","A. A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of individual, detached elements that are generally dense and posses sharp nonfibrous outlines. B. A low-level, horizontal, wedge-shaped arcus cloud associated with a convective storm's gust front. C. (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification. D. A synoptic-scale cloud pattern frequently observed in satellite imagery just prior to the onset of cyclogenesis.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mamma,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/Mamma 1_1_7jlc9km4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette battery disposition'?","A. A disposition inhering in an e-cigarette battery. B. A disease is a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. C. An e-cigarette battery disposition to transfer electrical energy in a circuit containing an atomiser. D. A disposition of a substance to cause harm to an organism that is exposed to it.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette battery disposition,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001209 1_1_7kz56zzl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'body fluid fetishism'?","A. The sexual attraction to specific parts of the body. B. The sexual attraction to any of various bodily fluids. C. Sexual arousal and pleasure from feces. D. Sexual arousal from menstruation, especially from menstrual blood and other related menstrual byproducts.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,body fluid fetishism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009134 1_1_hlfx3b3h,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Body'?","A. anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its constitutional part some subdivision of the skeleton, and some subdivision of integument, such that the meronymic sum of an individual’s cardinal body parts constitutes the individual’s entire body. Examples: head, limb B. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its direct parts instances of one or more organ types which are interconnected with one another by zones of continuity. Examples: nervous system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system. C. Anatomical structure which is the aggregate material substance of an individual member of a species. D. Postnatal anatomical structure, each instance of which has as it direct parts a heterogeneous collection of some instances of two or more subclasses of anatomcial structure, which are spatially related to one another; the collections as a whole does not satisfy the definition of any other subclass of anatomical structure. Eaxmples: root of lung, back, anatomical snuffbox, motor unit, juxtaglomerular complex.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Body,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135 1_1_xq5mfudn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal history of major surgery, not elsewhere classified'?","A. The part of the ear that projects from the head, connecting to the external acoustic meatus. B. a history of medical treatment C. A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. D. this is a record of the patient",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"personal history of major surgery, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000548 1_1_mlxkhjbd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer's disease 14'?","A. A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q25. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 8p12-q22. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with mutations in the gene TREM2.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Alzheimer's disease 14,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110047 1_1_4f5xhzy6,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Match'?","A. scrolling ""beat 'em up"" where players fight enemies on a scrolling map B. A single videogame title C. Usually 2 to 4 players beat each other in matches that end after some time or at one's health depletion D. Dating and/or mating simulator",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Match,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Match 1_1_jnogdv22,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'arm blood vessel'?","A. A blood vessel that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition]. B. A vein that is tributary of the brachial vein and drains blood from the lateral structures of the forearm, carpal and metacarpal bones, joints of the hand, and lateral forearm muscles. C. A blood vessel that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition]. D. A prinicipal vein of limb that is part of a forelimb.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,arm blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003507 1_1_z7l633rs,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033088 1_1_iefkvxpb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process. B. Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptotic process.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070230 1_1_icw4wqec,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'arenesulfonate ester'?","A. An ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol with an organosulfonic acid. B. A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups. C. An organic derivative of sulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is linked directly to carbon. D. An organosulfonic ester resulting from the formal condensation of an arenesulfonic acid with the hydroxy group of an alcohol, enol, phenol or heteroarenol.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,arenesulfonate ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38094 1_1_p4qz96lu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. C. The process in which the branching structure of the seminal vesicle is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048754 1_1_ooplsdhn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tassel spikelet'?","A. A tassel spikelet which is the ultimate, sessile, higher order inflorescence axis of the maize tassel inflorescence . B. A spikelet that is part of the tassel inflorescence and bears tassel florets at maturity. C. A tassel spikelet which is the ultimate, pedicellate, higher order inflorescence axis of the maize tassel inflorescence . D. A spikelet that is part of the ear inflorescence and bears a single ear floret at maturity.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tassel spikelet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006309 1_1_b7z598rz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '7-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one'?","A. A benzothiazine that is 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one substituted by a hydroxy and a hydroxymethyl group at positions 7 and 5 respectively. It is an antibacterial agent from Ampelomyces. B. A xanthene dye that is fluorescein bearing bromine substituents at positions 2', 4', 5' and 7' (on the xanthene ring) and chlorine substituents at position 2, 3, 4, and 5 (on the phenyl ring). The disodium salt is the biological stain 'phloxine B'. C. A member of the class of benzothiazines that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one bearing additional hydroxy and 2-amino-2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively. D. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"7-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3-one",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84344 1_1_c470841h,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'host cell synapse'?","A. Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins. B. Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. A specialized area of membrane of the host axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the host neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many host synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane. D. The junction between a nerve fiber of one host neuron and another host neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,host cell synapse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044221 1_1_qoattpxi,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'ObligateCarnivore'?","A. their diet diet consists of at least 30 pct meat. practically can be considered to be omnivores... B. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended C. their diet diet consists of at least 70 pct meat D. their diet diet consists of at least 50 pct meat",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,ObligateCarnivore,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#ObligateCarnivore 1_1_bpn4137p,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'InfertTN Counting'?","A. Standard method for screening grain size distribution <1.6 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. B. Standard method for node number. C. Standard method for screening grain size distribution ranging from 2.8 ? 2.5 Screen using Seed Count (SC5000R) machine. D. Count the number of infertile tillers.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,InfertTN Counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000801 1_1_poibz1wc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD34-positive, CD38-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor'?","A. A granulocyte monocyte progenitor is CD34-positive, CD38-positive, IL-3receptor-alpha-positive and is CD45RA-negative. B. A hematopoietic progenitor cell that is committed to the granulocyte and monocyte lineages. These cells are CD123-positive, and do not express Gata1 or Gata2 but do express C/EBPa, and Pu.1. C. A granulocyte monocyte progenitor that is Kit-positive, CD34-positive, Fc-gamma receptor II/II-positive, and is Sca-1-negative, Il7ra-negative, Cxc3r1-negative, and CD90-negative. D. Polyp-like protrusions which are histologically hamartomas. These can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Hamartomatous polyps are composed of the normal cellular elements of the gastrointestinal tract, but have a markedly distorted architecture.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,"CD34-positive, CD38-positive granulocyte monocyte progenitor",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002001 1_1_3ctjad5c,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'fused tarsal bones 2 and 3'?","A. There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform the intermediate cuneiform also known as the middle the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone[WP, unvetted, human specific]. B. Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 2. C. Endochondral tarsal bone articulating with centralia and metatarsal 1. D. A tarsal bone that is formed from the fusion of the 2nd and 3rd tarsal bones.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,fused tarsal bones 2 and 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0012289 1_1_alme2t2s,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'moazagotl wind'?","A. The strong wind blowing across a mountain crest, responsible for the formation of the Moazagotl cloud. B. A nocturnal, thermally forced wind from the direction of the mountains, generated by cooling along the mountain slopes; a downvalley wind, or the nighttime downslope (katabatic) component of a mountain?plains wind system. C. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. D. A wind directed up a slope, often used to describe winds produced by processes larger in scale than the slope.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,moazagotl wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MoazagotlWind 1_1_og22i4hq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes '?","A. Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body. B. injury/other consequences caused by external sources C. fracture or break on ribs, sternum and thoracic spine D. disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes ",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000353 1_1_1obyncxy,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tubercle'?","A. A fruit development stage during which a single fruit participates in the process of fruit ripening . B. The stage at which leaves at eight nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. An enlarged leaf base that is fused with adjacent shoot axis tissue. D. A phyllome base that is part of a leaf .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tubercle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025352 1_1_7192uxvm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''betr''?","A. betr is a software package which implements the BETR (Bayesian Estimation of Temporal Regulation) algorithm to identify differentially expressed genes in microarray time-course data. B. Multivariate data analysis and graphical display of microarray data. Functions include between group analysis and coinertia analysis. It contains functions that require ADE4. C. Statistical tools for building random mutagenesis libraries for prokaryotes. The package has functions for handling the occupancy distribution for a multinomial and for estimating the number of essential genes in random transposon mutagenesis libraries. D. The rama package consists of several functions for robust estimation of two color microarray intensities with replicates",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'betr',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000481 1_1_yfenajpf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary xylem tracheary element'?","A. A tracheid PO:0000301 that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue . B. A tracheary element that is part of a xylem vessel and has as parts perforation plates. C. A tracheary element that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue . D. A tracheary element that has no perforations in its cell wall.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,secondary xylem tracheary element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025445 1_1_cottn4y3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sperm'?","A. A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. B. A handled medium-to-large bag used to carry personal items. C. Spermatozoa with very small cranial ends devoid of any nuclear material, that is, lacking a typical sperm head. D. Any male germ cell that has characteristic some haploid and is capable of some fertilization.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sperm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000019 1_1_6y4122al,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''biocViews''?","A. Uniform interfaces to machine learning code for data in Bioconductor containers B. Tools for the analysis of protein interaction data. C. Categorized views of R package repositories D. Contains functions and classes that are needed by arrayCGH packages.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'biocViews',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000488 1_1_b8iq6rv3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm of eye'?","A. cancerous tumor of the eye B. Renal cell carcinoma is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport waste molecules from the blood to the urine. C. Primary cancerous tumor of the colon D. Cancerous tumor of a respiratory organ (upper lobe, bronchus, or lung)",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malignant neoplasm of eye,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000608 1_1_dqv1plct,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'orographic cloud'?","A. A cloud forming in maritime air containing relatively low concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. These clouds are characterized by a broader droplet size distribution and low droplet concentrations (some 100 cm-3). See continental cloud. B. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail. C. Mountain clouds produced by orographic lifting of moist air to saturation. D. 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,orographic cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/OrographicCloud 1_1_xn88c7ic,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of T cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell costimulation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation. D. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of T cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042102 1_1_q72z6dgh,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mark'?","A. This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures, or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques, often in order to indicate such things as creator, owner, dedications, purpose, or to communicate information generally. Instances of E37 Mark do not represent the actual image of a mark, but the abstract ideal (or archetype) as used for codification in reference documents forming cultural documentation. This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Human-Made Feature.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images. This class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation, and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support. The E36 Visual Item class provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks, or images, etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Human-Made Thing and the depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises recognisable texts that can be attached to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class is not intended to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CIDOC CRM as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. The relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E18 Physical Thing. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E37 Mark,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E37_Mark 1_1_m0fvls8w,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'radiologist'?","A. Diagnose and treat diseases and injuries using medical imaging techniques, such as x rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, and ultrasounds. May perform minimally invasive medical procedures and tests. B. Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease, disability, or health outcomes. May develop the means for prevention and control. C. Assess individual or family risk for a variety of inherited conditions, such as genetic disorders and birth defects. Provide information to other healthcare providers or to individuals and families concerned with the risk of inherited conditions. Advise individuals and families to support informed decisionmaking and coping methods for those at risk. May help conduct research related to genetic conditions or genetic counseling. D. Apply principles of psychology to human resources, administration, management, sales, and marketing problems. Activities may include policy planning; employee testing and selection, training, and development; and organizational development and analysis. May work with management to organize the work setting to improve worker productivity.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,radiologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29122400 1_1_59lx4yg1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cincinnus inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers , with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis. B. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis and pedicellate flowers on indeterminate higher order inflorescence axes . C. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of pedicellate flowers or spikelets on determinate inflorescence axes ., D. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of pedicellate flowers on a first order inflorescence axis with compressed inflorescence axis internodes .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cincinnus inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030132 1_1_px7jzo09,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sea water fish egg food product'?","A. The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. B. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts or projections being interlocked; for example, the fingers of two hands that are clasped. C. This food product type includes food products which are made from eggs laid by the sea water fish. D. The concentration of a pesticide when measured in surface water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sea water fish egg food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001104 1_1_qdm8btv8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cell coat'?","A. Layer of plasma membrane, each instance of which is located within some synapse. B. Region of wall of right atrium which consists of the lateral wall proper, the crista terminalis and the pectinate muscle of the right atrium. C. Part of plasma membrane which consists of an outer and inner layer of lipid molecules. D. Part of plasma membrane which consists of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides attached to proteins or lipids on the outer layer of the cell; forms the outermost layer of the plasma membrane.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cell coat,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66838 1_1_9pyzpl7o,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fibular hypoplasia and complex brachydactyly'?","A. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by mesomelia and acromelia, which results_in short limb dwarfism. B. An acromesomelic dysplasia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CDMP1 gene on chromosome 20q11. C. An acromesomelic dysplasia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NPR2 gene, which encodes natriuretic peptide receptor B, on chromosome 9p13. D. An acromesomelic dysplasia that is characterized by severe reduction or absence of the fibula and complex brachydactyly.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,fibular hypoplasia and complex brachydactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050790 1_1_p5jvykor,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'parthenolide synthase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: estrogen + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16-alpha-hydroxyestrogen + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O. B. Catalysis of the reaction: leukotriene B4 + O2 + reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] = 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]. C. Catalysis of the reaction: a flavanone + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = a 2-hydroxyflavanone + H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase]. D. Catalysis of the reaction: (+)-costunolide + O2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] = H+ + H2O + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + parthenolide.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,parthenolide synthase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102626 1_1_tfluom8k,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines). B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines). D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine-containing compounds (glucosamines).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glucosamine-containing compound biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901073 1_1_ix4edgfk,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'initialism'?","A. An abbreviation consisting of initial letters pronounced separately. B. A shortened form of a word or phrase. C. An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word. D. A sense of group or collective identity based on one's perception of their own Blackness and the specific cultural, social, and political contexts in which Blackness exists.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,initialism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000135 1_1_nilz71ac,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other number or name given to accession (1)'?","A. Site where the accession is planted B. Other number or name given to accession (1) C. Pollination group (autogamous or allogamous) D. In which form is the accession maintained?",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Other number or name given to accession (1),https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000464 1_1_t5ycs9cw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''PLM''?","A. it is where we fit a model with probe level and chip level parameters on a probeset by probeset basis B. Technique which predicts a given transcription factor activity and then uses this infor- mation to predict its targets. C. ANOVA or Analysis of Variance is a hypothesis testing algorithm which a variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. D. A plan specification which describes the inputs and output of mathematical functions as well as workflow of execution for achieving an predefined objective. Algorithms are realized usually by means of implementation as computer programs for execution by automata.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'PLM',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000318 1_1_tt6fatih,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-meadoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine'?","A. A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group at position 1 is (5Z,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoyl (meadoyl) and the hydroxy group at position 2 is unsubstituted. B. A lysophosphatidylcholine 14:0 in which the acyl group specified is myristoyl. The major species at pH 7.3. C. A 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the 1-acyl group is (9Z)-hexadecenoyl (palmitoleoyl). D. A lysophosphatidylcholine 20:3 in which the acyl group is located at position 1.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-meadoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74343 1_1_0y49hpuv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ganglion formation'?","A. The process that gives rise to ganglion. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. B. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a heart valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. C. The process whose specific outcome is the formation of tooth enamel, occurring in two stages: secretory stage and maturation stage. D. The process that gives rise to a tendon. This process pertains to the initial formation of a tendon from unspecified parts.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ganglion formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061554 1_1_y4g7vd9f,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nephrogenic mesenchyme development'?","A. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesonephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of mesonephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Mesonephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros. B. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a metanephric mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Metanephric mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the metanephros. C. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nephrogenic mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of nephrogenic mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Nephrogenic mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the nephron. D. The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a kidney mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of kidney mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Kidney mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the kidney.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nephrogenic mesenchyme development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072076 1_1_tp9270mn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'supragenual nucleus of pontine tegmentum'?","A. The group of motor neurons residing in the pons that innervate the muscles of facial expression. B. A group of neurons embedded in the pontine central gray of the pontine tegmentum. Located dorsal to the internal genu of the facial nerve, it is found in the human ( Paxinos-2012 ), the macaque ( Paxinos-2009a ), the rat ( Swanson-2004 ), and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ). Functionally it is part of the dorsal pontine gray of the subcortical motor system ( Swanson-2004 ). C. A region in the dorsal pons that plays a central role in inducing motor suppression during REM sleep. D. A cranial nerve nucleus that is associated with a vagus nerve.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,supragenual nucleus of pontine tegmentum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0022424 1_1_fa0830ex,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'parking enforcement worker'?","A. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 2. B. Patrol assigned area, such as public parking lot or city streets to issue tickets to overtime parking violators and illegally parked vehicles. C. Place and detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials. May perform specialized handling, storage, and accounting procedures. D. Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,parking enforcement worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33304100 1_1_lcchkozk,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'consciousness of space'?","A. The subjective experience of being an embodied entity. B. Higher order consciousness is consciousness of one's own mental states, a self-reflexive consciousness of the experience of being conscious, of having mental processes ongoing. C. The subjective experience of the spatial surroundings one inhabits as an embodied entity. D. Consciousness of self is the higher order consciousness that reflexively includes the awareness that the organism that is the subject of the conscious experience exists.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,consciousness of space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000077 1_1_p3itiawf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice wedge'?","A. A geological fracture, found near volacnoes in the final phase of thier activity, chiefly discharging carbon dioxide and possibly other vapors. B. A microfracture is a small fracture which is found in a portion of solid material along which further fracturing tends to occur. Microfractures are considered imperfections which to pre-exist any fractures formed by the application of stress to a material. C. A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. D. An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ice wedge,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600068 1_1_01jf9tdf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bile duct proliferation'?","A. A tumor (abnormal growth of tissue) of the biliary system. B. Proliferative changes of the bile ducts. C. Hyperplasia of the biliary tree, as manifested by increased size of bile ducts, dilated lumen, and histologically by an increased number of epithelial cells or hyperplasia. D. Atresia of the biliary tree.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Bile duct proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001408 1_1_7otdt2ks,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Systemic vein'?","A. Venous tree, each instance of which is the vena comitans of some subcostal artery on the left or right side; it joins some ascending lumbar vein to form some azygos vein on the right or some hemiazygos vein on the left. B. Vein in the pulmonary vemnous system. C. Vein in the systemic venous system. D. CC chemokine that attract eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and Th2 lymphocytes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Systemic vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66644 1_1_uxusp6dc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3''-dehydroisoorientin(1-)'?","A. A phenolate anion resulting from removal of the proton from the phenolic hydroxy group of (3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)hexan-1-one that is para to the hexanoyl group. The major structure at pH 7.3. B. A phenolate anion that is the conjugate base of emodin, obtained by deprotonation of the phenolic hydroxy group at position 2; major species at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). C. A phenolate anion resulting from the removal of a proton from one of the hydroxy groups of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one (DIF-1). The major structure at pH 7.3. D. Major species at pH 7.3",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3''-dehydroisoorientin(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194218 1_1_s838dr04,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'heart'?","A. A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. B. A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. C. A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart D. The soft lower part of the external ear, projecting below the antitragus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,heart,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 1_1_eku6aqxm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'microgametophyte vegetative cell'?","A. A native plant cell at the base of a gemma or adjacent to a brachycyte that breaks down to allow abscission of the gemma or brachycyte. B. A native plant cell that is the larger cell of a microgametophyte in seed plants. It does not divide further and develops into a pollen tube cell . C. A native plant cell is formed by the division of the male archesporial initial. After several mitotic divisions these cells differentiate into pollen mother cells. D. A native plant cell that markedly differs in form, size, or contents from other cells in the same tissue.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,microgametophyte vegetative cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020099 1_1_65mvwf1y,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pedicel vascular system'?","A. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a shoot axis . B. An initial cell that is produced by longitudinal division of a sub-apical cell of a protonema. C. A shoot axis vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a pedicel . D. A phyllome margin which is part of a petal .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pedicel vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005012 1_1_l1u3zx9m,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'free instability'?","A. state of a layer of atmosphere when it has superadiabatic lapse rate of temperature B. The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. C. The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate. D. The ability of a fluid at rest to become turbulent or laminar due to the effects of buoyancy.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,free instability,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidInstability/FreeInstability 1_1_fvtqvf99,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anatomical location'?","A. Anatomical location which specifies the relationship between one or more material anatomical entities and anatomical space. B. Spatial association relation which holds between each anatomical structure of type A and some anatomical structure of type B such that each structure shares some part of its bona fide anatomical surface with that of the other. C. Anatomical location relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity in type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension in type B such that their bona fide boundaries are spatially proximate, share no parts, and are separated by no physical anatomical entity of the same dimension. D. Spatial association relationship which describes the containment, adjacency and anatomical coordinates of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical containment, anatomical adjacency, anatomical coordinate.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anatomical location,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50707 1_1_1w24bhap,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharmacy aide'?","A. Prepare, sterilize, install, or clean laboratory or healthcare equipment. May perform routine laboratory tasks and operate or inspect equipment. B. Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling. C. In a gambling establishment, conduct financial transactions for patrons. Accept patron's credit application and verify credit references to provide check-cashing authorization or to establish house credit accounts. May reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons, or to other workers for resale to patrons. May convert gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon patron's request. May use a cash register or computer to record transaction. D. Set up, operate, or tend machines that extrude and form continuous filaments from synthetic materials, such as liquid polymer, rayon, and fiberglass.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,pharmacy aide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_31909500 1_1_kh3edprw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mid ocean ridge'?","A. The eastward flux of mass, momentum, heat, moisture or any other property of a fluid by mean motion or by correlation with the eastward component of motion, that is, eddy flux. B. In nautical terminology, a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water yet shallow enough to be a hazard to ships. Many reefs result from abiotic processes—deposition of sand, wave erosion planning down rock outcrops, and other natural processes—but the best-known reefs are the coral reefs of tropical waters developed through biotic processes dominated by corals and calcareous algae C. A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean, making the mid-oceanic ridge system the longest mountain range in the world. D. The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mid ocean ridge,http://sweetontology.net/realmOceanFloor/MidOceanRidge 1_1_v20n39rt,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'oil'?","A. Coal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. It is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. [Wikipedia] B. Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills. It is an important fuel source, a major feedstock for fertilizers, and a potent greenhouse gas. [Wikipedia] C. Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fuels formed by the natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms that lived up to 300 million years ago. These fuels contain high percentage of carbon and hydrocarbons. [Wikipedia] D. An oil is a substance that is in a viscous liquid statel (‘oily’) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally). This generag definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated chemical structures, properties, and uses, including vegetable oils, resochemical oils, and volatile essential oils. Oil is a nonpolar substance. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,oil,http://sweetontology.net/matrNaturalResource/Oil 1_1_vyka7igq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete GMS'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete GMS,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000167 1_1_vfg6ccu8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycine betaine-activated nonselective monoatomic cation channel activity'?","A. Enables the transmembrane transfer of a monoatomic cation by a channel that opens when glycine betaine has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts. B. Enables the ATP-dependent diffusion of a potassium ion across the mitochondrial inner membrane. C. Enables the transmembrane transfer of a potassium ion by an inwardly-rectifying voltage-gated channel. An inwardly rectifying current-voltage relation is one where at any given driving force the inward flow of K+ ions exceeds the outward flow for the opposite driving force. The inward-rectification is due to a voltage-dependent block of the channel pore by a specific ligand or ligands, and as a result the macroscopic conductance depends on the difference between membrane voltage and the K+ equilibrium potential rather than on membrane voltage itself. D. Enables the transmembrane transfer of potassium by a channel that opens in response to stimulus by a sodium ion or ions. Transport by a channel involves facilitated diffusion of a solute (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel, without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. Sodium activated potassium channels have distinctive properties, including a large single channel conductance, subconductance states, and a block of single channel currents at positive potentials, similar to inward rectification.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glycine betaine-activated nonselective monoatomic cation channel activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090686 1_1_mmpuusbv,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerial tuber perimedullary zone'?","A. A perimedullary zone that is part of a tuber pith . B. A tuber perimedullary zone that is part of an aerial tuber pith. C. A tuber perimedullary zone that is part of a subterranean tuber pith. D. A root that develops from a tuberous root and is further radially enlarged for storage.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,aerial tuber perimedullary zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025062 1_1_f6cyw85u,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethnic minority adult'?","A. An adult person belonging to any of various ethnic minority groups. B. An adult person belonging to any of various minority groups. C. An adult person belonging to any of various gender and/or sexual minority groups. D. A middle adult person belonging to any of various minority groups.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ethnic minority adult,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001475 1_1_dv14d7vc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bony otic capsule'?","A. Dermal bone that covers the otic region and may articulate with its antimere medially, with the frontal bone anteriorly, the pterotic laterally, the supraoccipital medio-posteriorly, and the epiotic and extrascapula latero-posteriorly. The parietal is a paired bone.[TAO]. B. An otic capsule endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. Endochondral bone located posterior to the last dorsal fin pterygiophore. The dorsal fin stay is a median bone. D. The cartilage or bony capsule surrounding the inner ear mechanism.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bony otic capsule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005411 1_1_m3m9jiry,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Argument'?","A. An argument is a reason that is expressed through some medium B. Teleological counterpart of cause C. Some thing which is evaluatively qualified, i.e. an evaluation applies to the proposition, the proposition is judged. The proposition is comparable to some other proposition. D. An assertion that is inconsistent with the beliefs of the speaker. It is *intentionally* false.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Argument,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Argument 1_1_hok73vod,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sink fixture'?","A. A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. B. An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. C. A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped, part of a toilet fixture, and capable of contain human waste until it is disposed of. D. A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sink fixture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000990 1_1_a7aj4odm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ramipril'?","A. A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans. B. A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. C. A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. D. A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ramipril,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8774 1_1_tvcuh3se,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'feather muscle'?","A. Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton. B. Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. C. Any skeletal muscle organ in the hypodermis / superficial fascia. D. Similar to erector pili muscles of mammals; attached to the sides of the follicle; capable of elevating or lowering entire groups of feathers.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,feather muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011792 1_1_ixktq3sw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'palatocerebral vein'?","A. A blood vessel that drains from from an eyelid. B. Part of lateral pretrosal artery which supplies blood to the roof of the mouth. C. Main route for venous drainage of the anterior and mid cerebral veins as well as portions of the primordial hindbrain channel. Isogai et al. 2001. D. Vein that drains the median palatocerebral vein into the optic vein. Isogai et al. 2001.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,palatocerebral vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2005056 1_1_6cx225fn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organism substance'?","A. A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. B. A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. C. Anatomical entity that has mass. D. Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,organism substance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000463 1_1_xw5nje6w,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cinnamate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: salicyl alcohol + UDP-D-glucose = H+ + salicin + UDP. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 6-alkylaminopurine + UDP-D-glucose = 6-alkylamino-9-beta-D-glucosylpurine + H+ + UDP. This reaction is an N-glucosylation event. C. Catalysis of the reaction: trans-cinnamate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose + UDP. D. Catalysis of the transfer of a glucosyl group from UDP-glucose to the 7-hydroxy group of a quercetin molecule.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cinnamate beta-D-glucosyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050412 1_1_ekad94q0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'alveolar process of maxilla'?","A. The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the maxilla. B. One of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth[WP]. The alveolar ridges contain the sockets (alveoli) of the teeth[HP]. C. The thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets on the mandible. D. Posterior end of the pars palatina of the maxilla that is in contact with the anterior ramus of the pterygoid.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,alveolar process of maxilla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004527 1_1_exrity4m,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ribosome hibernation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. D. A cellular process that results in the silencing of ribosomes in quiescent cells. Quiescence takes place when cells encounter unfavorable conditions and cease to grow in bacteria and yeast. It also takes place in some specialized cells in higher eukaryotes, such as eggs. Ribosomes in a hibernation state are kept silent via association with proteins with inhibitory and protective functions.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ribosome hibernation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0141014 1_1_valungat,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nerve of head region'?","A. A nerve that is part of a head. B. The tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear. C. A branch of the vagus nerve that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). It travels within the endoneurium. It is the nerve of the 6th Branchial Arch. D. A nerve that is located in a thoracic cavity [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nerve of head region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011779 1_1_cnqfjo99,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonbinary denialism'?","A. An item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to the wearer's outfit, often used to complete an outfit and chosen to specifically complement the wearer's look. B. Any of various false beliefs regarding the existence of, or the extent of the existence of, nonbinary persons. C. Periodicals pertaining especially to LGBTQ persons and/or culture. D. Any of various false beliefs regarding the existence of, or the extent of the existence of, transgender persons.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,nonbinary denialism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011027 1_1_20hreayh,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhabdoid cancer'?","A. A embryonal cancer that is located in the kidney. B. A childhood kidney neoplasm that is located_in the kidney, liver, muscle, heart, lung, soft tissues, skin and central nervous system. C. A syndrome characterized by motor and intellectual disabilities, dystonia, sensorineural deafness, white-matter changes and disorganization of the Golgi apparatus that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BCAP31 gene on chromosome Xq28. D. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is characterized by adult-onset loss of motor neurons and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NEK1 gene on chromosome 4q33.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,rhabdoid cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3672 1_1_p2h30lgf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Iliopubic tract'?","A. Zone of transversalis fascia, each onstance of which is a fibromuscular band originating from some transversus abdominis muscle, medial to the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the conjoint ligament and extends to some superior ramus of the pubis. B. Hepatic lymph node located along left hepatic artery. C. Zone of transversalis fascia, each instance of which is a thickened band of fibrous tissue from some transversalis fascia that strengthens the lower part of some deep inguinal ring and forms the base of some internal spermatic fascia. D. Region of myocardium which has as its parts the anteroapical and inferoapical zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Iliopubic tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma18094 1_1_j765tzsm,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'binge drinking behaviour pattern'?","A. A repeated measures study design involving multiple repeated measurements taken in each of two or more conditions facilitating inferential statistical analyses to be undertaken to output statistical parameters from data sets for each individual participant. B. A binge behaviour pattern in which the behaviour is consumption of an alcohol beverage C. A consumption behaviour pattern involving repeated occurrences of binge behaviour sessions. D. An identity that a person has about themselves.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,binge drinking behaviour pattern,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001351 1_1_404p06kk,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'axe'?","A. A bladed melee weapon intended for cutting or thrusting that is longer than a knife or dagger, consisting of a long blade attached to a hilt. The precise definition of the term varies with the historical epoch or the geographic region under consideration. The blade can be straight or curved. B. Weapons such as swords, axes, fighting knives and daggers. These weapons are designed to cause cutting, dismemberment and exsanguination injuries, and are most effective against minimally armoured opponents. These are used to cut, hack, slash, thrust or stab. C. An implement that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood, to harvest timber, as a weapon, and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. The axe has many forms and specialised uses but generally consists of an axe head with a handle, or helve. D. A knife with a very sharp point and usually two sharp edges, typically designed or capable of being used as a thrusting or stabbing weapon.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,axe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008162 1_1_gw8w4awf,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for fitting and adjustment of urinary device'?","A. unirary device needs replacement B. Encounter for fitting and adjustment of extracorporeal dialysis catheter C. Follow-up examination after other treatment for other conditions D. Patient had implanted devices managed and adjusted",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for fitting and adjustment of urinary device,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000390 1_1_n80ofz3u,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower mantle'?","A. The mantle is divided into sections based upon results from seismology. The upper mantle is the region from 33–410 km (20 to 254 miles). The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust. [Wikipedia] B. Very little is known about the lower mantle apart from that it appears to be relatively seismically homogeneous. The lower mantle is under tremendous pressure and therefore has a higher viscosity than the upper mantle.[Wikipedia] C. The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. Earth's mantle is an approximately 2,970 km thick (~1,800 mi) rocky shell that constitutes approximately 84 percent of Earth's volume. [Wikipedia] D. The solid inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel.[Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lower mantle,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/LowerMantle 1_1_xvl0yqot,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'decreased depth'?","A. The depth of some snow. B. A depth quality which is relatively high. C. The depth of some water. D. A depth which is relatively low.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,decreased depth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001472 1_1_0nkh6lik,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'progesterone-receptor negative breast cancer'?","A. A breast cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from mesenchymal cells. B. A breast cancer that develops from breast tissue in females. C. A breast cancer that is characterized by the absence of progesterone receptors. D. A breast cancer that arises from myoepithelial cells, which are a normal constituent of the salivary acini and ducts and are found between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,progesterone-receptor negative breast cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060078 1_1_04vldwus,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Function'?","A. A social role is played by some agent in the context of social activities. The social role brings with it some expectation of 'default' behavior of the role-filler. B. The role of something used in a (mental) reasoning/inference process C. A role is a specification of default behavior and accompanying expectations of the thing 'playing' the role. Similar to actors in a theater who play roles, but are not the roles. Example: student. D. The use or purpose of some object as used in some context.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Function,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/role.owl#Function 1_1_ev0tutvi,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cone-rod dystrophy 16'?","A. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the C8ORF37 gene on chromosome 8q22. B. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the SEMA4A gene on chromosome 1q22. C. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TTLL5 gene on chromosome 14q24. D. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in mutation in the RPGRIP1 gene on chromosome 14q11.2.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cone-rod dystrophy 16,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111022 1_1_c1u1sdqg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'NMR chemical shift reference compound'?","A. An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). B. Any compound that produces a peak used as reference frequency in the delta chemical shift scale. C. Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. D. The chemical role played by a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,NMR chemical shift reference compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_228364 1_1_zfs0eu7l,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute nephritic syndrome with other morphologic changes'?","A. Diseases that affect the male reproductive and genital organs B. A disorder characterized by the acute loss of renal function C. a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine D. Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the glomeruli (glomerulonephritis), or small blood vessels in the kidneys.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Acute nephritic syndrome with other morphologic changes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000071 1_1_jo22wteu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Supraventricular crest'?","A. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the anterior and inferior walls of right ventricle. B. Region of wall of right ventricle which has as its parts the anterior, lateral and inferior walls of the right ventricle and is continuous with the septal wall of right ventricle. C. Region of wall of right ventricle which has as its parts the mural and septal limbs of supraventricular crest. D. Region of wall of right ventricle which is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of right ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Supraventricular crest,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9293 1_1_er4ntkyk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Days to half flowering - Computation'?","A. Compute number of days required from sowing (or emergence) to when 50 percent of the plants begun to flower. B. The computed ratio of petiole length to internode length C. Compute the seed number per pod. D. Weight of freshly harvested above ground material",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Days to half flowering - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000173 1_1_w5fjmjxw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affy'?","A. The affy package contains functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The dependance to tkWidgets only concerns few convenience functions. 'affy' is fully functional without it. B. The package contains functions to perform normalization of high-throughput qPCR data. Basic functions for processing raw Ct data plus functions to generate diagnostic plots are also available. C. Routines for parsing Affymetrix data files based upon file format information. Primary focus is on accessing the CEL and CDF file formats. D. ArrayExpress Bioconductor package is software that read in MAGE-TAB format files from the ArrayExpress FTP site and converts them to R objects.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100068 1_1_7k7suxri,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dystonia 27'?","A. A segmental dystonia characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of segmental isolated dystonia mainly affecting the craniocervical region and upper limbs with onset in the first 2 decades of life that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of compound heterozygous mutation in the collagen type VI alpha-3 gene on chromosome 2q37. B. A dystonia that affects two or more adjacent parts of the body. C. A gastrointestinal system disease that is located_in the gallbladder. D. An amyloidosis that is characterized by progressive instability, misfolding and formation of amloid fibrils of the transthyretin protein.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,dystonia 27,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090050 1_1_igss0n2w,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'phlebitis'?","A. A vascular disease that is located_in a vein. B. A vein disease that is characterized by impaired flow of blood through the veins. C. A vein disease that is characterized by inflammation of a vein. D. A vein disease that is characterized by swollen, twisted veins visible just under the surface of the skin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,phlebitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_864 1_1_eyjwcgb5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'trans-astringin'?","A. An anthocyanin cation consisting of pelargonidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position. B. Any of the glycopeptides whose structure consists of teicoplanin A3-1 in which the hydroxy group of the di(aryloxy)-substituted phenol moiety has been converted to the corresponding 2-acylamino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside. Members of the class differ only in the nature of the acyl group. C. A stilbenoid that is piceatannol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. D. A triterpenoid saponin that is 24,25-epoxy-13,30-cyclodammarane-3,7,23-triol attached to a 6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Dysoxylum cumingianum it exhibits antileukemic activity.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,trans-astringin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2899 1_1_eo8ha3ax,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyPara'?","A. This package provides mechanisms for automatic function prototyping and exposure of R functionality in a web services environment. B. The package contains parallelized functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The package is designed for large numbers of microarray data. C. The package contains functions that can be used to compare expression measures on different array platforms. D. XDE: a Bayesian hierarchical model for cross-study analysis of differential gene expression",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affyPara,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000456 1_1_vihh1tab,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 16a'?","A. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical septal and the apical anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical lateral , the apical inferoseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical anteroseptal and the apical inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical septal and the apical inferoseptal zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 16a,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma87214 1_1_er03bepi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia of the premaxilla'?","A. An abnormality of the premaxilla (the embryonic structure that forms the anterior part of the maxilla) causing it to appear relatively small in size compared to the other parts of the maxilla or other facial structures. B. Absence of the premaxilla, which is the embryonic structure that forms the anterior part of the maxilla. C. Absence or underdevelopment of the premaxilla. D. A congenital defect characterized by absence of the Maxilla.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia of the premaxilla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010757 1_1_0p6w6viw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'metamorphic rock'?","A. Rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. In general rocks are of three types, namely, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. [Wikipedia] B. A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. The term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusions in igneous rock during magma emplacement and eruption [Wikipedia] C. One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; consists of pre-existing rock mass in which new minerals or textures are formed at higher temperatures and greater pressures than those present on the Earth's surface [wicktionary] D. By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,metamorphic rock,http://sweetontology.net/matrRock/MetamorphicRock 1_1_p41sdm8w,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'iron ion export across plasma membrane'?","A. A process in which an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of hydrogen ions (protons) from inside a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region. C. The directed movement of calcium ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region. D. The directed movement of iron ions from inside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the extracellular region.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,iron ion export across plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903988 1_1_zjb7kknc,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'enzyme binding'?","A. Binding to a member of the serpin protein family (serine protease inhibitors or classified inhibitor family I4). Serpins are a broadly distributed family of protease inhibitors that use a conformational change to inhibit target enzymes. They are central in controlling many important proteolytic cascades. The majority of serpins inhibit serine proteases, but serpins that inhibit caspases and papain-like cysteine proteases have also been identified. Rarely, serpins perform a non-inhibitory function; for example, several human serpins function as hormone transporters and certain serpins function as molecular chaperones or tumor suppressors. B. Binding to adiponectin, a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism. C. Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. D. Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,enzyme binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019899 1_1_1birvvra,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'vibrissa follicle'?","A. A hair follicle that is part of a coat of hair. B. The violet gland or supracaudal gland is an important gland located on the upper surface of the tail of certain mammals, including European badgers and canids such as foxes, wolves the domestic dog, as well as the domestic cat. It is used for intra species signalling, scent marking, and contributes to the strong odor of foxes in particular. C. One of the tubular invaginations of the epidermis enclosing the hair roots and from which grow the vibrissae located on the muzzle and face of many species. D. A tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open[GO].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,vibrissa follicle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010419 1_1_uk43i54w,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'larval burrowing behavior'?","A. Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation. B. The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction. C. Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source. D. Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,larval burrowing behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035181 1_1_asw0ycck,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinal cone dystrophy 4'?","A. A cone dystrophy that is characterized by reduced visual acuity, photoaversion, night blindness, and abnormal color vision and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the gene encoding the gamma subunit of cone cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE6H0) on chromosome 12p13. B. A cone dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CACNA2D4 gene on chromosome 12p13. C. A cone dystrophy that is characterized as autosomal dominant form of diffuse cone degeneration. D. A cone dystrophy that is characterized by onset in the first or second decade of life of very marked photophobia, myopia, reduced color vision along the red-green axis with relatively preserved tritan discrimination, and central scotomata with peripheral widespread sensitivity loss predominating in the superior visual field and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KCNV2 gene on chromosome 9p24.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinal cone dystrophy 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081023 1_1_thlvbymv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute pharyngitis due to other specified organisms'?","A. Pharyngitis, or acute pharyngitis, is an inflammation of the back of the throat, otherwise known as the pharynx. The condition generally causes pain and a sensation of scratchiness in the region of the throat, as well as difficulty swallowing. The condition is typically referred to as a sore throat. B. Acute pharyngitis is characterized by the rapid onset of sore throat and pharyngeal inflammation (with or without exudate) C. patient under observation for other suspected diseases and conditions D. Strep throat is caused by infection with a bacterium known as Streptococcus pyogenes, also called group A streptococcus",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Acute pharyngitis due to other specified organisms,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000220 1_1_2k2w9jfw,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Presence'?","A. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, whose temporal extent has been chosen in order to determine the spatial extent of a phenomenon over the chosen time-span. Respective phenomena may, for instance, be historical events or periods, but can also be the diachronic extent and existence of physical things. In other words, instances of this class fix a slice of another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume in time. The temporal extent of an instance of E93 Presence typically is predetermined by the researcher so as to focus the investigation particularly on finding the spatial extent of the phenomenon by testing for its characteristic features. There are at least two basic directions such investigations might take. The investigation may wish to determine where something was during some time or it may wish to reconstruct the total passage of a phenomenon’s spacetime volume through an examination of discrete presences. Observation and measurement of features indicating the presence or absence of a phenomenon in some space allows for the progressive approximation of spatial extents through argumentation typically based on inclusion, exclusion and various overlaps.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless of their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place, and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space. It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an instance of E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods. Often, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore, E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical birth, an instance of E67 Birth, can be seen as both a single event, i.e. an instance of E5 Event, and as an extended period, i.e. an instance of E4 Period, that consists of multiple physical processes and complementary activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor. E4 Period is a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime Volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CIDOC CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance, it is possible to discuss the physical extent of an instance of E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomenon while an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore, this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language. Typical use of this class in cultural heritage documentation is for documenting cultural and artistic periods. There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period in the European sphere of influence lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type. A geopolitical unit as a specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena related to the claim of power, the consequences of belonging to a jurisdictional area and an administrative system that establishes a geopolitical unit. Examples from the modern period are countries or administrative areas of countries such as districts whose actions and structures define activities and phenomena in the area that they intend to govern. The borders of geopolitical units are often defined in contracts or treaties although they may deviate from the actual practice. The spatiotemporal properties of Geopolitical units can be modelled through the properties inherited from E92 Spacetime Volume. Another specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the actual extent of the set of activities and phenomena as evidenced by their physical traces that define a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E93 Presence,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E93_Presence 1_1_z3kjtf2s,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sea breeze'?","A. A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light. B. A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns. C. A coastal local wind that blows from sea to land, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is colder than the adjacent land. D. A warm, moist sea breeze from the south that sets in at midday in Provence, France, south of Mount Ventoux. In the Roussillon region the midday south wind (mitgjorn) is irregular and generally light, and is dry after crossing the Pyrenees.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sea breeze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/SeaBreeze 1_1_kjklzbm2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'switch'?","A. A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. B. A device which can connect, disconnect, or divert current in an electrical circuit. C. A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. D. An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,switch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501310 1_1_665kkuen,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-glycosyl compound'?","A. A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a nitrogen atom, thus creating a C-N bond. B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. C. Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N. D. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,N-glycosyl compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21731 1_1_vod4nmch,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ArrayGauge'?","A. Fujifilm ArrayGauge™ software is specifically designed for Macroarray and Microarray samples, with all the practical functions necessary for the most powerful array analysis. Its ultra-friendly navigation and functions can handle any kind of array (CLONTECH, Genome Systems, Research Genetics - even hand-made arrays). It already includes virtually every contemporary cDNA membrane template on the market, with the flexibility to handle others as they develop. B. ChipSkipper - an integrated tool for analysis, evaluation and quantitation of DNA micro-array data C. GenePix is the industry standard microarray image analysis software because of its unique combination of imaging and analysis tools, visualizations, automation capabilities, performance and ease of use. D. Cutadapt finds and removes adapter sequences, primers, poly-A tails and other types of unwanted sequence from your high-throughput sequencing reads.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ArrayGauge,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000039 1_1_2k4htrrn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mouth'?","A. The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). B. A subdivision of the digestive tract in humans that includes the rectum, the anal canal and the anus. C. The region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus[GO - gut definition]. D. The terminal portion of the intestinal tube, terminating with the anus.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mouth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165 1_1_0g5g3mbe,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete lumi'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete lumi,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000603 1_1_eutuwkge,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'amidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: a monocarboxylic acid amide + H2O = a monocarboxylate + NH4+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-L-citrulline + H2O = citrulline + acetate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-carnitinamide + H2O = (R)-carnitine + NH4. D. Catalysis of the removal of a sugar or dicarbonyl from a glycated L-arginine, L-lysine or L-cysteine residue within proteins that have been attacked and modified by glyoxal or 2-oxopropanal.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,amidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004040 1_1_mkdf6xkr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cross-over research study'?","A. A research study that implements a cross-over study design. B. A planned process that executes some study design or protocol to generate scientific data that is interpreted to test or generate a hypothesis. C. A tobacco smoker identity that is a core identity and a positive identity. D. A research study that aims to determine the value of carrying out a full-scale study or intervention and how that study or intervention should be implemented.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cross-over research study,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001298 1_1_sha1vg2t,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified dementia'?","A. A condition in which a person loses the ability to think, remember, learn, make decisions, and solve problems. Symptoms may also include personality changes and emotional problems. B. this code must be sequenced as the second code, since it specifies that the disease has dementia in other diseases C. Single episode of major depressive disorder (persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest) D. feelings of stress or fear that the patient cannot understand",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified dementia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000513 1_1_dgm77bz7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'research measure'?","A. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. B. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. C. An information content entity that is used in a research study to specify how a measurement should be undertaken. D. A research measure that has been subjected to evaluation for one or more forms of validity and which it is claimed has reached or exceeded an appropriate threshold on that criterion.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,research measure,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000152 1_1_gjb8fy1c,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Branching degree'?","A. Assessment of epicormic secondary buds quantity, a secondary bud having reached the bark as its growth has been delayed for a rather long time B. Footprint or plan area of the crown of a tree expressed as crown width C. Branching degree D. Assessment of growth units quantity",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Branching degree,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000172 1_1_i43r9fqq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fatty acid transport'?","A. The directed movement of allantoate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. C. The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. D. The directed movement of lactate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fatty acid transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015908 1_1_92pkoulq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of onset of pupariation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiocyte differentiation.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032278 1_1_373qpjlm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'left zygomatic arch'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. B. Zygomatic arch on the left side of an organism when in anatomical position. C. Zygomatic arch on the right side of an organism when in anatomical position. D. The bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and is formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,left zygomatic arch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_7500075 1_1_7tn4g0r9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor'?","A. An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (EC 2.5.1.29). B. A transferase inhibitor that inhibits the transfer of an alkyl (other than methyl) or aryl group (EC 2.5.1.*). C. An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of squalene synthase (EC 2.5.1.21). D. An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase [(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific].",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76663 1_1_6pf39l9c,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism'?","A. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044470 1_1_cprqrsyh,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual Rating:initial plant vigor_method'?","A. Symptoms of infection by cassava mosaic virus is scored between four and six months after planting. Symptoms rated from 1=(clean,no infection) to 5=(extremely severe, severely diseased) B. Visual assessment of plant vigor during establishment as evaluated by CIAT C. An evaluation of the integration of root shape, size, diameter, constriction, neck length on a scale. Before scoring the roots, the field technician walks the harvested plot to get an idea of the average root type of the trial which will then be used as the middle level of the scale. Genotypes better than average will be scored with scale levels lower than the middle level. Similiar genotype that are certainly worse compared to the average score are rated with levels higher than the middle level. Trait description is provided by Hernan Ceballos of CIAT D. Visual scoring of the height of the branches",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual Rating:initial plant vigor_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010435 1_1_vdfprttm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'awareness month'?","A. A month dedicated to bringing awareness to a certain health cause and/or condition. B. A month dedicated to bringing awareness to a certain cause and/or condition. C. A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon. D. A month which is dedicated in memory of someone or something.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,awareness month,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005438 1_1_qumg0rrm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport across blood-brain barrier.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of transport across blood-brain barrier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0150202 1_1_wt031jin,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-docosadienoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine'?","A. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 20 carbons and 1 double bond. B. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 20 carbons and 0 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. C. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 22 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 17 carbons and 2 double bonds.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-docosadienoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71103 1_1_vpbxlkuq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endocardium of left atrium'?","A. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located on the anterosuperior region of head of pancreas. B. Endocardium of atrium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the trunk of pulmonary vein. C. Lymph mixed with fats absorbed by the small intestine. D. Endocardium of atrium which is continuous with the tunica intima of the superior and inferior vena cavae.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Endocardium of left atrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7286 1_1_vueopkgn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anulus proper of mitral valve'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which connects the anterior filum coronarium to the posterior filum coronarium of tricuspid valve anulus. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the left posterior cusp of the aortic valve to the wall of heart. C. Fibrous connective tissue which connects the sulcal connective tissue of firbous ring of mitral valve together. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of the anterior and posterior filum coronaria of mitral valve anulus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anulus proper of mitral valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85238 1_1_chpv30us,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tirabrutinib'?","A. Tirabrutinib is an orally available formulation containing an inhibitor of Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, tirabrutinib covalently binds to BTK within B cells, thereby preventing B cell receptor signaling and impeding B cell development. As a result, this agent may inhibit the proliferation of B cell malignancies. B. An indolyl pyrimidinamine compound resulting from the Sonogashira coupling of 10-bromo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrimido[5,4-c]carbazol-2-amine with 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol. C. intermediate for SRA8 D. CoA ester of ascr#19",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Tirabrutinib,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_232544 1_1_o8nvtp4e,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of prolactin secretion'?","A. Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropic hormone from a cell.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of prolactin secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902721 1_1_08da178m,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'external iliac vein'?","A. A vein that drains the pelvis and lower limbs into the inferior vena cava. B. Any of the three veins including the common, external and internal iliac veins. C. A vein that begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the hypogastric artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac to form the common iliac vein. [WP,unvetted]. D. A large vein that connects the femoral vein to the common iliac vein. Their origin is at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligaments and they terminate when they join the internal iliac veins (to form the common iliac veins). Both external iliac veins are accompanied along their course by external iliac arteries. [WP,modified].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,external iliac vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001316 1_1_29gwo6rb,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuff'?","A. Rock formed of pyroclastic material. B. The cryosphere collectively describes the portions of a planetary surface in frozen form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and frozen ground (which includes permafrost). [Wikipedia] C. A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] D. Any storm that produces hailstones that fall to the ground; usually used when the amount or size of the hail is considered significant.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,tuff,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Tuff 1_1_mkh29asr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 35'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by male infertility due to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia or nonobstructive azoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FBXO43 gene on chromosome 8q22.2. B. A spermatogenic failure characterized by male infertility due to oligoteratoasthenozoospermia, with markedly reduced sperm counts and severely reduced or absent sperm motility that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CATIP gene on chromosome 2q35. C. A spermatogenic failure characterized by nonobstructive azoospermia due to complete meiotic arrest at the spermatocyte zygotene or pachytene stage that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the MSH5 gene on chromosome 6p21.33. D. A spermatogenic failure characterized by multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella resulting in severely impaired sperm motility and infertility that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the QRICH2 gene on chromosome 17q25.1.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 35,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111914 1_1_kvi87ur5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'left cardiac chamber'?","A. A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart B. A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. C. Any chamber of the left side of the heart D. Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,left cardiac chamber,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035553 1_1_lnnzp6be,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA'?","A. A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 6-hydroxyhex-3-enoic acid. B. A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any omega-hydroxy fatty acid. C. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 12-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid. D. A very long-chain hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyhexacosanoic acid.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,omega-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85212 1_1_m97k4hlv,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'kharra'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients (that vary according to region) to create a tobacco-based paste. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco is mixed with areca nut, lime, catechu and additional ingredients to form a coarse powder. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, that in which ground tobacco is mixed with various flavouring agents like cinnamon, fruit and mint to form a sugar-free tablet.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,kharra,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000975 1_1_qy1r8yao,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes '2-cell conceptus'?","A. Pre-embryonic conceptus consisting of eight blastomeres. B. Pre-embryonic conceptus consisting of two blastomeres. C. Developmental organism resulting from successive cleavage of zygote. D. Pre-embryonic conceptus consisting of four blastomeres.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,2-cell conceptus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma293339 1_1_jfgjrosz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'GlyA-positive basophilic erythroblast'?","A. A basophilic erythroblast that is GlyA-positive. B. Binding to a stem cell factor receptor (SCFR), a type III transmembrane kinase receptor. C. A basophilic erythroblast that is Lyg 76-high and is Kit-negative. D. A nucleated immature erythrocyte, having cytoplasm generally similar to that of the earlier proerythroblast but sometimes even more basophilic, and usually regular in outline. The nucleus is still relatively large, but the chromatin strands are thicker and more deeply staining, giving a coarser appearance; the nucleoli have disappeared. This cell is CD71-positive and lacks hematopoeitic lineage markers.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,GlyA-positive basophilic erythroblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002013 1_1_nyz62djz,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'toluenes'?","A. Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines. B. A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. C. Any aromatic amide obtained by acylation of aniline. D. Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,toluenes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27024 1_1_qjvag52a,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'EBI TCoffee Web Tool'?","A. Performs an alignment of DNA, RNA or Proteins with the standard TCoffee mode. B. Performs an alignment of DNA, RNA or Proteins with the standard TCoffee mode. This Web tool provides both interactive access via a Web browser and programmatic SOAP Web service access. Currently only the Web service interface is modelled in OWL. C. Aligns DNA, RNA or Proteins by combining the output of popular aligners and by accessing the MCoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software. D. Aligns protein sequences using structural information by accessing the 3DCoffee/Expresso mode of the underlying TCoffee software.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,EBI TCoffee Web Tool,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000066 1_1_iguxwhro,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group'?","A. Celiac lymph node group located around the common hepatic artery. B. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located on the anterosuperior region of head of pancreas. C. Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group located around the trunk of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. D. Superior mesenteric lymph node group which is located between root of superior mesenteric artery and midpoint of the distance between root of superior mesenteric artery and origin of middle colic artery.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277418 1_1_06qn4zx2,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Continuation'?","A. A change is a difference between the situation before and after the change occurs (the event of the change). A change can be instantaneous B. The initation of a change C. The termination of a change. D. The continuation of a change, once initiated",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Continuation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/process.owl#Continuation 1_1_ncx9y6xw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'famine'?","A. An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. B. A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. C. A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. D. An environmental system process during which populations have reduced access to food, causing increased hunger, malnutrition, and consequent mortality.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,famine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03510003 1_1_eghowjeo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'secretory circumventricular organ'?","A. Any of any of the secretory or sensory organs located in the brain region around or in relation to the ventricular system that are characterized by extensive vasculature and a lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB) and allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow. B. Elevation on the ventral surface of the brain located at the zone of attachment between the hypothalamic floor and the hypophysis (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg. 446). C. A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells (Paxinos, The Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, pg 399). D. A circumventricular organ that is capable of secreting substances into the cerebrospinal fluid.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,secretory circumventricular organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010134 1_1_sa2xkr9o,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'meltwater'?","A. Water with a high nutrient level. B. Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. C. Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. D. Liquid water which occurs naturally within the pores of rocks and sediments.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,meltwater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000722 1_1_dtuzr0oy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of mid zone of left ventricle'?","A. Myocardium of region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the basal anterolateral and inferolateral zones, mid anterolateral and inferolateral zones and the apical lateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the myocardium of anterior and inferior walls of left ventricle. B. Region of myocardium of right ventricle which has as its parts the basal anterior zone, basal septal zone, basal inferior zone and basal lateral zone of myocarium of right ventricle. C. Region of myocardium which is superiorly bounded by the plane of the insertion of the papillary muscle of the left ventricle and inferiorly by the apex of the heart. D. Region of myocardium which is superiorly bounded by the plane of the tip of papillary muscle of left ventricle and inferiorly by the plane of the insertion of the papillary muscle of left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of mid zone of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86046 1_1_wo20jj0k,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'P2Y6 nucleotide receptor binding'?","A. Binding to a P2Y4 nucleotide receptor. B. Binding to a P2Y8 nucleotide receptor. C. Binding to a G protein-coupled (metabotropic) nucleotide receptor. D. Binding to a P2Y6 nucleotide receptor.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,P2Y6 nucleotide receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031816 1_1_qmahbu5x,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mobile phone'?","A. A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. B. A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. C. A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. D. A human construction which supplies drinking water by squirting it into a basin or jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mobile phone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000581 1_1_kj1j4dmv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucous acinus'?","A. The functional unit of the liver, consisting of a mass of hepatocytes from adjacent liver lobules aligned around the hepatic arterioles and portal venules just as they anastomose into sinusoids. B. An acinus that is part of a salivary gland. C. The secretory unit of a mucous gland. The acinar portion is composed of mucous secreting cells. D. An acinus that is part of a exocrine gland.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,mucous acinus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014717 1_1_dscc5xg0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell culturing unit'?","A. A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth and propagation of cells in an artificial medium. B. An ice mass which is primarily composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. C. A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth of selected cell populations (often at the expense of others) within a community by altering the conditions of the environment within its confines. D. A biomaterial containment unit which is designed to allow the growth and propagation of the biomaterial it contains.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cell culturing unit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001819 1_1_8y3i186q,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nystagmus 5'?","A. A congenital nystagmus that has_material_basis_in hemizygous of homoxygous mutation in the GPR143 gene on chromosome Xp22.2. B. A congenital nystagmus that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in a region of chromosome 1q31.3-q32.1. C. A congenital nystagmus that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in a region of chromosome 6p12. D. A congenital nystagmus that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in a region of chromosome Xp11.4.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital nystagmus 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111796 1_1_5qdztffx,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'palea'?","A. The upper (distal), usually smaller, of the pair of flower bracts enclosing a spikelet floret. B. A flower bract that is part of the epicalyx . C. A bract that subtends a perianth that is part of a flower . D. The lower, usually larger, of the pair of flower bracts enclosing a spikelet floret.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,palea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009038 1_1_2eh2c1nt,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'optokinetic behavior'?","A. Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. B. Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish. C. The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus. D. The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,optokinetic behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007634 1_1_oqdmxmsi,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'coitus condomatus'?","A. Human penile-vaginal penetration in which a condom is used. B. Sexual intercourse in which at least one participant utilizes a condom. C. Human penile-vaginal penetration in which a viable contraceptive method or methods are in place. D. A visit of a primarily LGBTQIA+ residence (such as a gay bar) by police or other law-enforcement officers, often in the early morning or late at night, with the aim of using the element of surprise in an attempt to arrest suspects believed to be likely to hide evidence, resist arrest, be politically sensitive, or simply be elsewhere during the day.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,coitus condomatus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003193 1_1_t2fdkusy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior longitudinal ligament'?","A. Ligament of vertebral column, each instance of which is fibrous band attached to the dorsal surfaces of the bodies of some vertebrae, extending from the sacrum to the body of the axis (C2) and from there spreads out as the tectorial membrane which inserts in some occipital bone. B. Ligament of vertebral column, each instance of which is fibrous band attached to the ventral surfaces of the bodies of some vertebrae; it extends from some occipital bone and the anterior tubercle of some atlas down to some sacrum. C. Subdivision of surface of skull, each instance of which is some surface that bounds the groove for some occipital sinus. D. Segment of lymphatic tree organ which has as its direct parts two or more lymphatic chains; together with other lymphatic organ part trees constitutes a lymphatic tree organ. Examples: subclavian lymphatic tree, right lumbar lymphatic tree.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior longitudinal ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma31893 1_1_8n1ygovo,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Eastern Orthodoxy'?","A. An action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage. B. The second-largest Christian church, with approximately 260 million baptised members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops in local synods. Roughly half of Eastern Orthodox Christians live in Russia. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the Bishop of Rome, but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares (""first among equals"") of the bishops. C. The subfield of onomastics dealing with personal names (anthroponymy). D. Christian traditions and churches which developed in the Middle East, Egypt, Asia Minor, the Far East, Balkans, Eastern Europe, Northeastern Africa and southern India over several centuries of religious antiquity.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Eastern Orthodoxy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008216 1_1_ig41xkhk,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'area of attached mussel assemblages'?","A. An area which is dominated by dense accumulations of mussels attached to a substrate other than conspecifics, including the associated faunal communities and predators present on the mussels (e.g., starfish). B. An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover less than 7/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. C. Water which is part of a lake. D. A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,area of attached mussel assemblages,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001382 1_1_wh81yzfh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'internet service'?","A. Services offered to end users in a mobile telecommunications environment by a service provider or a specific service plan of a service provider. B. Any of various kinds of services provide basic human needs relating to quality of life (such as education, health, welfare, etc.). C. Ability to connect to the internet and access services available there. D. Any number of services provided using data transferred from internet servers to a computer.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,internet service,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000183 1_1_me9g1xqy,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pseudoepiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand'?","A. A pseudoepiphysis (which is a secondary ossification center distinct from the normal epiphysis) of one or more phalanges of the thumb. B. A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanx of the fourth finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. C. A secondary ossification center in the phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. D. A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pseudoepiphyses of the proximal phalanges of the hand,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010275 1_1_b96iebhf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inferior basal vein'?","A. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some common basal vein that drains the lateral and anterior segments of the inferior lobe of some lung. B. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior pulmonary vein that drains the inferior lobe of some lung. C. Vein in the pulmonary vemnous system. D. Segmental pulmonary vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some common basal vein that drains the medial and posterior segments of the inferior lobe of some lung.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Inferior basal vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12863 1_1_2k8edu8f,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'long shore wind'?","A. A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. B. A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat. C. A persistent east wind in the Adriatic, usually bringing cloudy weather. D. 1. A damp unpleasant wind that blows from the south in Madras (India). 2. A wind from the northeast at night in Sri Lanka.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,long shore wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/LongShoreWind 1_1_iu14ngrs,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'elasticity'?","A. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to being water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water. B. A quality of radiation that reflects the fluence spectrum of charged and neutral particles within the material or medium where dose is being deposited. C. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. D. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,elasticity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001031 1_1_keiylwhk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity'?","A. The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process. B. The action characteristic of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland. Upon receptor binding, FSH stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in the ovaries in females, and stimulates the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules to increase spermatogenesis. C. The action characteristic of melanin-concentrating hormone, a cyclic peptide hormone that, upon receptor binding, induces melanin aggregation in melanocytes, and is also involved in regulating food intake and energy balance in mammals. D. The action characteristic of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), a hormone released by the mammalian hypothalamus into the hypophyseal-portal circulation in response to neural and/or chemical stimuli. Upon receptor binding, TRH increases the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone by the anterior pituitary.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008437 1_1_ug9h7nbs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol abuse'?","A. The use of alcoholic beverages to excess, either on individual occasions (""binge drinking"") or as a regular practice. B. A stomach disease that is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach. C. A thyroid gland disease which involves an underproduction of thyroid hormone. D. Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,alcohol abuse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002046 1_1_3v8fiubb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dTDP-beta-L-rhodosamine'?","A. A dTDP-sugar having 4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose as the sugar component. It is an intermediate in dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis. B. A dTDP-sugar having either D- or L-rhamnose as the sugar component. C. A dTDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucopyranose as the sugar portion. D. A dTDP-sugar having beta-L-rhodosamine as the sugar component.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dTDP-beta-L-rhodosamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_79171 1_1_b0j5u5d9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly'?","A. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of starch utilization system complex assembly. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of starch utilization system complex assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900513 1_1_djtyct3v,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fishing or hunting worker'?","A. Prepare or serve specialty coffee or other beverages. Serve food such as baked goods or sandwiches to patrons. B. Apply interior or exterior plaster, cement, stucco, or similar materials. May also set ornamental plaster. C. Hunt, trap, catch, or gather wild animals or aquatic animals and plants. May use nets, traps, or other equipment. May haul catch onto ship or other vessel. D. Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticultural specialties, and field crops. Use hand tools, such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives. Duties may include tilling soil and applying fertilizers; transplanting, weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying pesticides; or cleaning, grading, sorting, packing, and loading harvested products. May construct trellises, repair fences and farm buildings, or participate in irrigation activities.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,fishing or hunting worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_45303100 1_1_6kw6ecmt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acculturation difficulty'?","A. a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. B. patient under observation for other suspected diseases and conditions C. having problems or an inability adapting to a new environment or culture D. places one among the people considered obese, but also fall in the higher end of this category, meaning that gaining even more weight would put one in the danger of classifying as extremely obese",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acculturation difficulty,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000375 1_1_chpk0wwa,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity'?","A. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: H+(out) + azole(in) = H+(in) + azole(out). Azoles are heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances. B. Enables the transfer of thiamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Thiamine is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver. C. Enables the transfer of fluconazole from one side of a membrane to the other. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections. D. Enables the transfer of ethanolamine from one side of a membrane to the other. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fluconazole transmembrane transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015244 1_1_bocsxpz8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal nervous system morphology'?","A. A functional anomaly of the nervous system. B. A structural anomaly of the nervous system. C. A plaque consisting of tangles of amyloid protein in nervous tissue (a pathological mark of Alzheimer's disease). D. Progressive loss of neural cells and tissue.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Abnormal nervous system morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012639 1_1_dshb4f88,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)]-beta-D-Glcp'?","A. A branched trisaccharide that is beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-beta-D-Glcp in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the gluocopyranose moiety has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. B. A linear trisaccharide comprising two beta-D-galactosyl residues and (at the reducing end) a beta-D glucose linked in sequence (1->3) and (1->4). C. A dihydroxyflavone that is tricin 4'-O-(erythro-beta-guaiacylglyceryl) ether in which the hydroxy hydrogen at position 7'' has been replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group. D. A kaempferol O-glucoside that is the 2''-acetyl derivative of astragalin (kaempferol 3-O-glucoside). Isolated from the aerial parts of Delphinium staphisagria, it exhibits trypanocidal activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1->4)]-beta-D-Glcp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145601 1_1_x6p4ddv8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'onset'?","A. A stage where cognitive impiarment suddenly arises B. a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease C. A disease stage at which a person may function independently. He or she may still drive, work and be a part of social activities. Despite this, the person may feel as if he or she is having memory lapses, such as forgetting familiar words or the location of everyday objects. D. A disease stage that marks the beginning of a disease",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,onset,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000118 1_1_sodn09bm,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'software development'?","A. A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction. B. Search or query a data resource and retrieve entries and / or annotation. C. Annotate a genome sequence with terms from a controlled vocabulary. D. AL 24.9.19: Merged the now-obsolete http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/objective/SWO_4000007 into this class as they were describing the same concept. See also https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/2",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,software development,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/organization/SWO_9000056 1_1_5lznwwzp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urinary saccharopine level'?","A. Elevated concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the urine. B. An increased amount of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in the urine. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine. C. The amount of saccharopine in the urine, when normalized to urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. D. An increased concentration of 4-hydroxy-L-proline in the urine.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated urinary saccharopine level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000283 1_1_yo1zn87c,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'varenicline'?","A. An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. B. A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. C. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups. D. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,varenicline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84500 1_1_66i0zjhi,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'hemangioblast cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages. B. Any of the numerous small mucous-secreting glands located in the wall of the penile urethra. C. The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,hemangioblast cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060217 1_1_0r8riiar,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'food storage organ'?","A. An expanded region of the vertebrate alimentary tract that serves as a food storage compartment and digestive organ. A stomach is lined, in whole or in part by a glandular epithelium. B. Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. C. An organ of the digestive tract that is capable of retaining and storing food D. Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong].",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,food storage organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010039 1_1_ji3astq8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction'?","A. The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of angiotensinogen into mature angiotensin in the blood. B. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore. C. OBSOLETE. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to heart induction. D. The component of the postsynaptic specialization membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway involved in heart induction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035481 1_1_uqxog9p2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'promazine'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). B. A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. C. A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. D. An omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,promazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8459 1_1_cm42orzs,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'TB patient'?","A. A person who is not a substance user. B. A person living with tuberculosis. C. A person who is between the ages of 13 and 19. D. A person with whom someone has a sufficiently close relationship that they are willing to discuss important matters.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,TB patient,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000847 1_1_v6y61c0b,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organismal assay'?","A. An assay that generates data about the physical characteristics, physological functions, or behavior of organisms or viruses. B. A planned process with the objective to produce information about some evaluant C. A physiological assay that utilizes systematic administration of defined procedures to measure specific psychological functions known to be linked to particular brain structures or pathways in humans. D. An assay that generates data about the presence, abundance, structure, function, or activity of biological molecules, or a process that occurs at a molecular level of granularity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organismal assay,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0001285 1_1_mqc9rhj4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete vsn'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete vsn,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000725 1_1_z3v0pgga,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamate receptor signaling pathway. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046627 1_1_mid6q4ac,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pascal'?","A. The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure. It is a measure of force per unit area, and defined as one newton per sqare meter. 1 Pa = N m-2 B. The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of net force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second per second. 1 N = kg m s-2 C. The volt is defined as the value of the voltage across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power in the conductor.[2] It can be written in terms of SI base units as: m2 · kg · s−3 · A−1. It is also equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge, J/C. D. A composite unit is the product of at least two base or derived units. For example, 'meter per second square' denotes a composite unit defined over 'meter' (a base unit) and 'per second square' (a derived unit).",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Pascal,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Pascal 1_1_m1w96uoq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pentanamidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + citrulline = NH3 + CO2 + L-ornithine. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-oxo-3-ureidopropanoate + H2O = H+ + malonate + urea. C. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + pentanamide = NH4 + valerate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + H2O = D-glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol + acetate. This reaction is the second step of the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), used to anchor various eukaryotic proteins to the cell-surface membrane.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pentanamidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050168 1_1_dj24wy62,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'trachea pre-cartilage rings'?","A. A pre-cartilage condensation that is part of a trachea. B. An iliac endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. A femur endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. D. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a carpal bone.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,trachea pre-cartilage rings,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007267 1_1_rukhp5u2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory system lamina propria'?","A. A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. B. A thin layer of loose connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa[WP]. The lamina propria contains capillaries and a central lacteal (lymph vessel) in the small intestine, as well as lymphoid tissue. Lamina propria also contains glands with the ducts opening on to the mucosal epithelium, that secrete mucus and serous secretions. C. A lamina propria that is part of a respiratory airway. D. A lamina propria that is part of a mucosa of oral region.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,respiratory system lamina propria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004779 1_1_31gdjoec,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'aneruptive fever'?","A. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia japonica, which is transmitted_by ticks (Dermacentor taiwanensis and Haemaphysalis flava). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschars, has_symptom regional adenopathy, and has_symptom rash on extremities. B. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia conorii subsp indica, which is transmitted_by ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar, has_symptom regional adenopathy, and has_symptom maculopapular rash on extremities. C. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia helvetica, which is transmitted_by ticks (Ixodes sp). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom myalgia. D. A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia conorii subsp conorii, which is transmitted_by dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom eschar (usually single), has_symptom regional adenopathy, has_symptom maculopapular rash on extremities.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,aneruptive fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050484 1_1_7rau3pfq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Growth habit'?","A. The presence of sterility on spike basal spikelets. B. The length of awns. C. The smoothness or roughness of the lemma awn barbs. D. The plant growth habit during vegetative stages.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Growth habit,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000048 1_1_yrc39zwo,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'crust'?","A. The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. [Wikipedia] B. In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The division of Earth's outer layers into lithosphere and asthenosphere should not be confused with the chemical subdivision of the outer Earth into mantle, and crust. All crust is in the lithosphere, but lithosphere generally contains more mantle than crust. [Wikipedia] C. D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] D. The central most structure inside the earth. The core does not allow shear waves to pass through it, while the speed of travel (seismic velocity) is different in the other layers. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,crust,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/Crust 1_1_m4gvlrl0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'multicell convective storm'?","A. The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells. B. A convective storm system usually composed of a cluster of ordinary convective cells at various stages of their life cycle. New cells within the convective system are generated primarily by either low-level convergence along a preexisting boundary, or by lifting at the leading edge of the system-scale cold pool that was produced by the previous cells. A multicell storm may have a lifetime of several hours, and may also have supercells incorporated as a part of the system as well. See also cell, ordinary cell, supercell, thunderstorm. C. A mélange is a large scale breccia, a mappable body of rock characterized by a lack of continuous bedding and the inclusion of fragments of rock of all sizes, contained in a fine-grained deformed matrix. The mélange typically consists of a jumble of large blocks of varied lithologies of altered oceanic crustal material and blocks of continental slope sediments in a sheared mudstone matrix. Some larger blocks of rock may be as much as 1 km across. [Wikipedia] D. Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,multicell convective storm,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/MulticellConvectiveStorm 1_1_5m6bwz6q,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'reef'?","A. The subsurface emplacement of ‘fluids’ through a bored, drilled, or driven ‘well’, or through a dug well, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension. B. In nautical terminology, a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water yet shallow enough to be a hazard to ships. Many reefs result from abiotic processes—deposition of sand, wave erosion planning down rock outcrops, and other natural processes—but the best-known reefs are the coral reefs of tropical waters developed through biotic processes dominated by corals and calcareous algae C. Any thunderstorm that is perceived by observers to be green. The perceptually dominant wavelength of light from green thunderstorms ranges from blue- green to yellow-green. The purity of the color is generally low and the topical mechanism that causes the green appearance is not understood. Although green clouds often occur in conjunction with severe weather, there is no evidence to support anecdotal attributions of the cause of this green to specific characteristics of severe storms, such as hail or tornadoes. D. A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean, making the mid-oceanic ridge system the longest mountain range in the world.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,reef,http://sweetontology.net/realmOceanFloor/Reef 1_1_izdxpnyu,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH group 3'?","A. A medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH that is characterized as a molecular subtype by the absence of MYC amplifications and TP53 mutations, while chromosome 17 abnormalities may be present. B. A medulloblastoma that is characterized as a molecular subtype that is not associated with activation of the WNT pathway or sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway and TP53 mutations are absent. C. A hematopoietic cancer that derives_from the blood-forming stem cells of the bone marrow. D. A medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH that is characterized as a molecular subtype by absent TP53 mutations and MYC amplifications that may be present.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,medulloblastoma non-WNT/non-SHH group 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080707 1_1_aeqdaj7j,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'biodiversity'?","A. Waves with a restoring force arising from variations in depth. The stretching or compression of displaced columns of water generates anomalous vorticity tending to drive them back to their original position. B. A mesoscale wind maximum. It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of 100 km. Mesojets differ from planetary-scale jets, which can have length scales of several thousand kilometers, and synoptic-scale jets, which may have length scales of 1000? 2000 km and are commonly found in association with progressive synoptic-scale troughs and ridges. Larger mesojets may also sometimes be known as jet streaks. Mesojets can form adjacent to prominent orographic features in association with terrain-channeled flow. Mesojets are also seen in association with organized mesocale convective systems as typified by the evaporatively driven rear-inflow jet commonly found behind active squall lines lines. Mesojets may also be found in conjunction with prominent lower-tropospheric stable layers where the airflow can become decoupled from the planetary boundary layer, especially at night. An exceptionally well organized lower-tropospheric mesojet extending over hundreds of kilometers might be known as a low-level jet. C. Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. Biodiversity is often used as a measure of the health of biological systems. D. An extraction fault with no discernible displacement within the fault plane.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,biodiversity,http://sweetontology.net/phenEcology/Biodiversity 1_1_fd8myadq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluoxetine'?","A. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. C. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active. D. An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fluoxetine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5118 1_1_ih7wv0er,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proclamation'?","A. In law, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. The term may also refer to the collective body of case law that a court should consider when interpreting the law. When a precedent establishes an important legal principle, or represents new or changed law on a particular issue, that precedent is often known as a landmark decision. B. Examples are European Union directive, a legislative act of the European Union and Directives, used by United States Government agencies (particularly the Department of Defense) to convey policies, responsibilities, and procedures. C. In law, custom, or customary law consists of established patterns of behaviour that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. D. A proclamation (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement) is an official declaration.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Proclamation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Proclamation 1_1_8unx6jdv,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lung goblet cell differentiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipose tissue development. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apical ectodermal ridge formation.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of lung goblet cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901250 1_1_t94jgzf6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'thymidine phosphorylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-deoxyuridine + phosphate = 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate + uracil. B. Catalysis of the reaction: thymidine + phosphate = thymine + 2-deoxy-D-ribose 1-phosphate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: uridine + phosphate = uracil + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: pyrimidine nucleoside + phosphate = pyrimidine + alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,thymidine phosphorylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009032 1_1_h97owj50,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual selection scores at maturity stage'?","A. Visual selection scores recorded at the time of maturity B. Plant height recorded per plant C. Number of primary branches counted per plant D. Seed yield",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual selection scores at maturity stage,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_341:0000051 1_1_gmc8d5iw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'rosmarinate synthase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-ketopimeloyl-CoA + CoA = glutaryl-CoA + acetyl-CoA. B. Catalysis of the reaction: a fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + orthophosphate = acyl phosphate + [acyl-carrier protein]. C. Catalysis of the reaction: caffeoyl-CoA + 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate = CoA + rosmarinate. D. Catalysis of the transfer of a palmitoyl (CH3-[CH2]14-CO-) group to an acceptor molecule.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,rosmarinate synthase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050266 1_1_tz70gcjx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'LY - Measurement'?","A. Seed cotton yield (g/plot) B. Lint yield (g/plot) C. Standard method for the total Iron (Fe) concentration measured in a given volume of seed extract D. Measure the width of leaf 3rd lobe",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,LY - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000500 1_1_zh095xsj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transit or railroad police'?","A. Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician. B. Instruct preschool-aged students, following curricula or lesson plans, in activities designed to promote social, physical, and intellectual growth. C. Protect and police railroad and transit property, employees, or passengers. D. Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,transit or railroad police,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33305200 1_1_6e9bn6y1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Non-marketable tuber weight - method'?","A. Measure the Leaf chlorophyll content using spectophotometer and record it B. Compute the weight of non-marketable tubers per unit area usihg the formula C. Measure the Canopy reflectance using Tetracam and record it D. Measure the Molybdenum concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Non-marketable tuber weight - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000313 1_1_hugttlx0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete MIcroarray Analysis Suite'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete MIcroarray Analysis Suite,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000271 1_1_u69pk5ke,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002708 1_1_h67svs1q,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Trade'?","A. A plan is a structure of multiple other plans or actions. These can be both sequential or concurrent. Usually a plan is referred to in the context of the intention to act of some agent, however when executed the plan itself comes into effect. B. A change is a difference between the situation before and after the change occurs (the event of the change). A change can be instantaneous C. A trade is an exchange of some things between two agents a and b. Consists of two actions A and B where a is the actor of action A and the recipient of action B, and vice versa. Usually these actions are performed concurrently, but these may also be done consequently. The ownership of the things being traded is the requirement/result pair for each action. D. A transaction is an exchange or interaction between at least two agents a and b. Consists of two actions A and B where a is the actor of action A and the recipient of action B, and vice versa. Usually these actions are performed concurrently, but these may also be done consequently.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Trade,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/action.owl#Trade 1_1_o36frow2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxycodone'?","A. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. B. A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. C. A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain. D. A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oxycodone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7852 1_1_obhl9z1f,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'attempting to stop cigarette smoking'?","A. A personal attribute in which a person who was suffering from a disorder no longer suffers from that disorder. B. A personal attribute of a tobacco smoker that is how much of the person's tobacco smoking takes places in the presence of other people who are smoking. C. A personal attribute in which the person has resumed a behaviour pattern having previously abstained from that behaviour pattern. D. Attempting individual behaviour pattern cessation where the behaviour pattern is cigarette smoking.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,attempting to stop cigarette smoking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001335 1_1_tyut886c,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle tissue development.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of smooth muscle tissue development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905901 1_1_6gyaghmf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Collar anthocyanin'?","A. Describes the purplish pigmentation, if any, attributable to anthocyanin on the collars B. Texture of the main axis of the panicle C. The angle of attachment between the flag leaf blade and the main panicle axis D. Colour of the leaf collar",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Collar anthocyanin,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000492 1_1_mj7jvuwf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mergozzo'?","A. The Maltese and best-known variant of a term for a strong northeast wind in the central and western Mediterranean and adjacent European land areas (stronger than the levante). B. A dry foehnlike wind from southeast or south in Cheribon and Tegal in Indonesia. It is caused by the east monsoon that develops a jet effect in passing through the gaps in the mountain ranges and descends on the leeward side. C. A name sometimes given the west wind through the Straits of Gibraltar. D. Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mergozzo,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Mergozzo 1_1_jreegygx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to corticosteroid'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,response to corticosteroid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031960 1_1_1zhmbpq3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant epidermal initial cell'?","A. An initial cell that is part of the vascular cambium or cork cambium , and by periclinal divisions, produces cells to the outside or inside of the cambial axis. B. An initial cell that is produced by longitudinal division of a sub-apical cell of a protonema. C. An initial cell that is part of a root apical meristem and by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains in the meristem, while the other is produces different root cells. D. An initial cell that is part of an plant epidermis and gives rise to specialized cells.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant epidermal initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000349 1_1_exzdpz77,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ikke-binær kønsidentitet'?","A. Having an identity considered nonbinary or as falling under the nonbinary umbrella. B. A datum representing a person's gender identity which is not listed. Note that it is generally considered inappropriate to list ""other"" instead of including some nonbinary options. However, an ""other (please specify)"" should always be included for the sake of completeness. C. Having an identity considered male. D. Having a gender identity which fluctuates or switches (such as being male sometimes and female other times).",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ikke-binær kønsidentitet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002328 1_1_az1pc2ya,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mullerian tubercle'?","A. The hatching gland rudiment at the time it underlies the forebrain during the early segmentation period. Kimmel et al, 1995. B. During the 7th week the urorectal septum divides the cloacal membrane into a urogenital membrane (ventrally) and an anal membrane (dorsally) [http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/ugenital/genitexterne01.html] C. A transient fetal dilation of the distal (or cranial) heart tube located where the arterial trunk joins the ventral roots of the aortic arches. D. An elevation on the wall of the embryonic urogenital sinus where the Müllerian ducts enter.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,Mullerian tubercle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016505 1_1_kdqk4ge5,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'iq'mik'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, herbs and flavourings are mixed to form a fine red powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which sun-dried, fermented, then ground and aged tobacco leaves are mixed with a solution of baking soda and water to create a moist form that can be rolled into a ball (called a saffa). D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles (sometimes mixed with molasses and water) form loose dry sticks.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,iq'mik,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000967 1_1_3rogmzvu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'product-use behaviour'?","A. A person with COPD that reports being a current smoker. B. Product use behaviour that is harmful. C. Object-using behaviour that involves use of a product. D. A material entity-related behaviour that uses a non-living object.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,product-use behaviour,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000137 1_1_cm62ocao,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual male-female relationship'?","A. A relationship between a person who is male and a person who is female. B. A relationship between a bisexual man and a woman of any sexual orientation. C. A friendship between a man and a woman. D. A relationship involving some kind of sexual intimacy between at least two people in which at least one person is heterosexual.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexual male-female relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007944 1_1_is91vt6j,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''annotate''?","A. The splots package provides the plotScreen function for the visualization of for high-throughput assays in microtitre plate or chamber slide format. B. Using R enviroments for annotation. C. The iterative Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) algorithm is a variable selection and classification algorithm with an application of classifying 2-class microarray samples, as described in Yeung, Bumgarner and Raftery (Bioinformatics 2005, 21: 2394-2402). D. This LPE library is used to do significance analysis of microarray data with small number of replicates. It uses resampling based FDR adjustment, and gives less conservative results than traditional 'BH' or 'BY' procedures. Data accepted is raw data in txt format from MAS4, MAS5 or dChip. Data can also be supplied after normalization. LPE library is primarily used for analyzing data between two conditions. To use it for paired data, see LPEP library. For using LPE in multiple conditions, use HEM library.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'annotate',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000466 1_1_81bwots1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed layer'?","A. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. B. A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed. C. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. D. A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mixed layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoBoundaryLayer/MixedLayer 1_1_f3r0rd9h,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ambenonium'?","A. A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid. B. An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion obtained by deprotonation of any folic acid. C. A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens. D. Any flavonoid that is a glycoside derivative of anthocyanidin. Anthocyanins are water-souluble plant pigments that generally occur as acidic salts exhibiting bright colours.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ambenonium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2627 1_1_zurflb34,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'machine feeder or offbearer'?","A. Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy duty transmission towers. B. Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts, and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work. May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation measures. C. Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment that is automatic or tended by other workers. D. Transport patients to areas such as operating rooms or x-ray rooms using wheelchairs, stretchers, or moveable beds. May maintain stocks of supplies or clean and transport equipment. Psychiatric orderlies are included in Psychiatric Aides.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,machine feeder or offbearer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53706300 1_1_s4pdtlqd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sequential hermaphroditic organism'?","A. Hermaphroditic organism that produces both male and female gametes at the same time. B. Multicellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes. C. Hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of one sex, and then later of the other sex. D. Sequential hermaphroditic organism that produces gametes first of the male sex, and then later of the female sex.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sequential hermaphroditic organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010895 1_1_41pf55vj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epicardium of right atrium proper'?","A. Subdivision of epicardium which is attached to the myocardium of the right atrium proper. B. Subdivision of epicardium which is continuous with the epicardium of the inflow part of the left ventricle. C. Subdivision of epicardium which is continuous with the epicardium of the ourflow part of right atrium. D. Subdivision of epicardium which is attached to the myocardium of the left atrium proper.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Epicardium of right atrium proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84840 1_1_au86gbbq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'desire'?","A. An that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli. B. A subjective emotional feeling involving positive affect associated with reduction in a feeling of need. C. A subjective emotional feeling which consists of a strong wanting or wishing to have something or for something to happen. D. A subjective affective feeling that is a strong feeling of desire or a strong feeling of urge.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,desire,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001127 1_1_s9bz9vmq,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'male'?","A. A newspaper. Tabloids are usually thought of as more ""down-market"" than broadsheets. B. A human propelled vehicle, with two wheels C. The class of all male things. D. Someone who drives a bus.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,male,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#male 1_1_c7nxntm3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mesorectum'?","A. General anatomical term which refers to a chamber of an organ with cavitated organ parts. Examples: right ventricle of heart, lateral ventricle of brain. B. Organ component which has as its parts a wall and a cavity and together with structures of same type constitutes an anatomical lobe or an organ component gland. C. Subdivision of skeletal system of upper limb, which is the proximal segment of skeletal system of upper limb and links the skeletal system of free upper limb to the trunk; it is demarcated by the plane of the surface of the glenoid fossa from the free upper limb; together with the skeletal system of free upper limb, it constitutes skeletal system of upper limb. Examples: There is only one pectoral girdle. D. Fold of peritoneum connecting the upper portion of the rectum with the sacrum",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Mesorectum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0323690 1_1_p597kw11,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'male meiosis II'?","A. A cell cycle process by which the cell nucleus divides as part of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline. B. The cell cycle process in which the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline. C. The second nuclear division of meiosis, in which the two chromatids in each chromosome are separated, resulting in four daughter nuclei from the two nuclei produced in meiosis II. D. A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,male meiosis II,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007142 1_1_rjwifan4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'conclusion'?","A. A conclusion is a proposition which is reached after considering the evidence, arguments or premises. B. An idea is a proposition about some object of conceptual thought. C. A diagnosis is the result of a medical investigation to identify a disease or disorder from its signs and symptoms. D. A proposition is a sentence expressing something true or false.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,conclusion,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000262 1_1_rbaqktsu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis'?","A. The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. B. The process in which the anatomical structure of a trigeminal ganglion is generated and organized. C. The developmental process by which an acoustico-facial VII-VIII ganglion complex is generated and organized. D. The process in which the anatomical structure of a cranial ganglion is generated and organized.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,trigeminal ganglion morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061556 1_1_purg7fx6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Medial flaring of the eyebrow'?","A. An abnormal distribution of eyebrow hair growth in the medial direction. B. Anomalous anatomical placement of the eyebrow. C. An abnormality of the eyebrow. D. Increased density/number and/or increased diameter of eyebrow hairs.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Medial flaring of the eyebrow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010747 1_1_lmdmm0zy,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'medical intervention'?","A. medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury. B. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process C. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material D. A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,medical intervention,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OAE_0000002 1_1_8ds0wtlt,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardiac venous tree'?","A. ystemic venous tree (organ) the trunk of which, the inferior vena cava, continues with the right atrium and the branches of which are distributed to the abdomen, pelvis, perineum and the lower limbs. Examples: There is only one inferior systemiv venous tree. B. Systemic venous tree (organ), the trunk of which is the coronary sinus or the small cardiac vein. Examples: main cardiac venous tree, right marginal venous tree.. C. Cardiac venous tree which consists of the coronary sinus and all its tributaries. There is only one main cardiac venous tree. D. Venous tree (organ) connected to the right atrium. Examples: superior vena caval tree, inferior vena caval tree, main cardiac venous tree",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardiac venous tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50307 1_1_zpjo42ij,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'fatty alcohol 15:0'?","A. Any fatty alcohol containing 15 carbons. B. Any fatty alcohol containing 22 carbons and 1 double bond. C. Any fatty alcohol containing 13 carbons. D. Any fatty alcohol containing 18 carbons and 1 double bond.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,fatty alcohol 15:0,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78134 1_1_yebvf5xh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'jagged'?","A. In geology, a fault or fault line is a planar rock fracture, which shows evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation that is associated with the fault plane. B. The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. C. Jagged has sharp points or edges that catch on a finger that's rubbed across the surface. D. Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,jagged,http://sweetontology.net/phenSolid/Jagged 1_1_1p3625x8,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other diseases of the respiratory system'?","A. respiratory disorder as a result of another disorder found elsewhere in the body B. an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli C. diseases affecting the respiratory system D. A disorder characterized by bleeding from the nose",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other diseases of the respiratory system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000214 1_1_szryyx6n,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardium of basal lateral zone of right ventricle'?","A. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal septal zone, basal lateral zone and mid anterior zone of myocardium of right ventricle. B. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal anterior zone, basal inferior zone and mid lateral zone of myocardium of right ventricle. C. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal septal zone, basal lateral zone and mid inferior zone of myocardium of right ventricle. D. Region of basal zone of myocardium of right ventricle which is continuous with the basal anterior zone, basal inferior zone and mid septal zone of myocardium of right ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardium of basal lateral zone of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma225390 1_1_yii979u8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'X-linked lissencephaly 2'?","A. A lissencephaly characterized by lissencephaly in combination with severe congenital microcephaly. B. A lissencephaly characterized by structural brain anomalies, early-onset intractable seizures, severe psychomotor retardation, and ambiguous genitalia that has_material_basis_in mutation in ARX on chromosome Xp21.3. C. A congenital nervous system abnormality characterized by the absence of folds in the cerebral cortex and caused_by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation. D. A lissencephaly that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the gene encoding reelin (RELN) on chromosome 7q22.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,X-linked lissencephaly 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112238 1_1_qraiiulw,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diclofenac'?","A. Sphingolipids are a complex family of compounds that share a common structural feature, a sphingoid base backbone. B. A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. C. A catecholamine in which C-1 of the aminoethyl side-chain is hydroxy-substituted. D. A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,diclofenac,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47381 1_1_f997p99g,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'IE.01 1/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath stage'?","A. The stage at which 3/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath. B. The stage at which the inflorescence has fully emerged from the flag leaf sheath. C. The stage at which 1/4 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath. D. The stage at which 1/2 of inflorescence has emerged from flag leaf sheath.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,IE.01 1/4 of inflorescence emerged from flag leaf sheath stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007048 1_1_1scdo7fh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric macula densa'?","A. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. B. A macula densa that is part of a distal convoluted tubule [Automatically generated definition]. C. A metanephric nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the metanephric nephron, the functional part of the metanephros[GO]. D. The metanephric macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule of the metanephros that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus[GO].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metanephric macula densa,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005122 1_1_xe8xiwv6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'vortex'?","A. A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow. B. More often the term refers to a flow with closed streamlines or to the idealized case in which all vorticity is concentrated in a vortex filament. C. The behavior of a fluid with a Reynolds number typically greater than 1E4 to 1E6, which usually occurs within the atmosphere. The main property of such flows is a constant friction stress within the surface layer that depends only on relative roughness but not on the Reynolds number itself. Thus, molecular viscosity and qualities occurring in flow descriptions that are dependent on the Reynolds number may be totally ignored. D. (Also called sheet flow, streamline flow.) A flow regime in which fluid motion is smooth and orderly, and in which adjacent layers or laminas slip past each other with little mixing between them. Exchange of material across laminar layers occurs by molecular diffusion, a process about 106 times less effective than turbulence. Laminar flow can be easily predicted as velocity increases at a steady rate from a boundary. This contrasts with the chaotic and random nature of turbulent flow. Laminar flow is not a common occurrence in the statically neutral and unstable atmosphere and is confined to a very thin layer (1 mm) adjacent to very smooth surfaces such as snow and ice. However, in strongly statically stable regions such as the the nocturnal boundary layer, the Richardson number can be large enough that turbulence is suppressed, and the flow is laminar over a layer many tens of meters thick.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,vortex,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidDynamics/Vortex 1_1_fdhburvp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'overweight and obesity'?","A. when a patient uses or loses more fluid than they take in B. having more weight than the average human C. A disease where the blood clots throughout the body and increases the risk of bleeding D. Conditions with excess lipids in the blood.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,overweight and obesity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000477 1_1_ppy3usfj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'COBRA'?","A. This software implements a robust algorithm for spot finding and quantitation, quality metrics, and use of pre-made protocols ensure accuracy and reproducibility. Choices for background correction, normalization, and ratio calculation between arrays provides flexibility.Wizard guides simplify operation.Automatic batch processing increases throughput and saves time.Data easily exported to Microsoft™ Excel or database programs for flexibility in reporting. B. COBRA (COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis Toolbox) includes implementations of many of the commonly used forms of constraint-based analysis such as FBA, gene deletions, flux variability analysis, sampling, and batch simulations together with tools to read in and manipulate constraint-based models. C. FastQC aims to provide a simple way to do some quality control checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. It provides a modular set of analyses which you can use to give a quick impression of whether your data has any problems of which you should be aware before doing any further analysis. D. ProteomicsTools software suite contains a bunch of tools used in proteomics research, including identification, result parsing, quantification, and modification.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,COBRA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000154 1_1_24kgrjo7,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'community living health care facility'?","A. A health care facility within a hospital that provides acute medical care for patients that have presented as medical emergencies to a hospital or who have developed an acute medical illness while in hospital. B. A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance C. A health care facility that provides harm reduction services to substance users. D. a health care facility that also bears a residence function and thus one in which the patients are also residents of the facility",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,community living health care facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMRSE_00000150 1_1_zwnraiyx,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'subterranean tuber axillary bud meristem'?","A. A tuber axillary bud meristem that is part of a subterranean tuber. B. An axillary bud meristem that is part of a shoot axis tuber . C. OBSOLETE. A rod-like element of the sexine/ectexine, either supporting the tectum or a caput. D. A tuber axillary bud meristem that is part of an aerial tuber.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,subterranean tuber axillary bud meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025070 1_1_x5l4t8ft,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity'?","A. Enables the transfer of methylgalactoside from one side of a membrane to the other. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group. B. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: glycerol phosphate(out) + phosphate(in) = glycerol phosphate(in) + phosphate(out). C. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: sodium(out)+ galactoside(out) = sodium(in) + galactoside(in). D. Enables the transfer of hexose phosphate from one side of a membrane to the other. Hexose phosphates is any of a group of monophosphorylated aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,methylgalactoside transmembrane transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015592 1_1_i5dbuxau,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dolichol'?","A. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is lanosta-8,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at the 3beta position. It is the compound from which all steroids are derived. B. A squalene triterpenoid obtained by formal epoxidation across the 2,3 C=C bond of squalene. C. A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). D. Any one of a group of prenol derivatives made up of varying numbers of cis-linked isoprene units, terminating in an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group containing an alcohol functional group, with the three isoprene units at the distal end trans-linked.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dolichol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16091 1_1_4s1j6v0n,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneticsPed'?","A. Classes and methods for handling pedigree data. It also includes functions to calculate genetic relationship measures as relationship and inbreeding coefficients and other utilities. Note that package is not yet stable B. An integrated web interface for doing microarray analysis using several of the Bioconductor packages. It is intended to be deployed as a centralized bioinformatics resource for use by many users. C. This package can be used to handle MAGEML documents in Bioconductor D. Binning and plotting functions for hexagonal bins. Now uses and relies on grid graphics and formal (S4) classes and methods.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneticsPed,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000203 1_1_m4v7pp39,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of left auricle'?","A. Region of wall of heart which surrounds the cavity of left auricle. B. Region of wall of heart which surrounds the cavity of right auricle. C. Wall of heart which has as its parts the the walls of left atrium and left ventricle that surrounds its cavities and is attached to the left fibrous ring of heart. D. Region of wall of heart that separates the wall of an atrium from the wall of a ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of left auricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9547 1_1_x072o5h2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of muscle tissue development'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lung alveolus development. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle tissue development. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of muscle tissue development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901863 1_1_db54i49x,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyclopropanes'?","A. Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution. B. A polyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. C. A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms. D. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cyclopropanes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51454 1_1_o4yenlfb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dysplastic distal radial epiphyses'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the distal epiphysis of radius. B. Abnormally developed (dysplastic) distal epiphysis of the radius. C. An abnormally flat form of the proximal epiphysis of the radius. D. Any abnormality of the distal epiphysis of the radius.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Dysplastic distal radial epiphyses,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005013 1_1_8ou8pqo3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'energy-enhanced snuff'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which boiled tobacco leaves (minus stalks, stems and veins) are soaked in water, then flavoured with powdered spices (e.g., saffron, cardamom, aniseed) and additives such as musk and then prepared into a thick paste that may also be formed into granules or pellets. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants (caffeine, ginseng), taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dark coloured Mapacho tobacco, inner bark of Mocambo tree and cacahuilo tree are mixed to form an extremely fine dust. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form tablets.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,energy-enhanced snuff,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000977 1_1_jrb1vwkl,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Diaphysis'?","A. Subdivision of long bone which forms its expanded proximal or distal articular end; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: proximal epiphysis of humerus, distal epiphysis of femur. B. Subdivision of long bone which forms the part of the bone between the two epiphyses; together with other the subdivisions of long bone, it constitutes the long bone. Examples: diaphysis of humerus, diaphysis of femur. C. Synovial tendon sheath of finger, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some ring finger. D. Substance of tooth produced by odontoblasts; surrounds the pulp of the tooth and is subjacent to enamel and cement.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Diaphysis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24013 1_1_qfmq7kh7,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'SCH51344'?","A. A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergost-24-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 19 and 27, a methoxy group at position 3 and oxo groups at positions 1 and 26. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis longifolia. B. A steroid glucosiduronic acid that is 2-methoxyestrone having a single beta-D-glucuronic acid residue attached at position 3. C. A pyrazoloquinoline that is 6-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline bearing an additional 2-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]amino substituent at position 4 D. A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,SCH51344,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77556 1_1_f2jmtos9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'product disposition'?","A. A disposition of a person involving the probability of experiencing a given disease over a defined time period. B. A disposition of a product. C. A disposition of a material entity or a process to cause addiction to it. D. A disposition inhering in a manufactured cigarette",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,product disposition,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001122 1_1_7it7q2pa,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'permafrost crater derived from a methane explosion'?","A. A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. B. A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. C. A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. D. A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,permafrost crater derived from a methane explosion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000089 1_1_wptrdfrf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'barrier jet'?","A. A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope. B. A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset, a duration of the order of minutes, and then a rather sudden decrease in speed. C. The diurnal cycle of local winds in a mountain valley during clear or mostly clear periods of weak synoptic flow. D. A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,barrier jet,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/BarrierJet 1_1_97ncjie8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Medial talocalcaneal ligament'?","A. Ligament of talocalcaneal joint, each instance of which is a fibrous band connecting the medial tubercle of some talus with the sustentaculum tali of some calcaneus. B. Organ with organ cavity, each instance of which has as its direct parts some vestibular labyrinth and cochlear labyrinth. Examples: There are only two membranous labyrinths, the right and the left. C. Ligament of talocalcaneal joint, each instance of which is a fibrous band in some sinus tarsi, passing between the opposed parts of some calcaneus and some talus; it lies deep or lateral to some bifurcate ligament. D. Ligament of talocalcaneal joint, each instance of which is a fibrous band passing from the lateral surface of somee talus to that of somee calcaneus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Medial talocalcaneal ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44285 1_1_6hiulsmq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Matooke moldability'?","A. The ratio of dry mass of belowground (root) to abovegrund (shoot) biomass B. Mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to remove material that sticks to the mouth C. Mechanical textural attribute relating to the degree to which a substance can be deformed before it breaks D. Mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to achieve a given deformation, penetration, or breakage of a product.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Matooke moldability,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0002048 1_1_xjnpccco,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'clerical fascism'?","A. A political ideology that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism and clericalism. B. A post-World War II political ideology which usually includes various fascist elements such as ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, and xenophobia. C. A theoretical political ideology in which an authoritarian government would require individuals to put environmental issues above all other interests. It is almost exclusively used as a rhetorical pejorative to undermine environmental movements. D. A form of fascism which incorporates some kind of religion.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,clerical fascism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002287 1_1_e4usdo1g,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'decreased efficiency'?","A. An decrease in humidity. B. An efficiency which is relatively low. C. A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. D. An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having efficiency.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,decreased efficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001675 1_1_a41rmevy,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Group'?","A. Property, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Process and common activity attributes, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. These are the elements that define the basic look-and-feel of BPMN. Most business processes will be modeled adequately with these elements C. A grouping of activities that does not affect the Sequence Flow. The grouping can be used for documentation or analysis purposes. Groups can also be used to identify the activities of a distributed transaction that is shown across Pools. D. A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail.",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Group,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#group 1_1_96nqlp1x,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'brain'?","A. A tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The human ear canal extends from the pinna to the eardrum and is about 26 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter. B. The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. C. An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. D. Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,brain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 1_1_pti98p5l,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'honor by association fallacy'?","A. An association fallacy in which a party is considered honorable based on an irrelevant association with another party. B. An association fallacy in which a party is considered guilty based on an irrelevant association with another party. C. A defective induction fallacy which asserts, by irrelevant association and often by appeal to emotion, that qualities of one thing are inherently qualities of another. D. A logical fallacy that asserts that if your ideas provoke the establishment to vilify or threaten you, you must be right.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,honor by association fallacy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010983 1_1_92nvnys1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette battery power'?","A. A disposition inhering in an e-cigarette battery. B. An e-cigarette battery disposition to transfer electrical energy in a circuit containing an atomiser. C. A cannabis user who uses cannabis products daily. D. A subjective affective feeling that is a strong feeling of desire or a strong feeling of urge.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette battery power,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001198 1_1_82ictdcl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete HTML report'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete HTML report,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000575 1_1_2rawd729,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(+)-vernolic acid'?","A. A member of the class of prostaglandins H that is prostaglandin H2 lacking the double bond at position 5. B. An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12R,13S)-configuration. C. An optically active form of vernolic acid having (12S,13R)-configuration. D. An oxylipin that is the (14S,15S)-epoxy derivative of (5Z,8Z,10E,12E)-icosa-5,8,10,12-tetraenoic acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(+)-vernolic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27706 1_1_c1z3iog8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'irregular connective tissue'?","A. Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. B. A portion of connective tissue that is part of a hip [Automatically generated definition]. C. Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. D. Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,irregular connective tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011821 1_1_o6590boy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of tumor necrosis factor production'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of tumor necrosis factor production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032680 1_1_fojika60,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ozone layer'?","A. An atmospheric layer which 1) is located above the planetary boundary layer, 2) in which the effect of friction between moving air masses and the planetary surface is negligible, and 3) in which the air is usually treated (dynamically) as an ideal fluid. B. The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. C. The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. D. The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT)",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ozone layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000542 1_1_7jxlh65w,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Propositional_Attitude'?","A. A propositional attitude connects a person (the holder of the attitude) to some proposition, in fact it expresses some qualification over the proposition. Distinguishing a proposition from the propositional content expressed by it is necessary when properties relating to the thing expressed and properties of the expression itself must be distinguished. For LKIF the distinction between Belief, Intention, Qualification, and Observation is relevant. The distinction between belief/expectation, intention, and observation is relevant for i.a. establishing mens rea (guilty mind). The distinction between beliefs (expressing the content of the mind of an agent) and statements (expressing the content of an act of communication by an agent) is classical. B. Intention is where the agent expects certain consequences of his or her actions and desires those consequences to occur. This concept must be related to qualification and preference in some way. C. A communictated attitude is a propositional attitude involved in an act of communication. D. A feeling of wanting",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Propositional_Attitude,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Propositional_Attitude 1_1_d6qxas88,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Extension of eyebrows towards upper eyelid'?","A. Regional increase in the width (height) of the eyebrow. B. The eyebrows extend towards - or even all the way down to - the margin of the upper eyelid. C. Regional increase in the width (height) of the lateral eyebrow. D. Regional increase in the width (height) of the middle portion of the eyebrow.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Extension of eyebrows towards upper eyelid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010731 1_1_yaep3w6x,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''CAMERA''?","A. This package contains an implementation of the S-Score algorithm B. Reverse engineering of molecular regulatory networks with qp-graphs C. Two options are added to the LPE algorithm. The original LPE method sets all variances below the max variance in the ordered distribution of variances to the maximum variance. in LPEadj this option is turned off by default. The second option is to use a variance adjustment based on sample size rather than pi/2. By default the LPEadj uses the sample size based variance adjustment. D. Annotation of peaklists generated by xcms, rule based annotation of isotopes and adducts, EIC correlation based tagging of unknown adducts and fragments",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'CAMERA',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100053 1_1_nxo5m8b0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disorder by anatomical region'?","A. A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. B. Any abnormality, anatomical or biochemical, evident at birth or during the neonatal period. C. An active inflammatory process affecting the liver for more than six months. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drugs, and metabolic disorders. D. A broad grouping of diseases based on major body subdivisions.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,disorder by anatomical region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024505 1_1_ev1l1yu7,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'HypoCarnivores'?","A. their diet diet consists of at least 30 pct meat. practically can be considered to be omnivores... B. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended C. their diet diet consists of at least 50 pct meat D. their diet diet consists of at least 70 pct meat",A,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,HypoCarnivores,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#HypoCarnivores 1_1_q8by5p3c,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'right dorsal thalamus'?","A. An auditory cortex that is in the right side of a brain. B. A lower first secondary premolar tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. C. A dorsal thalamus that is in_the_right_side_of a diencephalon. D. One of a series of plates on each side of the carapace, forming two rows between the peripheral plates and the median neural plates.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,right dorsal thalamus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013684 1_1_6pk5oe7w,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary phloem sieve tube element'?","A. A sieve tube element that is part of a portion of secondary phloem . B. A sieve element that is part of a sieve tube and has as parts sieve areas aggregated into sieve plates . C. A sieve element that is part of a portion of primary phloem . D. A sieve tube element that is part of a portion of primary phloem .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,primary phloem sieve tube element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025455 1_1_ov8p2hjm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lemon sign'?","A. Abnormal appearance or non-visualization (apparent absence) of the nasal bone of a fetus in first trimester sonographic screening. Assessment of the fetal nasal bone is generally performed at 11-14 weeks gestational age. B. The lemon sign refers to the shape of the fetal skull at ultrasonography (US) when the frontal bones lose their normal convex contour and appear flattened or inwardly scalloped. This gives the skull a shape that is said to resemble a lemon.. The sign is seen on transverse sonograms of the fetal cranium obtained at the level of the ventricles. C. A short femur length is defined as either a measurement below the 2.5th percentile for gestational age or a measurement that is less than 0.9 of that predicted by the measured biparietal diameter. The femur should be measured with the bone perpendicular to the ultrasound beam and with epiphyseal cartilages visible but not included in the measurement (PMID:16100637). D. An anomalous structural finding of the fetal skeleton. Terms in this subhierarchy are restricted to findings that can only be observed in the prenatal period. Other terms from the skeletal hierarchy can also be used to describe fetal phenotypes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Lemon sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032269 1_1_yrpdgj9w,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A categorical value specification that is a histologic grade assigned to a tumor slide specimen according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th Edition grading system. B. A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories C. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life). D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of colon cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,histologic grade according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002205 1_1_ekgii6bw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'p wave'?","A. Body waves are seismic waves that travel through the lithosphere. Two kinds of body waves exist: P-waves and S-waves. B. Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel. They include waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave. Mechanical longitudinal waves have been also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves C. P waves are longitudinal or compressional waves, which means that the ground is alternately compressed and dilated in the direction of propagation. In solids these waves generally travel slightly less than twice as fast as S waves and can travel through any type of material. In air, these pressure waves take the form of sound waves, hence they travel at the speed of sound. Typical speeds are 330 m/s in air, 1450 m/s in water and about 5000 m/s in granite. P waves are sometimes called primary waves. When generated by an earthquake they are less destructive than the S waves and surface waves that follow them, due to their lesser amplitudes. D. S waves are transverse or shear waves, which means that the ground is displaced perpendicularly to the direction of propagation. In the case of horizontally polarized S waves, the ground moves alternately to one side and then the other. S waves can travel only through solids, as fluids (liquids and gases) do not support shear stresses. Their speed is about 60% of that of P waves in a given material. S waves are sometimes called secondary waves, and are several times larger in amplitude than P waves for earthquake sources.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,p wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolSeismicity/PWave 1_1_hg2go54b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'partner of nonbinary person'?","A. A person whose partner is a transfeminine person. B. A person whose partner is a nonbinary person. C. A person whose partner is a transmasculine person. D. The romantic and/or sexual partner of a transgender person.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,partner of nonbinary person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001981 1_1_mjqi2yrj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Latina woman'?","A. Persons, usually in the United States, who identify as Latina; broadly, all Latin American women. In this context, persons from countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish, Portuguese, and French are predominantly spoken; it is broader than the terms Iberian or Hispanic. B. A Black person who is female. C. Latine persons categorized by gender. D. A woman of color who is bisexual.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Latina woman,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001825 1_1_xfwsth4d,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete RMA+'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete RMA+,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000341 1_1_do7r2iv1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'increased volume'?","A. A thickness which is relatively high. B. The volume of some evapotranspiration. C. A volume which is relatively high. D. The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,increased volume,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000595 1_1_t0ipercv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'inland sea breeze'?","A. A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M. B. A warm, moist sea breeze from the south that sets in at midday in Provence, France, south of Mount Ventoux. In the Roussillon region the midday south wind (mitgjorn) is irregular and generally light, and is dry after crossing the Pyrenees. C. A sea breeze of Naples in Italy. D. A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,inland sea breeze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/InlandSeaBreeze 1_1_6p1g050a,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco-specific nitrosamine'?","A. 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-one (CHEBI:32692) is a nitrosamine (CHEBI:35803). B. N-Nitroso amines, compounds of the structure R2NNO. Compounds RNHNO are not ordinarily isolable, but they, too, are nitrosamines. The name is a contraction of N-nitrosoamine and, as such, does not require the N locant. C. A member of the class of nitrosamines that is butan-1-ol substituted by a pyridin-3-yl group at position 1 and by a methyl(nitroso)amino group at position 4. It is a major metabolite of nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which is a carcinogen found in tobacco and responsible for inducing lung cancer in smokers. D. A nitrosamine which derives from tobacco products and tobacco smoke.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco-specific nitrosamine,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000313 1_1_g891scok,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anti-U11/U12 RNP antibody positivity'?","A. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against U11/U12 RNP. B. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against Ki. C. Presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) autoantibodies. LA represent a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies, IgG, IgM, or a mixture of both classes, that interfere with standard phospholipid-based coagulant tests (this is only an in vitro phenomenon, LA do not cause reduction of coagulation in vivo). The antibodies are directed against plasma proteins which also bind to phospholipid surfaces. D. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against Ge-1.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anti-U11/U12 RNP antibody positivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034087 1_1_mrdyyzi1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Oral orifice'?","A. Anatomical orifice which is anterior to vestibule of mouth; surrounded by vermilion complex. B. Anatomical orifice, each instance of which is a communication between some scala tympani and scala vestibuli at the apex of some cochlea. C. Anatomical orifice, each instance of which is opening at the posteroinferior end of some sacral canal formed by failure of the laminae of some fifth and sometimes some fourth sacral vertebrae to meet in the midline. D. Anatomical conduit space that connects two adjacent body spaces, surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs or organ parts. Examples: right atrioventricular orifice, orifice of artery, hilum of kidney, porta hepatis.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Oral orifice,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59806 1_1_75fj7pqc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic chronic kidney disease'?","A. Type 1 diabetes (body cannot break down sugars very easily) with unspecified complications B. a chronic medical condition in which sugar, or glucose, levels build up in your bloodstream. In type 2 diabetes, your body's cells aren't able to respond to insulin as well as they should. C. blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. With type 2 diabetes, the more common type, your body does not make or use insulin well. D. Cataracts (cloudy area in the lens of your eye) caused by type 2 diabetes",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic chronic kidney disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000482 1_1_q4f8vx6j,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphenoid sinusitis'?","A. A sinusitis which involves infection of ethmoid sinuses that causes pain or pressure behind and between the eyes, tearing, and headache over the forehead. B. A sinusitis which involves infection of sphenoid sinuses that causes pain or pressure behind the eyes, but often refers to the vertex of the head. C. A sphenoid sinusitis which lasts for 12 weeks or more. D. A sphenoid sinusitis which lasts for less than 4 weeks.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,sphenoid sinusitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10794 1_1_b91j0tax,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide'?","A. A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid obtained by oxidative dimerisation of homocysteine and its derivatives. B. A sulfur-containing amino acid obtained by the oxidation of two cysteine molecules which are then linked via a disulfide bond. C. A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. D. An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53239 1_1_yq1ttags,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'crack cocaine'?","A. An liquid that is oil based and contains cannabinoids. B. Cocaine that has been heated, purified, concentrated, and compressed into smokeable, pebble-sized crystals. C. An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. D. A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,crack cocaine,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000792 1_1_7kbx7426,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Otalgia, unspecified ear'?","A. lower respiratoy tract infection that causes reversible bronchia inflammation B. A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. C. Pain in the inner or outer ear that may interfere with ability to hear, often caused by excess fluid and infection. D. Pneumococcal disease is caused by common bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae) that can attack different parts of the body. When these bacteria invade the lungs, they can cause pneumonia; when they invade the bloodstream, they can cause sepsis; and when they invade the covering of the brain, they can cause meningitis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Otalgia, unspecified ear",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000011 1_1_nwcpvrqh,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluid overload'?","A. Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body. B. A condition in which the blood is too acidic. C. symptoms, signs, abnormal results of clinical or other investigative procedures, and ill-defined conditions regarding which no diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded. D. Disorders in the processing, absorption, transport, storage, and utilization of phosphorus in the body",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,fluid overload,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000557 1_1_8cloqxq3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine transdermal patch'?","A. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a tablet which slowly dissolves in the mouth. B. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine through the skin by use of an adhesive patch. C. A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking. D. A nicotine replacement therapy product that delivers nicotine orally by a chewing gum.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine transdermal patch,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000263 1_1_c2riki0e,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'floral organ abscission zone'?","A. An abscission zone that forms as a swelling or joint on a flower pedicel . B. An abscission zone at the base of a fruit where the fruit separates from a fruit pedicel during fruit abscission . C. An abscission zone at the base of a flower where a floral organ separates during floral organ abscission . D. An abscission zone that forms as a swelling or joint on a fruit pedicel .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,floral organ abscission zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006502 1_1_r0g2irnr,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anatomical line'?","A. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has two spatial dimensions. Examples: body surface, epigastrium, precordium, right iliac fossa. B. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has zero spatial dimension. Examples: Apex of lung, vertex, mentale, McBurney's point. C. Immaterial anatomical entity of one less dimension than the anatomical entity it bounds or demarcates from another anatomical entity. Examples: surface of heart, surface of epithelial cell, cervicothoracic plane, supra-orbital notch, costal margin, apex beat, Sylvian point. D. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has one spatial dimension. Examples: margin of tongue, posterior border of right lung, inferior margin of liver, arcuate line of hip bone, sulcus terminalis of heart, pancreatic incisure.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anatomical line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9657 1_1_8iabowh9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lagophthalmos'?","A. A condition in which the eyelids do not close to cover the eye completely. B. Eyelid partly covered by skin when eyes are open. C. With the eyes in primary position, the sclera is visible above the superior corneal limbus. D. An adhesion between the conjunctiva of the eyelid and the cornea.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Lagophthalmos,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030001 1_1_cxm70c9s,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'leveche'?","A. A hot, sand- and dust-laden wind from between southeast and southwest that blows in front of a depression on the southeast coast of Spain but extends only a few miles inland. B. (Often contracted nor'wester.) A northwesterly wind (as Canterbury northwester). C. A persistent east wind in the Adriatic, usually bringing cloudy weather. D. A moderate to strong southwest wind in Provence (southeastern France), mild, humid, and very cloudy or rainy. On the coast it raises a rough sea. It is not frequent, occurring only in March. In the Swiss? French Alps it is locally termed labech, and is squally with thunder, hail, and brief torrential downpours; it comes mainly in autumn and winter.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,leveche,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Leveche 1_1_gxvvc3a2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'historian'?","A. Research and analyze policy developments related to climate change. Make climate-related recommendations for actions such as legislation, awareness campaigns, or fundraising approaches. B. Research the distribution, circulation, and physical properties of underground and surface waters; and study the form and intensity of precipitation and its rate of infiltration into the soil, movement through the earth, and return to the ocean and atmosphere. C. Provide inpatient care predominantly in settings such as medical wards, acute care units, intensive care units, rehabilitation centers, or emergency rooms. Manage and coordinate patient care throughout treatment. D. Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as recorded in sources, such as government and institutional records, newspapers and other periodicals, photographs, interviews, films, electronic media, and unpublished manuscripts, such as personal diaries and letters.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,historian,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19309300 1_1_qdke5bq2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'food product by organism'?","A. A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. B. A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. C. A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition) D. Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,food product by organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002381 1_1_si6whsky,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'machinist'?","A. Fabricate, position, align, and fit parts of structural metal products. B. Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments out of metal. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures. C. Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine cause of fires and explosions. D. Conduct field studies to determine traffic volume, speed, effectiveness of signals, adequacy of lighting, and other factors influencing traffic conditions, under direction of traffic engineer.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,machinist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51404100 1_1_cxtyuubk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia due to SARS-associated coronavirus'?","A. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system. Contagious and hard to treat. B. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system caused by SARS-CoV-2 C. a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus D. Inflammation of the lung that is caused by viral infection; causes air sacs in lungs to fill up with fluid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pneumonia due to SARS-associated coronavirus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000159 1_1_df2ikzg3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence axis'?","A. A shoot axis that develops in an unusual place. B. A shoot axis that is part of an infructescence . C. A shoot axis that is part of an inflorescence . D. A plant axis that is part of a shoot system .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020122 1_1_t3gcl7uj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal substantia nigra morphology'?","A. A structural anomaly of the substantia nigra, which is a midbrain dopaminergic nucleus which has a critical role in modulating motor movement and reward functions as part of the basal ganglia circuitry. B. Reduced volume of pars compacta of the substantia nigra. C. The face of the giant panda sign on T2-weighted MRI is characterized by preservation of normal signal intensity in the red nuclei and lateral portion of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra, high signal in the tegmentum, and hypointensity of the superior colliculus. The findings are said to resemble the face of a giant panda. D. Abnormality of the striatum, which is the largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, comprising the caudate, putamen and ventral striatum, including the nucleus accumbens.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal substantia nigra morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0045007 1_1_elfaprrw,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Virtuosity'?","A. Veteran achievement is an award that is given for accumulating a lot of play hours or game actions. For example, Veteran could be playing thousand hours of World of Tanks or making 100 goals in ice hockey game. B. SpecialPlayStyle achievement is awarded to players after playing a game in special fashion. Often this is something harder than the regular play and requires more player experience to excel in it. An example of SpecialPlayStyle could be to complete a game without any violence or against a timer. C. HardMode achievement describes succeeding in a game on a high difficulty level. An example could be completing the “Doom” game on Nightmare difficulty level. D. Virtuosity describes an achievement that is awarded for playing masterfully in the game. Examples of virtuous play could be finishing the game without saving at all, dying zero times or preventing an opposing team from scoring any goals in a soccer game.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Virtuosity,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Virtuosity 1_1_l4hh19h6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geographer'?","A. Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling conditions. B. Study the nature and use of areas of the Earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants, and animals, and conduct research on the spatial implications of human activities within a given area, including social characteristics, economic activities, and political organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions at scales ranging from local to global. C. Teach courses in political science, international affairs, and international relations. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. May study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,geographer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19309200 1_1_i6ksd4zu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling strong'?","A. A subjective affective feeling of being at ease, comfortable, relaxed. B. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume water. C. A subjective affective feeling of being wide awake, alert, having active attention and perception. D. A subjective affective feeling of strength, capability, energy and capacity to do things.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling strong,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000118 1_1_wup1jz0u,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-vascular leaf development stage'?","A. A vascular system that is part of a plant embryo . B. A phyllome development stage during which the development of vascular leaves and non-vascular leaves occurs. C. A leaf development stage that occurs during the interval between the onset of the vascular leaf initiation stage and the termination of the vascular leaf senescent stage . D. A leaf development stage that has as a primary participant a non-vascular leaf .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,non-vascular leaf development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025573 1_1_0ipxwiz7,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of insulin secretion'?","A. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of prolactin secretion.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of insulin secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032024 1_1_8zuaq5hh,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nasway'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco (often zarda or surti) are combined with a mix of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and flavorings such as peppermint, cardamom to form a wet mixture. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nasway,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000990 1_1_d8u1q34m,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventricle of nervous system'?","A. A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord. B. General anatomical term which refers to a chamber of an organ with cavitated organ parts. Examples: right ventricle of heart, lateral ventricle of brain. C. one of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid D. Cell component which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ventricle of nervous system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005358 1_1_j5dafuj2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in synaptic transmission. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector function such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector function such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kainate selective glutamate receptor activity.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098962 1_1_y1oxirvq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'isthmus of cingulate gyrus'?","A. A tissue that is part of a cavity of feather shaft. B. Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the posterior division of the cingulate cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial wall (area unknown) and the precuneus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). C. A part of the epithalamus present in some animal species. The eye may be photoreceptive and is usually associated with the pineal gland, regulating circadian rhythmicity and hormone production for thermoregulation. The parietal eye is a part of the epithalamus, which can be divided into two major parts; the epiphysis (the pineal organ, or pineal gland if mostly endocrine) and the parietal organ (often called the parietal eye, or third eye if it is photoreceptive). It arises as an anterior evagination of the pineal organ or as a separate outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon. In some species, it protrudes through the skull.[4] The parietal eye uses a different biochemical method of detecting light than rod cells or cone cells in a normal vertebrate eye[WP]. D. Dorsal margin of the maxilla between the frontal and zygomatico-maxillary processes.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,isthmus of cingulate gyrus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002738 1_1_conr4mct,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Meier-Gorlin syndrome 4'?","A. A Meier-Gorlin syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ORC1 gene on chromosome 1p32. B. A Meier-Gorlin syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CDC6 gene on chromosome 17q21. C. A Meier-Gorlin syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CDT1 gene on chromosome 16q24. D. A syndrome that is characterized by bilateral underdevelopment of the external ear, short stature, absent or underdeveloped patellae and severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Meier-Gorlin syndrome 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080515 1_1_ghczxi5k,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'shampooer'?","A. Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. May use electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. May process credit or debit card transactions and validate checks. B. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines to crush, grind, or polish materials, such as coal, glass, grain, stone, food, or rubber. D. Shampoo and rinse customers' hair.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,shampooer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39509300 1_1_4hsedfqq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'miRNApath'?","A. Uniform interfaces to machine learning code for data in Bioconductor containers B. Tools to integrate, annotate, and link phenotypes to cellular organizational units such as protein complexes and pathways. C. This package provides pathway enrichment techniques for miRNA expression data. Specifically, the set of methods handles the many-to-many relationship between miRNAs and the multiple genes they are predicted to target (and thus affect.) It also handles the gene-to-pathway relationships separately. Both steps are designed to preserve the additive effects of miRNAs on genes, many miRNAs affecting one gene, one miRNA affecting multiple genes, or many miRNAs affecting many genes. D. microRNA is a software package which provides data resources for microRNAs and various functions for manipulating them.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,miRNApath,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000622 1_1_ncw1aepm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'social space'?","A. Nonverbal communication in which time plays a role. B. A place that is generally open and accessible to people. Roads (including the pavement), public squares, parks and beaches are typically considered public space. To a limited extent, government buildings which are open to the public, such as public libraries are public spaces, although they tend to have restricted areas and greater limits upon use. Although not considered public space, privately owned buildings or property visible from sidewalks and public thoroughfares may affect the public visual landscape, for example, by outdoor advertising. C. The physical world or reality, as opposed to cyberspace or virtual reality. D. Physical or virtual space such as a social center, online social media, or other gathering place where people gather and interact. Some social spaces such as town squares or parks are public places; others such as pubs, websites, or shopping malls are privately owned and regulated.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,social space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008188 1_1_sfgzzedk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pathways 2.01 software'?","A. The background intensity data from the spot quantification programs may be used to correct spot intensity. This software measures background globally as: BGLow (low background), BGAvg (Average background), BGRms (root mean square background). B. Sequence Alignment and Modeling System, a collection of flexible software tools for creating, refining, and using linear hidden Markov models for biological sequence analysis. C. Versarray ChipReader systems are highly sensitive laser confocal systems designed for rapid imaging of microarrays. These are advanced scanners that meet your expectations, differentiating between a spot response and background level, and optimizing the signal on the bottom as well as the top end of the range for increased sensitivity. Results with versarray chipreader systems have a low background, enhanced weak signal detection, and virtually no photobleaching for a long dye lifetime. D. Fujifilm ArrayGauge™ software is specifically designed for Macroarray and Microarray samples, with all the practical functions necessary for the most powerful array analysis. Its ultra-friendly navigation and functions can handle any kind of array (CLONTECH, Genome Systems, Research Genetics - even hand-made arrays). It already includes virtually every contemporary cDNA membrane template on the market, with the flexibility to handle others as they develop.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Pathways 2.01 software,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000324 1_1_cr4487m2,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. B. A feeling of desire that involves anticipated pleasure or satisfaction from an imagined state of affairs. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. D. The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044520 1_1_i28drbzj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute gonococcal endometritis'?","A. An acute endometritis that is caused by gonorrhea. B. A syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by intellectual disability, truncal obesity, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, dysmorphic facial features, and short stature that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the LAS1L gene on chromosome Xq12. C. An endometritis that is characterized by onset within the past 1 - 3 days. D. An eyelid disease that is characterized by abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction caused by the lateral displacement of the medial canthi of the eyelids.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute gonococcal endometritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7527 1_1_lpk39ldg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'nudge'?","A. R support for SBML, using libsbml B. Package for normalizing microarray data in single and multiple replicate experiments and fitting a normal-uniform mixture to detect differentially expressed genes in the cases where the two samples are being compared directly or indirectly (via a common reference sample) C. Uniform interfaces to machine learning code for data in Bioconductor containers D. Multivariate data analysis and graphical display of microarray data. Functions include between group analysis and coinertia analysis. It contains functions that require ADE4.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,nudge,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000636 1_1_pcom7w8w,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'programmed cell death involved in cell development'?","A. A developmental process that results in the discharge of ascospores from the ascus. Ascospore release may be active or passive. B. The process in which the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death. C. The cellular developmental process by which a cell establishes the intrinsic character of a cell or tissue region irreversibly committing it to a particular fate. D. The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,programmed cell death involved in cell development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010623 1_1_4pqq7v3t,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete RNAither'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete RNAither,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000347 1_1_nji0vua0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'premaxilla articular process'?","A. A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells. B. A bony buttress on the inner surface of the foremost part of the ape mandible, functioning to reinforce the mandible. C. Pharyngeal arch bone immediately posterior to the ascending process, the medial surface of which articulates with the anterior end of the maxillary. D. Small hooked process on the dorsal aspect of the humeral shaft; it does not extend on to the glenoid head. The m subscapularis is inserted on it.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,premaxilla articular process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4500016 1_1_l8vq8mp3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion of vascular tissue'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the outermost layer of endosperm in a seed , its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies . B. A portion of plant tissue that has as part one or more tracheary elements or sieve elements . C. A portion of plant tissue that is a flap-like projection of the coleorhiza , inserted opposite the scutellum . D. A portion of plant tissue outside the vascular cambium or the xylem ; in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,portion of vascular tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009015 1_1_ap0e4vpy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'xcms'?","A. This package finds optimal sets of genes that seperate samples into two or more classes. B. Framework for processing and visualization of chromatographically separated and single-spectra mass spectral data. Imports from AIA/ANDI NetCDF, mzXML, and mzData files. Preprocesses data for high-throughput, untargeted analyte profiling. C. Builds platform design information packages. These consist of a SQLite database containing feature-level data such as x, y position on chip and featureSet ID. The database also incorporates featureSet-level annotation data. The products of this packages are used by the oligo pkg. D. Contains functions and classes that are needed by arrayCGH packages.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,xcms,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000729 1_1_wqhu1su4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fiber length by number'?","A. Arealometer AH measures specific area, which is an arealometer A determined at high pressure B. The difference in mass, expressed as a percentage of the fed stock and delivered stock C. Using AFIS to measure the mean length of fibers calculated by weight D. The immaturity ratio is a dimensionless number which describes a physical characteristic of the fiber cross section",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fiber length by number,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000528 1_1_6wg19xeu,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluconazole transport'?","A. The directed movement of choline into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. B. The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of fluconazole into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections. D. The directed movement of branched-chain amino acids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Branched-chain amino acids are amino acids with a branched carbon skeleton without rings.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,fluconazole transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015903 1_1_xqeyi42c,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'opening eyes widely'?","A. A facial expression behaviour in which the person frowns. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are opened widely. C. A facial expression behaviour in which the jaw drops. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the person smiles.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,opening eyes widely,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000132 1_1_8w7n80a6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'follow-up period'?","A. A temporal region during which a follow-up occurs. B. The temporal extent that a behavioural process projects into. C. especially one of the three months of gestation into which a human pregnancy is divided. D. A temporal region between a research activity and a follow-up.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,follow-up period,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000167 1_1_x87wm1qv,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'melanopsin (mouse)'?","A. A perforin-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. B. A lymphocyte antigen 6C2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. C. A carbonic anhydrase 3 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. D. A melanopsin that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,melanopsin (mouse),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q9QXZ9 1_1_exvaei9f,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice surface'?","A. A layer in the middle or upper troposphere in widespread precipitation in which ice crystals form in small convective cells and fall to lower altitudes. B. _:756 C. Level of free convection D. The top of the mesosphere and the base of the thermosphere. The mesopause is usually located at heights of 85?95 km, and is the site of the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere. Temperatures as low as 100 K (- 173?C) have been measured at the mesopause by rockets. See atmospheric shell.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ice surface,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceSurface 1_1_jipd249x,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycoprotein metabolic process. D. A process in which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral glycoprotein metabolic process.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903019 1_1_ayer63vx,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Work Subdivision'?","A. Any distinct intellectual creation (i.e., the intellectual content), in the context of ELI. The substance of Work is ideas. B. Works that have other works as members. The members of a Complex Work may constitute alternatives to or derivatives of other members of the same Complex Work. Typically the members of the complex work represent the successive temporal versions of an act, while the complex work represents the act independantly of one of its version. C. A component of a work, at an arbitrary level of precision. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of. D. A work in a legislative corpus. This applies to acts that have been legally enacted (whether or not they are still in force). For example, the abstract concept of the legal resource; e.g. ""act 3 of 2005"" (adapted from Akoma Ntoso) A legal resource can represent a legal act or any component of a legal act, like an article. Legal resources can be linked together using properties defined in the model. Note that ELI ontology accommodates different point of view on what should be considered a new legal resource, or a new legal expression of the same resource. Typically, a consolidated version can be viewed, in the context of ELI, either as separate legal resource (linked to original version and previous consolidated version using corresponding ELI relations), or as a different legal expression of the same legal resource.",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Work Subdivision,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#WorkSubdivision 1_1_z05o3l46,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rail transportation worker, all other'?","A. Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites. B. Inspect and monitor transportation equipment, vehicles, or systems to ensure compliance with regulations and safety standards. C. All rail transportation workers not listed separately. D. Teach academic and social skills to students at the elementary school level.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"rail transportation worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53409900 1_1_5wymgm8z,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Event Based Exclusive Gateway'?","A. Event Based Exclusive Gateway B. Transaction, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Sub-Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. A Sub-Process is a compound activity that is included within a Process. It is compound in that it can be broken down into a finer level of detail (a Process) through a set of sub-activities. D. Complex Gateway",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Event Based Exclusive Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#event_based_exclusive_gateway 1_1_spt2myl8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pericardium'?","A. Organ cluster which consists of either maxilla or mandible, set of periodontia and dentition. B. Organ cluster which has as its direct parts the fibrous pericardium and the pericardial sac. C. Organ cluster which has as its parts a collection of lactiferous glands and surrounding stroma. D. Organ cluster of muscle organs in the anterior compartment of thigh.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pericardium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9869 1_1_td9fv80q,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute myeloid leukemia with maturation'?","A. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by primary differentiation to basophils. B. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the presence of abnormal bone marrow eosinophils and the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22), which results in the expression of the fusion protein CBFB-MYH11. C. A childhood acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. D. An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by blasts with evidence of significant maturation in the neutrophilic lineage.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute myeloid leukemia with maturation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081087 1_1_cluzj7h5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'generalization specification'?","A. Generalization specification of a directive informational entity class that specifies the type of generalization. It includes information about the types of data used to produced the generalization and the language in which the generalization is expressed. B. An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. C. A ensemble of generalizations specification is a generalization specification and denotes a type of generalization that is produced by a ensemble algorithm. This algorithm produces a set of generalizations at its output. D. A source code module is a directive information entity that specifies, using a programming language, some algorithm.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,generalization specification,http://kt.ijs.si/panovp/OntoDM#OntoDM_000034 1_1_c7npcrel,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf Biomass yield at harvest - Measurement'?","A. Measure length of the peduncle to the first primary branch of panicle. B. Measure the length of the internode from the top of the bottom node to the bottom of the top node C. Record Leaf Biomass weight after harvest. D. Determination of Potassium content by using nitric acid digestion method (AAS & ICP-OES).",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf Biomass yield at harvest - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000443 1_1_osr832fp,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Man-1-6-Ins-1-P-Cer(d20:0)'?","A. A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide having a hexacosanoyl group attached to the ceramide nitrogen, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base or on the very-long-chain fatty acid. B. A class of complex phosphoglycosphingolipids with a mannose-inositol-P head group. As with other ceramide derivatives, substituents R(1) and R(2) vary with different sphingoid bases and fatty acyl moieties. C. A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide compound having a tetracosanoyl group amide-linked to a C20 sphinganine base, with no hydroxylation at C-4 of the long-chain base or on the very-long-chain fatty acid. D. A mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide in which the sphingoid moiety is specified as C20 dihydroceramide.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Man-1-6-Ins-1-P-Cer(d20:0),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139444 1_1_lq6zzwyw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tissue morphogenesis'?","A. Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb joint are generated and organized. A limb joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a limb to allow movement in a controlled manner. C. The process in which a Peyer's patch is generated and organized. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tissue morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048729 1_1_6uteb71w,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'endothelial cell of arteriole of lymph node'?","A. Any endothelial cell that is part of some renal efferent arteriole. B. An endothelial cell that lines the interior surface of the afferent arteriole and maintains vascular tone. This cell responds to changing ion concentrations and blood pressure by releasing vasoactive substances, in order to regulate blood flow into the glomeruli, which is essential for glomerular filtration. C. A(n) endothelial cell that is part of a(n) arteriole of lymph node. D. An endothelial cell that is part of the arteriole.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,endothelial cell of arteriole of lymph node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033001 1_1_p0aup7ni,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuropsychologist'?","A. Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals. B. Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention. C. Communicate and coordinate with management, shareholders, customers, and employees to address sustainability issues. Enact or oversee a corporate sustainability strategy. D. Apply theories and principles of neuropsychology to evaluate and diagnose disorders of higher cerebral functioning, often in research and medical settings. Study the human brain and the effect of physiological states on human cognition and behavior. May formulate and administer programs of treatment.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,neuropsychologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19303902 1_1_hjwhg5gb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'ether'?","A. A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. B. Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. C. Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. D. An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,ether,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25698 1_1_8lray3d1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis tuber axillary vegetative bud'?","A. An axillary bud that develops into a shoot system that has as organ parts only vegetative organs. B. An axillary vegetative bud that is not elongated, in which the vascular leaves develop as spine leaves . C. A tuber axillary vegetative bud that is part of a subterranean tuber. D. An axillary vegetative bud that is part of a shoot axis tuber .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis tuber axillary vegetative bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025040 1_1_jblxa2qf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'decision tree induction objective'?","A. A partitioning objective is a data transformation objective where the aim is to generate a collection of disjoint non-empty subsets whose union equals a non-empty input set. B. A decision tree induction objective is a data transformation objective in which a tree-like graph of edges and nodes is created and from which the selection of each branch requires that some type of logical decision is made. C. A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. D. A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,decision tree induction objective,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000704 1_1_uju0hei4,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'daydreaming'?","A. Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. B. a mental process that involves the manipulation of mental language and/or mental images C. the process whereby relevant aspects of our mental experience are focused on specific targets D. Short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings, during which a person's contact with reality is blurred and partially substituted by a visionary fantasy, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions, imagined as coming to pass, and experienced while awake.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,daydreaming,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000059 1_1_a7aduhzq,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'permanent spring'?","A. A spring through which water with a neutral pH flows. B. A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. C. A spring whose flow is continuous. D. A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,permanent spring,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000205 1_1_0u6gquhy,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Paper'?","A. A plastic of which a supply item is composed. B. A binding method or material used to bind the pages of a comic. C. A material or medium of which an object is composed. D. A paper stock on which a comic is printed.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Paper,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Paper 1_1_vkueexuy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'blood island'?","A. Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. B. The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. C. Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. D. Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted].",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,blood island,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003061 1_1_ui7x01bp,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'reaction time'?","A. The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects. B. The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated. C. The ability to see details at a distance. D. The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,reaction time,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000094 1_1_b0enp98u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pancreas'?","A. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate via a duct system with the duodenum. Examples: There is only one pancreas. B. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which has as its parts glandular acini which are continuous with the prostatic part of the urethra. Examples: There is only one prostate. C. Ectopic thyroid gland which is located in the vicinity of the thyroid gland proper without any direct connection with it. D. Lobular organ, each instance of which has some pulmonary acinus as its essential morphological unit. Eaxmple: There are right and left lungs.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pancreas,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7198 1_1_0zo3sc3s,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pediatric association'?","A. A trade association that brings together practitioners of a particular geographical area (a country, region, province). In common-law countries, they are often grouped by medical specialties (cardiologists, family doctors, etc.). B. Professional associations formed of and for pediatricians. C. Professional associations formed of and for psychiatrists. D. Professional associations formed of and for those in the area of minority health.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pediatric association,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005391 1_1_4jls7k5o,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypogastrium'?","A. Subdivision of abdomen which is demarcated from the pelvis by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture. Examples: There is only one abdomen proper. B. Subdivision of abdomen, each instance of which is the middle portion of the most inferior region of some abdomen, located inferior to some umbilical region and between two inguinal regions. C. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart. D. *Anatomical line of skin, the course, of which, is modulated by the action of underlying muscles.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hypogastrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14602 1_1_awqupk3q,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'moving towards people'?","A. A bodily movement behaviour which involves abrupt movements. B. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, away from people (avoidance). C. A bodily movement behaviour which involves remaining still. D. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, towards people (approach).",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,moving towards people,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000136 1_1_1xxqhrzk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hot water epilepsy'?","A. A reflex epilepsy that is characterized by seizures triggered by the stimulus of bathing with hot water poured over the head. B. A hot water epilepsy that has_material_basis_in a susceptibility locus for hot water epilepsy (HWE1) mapped to chromosome 10q21.3-q22.3. C. A variable age at onset electroclinical syndrome that is consistently induced by identifiable and objective-specific triggers, which may be an afferent stimulus or by the patient's own activity. D. A hot water epilepsy that has_material_basis_in linkage to chromosome 4q24-q28.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hot water epilepsy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081104 1_1_7492obxm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'geroderma osteodysplasticum'?","A. A syndrome disease that is characterized by glomerulonephritis, endstage kidney disease, and hearing loss. B. A syndrome characterized by skeletal dysplasia (broad ilia, elongated femoral necks with coxa valga, scoliosis), mild platyspondyly, short trunked short stature, and amelogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 3 gene (LTBP3) on chromosome 11q13. C. A syndrome characterized by craniofacial (prominent occiputal and forehead, hypertelorism, ocular coloboma, cleft palate), cerebellar (Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia) and cardiac (tetralogy of Fallot, atrial and ventricular septal defects) anomalies. D. A syndrome characterized by lax and wrinkled skin, progeroid features, hip dislocation, joint laxity, severe short stature/dwarfism, severe osteoporosis, vertebral abnormalities and spontaneous fractures, and developmental delay and mild intellectual deficit that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GORAB on 1q24.2.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,geroderma osteodysplasticum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111266 1_1_9qy82p6q,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'd layer'?","A. The solid inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel.[Wikipedia] B. The mantle is divided into sections based upon results from seismology. The upper mantle is the region from 33–410 km (20 to 254 miles). The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust. [Wikipedia] C. Very little is known about the lower mantle apart from that it appears to be relatively seismically homogeneous. The lower mantle is under tremendous pressure and therefore has a higher viscosity than the upper mantle.[Wikipedia] D. D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,d layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/DLayer 1_1_9vyvmlln,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway activity. B. Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000463 1_1_3k1mhkom,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'testosterone replacement therapy by axillary gel'?","A. The body of a dead human being. B. Testosterone replacement therapy wherein the route of administration is an topical gel. C. Testosterone replacement therapy wherein the route of administration is a gel. D. Testosterone replacement therapy wherein the route of administration is an axillary gel.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,testosterone replacement therapy by axillary gel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010776 1_1_3w4l0znv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Trinidad and Tobago'?","A. An archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American nation of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. It also shares maritime boundaries with Barbados to the northeast and Guyana to the southeast. The country covers an area of 5,128 km2 and consists of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and 21 smaller islands. B. A country in western Africa, between Mali and Ghana. C. A country in eastern Africa, between Somalia and Sudan. D. A country in north-western Europe. The modern sovereign state occupies five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned in 1921. It is bordered by Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom) to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and by the Irish Sea to the east. Administration follows the 34 ""county-level"" counties and cities of Ireland. Of these twenty-nine are counties, governed by county councils while the five cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford have city councils, (previously known as corporations), and are administered separately from the counties bearing those names. The City of Kilkenny is the only city in the republic which does not have a ""city council""; it is still a borough but not a county borough and is administered as part of County Kilkenny. Ireland is split into eight regions for NUTS statistical purposes. These are not related to the four traditional provinces but are based on the administrative counties.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Trinidad and Tobago,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00003767 1_1_882gmtuk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a compound consisting of a nucleobase linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on the sugar.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009168 1_1_u9artbyu,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryonic plasmatocyte'?","A. A plasmatocyte that derives from the larval lymph gland. B. A hemocyte derived from the embryonic head mesoderm, which enters the hemolymph as a circulating cell. C. A plasmatocyte derived from the embryonic head mesoderm. D. A phagocytic hemocyte, responsible for the engulfment of small particles, microbes, and apoptotic tissue debris. It may also secretes antimicrobial peptides and contribute to the production and secretion of proteins of the hemolymph.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,embryonic plasmatocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0011009 1_1_k6nzepjh,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autotopagnosia'?","A. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive any auditory information but whose hearing is intact. B. An agnosia that results in the loss of the ability to consciously recognize familiar faces. C. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain. D. An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to orient parts of the body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autotopagnosia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060138 1_1_ml1h2af9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glomerular visceral epithelium'?","A. The inner (visceral) layer of the renal glomerular capsule, overlying the capillaries, composed of podocytes, and separated from the outer (parietal) layer by the capsular (Bowman's) space[BTO]. This epithelial layer is superficially adjacent to the thickened glomerular basement membrane and is made of podocytes. Beneath the visceral layer lie the glomerular capillaries[WP]. This inner epithelial layer of the glomerular capsule surrounds the capillary endothelial cells and is composed of highly specialized epithelial cells (podocytes) that are separated by filtration slits; the inner visceral layer is separated from the outer parietal layer by the urinary space (also known as the Bowman's or capsular space)[MP]. B. The glomerular endothelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the internal surfaces of the glomerulus. C. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros[GO]. D. A single layer of simple squamous epithelium in the glomerular capsule. Does not function in filtration[UBERON]. outer layer of the glomerular capsule composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium[MP].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,glomerular visceral epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005751 1_1_c7ccdg38,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues. B. Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060408 1_1_8bzysulw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'jet-effect wind'?","A. An atmospheric wind which rapidly forms, lasts for a duration in the order of minutes, and then rapidly decreases in speed. B. A wind which is driven by the acceleration of flow through a gap, constriction, or channel resulting from large-scale pressure gradient, or by Venturi acceleration through a constricting passage. C. An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. D. An atmospheric wind during which cold atmospheric gas flows downwards towards the surface of an astronomical body.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,jet-effect wind,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001730 1_1_xgkon24e,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary atmospheric aerosol formation event'?","A. A forest ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. B. A secondary aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere at an increased rate relative to background processes of the same kind. C. An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are either 1) formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions or 2) increase in size through aggregation with other particles. D. A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,secondary atmospheric aerosol formation event,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001373 1_1_8sore88p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'melorheostosis'?","A. An osteosclerosis that results_in numerous bone islands located_in skeleton. B. An osteosclerosis that results_in increased calcium concentration located_in skull which decreases the size of cranium foramina and cervical spinal canal. C. An osteosclerosis that results_in coarsening located_in trabecular bone. D. An osteosclerosis that has_material_basis_in a mutation of the LEMD3 gene which results_in a hyperdense bony cortex.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,melorheostosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4253 1_1_r7fop008,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'increased flexibility'?","A. A contractility which is relatively high. B. A flexibility which is relatively high. C. A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. D. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,increased flexibility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001776 1_1_0vec838a,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right middle facial depth line'?","A. Middle facial line bounded by subnasale and left tragion. B. Middle facial line bounded by subnasale and right tragion. C. Structural relation which holds between an anatomical structure and some organizational pattern. D. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by subnasale and tragion.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right middle facial depth line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284765 1_1_d8u4mq16,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol'?","A. A triglyceride in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as palmitoyl while that at position 3 is specified as palmitoleoyl. B. A triacylglycerol 53:3 in which the acyl group at position 1 is specified as heptadecenoyl while those at positions 2 and 3 are both octadecenoyl groups. C. A triacylglycerol 50:1 in which the acyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3 are specified as oleoyl, isoheptadecanoyl and pentadecanoyl respectively. It is a metabolite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. D. A triacyl-sn-glycerol in which the which the acyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3 are specified as hexadecanoyl, (9Z)-hexadecenoyl and (9Z)-octadecenoyl respectively.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycerol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85427 1_1_qn12izrf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Takotsubo cardiomyopathy'?","A. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the absence of abnormal loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) or coronary artery disease sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. Right ventricular dilation and dysfunction may be present but are not necessary for the diagnosis. B. Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome or takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient regional systolic dysfunction involving the left ventricular apex and/or mid-ventricle in the absence of obstructive coronary disease on coronary angiography. Patients present with an abrupt onset of angina-like chest pain, and have diffuse T-wave inversion, sometimes preceded by ST-segment elevation, and mild cardiac enzyme elevation. C. Restrictive left ventricular physiology is characterized by a pattern of ventricular filling in which increased stiffness of the myocardium causes ventricular pressure to rise precipitously with only small increases in volume, defined as restrictive ventricular physiology in the presence of normal or reduced diastolic volumes (of one or both ventricles), normal or reduced systolic volumes, and normal ventricular wall thickness. D. A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Takotsubo cardiomyopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011665 1_1_vmddygd6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ecgonine methyl ester'?","A. A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata. S B. Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. C. A aminodiol that is diethanolamine in which the amino hydrogen has been replaced by an ethyl group. It is a metabolite of nitrogen mustards. D. The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ecgonine methyl ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31529 1_1_ufq6mdv1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoe or leather worker or repairer'?","A. Assist mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed patients, working under direction of nursing and medical staff. May assist with daily living activities, lead patients in educational and recreational activities, or accompany patients to and from examinations and treatments. May restrain violent patients. Includes psychiatric orderlies. B. Construct, decorate, or repair leather and leather-like products, such as luggage, shoes, and saddles. May use hand tools. C. Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated merchandise. D. Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,shoe or leather worker or repairer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51604100 1_1_a2vwr0vb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ageusia'?","A. A rare condition that is characterized by a complete loss of taste function of the tongue. B. A distortion of the sense of taste, often characterized by the sensation of a metallic taste. C. A decreased ability to perceive flavor. D. A form of altered taste sensation in which the affected person perceives a taste, usually an unpleasant one, in the absence of a corresponding stimulus in the environment.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Ageusia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041051 1_1_psf3e1z2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethyl (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoate'?","A. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. B. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of linoleic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. C. An octadecanoate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of octadecanoic (stearic) acid and the hydroxy group of ethanol. D. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"ethyl (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84876 1_1_3kvrxliq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left posterior segmental vein'?","A. Subdivision of skeletal system of upper limb, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of skeleton of pectoral girdle, acromioclavicualr joint, coraco-acromial joint, glenohumeral joint, inferior transverse scapular ligament sternoclavicular joint and superior transverse scapular ligament. B. Posterior segmental vein, each instance of which drains the posterior segment of the upper lobe (superior) lobe of some right lung. C. Posterior segmental vein, each instance of which drains the posterior segment of the upper lobe (superior) lobe of some left lung. D. Anatomical cluster in which parts of two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts. Examples: esophagogastric junction, linea alba, knee joint.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left posterior segmental vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9438 1_1_rxtayw1i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cerebellar neuron development. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of forebrain neuron differentiation.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of forebrain neuron differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000977 1_1_7zkw4lwd,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter DP'?","A. a type of heart arrhythmia that causes the top chambers of your heart, the atria, to quiver and beat irregularly. Lasts over a week. B. very fast electrical discharge patterns that make the atria contract very rapidly, causing them to contract faster and less efficiently than normal. C. refers to AF that occurs for longer than 7 days and ends spontaneously or with treatment D. a rapid, erratic heart rate begins suddenly and then stops on its own within 7 days",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000240 1_1_balzpgoy,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'presence of coronary angioplasty implant and graft'?","A. a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries B. may be used to specify diseases C. Has bone/tendon implants in body D. person is disabled physically or mentally, so they are in need of medical services",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,presence of coronary angioplasty implant and graft,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000404 1_1_18dgswiv,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tile cell'?","A. Empty upright ray cell of approximately the same height as the procumbent ray cell and occurring in indeterminate horizontal series usually interspersed among the procumbent cells. B. A seed germination stage during which there is absorption of water by the seed . C. Cell on the margin of, and tending to form a sheath around, the procumbent cells of a multi-seriate ray as seen in tangential section. D. A ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell that is oriented with its longest dimension parallel to the plant axis in which it is found.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tile cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004530 1_1_eg0rc8ni,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2'?","A. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the TMEM43 gene on chromosome 3p25.1. B. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an X-linked recessive mutation of EMD on chromosome Xq28. C. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the LMNA gene on chromosome 1q22. D. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an autosomal recessive mutation of the LMNA gene on chromosome 1q22.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070247 1_1_kxb1ml82,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Boiled potato crunchiness'?","A. Uniformity of the texture in mouth B. Mechanical textural attribute related to the force necessary to achieve a certain deformation C. Attribute of product to produce low pitched sound during rupturing D. Mechanical textural attribute related to the force necessary to break into crumbs or pieces",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Boiled potato crunchiness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000905 1_1_qvmohhqk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chloroplast intermembrane space'?","A. The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope. B. The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the cyanelle envelope; includes the peptidoglycan layer. C. The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope. D. The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,chloroplast intermembrane space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031972 1_1_830vvwo6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'extracellular matrix assembly'?","A. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix. B. The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia (also called flagella) in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements. C. A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. D. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,extracellular matrix assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0085029 1_1_ueww41nz,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Assignment'?","A. A public act is an act by some Person or Organisation which creates (at least) a communicated attitude (and thereby an expression) B. NOTE: Cannot express that the 'promised' act corresponds to the act qualified by the statement in writing C. Delegate: entrust a task or responsibility to some other person D. A public act that attributes a power to perform a public act to a public body.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Assignment,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Assignment 1_1_uvplx9wh,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis'?","A. Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids. B. A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of water within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell. C. The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050891 1_1_0ty89uzg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'glandular trichome'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis . B. A trichome that secretes or sequesters a portion of plant substance . C. A glandular trichome that synthesizes terpenophenolic resins and prenylflavonoids. D. A unicellular or multicellular plant structure that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,glandular trichome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004509 1_1_1wcmlqdv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'renal cortex peritubular capillary'?","A. A peritubular capillary that is part of a cortex of kidney. B. The large cartilage of the anal fin, on which the radials articulate distally [Compagno 2001. Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Volume 2]. C. The tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure. D. A peritubular capillary that is part of a outer medulla of kidney.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,renal cortex peritubular capillary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006851 1_1_1njs370o,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'membrane'?","A. A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. B. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. C. A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. D. General anatomical term which refers to component of a fiber, e.g. collagen fibril or myofibril.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016020 1_1_6lyalm4v,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000301 1_1_3gf85x46,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kaavie'?","A. The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] B. In mathematics, the concept of a relation is a generalization of 2-place relations, such as the relation of equality, less than, greater than, etc.. [Wikipedia] C. A form of energy arising from the motion of a system against a force, existing only in the process of energy conversion. D. In Scotland, a heavy fall of snow.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kaavie,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/Kaavie 1_1_la8v3jwr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaflet margin'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is the edge of a leaflet and the area immediately internally adjacent to it. B. A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit. C. Stipule-like appendage(s) at the base of a leaflet (in unifoliolate or simple leaves, found at the top of the petiole). D. A cardinal organ part that is the apical part of a spore capsule that separates from the rest of the capsule during dehiscence.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaflet margin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006034 1_1_ui29rdyx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiogenic shock'?","A. severe and potentially fatal condition that occurs when sepsis leads to life-threatening low blood pressure. B. patient is traumatized to a point that they cannot send commands to body parts C. when a patient has lost more than 20% of their blood and he or she enter shock D. Shock resulting from primary failure of the heart in its pumping function",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cardiogenic shock,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000442 1_1_rd5s5slh,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-SA 2.0'?","A. CC BY-ND 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. This license is generally used for documentation. B. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. C. CC BY 2.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. D. CC BY-SA 2.0 is a copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project recommend this license for art, entertainment and educational works, but also recommend that it is not used for software or documentation, since it is tricky as to how exactly this license is compatible with the GNU GPL.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY-SA 2.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000052 1_1_cw49jq50,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'heart capillary growth'?","A. The increase in size or mass of non-reproductive plant parts. B. The increase in size or mass of the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta where the increase in size or mass contributes to the progression of that layer over time from its formation to its mature state. C. The increase in heart capillaries that accompanies physiological hypertrophy of cardiac muscle. D. Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,heart capillary growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003248 1_1_nxjcnerm,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'drug withdrawal syndrome'?","A. A bodily disposition that is the pressure of circulating blood. B. A bodily disposition to undergo pathological processes characterized by physiological or psychological dysfunction that exists in an organism because of homeostatic disruption resulting from the cessation or reduction of repeated drug exposure. C. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of cannabis consumption. D. A bodily disposition which is realised as impaired functioning following reduction or termination of use of a psychoactive substance as a result of long-term physiological adaptation to that substance.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,drug withdrawal syndrome,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001378 1_1_ujhed20e,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement - Fresh weight of the storage root'?","A. Measure the weight of commercial storage roots within net plot and record it. Select those that are heavier or equal than 100 g B. Measure the starch content of the raw storage root in fresh weight basis and record it C. Measure vine internode length and record it D. Measure the fresh weight of the storage root sample and record it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Measurement - Fresh weight of the storage root,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000241 1_1_w0pzf23u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cranial cavity'?","A. Space of compartment of head which is bound by the internal surface of the skull. B. Space of compartment of head which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of orbit. C. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musclte tissue, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the basal anteroseptal and the basal anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Renal calyx, each instance of which is formed by instances of two or more minor calices and drains into some renal pelvis.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cranial cavity,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9644 1_1_jsy6dvwj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'visual ageism'?","A. Stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age. B. The social practice of visually underrepresenting older people or misrepresenting them in a prejudiced way. C. The prejudices faced by older adults in the digital world. D. A sexual system in which females and hermaphrodites coexist in the same population.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,visual ageism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002807 1_1_2evvlarf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypoplastic or aplastic tibia with polydactyly'?","A. A syndrome characterized by the classical triad of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia and midline brain defects that has_material_basis_in heterozygous, homozygous, or compound heterozygous mutation in the homeobox gene HESX1 on chromosome 3p14. B. A syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, variably impaired intellectual development, variable dysmorphic features, and behavioral abnormalities, including autism spectrum disorder and ADHD that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the BCORL1 gene on chromosome Xq26.1. C. A syndrome characterized by preaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet and hypoplasia or aplasia of the tibia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SHH regulatory region (ZRS) located in intron 5 of the LMBR1 gene on chromosome 7q36.3. D. A syndrome characterized by brachydactyly type E, severe salt-independent but age-dependent hypertension, an increased fibroblast growth rate, neurovascular contact at the rostral-ventrolateral medulla, altered baroreflex blood pressure regulation, and increased risk of stroke when untreated that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in PDE3A on 12p12.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypoplastic or aplastic tibia with polydactyly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111564 1_1_s8lgdmmk,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fore arc'?","A. There is increasing evidence that most ophiolites are generated when subduction begins and thus represent fragments of fore-arc lithosphere. This led to introduction of the term ‘supra-subduction zone’ (SSZ) ophiolite in the 1980s to acknowledge that some ophiolites are more closely related to island arcs than ocean ridges. [Wikipedia] B. The remnant arc is what is left on the rear side of the speading zone as athe basin broadens. [Wikipedia] C. Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia] D. A forearc is a depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fore arc,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolOrogen/ForeArc 1_1_00yr2te9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transport'?","A. The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of urate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The directed movement of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,CMP-N-acetylneuraminate transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015782 1_1_c23hhsnf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral root cap of lateral root'?","A. A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is part of a root cap and is parallel to the sides of a root axis. B. A native plant cell synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. C. A lateral root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root. D. A lateral root cap that is part of a root cap of a primary root .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lateral root cap of lateral root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003020 1_1_m4drhm6g,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'propionic acidemia'?","A. An organic acidemia that involes a nonfunctional propionyl CoA carboxylase affecting conversion of amino acids and fats into sugar for energy. B. An organic acidemia that is caused by a deficiency of decarboxylase leading to high concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine in the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and characterized by an odor of maple syrup to the urine, vomiting, hypertonicity, severe mental retardation, seizures, and eventually death unless the condition is treated with dietary measures. C. An organic acidemia characterized by impaired lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan metabolism, increased urinary excretion of glutaric acid, and accumulation of 3-hydroxyglutaric and glutaric acid, resulting in striatal injury and a severe dystonic dyskinetic movement disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GCDH gene on chromosome 19p13. D. An organic acidemia that disrupts or prevents normal metabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,propionic acidemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14701 1_1_f46x93fc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine dose'?","A. An aerosol produced by heating an e-liquid designed for use in an e-cigarette. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun-dried flaked tobacco mixed with or without lime. C. Dose in which the thing administered is nicotine. D. A measurement datum that measures the quantity of something that may be administered to an organism or that an organism may be exposed to. Quantities of nutrients, drugs, vaccines and toxins are referred to as doses.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine dose,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000455 1_1_t29u88gx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'microbial cell culture'?","A. A microbial cell culture which is primarily composed of eukaryotic biomass. B. A cell culture which is composed of a microbial community of known composition. C. A cell culture which supports the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. D. A microbial cell culture which is primarily composed of bacterial biomass.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,microbial cell culture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001968 1_1_qvc805ob,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'b'?","A. Potential evapotranspiration (POTET) exceeds precipitation in all B climates. Subdivisions are based on precipitation timing and amount and mean annual temperature. B. (Also called maritime climate, oceanic climate.) A regional climate under the predominant influence of the sea, characterized by relatively small seasonal variations and high atmospheric moisture content; the antithesis of a continental climate. C. The D climate classification, also known as the microthermal climate classification, is characterized by by having the warmest month of the year above 10 degree C and the coldest below 0 degree C. D. The A climate classification, also known as the Tropical climate classification, is characterized as being consistently warm with all months averaging above 18 degrees C and having annual precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration (POTET).",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,b,http://sweetontology.net/realmClimateZone/B 1_1_4yamrw9q,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete host gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing'?","A. The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell. B. OBSOLETE. The posttranscriptional gene silencing of host genes that are homologous to viral genes after viral infection. C. OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the reaction: dehydroabietadienal + NADPH + O2 = dehydroabietic acid + NADP + H2O. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete host gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060146 1_1_g21vas80,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'score'?","A. The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, etc., or any combination of such forms. For example: Work #1 Franz Schubert's Trout quintet * Expression #1 the composer's score * Expression #2 sound issued from the performance by the Amadeus Quartet and Hephzibah Menuhin on piano * Expression #3 sound issued from the performance by the Cleveland Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma on the cello * . . . . The Music Ontology defines the following sub-concepts of a MusicalExpression, which should be used instead of MusicalExpression itself: Score (the result of an arrangement), Sound (produced during a performance), Signal. However, it is possible to stick to FRBR and bypass the worflow mechanism this ontology defines by using the core FRBR properties on such objects. But it is often better to use events to interconnect such expressions (allowing to go deeply into the production process - `this performer was playing this particular instrument at that particular time'). B. Libretto C. Here, we are dealing with the informational object (the MusicalExpression), not the actually ""published"" score. This may be, for example, the product of an arrangement process. D. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,score,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/Score 1_1_iz6e346p,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Personal history of malignant neoplasm of stomach'?","A. a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. B. Cancer that occurs in the stomach. C. Encounter for other specified aftercare D. screening is done to prevent a disease or to help identify the disease.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Personal history of malignant neoplasm of stomach,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000107 1_1_uaal4y5n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated osmolality gap'?","A. Plasma osmolality is determined mainly by Sodium, its counter ions, and uncharged species such as Glucose and Urea. Knowledge of the plasma concentration of these species allows calculation of the plasma osmolality quite accurately. If the difference between the measured osmolality (MO) and calculated osmolality (CO) is known as the osmolar gap (OG) is large (greater than 15) osmolar gap can help identify the presence in plasma of substances such as ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol.. B. Serum osmolality, which is defined as the sum of the osmolalities of every single dissolved particle in the blood such as sodium and associated anions, potassium, glucose, and urea, is above the upper limit of normal. C. Any deviation from the normal range of the serum osmolality, defined as the sum of the osmolalities of every single dissolved particle in the blood such as sodium and associated anions, potassium, glucose, and urea. D. Serum osmolality, which is defined as the sum of the osmolalities of every single dissolved particle in the blood such as sodium and associated anions, potassium, glucose, and urea, is below the lower limit of normal.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated osmolality gap,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000820 1_1_5vvsbcbi,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045633 1_1_0pwp9z97,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'supinator process'?","A. Process that projects from anterior margin of commissure as site of attachment for quadratoethmoid ligament. B. A membrane that surrounds or partially covers the vaginal opening. C. Ligament extending between the liver and stomach. D. A bony process that corresponds to the attachment site for the forelimb supinator muscles in tetrapods, distal to the deltopectoral crest and anterior to the radial condyle.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,supinator process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200037 1_1_l00fc8rz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'speed of closure'?","A. The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without ""giving out"" or fatiguing. B. The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns. C. The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. D. The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,speed of closure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000101 1_1_53y2xhu6,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'process'?","A. A series of actions or steps directed to some end. E.g.: the approval of act 317, the election of the 11th president of the senate. B. Something that happened, will happen, may happen or have lasted. E.g.: the World War II, the coming into force of act 27, Sunday 26th of August 2012. C. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) D. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])",A,1_1,legal/allot,process,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Process 1_1_0se0je8h,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrophic scars'?","A. Scars that form a depression compared to the level of the surrounding skin because of damage to the collagen, fat or other tissues below the skin. B. Thin (atrophic) and wide scars. C. Partial or complete wasting (atrophy) of the skin. D. Thinned, erythematous, depressed bands of atrophic skin. Initially, striae appear as flattened and thinned, pinkish linear regions of the skin. Striae tend to enlarge in length and become reddish or purplish. Later, striae tend to appear as white, depressed bands that are parallel to the lines of skin tension. Striae distensae occur most often in areas that have been subject to distension such as the lower back, buttocks, thighs, breast, abdomen, and shoulders.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Atrophic scars,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001075 1_1_f81mua9t,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified pregnancy related conditions, second trimester'?","A. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the first trimester B. Fatigue caused from being pregnant, pregnancy is in the second trimester C. symptoms that are related to being pregnant, pregnancy is in the second trimester D. symptoms during pregnancy and the puerperium (after the pregnancy)",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"other specified pregnancy related conditions, second trimester",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000494 1_1_m7n87ifs,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fiber spin consistency index'?","A. The spinning consistency index (FSCI) is a calculation for predicting the overall quality and spinnability of the cotton fiber B. Arealometer M, the simple linear regression prediction of caustic soda percent maturity C. Colorimeter +b. Yellowness indicates how much yellow color is in the sample D. Fiber quality score (Qscore), very similar to a selection index, adds the weighted values of selected fiber traits (length, mic, UI, strength) to provide a single measure (0-100) of desirable fiber qualities",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fiber spin consistency index,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000531 1_1_7z4zraie,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 (human)'?","A. A complement receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A D(2) dopamine receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A B-cell lymphoma 6 protein that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 5 (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_O15389 1_1_y12r0d83,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focal impaired awareness verbal automatism seizure'?","A. A type of focal automatism seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure and is characterized by inappropriate continuation of pre-seizure movement or behavior at onset. B. A type of focal automatism in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure and is seizure characterized by involuntary head nodding at onset. C. A type of focal automatism seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure and is characterized by manual automatisms at onset. D. A type of focal automatism seizure in which awareness is partially or fully impaired at some point during the seizure and is characterized by the production of single or repetitive words, phrases, or brief sentences at onset.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Focal impaired awareness verbal automatism seizure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032924 1_1_zrsgfwb6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048683 1_1_uyq3sm15,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.18 eighteen leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at eleven nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at two nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at nine nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at eighteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.18 eighteen leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007072 1_1_rtgy60cf,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete AP-MS data'?","A. This class had no definition, and seemed incorrectly placed as an algorithm, as from its name it seemed to only be an experimental method. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete AP-MS data,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000015 1_1_4abzdop6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'family medicine physician'?","A. Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment. B. Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and landscape architecture. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses in environmental science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses in business administration and management, such as accounting, finance, human resources, labor and industrial relations, marketing, and operations research. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,family medicine physician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29121500 1_1_kbn4emqz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'terminal flower bud'?","A. A terminal bud that develops into a flower. B. A terminal bud that develops into a reproductive structure. C. An axillary bud that develops into a flower. D. A terminal reproductive bud that develops into a strobilus.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,terminal flower bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004714 1_1_wfoorwxw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stickiness method'?","A. Observe the chalkiness colour of the peeled surface B. After chewing sample 3 times, feel the extent of the powdery mouthfeel C. After chewing evaluate the overall uniformity of the texture perceived in te sample D. Textural attribute relating to degree to which a substance can be adhere to surfaces of different material",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stickiness method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000936 1_1_a0focr0g,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'thinking with language'?","A. A mental process that creates, modifies or has as participant some cognitive representation. B. A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental language. C. a mental process that involves the manipulation of mental language and/or mental images D. A cognitive process that involves the mental representation of sequential numbers.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,thinking with language,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000057 1_1_ziri1fju,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acetylcholine'?","A. An indane that consists of 1-aminoindane bearing an N-propargyl substituent. A selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor. B. A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. C. Actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. D. A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,acetylcholine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15355 1_1_m8ppio5v,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'glomerular basement membrane'?","A. A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. B. The submucous layer of the wall of the urinary bladder. C. A preadipocyte that is part of an omentum. D. The layer of extracellular matrix that lies between the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes of the inner or visceral layer of the Bowman capsule; it is a fusion of the endothelial cell and podocyte basal laminas and acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,glomerular basement membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005777 1_1_nvhtozrd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ deaf people'?","A. An older person who experiences deafness. B. Deaf persons who are LGBTQIA+. C. A deaf person who is bisexual. D. A deaf person who is intersex.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ deaf people,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011052 1_1_g3qu5bmu,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sphingolipid signaling. B. The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of netrin-activated signaling pathway. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902069 1_1_p9bezr8d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'otosclerosis 5'?","A. An otosclerosis that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-8 gene (OTSC8) on loci chromosome 9p13.1-q21.11. B. An otosclerosis that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-7 gene (OTSC7) on loci chromosome 6q13. C. An otosclerosis that is characterized by conductive hearing impairment and that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-5 gene (OTSC5) on loci 3q22-q24. D. An otosclerosis that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-3 gene (OTSC3) on loci chromosome 6p.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,otosclerosis 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060924 1_1_heo5b8ff,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'loculicidal capsule fruit'?","A. A fruit which develops from a gynoecium and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp , dry mesocarp , and dry endocarp that usually dehisce. B. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through both the fruit septa and the fruit locules . C. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through pores on a pericarp . D. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through fruit locules .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,loculicidal capsule fruit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030092 1_1_5x3u69mp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'future superior salivatory nucleus'?","A. The ridge-shaped grey matter of the spinal cord that extends longitudunally through the center of each half of the spinal cord, and are largely or entirely composed of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites and some supportive tissue. B. A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a facial nucleus. C. A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. D. A gray matter that has the potential to develop into a superior salivatory nucleus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,future superior salivatory nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010125 1_1_1que4cqu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Body compartment subdivision'?","A. Simple squamous epithelium which lines pulmonary alveoli. B. Compartment of trunk, which is embryologically derived from the intraembryonic celom; is located in the trunk, is enclosed by the body wall; contains serous sacs, viscera and other organs. Examples: There is only one body cavity. C. Compartment of trunk which is enclosed by a body wall subdivision and is demarcated from another body cavity subdivision by an anatomical structure or a conduit, it contains one or more serous sacs, viscera and other organs; together with the other body cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the body cavity. Examples: thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity. D. Body compartment subdivision which has as its parts the endothoracic fascia of the thoracic wall surrounding the thoracic compartment space and the content of that space and which has as its parts the mediastinum, the right pleuropulmonary compartment, and the left pleuropulmonary compartment.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Body compartment subdivision,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12236 1_1_j1u6vt3x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'pimozide'?","A. A sulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of the sulfonic acid group of 5-ethoxy-7-fluoro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2-sulfonic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid. The methyl ester of cloransulam, generally known as cloransulam-methyl, is used as a herbicide for the control of post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds in soybeans. B. A propanoic acid derivative having an (R)-hydroxy substituent at the 2-position and a fluoro substituent at the 3-position. C. A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. D. An organofluorine compound consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid having a 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl group at the 3-position and two methyl groups at the 2-position.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,pimozide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8212 1_1_x4sck7rw,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Derivative contract'?","A. Class describing the multiannual contracts (i.e. contract whose duration extends over more than one financial year). B. Class describing contracts whose end date can be extended. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. D. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system.",D,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Derivative contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#DerivativeContract 1_1_8mon8wsj,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'UDP-glucuronate dehydrogenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate + NAD+ = UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranos-4-ulose + CO2 + NADH. B. Catalysis of the reaction: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD+ = acetoin + H+ + NADH. C. Catalysis of the reaction: H2O + 2 NAD+ + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H+ + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: geraniol + NADP+ = geranial + NADPH.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,UDP-glucuronate dehydrogenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099618 1_1_ror7m4on,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'histamine receptor activity'?","A. Combining with an extracellular amine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. B. Combining with acetylcholine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. C. Combining with the biogenic amine serotonin and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter and hormone found in vertebrates and invertebrates. D. Combining with histamine to initiate a change in cell activity. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,histamine receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004969 1_1_u9jf967m,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis'?","A. Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres. C. Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling. D. Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021976 1_1_9yfbmfbw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary lymphedema IC'?","A. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has_material_basis_in mutation in the GJC2 gene on chromosome 1q42. B. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of chronic, generally painless, lower limb lymphedema with onset typically at birth or in early childhood. C. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance that has_material_basis_in mutation in the VEGFC gene on chromosome 4q34. D. A hereditary lymphedema characterized by onset around puberty of chronic lymphedema particularly in the lower limbs with an apparent autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary lymphedema IC,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070208 1_1_qlhzw60s,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left crista philtri'?","A. Christa philtrum at the junction of left lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip. B. Christa philtrum at the junction of right lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip. C. Adjacent_to relation which holds between each physical anatomical entity of type A and some anatomical entity of the same dimension in type B such that the proximate bona fide boundaries of the related entities are adjacent for most of their extent. D. Anatomical point of face at the junction of lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left crista philtri,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281709 1_1_fk1cern5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerospace engineering or operations technologist or technician'?","A. Repair percussion, stringed, reed, or wind instruments. May specialize in one area, such as piano tuning. B. Operate, install, adjust, and maintain integrated computer/communications systems, consoles, simulators, and other data acquisition, test, and measurement instruments and equipment, which are used to launch, track, position, and evaluate air and space vehicles. May record and interpret test data. C. Coordinate activities in resident facilities in secondary school and college dormitories, group homes, or similar establishments. Order supplies and determine need for maintenance, repairs, and furnishings. May maintain household records and assign rooms. May assist residents with problem solving or refer them to counseling resources. D. Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,aerospace engineering or operations technologist or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302100 1_1_dxau4cmk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem'?","A. A shoot axis that develops from an axillary bud meristem or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell . B. A swollen shoot axis that grows horizontally at or below the substrate surface and produces shoots above and roots or rhizoids below. C. A shoot axis that is the primary axis of a plant. D. A shoot axis that bears only a flower or a fruit .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009047 1_1_p52oi64b,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes '3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme'?","A. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 3rd arch mesenchyme. B. Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. C. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. D. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 6th arch mesenchyme.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,3rd arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010344 1_1_g34h1pua,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transfemicide'?","A. Polygyny in which females choose a territorial male based on the male's available resources, such as territorial boundaries. B. The intentional killing of a transgender woman because of her gender, usually used in the context of describing a hate crime. C. The act of alteration or modification; changed or altered in form or character. D. The intentional killing of a woman because of her gender, usually used in the context of describing a hate crime.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transfemicide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009860 1_1_ttwn07ef,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabinoid receptor activity'?","A. Combining with adenosine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. B. Combining with a chemoattractant and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. C. Combining with thyrotropin-releasing hormone to initiate a change in cell activity. D. Combining with a cannabinoid to initiate a change in cell activity. Cannabinoids are a class of diverse chemical compounds that include the endocannabinoids and the phytocannabinoids.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cannabinoid receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004949 1_1_b57o5py8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf lamina adaxial epidermis'?","A. A portion of leaf epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf . B. A portion of leaf lamina epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf lamina . C. A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a leaf lamina. D. A portion of leaf lamina epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf lamina .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf lamina adaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000050 1_1_qga60zda,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045625 1_1_kdoaf3vp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'OrderedList'?","A. EBarrays provides tools for the analysis of replicated/unreplicated microarray data. B. Functions to computationally simulate the AP-MS technology based on wet-lab data. C. Detection of similarities between ordered lists of genes. Thereby, either simple lists can be compared or gene expression data can be used to deduce the lists. Significance of similarities is evaluated by shuffling lists or by resampling in microarray data, respectively. D. Add an extra graphical display at the bottom of a heat map, indicating for each column a) whether it has one of several binary properties or not, and b) the value of a quantitative variable. A cutting threshold for the sample dendrogram can also be specified, and the resulting clustering of the columns is indicated by coloring both the dendrogram and the extra variable display.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,OrderedList,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000311 1_1_hhw6aie2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal ciliary body morphology'?","A. An abnormality of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eyeball. B. Any structural abnormality of the choroid. C. An abnormality of the iris, which is the pigmented muscular tissue between the cornea and the lens, that is perforated by an opening called the pupil. D. A structural anomaly of the ciliary body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal ciliary body morphology,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012776 1_1_rgyzzzzt,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'P mitrale'?","A. The P wave that normally precedes each QRS complex by a fixed PR interval of 120 to 200 milliseconds is not present. B. P wave below instead of above the baseline. P-wave inversion in the inferior leads may indicate a non-sinus origin of the P waves. C. Abnormal increased in the duration of the P wave, which is a marker of delayed inter-atrial conduction. D. A broad (120 ms or longer in duration) and bifid P-wave in EKG lead II.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,P mitrale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031599 1_1_w7cay9d4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of melanosome organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome organization.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of melanosome organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903058 1_1_dsxcuxsv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'iodoamino acid'?","A. An organoiodine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-iodine bond. B. An amino acid containing at least one iodo substituent. C. Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group. D. An iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is thyronine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,iodoamino acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24862 1_1_90l0w662,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucosa of lobular bronchiole'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a lobular bronchiole. B. A mucosa that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a terminal bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mucosa that is part of a respiratory bronchiole [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mucosa of lobular bronchiole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8600002 1_1_kapp0kna,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'architect, except landscape or naval'?","A. Assess individual or family risk for a variety of inherited conditions, such as genetic disorders and birth defects. Provide information to other healthcare providers or to individuals and families concerned with the risk of inherited conditions. Advise individuals and families to support informed decisionmaking and coping methods for those at risk. May help conduct research related to genetic conditions or genetic counseling. B. Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. May study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members. C. Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property. D. Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"architect, except landscape or naval",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17101100 1_1_ayjvt3y8,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor'?","A. A personal attribute that is how much alcohol a person consumes. B. An EC 1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group) inhibitor that uses NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor (EC 1.1.1.*). C. A consumption behaviour pattern involving repeated occurrences of binge behaviour sessions. D. An EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD(+) or NADP(+) acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1).",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50269 1_1_wbkzf98z,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'solid organ transplant'?","A. A transplantation in which the body part is a bodily fluid B. A therapeutic procedure in which a body part is transferred into a organism C. A transplantation in which the body part is a non-fluid tissue D. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,solid organ transplant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000144 1_1_k01omhgw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'epalrestat'?","A. A pyrrolecarboxylic acid that is pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3-hydroxyindol-3-yl group at at position 5 by a 5-hydroxyindol-3-yl group. B. A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy. C. A carbotetracyclic compound that is 11H-benzo[a]fluorene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 11. D. A monocarboxylic acid that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a carboxymethoxy group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,epalrestat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31539 1_1_kfoht9rf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'paired fin radial cartilage'?","A. Paired fin radial element that is composed of cartilage tissue. B. Pelvic fin distal radial 3 element that is composed of cartilage tissue. C. Pelvic fin distal radial 1 element that is composed of cartilage tissue. D. Pectoral fin radial elements are the internal skeletal supports of the pectoral fin which develop from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports the pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia with the primary pectoral girdle.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,paired fin radial cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1700006 1_1_7x9s00bw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'exotegmen'?","A. A portion of seed coat epidermis which is part of the seed coat and develops from the outer surface of the inner integument . B. A portion of seed coat epidermis that consists of multiple seed trichomes at the seed micropyle . C. A portion of seed coat epidermis which is part of the seed coat , and develops from the outer surface of the outer integument . D. A portion of plant epidermis that is part of a seed coat .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,exotegmen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006218 1_1_b5l8msqg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete annaffy'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete annaffy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000465 1_1_4ha98ps5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other manifestations'?","A. Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that involves the stomach and small intestine. B. A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups. C. Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. D. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to unidentified influenza virus with other manifestations,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000043 1_1_mcmnmf1d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lumen of pulmonary alveolus'?","A. The cavity within a myotome. B. Anatomical cavity at the start of the digestive tract that that is enclosed by the mouth. The boundaries and contents vary depending on the species. In vertebrates, the boundaries are the oral opening, the cheeks, the palate and (if present) the palatoglossal arch - if this is not present then the mouth and pharynx form the oropharyngeal cavity. The buccal cavity contains the teeth, tongue and palate (when present). C. An anatomical cavity that is part of the alveolus of the lung D. Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lumen of pulmonary alveolus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8850000 1_1_fdqjghbj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'fondaparinux'?","A. A ketoaldonic acid derivative that is beta-neuraminic acid in which the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 9 are substituted by an acetamido group and hydrogen respectively. B. A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate. C. A heparin tetradecasaccharide consisting of 4-deoxy-2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-O-sulfo-alpha-L-idopyranuronosyl, and 2-deoxy-6-O-sulfo-2-(sulfoamino)-alpha-D-glucopyranose units joined in sequence by (1->4) linkages. Sequence: DUAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S-(1-4)-a-L-IdoAp2S-(1-4)-a-D-GlcNpS6S. D. A branched amino hexasaccharide that is beta-D-Manp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3 of the mannosyl residue have been glycosylated by beta-D-xylopyranosyl and alpha-D-mannopyranosyl residues respectively, while the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end carries also an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached via a (1->3)-linkage.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,fondaparinux,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61033 1_1_fnvwoxvv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'medial corticohypothalmic tract'?","A. The corticospinal fibers that arise from the pyramidal cells within the cerebral cortex layer V of the precentral motor area, the premotor area and the postcentral gyrus, then descend into and through the medulla to form the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior corticospinal tract. B. Part of pyramidal tract (corticospinal tract) containing uncrossed fibers and traveling in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. C. Central cervical spinocerebellar tract. D. The main route taken by fibers from the ventral subiculum to the hypothalamus, where they innervate the medial preoptic area, “shell” of the ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, ventral premammillary nucleus, and cell-poor zone around the medial mammillary nucleus.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,medial corticohypothalmic tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8440031 1_1_0pe94243,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'echinopluteus larva'?","A. A distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. B. A usually tadpole-shaped larval trematode worm that develops in a molluscan host from a redia. C. Instar: a stage in the life of an arthropod (as an insect) between two successive molts. D. A planktonic and feeding larval form that possesses limb-like outgrowths bearing ciliated bands.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,echinopluteus larva,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008265 1_1_yn9ncl79,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stolon'?","A. A branch that is slender and coiling. B. A shoot axis that develops from an axillary bud meristem or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell . C. A branch that is prostrate or trailing, and produces adventitious nodal roots and sometimes erect shoots. D. A branch that is part of a gametophore.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stolon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003024 1_1_p8c4flb9,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of membrane tubulation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasma membrane repair. B. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane tubulation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of membrane tubulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903526 1_1_047j1jkc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'volcanic crater lake'?","A. A lake contained within a volcanic crater. B. A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. C. A lake which is contained within a caldera. D. A lake contained within a crater.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,volcanic crater lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000052 1_1_27tnx78b,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tunisia'?","A. A country situated on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the southeast. Tunisia is subdivided into 24 governorates, divided into 262 ""delegations"" or ""districts"" (mutamadiyat), and further subdivided into municipalities (shaykhats). B. A landlocked nation in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Botswana is divided into nine districts, which are subdivided into a total twenty-eight subdistricts. C. A country in southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos. D. A country in Northern Europe. Latvia shares land borders with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south, and both Russia and Belarus to the east. It is separated from Sweden in the west by the Baltic Sea. The capital of Latvia is Riga. Latvia is divided into 26 districts (raioni). There are also seven cities (lielpilsetas) that have a separate status. Latvia is also historically, culturally and constitutionally divided in four or more distinct regions.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Tunisia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00000562 1_1_5cn8j79u,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'campground'?","A. An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. B. A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. C. A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. D. A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,campground,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000935 1_1_9r85e0uf,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats'?","A. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus. B. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a region of a chromosome at which a DNA double-strand break has occurred. C. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a condensed chromosome. D. Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034503 1_1_4auu7bkg,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness'?","A. The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep. B. A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity. C. The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep. D. All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042746 1_1_sq6hhud0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyloric antrum'?","A. An OFF-bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic tree is not well filled and the dendrites are more delicate than in type 1 cells. The axon terminal is bushier and exhibits a dense plexus of varicosities in the inner part of sublamina 1 (Ghosh et al., 2004). It can be differentiated from other retinal bipolar neurons by its expression of marker genes: Neto1, Lhx3 and Irx-6 (Shekhar, 2016). B. Subdivision of skeletal system that surrounds and protects the brain. Includes the skull base, sensory capsules and the central part of the skull roof. C. Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. In mammals, the oesophagus connects the buccal cavity with the stomach. The stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium lining the buccal cavity is continued through the pharynx down into the oesophagus. The lowest part of the oesophagus (ca. 2 cm) is lined with gastric mucosa and covered by peritoneum. The main body of the oesophagus is lined with small, simple mucous glands. Each gland opens into the lumen by a long duct which pierces the muscularis mucosae (Wilson and Washington, 1989). A sphincter is situated at the point where the oesophagus enters the stomach to prevent gastro-oesophageal reflux, i.e. to prevent acidic gastric contents from reaching stratified epithelia of the oesophagus, where they can cause inflammation and irritation (Wilson and Washington, 1989; Brown et al., 1993). D. The area at the bottom of the stomach on the caudal side of the pyloric canal that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,pyloric antrum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001165 1_1_t98d8pqb,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mass ice flow'?","A. An advective transport process during which a mass of ice is transported from one location to another. B. An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. C. A material transport process during which the snow and ice constituting a glacier, and anything contained within it, is transported down a slope by gravitation. D. A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mass ice flow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001533 1_1_llyte3wd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thoracic spinal nerve nucleus'?","A. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the coccygeal region of spinal cord. B. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the cervical region of spinal cord. C. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the sacral region of spinal cord. D. Spinal nerve nucleus located in the thoracic region of spinal cord.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Thoracic spinal nerve nucleus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma288635 1_1_bhhj7v0e,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MPL v2.0'?","A. The Modified BSD is a software license based on he original FreeBSD license, modified by removal of the advertising clause. It is a lax, permissive non-copyleft free software license, compatible with the GNU GPL. This license is sometimes referred to as the 3-clause BSD license. According to the GNU Project, the modified BSD license is not bad, as lax permissive licenses go, though the Apache 2.0 license is preferable. However, it is risky to recommend use of “the BSD license”, even for special cases such as small programs, because confusion could easily occur and lead to use of the flawed original BSD license. To avoid this risk, you can suggest the X11 license instead. The X11 license and the modified BSD license are more or less equivalent. According to the GNU project, the Apache 2.0 license is better for substantial programs, since it prevents patent treachery. B. MPL v2.0 a free software license as defined by the GNU Project. Section 3.3 provides indirect compatibility between this license and the GNU GPL version 2.0, the GNU LGPL version 2.1, the GNU AGPL version 3.0, and all later versions of those licenses. The MPL allows covered source code to be mixed with other files under a different, even proprietary license. However, code files licensed under the MPL must remain under the MPL and freely available in source form. C. CC BY 2.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. D. GNU GPL Compatible License Type is a GNU Project Free License Type which is also compatible with one or more versions of the GNU GPL",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MPL v2.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000055 1_1_6lx771tz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'denotator type'?","A. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. B. Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term C. The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. D. The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,denotator type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000409 1_1_bigt83ei,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'qualitative sign'?","A. An abnormal observable quality of a part of a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. B. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) C. A quality which is an spatial arrangement or distribution of a(n) independent continuant(s) across a Three Dimensional Region. D. A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,qualitative sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000142 1_1_hghh8l55,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete fascia dentata'?","A. Any ureteral cell that is part of some adventitia of ureter. B. Any cell that is part of some His-Purkinje system. C. OBSOLETE: The fascia dentata is the earliest stage of the hippocampal circuit. Its primary input is the perforant path from the superficial layers of entorhinal cortex. Its principal neurons are tiny granule cells which give rise to unmyelinated axons called the mossy fibers which project to the hilus and CA3. The fascia dentata of the rat contains approximately 1,000,000 granule cells. It receives feedback connections from mossy cells in the hilus at distant levels in the septal and temporal directions. The fascia dentata and the hilus together make up the dentate gyrus. As with all regions of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus also receives GABAergic and cholinergic input from the medial septum and the diagonal band of Broca. D. A dental pulp that is part of a narwhal tusk.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,obsolete fascia dentata,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035560 1_1_fwav531l,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Location'?","A. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe. B. A planetary body in a comic universe. C. A location in a comic universe. D. A thing in a comic universe.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Location,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Location 1_1_55m3i48u,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear envelope'?","A. A forelimb bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. B. A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes. C. The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). D. A smooth muscle cell associated with the vasculature.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nuclear envelope,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005635 1_1_y7r6isp6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Patchy sclerosis of distal toe phalanx'?","A. Patchy (irregular) increase in bone density of one or more of the distal phalanges of the toes. This can take on many forms depending on severity and distribution as can be seen on x-rays. B. Patchy (irregular) increase in bone density of one or more phalanges of the big toe. This can take on many forms depending on severity and distribution as can be seen on x-rays. C. Patchy (irregular) increase in bone density of one or more of the phalanges of the third toe. This can take on many forms depending on severity and distribution as can be seen on x-rays. D. An elevation in bone density in the distal phalanx of the third toe. Sclerosis is normally detected on a radiograph as an area of increased opacity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Patchy sclerosis of distal toe phalanx,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010190 1_1_xv88uzwu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Small thumb epiphysis'?","A. Abnormally small size of one or more of the epiphyses of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. B. Abnormality of one or all of the epiphyses of the proximal, and distal phalanges of the thumb and/or the 1st metacarpal. C. Absence of one or more epiphyses of the thumb. D. Sclerosis of one or more of the epiphyses of the thumb, leading to an increased degree of radiopacity (white or ivory appearance) in X-rays.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Small thumb epiphysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009694 1_1_umnlakyd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Latine American'?","A. An American who can trace their ancestry to Mexico. The word may refer to someone born in the United States of Mexican descent or to someone who has emigrated to the United States from Mexico. B. A U.S. (United States) American who is Latine. C. Latine Americans who are LGBTQIA+. D. An inhabitant of Puerto Rico and/or a citizen of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (a United States territory), or a descendant of such a person.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Latine American,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010148 1_1_quzy7jmv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification'?","A. The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars in the polysaccharide chain component of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. B. The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). C. The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological macromolecule. D. The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0120540 1_1_f3oc3j9r,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxybutynin'?","A. A cyclic adenyl ribonucleotide that is cAMP (cyclic adenosine 3',5'-phosphate) in which the hydrogen at position 8 has been replaced by a piperidin-1-yl group. A selective cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activator and cAMP analogue with high selectivity for site A of PKA type I and for site B of PKA type II. B. A pyrazolopyrimidine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by cyano, {3-acetamido-4-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]phenyl}nitrilo and cyclopropylnitrilo groups, respectively. It is a DYRK2 and CSNK2A2 kinase inhibitor. C. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-eberconazole nitrate. Used for topical treatment of superficial mycoses. D. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,oxybutynin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7856 1_1_18xnewi6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. B. Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of endoplasmic reticulum stress. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of translation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036490 1_1_n62rsx32,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'caudal segment of spinal cord'?","A. The thoracic nerves are the spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic vertebrae. [WP,unvetted]. B. A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a caudal region. C. A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a sacral region. D. A spinal cord segment that adjacent_to a cervical region.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,caudal segment of spinal cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005845 1_1_nloh37c0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Quadrate ligament of radius'?","A. Superior pulmonary venous tree, each instance of which returns blood from the upper and middle lobes of some right lung to the left atrium of some heart. B. Cardinal organ part, each instance of which is a fiat subdivision of some organ. Examples: lingula of left lung, tail of pancreas, artery, trochanter, nodulus of semilunar valvule, right side of heart, duodenum, fundus of stomach. C. Ligament of elbow joint, each instance of which is a fibrous band attached to inferior border of radial notch on some ulna and to neck of some radius. D. Wall of atrium which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary vein.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Quadrate ligament of radius,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma38900 1_1_eo6tt9df,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MergeMaid'?","A. The functions in this R extension are intended for cross-study comparison of gene expression array data. Required from the user is gene expression matrices, their corresponding gene-id vectors and other useful information, and they could be 'list','matrix', or 'ExpressionSet'. The main function is 'mergeExprs' which transforms the input objects into data in the merged format, such that common genes in different datasets can be easily found. And the function 'intcor' calculate the correlation coefficients. Other functions use the output from 'modelOutcome' to graphically display the results and cross-validate associations of gene expression data with survival. B. This packages contains tools to support the construction of tcltk widgets C. This LPE library is used to do significance analysis of microarray data with small number of replicates. It uses resampling based FDR adjustment, and gives less conservative results than traditional 'BH' or 'BY' procedures. Data accepted is raw data in txt format from MAS4, MAS5 or dChip. Data can also be supplied after normalization. LPE library is primarily used for analyzing data between two conditions. To use it for paired data, see LPEP library. For using LPE in multiple conditions, use HEM library. D. The package is used to detect extended, diffuse and compact blemishes on microarray chips. Harshlight automatically marks the areas in a collection of chips (affybatch objects) and a corrected AffyBatch object is returned, in which the defected areas are substituted with NAs or the median of the values of the same probe in the other chips in the collection. The new version handle the substitue value as whole matrix to solve the memory problem.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MergeMaid,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000293 1_1_bycv61m0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Terminal leaflet shape - Estimation'?","A. Visual rating of the color of the eye B. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry in a high Aluminium soil and rate the susceptibility. C. Observe the shape of the terminal leaflet and rate it. D. Observe Root knot nematode susceptibility and rate it.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Terminal leaflet shape - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000053 1_1_xiraugz4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete sproc'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete sproc,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000708 1_1_adt70p6i,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Waardenburg syndrome type 4A'?","A. A Waardenburg syndrome characterized by pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes, congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and absence of lateral displacement of the inner canthus of each eye that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 8p23. B. A syndrome characterized by varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest and pigmentation anomalies of the hair, the skin and/or the iris of both eyes. C. A Waardenburg syndrome characterized by pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes, congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and Hirschsprung disease that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or homozygous mutation in the EDNRB gene on chromosome 13q22. D. A Waardenburg syndrome characterized by pigmentary abnormalities of the hair, skin, and eyes, congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and absence of lateral displacement of the inner canthus of each eye that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MITF gene on chromosome 3p13.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Waardenburg syndrome type 4A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110953 1_1_ggj8eizb,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tropical marine semi-evergreen forest'?","A. A high-elevation forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter lower montane climatic patterns. B. A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. C. A high-elevation forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter upper montane climate patterns. D. A needleleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tropical marine semi-evergreen forest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000376 1_1_6ly9rk35,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. C. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycoprotein, a protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045725 1_1_4rgagw41,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Act_of_Law'?","A. A legal speech act creates some propositional attitude towards a legal expression. B. NOTE: Cannot express that the 'promised' act corresponds to the act qualified by the statement in writing C. A public act that attributes a power to perform a public act to a public body. D. Act of law: a public act by a legislative body which creates an expression with legal status; the legal status depends on the jurisdiction of the legislative body.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Act_of_Law,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Act_of_Law 1_1_uxryaoix,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of pleasantness'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is pleasant. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the urgency of responding to an event. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event or object is important to the person's goals or needs. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the pleasantness of an object or event.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of pleasantness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000061 1_1_s7ma97dz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 12'?","A. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musle tissue, anterolateral head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferolateral and the mid anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posteromedial head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anteroseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue,posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anterior and the mid inferoseptal zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, anterior head of posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anteroseptal and the mid anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 12,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86064 1_1_9rmp7hjp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of Schwann cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. B. Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. D. Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of Schwann cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010624 1_1_wcrnx4as,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'yolk sac'?","A. Extraembryonic tissue membrane, formed from the visceral endoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm, which is located ventral to the embryonic disc and is connected to the presumptive midgut of the embryo; the yolk that it contains is the site of embryonic hematopoiesis and vitelline circulation is involved in early embryonic circulation; it is the origin of the primordial germ cells. B. The outermost extraembryonic membrane of amniotes. C. A sac-like expansion of the ventral wall of the intestine, narrowed into a yolk stalk near the body[Hyman's]. Membranous sac attached to an embryo, providing early nourishment in the form of yolk in bony fishes, sharks, reptiles, birds, and primitive mammals. It functions as the developmental circulatory system of the human embryo, before internal circulation begins. In the mouse, the yolk sac is the first site of blood formation, generating primitive macrophages and erythrocytes[WP]. D. A collection of connected epithelial tubes with a single portal.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,yolk sac,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001040 1_1_120mdwp5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'residential advisor'?","A. Interview persons desiring to open accounts in financial institutions. Explain account services available to prospective customers and assist them in preparing applications. B. Coordinate activities in resident facilities in secondary school and college dormitories, group homes, or similar establishments. Order supplies and determine need for maintenance, repairs, and furnishings. May maintain household records and assign rooms. May assist residents with problem solving or refer them to counseling resources. C. Format and proof text and images submitted by designers and clients into finished pages that can be printed. Includes digital and photo typesetting. May produce printing plates. D. Assist speech-language pathologists in the assessment and treatment of speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. Implement speech and language programs or activities as planned and directed by speech-language pathologists. Monitor the use of alternative communication devices and systems.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,residential advisor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39904100 1_1_ja1z6hum,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'effective temperature'?","A. A descriptive measure of radiation in terms of the temperature of a hypothetical blackbody emitting an identical amount of radiation at the same wavelength. B. The temperature at which motionless saturated air would induce, in a sedentary worker wearing ordinary indoor clothing, the same sensation of comfort as that induced by the actual conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement. Effective temperature is used as a guide in air-conditioning practice, and, on the comfort chart (American Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers), it appears as a family of curves that serves as one coordinate in defining comfort zones. C. The temperature to which a given air parcel must be cooled at constant pressure and constant water vapor content in order for saturation to occur. D. A means of quantifying the threat of rapid cooling during breezy or windy conditions that may result in hypothermia in cold conditions.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,effective temperature,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperature/EffectiveTemperature 1_1_y7tv7pqz,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Attribute Assignment'?","A. This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective. The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. For example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries. This class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about. All properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.Examples:In First Order Logic:",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E13 Attribute Assignment,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E13_Attribute_Assignment 1_1_yt66fpvr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'third order inflorescence axis'?","A. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a third order inflorescence axis . B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a first order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a second order inflorescence axis . D. An inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of an inflorescence axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,third order inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006322 1_1_z6o9f11w,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'life expectancy'?","A. A temporal measurement of the time period elapsed since an identifiable point in the life cycle of an organism. If a developmental stage is specified, the identifiable point would be the beginning of that stage. Otherwise the identifiable point must be specified such as planting (e.g. 3 days post planting). B. Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably be expected to live. C. A measure of life expectancy based upon the period in which a person was born. D. A temporal entity is an entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. An occurrent is something which exists over time, rather than existing completely at many times.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,life expectancy,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0004299 1_1_hsbgveiq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'oligoClasses'?","A. This package (GeneticsBase) provides a foundation of efficient data structures and easy-to-use manipulation functions. B. XDE: a Bayesian hierarchical model for cross-study analysis of differential gene expression C. A set of functions to create and interact with dynamic documents and vignettes. D. This package contains class definitions, validity checks, and initialization methods for classes used by the oligo package.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,oligoClasses,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000639 1_1_xx2j8mkn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other dilirum'?","A. Dementia that is gradual in onset, following a number of transient ischaemic episodes which produce an accumulation of infarcts in the cerebral parenchyma B. A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg C. Delirium of mixed origin, postoperative delirium D. An abrupt change in the brain that causes mental confusion and emotional disruption with unspecified cause",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other dilirum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000407 1_1_u6cc5tcp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '13-hydroxydocosanoate 13-beta-glucosyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 13-hydroxydocosanoate + UDP-D-glucose = 13-beta-D-glucosyloxydocosanoate + UDP. B. Catalysis of the reaction: (indol-3-yl)acetate + UDP-D-glucose = 1-O-(indol-3-ylacetyl)-beta-D-glucose + UDP. C. Catalysis of the addition of UDP-glucose on to asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides of the form Man7-9GlcNAc2 on incorrectly folded glycoproteins. D. Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-D-glucose + vitexin = H+ + UDP + vitexin 2''-O-beta-D-glucoside.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,13-hydroxydocosanoate 13-beta-glucosyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047229 1_1_qw8fvdc8,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac arrhythmia DP, unspecified'?","A. Electrical impulses that cause your heart to beat originate in the upper right chamber of the heart and travel to the lower chambers. In bundle branch block, the pathway that these impulses travel on is delayed or blocked. B. general cardiac funciton abnormalities following heart surgery C. A problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern D. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"cardiac arrhythmia DP, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000239 1_1_f2ht29s4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual Scoring :Stem Color_method'?","A. Visual scoring of the root cyanide content evaluated using the enzymatic method B. An estimated number of plantable stakes (about 20cm long, with approximately six nodes) that can be made out of the total number of stems in a plot C. Visual rating of stem color nine months after planting D. Visual rating of chlorotic blotches infestation on leaves caused by white fly",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual Scoring :Stem Color_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010301 1_1_njncu3ij,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bestrophin-4 (human)'?","A. A triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A B-cell lymphoma 6 protein that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A CD27 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A bestrophin-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bestrophin-4 (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q8NFU0 1_1_ryeisc6o,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'fbat'?","A. This package implements a broad class of Family Based Association Tests for genetids data, with adjustments for population admixture using the code from the 'FBAT' software program B. Parametric Analysis of Gene Set Enrichment C. Nested Effects Models to reconstruct phenotypic hierarchies D. Some basic functions for filtering genes",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,fbat,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000533 1_1_727bo73j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Valve of lacrimal punctum'?","A. A fold of membrane in the lacrimal duct near the punctum lacrimale. B. Subdivsion of thoracic compartment which has as its parts the superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum. C. Bona fide anatomical line, each instance of which is the boundary between some gingiva and some tooth. D. Layer of wall of eyeball which is continuous with optic nerve.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Valve of lacrimal punctum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0327421 1_1_3cuwf22n,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostate adenocarcinoma'?","A. A prostate carcinoma that derives_from transitional epithelial cells. B. A prostate carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. C. A squamous cell carcinoma that is located_in the prostate. D. A prostate carcinoma that is characterized by continued growth and spread despite the surgical removal of the testes or medical intervention to block androgen production.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,prostate adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2526 1_1_1vihuc2i,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'face'?","A. A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). B. A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions that are part of a continental shelf. C. A cirrus cloud which 1) is structurally organised in patches, 2) is sufficiently dense to appear greyish when viewed towards the local star and 3) may veil, the local star, obscure its outline, or even hide it entirely. D. The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,face,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 1_1_n2i97kb8,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other Alzheimer's disease'?","A. Loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities in an Alzheimer's patient B. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities. C. Other form of Alzheimer's disease (diseases where dementia symptoms gradually worsen over time) D. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other Alzheimer's disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000487 1_1_og9yy80t,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basal secondary branches number - Method'?","A. Average number of pods from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants B. Weight of harvested seeds on a plot divided by the surface of the plot C. Mean number of basal secondary branches from 3 or 5 randomly selected plants at maturity D. Averaged weight of air-dried seeds harvested from each plant",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Basal secondary branches number - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000211 1_1_npse0ful,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'MD'?","A. Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. B. Mini Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation. C. Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network D. Vinyl used as medium to record a musical manifestation",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,MD,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MD 1_1_m7as189k,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'textile bleaching or dyeing machine operator or tender'?","A. Operate or tend machines to bleach, shrink, wash, dye, or finish textiles or synthetic or glass fibers. B. Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies. C. Cover interior walls or ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or fabric, or attach advertising posters on surfaces such as walls and billboards. May remove old materials or prepare surfaces to be papered. D. Maintain highways, municipal and rural roads, airport runways, and rights-of-way. Duties include patching broken or eroded pavement and repairing guard rails, highway markers, and snow fences. May also mow or clear brush from along road, or plow snow from roadway.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,textile bleaching or dyeing machine operator or tender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51606100 1_1_283skixf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'masculinity by culture'?","A. Male gender roles classified by power structure or roles. B. Male gender roles classified by sexuality. C. An aspect of the female gender role in Latin American cultures, strictly intertwined with machismo and Roman Catholicism. It revolves around the veneration for feminine virtues like interpersonal harmony, inner strength, self-sacrifice, family, chastity, and morality among Latina women. The ideas within marianismo include those of feminine passivity, sexual purity, and self-silencing. D. Male gender roles classified by culture.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,masculinity by culture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003971 1_1_s1vx41mj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'inorganic cation import across plasma membrane'?","A. The directed movement of inorganic cations from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. B. The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+. C. The directed movement of sodium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. D. The directed movement of calcium ions from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,inorganic cation import across plasma membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098659 1_1_kadlphfb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'EGrwR - Computation'?","A. Standard method for ear growth rate. B. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in fresh (field) weight basis. C. Standard method for silk growth rate. D. Divide the total number of PytSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,EGrwR - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000252 1_1_784r4u5a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'placenta praevia'?","A. A uterine disease that is located_in the placenta. B. A placenta disease that is characterized by an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac. C. A placenta disease that is characterized by placenta attachment to the uterine wall close to or covering the cervix. D. A placenta disease that is characterized by an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta, through the endometrium and into the myometrium.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,placenta praevia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11060 1_1_bq78un6f,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other acute lower respiratory infections'?","A. contagious infection of lower respiratory tract B. Respiratory tract infections not specified as acute, chronic, lower, or upper C. an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection D. Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection (most commonly respiratory syncytial virus)",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other acute lower respiratory infections,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000190 1_1_u48n1tl8,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile'?","A. colitis (inflammation of the large intestine) resulting from infection with Clostridium difficile, a spore-forming bacterium. B. Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. C. Enteritis (entero- + -itis) is inflammation of the small intestine. D. A viral or bacterial infectious process affecting the large intestine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Enterocolitis due to Clostridium difficile,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000125 1_1_n1qn8uhn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vertebral vein'?","A. Postnatal age 20 years and up. B. Organismal continuant entity which is enclosed by the bona fide boundary of an organism or is an attribute of its structural organization. Examples: cell, heart, head, peritoneal cavity, apex of lung, anatomical term, sagittal plane. C. Subdivision of brachiocephalic vein, each instance of which arises from some suboccipital venous plexus, passes with some vertebral artery through the transverse foramina of some upper six cervical vertebrae. D. Subdivision of brachiocephalic vein, each instance of which is a vena comitans of some internal thoracic artery that drains some chest all and breast.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vertebral vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma4727 1_1_60hdqthx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'melon fruit food product'?","A. Citrullus lanatus is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like (scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from sub-Saharan Africa. It is cultivated for its fruit. The subdivision of this species into two varieties, watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) var. lanatus) and citron melons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.) B. The fleshy fruit (false berry) of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. C. A radiation quality inhering in a radioactive substance by virtue of its transformation (disintegration) rate. D. Rock which is derived from bedrock through chemical weathering",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,melon fruit food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001152 1_1_1dthy884,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'continuant'?","A. A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. B. An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. C. A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. D. An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,continuant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002 1_1_qvtrhcjp,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'paper dye'?","A. Dyes utilized for coloring textiles such as wool or cellulose fibers. B. Dyes used for the coloration or brightening of paper. C. Pigments carried by solvents or water which are applied to leather to be absorbed into the pores of the leather to deposit coloration. D. A coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,paper dye,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03510012 1_1_n1unsrk3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1D'?","A. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 characterized by severe muscle weakness and failure to thrive apparent in the first months of life that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the EXOSC8 gene on chromosome 13q13.3. B. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 characterized by onset shortly after birth of severe hypotonia and respiratory insufficiency with most patients dying within weeks of birth that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC25A46 gene on chromosome 5q22.1. C. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 characterized by severe hypotonia and motor neuronopathy detectable at birth or in infancy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the EXOSC9 gene on chromosome 4q27. D. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1 characterized by hypotonia, global developmental delay, poor overall growth, and dysmorphic facial features that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the EXOSC1 gene on chromosome 10q24.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1D,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112323 1_1_li9r137k,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Appendicitis'?","A. Appendicitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix. Appendix a hollow organ located at the tip of the cecum, usually in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. B. A narrowing of a segment of colon whereby bowel continuity is maintained. C. Fluid visible on the colonic surface containing fibrin, inflammatory cells, and cellular debris. D. A developmental defect resulting in complete obliteration of the lumen of the colon. That is, there is an abnormal closure, or atresia of the tubular structure of the colon.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Appendicitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000143 1_1_px6viz80,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete BCRANK'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. Equivalence with EDAM data_0582. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete BCRANK,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000112 1_1_ykluz59b,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fibrochondrogenesis 2'?","A. A fibrochondrogenesis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or heterozygous mutation in the COL11A2 gene on chromosome 6p21.3. B. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by shortened long bones in the arms and legs that are unusually wide at the ends, flattened vertebrae with a characteristic pinched or pear shape, and a very narrow chest in infants with short, wide ribs and a round and prominent abdomen. C. A fibrochondrogenesis that is characterized by a flat midface with a small nose and anteverted nares, significant shortening of all limb segments but relatively normal hands and feet, and a small bell-shaped thorax with a protuberant abdomen and that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the COL11A1 gene on chromosome 1p21. D. A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,fibrochondrogenesis 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080673 1_1_d2vs42tq,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis node'?","A. The unifacial terete apical portion of a monocot cotyledon, sometimes also visible on other leaves. B. An umbrella-shaped cardinal organ part that is the apical portion of an archegoniophore and bears archegonia. C. The region of the leaf lamina proximal to the stem and usually connected to it by means of a petiole. D. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005004 1_1_12eghpv3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'data entry keyer'?","A. Operate data entry device, such as keyboard or photo composing perforator. Duties may include verifying data and preparing materials for printing. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate operational, administrative, management, and support services of a U.S. post office; or coordinate activities of workers engaged in postal and related work in assigned post office. C. Operate or control petroleum refining or processing units. May specialize in controlling manifold and pumping systems, gauging or testing oil in storage tanks, or regulating the flow of oil into pipelines. D. Load and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such as coal, sand, and grain, into or from tank cars, trucks, or ships, using material moving equipment. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of products. May gauge or sample shipping tanks and test them for leaks.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,data entry keyer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43902100 1_1_deoupgaz,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'trazodone'?","A. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active. C. An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. D. An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,trazodone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9654 1_1_3p6jym7v,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measured Characteristic'?","A. A characteristic represents a property of an entity that can be measured (e.g., height, length, or color). A characteristic of an entity is observed through a measurement, which further asserts a value of the characteristic for the entity. A characteristic type (e.g., ""height"") can be associated with many different entities, whereas an individual characteristic (a particular occurrence of the ""height"" characteristic) is associated to exactly one entity. B. Molality amount of substance of solute B in a solution divided by the mass of the solvent: Often favored because measurements of mass are more precise than measurements of volume. C. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. ""Irradiance"" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. ""Radiant exitance"" or ""radiant emittance"" is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface. The SI units for all of these quantities are watts per square meter (W/m2) (wikipedia). All of these quantities characterize the total amount of radiation present, at all frequencies. It is also common to consider each frequency in the spectrum separately. When this is done for radiation incident on a surface, it is called spectral irradiance, and has SI units W/m3, or commonly W·m−2·nm−1. D. A measured characteristic of an entity is one that is measurable within the physical world. A measured characteristic includes primary and derived physical dimensions (e.g., length, mass, area, density). The measured value assigned to a measured characteristic may be a quantity (a numerical value) or a quality (a category), including both nominal and ordinal categories.",D,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Measured Characteristic,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#MeasuredCharacteristic 1_1_jztg5d85,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'solar energy systems engineer'?","A. Conduct retail activities of businesses operating exclusively online. May perform duties such as preparing business strategies, buying merchandise, managing inventory, implementing marketing activities, fulfilling and shipping online orders, and balancing financial records. B. Perform complex medical laboratory tests for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. May train or supervise staff. C. Produce financial and market intelligence by querying data repositories and generating periodic reports. Devise methods for identifying data patterns and trends in available information sources. D. Perform site-specific engineering analysis or evaluation of energy efficiency and solar projects involving residential, commercial, or industrial customers. Design solar domestic hot water and space heating systems for new and existing structures, applying knowledge of structural energy requirements, local climates, solar technology, and thermodynamics.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,solar energy systems engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17219911 1_1_o06c8yqe,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'normal'?","A. Right-lateral separation sense; in plan view, the side opposite the observer appears displaced to the right. B. Left-lateral separation sense; in plan view, the side opposite the observer appears displaced to the right. C. Reverse fault with dip typically less than 45 degrees; horizontal compression, rather than vertical displacement is characteristic. D. The hanging wall appears to have moved down relative to the footwall; dip of fault usually 45-90 degrees.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,normal,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/Normal 1_1_oa3yuywx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower respiratory tract smooth muscle'?","A. A stromal cell of the prostate. B. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. C. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lower respiratory tract [Automatically generated definition]. D. A blood vessel endothelium that is part of a lung [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lower respiratory tract smooth muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004233 1_1_3ew2wkgy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nasal width line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by labiale inferius and stomion. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right alare and left alare. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right crista philtri and left crista philtri. D. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right chelion and left chelion.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Nasal width line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284827 1_1_50fpuw8l,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'upslope fog'?","A. A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. B. An advection fog produced as a monsoon circulation that transports warm moist air over a colder surface. C. A type of fog formed when air flows upward over rising terrain and is, consequently, adiabatically cooled to or below its dewpoint. D. 1. According to U.S. weather observing practice, a fog that hides less than 0.6 of the sky and does not extend to the base of any clouds that may lie above it. As an obstruction to vision in an aviation weather observation, ground fog is encoded GF. 2. See radiation fog.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,upslope fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/UpslopeFog 1_1_hlodf2kn,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'basophil mast progenitor cell'?","A. A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes, found in the blood of all mammals, and mainly involved in blood coagulation. B. A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 micron) with a lobated nucleus. Once mature, this cell undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release. C. A cell type that can give rise to basophil and mast cells. This cell is CD34-positive, CD117-positive, CD125-positive, FceRIa-negative, and T1/ST2-negative, and expresses Gata-1, Gata-2, C/EBPa D. The most primitive precursor in the granulocytic series, having fine, evenly distributed chromatin, several nucleoli, a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ration (5:1-7:1), and a nongranular basophilic cytoplasm. They reside in the bone marrow.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,basophil mast progenitor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002028 1_1_vhfjqz3o,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'white matter of forebrain'?","A. A partion of white matter that is part of a telencephalon. This can be further subdivided in some species, for example, into hemisphere white matter and the corpus callosum. B. A white matter that is part of the forebrain. C. A white matter that is part of the midbrain. D. White matter that is part of a brainstem [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,white matter of forebrain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0019261 1_1_0wuc3rki,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'miejour'?","A. A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light. B. A warm, moist sea breeze from the south that sets in at midday in Provence, France, south of Mount Ventoux. In the Roussillon region the midday south wind (mitgjorn) is irregular and generally light, and is dry after crossing the Pyrenees. C. A sea breeze of Naples in Italy. D. A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,miejour,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Miejour 1_1_wqu91l3o,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cavity of bone organ'?","A. Cavity of serous sac surrounded by the tunica vaginalis. B. Organ cavity located within bone tissue (medullary) and/or predominantly surrounded by bone organ parts (sinus, foramen). C. Anatomical cavity, which is surrounded by all morphological parts of an organ; is continuous within the organ; contains one or more body substances. Examples: pericardial cavity, cavity of stomach, cavity of uterus. D. Organ cavity which is bound by the internal surface of the wall of stomach. Examples: There is only one cavity of stomach.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cavity of bone organ,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24021 1_1_37e7wngu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'porphyroclast'?","A. constituent occurs as a collection of particles that are characterized by average properties of the individual particles B. Constituent occurs as crystals formed by metamorphic crystallization, set in a finer-grained groundmass. C. Relict crystal in metamorphic rock, in groundmass of relatively finer-grained material. Connotes that groundmass is result of tectonic reduction in grain size. D. A phenocryst is a relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of a porphyritic igneous rock. Phenocrysts often have euhedral forms either due to early growth within a magma or by post-emplacement recrystallization. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,porphyroclast,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Porphyroclast 1_1_yngkgq19,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycogen storage disease IXb'?","A. A glycogen storage disease IX characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of hepatomegaly, short stature, hypotonia and accumulation of glycogen in both liver and muscle, without clinical symptoms, that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the PHKB gene on chromosome 16q12. B. A glycogen storage disease IX that is characterized by X-linked inheritance of variable exercise-induced muscle weakness or stiffness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PHKA1 gene on chromosome Xq13. C. A glycogen storage disease characterized by deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase kinase activity. D. A glycogen storage disease IX characterized by hepatomegaly, growth retardation, elevation of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and fasting hyperketosis, but symptoms gradually disappear with age, that has_material_basis_in X-linked inheritance of mutation in the PHKA2 gene on chromosome Xp22.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,glycogen storage disease IXb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111041 1_1_jycta69w,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Disallowed'?","A. See Qualified. Alternative labels: violation, prohibited, forbidden B. See normatively qualified. Alternative labels: permitted, sanctioned, let, licensed. C. Loose end. D. Some thing which is qualified (allowed, disallowed) by a norm, i.e. a norm applies to the thing. Taking the principle of deontic choice to mean that the utterer of a normative statement intends to influence choices made by the addressee of the statement, the qualified thing should is comparable to some alternative. Note that Qualified does not partition into Allowed and Disallowed. Firstly, things can be Allowed by one Norm and Disallowed by another one. Secondly, the logical complement of the thing allowed by a permission is qualified (as worse or equal than the thing allowed), but neither allowed nor disallowed.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Disallowed,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Disallowed 1_1_60h5ihqc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'right lower central secondary incisor tooth'?","A. The paired glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina in the superficial perineal pouch in females; they secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands in males. B. Dermal bone that is located posterior to the dentary and lateral to the articular and retroarticular bones of the lower jaw. The angular forms the outer dermal sheet of the posterior part of the lower jaw. The angular bears a portion of the mandibular sensory canal. The angular is a paired bone. C. A lower central secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the lower jaw region. D. A upper primary canine tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,right lower central secondary incisor tooth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8490015 1_1_i0ae5od5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity'?","A. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sugar(out) = protein histidine + sugar phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport. B. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + sorbitol(out) = protein histidine + sorbitol phosphate(in). This differs from primary and secondary active transport in that the solute is modified during transport. C. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose(out) = protein histidine + N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphate(in). D. Catalysis of the PEP-dependent, phosphoryl transfer-driven transport of substances across a membrane. The transport happens by catalysis of the reaction: protein N-phosphohistidine + D-glucosamine(out) = protein histidine + glucosamine-6-phosphate(in).",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sorbitol phosphotransferase system transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022856 1_1_me7fq6zr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''BicARE''?","A. Provides high level functions for reading Affy .CEL files, phenotypic data, and then computing simple things with it, such as t-tests, fold changes and the like. Makes heavy use of the affy library. Also has some basic scatter plot functions and mechanisms for generating high resolution journal figures B. Bayesian integrated analysis of Affymetrix GeneChips C. The IRanges class and its extensions are low-level containers for storing sets of integer ranges. A typical use of these containers in biology is for representing a set of chromosome regions. More specific extensions of the IRanges class will typically allow the storage of additional information attached to each chromosome region as well as a hierarchical relationship between these regions. D. This package is dedicated to biclustering analysis which allows to discover sets of genes that have the same expression pattern accross a set of samples",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'BicARE',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100043 1_1_sh6o9f1n,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 7'?","A. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posteromedial head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anteroseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musle tissue, anterolateral head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferolateral and the mid anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posterior head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferoseptal and the mid inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, anterior head of posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anteroseptal and the mid anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 7,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86059 1_1_g8trp7dy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'naphtha'?","A. A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. B. A flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. C. A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. D. A manufactured product consisting of a table or desk used for sewing.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,naphtha,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03510035 1_1_m6guuqw9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'trans-2-coumaric acid'?","A. A pyridoisoquinoline that is 1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 8 by 2-hydroxyethyl, ethyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively, and by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 2R,3R,11bS stereoisomer). It is a benzo[a]quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Alangium lamarckii. B. An abietane diterpenoid that is ferruginol in which the methylene group para to the phenolic hydroxy group has been substituted by an oxo group. C. The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid. D. A lignan that is 3-methyloxolane substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 5 and a (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from the bark of Machilus robusta.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,trans-2-coumaric acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18125 1_1_05wm0rkr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'deltopectoral crest'?","A. One of the lateral or medial condyles of the tibia. B. A zone of skin that is part of a scrotum. C. Any duct branching of of the main epididymis duct. D. A rough elevation at the middle of the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,deltopectoral crest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002498 1_1_vzcsh4v2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol'?","A. A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin. B. A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids. C. A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. D. Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_66964 1_1_dodd02cd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(R)-2-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA(4-)'?","A. An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. B. A fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of 2-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. C. A fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (R)-2-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. D. A fatty acyl-CoA(4) arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of (9S,13S)-1a,1b-dinor-12-oxo-10,15-phytodienoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(R)-2-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87474 1_1_zvqk85no,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glyceride in which any two of the R groups (positions not specified) are acyl groups while the remaining R group can be either H or an alkyl group. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006640 1_1_z6j876ge,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'equipment maintenance'?","A. A skill realized in managing one's own time and the time of others. B. A skill realized in performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. C. A skill realized in controlling operations of equipment or systems. D. A skill realized in understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,equipment maintenance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000025 1_1_4irxrp8v,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'insurance appraiser, auto damage'?","A. Generate radiation treatment plans, develop radiation dose calculations, communicate and supervise the treatment plan implementation, and consult with members of radiation oncology team. B. Manage operations at hydroelectric power generation facilities. Maintain and monitor hydroelectric plant equipment for efficient and safe plant operations. C. Operate or control nuclear reactors. Move control rods, start and stop equipment, monitor and adjust controls, and record data in logs. Implement emergency procedures when needed. May respond to abnormalities, determine cause, and recommend corrective action. D. Appraise automobile or other vehicle damage to determine repair costs for insurance claim settlement. Prepare insurance forms to indicate repair cost or cost estimates and recommendations. May seek agreement with automotive repair shop on repair costs.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"insurance appraiser, auto damage",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13103200 1_1_md4f5hhn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Motor unit'?","A. Membrane organ which is attached to the pericardial sac proper and the central tendon of diaphragm and is continuous with the pretracheal fascia. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of areolar connective tissue that is connected together by the intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve. C. Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts two or more types of cells grouped together according to shared attributes. D. Cell cluster which has as its direct parts motor neuron and skeletal muscle cell.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Motor unit,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281369 1_1_zd15ptrf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscular septum morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum. B. The process in which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,muscular septum morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003150 1_1_kothl6au,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'promissory note'?","A. financial instrument and credit agreement evidencing monies owed by the issuer to the holder on terms as specified B. sequence of characters uniquely identifying a financial instrument for some purpose and within a specified context C. debt instrument that is a written promise by one party to another that commits that party to pay a specified sum on demand or within a specified time frame under specified terms D. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,promissory note,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/PromissoryNote 1_1_48p8x4ld,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'naphthalenes'?","A. Any benzenoid aromatic compound consisting of the benzene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. B. Any benzenoid aromatic compound having a skeleton composed of two ortho-fused benzene rings. C. An aromatic hydrocarbon comprising two fused benzene rings. It occurs in the essential oils of numerous plant species e.g. magnolia. D. A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,naphthalenes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25477 1_1_og075mqc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid'?","A. A dimethylbenzoic acid in which the two methyl groups are located at positions 2 and 5. B. A dimethylbenzoic acid in which the two methyl groups are located at positions 3 and 5. C. A dimethylbenzoic acid in which the two methyl groups are located at positions 3 and 4. D. A dimethylbenzoic acid in which the two methyl groups are located at positions 2 and 4.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64825 1_1_3kmqkupk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pod thickness'?","A. Thickness of pods. B. Plant growth habit. C. Width of terminal leaflet. D. Length of petioles.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Pod thickness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_346:0000202 1_1_r62yusbm,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'inorganic macronutrient dissolved in ocean water'?","A. Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. B. A width which is relatively small. C. A macronutrient role which inheres in nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, ammonium, silicon, or phosphate dissolved in ocean water. D. A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,inorganic macronutrient dissolved in ocean water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001496 1_1_d540ap76,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'corolla'?","A. A collective phyllome structure that consists of two or more of the most distal perichaetal bracts on a gametophore axis and surround a capsule. B. A collective phyllome structure composed of two or more involucral bracts at the base of a cluster of flowers, as found in Asteraceae or Compositae. C. A collective phyllome structure that is composed of one or more petals , comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs and surrounds the androecium and the gynoecium . D. A collective phyllome structure composed of two or more phyllomes immediately outside the calyx .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,corolla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009059 1_1_ny9yp709,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital myasthenic syndrome 1A'?","A. A congenital myasthenic syndrome characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of postsynaptic neuromuscular junction defects, early-onset progressive muscle weakness, and prolonged opening and activity of the acetylcholine receptor channel that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CHRNB1 gene on chromosome 17p13. B. A congenital myasthenic syndrome characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of postsynaptic neuromuscular junction defects, early-onset muscle weakness, and low amplitude of the miniature endplate potential and current that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the CHRNB1 gene on chromosome 17p13. C. A congenital myasthenic syndrome characterized by predominantly autosomal dominant inheritance of defects in postsynaptic neuromuscular junctions and early-onset progressive muscle weakness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CHRNA1 gene on chromosome 2q. D. A congenital myasthenic syndrome characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of postsynaptic neuromuscular junction defects resulting in prolonged synaptic currents and early-onset progressive muscle weakness that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CHRND gene on chromosome 2q37.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital myasthenic syndrome 1A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110663 1_1_qnainqmw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'colon cancer'?","A. A colorectal cancer that arises from the colon or rectum and invades through the muscularis mucosa into the submucosa. B. A colon carcinoma that derives_from squamous cells and gland-like cells. C. A colorectal cancer that is located_in the rectum. D. A colorectal cancer that is located_in the colon.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,colon cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_219 1_1_ujrg9o0m,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.17 seventeen leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at twenty or more nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at nineteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which leaves at thirteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. D. The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.17 seventeen leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007067 1_1_orp6mqwf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'visualization'?","A. The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. B. The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object. C. The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged. D. The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,visualization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000108 1_1_zz2c7vhz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'collective plant structure'?","A. A unicellular or multicellular plant structure that forms a non-sclerified outgrowth from the epidermis . B. A plant structure that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells of one or more types. C. A plant structure that is a proper part of a whole plant and includes two or more adjacent plant organs or adjacent cardinal organ parts , along with any associated portions of plant tissue . D. A plant structure that is the apical most portion of a trichome apex .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,collective plant structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025497 1_1_r5tcbp3x,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'graphic novel'?","A. A book made up of comics content. Although the word ""novel"" normally refers to long fictional works, the term ""graphic novel"" is applied broadly and includes fiction, non-fiction, and anthologized work. It is distinguished from the term ""comic book"", which is generally used for comics periodicals. B. Comics published on a website or mobile application. C. A graphic novel related to LGBTQIA+ persons, subjects, and/or culture. D. A comic publication related to LGBTQIA+ persons, subjects, and/or culture.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,graphic novel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008356 1_1_ghzkc0if,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'RbcBook1'?","A. Generic database methods B. This package is an infrastructure for dealing with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc. C. Support for Springer monograph on Bioconductor D. Queries, data structure and interface to visualization of interaction datasets. This package inplements the PSI-MI 2.5 standard and supports up to now 8 databases. Further databases supporting PSI-MI 2.5 standard will be added continuously.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,RbcBook1,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000352 1_1_e2hg1xur,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tetrapyrrole catabolic process. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulose catabolic process.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of tetrapyrrole catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901405 1_1_g6i1s3mb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'widowed person'?","A. A person who has gone through the process of divorce. B. A person who is unmarried. In common usage, a person who is not involved in any type of serious romantic and/or sexual relationship. C. A person who is married. D. A person who has been widowed.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,widowed person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007727 1_1_b50cq49u,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lung secretory cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung ciliated cell. A lung ciliated cell is a specialized lung epithelial cell that contains cilia for moving substances released from lung secretory cells. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lung secretory cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061140 1_1_1e2zer4r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf color'?","A. Color pattern on seed coat (testa) at harvest. B. Size of the leaf. C. Maximum rooting depth. D. A qualitative expression of leaf color.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000020 1_1_qy3ckm8y,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'amino-acid derivative'?","A. Any amino acid derivative that is the N-acetyl or O-acetyl derivative of an amino acid. B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. C. Any derivative of an amino acid resulting from reaction at an amino group, carboxy group, side-chain functional group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen by a heteroatom. The definition normally excludes peptides containing amino acid residues. D. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,amino-acid derivative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83821 1_1_1dof2ai7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'erosionally enriched glacial ice'?","A. Any water ice that is part of a glacier. B. A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. C. Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. D. Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,erosionally enriched glacial ice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000005 1_1_xrg0o1f5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ketone'?","A. A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3, by a methyl group at positions 5, and by a 10-hydroxydecyl group at positions 6. Initially developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, benefits were modest; it was subsequently found to be of benefit for the symptomatic treatment of Friedreich's ataxia. B. A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). C. A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. D. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ketone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17087 1_1_navdsqwi,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left ovarian vein'?","A. Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. B. Ovarian vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the right pampiniform plexus of some broad ligament. C. Alveodental arch located in maxillary region of mouth. D. Subdivision of inferior systemic venous tree, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains the pampiniform plexus of somee broad ligament.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left ovarian vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14347 1_1_g8jsvl4p,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of cigarettes smoked per day'?","A. A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a e-cigarette. B. A data item which indicates the number of days a person has remained abstinent from a particular substance or behaviour. C. A data item that is the percentage of study participants who were eligible for follow-up but could not be contacted at a follow-up point. D. A data item which is about the amount of cigarette smoking a person does and is the average number of cigarettes smoked per day by a person over a period.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of cigarettes smoked per day,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000690 1_1_w1kwph1h,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventral aorta morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the anatomical structures of the ventral aorta are generated and organized. The ventral aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the gills. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of an aorta are generated and organized. An aorta is an artery that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body. C. A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor. D. The process in which the anatomical structures of the dorsal aorta are generated and organized. The dorsal aorta is a blood vessel in a single-pass circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood from the gills to the rest of the body. In a single-pass circulatory system blood passes once through the heart to supply the body once.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ventral aorta morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035913 1_1_h1vtqmcy,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'transverse gyrus of Heschl'?","A. The area of the temporal lobe concerned with hearing[MP]. The transverse temporal gyri (also called Heschl's gyri or Heschl's convolutions) are found in the area of primary auditory cortex in the superior temporal gyrus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42. It is the first cortical structure to process incoming auditory information. Anatomically, the transverse temporal gyri are distinct in that they run mediolaterally (towards the center of the brain) rather than dorsiventrally (front to back) as all other temporal lobe gyri run. The Heschl's gyri are named after Richard L. Heschl. B. Component of the middle frontal gyrus. The rostral boundary of the middle frontal gyrus was the rostral extent of the middle frontal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were designated as the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). C. Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary (Christine Fennema-Notestine). D. Component of the parietal lobe. The appearance and disappearance of the central sulcus were the rostral and caudal boundaries of the postcentral gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the lateral bank of the precentral gyrus and the lateral fissure and/or the medial bank of the superior parietal gyrus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,transverse gyrus of Heschl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003939 1_1_0pzszlp7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'sister chromatid segregation'?","A. The process in which genetic material, in the form of nuclear chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. Nuclear chromosome segregation begins with the condensation of chromosomes, includes chromosome separation, and ends when chromosomes have completed movement to the spindle poles. B. The cell cycle process in which replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets. C. The cell cycle process in which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets. D. The process in which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized into specific structures and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during M phase of the meiotic cell cycle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,sister chromatid segregation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000819 1_1_dmhwxsrn,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative emotion'?","A. A positive emotion which is experienced in reaction to a positive experience or event. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive. C. A negative emotion is an emotion that has a negative valence. D. A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,negative emotion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000212 1_1_5omokfcr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete PROcess'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete PROcess,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000322 1_1_gvqtdvbs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluphenazine'?","A. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is a member of the drug class known as statins, used primarily for lowering blood cholesterol and for preventing cardiovascular diseases. B. A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression. C. A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). D. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the N-10 position.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,fluphenazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5123 1_1_uw83ha3s,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'doline karst'?","A. Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. B. Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. C. Karsts usually form in masses of carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. Karst landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. D. A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,doline karst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000336 1_1_35yi8pwj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'strap-on anal intercourse'?","A. Sexual intercourse used with a dildo attached to a harness for either vaginal or anal penetration. B. Sexual intercourse in which an object, typically a sex toy, is inserted into the anus. C. Sexual intercourse used with a dildo attached to a harness for anal penetration. D. Sexual intercourse used with a dildo attached to a harness for vaginal penetration.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,strap-on anal intercourse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008104 1_1_cgx17sdw,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'market research analyst or marketing specialist'?","A. Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims. B. Research conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets. Gather information to determine potential sales of a product or service, or plan a marketing or advertising campaign. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May employ search marketing tactics, analyze web metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking and visibility to target markets. C. Plan and direct policies, procedures, or systems to prevent the loss of assets. Determine risk exposure or potential liability, and develop risk control measures. D. Apply knowledge of health care and database management to analyze clinical data, and to identify and report trends.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,market research analyst or marketing specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13116100 1_1_druxs4od,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'enterochromaffin-like cell'?","A. A enteroendocrine cell type that is numerous in ileum, present in jejunum and large intestine, few in duodenum. This cell type produces glucagon-like immunoreactants (glicentin, glucagon-37, glucagon-29, GLP-1 and -2) and PYY. B. A subtype of enteroendocrine cells found in the gastrointestinal mucosa, particularly in the glands of pyloric antrum; duodenum; and ileum. These cell type secretes serotonin and some neurotransmitters including enkephalins and substance P. Their secretory granules stain readily with silver (argentaffin stain). C. Scattered in duodenojejunal mucosa, this enteroendocrine cell secretes secretin and serotonin. D. A enteroendocrine cell part of the glands of the gastric mucosa. They produce histamine and peptides such as chromogranins. This cell type respond to gastrin by releasing histamine which acts as a paracrine stimulator of the release of hydrochloric acid from the gastric parietal cells.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,enterochromaffin-like cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000504 1_1_tunpnv0c,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'object'?","A. Any electronic or physical format of a FRBR Expression: OOXML, ODT, XML, TIFF, PDF, print, etc. E.g.: PDF representation of act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006. B. Anything concrete (i.e. made of atoms) that can be referred to but that does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: a pen, a pet, a building. C. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology. D. The physical copy of any manifestation, such as a sheet of paper on a desk or file stored somewhere in some computer on the net or disconnected. E.g.: the file called act32005.pdf on my computer containing a PDF representation of act 3, 2005.",B,1_1,legal/allot,object,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Object 1_1_glb5zfov,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-methionine zwitterion'?","A. A D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion that is D-tyrosine in which a proton has been transferred from the carboxy group to the amino group. It is the major species at pH 7.3. B. A D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion that is D-octopine in which both carboxy groups are anionic and the secondary amino and guanidine imino functions are protonated. C. Zwitterionic form of D-methionine arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion that is D-asparagine in which a proton has been transferred from the carboxy group to the amino group. It is the major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-methionine zwitterion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_57932 1_1_7b2mmnd9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sensory processing'?","A. Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect. B. The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. C. The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sensory processing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050893 1_1_0qwsqg1a,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tombolo'?","A. A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. B. A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. C. A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. D. A polysaccharide that functions as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener in mixtures.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tombolo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000420 1_1_mc5j6xyf,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Administrative Area'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:ResourceTypeTable B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept either in concept scheme eli:AdministrativeAreaTable or in concept scheme https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/atu (Administrative Territorial Unit table published of the EU Publications Office). C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:MediaTypeTable. D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/language",B,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Administrative Area,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#AdministrativeArea 1_1_jtygodr4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal material'?","A. Any of various biological substances which are organic and produced via natural processes. B. An animal skin treated for human use. C. A country in western Africa, southeast of Algeria and north of Nigeria. D. Any of various materials created by or originated from animals.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,animal material,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008726 1_1_94ajvewx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of europium in water ice'?","A. The concentration of europium when measured in water ice. B. The concentration of urea when measured in liquid water. C. The concentration of cerium when measured in water ice. D. The concentration of lithium when measured in water ice.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of europium in water ice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200025 1_1_msixx3nw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root knot nematode susceptibility'?","A. Bean bug (Clavigralla tomentosicollis) susceptibility. B. Cocoa weevil (Araecerus fasciculatus) susceptibility. C. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) susceptibility. D. Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) susceptibility.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root knot nematode susceptibility,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_366:0000139 1_1_862effys,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legal Person (Private Law)'?","A. A voluntary association (also sometimes called an unincorporated association, or just an association) is a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to form a body (or organization) to accomplish a purpose. B. A company refers to a legal entity formed which has a separate legal identity from its members, and is ordinarily incorporated to undertake commercial business. Although some jurisdictions refer to unincorporated entities as companies, in most jurisdictions the term refers only to incorporated entities. C. A legal person as defined in private law D. An organized group of people associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Legal Person (Private Law),http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Private_Legal_Person 1_1_hg61frs4,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'external to'?","A. Positional quality in which an entity is located outside of another entity. B. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed. C. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located in a position equidistant from edges. D. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located further from a more centrally located entity.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,external to,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002483 1_1_1egcf632,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of postsynapse organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). B. Any process that modulates the physical form of a presynapse. C. Any process that modulates the physical form of a postsynapse. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of postsynapse organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099175 1_1_4qoc7y3m,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitelline blood vessel'?","A. A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. B. Blood vessel that is connected to the yolk sac. C. A blood vessel that is part of a tail [Automatically generated definition]. D. A blood vessel that is part of a neck [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,vitelline blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004365 1_1_y61e0gio,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of natural killer cell degranulation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of natural killer cell degranulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043321 1_1_pgu1tmin,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pistillate flower'?","A. A small flower that is part of a spikelet . B. A small, pistillate flower that is part of a ear spikelet . C. A flower that includes as part an androecium , and the gynoecium is absent or has aborted during development. D. A flower that includes as part a single carpel or a gynoecium , but the androecium is absent or has aborted during development.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pistillate flower,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025599 1_1_iiflp79f,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Storage root formation'?","A. Observe the relative storage root yield and rate it. Observe an average or all storage roots within a single plant or plot B. Observe the reaction of the storage root to sweet potato weevil and rate it C. Observe the reaction to Sweet potato virus disease complex (SPVD complex) and rate it D. Observe the storage root formation and rate it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Storage root formation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000457 1_1_kqjcp3rd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'induction of bacterial agglutination'?","A. An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid. B. Catalysis of the joining of two groups within a single molecule via a carbon-nitrogen bond, forming heterocyclic ring, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. C. An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid. Examples of this process are the antibacterial humoral responses in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster. D. Any process in which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,induction of bacterial agglutination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043152 1_1_8ytcxxm3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mass of compounded environmental materials'?","A. An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material B. A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. C. An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material D. An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mass of compounded environmental materials,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001691 1_1_h9bm01sh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'protective service worker, all other'?","A. Conduct screening of passengers, baggage, or cargo to ensure compliance with Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations. May operate basic security equipment such as x-ray machines and hand wands at screening checkpoints. B. All protective service workers not listed separately. C. Monitor recreational areas, such as pools, beaches, or ski slopes, to provide assistance and protection to participants. D. Implement procedures and systems to prevent merchandise loss. Conduct audits and investigations of employee activity. May assist in developing policies, procedures, and systems for safeguarding assets.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"protective service worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33909900 1_1_be334uw4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flesh darkening after cooking'?","A. The specific gravity is an important quality criterion for processing potatoes, it used to estimate the solids or dry matter content of tubers B. The visual aspect of boiled potatoes: potatoes turn gray or dark after boiling C. The darkening of the flesh after cooking D. The protocatechuic acid concentration in tuber",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flesh darkening after cooking,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000183 1_1_9on5kcpb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Internode In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility'?","A. Main shoot stem higher heating value of the dry matter B. Vascular bundle density in the internode inner zone (Z2). Outer and inner zones are delimited visually based on their anatomical differences. Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. C. Internode hemicellulose content of Cell Wall Residues (CWR). Internode rank and time of observation must be provided when using this trait. Internode stands here for internode of the main shoot. D. Internode In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Internode In Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000920 1_1_acjqc7oi,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile duct DP'?","A. Hepatitis (not hepatitis A or hepatitis B); inflammation of the liver B. Cancerous tumor of a respiratory organ (upper lobe, bronchus, or lung) C. A state of bone marrow suppression and failure that is caused by a cytotoxic or adverse immunologic response to a drug treatment, leading to a failure of production of red blood cells, white cells and platelets. D. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,secondary malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile duct DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000335 1_1_tbosdroh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'multi-tissue plant structure'?","A. A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. B. A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. C. A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. D. A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,multi-tissue plant structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025496 1_1_nkou8fw1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxyphilic endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma'?","A. An endometrial adenocarcinoma that is composed predominantly or entirely of large eosinophilic cells. B. An endometrial carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. C. An endometrial adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue, which produce mucin. D. An endometrial adenocarcinoma that is characterized by the presence of cells with clear cytoplasm.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,oxyphilic endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6865 1_1_bxk5zlyd,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'gutka'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried, roasted, and finely chopped tobacco is mixed with areca nut, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), catechu, and other condiments, sweeteners, and flavourings to create dry granular product. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which dried tobacco is mixed with varied additives to create a moist, ground form. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun/fire dried tobacco leaves are mixed with ash to form a quid. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which dark coloured Mapacho tobacco, inner bark of Mocambo tree and cacahuilo tree are mixed to form an extremely fine dust.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,gutka,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000960 1_1_hvg2uv2a,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of retail sales worker'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut textiles. B. Install glass in windows, skylights, store fronts, and display cases, or on surfaces, such as building fronts, interior walls, ceilings, and tabletops. C. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of retail sales workers in an establishment or department. Duties may include management functions, such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties. D. Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of retail sales worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41101100 1_1_x4mf4ff3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA'?","A. A cutis laxa characterized by a progeria-like appearance, ophthalmologic abnormalities, large and late-closing fontanel, joint hyperlaxity, athetoid movements, hyperreflexia, growth retardation, intellectual deficit, developmental delay, corneal clouding, and cataract. B. A autosomal recessive cutis laxa type III that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the ALDH18A1 gene on chromosome 10q24. C. An autosomal recessive cutis laxa type III that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PYCR1 gene on chromosome 17q25. D. A sphingolipidosis characterized by the accumulation of sulfatides in cells, especially the myelin producing cells of the nervous system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive cutis laxa type IIIA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070132 1_1_mnj95w9k,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell chemotaxis. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell migration. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell migration. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte chemotaxis.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of astrocyte chemotaxis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000459 1_1_p9l09xw3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ADP-alpha-D-ribose 1''-phosphate(4-)'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3. B. Tetraanion of ADP-alpha-D-ribose 1''-phosphate arising from deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions. Major species at pH 7.3. C. A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion obtained via deprotonation of the diphosphate and carboxy OH groups and protonation of the primary amino group of UDP-2-acetamido-3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucuronic acid; major species at pH 7.3. D. A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the diphosphate OH groups of UDP-2-acetamido-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-glucose; major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ADP-alpha-D-ribose 1''-phosphate(4-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58753 1_1_8sj9egsx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acute megakaryocytic leukemia'?","A. A rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia evolving from primitive megakaryoblasts. B. A type of acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal promyelocytes predominate. C. A clonal (malignant) hematopoietic disorder with an acute onset, affecting the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. The malignant cells show minimal differentiation and are called blasts, either myeloid blasts (myeloblasts) or lymphoid blasts (lymphoblasts). D. An acute leukemia characterized by the proliferation of both neutrophil and monocyte precursors.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Acute megakaryocytic leukemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006733 1_1_a2o2bqbh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'relation'?","A. In mathematics, the concept of a relation is a generalization of 2-place relations, such as the relation of equality, less than, greater than, etc.. [Wikipedia] B. An equation is a mathematical statement, in symbols, that two things are exactly the same (or equivalent). [Wikipedia] C. The Acorn worms or Enteropneusta are a hemichordate class of invertebrates. Acorn worms are classified in the phylum Hemichordata, closely related to the chordates. There are about 70 species of acorn worm in the world, the main species for research being Saccoglossus kowaleski. All species are infaunal benthos that either may be deposit feeders or suspension feeders. Some of these worms may grow to be very long; one particular species may reach a length of 2.5 meters (almost eight feet), although most acorn worms are much, much smaller. D. A shoal is a somewhat linear landform within or extending into a body of water, typically comprised of sand, silt or small pebbles. Alternatively termed sandbar or sandbank, a bar is characteristically long and narrow (linear) and develops where a stream or ocean current promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. Alternatively a bar may separate a lake from the sea, as in the case of an ayre. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,relation,http://sweetontology.net/reprMath/Relation 1_1_u783pno6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'information security analyst'?","A. Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work. B. Produce financial and market intelligence by querying data repositories and generating periodic reports. Devise methods for identifying data patterns and trends in available information sources. C. Restore, maintain, or prepare objects in museum collections for storage, research, or exhibit. May work with specimens such as fossils, skeletal parts, or botanicals; or artifacts, textiles, or art. May identify and record objects or install and arrange them in exhibits. Includes book or document conservators. D. Plan, implement, upgrade, or monitor security measures for the protection of computer networks and information. Assess system vulnerabilities for security risks and propose and implement risk mitigation strategies. May ensure appropriate security controls are in place that will safeguard digital files and vital electronic infrastructure. May respond to computer security breaches and viruses.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,information security analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15121200 1_1_8yzhficl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Man-(1->6)-2-PEtn-alpha-D-Man-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcN-(1->6)-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-2-acyl-inositol zwitterion'?","A. A diterpene. B. Synta66 is an inhibitor of store-operated calcium entry channel Orai, which forms the pore of the CRAC channel, and used for the research of neurological disease. C. A phosphoethanolamine-glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol derivative where R1 can be an alkyl or an acyl group, R2 and R3 are both acyl groups of undefined composition. D. Conjugate base of ascr#30-CoA",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"alpha-D-Man-(1->6)-2-PEtn-alpha-D-Man-(1->4)-alpha-D-GlcN-(1->6)-(1-radyl,2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)-1D-myo-2-acyl-inositol zwitterion",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144036 1_1_xn31auf3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD24-negative CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell'?","A. An CD24-positive CD38-negative IgG-negative memory B cell is a CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD24-positive, CD38-negative, and IgG-negative. B. A CD38-negative IgG-negative memory B cell is a IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD38-negative and IgG-negative. C. A CD24-negative CD38-negative IgG-negative memory B cell is a CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell that lacks IgG on the cell surface with the phenotype CD24-negative, CD38-negative, and IgG-negative. D. Obliteration of the glomerular capillary lumen by increased collagenous matrix, with or without hyalinosis or foam cells. Sclerosis involves 100% of the glomerular tuft. Relative to other patent glomeruli in the sample, glomerular size is preserved, or increased/decreased by no more than 50%.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,CD24-negative CD38-negative IgG-negative class switched memory B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002121 1_1_rkg94q7q,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ischemic cardiomyopathy DP'?","A. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/tx4090abc B. heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries. When arteries are narrowed, less blood and oxygen reaches the heart muscle. This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack. C. Ischemic heart disease is the term given to heart problems caused by narrowed heart (coronary) arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. It's most often it is caused by buildup of plaque, called atherosclerosis. D. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,ischemic cardiomyopathy DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000213 1_1_z332pubv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'globoside Gb4'?","A. A glycotetraosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base. B. A glycotetraosylceramide having N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the tetrasaccharide component. C. A glycotetraosylceramide in which a linear beta-D-GalNAc-(1->3)-alpha-D-Gal-(1->-4)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc tetrasaccharide unit is linked glycosidically to a (3R,4E)-3-hydroxy-2-(pentacosanoylamino)octadec-4-en-1-yl ceramide group. D. An oligoglycosylceramide consisting of a glycotetraosyl moiety attached to the ceramide oxygen with an unspecified N-acyl substituent attached to the ceramide nitrogen.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,globoside Gb4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84125 1_1_s6d07w44,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyramidal layer of CA3'?","A. Part of stratum oriens lying in area CA3 deep to the CA3 pyramidal cell layer and continuous with stratum oriens of area CA2 and bounded by the dentate gyrus hilus. B. A layer of hippocampal field that is part of a hippocampus pyramidal layer and is part of a CA3 field of hippocampus. C. Part of stratum lacunosum-moleculare in area CA3. It is bounded by the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA2 and CA1. It is bounded superficially by the pial surface and deep by the CA3 stratum radiatum. It is continuous with the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA2. D. Part of alveus lying within hippocampal sector CA3.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pyramidal layer of CA3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014550 1_1_4vuq4tas,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein signal transduction. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902071 1_1_8am5m6mw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'tumor'?","A. is a pathological anatomical structures transformed from pathological continuant entities. B. is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis. C. is a type of abnormal and excessive growth, called neoplasia, of tissue. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and it persists growing abnormally, even if the original trigger is removed.[1][2][3] This abnormal growth usually (but not always) forms a mass.[4] When it forms a mass, it may be called a tumor. D. An exostosis, also known as bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.[1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion. It is most commonly found in places like the ribs, where small bone growths form, but sometimes larger growths can grow on places like the ankles, knees, shoulders, elbows and hips. Very rarely are they on the skull.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,tumor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000104 1_1_7y58estn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malaise and fatigue'?","A. physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury B. a symptom that makes one feel weakness, discomfort, or illness C. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease D. A disorder characterized by a queasy sensation and/or the urge to vomit",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malaise and fatigue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000435 1_1_hmahw47w,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gender studies journal'?","A. Academic journals which cover linguistics topics. B. Academic journals which cover gender studies topics. C. Any of various journals which communicate academic study and research in the humanities. D. Academic journals which cover law topics.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gender studies journal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004605 1_1_be69c12q,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'seeing'?","A. A mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving a part of the environment of the organism, and b) is experienced by the organism as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the organism. B. Seeing (visual perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving light rays from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by photoreceptors in the retina, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject C. Taste perception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the tongue and nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject D. Nociception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process specialized internal sensory cells in, for example, skin, muscles and joints, and b) by which actual or immanent tissue damage are reported to the organism, and c) which is experienced by the subject as being so caused",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,seeing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000024 1_1_6hyztbpt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'oblong'?","A. A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt B. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides. C. A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. D. A quality inhering in a bearer that is shaped in the form of a fan.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,oblong,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000946 1_1_1vwjxxdb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'fetal alcohol spectrum disorder'?","A. A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. B. A specific developmental disorder marked by a pattern of repetitive behavior wherein the rights of others or social norms are violated. C. A specific developmental disorder and physical disorder that is characterized by physical, behavioral and learning birth defects resulting from maternal ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy. D. A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in damage to organs, bones, or muscles due to prenatal alcohol exposure.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,fetal alcohol spectrum disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050696 1_1_5cgcp9v3,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'multtest'?","A. Resampling-based multiple hypothesis testing B. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed. C. Estimation and Testing for Differential Expression in Multiple Digital Gene Expression Libraries. D. This package contains functions for the efficient design of factorial two-colour microarray experiments and for the statistical analysis of factorial microarray data.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,multtest,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000630 1_1_3pt70z08,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'extrachromosomal DNA'?","A. Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome. B. DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome. C. A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers. D. The complex infective apparatus corresponding to the central mass of cytoplasm within a spore that is injected into a host cell by various parasitic microorganisms.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,extrachromosomal DNA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046821 1_1_g7rhu3is,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal renal corticomedullary differentiation'?","A. Any anomalous structure of the renal corpuscle, which is the initial component of the nephron that filters blood. The renal corpuscle consists of a knot of capillaries (glomerulus) that is surrounded by a double-walled capsule (Bowman capsule) that opens into a renal tubule. B. The presence of multiple cysts at the border between the renal cortex and medulla. C. Presence of cysts at the corticomedullary junction of the kidney in combination with tubulointerstitial fibrosis. D. An abnormality of corticomedullary differentiation (CMD) on diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging, computer tomography, or sonography. CMD is a difference in the visualization of cortex and medulla.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal renal corticomedullary differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005932 1_1_7b46bxu5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-oxochola-4,22-dien-24-oyl-CoA(4-)'?","A. An acyl-CoA(4-) oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3-oxochola-4,22-dien-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. B. An acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of 3beta-hydroxychola-5,22-dien-24-oyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. C. A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of 3-oxochenodeoxycholoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3. D. A steroidal acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of phosphate and diphosphate functions of 3-oxodeoxycholoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3-oxochola-4,22-dien-24-oyl-CoA(4-)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86413 1_1_u3vjvmos,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac ventricle'?","A. Cardiac chamber through which blood leaves the heart. B. A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart C. Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart. D. Any chamber of the left side of the heart",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cardiac ventricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002082 1_1_kqt8r1h2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(8S)-cinchonan'?","A. The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions. B. Cinchonan or its (8S)-epimer. C. The (8S)-epimer of cinchonan. D. A triterpenoid obtained by methylation at position 3 of botryococcene with concomitant double bond migration from position 2 to position 1.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(8S)-cinchonan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59138 1_1_r77m2ek6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b in liquid water'?","A. The concentration of divinyl chlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. B. The concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. C. The concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b when measured in liquid water. D. The concentration of chlorophyllide a when measured in liquid water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b in liquid water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3100013 1_1_fc2kifiw,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grade'?","A. A period of comic book history. B. A grade assigned to a comic item that represents a summary of its condition. C. A format in which a comic is embodied. D. A creative role in the production of a comic work.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Grade,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Grade 1_1_vi4vuvll,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'anther wall tapetum'?","A. A portion of secretory tissue that has as parts articulated laticifer cells . B. An tapetum that is part of a microsporangium wall . C. A microsporangium tapetum that is part of an anther wall . D. A shoot axis stele that is part of a stem.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,anther wall tapetum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009071 1_1_4dl7ml7w,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'antimanic drug'?","A. A psychoactive substance that is used to treat psychosis. B. Antimanic drugs are agents used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. C. Anxiolytic drugs are agents that alleviate anxiety, tension, and anxiety disorders, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. D. A traditional grouping of drugs said to have a soothing or calming effect on mood, thought or behaviour.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,antimanic drug,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35477 1_1_0ze96xfw,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'intubation'?","A. Agent delivery of a tube into an external or internal orifice of the body for the purpose of adding or removing fluids or air. B. Cyclopropane and its derivatives formed by substitution. C. Epidemic of HIV infection. D. A material processing technique performed to locally deliver an agent to a recipient.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,intubation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0001108 1_1_mbig3qkh,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acquired absence of organs, not elsewhere classified'?","A. Encounter for general adult medical examination B. removal of organ (surgery/injury) C. a procedure in which blood is collected, part of the blood such as platelets or white blood cells is taken out, and the rest of the blood is returned to the donor. D. financial problems related to housing or general economic standing",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"acquired absence of organs, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000592 1_1_0pg27vts,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of B cell cytokine production'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity. D. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of B cell cytokine production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002721 1_1_qr9b6o9n,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily cannabis use'?","A. A material entity-related behaviour that uses a non-living object. B. A substance use behaviour pattern that involves use of cannabis. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth. D. A cannabis use behaviour pattern that involves ingesting cannabis at least once per day.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily cannabis use,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000654 1_1_ept4z8ur,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'traumatic brain injury'?","A. A disease that manifests in a defined anatomical structure. B. A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the central nervous system or located_in the peripheral nervous system. C. Traumatic brain injury usually results from a violent blow or jolt to the head or body. An object that goes through brain tissue, such as a bullet or shattered piece of skull, also can cause traumatic brain injury. D. A disease of anatomical entity that occurs in the muscular and/or skeletal system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,traumatic brain injury,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000082 1_1_be44js0l,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in fungal cell walls. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by (1->3)-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ascospore wall (1->3)-beta-D-glucan biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034413 1_1_yl604ahs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'dance'?","A. A performing art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin. B. Dances which have developed ""naturally"" as a part of ""everyday"" culture within a particular community. In contrast to the elite and official culture, vernacular dances are usually learned naturally without formal instruction.. C. A collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. D. Forms of art in which artists use their voices, bodies or inanimate objects to convey artistic expression. It is different from visual arts, which is when artists use paint, canvas or various materials to create physical or static art objects. Performing arts include a range of disciplines which are performed in front of a live audience.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,dance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004299 1_1_y6s5fyul,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Encounter for other specified postprocedural aftercare'?","A. an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection B. Aftercare visit codes cover situations occurring when the initial treatment of a disease has been performed and the patient requires continued care during the healing or recovery phase, or care for the long-term consequences of the disease C. A slight paralysis or weakness of both legs. D. diseases affecting the respiratory system",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Encounter for other specified postprocedural aftercare,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000100 1_1_g174svpz,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Luck'?","A. Tutorial achievement is awarded to a player for trying out various features of the game. This is often related to learning how to play the game, how the controls work and how the game logic works. An example of Tutorial could be testing out newly gained special equipment or just playing through the in-game tutorial in the beginning. B. Paragon is a rare achievement that is given only to limited number of players. An example of Paragon achievement could be the first player to finish a game under 10 hours or the first ten players to complete the game 100% through. C. Lucky describes an achievement that is awarded to the player in a lucky situation. An example of Lucky achievement would be winning in a lottery or throwing “Yahtzee” without re-rolling the dice. D. Minigame achievement describes success in mini-games that have been included in a certain game but are not vital for completing the game. An example could be to complete all the Pizza deliveries in GTA minigame or gaining over 100 dollars while playing poker in Red Dead Redemption.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Luck,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Luck 1_1_qthls4rj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'right upper central secondary incisor tooth'?","A. An auditory cortex that is in the right side of a brain. B. A upper central secondary incisor tooth that is in the right side of the upper jaw region. C. Either one of the pair of tubular extensions from the uterine body where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet; uterine horns are anterior Mullerian duct-derived structures. D. A upper central primary incisor tooth that is in the left side of the upper jaw region.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,right upper central secondary incisor tooth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8490007 1_1_6vji7osa,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'counselor, all other'?","A. Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders. B. Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs. C. Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of persons coping with personal, social, and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, aging, or the stress of daily life. Coordinate activities for residents of care and treatment facilities. Assess client needs and design and implement rehabilitation programs that may include personal and vocational counseling, training, and job placement. D. All counselors not listed separately.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"counselor, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21101900 1_1_r61z3gp9,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryonic tagma'?","A. Any tagma (UBERON:6000002) that is part of some embryo (UBERON:6000052). B. The most posterior of the three tagma (UBERON:6000002). C. Abdomen of the embryo. D. Any tagma (UBERON:6000002) that is part of some larva (UBERON:6001727).",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,embryonic tagma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6000137 1_1_xoi8c5xq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'ependyma'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a forelimb stylopod [Automatically generated definition]. B. The thin epithelium-like membrane composed of ependymal cells that lines the ventricular system of the brain and the spinal cord. C. One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. D. An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,ependyma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004670 1_1_i3v2165b,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD33 molecule'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human OPLAH gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human CP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. A protein that contains an extracellular Glycophorin A domain (Pfam:PF01102), followed by a single-pass transmembrane region and a small intracellular domain. A protein that is an integral protein of the red cell membrane. Proteins in this class are responsible for the molecular basis of the blood group antigens, surface markers on the outside of the red blood cell membrane. D. A protein that is a translation product of the human CD33 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,CD33 molecule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001892 1_1_6d6qj798,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. C. Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the CD40 signaling pathway.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2001235 1_1_5my00bhg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve'?","A. A structural anomaly of the nervous system. B. Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve (TCS) is a rare congenital airway malformation in which distinct tracheal rings are replaced by a continuous cartilaginous segment. Vertically fused C- or O-shaped cartilaginous rings can extend from the subglottis to the carina or bronchus with little to no pars membranacea posteriorly. Comment:Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve has been associated with various craniosynostosis syndromes. C. Continuous or nearly continuous configuration of the cartilaginous tracheal ring. D. An abnormality of the C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage, normally 16 to 20 in number, that occupy the anterior two-thirds of the circumference of the trachea (the posterior portion of the ring is completed by fibrous and smooth muscle tissue).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Tracheal cartilaginous sleeve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005347 1_1_83n7ctwf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kelyphitic rim'?","A. A corona formed by a secondary mineral around an orginal igneous crystal, formed by modification of the crystal by the corrosive action of its parent magma. B. Constituent occurs as a concentric envelope enclosing another constituent. Corona is a non-genetic term. C. Corona that consists of concentric bands with radial fibrous texture. D. The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kelyphitic rim,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/KelyphiticRim 1_1_4hmino51,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bundle price'?","A. Abstract class describing a set of persons in committee and its roles. B. Class that specifies the existence of an electronic auction of one or more of the award criterions. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement. D. Class used to describe the price a set of objets. Can be used to define the total price of an gr:Offering. Its value must be equal to the gr:UnitPriceSpecification multiplied by the number of items.",D,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Bundle price,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#BundlePriceSpecification 1_1_1tlw7pii,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galf-(1->5)-beta-D-Galf-(1->5)-beta-D-Galf-(1->5)-beta-D-Galf-(1->6)-D-Manp'?","A. Any pentasaccharide composed of 5 mannose moieties. B. A pentasaccharide composed of four (1->5)-linked beta-D-galactofuranose units, which are joined (1->6)-linkage to a D-mannopyranose at the reducing end. C. A linear pentasaccharide consisting of a beta-D-galactose residue, three L-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose residues and (at the reducing end) a 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo) residue linked sequentially (1->2), (1->2), (1->3) and (1->5); the structure is that of the pentasaccharide epitope from Haemophilus influenzae MAHI 4. D. A pentasaccharide composed of a mannopyranose and four arabinofuranose residues in an alpha(1->5), beta(1->2), alpha(1->5) and alpha(1->5) linear sequence.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galf-(1->5)-beta-D-Galf-(1->5)-beta-D-Galf-(1->5)-beta-D-Galf-(1->6)-D-Manp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62143 1_1_2yaybmfy,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'threonine metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,threonine metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006566 1_1_i6wh75od,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep'?","A. A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. B. The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep. C. All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions. D. A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042747 1_1_xhmiwrrg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'visceral mesothelium'?","A. A mesothelium that is part of a peritoneal cavity. B. Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium. C. A mesothelium that is part of a lesser sac [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mesothelium that is part of a greater omentum.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,visceral mesothelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007141 1_1_d9nxloii,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-destructive testing specialist'?","A. Test the safety of structures, vehicles, or vessels using x-ray, ultrasound, fiber optic or related equipment. B. Feed materials into or remove materials from machines or equipment that is automatic or tended by other workers. C. Set up, operate, or tend spraying or rolling machines to coat or paint any of a wide variety of products, including glassware, cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lacquer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing materials. Includes painters of transportation vehicles such as painters in auto body repair facilities. D. Construct and repair full or partial dentures or dental appliances.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,non-destructive testing specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17302901 1_1_648k3cde,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'birth size'?","A. The categorization of a person's body frame into small, medium and large based on the measurement of wrist circumference or the breadth of the elbow. B. The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at birth. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. C. The physical measurements of a body shortly after birth. D. The physical measurements of a body.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,birth size,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009631 1_1_0v9caert,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides. C. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein catabolic process.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030812 1_1_sn87qzwm,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cocaine use behaviour'?","A. A substance use behaviour pattern in which the substance used is an opioid. B. A substance use behaviour pattern in which the substance used is alcohol. C. A substance use behaviour in which the substance used is cocaine. D. A substance use behaviour pattern of behaviour that involves the use by a person of two or more psychoactive substances.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cocaine use behaviour,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001110 1_1_t4zmcndi,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)]2-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1<->1')-Cer'?","A. A branched glycononaosylceramide having beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucose as the glycononaosyl portion. B. Any oligoglycosylceramide where the oligoglycoside component is a nonasaccharide. C. A glycononaosylceramide in which the sugar component is a linear heptasaccharide made up from galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine residues, branched with L-fucosyl residues at two of the galactose residues in the chain. D. A glycononaosylceramide having beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc as the glycononaosyl component.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)]2-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1<->1')-Cer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133535 1_1_amrh08et,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of bile acid secretion'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamine transport. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of bile acid from a cell or a tissue. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-arginine import across plasma membrane.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of bile acid secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0120189 1_1_qj60r8na,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'polar front'?","A. A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. B. A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. C. A weather front at which warm air is ascending to high altitudes along the frontal surface. D. A weather front which is part of a mass of upper air.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,polar front,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001698 1_1_oqg48q1m,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contract without lots'?","A. Class to describe the contract not divided into lots. B. Class to describe harmonized contracts (i.e. contracts that reachs the threshold to be treated as highlighted in the procurement Directives of the European Commision and European Council). C. Class describing contracts whose end date can be extended. D. Class describing contracts that are an actual lot of another contract.",A,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Contract without lots,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#ContractWithoutLots 1_1_rha9mjzk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inflorescence stalk length'?","A. Number of spikelets with female flowers in inflorescence B. Leaflet length of 4 leaflets (2 on each side) where rachis becomes triangular C. Number of female flowers in inflorescence D. Length of stalk",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Inflorescence stalk length,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000186 1_1_ry1sc6mq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root suitable for Fufu'?","A. Swelling of the gari during the preparation of eba B. Suitability of the root to make Fufu C. Weight after drying cassava flakes D. Weight of mashed cassava cake",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root suitable for Fufu,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0003234 1_1_rnfez6mu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior inferior renal segment of right kidney'?","A. Organ component layer of skin, each instance of which is the thickened epidermis underneath the free distal end of some nail. B. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental renal artery. C. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental branch of left renal artery. D. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental branch of right renal artery.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior inferior renal segment of right kidney,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma17902 1_1_aoimyuoq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute myeloid leukemia with MNX1-ETV6 fusion'?","A. An acute myeloid leukemia associated with CBFA2T3-GLIS2 chimeric oncogene. B. An acute myeloid leukemia with non-germline mutations of the CEBPA gene. C. An acute myeloid leukemia that is characterized by primary differentiation to basophils. D. An acute myeloid leukemia associated with MXN1-ETV6 gene fusion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute myeloid leukemia with MNX1-ETV6 fusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070632 1_1_sffzk7qn,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dohra'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles (sometimes mixed with molasses and water) form loose dry sticks. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which different types of tobacco (often zarda or surti) are combined with a mix of areca nut, catechu, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and flavorings such as peppermint, cardamom to form a wet mixture. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which tobacco is processed into dry fine powder.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dohra,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000968 1_1_w2jqhe2j,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'providing healthcare'?","A. A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour. B. A health-related behaviour that involves assessing, monitoring, improving or maintaining an aspect of another person’s health. C. An individual human behaviour that relates to health. D. Providing healthcare that involves advising and authorising the use of a treatment to improve or maintain another person's health or wellbeing.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,providing healthcare,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050413 1_1_gxwbcw3x,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-D-GalpNAc'?","A. An alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-D-GalpNAc in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha- configuration. B. A disaccharide composed of two 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose residues joined by a (1->3) glycosidic bond. C. A D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-D-GalpNAc in which the 2-acetamidogalactosyl group (attached to position 3 of the 2-acetamidogalactose moiety) has alpha- configuration. D. An alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-D-GalpNAc having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->3)-D-GalpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60300 1_1_eat8do64,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'writer or author'?","A. Manage or coordinate fitness and wellness programs and services. Manage and train staff of wellness specialists, health educators, or fitness instructors. B. Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material. C. Purchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts, supplies, or services necessary for the operation of an establishment. Purchase raw or semifinished materials for manufacturing. May negotiate contracts. D. Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts and management consultants.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,writer or author,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27304300 1_1_eun4zvhv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beauvericin'?","A. A synthetic cyclodepsipeptide derived from a marine metabolite that exhibits antineoplastic properties. B. A trimeric cyclodepsipeptide composed from alternating methylphenylalanyl and hydroxyvaleryl residues. C. A cyclodepsipeptide antibiotic that is isolated from Streptomyces sp. SNA15896 and also exhibits antitumour activity. D. A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens. A derivative of jaspamide, it has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic and microfilament disruption activity.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beauvericin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3000 1_1_p01qusut,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,3-dihydrogossypetin'?","A. A tirucallane triterpenoid that is tirucalla-7,24-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 22 and an oxo group at position 23. It has been isolated from Dysoxylum lenticellatum. B. A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 5' and a geranyl group at position 8. Isolated from Macaranga bicolor, it exhibits inhibitory activity against breast cancer resistance protein. C. A member of the class of dihydroflavonols that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of gossypetin. D. A TDP-sugar having actinospectose as the sugar component.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,3-dihydrogossypetin",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16965 1_1_89hmvek7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right superior pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac'?","A. Pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of superior pulmonary vein. B. Superior pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of the left superior pulmonary vein. C. Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue. D. Superior pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac which surrounds the trunk of the right superior pulmonary vein.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right superior pulmonary vein part of pericardial sac,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84892 1_1_wmke90z1,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'keratinized epithelial cell of the anal canal'?","A. An epidermal cell which synthesizes keratin and undergoes a characteristic change as it moves upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell. B. An epithelial cell of the anal canal that is keratinized. This cell type is found towards the lower, rectal end of the anal canal. C. A nonkeratinized epithelial cell of the anal canal. D. A squamous cell that has keratin in the esophagus.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,keratinized epithelial cell of the anal canal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002637 1_1_lt7yvgju,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureter smooth muscle cell differentiation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051151 1_1_2y6qi9br,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'petal epidermis'?","A. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a petal . B. A portion of petal epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a petal . C. A stomatal complex that is part of a phyllome . D. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a stamen .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,petal epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006041 1_1_57f4z2er,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'kettle'?","A. A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. B. The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. C. A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. D. A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,kettle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000311 1_1_8jwmvbd0,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome plate meristem'?","A. A thin band of intercalary meristematic tissue at the junction of a leaf blade (lamina) and a leaf sheath found in grasses. B. A portion of meristem tissue in which the planes of cell division in each layer are anticlinal to the surface of the phyllome . C. A portion of meristem tissue that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis . D. A portion of meristem tissue that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome plate meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025428 1_1_zmmbeuj6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of penile erection'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sperm capacitation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ossification, the formation of bone or of a bony substance or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. D. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of penile erection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060405 1_1_5wf6qd1x,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'motorboat operator'?","A. Shape, finish, and refinish damaged, worn, or used furniture or new high-grade furniture to specified color or finish. B. Operate small motor-driven boats. May assist in navigational activities. C. Demonstrate merchandise and answer questions for the purpose of creating public interest in buying the product. May sell demonstrated merchandise. D. Help production workers by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,motorboat operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53502200 1_1_8xmg007z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'benzylpenicillin biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzylpenicillin. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzylpenicillin. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzylpenicillin.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,benzylpenicillin biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901088 1_1_6ilabjkt,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'observation for suspected myocardial infarction'?","A. removal of organ (surgery/injury) B. observation by doctors of suspected myocardial infarction (heart attack) C. presence of breast implant D. patient refuses to follow medical treatment/regimen",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,observation for suspected myocardial infarction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000587 1_1_xu6ujtjo,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'physical sign'?","A. An abnormal material entity that is part of a patient and hypothesized to be clinically relevant. B. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. C. A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. D. TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,physical sign,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000129 1_1_ek5rgxg8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryo leaf'?","A. A vascular leaf that has increased activity of either the adaxial or abaxial meristem early in development, leading to absence of the opposite surface on the mature leaf. B. A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development. C. A vascular leaf that is part of a plant embryo and is one of the first few leaves to develop from the embryonic shoot apical meristem. D. A hypocotyl that is part of a plant embryo axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,embryo leaf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006338 1_1_dtnvpi7f,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autophagosome'?","A. A double-membrane-bounded compartment that engulfs endogenous cellular material as well as invading microorganisms to target them to the lytic vacuole/lysosome for degradation as part of macroautophagy. B. A monoatomic monocation obtained from potassium. C. A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. D. A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,autophagosome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005776 1_1_p27klzg6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyridines'?","A. Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. B. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects. C. Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. D. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pyridines,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26421 1_1_13x8k2kl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemical substance'?","A. A chemical substance that is manufactured for use as part of an e-liquid. B. A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. C. A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. D. A chemical substance that is designed to be part of an e-liquid to impart a flavour to the vapour produced when the e-liquid is used in an e-cigarette.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,chemical substance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59999 1_1_tg8ezx5q,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of digit'?","A. A distal epiphysis that is part of a distal phalanx. B. A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. C. A caudal vertebra endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. D. A distal epiphysis that is part of a phalanx of manus [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,distal epiphysis of distal phalanx of digit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014887 1_1_se2ccl7u,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'maras'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of sun-cured tobacco flakes, thin shavings of areca nut and slaked lime. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun-dried tobacco is mixed with ashes from oak, walnut and grapewine and then sprinkled with water to form a moist powder",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,maras,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000985 1_1_zn0obdvc,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'P-type potassium:proton transporter activity'?","A. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). B. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out) + K+(in). C. Enables the transfer of protons from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out). These transporters use a phosphorylative mechanism, which have a phosphorylated intermediate state during the ion transport cycle. D. Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + Na+(in) + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + Na+(out) + K+(in).",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,P-type potassium:proton transporter activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008900 1_1_iukzfmc8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'हिजड़ा'?","A. A gender role observed in many communities on the Indian subcontinent. Many hijras also consider themselves to be transgender women or intersex persons, but the concept predates that terminology. Hijra are almost exclusively assigned male at birth and some undergo an initiation ritual called nirwaan (nirvan), which involves removal of the penis, scrotum, and testicles. B. A gender category observed among the Maale people of Ethiopia. The exact meaning of the word is not known, with scholars having differing interpretations of the role's various associations. C. A polite term sometimes used in the place of hijra in Pakistan. D. A Khmer term for a culturally specific gender identity considered intermediate between pros (ប្រុស, male) and srey (ស្រី, female).",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,हिजड़ा,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002305 1_1_42l7jneu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transportation engineer'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate entertainment and recreational activities and operations of a recreational facility, including cruise ships and parks. B. Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications, signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces. C. Analyze and coordinate the ongoing logistical functions of a firm or organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product, including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and final disposal of resources. D. Develop plans for surface transportation projects, according to established engineering standards and state or federal construction policy. Prepare designs, specifications, or estimates for transportation facilities. Plan modifications of existing streets, highways, or freeways to improve traffic flow.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,transportation engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17205101 1_1_x0cj7q24,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'genital arousal disorder'?","A. Spontaneous, persistent, unwanted and uncontrollable genital arousal in the absence of sexual stimulation or sexual desire, and is typically not relieved by orgasm. Instead, multiple orgasms over hours or days may be required for relief. B. Sexual arousal disorder is characterized by a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity in a situation that would normally produce sexual arousal, or the inability to attain or maintain typical responses to sexual arousal. C. A garment consisting of a skirt with an attached bodice (or a matching bodice giving the effect of a one-piece garment). It consists of a top piece that covers the torso and hangs down over the legs. A dress can be any one-piece garment containing a skirt of any length and can be formal or casual. D. Any of various disorders affecting genital arousal.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,genital arousal disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001883 1_1_cfx2llqx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calculate mean of stalk width'?","A. Measure from the ground level to the base of the oldest living frond from 30 randomly selected palms, calculate standard deviation B. Measure length of 4 leaflets (2 on each side) where rachis becomes triangular on 30 randomly selected palms. Calculate mean. C. Calculate stalk width mean D. Count number of leaflets on one side of the frond which has first leaflet closest to the base on 30 randomly selected palms. Calculate mean.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Calculate mean of stalk width,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000201 1_1_jwou1r1v,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'radiale'?","A. A carpal bone that proximally_connected_to a forelimb zeugopod skeleton. B. Endochondral carpal bone articulating with the ulnare and the radiale. C. Endochondral proximal carpal bone articulating with the radius. D. The postaxial bone of the proximal carpal region. Found in close approximation to the ulna, often in articulation[PHENOSCAPE:ad].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,radiale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001427 1_1_ahrzlfdy,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contract additional obligations'?","A. Class describing the multiannual contracts (i.e. contract whose duration extends over more than one financial year). B. Class defining the provider of information about the contract. C. Class to describe an award criterion and its score. D. Class describing the additional obligations the contract needs (e.g. guarantees or advertisement costs)",D,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Contract additional obligations,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#ContractAdditionalObligations 1_1_74qm6jj1,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acquired'?","A. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's touching another entity. B. developed after birth : not congenital or hereditary C. A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. D. developed after birth : not congenital or hereditary",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acquired,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000034 1_1_y5a9q5q6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'background subjective craving'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that is a strong feeling of desire or a strong feeling of urge. B. Subjective craving that is mostly or completely independent of the immediate environment. C. Subjective craving whose target is consumption of an alcoholic beverage. D. Subjective craving in which the target of the craving is cigarette smoking.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,background subjective craving,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001219 1_1_3y81pzm6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'RMAExpress'?","A. Cytoscape is an open source bioinformatics software platform for visualizing molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data. B. RMAExpress is a standalone GUI program for Windows (and Linux) to compute gene expression summary values for Affymetrix Genechip® data using the Robust Multichip Average expression summary and to carry out quality assessment using probe-level metrics. It does not require R nor is it dependent on any component of the BioConductor project. If focuses on processing 3' IVT expression arrays, exon and WT gene arrays. C. Cutadapt finds and removes adapter sequences, primers, poly-A tails and other types of unwanted sequence from your high-throughput sequencing reads. D. These scripts are for primer design and initial microarray data processing and are available as .zip files:",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,RMAExpress,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000343 1_1_dd0l8kdn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048642 1_1_pcsptj8u,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'infraorbital series'?","A. Anatomical cluster that consists of the anteriormost vertebrae and associated structures that connect the swim bladder to the inner ear. B. Series of scales in which each scale envelopes or overlaps an adjacent scale. C. A range of twelve to fourteen rod-like internal median skeletal support structures of the anal fin, comprised of both bone and cartilage and found between vertebrae 14 and 21. D. Anatomical cluster that is the series of dermal bones surrounding the orbit and associated with the infraorbital sensory canal.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,infraorbital series,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001709 1_1_mnnxe55i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco-related disease'?","A. A disease in which tobacco use has played a causal role. B. A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. C. A disease in which tobacco use is a significant risk factor. D. A disease which affects any, or all parts of the respiratory system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco-related disease,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000404 1_1_18d9piba,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alcohol control policy'?","A. A government policy aimed at reducing harm from tobacco use. B. A government policy aimed at reducing consumption of alcohol or harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdiction. C. An action specification that a government produces that includes rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under the government's jurisdiction. D. An alcohol control policy aimed at reducing the harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdication without promoting complete abstinence from alcohol.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alcohol control policy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000467 1_1_1vqhyj4t,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'role'?","A. A part played by a person or an organization, in a certain situation. E.g.: member of parliament, speaker, head of office, bill proposer. B. An institution or recognizable group of individuals. Organizations can be formal or informal, have a strong degree of internal organization or be completely anarchic, have their own name or be anonymous, have their own legal status or be impromptu groups E.g.: the workers’ union, France, the Socialist party, the proponents of bill 103/32, the President of the Italian Republic. C. A location that can be referred to also using geographical coordinates. E.g.: the Rio river, Marrakesh, the entrance to the Black Forrest. D. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology.",A,1_1,legal/allot,role,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Role 1_1_5swz5q2r,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bract abaxial epidermis'?","A. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a bract . B. A portion of bract epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a bract . C. A portion of bract epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a bract . D. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a bract .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bract abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025159 1_1_rjkp4w2n,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gender and sexual minority adults'?","A. A young adult person belonging to any of various gender and/or sexual minority groups. B. An adult person belonging to any of various minority groups. C. A young adult person belonging to any of various minority groups. D. An adult person belonging to any of various gender and/or sexual minority groups.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gender and sexual minority adults,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001476 1_1_xunvh3rg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear estrogen receptor binding'?","A. Binding to a nuclear estrogen receptor. B. An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. C. Binding to a nuclear receptor protein. Nuclear receptor proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors which are regulated by binding to a ligand. D. The cranial ganglion that is associated with and extends fibers into the trigeminal nerve.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nuclear estrogen receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030331 1_1_ukcjg5n8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'methyl isocyanate allergic asthma'?","A. An isocyanates allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger toluene meta-diisocyanate. B. An isocyanates allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate. C. An isocyanates allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger methyl isocyanate. D. An isocyanates allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger hexamethylene diisocyanate.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,methyl isocyanate allergic asthma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0040044 1_1_4qtatq1p,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'FusSRInc - Computation'?","A. Divide the total number of StenSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. B. Divide the total number of FusSR damaged plants by the total number of plants harvested. C. Number of days required from seeding to grain ripening. Also, it can be calculated using sowing and maturity date. D. Calculate shelled grain yield per unit area calculated in dry weight basis.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,FusSRInc - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000232 1_1_fesxrx8l,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'student'?","A. A person who is a student at a secondary school. B. A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. C. A student is an individual who is attends an educational institution. D. Students who are LGBTQIA+.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,student,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000405 1_1_opl8deho,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'plow wind'?","A. Strong straight-line winds associated with nontornadic outflow from strong thunderstorms. B. A wind blowing from the desert. C. The Maltese and best-known variant of a term for a strong northeast wind in the central and western Mediterranean and adjacent European land areas (stronger than the levante). D. Nocturnal cold-air jet flowing out of the mouth of a valley or canyon as it opens onto a plain.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,plow wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/PlowWind 1_1_iyrjrars,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain an indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) skeleton. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alpha-amino acid.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,alpha-amino acid biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901607 1_1_twqfdfv4,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'MicromolePerKilogram'?","A. An einstein is a unit used in irradiance and in photochemistry. One einstein is defined as one mole of photons, regardless of their frequency. Therefore, the number of photons in an einstein is Avogadro's number, 6.022×1023. Quantum flux of Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is usually reported in microeinsteins per second per square meter, one microeinstein being one-millionth of an einstein. Irradiance might be measured in einsteins per square metre per second, if the source is monochromatic. (note: If the optical frequency is not well defined this is a sloppy misuse of the term irradiance, which is defined in terms of power per unit area, and p. The einstein is used in studies of photosynthesis since the light requirement for the production of a given quantity of oxygen is a fixed number of photosynthetically active photons (about nine photosynthetically active einsteins per mole of oxygen formed). It is named in honor of Albert Einstein, who in a 1905 paper explained the photoelectric effect in terms of light quanta, now called photons, an idea introduced by Max Planck. B. Unit of concentration often used for gasses (e.g., oxygen, or O2) because it is related to solubility measurements. C. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). ""siemens"" is used for both singular and plural. D. A knot is one nautical mile per hour, which is equal to exactly 1.852 km/h and approximately 1.151 mph.",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,MicromolePerKilogram,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#MicromolePerKilogram 1_1_6kx6euwm,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular response to iron ion'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cellular response to iron ion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071281 1_1_dgz4b50u,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reduced cooperative imaginative play'?","A. Impairment in a child's ability to be able to play in a way that involves peer collaboration. Collaborative play involves things such as verbal and non-verbal communication (e.g., self-initiated interactions), turn-taking, sharing, reciprocity, and collaborative problem-solving. It is often contrasted to parallel play, which involves a form of social play in which two children do similar activities near each other and often mimic each other. Typically developing children develop collaborative play between the ages of 4 and 5. B. Reduced or lack of pretending in play (does not assign abstract properties to objects, use invisible objects, or use objects in nonliteral ways other than their intended purpose in play). C. Reduced use of reciprocal (back and forth) conversation, as compared to what would be expected for language level. D. Failure of a child to engage with peers games that involve creating imaginary scenarios or narratives, for instance, in which children pretend to be characters or act out adventurous scenarios.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Reduced cooperative imaginative play,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5200035 1_1_yo6ozlhe,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'amount of mineral'?","A. Earth fluid is an 'earth material' that is fluild. B. Unconsolidated earth material is an 'earth material' that is consituted by an aggregate of solid particles but is not consolidated into a 'rock' it self. C. An amount of rock is an 'earth material' that is a naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, homogeneous chemical compound with a crystalline structure. D. An amount of rock is a solid consolidated 'earth material' that is 'constituted by' an aggregate of particles made of mineral matter or material of biological origin.",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,amount of mineral,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000007 1_1_0pzbbr9l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bridge or lock tender'?","A. Operate and tend bridges, canal locks, and lighthouses to permit marine passage on inland waterways, near shores, and at danger points in waterway passages. May supervise such operations. Includes drawbridge operators, lock operators, and slip bridge operators. B. Place and detonate explosives to demolish structures or to loosen, remove, or displace earth, rock, or other materials. May perform specialized handling, storage, and accounting procedures. C. Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling. D. Drive a light vehicle, such as a truck or van, with a capacity of less than 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), primarily to pick up merchandise or packages from a distribution center and deliver. May load and unload vehicle.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,bridge or lock tender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53601100 1_1_5swtdgx6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'flooded savanna'?","A. A savanna which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. B. A savanna which has soil that is either very wet or saturated with water. C. A terrestrial ecosystem which has its composition and function determined by an unbroken herbaceous layer - primarily composed of grasses, sedges, or rushes - interspersed with trees or shrubs. D. A savanna which is subject to tropical environmental conditions.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,flooded savanna,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001919 1_1_7vnep3x2,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as familiar'?","A. A memory is a mental disposition that is realized in a process of remembering, i.e. a memory of X is a disposition realized in the process of remembering X. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is familiar. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how familiar an object or event is. D. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is not familiar.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as familiar,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000064 1_1_t4rxo49c,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'landscape architect'?","A. Represent and promote artists, performers, and athletes in dealings with current or prospective employers. May handle contract negotiation and other business matters for clients. B. Devise methods to improve oil and gas extraction and production and determine the need for new or modified tool designs. Oversee drilling and offer technical advice. C. Analyze and measure exposure to credit and market risk threatening the assets, earning capacity, or economic state of an organization. May make recommendations to limit risk. D. Plan and design land areas for projects such as parks and other recreational facilities, airports, highways, hospitals, schools, land subdivisions, and commercial, industrial, and residential sites.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,landscape architect,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17101200 1_1_hd1u7cny,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'leeside convergence'?","A. Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel through a medium (waveguide). With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves. Another useful parameter for describing the propagation is the wave velocity that mostly depends on some kind of density of the medium. For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum as well as in a material medium. B. If a solar prominence occurs on the disc of the sun it appears darker than its background (due to the lower temperature of the plasma). These are referred to as solar filaments. C. Region of convergence, often a line, downwind of a mountain or mountain ridge during fair-weather daytime conditions that are favorable for the formation of thermally forced upslope flow and deep convective mixing. Convergence forms between upslope (or sometimes light and variable) flow at lower elevations of the lee slopes and downslope flow at higher elevations, which results from the downward convective mixing of ambient momentum from the flow above ridgetops. With moist upslope flow and favorable conditions, updrafts produced by the convergence can lead to mountain cumulus formation, or trigger thunderstorm or severe weather activity. D. A rapid and unusually sudden sliding or flowage of unsorted masses of rock and other material. As applied to the major avalanche involved in the eruption of Mount St. Helens, a rapid mass movement that included fragmented cold and hot volcanic rock, water, snow, glacier ice, trees, and some hot pyroclastic material. Most of the May 18, 1980 deposits in the upper valley of the North Fork Toutle River and in the vicinity of Spirit Lake are from the debris avalanche.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,leeside convergence,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/LeesideConvergence 1_1_gka2gm8e,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lactation'?","A. The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin. B. A reflex that occurs in response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. C. The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function. D. The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lactation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007595 1_1_yrleui26,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'medium spiny neuron'?","A. The inhibitory projection neurons located in the striatum that integrate glutamatergic signals arising from the cerebral cortex and thalamus. B. The output neuron of the cerebellar cortex. C. Any neuron that is part of a central nervous system. D. The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,medium spiny neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1001474 1_1_ul37ttuy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete_SBML'?","A. Equivalence with the EDAM SBML class format_2585. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete_SBML,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000037 1_1_k1s02enk,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-liquid'?","A. A liquid commodity that contains a high concentration of sugar, caffeine or another stimulant and is promoted as capable of increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. B. A liquid commodity that is used in e-cigarettes for the purpose of aerosolization and inhalation by a person. C. An e-liquid that does not contain any e-liquid flavouring. D. An e-liquid that has e-liquid flavouring.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-liquid,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000232 1_1_yf8z59xb,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'imipramine'?","A. The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. B. A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding. C. A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. D. A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,imipramine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47499 1_1_aeex05t2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. B. The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. C. A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle. D. The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 1_1_ijtgxkb6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'violaceol I catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of secondary metabolites, the compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of emodin. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of violaceol I.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,violaceol I catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900589 1_1_sjx8vgcc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral meristem'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue located parallel to the sides of a shoot axis or root that participates in lateral growth. B. A lateral meristem that is not contiguous with an apical meristem and has a parts multiple layers of meristematic cells . C. A lateral meristem that is part of a root . D. A portion of meristem tissue that is committed to the development of a root primordium .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lateral meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020145 1_1_o8g596wa,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Septal branch of anterior interventricular artery'?","A. Branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which enters the muscular part of the interventricular septum. B. Branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which arises from the terminal end of the left coronary artery between the angle formed by the anterior interventricular branch and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and supplies the left ventricle. C. Branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies both the cardiac ventricles and the interventricular septum. D. Branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which arises from the proximal part of the anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery and crosses over the top of the conus arteriosus and the base of the anterior cusp of the pulmonary artery and supplies the outflow part of the right ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Septal branch of anterior interventricular artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma3892 1_1_gwziku5f,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'hepatic sinusoid'?","A. The simple columnar epithelial lining of the gall bladder. B. An epithelium that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition]. C. Structure derived from foregut that becomes a lung[GO]. D. Wide thin-walled blood vessels in the liver. In mammals they have neither veinous or arterial markers.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,hepatic sinusoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001281 1_1_a1ionlif,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Attieke stickness in the hand'?","A. Mechanical textural attribute related to the force necessary to achieve a certain deformation B. Ability of grains to stick in the palm after the granules are pressed in the hand C. Mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to remove material that sticks to the finger D. The tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Attieke stickness in the hand,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0003104 1_1_9m9af5kn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'splitting convective storm'?","A. A cyclonic storm off the east coast of North America, so called because the winds over the coastal area are from the northeast. B. A convective storm system usually composed of a cluster of ordinary convective cells at various stages of their life cycle. New cells within the convective system are generated primarily by either low-level convergence along a preexisting boundary, or by lifting at the leading edge of the system-scale cold pool that was produced by the previous cells. A multicell storm may have a lifetime of several hours, and may also have supercells incorporated as a part of the system as well. See also cell, ordinary cell, supercell, thunderstorm. C. The process by which a single convective cell splits into two supercells, one dominated by cyclonic rotation and the other by anticyclonic rotation, their paths then deviating substantially from each other and other nearby convective cells. D. A storm of mesometeorological scale; thus, thunderstorms, squalls, and tornadoes are often put in this category.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,splitting convective storm,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/SplittingConvectiveStorm 1_1_d0zhmqyd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'back nerve'?","A. Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VII that passes through or around the suspensorium to innervate muscles and sensory organs on or near pharyngeal arch 2. B. A nerve that is part of a back [Automatically generated definition]. C. Any nerve that innervates the penis. D. A nerve that innervates the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,back nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004215 1_1_i7x4lh0u,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of material-moving machine or vehicle operator'?","A. Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways. B. Set up, operate, or tend spraying or rolling machines to coat or paint any of a wide variety of products, including glassware, cloth, ceramics, metal, plastic, paper, or wood, with lacquer, silver, copper, rubber, varnish, glaze, enamel, oil, or rust-proofing materials. Includes painters of transportation vehicles such as painters in auto body repair facilities. C. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of retail sales workers in an establishment or department. Duties may include management functions, such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of material-moving machine and vehicle operators and helpers.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of material-moving machine or vehicle operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53104300 1_1_wth24779,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell. C. Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051622 1_1_lyzaj2ul,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypokalemia'?","A. high levels of sugar in the blood B. A blood disorder characterized by the appearance of sickle-shaped red blood cells and anemia. C. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. D. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hypokalemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000471 1_1_qmyu8oke,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'second order inflorescence axis'?","A. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a eighth order inflorescence axis . B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a sixth order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a first order inflorescence axis . D. An inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of an inflorescence axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,second order inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006321 1_1_0spb7jf7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence emergence stage'?","A. An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence emerges from sheathing leaves or bracts. B. An inflorescence detectable phase during which an inflorescence has reached at least one quarter of its full length, but has not yet reached one half of its full length. C. A reproductive growth stage during which an inflorescence is detectable. D. The stage at which the inflorescence tip is just visible above flag leaf sheath.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence emergence stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007041 1_1_qt7rqbo9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bioinformatics scientist'?","A. Teach courses in philosophy, religion, and theology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury. C. Conduct research using bioinformatics theory and methods in areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical informatics. May design databases and develop algorithms for processing and analyzing genomic information, or other biological information. D. Teach courses in architecture and architectural design, such as architectural environmental design, interior architecture/design, and landscape architecture. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,bioinformatics scientist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19102901 1_1_x1txil1h,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'anthropogenic contamination feature'?","A. An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. B. A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. C. An anthropogenic geographic feature which has increased levels of contaminants in its consituent materials. D. A region in which military personnel train.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,anthropogenic contamination feature,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002204 1_1_5aaygoky,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ganglion'?","A. A data item that refers to the number of new events that have occurred in a specific time interval divided by the population at risk at the beginning of the time interval. The result gives the likelihood of developing an event in that time interval. B. A symptom of failure to communicate with others. C. A biological tissue mass, most commonly a mass of nerve cell bodies. D. A small cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure, largely delimited by a morphological boundary and whose components work together to make the whole structure capable of a specific function.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ganglion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000045 1_1_6p3xw18d,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Format type'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:MediaTypeTable. B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:ResourceTypeTable C. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:VersionTable D. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:SubdivisionTypeTable",A,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Format type,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#FormatType 1_1_ss3i5gy8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'wall of urinary bladder'?","A. It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]. B. An anatomical wall that lines the insider of a urinary bladder. C. An epiphysis that is part of a phalanx [Automatically generated definition]. D. A valve that is part of a right atrium [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,wall of urinary bladder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001256 1_1_lkkgyozk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'ulna pre-cartilage condensation'?","A. The major postaxial endochondral bone in the anterior zeugopod[Phenoscape]. B. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a ulna. C. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a patella. D. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower arm [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,ulna pre-cartilage condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010847 1_1_83ciy332,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'serosa of large intestine'?","A. A serous membrane that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition]. B. A serous membrane that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. C. A serous membrane that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition]. D. A serous membrane that is part of a vermiform appendix.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,serosa of large intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001209 1_1_7c545tn7,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbocyclic compound'?","A. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of the same element only. B. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. C. Any organic molecule that consists of atoms connected in the form of a ring. D. A homocyclic compound in which all of the ring members are carbon atoms.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,carbocyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33598 1_1_trfcf0h2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tuibur'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun or heat dried tobacco leaves mixed with slaked lime, water, ash from tree bark, oil or butter flavourings and colouring agents that are rolled into a ball. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco smoke is passed through water and the resulting tobacco water is sold in glass bottles.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tuibur,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001013 1_1_oi9qipfp,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-L-gulose'?","A. The L-enantiomer of gulopyranose. B. A L-gulopyranose with a beta-configuration. C. A L-gulopyranose with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position. D. An EC 2.5.1.* (non-methyl-alkyl or aryl transferase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase (EC 2.5.1.7).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-L-gulose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43104 1_1_bibnpeat,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'distal arthrogryposis type 2B2'?","A. A distal arthrogryposis type 2B that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TNNT3 gene on chromosome 11p15.5. B. A distal arthrogryposis type 2B that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the MYH3 gene on chromosome 17p13.1. C. A distal arthrogryposis characterized by contractures of the distal joints of the limbs, triangular face, downslanting palpebral fissures, small mouth, and high arched palate. D. A distal arthrogryposis type 2B that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TNNI2 gene on chromosome 11p15.5.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,distal arthrogryposis type 2B2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111601 1_1_2s4jzm7b,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Unspecified fracture of unspecified foot, sequela'?","A. a complete or incomplete break in one of the five metatarsal bones in each foot. B. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute) C. a bone break that happens in the bones of your foot, heel, toes, or ankle. There are different types of foot fractures, but the most common is a hairline fracture. D. Wound healing is a critical outcome in surgery, and postoperative wound disruption or separation of the layers of a surgical wound with disruption of the fascia is a serious complication",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Unspecified fracture of unspecified foot, sequela",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000141 1_1_jpdhx1il,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'biconcave'?","A. A shape quality in which a portion of the outermost boundary of an entity folds in space such that a portion that was originally convex is now concave. B. Any process that decreases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. C. A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward on both sides or surfaces. D. A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,biconcave,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002039 1_1_es5oj5cr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'iris blood vessel'?","A. The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. B. A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. C. A portion of skeletal muscle tissue that is part of a trapezius [Automatically generated definition]. D. The thick outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces and secretes steroid hormones such as corticosterone, estrone and aldosterone.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,iris blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003511 1_1_xagfv6pa,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pnictogen molecular entity'?","A. A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. B. A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. C. A tertiary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has three other carbon atoms attached to it. D. Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pnictogen molecular entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33302 1_1_ka9tjwv2,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pericycle cell'?","A. A ground tissue cell that is part of a portion of pericycle. B. A pericycle cell that is adjacent to the protoxylem of a vascular bundle. C. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of ground tissue . D. A ground tissue cell with a lignified secondary cell wall.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pericycle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025261 1_1_tp8o6ngl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'juglone'?","A. A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. B. A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. C. Any member of the class of 1,4-naphthoquinones in which the naphthoquinone moiety is substituted by at least one hydroxy group. D. A naphthoquinone that is naphthalene-1,4-dione substituted by a hydroxy group and a 2-hydroxyethyl group at positions 2 and 3 respectively.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,juglone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15794 1_1_d6nsegj0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'koniocortex'?","A. Ventral part (base region) of the telencephalon. B. Subdivision of pallium that is located is the medial position in vertebrates with an evaginated brain and in the distal position in vertebrates with an everted brain. C. Regions of the cerebal cortex characterized by a particularly well-developed inner granular layer (layer 4); this type of cerebral cortex is represented by the primary sensory Brodmann area 17 of the visual cortex, Brodmann areas 1-3 of the somatic sensory cortex, and Brodmann area 41 of the auditory cortex. D. A phylogenetic subdivision of the cerebellum, the oldest part, which regulates balance and eye movements. It receives vestibular input from both the semicircular canals and from the vestibular nuclei, and sends fibres back to the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei. It also receives visual input from the superior colliculi and from the visual cortex (the latter via the pontine nuclei, forming a cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway). Lesions of the vestibulocerebellum cause disturbances of balance and gait.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,koniocortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013589 1_1_i5jqhpe5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'B cell and dendritic cell deficiency'?","A. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by impaired T cell-mediated immunity and impaired B cell mediated humoral immunity. B. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is caused by a defect in infection-fighting immune cells resulting in individuals with non-functional immune systems. C. A combined immunodeficiency characterized by impaired function or reduced numbers of dendritic cells and B cells. D. A combined immunodeficiency characterized by combined cellular and humoral deficiencies and multiple granulomas that has_material_basis_in homozyous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RAG1 gene or the RAG2 gene on chromosome 11p12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,B cell and dendritic cell deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111964 1_1_q9n0mjea,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of the cytosolic argininosuccinate synthase in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044646 1_1_3iuksquw,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'site of polarized growth'?","A. A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. B. Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place. C. An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system. D. A cellular component that consists of an indeterminate number of proteins or macromolecular complexes, organized into a regular, higher-order structure such as a polymer, sheet, network or a fiber.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,site of polarized growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030427 1_1_k0iau93t,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transplantation of cervix'?","A. A surgical procedure in which a cervix is transplanted from one organism to another, typically in cases in which the cervix is absent or diseased. B. A surgical procedure in which a uterus is transplanted from one organism to another, typically in cases in which the uterus is absent or diseased. C. Surgical removal of the cervix. D. Surgical transplantation of a uterus in which the person receiving the uterus is a woman.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transplantation of cervix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010240 1_1_sma2qkxz,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4'?","A. An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 1. B. An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 5. C. An interphalangeal joint of pes that is part of a pedal digit 4. D. The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. The arrangement of these ligaments is similar to that in the metatarsophalangeal articulations: the Extensor tendons supply the places of dorsal ligaments.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,interphalangeal joint of pedal digit 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007727 1_1_rkrkzsvp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cyst'?","A. is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.[1] Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling.[1] The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed.[1] The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling.[6] Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. B. is an acute infection typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms, and fingers.[1] It is an infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, usually caused by beta-hemolytic group A Streptococcus bacteria on scratches or otherwise infected areas.[2] Erysipelas is more superficial than cellulitis, and is typically more raised and demarcated.[1] The term is from Greek ἐρυσίπελας, meaning ""red skin"". C. is a type of abnormal and excessive growth, called neoplasia, of tissue. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and it persists growing abnormally, even if the original trigger is removed.[1][2][3] This abnormal growth usually (but not always) forms a mass.[4] When it forms a mass, it may be called a tumor. D. is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division compared with the nearby tissue. Hence, it is a cluster of cells that has grouped together to form a sac (not unlike the manner in which water molecules group together, forming a bubble); however, the distinguishing aspect of a cyst is that the cells forming the ""shell"" of such a sac are distinctly abnormal (in both appearance and behaviour) when compared with all surrounding cells for that given location. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, sometimes a cyst may resolve on its own. When a cyst fails to resolve, it may need to be removed surgically, but that would depend upon its type and location.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000071 1_1_hkhs2jtk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit'?","A. A protein that has a core domain composition consisting of a Rel homology domain (RHD) (Pfam:PF00554), an IPT/TIG domain (Pfam:PF01833), six copies of the Ankyrin repeat (Pfam:PF00023), a Death domain (Pfam:PF00531) and a C-terminal PEST region. B. A nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit that is encoded in the genome of chicken. D. A transcription factor NF-kappa-B subunit that is a translation product of the human NFKB2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000011178 1_1_nocw3ag8,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'SurvivalHorror'?","A. Game offers elements of psychological violence B. Game where the enemies are more than the resources to fight them C. Game offers explicit and violent visual elements D. Sociological actor located inside the game",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,SurvivalHorror,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#SurvivalHorror 1_1_1e8y83zs,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Agilent Feature Extraction software version 7.5'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Agilent Feature Extraction software version 7.5,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000030 1_1_1g2hqkz6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'bladder organ'?","A. A paired organ of the urinary tract which has the production of urine as its primary function. B. distensible musculomembranous organ situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion[MP]. C. Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. D. A membranous sac in animals that serves as the receptacle of a liquid or contains gas.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,bladder organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018707 1_1_22cdmsaw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anther Anthocyanin coloration'?","A. Color of the stem. B. Density of spikelets. C. Anthocyanin coloration of anthers. D. Thickness of the grain.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Anther Anthocyanin coloration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000651 1_1_9cvtdq5d,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pillow lava'?","A. Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia] B. Pillow lava is the lava structure typically formed when lava emerges from an underwater volcanic vent or subglacial volcano or a lava flow enters the ocean. However, pillow lava can also form when lava is erupted beneath thick glacial ice. The viscous lava gains a solid crust on contact with the water, and this crust cracks and oozes additional large blobs or ‘pillows’ as more lava emerges from the advancing flow. Since water covers the majority of Earth's surface and most volcanoes are situated near or under bodies of water, pillow lava is very common. [Wikipedia] C. Magma that has erupted onto the surface of the earth and cooled suffciently to form solid rock. [Wikipedia] D. One of three basic types of flow lava. Aa is basaltic lava characterized by a rough or rubbly surface composed of broken lava blocks called clinker. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pillow lava,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/PillowLava 1_1_i00bl4u8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'metestrus'?","A. The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity. B. The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur. C. The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function. D. The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,metestrus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060210 1_1_o9uiq7rf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hundred seed dry weight'?","A. The capsules dry weight on primary raceme. B. The number of tertiary racemes. C. The capsule shattering incidence. D. The dry weight of 100 seeds.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Hundred seed dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_347:0000075 1_1_hzp3fthz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root meristematic apical cell'?","A. A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a root tip. B. A shoot axis meristematic apical cell at the tip of a shoot apex in a shoot system that has as part vascular tissue. C. A meristematic apical cell that is part of a whole plant in the sporophytic phase. D. A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a plant embryo and is the uppermost cell formed after the first division of a zygote.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root meristematic apical cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030008 1_1_4tr3my7w,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'inferior thyroid artery'?","A. The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. B. An artery that supplies a thyroid gland. C. One of the three branches of the thyroid axis that supplies the thyroid gland and branches to form the ascending cervical, esophageal, inferior laryngeal, muscular and tracheal arteries. D. The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,inferior thyroid artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007149 1_1_02twp2i5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'fauces'?","A. Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface features. The falciform ligament is visible on the front (anterior side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a right anatomical lobe. B. In the head of the pancreas, the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process. During the embryonic development of the distal foregut, the duodenum c-shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process[WP]. C. Lateral walls of the oropharynx that are located medial to the palatoglossal folds. D. A lamina propria that is part of a gallbladder [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,fauces,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035120 1_1_9ua85bd8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'online merchant'?","A. Conduct retail activities of businesses operating exclusively online. May perform duties such as preparing business strategies, buying merchandise, managing inventory, implementing marketing activities, fulfilling and shipping online orders, and balancing financial records. B. Direct an organization's security functions, including physical security and safety of employees and facilities. C. Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. D. Plan and direct cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated properties for reuse. Does not include properties sufficiently contaminated to qualify as Superfund sites.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,online merchant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13119906 1_1_efx65kta,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ammonium transmembrane transport'?","A. The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other. B. The directed movement of cadaverine, 1,5-pentanediamine, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The process in which ammonium is transported across a membrane. Ammonium is the cation NH4+. D. A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ammonium transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072488 1_1_xooiez8d,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '7-cyano-7-deazaguanine'?","A. A methyl ketone that is butan-2-one substituted by a cyano group at position 3. B. A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7-deazaguanine substituted at position 7 by a cyano group. C. A nitrile that is acetonitrile where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. D. A secondary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,7-cyano-7-deazaguanine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45075 1_1_9a391tml,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior'?","A. A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. B. All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions. C. ""Endogenously driven roughly 24-hour cycle in biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes."" [GOC:bf] D. ""Behavior related to all sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep."" [NBO:GVG]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000161 1_1_f28pu25k,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Total tuber fresh weight per plant-computation'?","A. Compute by dividing fresh weight measurement of all categroy/size tubers taken in a plot to the number of harvested plant in a net plot B. Computing the number of days required from first sprout emergence to first flower initiation C. Compute the number of small size tubers produced per plant using the formula number of small size tuber in a plot divided by the total number of harvested plants D. Averaged growth cycle duration expressed in days between 5% emergence and 95% senescence (i.e. 5% of maximum ground cover after time to maximum ground cover) in two subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Median senescence computed from inflection point value using log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting. Time at 5% of maximum growth after time at maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Total tuber fresh weight per plant-computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0010115 1_1_r24jrchf,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hormone'?","A. A hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of female sex characteristics in mammals by binding to oestrogen receptors. The oestrogens are named for their importance in the oestrous cycle. The oestrogens that occur naturally in the body, notably estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estetrol are steroids. Other compounds with oestrogenic activity are produced by plants (phytoestrogens) and fungi (mycoestrogens); synthetic compounds with oestrogenic activity are known as xenoestrogens. B. Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own. C. Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds. D. One of the three layers of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hormone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24621 1_1_gyfdwe8k,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'anxiety'?","A. An emotion evoked for a person who is in distress. The conditions for compassion involve perceiving the other as in need, and valuing the other's welfare. Associated with altruistic motivation. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that is the appraisal of one's current surroundings and activities as not interesting or stimulating. C. A negative, high intensity emotion characterised by loss of hope and loss of interest. Associated with action tendencies of harm to self or others. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative emotion that is aversive and provoked by the prospect of distal threat.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,anxiety,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000028 1_1_bke7jnqt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'vitamin B7'?","A. Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms. B. Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). C. Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. D. Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,vitamin B7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_176841 1_1_3ww0vyw9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tertiary amino compound'?","A. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. C. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. D. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tertiary amino compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50996 1_1_jsz9h1jp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone resorption'?","A. The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products. B. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. C. Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. D. A mucosa that is part of a small intestine [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bone resorption,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045453 1_1_hv8uuix6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nonobstructive reflux-associated chronic pyelonephritis'?","A. Reflux nephropathy is kidney damage (nephropathy) due to urine flowing backward (reflux) from the bladder toward the kidneys; the latter is called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). B. acute or chronic inflammation of the renal tubules and interstitium. Acute interstitial nephritis is commonly caused by allergic reactions to drugs, but infection or systemic disease may also precipitate the disease. C. a bacterial infection causing inflammation of the kidneys and is one of the most common diseases of the kidney. D. Anatomical entity that has mass.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Nonobstructive reflux-associated chronic pyelonephritis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000070 1_1_1073x5q2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sparsely populated settlement'?","A. A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. B. A settlement with a low density of buildings and inhabitants. C. An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. D. A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sparsely populated settlement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000762 1_1_x0uhe6j7,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'health care process data transformation'?","A. TODO B. A health care process that produces output from input data C. A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient D. A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,health care process data transformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000110 1_1_0kbxghno,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'upslope wind'?","A. A jet on the windward side of a mountain barrier, blowing parallel to the barrier. B. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. C. An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. D. A wind directed up a slope, often used to describe winds produced by processes larger in scale than the slope.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,upslope wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/UpslopeWind 1_1_wigohnjl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscle dysmorphic disorder'?","A. A somatoform disorder that involves an excessive concern about and preoccupation with a perceived defect in their physical features (body image). B. A subtype of body dysmorphic disorder in which a person perceives their body as too small. C. An entertainment event which is performed by drag artists. D. Malformation of parts of the genital system that are considered wolffian.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,muscle dysmorphic disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009163 1_1_07inhd5x,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'human settlement'?","A. A settlement which has been established and is managed through officially sanctioned processes and is recognised as legal by a competent authority. B. An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. C. A settlement on land that the inhabitants have a legal claim to. D. An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,human settlement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001829 1_1_7mbqlf5y,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'item'?","A. The physical copy of any manifestation, such as a sheet of paper on a desk or file stored somewhere in some computer on the net or disconnected. E.g.: the file called act32005.pdf on my computer containing a PDF representation of act 3, 2005. B. The abstract concept of a legal resource. E.g.: act 3 of 2005. C. A real human being, regardless whether he/she is alive or deceased, named or unnamed. For fictional person, see the class concept. E.g.: John Doe, the person with ID RSSMRA72H12L116B. D. Anything concrete (i.e. made of atoms) that can be referred to but that does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: a pen, a pet, a building.",A,1_1,legal/allot,item,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/FRBRItem 1_1_gna5bbkx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pod width - Method'?","A. Mean width of the 10 mature pods per plot that are measured for length B. Average the weight of 10 randomly selected plants at 50% flowering C. Average fresh Weight of nodule from 10 plants per experimental unit D. Visual assessment of the tickness of the pod wall",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Pod width - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000761 1_1_sw0rmo24,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Role'?","A. Role, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Participant, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). B. Complex Gateway C. A grouping of activities that does not affect the Sequence Flow. The grouping can be used for documentation or analysis purposes. Groups can also be used to identify the activities of a distributed transaction that is shown across Pools. D. Entity, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Participant, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Role,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#role 1_1_udi99q29,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cytoplasmic vesicle membrane'?","A. The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome. B. The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell. C. The process of isolating and testing the DNA of an embryo or a person to detect the presence of genetic alterations or defects that may predispose to the future development of a disease or disorder. D. The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cytoplasmic vesicle membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030659 1_1_ecqogjym,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-hexopyranose 6-phosphate'?","A. The pyranose form of D-mannose 6-phosphate. B. Any D-hexose 6-phosphate in which the hexose is in the pyranose form. C. The pyranose form of D-galactose 6-phosphate. D. A D-hexopyranose 6-phosphate that is the 6-monophospho derivative of 2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-hexopyranose 6-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61667 1_1_ebx20h8u,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Have Indigestion'?","A. A question about how much difficulty an individual currently has learning new tasks or instructions. B. A question about whether an individual has or had difficulty in swallowing. C. A question pertaining to a clinical or research assessment. D. A question about whether an individual has or had indigestion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Have Indigestion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C125913 1_1_oxfyv0d5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ArrayExpress Bioconductor'?","A. 1) Data transformation for meta-analysis of microarray Data: Transformation of gene expression data to signed probability scale (MCMC/EM methods) 2) Combined differential expression on raw scale: Weighted Z-score after stabilizing mean-variance relation within platform B. The package enables retrieval of large amounts of data in a uniform way without the need to know the underlying database schemas or write complex SQL queries. C. Computes Mantel cluster correlations from a (p x n) numeric data matrix (e.g. microarray gene-expression data) D. ArrayExpress Bioconductor package is software that read in MAGE-TAB format files from the ArrayExpress FTP site and converts them to R objects.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ArrayExpress Bioconductor,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000405 1_1_t795z7ic,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-methylbut-2-enal'?","A. An enal consisting of but-2-ene with a methyl substituent at position 3 and an oxo group at position 1. B. A monoterpenoid that is (2E,6E)-octa-2,6-dienal substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. C. An apo carotenoid triterpenoid that is 4,4'-diapolycopene in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to the corresponding aldehyde. D. An enal that is hexadiene carrying an oxo group at position 1.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3-methylbut-2-enal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15825 1_1_2x34br1d,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lymphatic part of lymphoid system'?","A. An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. B. This grouping class is primarily to accommodate GO C. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia[GO]. D. An organ system subdivision that is the part of the lymphoid system that excludes the lymphatic vessels..",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lymphatic part of lymphoid system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006558 1_1_38qr9qmm,"In the ontology of Geology Names, which of the following definitions best describes 'RDF Data'?","A. A geographical feature B. A Wikipedia article C. A Web page displaying a map D. A Document containing RDF description of one or several features.",D,1_1,earth_environment/geonames_ontology,RDF Data,https://www.geonames.org/ontology#RDFData 1_1_wlgnpd3d,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Republic of Ireland'?","A. A country in western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria. B. A country in central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico. C. A country in central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and south of Rwanda. D. A country in north-western Europe. The modern sovereign state occupies five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned in 1921. It is bordered by Northern Ireland (part of the United Kingdom) to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and by the Irish Sea to the east. Administration follows the 34 ""county-level"" counties and cities of Ireland. Of these twenty-nine are counties, governed by county councils while the five cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford have city councils, (previously known as corporations), and are administered separately from the counties bearing those names. The City of Kilkenny is the only city in the republic which does not have a ""city council""; it is still a borough but not a county borough and is administered as part of County Kilkenny. Ireland is split into eight regions for NUTS statistical purposes. These are not related to the four traditional provinces but are based on the administrative counties.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Republic of Ireland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00002943 1_1_q5l99qqc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic cavity element'?","A. An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. B. A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. C. An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. D. A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,thoracic cavity element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005178 1_1_grch64ja,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'barometric tendency'?","A. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When wind or water deposit fine grained material on the surface, it creates sheets. Over thousands of years, the composition can change subtly or distinctly and the result is differing compositions of layered deposits. As the overlying layers compact the soil underneath the soil is converted to rock by the process of lithification. [Wikipedia] B. Eons are divided into eras [several hundred million years] [Wikipedia] C. The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation. D. The character and amount of atmospheric pressure change during a specified period of time, often a three-hour period preceding an observation.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,barometric tendency,http://sweetontology.net/propPressure/BarometricTendency 1_1_x6ocymip,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic kidney DP, stage 4'?","A. Chronic, irreversible renal failure. B. Hypertension (Elevated blood pressure) in patients with stage 5 kidney disease or end stage renal disease C. progressive loss in kidney function over a period of months or years. D. kidneys are moderately or severely damaged and are not working as they should. Stage 4 kidney disease should be taken very seriously – it is the last stage before kidney failure.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"chronic kidney DP, stage 4",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000270 1_1_qorjr19x,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures'?","A. Care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures B. code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. C. a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient. D. medications used to treat cancer",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000378 1_1_2r2wpssq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other iron deficiency anemia DP'?","A. Iron deficiency anemia (a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy blood cells) caused by chronic blood loss B. caused by a shortage of iron in your body. C. Anemia caused by low iron intake, inefficient iron absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, or chronic blood loss. D. Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia — a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other iron deficiency anemia DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000280 1_1_ztgno5jq,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gate'?","A. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. B. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. C. Gate, which is used in the definition of attributes for Gateways, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). D. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Gate,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#gate 1_1_qjoq0846,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pain localized to upper abdomen'?","A. symptoms that have to do with food/fluid intake B. Abdominal pain, also known as stomach pain or stomachache, is a common symptom associated with both temporary, non-serious disorders and more serious conditions. C. A general state of ill health involving marked weight loss and muscle loss. D. Sepsis associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Pain localized to upper abdomen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000116 1_1_46sqeo4a,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate(2-)'?","A. A linear tetrapyrrole anion obtained by deprotonation of the two carboxy groups of mycobilin a; major species at pH 7.3. B. Conjugate base of (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. C. Dicarboxylate anion of 3-ethylmalic acid. D. A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy groups of 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_194524 1_1_zfj41nxr,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Knee flexion contracture'?","A. A limitation in the passive range of motion of a joint of the lower limb resulting from loss of elasticity in the periarticular tissues owing to structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules or skin. B. A type of knee joint contracture in which the knee is in a fixed bent (flexed) configuration such that it cannot be straightened actively or passively. C. A type of knee joint contracture in which the knee lacks full expected flexion, such that the upper and lower leg cannot be brought together. D. Lack of full passive range of motion (restrictions in flexion, extension, or other movements) of the knee joint resulting from structural changes of non-bony tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and/or skin.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Knee flexion contracture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006380 1_1_grwiyve5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA'?","A. Catalytic activity that acts to modify DNA, driven by ATP hydrolysis. B. A molecular function characterized by the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to other steps of a reaction mechanism to make the reaction energetically favorable, for example to catalyze a reaction or drive transport against a concentration gradient. C. Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate; this reaction requires the presence of RNA, and it drives another reaction. D. A motor activity that generates movement along a microtubule, driven by ATP hydrolysis.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008186 1_1_4xyho1mn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sequence Alignment and Modeling System'?","A. Affymetrix® Microarray Suite (MAS) is the core software product in the Affymetrix Software System providing instrument control, data acquisition, and data analysis for the entire GeneChip® platform. B. Genetic Analyzer is a multi-color fluorescence-based DNA analysis system with 16 capillaries operating in parallel, offers high-quality data and efficient sample processing C. bcbio provides a shared community resource that handles the data processing component of sequencing analysis, providing researchers with more time to focus on the downstream biology. D. Sequence Alignment and Modeling System, a collection of flexible software tools for creating, refining, and using linear hidden Markov models for biological sequence analysis.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Sequence Alignment and Modeling System,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000077 1_1_ap58idzg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Absent eyebrow'?","A. Absence of the eyebrow. B. Absence or underdevelopment of the eyebrow. C. Decreased density/number of eyebrow hairs. D. Absence of facial hair.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Absent eyebrow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002223 1_1_txd9lsa7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cell'?","A. Anatomical structure, each instance of which has as its boundary the external surface of some maximally connected plasma membrane. Examples: lymphocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, neuron. B. Anatomical structure, each instance of which is a subdivision of some tissue demarcated by bonafide or fiat boundaries. Examples: stratum germinativum, lamina of cerebral cortex. C. Anatomical structure present after birth. D. anatomical structure, each instance of which is a regional part of some cardinal body part; it has as its constitutional part some subdivision of the integument, such that for each instance of cardinal body part the meronymic sum of its cardinal subdivisions constitutes the instance of cardinal body part. Examples: thorax, perineum, back of neck, forearm, hand, phalanx, nose, auricle of ear, scrotum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cell,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 1_1_tynfcmnw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'microsporangium wall'?","A. A microsporangium wall that is part of an anther . B. A sporangium wall that is part of a microsporangium . C. A cardinal organ part that is composed of the outer layers of a sporangium and bounds the archesporium or plant spores . D. A sporangium wall that is part of a megasporangium.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,microsporangium wall,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025307 1_1_p0uiik8b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''genArise''?","A. LBE is an efficient procedure for estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses, the false discovery rate (and so the q-values) in the framework of estimating procedures based on the marginal distribution of the p-values without assumption for the alternative hypothesis. B. genArise is an easy to use tool for dual color microarray data. Its GUI-Tk based environment let any non-experienced user performs a basic, but not simple, data analysis just following a wizard. In addition it provides some tools for the developer. C. Dimension Reduction for Array CGH Data with Minimal Information Loss D. A set of tools to work with alternative splicing",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'genArise',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000549 1_1_8gs3p198,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'airway submucosal gland duct basal cell'?","A. Undifferentiated; mitotic stem cell for other epithelial cell types; rounded or elliptical with little cytoplasm and few organelles; contain cytokeratin intermediate filament. B. A basal cell that is part of a duct of an airway submucosal gland. C. A basal cell that is part of the urothelium. Compared to other urothelial cell types, a basal cell of the urothelium is positioned along the basement membrane, is the most undifferentiated and serves a progenitor role. D. A basal cell in the respiratory tract.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,airway submucosal gland duct basal cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033024 1_1_wwl6evij,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evaluators name and address'?","A. Name the department or county (minor administrative division) where accession was collected B. Use code to state how seednuts were collected (and thus how well their origin is known) C. Provide evaluators name and address D. Provide name of farm or institute where the accession is planted",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Evaluators name and address,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000435 1_1_qxoriocq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 2'?","A. A form of familial Alzheimer disease, that begins after age 65. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an association of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. C. Early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (EOAD) is a progressive dementia with reduction of cognitive functions. EOAD presents the same phenotype as sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) but has an early age of onset, usually before 60 years old. D. A degenerative disease of the brain that causes gradual loss of memory, judgment, and the ability to function socially. About 25% of all Alzheimer disease is familial (more than 2 people in a family have AD). When Alzheimer disease begins before 60 or 65 years of age (early-onset AD) about 60% of the cases are familial (also known as Early-onset familial AD). These cases appear to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007089 1_1_6qk8zxr4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nerve innervating pinna'?","A. Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. B. The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. C. Any nerve that innervates the pinna. D. The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve, which supplies sensory innervation to the tongue. It also carries fibers from the facial nerve, which return taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nerve innervating pinna,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035648 1_1_q6ildms7,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'atmospheric, earth, marine, or space sciences teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses in political science, international affairs, and international relations. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Teach courses in the physical sciences, except chemistry and physics. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching, and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Provide individualized physical education instruction or services to children, youth, or adults with exceptional physical needs due to gross motor developmental delays or other impairments. D. Teach courses pertaining to the application of physical laws and principles of engineering for the development of machines, materials, instruments, processes, and services. Includes teachers of subjects such as chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, mechanical, mineral, and petroleum engineering. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"atmospheric, earth, marine, or space sciences teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25105100 1_1_d8v8wbf1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seed kernel content'?","A. The weight of kernel over weight of whole seed B. Weight in grams of kernel per 100 seeds C. The average weight in grams of a boll D. Fiber Density (FD), estimated fibers per mm2 of SSA (seed surface area)",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seed kernel content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000077 1_1_6t0xjmrd,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Medial malleolus'?","A. Zone of tibia, each instance of which is a process on the medial side of some tibia. B. Organismal entity which is enclosed by the bona fide boundary of an organism or is an attribute of its structural organization during gestational and maturational development and senescence. C. Subdivision of abdomen which is demarcated from the pelvis by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture. Examples: There is only one abdomen proper. D. Articular disk of knee joint, each instance of which is crescent-shaped fibrocartilage attached to lateral marginal part of superior articular surface of some tibia.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Medial malleolus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma35451 1_1_28u0djn6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'granulocyte'?","A. A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. B. A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage. C. Myeloid mononuclear recirculating leukocyte that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts and some populations of tissue dendritic cells. D. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,granulocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000094 1_1_xgmvlxeq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'supply-induced treatment demand'?","A. A that has positive or negative valence. B. A quality of a population that involves the number of people in the population who seek a treatment. C. Treatment demand that is influenced by the availability of the treatment to to population. D. An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,supply-induced treatment demand,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000327 1_1_qq0k1uuo,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'critical thinking'?","A. A skill realized in understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. B. A skill realized in motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job. C. A skill realized in managing one's own time and the time of others. D. A skill realized in using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,critical thinking,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000024 1_1_xaflmfgr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'proofreader or copy marker'?","A. Read transcript or proof type setup to detect and mark for correction any grammatical, typographical, or compositional errors. Excludes workers whose primary duty is editing copy. Includes proofreaders of braille. B. Analyze and coordinate the schedule, timeline, procurement, staffing, and budget of a product or service on a per project basis. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. May serve as a point of contact for the client or customer. C. Conduct security assessments for organizations, and design security systems and processes. May specialize in areas such as physical security or the safety of employees and facilities. D. Design underground or overhead wind farm collector systems and prepare and develop site specifications.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,proofreader or copy marker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43908100 1_1_3vdun6g9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'melena DP'?","A. Abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding) B. A stomach bug or stomach flu C. sudden onset of hematuria combined with bladder pain and irritative bladder symptoms. Hematuria is blood in the urine. D. Bleeding from the gastric wall.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,melena DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000317 1_1_6ig01xvg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'feather bud, dermal component'?","A. Laminar subdivision of the cleithrum that extends along the ventral (lateral) midbody of the suprascapula. B. A temporary layer between old and new skin that is invalided by white blood cells[Kardong]. C. An organ subunit in the skin that gives rise to cutaneous appendage. D. The part of the feather bud formed by a proliferation of dermal cells.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,"feather bud, dermal component",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011803 1_1_wfpciw7m,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to lysosome. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to cilium.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of protein localization to cell division site involved in mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0110084 1_1_970kkdpf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Qdot 705'?","A. A quantum dot fluorescent dye with an emission wavelength of 585 nm. B. A quantum dot fluorescent dye with an emission wavelength of 564 nm. C. A quantum dot fluorescent dye with an emission wavelength of 706 nm. D. A quantum dot fluorescent dye with an emission wavelength of 560 nm.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Qdot 705,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52760 1_1_8gjjhuvr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'frazil ice formation'?","A. An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. B. A new ice formation process in which slush ice is formed. C. A new ice formation process in which shuga is formed. D. A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,frazil ice formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000047 1_1_mrdk4e9t,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'casticin'?","A. A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii. B. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 5' and methoxy groups at positions 3, 7, 8 and 4'. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Mimosa diplotricha. C. A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis. D. A flavone C-glycoside that is apigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl and a beta-L-arabinopyranosyl residues at positions 6 and 8 respectively via C-glycosidic linkage.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,casticin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69355 1_1_axre2eb7,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'available potential energy'?","A. Color of the powder of a substance. B. In geology, geothermal refers to heat sources within the planet. Strictly speaking, geo-thermal necessarily refers to the Earth but the concept may be applied to other planets. Geothermal is technically an adjective (e.g., geothermal energy) but in U.S. English the word has attained frequent use as a noun (otherwise expressed as g. heat, g. source, or geotherm). The planet's internal heat was originally generated during its accretion, due to gravitational binding energy, and since then additional heat has continued to be generated by the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium, thorium, and potassium. The heat flow from the interior to the surface is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun. C. That portion of the total potential energy that may be converted to kinetic energy in an adiabatically enclosed system. D. Analogous to convective available potential energy, except that it is related to the negative buoyancy associated with evaporative cooling of liquid water within a sinking cloudy air parcel.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,available potential energy,http://sweetontology.net/propEnergy/AvailablePotentialEnergy 1_1_2mqliqk3,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell of the bundle of His. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in a cardiac muscle cell. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098901 1_1_uljnag9e,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Calculus of ureter'?","A. Diseases that affect the male reproductive and genital organs B. acute or chronic inflammation of the renal tubules and interstitium. Acute interstitial nephritis is commonly caused by allergic reactions to drugs, but infection or systemic disease may also precipitate the disease. C. Ureteral stones are kidney stones that have become stuck in one or both ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) D. A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and hypokalemia. ~ an inability to concentrate urine due to impaired renal tubule response to vasopressin (ADH), which leads to excretion of large amounts of dilute urine.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Calculus of ureter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000073 1_1_byzod8up,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-[S-5-hexenoylpantetheine-4'-phosphoryl]serine(1-) residue'?","A. An O-(S-acylpantetheine-4'-phosphoryl)serine(1-) residue in which the S-acyl group is specified as 3-oxohexadecanoyl. B. Major species at pH 7.3 C. An O-(S-acylpantetheine-4'-phosphoryl)serine(1-) residue in which the S-acyl group is specified as 5-hexenoyl. D. An anionic amino-acid residue formed by proton loss from the phospho group of an O-(S-2-alkyl-3-oxoacyl-pantetheine-4'-phosphoryl)-L-serine residue; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,O-[S-5-hexenoylpantetheine-4'-phosphoryl]serine(1-) residue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86298 1_1_f897se8y,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'subdivision of trunk'?","A. Any of various ethnic groups located primarily in China. B. Subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which is a regional part of body proper. C. Subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which is a regional part of trunk. D. Subdivision of trunk, each instance of which is a regional part of front of trunk; together with the meronymic sum of subdivisions of trunk constitute the trunk.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,subdivision of trunk,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25054 1_1_ix1wsktf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'SE.13 thirteen nodes or internodes visible stage'?","A. The stage at which maximum stem length is reached. B. The stage at which one node or one internode is visible. C. The stage at which sixteen nodes or more, or sixteen internodes or more are visible. D. The stage at which thirteen nodes or thirteen internodes are visible.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,SE.13 thirteen nodes or internodes visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007090 1_1_quzklq15,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbohydrate derivative'?","A. A compound in which a carbohydrate component is covalently bound to a protein component. B. A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from an oligosaccharide. C. Any organooxygen compound derived from a carbohydrate by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by an amino group, a thiol group or similar heteroatomic groups. The term also includes derivatives of these compounds. D. Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,carbohydrate derivative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63299 1_1_vj0h44o2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of testosterone secretion. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response to wounding. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of histamine secretion by mast cell. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903594 1_1_n3c4sj2q,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'object'?","A. (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces B. (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit C. (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested D. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'.",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,object,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 1_1_1qwyk33i,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Irradiance'?","A. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. ""Irradiance"" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. ""Radiant exitance"" or ""radiant emittance"" is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface. The SI units for all of these quantities are watts per square meter (W/m2) (wikipedia). All of these quantities characterize the total amount of radiation present, at all frequencies. It is also common to consider each frequency in the spectrum separately. When this is done for radiation incident on a surface, it is called spectral irradiance, and has SI units W/m3, or commonly W·m−2·nm−1. B. Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). C. The number of photons striking an area per unit time. This could be probably also be called a PhotonArealDensityRate. D. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are radiometry terms for the power per unit area of electromagnetic radiation at a surface. ""Irradiance"" is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. ""Radiant exitance"" or ""radiant emittance"" is used when the radiation is emerging from the surface. The SI units for all of these quantities are watts per square meter (W/m2) (wikipedia). All of these quantities characterize the total amount of radiation present, at all frequencies. It is also common to consider each frequency in the spectrum separately. When this is done for radiation incident on a surface, it is called spectral irradiance, and has SI units W/m3, or commonly W·m−2·nm−1.",D,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Irradiance,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#Irradiance 1_1_yd839quk,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'biogeochemical process'?","A. A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. B. A remote sensing process during which image data about a planet is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. C. An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet. D. A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,biogeochemical process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500030 1_1_s7ydburn,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking with trembling voice'?","A. Speaking with a voice softer than usual. B. Speaking in a manner that is slower than the norm for that person. C. Remaining silent, not producing spoken utterances. D. Speaking with a voice that is hesitant or trembling.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking with trembling voice,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000155 1_1_jina2dzp,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Binding'?","A. A paper stock on which a comic is printed. B. A plastic of which a supply item is composed. C. A material or medium of which an object is composed. D. A binding method or material used to bind the pages of a comic.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Binding,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Binding 1_1_l6fgsrmp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anti-beta-2-Glycoprotein I IgM antibody positivity'?","A. Presence of IgM antibodies against beta 2 glycoprotein I in the circulation. Beta-2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) is the principal target of autoantibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome. B. Presence of antibodies against beta 2 glycoprotein I in the circulation. Beta-2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) is the principal target of autoantibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). C. The directed movement of a lipid from a cell, into the extracellular region. D. Presence of IgG antibodies against beta 2 glycoprotein I in the circulation. Beta-2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) is the principal target of autoantibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anti-beta-2-Glycoprotein I IgM antibody positivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034157 1_1_rwoh3e02,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking a long utterance'?","A. Speaking with a voice louder than usual. B. Speaking in a manner which is disturbed relative to what is the norm for that person. C. Speaking behaviour in which a long utterance is produced. D. Speaking with a voice softer than usual.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking a long utterance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000159 1_1_flj407an,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'commercial or industrial designer'?","A. Assess, plan, or implement fitness programs that include exercise or physical activities such as those designed to improve cardiorespiratory function, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, or flexibility. B. Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development activities and staff of an organization. D. Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,commercial or industrial designer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27102100 1_1_x845kujw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyrimidine ribonucleotide interconversion'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine ribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine ribonucleotide. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate. D. The chemical reactions and pathways by which a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide is synthesized from another pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pyrimidine ribonucleotide interconversion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015954 1_1_tg6moluh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes '121227'?","A. An insect that is an obligate ectoparasite of humans, feeding exclusively on blood. The crab louse usually is found in the person's pubic hair. Although the louse cannot jump, it can also live in other areas of the body that are covered with coarse hair, such as the perianal area, in men practically the entire body, and in children the eyelashes. B. The process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society. C. A genus of lice. There are only two extant species, and they are the sole known members of the family Pthiridae. Pthirus gorillae infests gorillas, and Pthirus pubis afflicts humans, and is commonly known as the crab louse or pubic louse. The two species diverged some 3.3 million years ago. D. A taxonomic family within the order Psocodea.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,121227,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/121227 1_1_6enltiuw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'transitional cell carcinoma'?","A. A carcinoma that derives_from transitional epithelial cells. B. A carcinoma that is a malignant epithelial neoplasm densely infiltrated by lymphoid cells. C. A carcinoma that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells, derives_from epithelial cells, which originate in glandular tissue. D. A transitional cell carcinoma that has sarcoma-like components arising from the malignant transitional epithelium.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,transitional cell carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2671 1_1_p1bmg3bh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'along-front current'?","A. A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. B. A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. C. Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. D. System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,along-front current,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000100 1_1_ek6xp6il,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'parietal notch'?","A. Either of two lateral parts of the ethmoid bone that form part of the anterior wall of the orbit. B. The organ of balance composed of three long bony tubes of the labyrinth. C. Anteroposterior expansion of the distal region of the pubis. D. A pronounced notch or cavity in the lateral face of the parietal.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,parietal notch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018346 1_1_bs9mafgh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'epibranchial 2 bone proximal cartilage'?","A. A basibranchial element that is cartilage. Basibranchial elements are ventral, median, and associated with a single pharyngeal arch in the pharyngeal arch 3-7 skeleton. B. Pharyngeal cartilage that is part of and at the proximal end of epibranchial 2 bone, and that usually articulates with a pharyngobranchial element. Epibranchial 2 bone proximal cartilage is paired. C. An alisphenoid endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue. D. The ethmo-palatine cartilage (EPC) is a distinct body situated between the posterior surface of the upper arm of the premaxilla and the anterior margin of the palatine. There is usually only a single cartilage mass lying between these bones, although that cartilage is apparently subdivided into two units in some taxa (e.g., the Old World characiform family Citharinidae, Vari, 1979:294). Vari 1989a.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,epibranchial 2 bone proximal cartilage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001957 1_1_z3n70td4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'interaction'?","A. process that multiple substances are in contact and have some consequence B. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier C. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along a fault. [Wikipedia] D. The rate of flow of some quantity, often used in reference to the flow of some form of energy.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,interaction,http://sweetontology.net/phenSystem/Interaction 1_1_wrhmnhdm,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant lodging incidence'?","A. Panicle dry matter content. B. The leaf biomass expressed in dry matter basis that was harvested per unit area. C. Stem biomass moisture content. D. Plant lodging incidence.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant lodging incidence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000283 1_1_ojnz5vwd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac muscle tissue regeneration'?","A. The regrowth of cardiac muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage. B. The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. C. The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction. D. The regrowth of skeletal muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cardiac muscle tissue regeneration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061026 1_1_8vvpaf59,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'computer or information research scientist'?","A. Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance. B. Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements. C. Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as theorists, designers, or inventors. Develop solutions to problems in the field of computer hardware and software. D. Teach courses in forestry and conservation science. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,computer or information research scientist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15122100 1_1_d46i7bgy,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'heme'?","A. A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. B. A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2O4Zn. C. Fe(3+) bound to N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serinate (CHEBI:58154) D. A hydrate that is the tetrahydrate form of iron dichloride.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,heme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30413 1_1_0xnzrr5t,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'intrahepatic bile duct'?","A. Any of the ducts that form the biliary tree, carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine. B. Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct. C. A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. D. The tubules located between the bile canaliculi and interlobular bile ducts near the outer edge of a classic liver lobule.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,intrahepatic bile duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003704 1_1_mjb0pv2n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ectopic adrenal gland'?","A. Enlargement of the adrenal gland. B. Any structural anomaly of the adrenal glands. C. Abnormal anatomical location of the adrenal gland. D. Abnormal thickening of of the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland due to fibrosis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Ectopic adrenal gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011742 1_1_tfc36p8a,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated urinary L-glycerate level'?","A. Amount of 2-methylacetoacetic acid in the urine above upper limit of normal. B. The amount of L-glycerate in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal. C. Amount of octanoic acid in the urine above the upper limit of normal. D. The amount of 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acidin the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated urinary L-glycerate level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000670 1_1_0i44gtbu,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease'?","A. A stage of Alzheimer's disease where symptoms appear such as concern regarding a change in cognition (raised either by the patient himself/herself or by an informant who knows the patient well), impairment in one or more cognitive domains, preservation of independence in functional abilities and other non-demented symptoms. B. A disease stage of Alzheimer's disease that begins long before any symptoms become apparent. The symptoms go unnoticed by the patients and people around them and this stage can last for years, possibly even decades. C. Any Alzheimer disease in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the ADAM10 gene. D. A degenerative disease of the brain that causes gradual loss of memory, judgment, and the ability to function socially. About 25% of all Alzheimer disease is familial (more than 2 people in a family have AD). When Alzheimer disease begins before 60 or 65 years of age (early-onset AD) about 60% of the cases are familial (also known as Early-onset familial AD). These cases appear to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000049 1_1_jd546ii2,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(S)-quizalofop-ethyl'?","A. An ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate that has S configuration. B. This compound is related to CHEBI:141769, but I am unsure how to express it in the ontology. C. An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid with ethanol. D. An ethyl 2-{4-[(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoate that has R configuration. A proherbicide for quizalofop-P, it is used to control annual and perennial grass weeds in a variety of crops, including potatoes, sugar beet, peanuts, cotton and flax.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(S)-quizalofop-ethyl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_137939 1_1_vus7x08u,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure'?","A. Energy per unit area. B. The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of gravitational attraction exerted upon the column of air lying directly above the point in question. C. Force per unit area. D. The pressure that a component of a gaseous mixture would have if it alone occupied the same volume at the same temperature as the mixture.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pressure,http://sweetontology.net/propPressure/Pressure 1_1_kyx81uka,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'diagnosis'?","A. The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process. B. A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family. C. A data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process D. A representation of clinically significant bodily components, dispositions, and/or bodily processes of a human being that is inferred from relevant clinical findings.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,diagnosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000073 1_1_ep7pz52u,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cigarette dependence'?","A. A substance dependence in which the dependence is on use of cigarettes. B. Substance dependence in which the dependence is on nicotine. C. A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. D. A bodily disposition which is realised as impaired functioning following reduction or termination of use of a psychoactive substance as a result of long-term physiological adaptation to that substance.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cigarette dependence,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001222 1_1_r7dbnhkz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell layer'?","A. Barrier in the choroid plexus located in the lateral, third, and fourth brain ventricles that controls the entrance of substances into the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood[MP]. B. The specialized glial structure (non-neuronal cells) situated at the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube; this structure spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions, separating the left and right basal plates of the developing neural tube, and serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube. C. Portion of tissue, that consists of single layer of cells connected to each other by cell junctions. Examples: layer of glial cells; epithelium. D. The structure of the outer structural layer of the rodent placenta[MP].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cell layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000119 1_1_cnbr1gmh,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'infectious disorder'?","A. A disorder of some macroscopic part of a tissue B. A disorder whose etiology involves (1) a modification to the patient's genomic DNA which leads to alterations in the normal expression pattern of the genome, but is (2) not a change in the nucleotide sequence. C. A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome. D. An infection that is clinically abnormal.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,infectious disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000504 1_1_sry4nicn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'constitutional law'?","A. A body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or territorial governments. B. The rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil, lawsuit, criminal or administrative proceedings. The rules are designed to ensure a fair and consistent application of due process (in the U.S.) or fundamental justice (in other common law countries) to all cases that come before a court. C. An area of legal study which deals with the constitutional, common-law, statutory, tax treaty, and regulatory rules that constitute the law applicable to taxation. D. Law which governs the relation between individuals and the goverment, and those relationships between individuals which are of direct concern to society. Public law includes constitutional law, administrative law, tax law, criminal law, and procedural law.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,constitutional law,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003137 1_1_fkwyl63h,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypoplastic fifth toenail'?","A. A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. B. The presence of a neoplasm of the urinary system. C. Underdeveloped nails of the fifth toes. D. Underdevelopment of the toenail.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypoplastic fifth toenail,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011937 1_1_iioczs8q,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral smokeless tobacco leaf'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is formed of dry finely-ground tobacco and is placed by a person in the nasal cavity. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for both oral or nasal use, in which fermented, roasted tobacco (sometimes with flavourings) is made into a dry, fine powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which raw tobacco leaf is powdered, flaked or sold in bundles of several long strands. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco is mixed with areca nut, lime, catechu and additional ingredients to form a coarse powder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oral smokeless tobacco leaf,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001021 1_1_93yt1sax,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'acrylic paint medium'?","A. A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. B. A paint thinner specific for altering the viscosity of enamel paints. C. A solvent that can dissolve paint and reduce viscosity of paint or ""thin"" it. D. A liquid, gel, or paste that can be mixed into acrylic paint to alter paint consistency and properties.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,acrylic paint medium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03510026 1_1_5ttxygdw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section - Computation'?","A. Calculate using the formula. B. Compute number of days required from sowing to heading C. Calculate the outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section in comparison with the total internode cross section area D. Compute the stem volume as the sum of the individual volume of each internode along the stem using internode length and diameter and assuming that internodes are cylinders",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Outer zone (Z1) area of the internode cross section - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000837 1_1_cr9gzm07,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain yield of a single plant - Method'?","A. Actual measurement of the weight of the grain harvested from a representative plant of a plot B. Measurement of chlorophyll using a chlorophyll SPAD meter between 8am -10am as per manufacturers instructions C. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) D. Measure the length of the leaflet of the young , mature leaf in the 6th week after sowing whose shape was recorded",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain yield of a single plant - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000873 1_1_882b1dlw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf angle between 2nd and 3rd lobes'?","A. Observe seed fuzz on the seed surface and rate the density of fuzz B. Number of monopodial branches C. The shape and structure of plant D. The angle between leaf second the third lobes",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf angle between 2nd and 3rd lobes,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000843 1_1_sjiflb6s,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'food service manager'?","A. Select and breed animals according to their genealogy, characteristics, and offspring. May require knowledge of artificial insemination techniques and equipment use. May involve keeping records on heats, birth intervals, or pedigree. B. Provide information by accessing alphabetical, geographical, or other directories. Assist customers with special billing requests, such as charges to a third party and credits or refunds for incorrectly dialed numbers or bad connections. May handle emergency calls and assist children or people with physical disabilities to make telephone calls. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages. D. Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,food service manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11905100 1_1_1bzx84sw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'spintery'?","A. Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. B. In geology, a fault or fault line is a planar rock fracture, which shows evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation that is associated with the fault plane. C. Splintery is a fracture type that occurs in fibrous or finely acicular minerals and in minerals that have a relatively stronger structure in one direction than the other two. D. Jagged has sharp points or edges that catch on a finger that's rubbed across the surface.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,spintery,http://sweetontology.net/phenSolid/Spintery 1_1_3be0der7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Focal aware emotional seizure with pleasure'?","A. Focal emotional seizure with anxiety, fear or panic as an expressed or observed emotion at the outset of the seizure, in which awareness is retained throughout. B. Focal emotional seizure with pleasure in which awareness is retained throughout. C. Focal emotional seizure with pleasure is characterized by the presence of a positive emotional experience with pleasure, bliss, joy, enhanced personal well-being, heightened self-awareness or ecstasy. D. Focal emotional seizure with paranoia in which awareness is retained throughout.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Focal aware emotional seizure with pleasure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032742 1_1_ng3v0jtu,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, killing heart myocytes and ultimately resulting in muscle damage in the bitten organism. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how predictable an event was. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044522 1_1_yw7wiarj,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thioridazine'?","A. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2. B. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. C. A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. D. A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,thioridazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9566 1_1_6dpybgcf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal pouch'?","A. An internal pocketing of pharyngeal endoderm that contacts a region of ectoderm (a pharyngeal cleft) and interdigitates in the anterior and posterior directions with the pharyngeal arches. B. A roof plate that is part of a medulla oblongata [Automatically generated definition]. C. An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. D. Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium.[FMA].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pharyngeal pouch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004117 1_1_mrfmuim0,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Scaphoid proper'?","A. Organ segment which is regional part of scaphoid proper. Examples: There are only two scaphoid proper, left and right scaphoid proper. B. Organ segment which is regional part of trachea. Examples: cervical segment of trachea, bifurcation of trachea. C. Organ segment which is regional part of pericardial sac. Examples: aortic part of pericardial sac, inferior vena caval segment of pericaridal sac. D. Organ segment which is regional part of capitate bone proper. Examples: There are only two capitate bone proper, left and right capitate bone proper.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Scaphoid proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85296 1_1_k6455abv,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'adjustable power e-cigarette atomiser'?","A. An e-cigarette atomiser that is designed to be replaceable. B. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour. C. An e-cigarette atomiser which has only one power level. D. An e-cigarette atomiser which the user can adjust to different levels of power.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,adjustable power e-cigarette atomiser,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000190 1_1_yxpy348p,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bloodplay'?","A. Any sexual activity involving the use of blood to create sexual arousal. B. Erotic asphyxiation; a sexual practice involving the intentional deprivation of oxygen to the brain by choking, hanging, or other means. C. A subjective term for activity (sexual or mentally manipulative) that may challenge the conventional S.S.C. (safe, sane and consensual) scheme observed in BDSM; if one is aware of the risks and consequences and is willing to accept them, then the activity is considered RACK (risk-aware consensual kink). D. A form of consensual BDSM edgeplay involving knives, daggers, and swords as a source of physical and mental stimulation.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bloodplay,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001354 1_1_2ceow486,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'liquid'?","A. A quality of a population that is the degree of variation among members of the population on some valued attribute. B. A quality inhering in an e-cigarette atomiser. C. A quality that inheres in some independent continuant and involves a detrimental change in the bearer's condition compared with a normative or previously existing condition. D. A quality of a substance having no fixed shape but a fixed volume.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,liquid,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000973 1_1_37s8d96y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'diffuse bipolar 3b cell'?","A. An OFF calbindin-negative bipolar cell that has a large dendritic field and stratifies narrowly close to the middle of the inner plexiform layer. Its axon terminal is characterized by regularly branching and varicose processes resembling beads on a string. Most of DB3b contacts with cones are non-triad-associated. B. An OFF bipolar cell with a small dendritic tree that provides most of the triad-associated basal (flat) contacts at cone pedicles. C. An OFF diffuse bipolar cell that makes synaptic contact with both L/M and S-cone photoreceptors and only minimal contact with rod photoreceptors. D. An OFF bipolar cell that is fovea-specific and expresses FEZF1, NXPH1 and NXPH2.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,diffuse bipolar 3b cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033030 1_1_mdhcsdqa,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spore capsule annulus'?","A. A dehiscence zone that is part of an anther . B. A portion of plant tissue that is part of a plant structure and consists of a narrow band of cells that undergoes dehiscence upon maturation of the structure. C. A dehiscence zone that is part of a spore capsule. D. A dehiscence zone that is part of a fruit.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spore capsule annulus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025093 1_1_3nnoyr1k,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GenePattern software'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. Software is a plan specification composed of a series of instructions that can be interpreted by or directly executed by a processing unit. C. This package contains methods and functionality to analyse flow data that is beyond the basic infrastructure provided by the flowCore package. D. a software that provides access to more than 100 tools for gene expression analysis, proteomics, SNP analysis and common data processing tasks.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GenePattern software,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000713 1_1_yyhxpmv6,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary carboxamide'?","A. A thioester that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid. B. Research conducted with human subjects or on material of human origin in which an investigator directly interacts with human subjects; includes development of new technologies, study of mechanisms of human diseases, therapy, clinical trials, epidemiologic, behavior, and health services research. C. An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. D. A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,secondary carboxamide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140325 1_1_lpaa65w3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit proximal end'?","A. A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure that is the end of a fruit proximal to a fruit pedicel . B. A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure that is a proper part of a plant organ and includes portions of plant tissue of at least two different types. C. A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure that is a ridge on a seed that develops from a raphe . D. A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure that is attached to a seed and is the remnants of a funicle .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fruit proximal end,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008002 1_1_4f8p5ohz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of suckers'?","A. Assessment by respondents of physical features of a plant by giving it a score on the preference scale B. The date of planting the plant. C. The date of data collection. D. The number of all types of suckers in the mat.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of suckers,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000024 1_1_sa6jkzho,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'benign neonatal seizures'?","A. A nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by localized areas of hyperkeratosis located mainly on pressure points and sites of recurrent friction. B. An electroclinical syndrome with onset in the neonatal period less than 44 weeks of gestational age. C. A neonatal period electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by tonic spasms and partial seizures. D. A neonatal period electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by tonic-clonic seizures in newborns occurring within the first seven days of life and ceasing within the first 15 weeks of life and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of voltage-gated potassium channels or a chromosomal inversion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,benign neonatal seizures,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14264 1_1_dm1sq0ad,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'past-year tobacco smoker'?","A. A bodily process involving clinical signs or symptoms, or onset, prolongation or worsening of a clinical disorder or disease. B. An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past year. C. A tobacco smoker who has ever participated in smoking. D. An ever-tobacco smoker who has participated in tobacco smoking within the past 30 days.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,past-year tobacco smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000782 1_1_ifja02rf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber Boron concentration'?","A. The concentration of boron in tuber B. The concentration of ascorbic acid in dry weight basis C. The concentration of silver in tuber D. The lipophilic antioxidant activity in dry weight basis",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber Boron concentration,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0001116 1_1_iyyqef3i,"In the ontology of Chemical Information, which of the following definitions best describes 'information about a polyatomic entity'?","A. An information entity which is about a polyatomic molecular entity. B. software execution is a process in which the instruction set that comprises the software program is executed on a machine. C. The boiling point descriptor indicates the temperature at which a chemical substance undergoes a state transition from liquid to gas, at standard conditions. D. The mass of a molecule calculated according to some assumption about the isotopic identity of the atoms constituting it.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_information_ontology,information about a polyatomic entity,http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000066 1_1_3j1iy92k,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement maltose - Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method of the boiled storage root in fresh weight'?","A. Measure the iron concentration in fresh weight basis and record it B. Measure the beta-carotene concentration of the raw storage root in dry weight basis and record it C. Measure the maltose content of the boiled storage root in fresh weight and record it D. Measure the iron concentration in dry weight basis and record it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Measurement maltose - Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method of the boiled storage root in fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0002104 1_1_8fk3ohub,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'FreeBSD'?","A. CC BY 3.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. B. This is the original BSD license with the advertising clause and another clause removed. (It is also sometimes called the “2-clause BSD license”.) It is a lax, permissive non-copyleft free software license, compatible with the GNU GPL. C. This is a free software license under the definition of ""free"" by the GNU Project, and is compatible with version 3 of the GNU GPL. D. This is a lax, permissive non-copyleft free software license, compatible with the GNU GPL. It is sometimes ambiguously referred to as the MIT License. For substantial programs it is better to use the Apache 2.0 license since it blocks patent treachery.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,FreeBSD,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000007 1_1_3rtmgrdb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'edd'?","A. A cluster based method for missing value estimationn is included for comparison. BPCA, PPCA and NipalsPCA may be used to perform PCA on incomplete data as well as for accurate missing value estimation. A set of methods for printing and plotting the results is also provided. B. This package provides tools for evaluating cohort distributions of gene expression levels C. Transcript mapping with high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays D. A prototype for a mechanism for specifying the types of parameters and the return value for an R function. This is meta-information that can be used to generate stubs for servers and various interfaces to these functions",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,edd,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000526 1_1_gk3fjlgt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'acridine orange free base'?","A. A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring. B. An enamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[1-({4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl}sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of histone deacetylases with potential antineoplastic activity. C. A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by a (3S,4R)-1-(cyanoacetyl)-3-methyl-1,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octan-6-yl group at position 4. It is a pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is approved for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan. D. A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,acridine orange free base,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_87346 1_1_npnosjyp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GSEAlm'?","A. Models and methods for fitting linear models to gene expression data, together with tools for computing and using various regression diagnostics. B. Functions to computationally simulate the AP-MS technology based on wet-lab data. C. This package provides tools for evaluating cohort distributions of gene expression levels D. Genomic data analyses requires integrated visualization of known genomic information and new experimental data. GenomeGraphs uses the biomaRt package to perform live annotation queries to Ensembl and translates this to e.g. gene/transcript structures in viewports of the grid graphics package. This results in genomic information plotted together with your data. Another strength of GenomeGraphs is to plot different data types such as array CGH, gene expression, sequencing and other data, together in one plot using the same genome coordinate system.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GSEAlm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000171 1_1_4m9yngsf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'S3I-201'?","A. A monohydroxybenzoic acid having the hydroxy group at the 4-position together with a geranyl group at the 3-position. B. An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. C. An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. D. A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,S3I-201,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_91224 1_1_f7ci5661,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy'?","A. A motor neuron disease characterized by severe and progressive myoclonic epilepsy and lower-motor-neuron disease that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ASAH1 gene on chromosome 8p22. B. A spinal muscular atrophy that is associated with the survival of motor neuron protein in childhood and that has_material_basis_in variation in the SMN gene. C. A spinal muscular atrophy characterized by adult-onset of slowly progressive, proximal muscular weakness with fasciculations and absent/hypoactive deep tendon reflexes, without bulbar or pyramidal involvement that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in VAPB on 20q13. D. A spinal muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an X-linked recessive expansion of CAG triplet repeats (glutamine) in exon 1 of AR gene encoding the androgen receptor.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111527 1_1_yxzw3ap5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'school bus monitor'?","A. Maintain order among students on a school bus. Duties include helping students safely board and exit and communicating behavioral problems. May perform pretrip and posttrip inspections and prepare for and assist in emergency evacuations. B. Plan, organize, and conduct long-distance travel, tours, and expeditions for individuals and groups. C. Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing. D. Set up, operate, or tend milling or planing machines to mill, plane, shape, groove, or profile metal or plastic work pieces.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,school bus monitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33909400 1_1_bqxmlmno,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Unspecified chronic bronchitis'?","A. a chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe B. a chronic pulmonary disease that obstructs bloodlflow C. A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis. D. a condition where the bronchial tubes of the lungs are permanently damaged, widened, and thickened",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Unspecified chronic bronchitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000171 1_1_5lerfmdp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'GMP catabolic process to IMP'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,GMP catabolic process to IMP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006201 1_1_0o083zdo,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation'?","A. The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rest stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation. D. The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0014884 1_1_44nt6u86,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'caffeine'?","A. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. B. A trimethylxanthine in which the three methyl groups are located at positions 1, 3, and 7. A purine alkaloid that occurs naturally in tea and coffee. C. A daily tobacco user who engages in tobacco smoking every day. D. A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,caffeine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27732 1_1_mmi2t945,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Annotation'?","A. Assignment, which is used in the definition of attributes for Process, Activities, Events, Gateways, and Gates, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes B. A Process is an activity performed within or across companies or organizations. In BPMN a Process is depicted as a graph of Flow Objects, which are a set of other activities and the controls that sequence them. The concept of process is intrinsically hierarchical. Processes may be defined at any level from enterprise-wide processes to processes performed by a single person. Low-level processes may be grouped together to achieve a common business goal. Note that BPMN defines the term Process fairly specifically and defines a Business Process more generically as a set of activities that are performed within an organization or across organizations. Thus a Business Process, as shown in a Business Process Diagram, may contain more than one separate Process. Each Process may have its own Sub-Processes and would be contained within a Pool (Section B.8.2, on page 260). The individual Processes would be independent in terms of Sequence Flow, but could have Message Flow connecting them. C. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. D. present the attributes common to all Event Details and the specific attributes for the Event Details that have additional attributes. Note that the Cancel and Terminate Event Details do not have additional attributes",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Annotation,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#annotation 1_1_izq4whz5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy'?","A. A corneal dystrophy that affects the corneal endothelium and/or the descemet membrane. B. A corneal endothelial dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLC4A11 gene, which encodes a sodium borate cotransporter, on chromosome 20p13 and is characterized by thickening and opacification of the cornea, altered morphology of the endothelium, and secretion of an abnormal collagenous layer at the Descemet membrane. C. A corneal dystrophy characterized by accumulation of focal outgrowths (guttae) and thickening of Descemet's membrane, leading to corneal edema and loss of vision. D. A corneal endothelial dystrophy that is characterized by congenital ground glass corneal clouding or a diffuse corneal haze, and blurred vision in male patients.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_11555 1_1_whkedeg7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixture'?","A. A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. B. A chemical substance that is an organic compound or mixture of compounds that is composed of long-chain molecules and is malleable at ambient temperatures. C. A racemate is an equimolar mixture of a pair of enantiomers. D. A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,mixture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004 1_1_ujtp9ief,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mammary gland formation'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate derivative. B. The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a serotonin stimulus. D. The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mammary gland formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060592 1_1_9v0v46o3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'retail loss prevention specialist'?","A. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards. B. Implement procedures and systems to prevent merchandise loss. Conduct audits and investigations of employee activity. May assist in developing policies, procedures, and systems for safeguarding assets. C. Set up, operate, or tend machines to mix or blend materials, such as chemicals, tobacco, liquids, color pigments, or explosive ingredients. D. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut or slice materials, such as glass, stone, cork, rubber, tobacco, food, paper, or insulating material.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,retail loss prevention specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33909902 1_1_lay16uzd,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of gluconeogenesis'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lactose biosynthetic process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of gluconeogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006111 1_1_oltsmwpq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric glomerular capillary'?","A. A glomerular capillary that is part of a pronephros. B. The small branching blood vessels in the kidney glomerulus that receives blood from the kidney afferent arterioles; these capillaries are under high pressure for filtering within the glomerulus. C. Missing definition for term UBERON:0006183. Please replace it using linked reference. D. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts[GO].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,metanephric glomerular capillary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005144 1_1_thju4y6k,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal stake'?","A. A sample is a substance role played by a biological substance as an input substance to a protocol. B. A personal attribute that involves an outcome of value to that person arising from a process. C. A product that is used by a person for the purpose of quitting smoking. D. A role that inheres in some material entity and is realized in some act of appraisal.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,personal stake,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000179 1_1_oh8otnsy,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for attention to gastrostomy'?","A. Follow-up examination after other treatment for other conditions B. an occurance that requires attention to a gastrostomy procedure C. Encounter for other specified aftercare D. improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for attention to gastrostomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000532 1_1_gjqfbyyp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of spindle organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G1 to G0 transition. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of astral microtubules.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of spindle organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090224 1_1_13dekhho,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis'?","A. A mitochondrial metabolism disease characterized by a wide range of manifestations including marked and often fatal lactic acidosis, cardiomyopathy, leukoencephalopathy, pure myopathy and hepatopathy with tubulopathy. Among the numerous clinical phenotypes observed are Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and MELAS syndrome. It can have material basis in mutations in multiple different genes, both nuclear-encoded and mitochondrial-encoded. B. A mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by significant reduction in mitochondrial DNA in affected tissues, resulting in impaired mtDNA-encoded protein synthesis and energy production in the affected tissues and organs. C. A mitochondrial metabolism disease characterized by impaired function of one or more of the proteins making up the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III. D. A mitochondrial metabolism disease characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in adult onset of sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and progressive external ophthalmoparesis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in POLG on 15q26.1.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111276 1_1_3vtohgi7,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hippocampal field'?","A. Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]. B. a part or parts of the hippocampus that have a particular function C. Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. D. The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hippocampal field,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003876 1_1_3l131mlz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis cambial zone'?","A. A cambial zone that is part of a shoot axis . B. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and has as parts a cambium and adjacent cells. C. A bud development stage during which a bud participates in a bud dormancy process . D. A cambial zone that is part of a root .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis cambial zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025440 1_1_foxd1tct,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Statute'?","A. A regulation bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legislative body. It cannot bear expressions which are not uttered by a legislative body. B. A legal document is a document bearing norms or normative statements. By virtue of this definition the norm-as-propositional-attitude is reified as norm-as proposition. In other words, the norm being expressed through the legal source is an expression of the propositional attitude. C. a code outlining the responsibilities of or best practice for an individual or organisation, such as a set of principles of good corporate behaviour adopted by a business\ D. A statute bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Statute,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Statute 1_1_3ijbpg05,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Drug-induced aplastic anemia'?","A. A state of bone marrow suppression and failure that is caused by a cytotoxic or adverse immunologic response to a drug treatment, leading to a failure of production of red blood cells, white cells and platelets. B. cancerous tumor of the eye C. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. D. secondary cancerous tumor of the brain and cerebral meninges",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Drug-induced aplastic anemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000149 1_1_d0k60g0g,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac arrest'?","A. A heart disease that is characterized by any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. B. A female reproductive organ cancer that is located_in the vulva. C. A congestive heart failure characterized by a sudden stop in effective blood circulation due to the failure of the heart to contract effectively or at all. D. A congestive heart failure that involves a failure of the right side of the heart and is characterized by an enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased resistance or high blood pressure in the lungs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cardiac arrest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060319 1_1_ptsnk5xq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer's disease'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with mutations in the gene TREM2. B. A tauopathy that is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability and results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. C. A disease of which the patient at this stage suffer from memory loss, impaired ability to think, or making decisions that interferes with doing everyday activities. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with a risk allele in in the PCDH11X gene on chromosome Xq21.3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer's disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10652 1_1_4h6potvf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'outflow part of right atrium'?","A. The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube. B. An outflow tract of atrium that is part of a left atrium. C. Outflow part of atrium which consists of wall and cavity of the outflow part of right atrium and the tricuspid valve.[FMA]. D. An outflow tract that is part of a cardiac atrium.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,outflow part of right atrium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005965 1_1_tub99bvz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mature Vgamma1.1-positive, Vdelta6.3-negative thymocyte'?","A. A Vgamma1.1-positive, Vdelta6.3-negative thymocyte that is CD24-negative. B. A Vgamma1.1-positive, Vdelta6.3-negative thymocyte that is CD24-positive. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a preganglionic parasympathetic fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A preganglionic parasympathetic fiber is a cholinergic axonal fiber projecting from the CNS to a parasympathetic ganglion. D. A gamma-delta receptor that expresses Vgamma1.1 but does not express Vdelta6.3 chains in the T-cell receptor.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"mature Vgamma1.1-positive, Vdelta6.3-negative thymocyte",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002413 1_1_yjzdjtbi,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'furniture finisher'?","A. Repair and refinish automotive vehicle bodies and straighten vehicle frames. B. Shape, finish, and refinish damaged, worn, or used furniture or new high-grade furniture to specified color or finish. C. Perform a variety of tasks during funeral, such as placing casket in parlor or chapel prior to service, arranging floral offerings or lights around casket, directing or escorting mourners, closing casket, and issuing and storing funeral equipment. D. Research rates, routings, or modes of transport for shipment of products. Maintain awareness of regulations affecting the international movement of cargo. Make arrangements for additional services, such as storage or inland transportation.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,furniture finisher,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51702100 1_1_s5e1375w,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, bronchus or lung'?","A. Evans syndrome is an autoimmune disease in which an individual's antibodies attack their own red blood cells and platelets. B. a brain tumor that is currently benign but has characteristics that make it possible for the tumor to become malignant (cancerous) C. Cancer of the endometrium D. Cancerous tumor of a respiratory organ (upper lobe, bronchus, or lung)",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"malignant neoplasm of upper lobe, bronchus or lung",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000466 1_1_k8ialt2n,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unspecified physeal fracture of upper end of unspecified femur, sequela'?","A. A type of permanent damage to muscles and nerves that results from prolonged lack blood flow to those tissues. It is characterized by shortening and stiffening of the muscles. B. disruptions in the cartilaginous physis of long bones that may or may not involve epiphyseal or metaphyseal bone. C. A mental disorder in which a person has trouble telling the difference between real and unreal experiences, thinking logically, and behaving normally in social situations. D. used to specify conditions like chronic kidey disease",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Unspecified physeal fracture of upper end of unspecified femur, sequela",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000137 1_1_rymydlrm,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Agent'?","A. A comic character. B. An object in a comic universe. C. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe. D. A group of comic characters.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Agent,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Agent 1_1_fjra4w8c,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of maiden suckers - counting'?","A. Count how many maiden suckers are in the mat. B. Collect all roots from a standard-size excavation of 20 x 20 x 20 cm extending outwards from the corm of the plant. Take only roots from the selected plant. Divide the collected roots into two categories: dead roots, functional roots. Dead roots are completely rotten or shrivelled whereas functional roots show at least some healthy tissue. Count the number of functional roots. C. Count from 10 g of chopped roots from the tested banana plant sample D. Count how many hands are used to obtain a measurement.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of maiden suckers - counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000222 1_1_87ymp71b,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. B. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904204 1_1_d9dz4wve,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system cell part cluster'?","A. A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO) B. A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. C. A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. D. A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt].",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,central nervous system cell part cluster,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011215 1_1_tz15ec8f,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'telodendria'?","A. An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells and of neuromast cells. These protrusions are supported by a bundle of cross-linked actin filaments (an actin cable), oriented such that the plus (barbed) ends are at the tip of the protrusion, capped by a tip complex which bridges to the plasma. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles. B. Telodendria are projections that originate from the axon pedicle and form gap junctions with other neurons. C. A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of an axonal or dendritic growth cone; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments. D. The portion of an axon or dendrite that is close to the neuronal cell body.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,telodendria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0120208 1_1_ich3f8ka,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse'?","A. Estimate the percentage of leaf area affected by leaf blast B. Estimate the % leaf area diseased in a greenhouse test C. Estimate the tiller angle at the point of kneeing D. Examine the colour of the area just below the apiculus of immature lemmas and estimate the intensity of any purple colour attributable to anthocyanin",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Bacterial blight damage estimation greenhouse,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000348 1_1_te05cnko,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'keto-phenylpyruvate'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of keto-phenylpyruvic acid. B. The anion of 2-oxononanoic acid. C. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,keto-phenylpyruvate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18005 1_1_cbp5ka05,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'inositol phosphodihydroceramide(1-)'?","A. An inositol phosphoceramide(1-) in which the acyl group is not hydroxylated at position 2 and the ceramide base is not hydroxylated at position 4. Major species at pH 7.3. B. A sphingomyelin having sphinganine as the sphingoid component. C. An inositol phosphoceramide(1-) in which a D-myo-inositol residue is linked via a phosphodiester bridge to a C18 dihydroceramide moiety; major species at pH 7.3. D. An inositol phosphodihydroceramide(1-) in which the N-acyl group is specified as octadecanoyl; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,inositol phosphodihydroceramide(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64941 1_1_p5hf2vk2,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes '47,XXY syndrome'?","A. A chromosomal syndrome caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome in the male karyotype. Affected individuals are infertile and have a small penis and testes. They tend to have tall stature and long legs and may have difficulties with speech and language development. Gynecomastia may be present. B. A genetic condition characterized by a sex chromosome aneuploidy, where males have two extra X chromosomes. Males typically have only two sex chromosomes, an X and a Y. The presence of one Y chromosome with a functioning SRY gene causes the expression of genes that determine maleness. Because of this, XXXY syndrome only affects males. The additional two X chromosomes in males with XXXY syndrome causes them to have 48 chromosomes, instead of the typical 46. XXXY syndrome is therefore often referred to as 48,XXXY. There is a wide variety of symptoms associated with this syndrome, including cognitive and behavioral problems, taurodontism, and infertility. This syndrome is usually inherited via a new mutation in one of the parents’ gametes, as those affected by it are usually infertile. It is estimated that XXXY affects one in every 50,000 male births. C. A syndrome which occurs due to a 48,XXY,+21. D. A sex chromosome anomaly in which males have an extra X and Y chromosome. Human cells usually contain two sex chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. Usually, females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The appearance of at least one Y chromosome with a properly functioning SRY gene makes a male. Therefore, humans with XXYY are genotypically male. Males with XXYY syndrome have 48 chromosomes instead of the typical 46. It affects an estimated one in every 18,000–40,000 male births.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,"47,XXY syndrome",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001521 1_1_2sjadnm8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect flight muscle cell'?","A. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition]. B. A myotube that is part of some somatic muscle. Examples include arthropod somatic muscle cells. C. The morphogenetic process in which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis and gives rise to a pouch that will form a semicircular canal. D. A muscle cell that is involved in the mechanism of insect flight. This encompasses both, cells that power flight and cells that control flight.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,insect flight muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000196 1_1_12ofwmzz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to cocaine'?","A. Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. B. Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. C. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus. D. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to cocaine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048148 1_1_uaswc5h5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (human)'?","A. A C-C chemokine receptor type 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human. C. An endoglin that is encoded in the genome of human. D. An integrin alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P32248 1_1_lsr7a0hq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Groat ratio computation - secondary'?","A. Scored based on observance of factors limiting yield. B. Computation of the ethanol-insoluble high molecular weight dietary fiber content, measured on a dry weight basis using wet chemistry. C. Calculate the secondary groat ratio. D. Calculate the primary kernel aspect ratio.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Groat ratio computation - secondary,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000439 1_1_f4tpxl27,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of neodymium in lake water'?","A. The concentration of a sand when measured in soil. B. The concentration of neodymium when measured in lake water. C. The concentration of lanthanum when measured in water ice. D. The concentration of potassium molecular entity when measured in soil.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of neodymium in lake water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200012 1_1_mr8s1him,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + uroporphyrin III = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + precorrin-2. B. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + kaempferol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H+ + kaempferide. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phenol = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + anisole + H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: demethylphylloquinol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = H+ + phylloquinol + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033803 1_1_i7yjbhtb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anus rhabdomyosarcoma'?","A. A rhabdomyosarcoma and sarcoma of bile duct that is located_in the bile duct. B. A rhabdomyosarcoma and sarcoma of the anus that is located_in the anus. C. A skeletal muscle cancer that arise from skeletal muscle progenitors. D. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN].",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,anus rhabdomyosarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4066 1_1_5uwzgyzi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesoscale convective complex'?","A. The night land breeze on Lake Geneva, Switzerland. It blows from the north from 5-7 P.M. until 7-9 A.M. as a poweful breeze. In the late fall and winter it blows almost throughout the day. B. A subset of mesoscale convective systems (MCS) that exhibit a large, circular (as observed by satellite), long-lived, cold cloud shield. Alternatively, a dynamical definition of an MCC requires that the system have a Rossby number of order 1 and exhibit a horizontal scale comparable to the Rossby radius of deformation. In midlatitude MCS environments, the Rossby radius of deformation is about 300 km. C. A cloud system that occurs in connection with an ensemble of thunderstorms and produces a contiguous precipitation area on the order of 100 km or more in horizontal scale in at least one direction. An MCS exhibits deep, moist convective overturning contiguous with or embedded within a mesoscale vertical circulation that is at least partially driven by the convective overturning. D. Montane is a biogeographic term which refers to highland areas located below the subalpine zone.[1] Montane regions generally have cooler temperatures and often have higher rainfall than the adjacent lowland regions, and are frequently home to distinct communities of plants and animals. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mesoscale convective complex,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/MesoscaleConvectiveComplex 1_1_34gkx53s,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pansexual flag'?","A. Flags used by or used to represent members of the lesbian community. B. Flags used by or used to represent members of the pansexual community. C. Flags used by or used to represent members of the asexual community. D. Flags used by or used to represent members of the intersex community.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pansexual flag,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000317 1_1_7x3sy3im,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Attachment of testa - Method'?","A. Recorded for the terminal leaflet of a young, mature leaf in the 6th week after sowing B. Visual assessment of the number of nodule per plant C. Visual observation of the presence of hairs on stems, leaves and pods D. Visual assessment of the testa to the seed",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Attachment of testa - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_340:0000769 1_1_5otkrncu,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis tegument layer'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is a flap-like projection of the coleorhiza , inserted opposite the scutellum . B. A portion of plant tissue consisting of four megaspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. One cell will give rise to a female gametophyte. C. A portion of plant tissue that forms a tough, protective outer layer on a shoot axis and includes as parts a shoot axis hypodermis and a shoot axis epidermis . D. Any portion of plant tissue other than epidermis or vascular tissue .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis tegument layer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025609 1_1_xaundsi1,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical laboratory test'?","A. A measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen and as output a data item that is about a quality of the specimen. B. A sequence of acts of observing and measuring qualities of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation. C. A health care process in which a clinician elicits a description of previous sign and symptoms of disease from a patient or from a third party who is reporting on behalf of the patient. D. A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,clinical laboratory test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000056 1_1_grsuggug,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of peptide hormone processing'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid-beta formation. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pseurotin A biosynthetic process.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of peptide hormone processing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060570 1_1_359n20hs,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Endophenotypes'?","A. A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. B. A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. C. An endophenotype (also known as intermediate phenotype) is a quantitative biological trait that is reliable in reflecting the function of a discrete biological system and is reasonably heritable, and as such is more closely related to the root cause of the disease than the broad clinical phenotype. D. The directed movement of lipids into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Endophenotypes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0027103 1_1_hbt9zzw2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system neuron axonogenesis'?","A. De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, including the terminal branched region. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon, which carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. B. Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region. C. Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells. D. Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,central nervous system neuron axonogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021955 1_1_03ea3u6b,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'indeterminate root nodule senescent zone'?","A. A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. B. A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. C. A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. D. A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,indeterminate root nodule senescent zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000172 1_1_2phqbno5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'class prediction data transformation'?","A. A class prediction objective (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to create a predictor from training data through a machine learning technique. The training data consist of pairs of objects (typically vectors of attributes) and class labels for these objects. The resulting predictor can be used to attach class labels to any valid novel input object. Depending on usage, the prediction can be definite or probabilistic. A classification is learned from the training data and can then be tested on test data. B. A class discovery objective (sometimes called unsupervised classification) is a data transformation objective where the aim is to organize input data (typically vectors of attributes) into classes, where the number of classes and their specifications are not known a priori. Depending on usage, the class assignment can be definite or probabilistic. C. A class prediction data transformation (sometimes called supervised classification) is a data transformation that has objective class prediction. D. A decision tree building data transformation is a data transformation that has objective decision tree induction.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,class prediction data transformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000663 1_1_4e3h9mmi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'hill'?","A. A landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land, including physical elements such as landforms, living elements of flora and fauna, abstract elements such as lighting and weather conditions, and human elements, for instance human activity or the built environment. Landscape may also signify the objects around one in a building. B. Field (agriculture), an area of land used to cultivate crops, or to keep livestock [Wikipedia] C. A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill). A hillock is a small hill. [Wikipedia] D. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,hill,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandOrographic/Hill 1_1_3clnr7qr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male adolescent'?","A. Someone with a male gender identity who is attracted to those with male gender identities. B. A gay person who uses she/her pronouns. Typically such a person will identify as a man or as man-aligned, but not always. C. An adolescent man who is gay. D. Gay men organized primarily by their age and/or age group.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male adolescent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001469 1_1_b8lnnksk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid'?","A. A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a carboxy group at position 5. It is a natural product isolated from several plant species. It is a selective mechanism-based inactivator of the trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase enzyme and exhibits antifungal and skin wound healing properties. B. A flavin mononucleotide that is FMN in which the 8-methyl group has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid. C. A benzothiadiazole that is acibenzolar-S-methyl in which the thioester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid group. The active herbicide of the proherbicide acibenzolar-S-methyl. D. A member of the class of thiophenes that is thiophene substituted by a carbonyl-L-arginine and (2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-4-sulfonyl)amino groups at positions 2 and 3. It is an inhibitor of the neuropilin-1 and VEGF-A interaction and a potential anti-cancer agent.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141405 1_1_ggi38yh1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'BlueFuse'?","A. RNA-SeQC is a java program which computes a series of quality control metrics for RNA-seq data. The input can be one or more BAM files. The output consists of HTML reports and tab delimited files of metrics data. This program can be valuable for comparing sequencing quality across different samples or experiments to evaluate different experimental parameters. It can also be run on individual samples as a means of quality control before continuing with downstream analysis. B. SupernovoTM is a unique, hands-free solution for end-to-end de novo sequencing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), enabling high throughput protein discovery. C. BlueFuse for Microarrays is a powerful software solution for the analysis of microarray expression and arrayCGH experiments. Operation is simple and fully automated, saving time, removing operator error and subjectivity and ensuring experimental reproducibility. D. GraphPad Prism is a commercial scientific 2D graphing and statistics software available for both Windows and Macintosh computers.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,BlueFuse,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100049 1_1_tvu5sj0g,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'valence'?","A. A valence that is pleasant, positive or good. B. Valence is a process profile of an emotion, mood, or affective bodily feeling (such as pleasure and pain). Valence can be positive or negative, with different strengths in both directions. For example, pleasure is positively valenced while pain is negatively valenced. C. Consciousness is an inseparable part of some mental processes. It is that part of the mental process that: a) confers a subjective perspective, a phenomenology, an experience of the mental process of which it is a part; and b) intends the object or event that the mental process is about, should such exist; i.e., it confers intentionality on the mental process. D. A valence that is negative, unpleasant or bad.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,valence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000194 1_1_3i4yck83,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mechanical door repairer'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend heating equipment, such as heat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuum equipment to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or plastic objects. B. Install, service, or repair automatic door mechanisms and hydraulic doors. Includes garage door mechanics. C. Operate or tend furnaces, such as gas, oil, coal, electric-arc or electric induction, open-hearth, or oxygen furnaces, to melt and refine metal before casting or to produce specified types of steel. D. Conduct screening of passengers, baggage, or cargo to ensure compliance with Transportation Security Administration (TSA) regulations. May operate basic security equipment such as x-ray machines and hand wands at screening checkpoints.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,mechanical door repairer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49901100 1_1_vrmwk8ky,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multi-limb segment region'?","A. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. B. The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. C. A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). D. An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,multi-limb segment region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006058 1_1_09tgcw0l,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nephrotic syndrome type 12'?","A. A nephrotic syndrome that has_material_basis_in genetic mutations. B. A familial nephrotic syndrome characterized by steroid-resistant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema with onset in the first or second decade of life that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the COQ8B gene on chromosome 19q13. C. A familial nephrotic syndrome characterized by early childhood onset of steroid-resistant progressive renal failure with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NUP93 gene on chromosome 16q13. D. A familial nephrotic syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PTPRO gene on chromosome 12p12.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,nephrotic syndrome type 12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080387 1_1_ouomb3yr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual glossary'?","A. A glossary of terms related to transgender people and/or transgender culture. B. A glossary of terms related to lesbian people and/or lesbian culture. C. A glossary of terms related to gay men and/or gay male culture. D. A glossary of terms related to bisexuality and/or bisexual culture.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexual glossary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004487 1_1_0pc6uup8,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Complex Gateway'?","A. Base element B. Complex Gateway C. Supporting Element is one of two main elements that are of type BPMN Element (see Figure B.1). The other is Graphical Element. There are 16 types, and a few subtypes, of Support Element. These are: These are: Assignments (see Section B.11.3 on page 269), Categories (see Section B.11.4 on page 269), Entities (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Event Details (see Section B.11.7 on page 270), Expressions (see Section B.11.8 on page 273), Gates (see Section B.11.9 on page 274), Inputs (see Section B.11.10 on page 274), Messages (see Section B.11.11 on page 275), Outputs (see Section B.11.13 on page 275), Participants (see Section B.11.14 on page 276), Processes (see Section B.3 on page 242), Properties (see Section B.11.15 on page 276), Roles (see Section B.11.16 on page 276), Conditions (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Transactions (see Section B.11.19 on page 277), and Web Services (see Section B.11.20 on page 277). D. Icons within the diamond shape will indicate the type of flow control behavior. The types of control include: 1. exclusive -- exclusive decision and merging. Both Data-Based and Event-Based. Data-Based can be shown with or without the ""X"" marker. 2. esclusive -- inclusive decision and merging 3. complex -- complex conditions and situations (e.g., 3 out of 5) 4. parallel -- forking and joining Each type of control affects both the incoming and outgoing Flow.",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Complex Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#complex_gateway 1_1_wo4hi2ml,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'prolactin (mouse)'?","A. A prolactin that is encoded in the genome of mouse. B. A CD33 molecule that is encoded in the genome of mouse. C. A syndecan-1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. D. A forkhead box protein N1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,prolactin (mouse),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P06879 1_1_e252acv1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Commonwealth of Puerto Rico'?","A. A semi-autonomous territory composed of an archipelago in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands, approximately 2,000 km off the coast of Florida (the nearest of the mainland United States). B. The continent and country between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean, south of Asia. C. A country in eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, south of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia. D. A country in western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, and located between Chile and Ecuador.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00006935 1_1_kllmgswb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'queer person'?","A. A person who identifies as queer in terms of gender identity and/or sexual orientation. B. A person whose gender identity does not match their gender assigned at birth or a person who otherwise identifies as transgender. C. LGBTQIA+ persons who are victims of sexual abuse. D. Sex workers who are LGBTQIA+.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,queer person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001781 1_1_q7e6ybkl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tutor'?","A. Conduct electroneurodiagnostic (END) tests such as electroencephalograms, evoked potentials, polysomnograms, or electronystagmograms. May perform nerve conduction studies. B. Design clothing and accessories. Create original designs or adapt fashion trends. C. Instruct individual students or small groups of students in academic subjects to support formal class instruction or to prepare students for standardized or admissions tests. D. Assist occupational therapists in providing occupational therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with state laws, assist in development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, direct activity programs, and document the progress of treatments. Generally requires formal training.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,tutor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25304100 1_1_y17typqb,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MANOR'?","A. We propose importation, normalization, visualization, and quality control functions to correct identified sources of variability in array-CGH experiments. B. Package for noise-robust soft clustering of gene expression time-series data (including a graphical user interface) C. EBImage is an R package which provides general purpose functionality for the reading, writing, processing and analysis of images. Furthermore, in the context of microscopy based cellular assays, EBImage offers tools to transform the images, segment cells and extract quantitative cellular descriptors. D. The bioDist package contains some distance functions that have been shown to be useful in a number of dierent biological or bioinformatic problems. The return values are typically instances of the S3 class dist.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MANOR,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000269 1_1_uxj2taq6,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot-borne root'?","A. A root that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots or shoot-borne roots on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber . B. A shoot-borne root that arises from a shoot axis internode . C. A root that develops from shoot axis tissue. D. A plant axis that lacks shoot axis nodes and usually grows indeterminately.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot-borne root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000042 1_1_5zjy2vem,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'ArrayVision'?","A. The background intensity data from the spot quantification programs may be used to correct spot intensity. This software measures background globally as: BGLow (low background), BGAvg (Average background), BGRms (root mean square background). B. DAVID (the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) is a free online bioinformatics resource developed by the Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics (LIB). All tools in the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources aim to provide functional interpretation of large lists of genes derived from genomic studies, e.g. microarray and proteomics studies. C. This software implements a robust algorithm for spot finding and quantitation, quality metrics, and use of pre-made protocols ensure accuracy and reproducibility. Choices for background correction, normalization, and ratio calculation between arrays provides flexibility.Wizard guides simplify operation.Automatic batch processing increases throughput and saves time.Data easily exported to Microsoft™ Excel or database programs for flexibility in reporting. D. Slides are scanned using CodeLink Expression Scanning Software",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,ArrayVision,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000042 1_1_mf3hak7w,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette and cigarette dual user'?","A. A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use. B. A person who engages in e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. C. A person who does not suffer from opioid use disorder but who, by virtue of his or her personal qualities or environment, has an elevated probability of developing opioid use disorder in the future. D. A person who has never smoked tobacco.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette and cigarette dual user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000374 1_1_8o4okfuv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'volcanic activity'?","A. An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia] B. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] C. The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] D. A geophysical phenomena involving the extrusion of rock that tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,volcanic activity,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolVolcano/VolcanicActivity 1_1_osjpwryl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affycomp'?","A. Stepwise normalization functions for cDNA microarray data. B. altcdfenvs is a software package for alternative CDF environments (aka probeset mappings) and contains convenience data structures and functions to handle cdfenvs. C. The affycomp package contains functions that can be used to compare expression measures for Affymetrix Oligonucleotide Arrays. D. EBImage is an R package which provides general purpose functionality for the reading, writing, processing and analysis of images. Furthermore, in the context of microscopy based cellular assays, EBImage offers tools to transform the images, segment cells and extract quantitative cellular descriptors.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affycomp,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100069 1_1_6whgchf3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'brachycyte'?","A. A native plant cell that develops from a cell in a protonema and has a thick cell wall. B. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of phloem tissue , has sieve areas in its walls, and lacks a nucleus in its mature protoplast. C. A native plant cell that is the larger cell of a microgametophyte in seed plants. It does not divide further and develops into a pollen tube cell . D. A native plant cell that divides to gives rise to a sporocyte and is part of a sporangium .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,brachycyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030058 1_1_4gjnc99o,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypothyroidism'?","A. A broad grouping of diseases based on major body subdivisions. B. A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. C. A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. D. A thyroid gland disease which involves an underproduction of thyroid hormone.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hypothyroidism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1459 1_1_a57h8k0n,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'community health worker'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate transportation, storage, or distribution activities in accordance with organizational policies and applicable government laws or regulations. Includes logistics managers. B. Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. Serve as liaison between business and technical aspects of projects. Plan project stages and assess business implications for each stage. Monitor progress to assure deadlines, standards, and cost targets are met. C. Promote health within a community by assisting individuals to adopt healthy behaviors. Serve as an advocate for the health needs of individuals by assisting community residents in effectively communicating with healthcare providers or social service agencies. Act as liaison or advocate and implement programs that promote, maintain, and improve individual and overall community health. May deliver health-related preventive services such as blood pressure, glaucoma, and hearing screenings. May collect data to help identify community health needs. D. Design or implement programs and strategies related to water resource issues such as supply, quality, and regulatory compliance issues.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,community health worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21109400 1_1_xexx7qdp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid gland'?","A. A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. B. An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO]. C. Anatomical structure that is part of the respiratory system. In mammals consists of upper and lower tracts D. A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO].",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,thyroid gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002046 1_1_wm4jhdhs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'degendering'?","A. A specific form of misgendering in which an individual has their gender ignored or voided, usually in a dehumanizing way, such as referring to a trans woman who uses she/her pronouns with pronouns such as it and singular they. B. To misgender someone without necessarily the explicit intent to do so, usually as the result of an accident. C. To misgender someone with the explicit intent to do so, usually as a purposeful expression of transphobia. D. To refer to a person using terms that express the wrong gender, either accidentally or deliberately; for example by calling a woman ""son"", a boy ""she"", or an agender individual ""he"" or ""she"" instead of ""they"" (or whatever other pronouns they prefer).",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,degendering,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011479 1_1_z4hrk9p2,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'SiemensPerMeter'?","A. The volt is defined as the value of the voltage across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power in the conductor.[2] It can be written in terms of SI base units as: m2 · kg · s−3 · A−1. It is also equal to one joule of energy per coulomb of charge, J/C. B. A unit of concentration used for liquid-liquid solutions or for mixtures of gasses and of gasses and liquids. C. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). ""siemens"" is used for both singular and plural. D. Unit of concentration often used for gasses (e.g., oxygen, or O2) because it is related to solubility measurements.",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,SiemensPerMeter,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#SiemensPerMeter 1_1_2d87uaxh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'superficial inguinal ring'?","A. An inguinal ring that is part of a male reproductive system. B. An entrance or exit of the inguinal canal. C. The entrance to the inguinal canal. D. The exit of the inguinal canal.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,superficial inguinal ring,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013717 1_1_vjh1dv3j,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified'?","A. Pharyngitis, or acute pharyngitis, is an inflammation of the back of the throat, otherwise known as the pharynx. The condition generally causes pain and a sensation of scratchiness in the region of the throat, as well as difficulty swallowing. The condition is typically referred to as a sore throat. B. An acute URI is a contagious infection of your upper respiratory tract. Your upper respiratory tract includes the nose, throat, pharynx, larynx, and bronchi. C. upper respiratory system is infected and parts will become inflamed or damaged. D. A condition in which the cavities around the nasal passages become inflamed.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"acute upper respiratory infection, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000175 1_1_ywtg3mqf,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'phospatidylinositol signalling'?","A. An internal signaling process in response to extracellular signals through which phosphatidylinositols undergo rapid turnover and generate second messengers including diacylglycerol, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns 3,4P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. B. a signaling process that is initiated through binding and activation of its cell-surface receptor and initiates a cascade of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events, second-messenger generation, and protein-protein interactions that result in diverse metabolic events in almost every tissue C. A signaling process through which neurotrophins modulate long-term potentiation, dendritic complexity and axon branching, processes that promote synaptic efficacy and thus learning and memory. D. The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,phospatidylinositol signalling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000094 1_1_517md3sj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'stem cell of gastric gland'?","A. A stem cell that can give rise to multiple lineages of cells. B. An epithelial cell of the stomach. This cell produces mucous. C. A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. D. A stem cell that can give rise to the cells of the liver. The term usually refers to the self-renewing pool of hepatocyte precursors in the adult liver (differently from 'hepatoblast', often used for fetal precursors of hepatocytes).",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,stem cell of gastric gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002183 1_1_1x0lmtep,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'layer of dentate gyrus'?","A. One of the three layers of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. B. A group of axons linking two or more neuropils and having a common origin, termination[FBbt]. C. A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. D. A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO)",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,layer of dentate gyrus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002304 1_1_8h54i4te,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'right colic vein'?","A. A tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that drains the jejunum. B. The veins that drain blood from the ileum into the superior mesenteric vein. C. A portal vein that transports nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver[Kardong]. D. A portal vein that drains the ascending colon. It is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, and travels with its corresponding artery, the right colic artery.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,right colic vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8410018 1_1_9ukljmnh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'film or video editor'?","A. Apply knowledge of engineering, biology, chemistry, computer science, and biomechanical principles to the design, development, and evaluation of biological, agricultural, and health systems and products, such as artificial organs, prostheses, instrumentation, medical information systems, and health management and care delivery systems. B. Edit moving images on film, video, or other media. May work with a producer or director to organize images for final production. May edit or synchronize soundtracks with images. C. Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes. D. Monitor and evaluate compliance with equal opportunity laws, guidelines, and policies to ensure that employment practices and contracting arrangements give equal opportunity without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,film or video editor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27403200 1_1_qzalu40m,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by global developmental delay and onset in the first months of life of tonic seizures or infantile spasms that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SPTAN1 gene on chromosome 9q34. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first weeks or months of life of intractable seizures and very poor psychomotor development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GNAO1 gene on chromosome 16q13. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months of life by intractable seizures and severely impaired psychomotor development that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NECAP1 gene on chromosome 12p13. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in infancy of refactory seizures, severely impaired global development, intellectual disability, and behavioral abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the HCN1 gene on chromosome 5p12.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080438 1_1_xxmy4ol1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily cannabis smoker'?","A. A daily cannabis user who smokers cannabis daily. B. A cannabis user who users medicinal cannabis. C. A cannabis user who smokes cannabis. D. A substance user who uses cannabis.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily cannabis smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000799 1_1_2co2y63l,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 5'?","A. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the basal inferior and the basal anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the basal anteroseptal and the basal inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the basal inferoseptal and the basal anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musclte tissue, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the basal anteroseptal and the basal anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 5,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86057 1_1_z2m8iaye,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Molality'?","A. Molality amount of substance of solute B in a solution divided by the mass of the solvent: Often favored because measurements of mass are more precise than measurements of volume. B. Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. It describes the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2). C. The number of photons striking an area per unit time. This could be probably also be called a PhotonArealDensityRate. D. A measured characteristic of an entity is one that is measurable within the physical world. A measured characteristic includes primary and derived physical dimensions (e.g., length, mass, area, density). The measured value assigned to a measured characteristic may be a quantity (a numerical value) or a quality (a category), including both nominal and ordinal categories.",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Molality,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-characteristics.owl#Molality 1_1_tfq1wr21,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'supply chain manager'?","A. Coordinate activities of technical departments, such as taping, editing, engineering, and maintenance, to produce radio or television programs. B. Conduct subsurface surveys to identify the characteristics of potential land or mining development sites. May specify the ground support systems, processes, and equipment for safe, economical, and environmentally sound extraction or underground construction activities. May inspect areas for unsafe geological conditions, equipment, and working conditions. May design, implement, and coordinate mine safety programs. C. Direct an organization's security functions, including physical security and safety of employees and facilities. D. Direct or coordinate production, purchasing, warehousing, distribution, or financial forecasting services or activities to limit costs and improve accuracy, customer service, or safety. Examine existing procedures or opportunities for streamlining activities to meet product distribution needs. Direct the movement, storage, or processing of inventory.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,supply chain manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11307104 1_1_r5b07sug,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'industrial fire'?","A. A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. B. A fire which occurs in an industrial area or building. C. A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. D. A fire which is planned and executed deliberately under human supervision.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,industrial fire,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001287 1_1_eq6qyvfv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'class switched memory B cell'?","A. An unswitched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has the phenotype IgM-positive, IgD-positive, CD27-positive, CD138-negative, IgG-negative, IgE-negative, and IgA-negative. B. A memory B cell is a mature B cell that is long-lived, readily activated upon re-encounter of its antigenic determinant, and has been selected for expression of higher affinity immunoglobulin. This cell type has the phenotype CD19-positive, CD20-positive, MHC Class II-positive, and CD138-negative. C. A class switched memory B cell that expresses IgE on the cell surface. D. A class switched memory B cell is a memory B cell that has undergone Ig class switching and therefore is IgM-negative on the cell surface. These cells are CD27-positive and have either IgG, IgE, or IgA on the cell surface.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,class switched memory B cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000972 1_1_636trnth,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gene Pix'?","A. Image analysis software B. COBRA (COnstraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis Toolbox) includes implementations of many of the commonly used forms of constraint-based analysis such as FBA, gene deletions, flux variability analysis, sampling, and batch simulations together with tools to read in and manipulate constraint-based models. C. GenePix is the industry standard microarray image analysis software because of its unique combination of imaging and analysis tools, visualizations, automation capabilities, performance and ease of use. D. Sequence Alignment and Modeling System, a collection of flexible software tools for creating, refining, and using linear hidden Markov models for biological sequence analysis.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Gene Pix,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000176 1_1_9vbw0ytd,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultured zygote-derived plant embryo'?","A. A somatic plant embryo grown and maintained in vitro. B. A plant embryo that forms as a result of the fusion of gametes. C. A zygotic plant embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro. D. A plant embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,cultured zygote-derived plant embryo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025304 1_1_qyk0vpwq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'triple junction'?","A. The core-mantle boundary. This discontinuity is due to the differences between the acoustic impedances of the solid mantle and the molten outer core. P-wave velocities are much slower in the outer core than in the deep mantle while S-waves do not exist at all in the liquid portion of the core. Corresponds to top of D``. [Wikipedia] B. The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. it is often a broad zone where the plate interactions are not well understood. [Wikipedia] C. Stress regimes are shear zones. A shear zone or shear is a wide zone of distributed shearing in rock. Typically this is a type of fault but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form zones of much more intense foliation, deformation, and folding. [Wikipedia] D. The Galapagos Triple Junction is a geological area in the eastern Pacific Ocean several hundred miles west of the Galapagos Islands where three tectonic plates - the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate - meet. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,triple junction,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/TripleJunction 1_1_kywbplmq,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Concession contract'?","A. Class describing the contracts where the contracting authority participates concurrently with the natural or legal person. B. Class of the contracts in which the awarded tenderer manage the public service themselves. C. Class describing the contract concerts with natural or legal person performing similar services at the public service in question. D. Class describing contracts whose operation results are shared among the contracting authority and the tenderer.",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Concession contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#ConcessionContract 1_1_fvriw1i3,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chromatography - glycoalkaloid dry weight'?","A. Measure the total phenolic concentration is determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with masa spectrometry and record it B. Measure the Rubidium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it C. Measure the glycoalkaloid concentration is determined by HPLC or UPLC and record it D. Measure the Uranium concentration is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry using a Radial View and record it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Chromatography - glycoalkaloid dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000536 1_1_l69n0n4w,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'acinus of sebaceous gland'?","A. Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. B. One of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter.[FMA]. C. An acinus that is part of a sebaceous gland. D. The part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet. It is the main component of the cochlear apex. The hair cells in this area best detect low frequency sounds.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,acinus of sebaceous gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011846 1_1_oennq256,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'labial commissure'?","A. Anatomical structure consisting of either corner of the mouth. B. A raised fleshy area on the palm of the hand near the base of the thumb. C. The fleshy throat region of a fish which extends forward from the ventral part of the chest and narrows anteriorly, and externally separating the two gill chambers; that narrowed portion of the breast which lies between the gill chambers and separates them. D. Subdivision of the head consisting of the pointed or rounded end or extremity of the snout.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,labial commissure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1000011 1_1_wbv0rhe1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexology research institute'?","A. An medical research institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership. B. The intersection between fascism and Christianity and it also encompasses the fascistic, totalitarian, and imperialistic aspects of the Christian Church. It is sometimes referred to as ""Christofascism"", a neologism coined by liberation theologist Dorothee Sölle in 1970. C. An sexological research institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership. D. An research institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexology research institute,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004558 1_1_0ax3gyhp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chinese'?","A. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Japan. B. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of China. C. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Samoa. D. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Vietnam.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Chinese,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000139 1_1_55jrbrll,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'quiescent center'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that forms the cortex. B. A portion of meristem tissue beneath a meristem L2 layer in a shoot apical meristem which gives rise to internal tissues of leaf and stem. C. A meristem forming the core of the axis composed of the primary vascular tissues and associated ground tissue, such as pith and interfascicular regions. D. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a root apical meristem and consists of mitotically and metabolically inactive cells and is located behind the protoderm of the root .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,quiescent center,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020149 1_1_jz2ngdqq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate + isocaproyl-CoA = (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA + isocaproate. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 5-hydroxypentanoate + acetyl-CoA = 5-hydroxy-pentanoyl-CoA + acetate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + propionyl-CoA = succinyl-CoA + propionate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: acetyl-CoA + oxalate = acetate + oxalyl-CoA.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,5-hydroxypentanoate CoA-transferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047591 1_1_t0yfsa6d,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nursing instructor or teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants. B. Demonstrate and teach patient care in classroom and clinical units to nursing students. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Diagnose and coordinate all aspects of the birthing process, either independently or as part of a healthcare team. May provide well-woman gynecological care. Must have specialized, graduate nursing education. D. Teach courses pertaining to education, such as counseling, curriculum, guidance, instruction, teacher education, and teaching English as a second language. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"nursing instructor or teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25107200 1_1_xfu52a7x,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anishinaabe'?","A. The autonym for a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples in what are now Canada and the United States. These include the Odawa, Saulteaux, Ojibwe (including Mississaugas), Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and Algonquin peoples. The Anishinaabe speak Anishinaabemowin, or Anishinaabe languages that belong to the Algonquian language family. They historically lived in the Northeast Woodlands and Subarctic. B. An Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Their communities are mostly in coastal British Columbia and far southern Alaska, around Terrace and Prince Rupert in British Columbia, and Alaska's Annette Islands. The Tsimshian people consist of approximately 10,000 members of seven First Nations (including the Kitselas, Kitsumkalum, and the ""Allied Tribes"" of the Lax Kw'Alaams; the Metlakatla, Kitkatla, Gitga'at at Hartley Bay, and Kitasoo at Klemtu). C. An Anishinaabe people of Canada and the northern Midwestern United States. They are one of the most numerous Indigenous peoples north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. In the United States, they have the fifth-largest population among Native American peoples, surpassed in number only by the Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw and Sioux. D. Native American people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. They consisted of several independent seasonal nomadic groups who shared the same language and much of the same culture. The tribe included the groups called the Cujanes, Cocos, Guapites (Coapites), and Copanes.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Anishinaabe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005369 1_1_rvh1rqnv,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'neutrophil'?","A. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. B. A fully differentiated neutrophil, a granular leukocyte having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. They are produced in bone marrow at a rate of 5e10-10e10/day and have a half-life of 6-8 hours. Neutrophils are CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD32-positive, CD43-positive, CD181-positive, and CD182-positive. C. Any of the immature forms of a neutrophil in which neutrophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. D. Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has an irregularly shaped, pale-staining nucleus that is partially constricted into two lobes, and with cytoplasm that contains coarse, bluish-black granules of variable size. Basophils contain vasoactive amines such as histamine and serotonin, which are released on appropriate stimulation. A basophil is CD123-positive, CD193-positive, CD203c-positive, and FceRIa-positive.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,neutrophil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000775 1_1_4ewqj8sv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Notch signaling pathway'?","A. A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. B. An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain an additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K. The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinase in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. C. Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via calcium ions. D. A pathway is a set of inter-connected reactions and interactions whose delineation and scope are used as a model for exploring and studying, describing and understanding the working of and relationships between biomolecules within a context.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Notch signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007219 1_1_mmxnj5f6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tympanohyal'?","A. Subdivision of skull which forms inferior base region of neurocranium. B. Zone of petrous part of temporal bone, each instance of which is a thin lamella of bone that divides some musculotubal canal into semicanals for some tensor tympani muslce and some auditory tube. C. Organ region, each instance of which is a regional part of the styloid process of some temporal bone. D. Zone of petrous part of temporal bone, each instance of which is a region in the petrous portion of some temporal bone, where within its cavity are contained some membranous labyrinth, vestibular aqueduct, and cochlear aqueduct; it consists of instances of the vestibule, the semicircular canals, and the cochlea.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Tympanohyal,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma56469 1_1_uf7v6vdl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry snuff'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which pyrolysed (burned and decomposed) tobacco leaves are mixed with ash of tendu leaves to form a fine powder. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of dried tobacco leaves, ash, cottonseed or sesame oil, water and sometimes gum which are rolled into balls. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which tobacco is processed into dry fine powder.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dry snuff,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000974 1_1_l6ykkh0n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Low insertion of columella'?","A. Insertion of the posterior columella below the nasal base. B. A structural abnormality of the columella. C. Increased width of the columella. D. Reduced distance from the anterior border of the naris to the subnasale.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Low insertion of columella,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010763 1_1_550ryweu,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Role'?","A. A creative role in the production of a comic work. B. A type of page appearing in a comic document. C. A grade assigned to a comic item that represents a summary of its condition. D. An edition of a comic issue.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Role,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Role 1_1_xu95bq4h,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'NAD(+)'?","A. The reduced form of NADP+; used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent. B. A phosphinate ester-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. It is used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. A pro-drug, it is hydrolysed in vivo to the corresponding phosphininc acid, fosinoprilat, which is the active metabolite. C. A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. D. The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide found in all living cells. In metabolism, NAD(+) is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,NAD(+),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15846 1_1_w8o4eu98,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pore complex'?","A. A protein complex providing a discrete opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids. B. A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow. C. Any protein complex that is part of the plasma membrane. D. Any protein complex that is part of a membrane.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,pore complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046930 1_1_neqa9mg7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ramus nasalis lateralis'?","A. Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). B. Zone of bone organ that is the ventral extension of the posttemporal. C. Ramule of ophthalmic nerve (see also ramus nasalis medialis). The first branch of ophthalmic nerve gives rise to two ramules that border the naris and innervate the surrounding tissue. D. A central point or region on the anterior or posterior surface of the lens.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ramus nasalis lateralis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010652 1_1_1cid4c9y,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'APOE genotype test'?","A. Any method that uses a visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. B. Material anatomical entity which is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genes that guide its morphogenesis; has inherent 3D shape; its parts are connected and spatially related to one another in patterns determined by coordinated gene expression. Examples: heart, right ventricle, mitral valve, myocardium, endothelium, lymphocyte, fibroblast, thorax, cardiovascular system, hemoglobin, T cell receptor. C. A technique used to determine the specific apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes in patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia D. A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,APOE genotype test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ADO_0000071 1_1_owgdnikf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'terrestrial radiation'?","A. Longwave radiation originating by thermal emission from a planetary surface and/or its atmosphere B. In popular terminology, any sudden and heavy fall of rain, almost always of the shower type. C. In volcanology, particles that came out of a volcanic vent, traveled through the air or under water, and fell back on the ground surface or on the ocean floor. [Wikipedia] D. A fault along which strike-slip deformation is accompanied by a component of extension transverse to the fault.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,terrestrial radiation,http://sweetontology.net/propEnergyFlux/TerrestrialRadiation 1_1_zqr7cok4,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'betamethasone sodium phosphate'?","A. An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3-hydroxy-4-({2-sulfo-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl)naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid. B. An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate. C. An organic sodium salt of cefminox. D. A 3-oxo steroid that is cortisone in which the double bond between positions 4 and 5 has been reduced to a single bond.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,betamethasone sodium phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3078 1_1_09z1ffqn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'monsoon surge'?","A. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. B. The temporary extension of deep monsoon flow into a region not normally dominated by persistent monsoon flow. This temporary extension or surge may last from a few days to three weeks. These surges most commonly occur eastward across the Philippine Sea into the western North Pacific and east of Australia into the western South Pacific. The establishment of a reverse-oriented monsoon trough is accompanied by an eastward surge in the monsoon flow. Monsoon surges are often precursors to the development of tropical cyclones. C. A local dry wind in the northern plains of Java, resembling the foehn. It is caused by a wind crossing the mountains near the south coast and pushing between the volcanoes. D. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,monsoon surge,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MonsoonSurge 1_1_ga5snqjg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'OBSOLETE accessory transfusion tissue'?","A. A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a root tip. B. The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the leaf or leaf like organs. C. OBSOLETE. The accessory tissue extending laterally into the mesophyll rather than remaining associated with the vascular bundles. D. A ground tissue cell that is part of a portion of pericycle.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,OBSOLETE accessory transfusion tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006086 1_1_xnzgnvje,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabidiol'?","A. An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position. B. A cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. C. A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. D. Any benzenediol in which the two hydroxy groups are meta to one another.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabidiol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69478 1_1_vfnlzu3n,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'substance abuse or behavioral disorder counselor'?","A. Diagnose and treat disorders requiring physiotherapy to provide physical, mental, and occupational rehabilitation. B. Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs. C. Teach courses pertaining to mathematical concepts, statistics, and actuarial science and to the application of original and standardized mathematical techniques in solving specific problems and situations. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as recorded in sources, such as government and institutional records, newspapers and other periodicals, photographs, interviews, films, electronic media, and unpublished manuscripts, such as personal diaries and letters.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,substance abuse or behavioral disorder counselor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21101100 1_1_eb0zh6m0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA'?","A. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxycarboxylic acid. B. An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any fatty acid. C. A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any 3-hydroxy fatty acid. D. A fatty-acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of any hydroxy fatty acid.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61902 1_1_3ttlj9ze,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CRG Expresso Web Tool'?","A. Aligns protein sequences using structural information by accessing the 3DCoffee/Expresso mode of the underlying TCoffee software. B. Performs an alignment of DNA, RNA or Proteins with the standard TCoffee mode. C. Aligns RNA sequences using predicted secondary structures by accessing the RCoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software. D. Aligns DNA, RNA or Proteins by combining the output of popular aligners and by accessing the MCoffee mode of the underlying TCoffee software.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CRG Expresso Web Tool,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000070 1_1_uhk9kkt4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex'?","A. An intratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic neuron with a soma found in cortical layer 2/3 of the primary motor cortex. B. The supporting bundles of muscular fibers lining the walls of the atria[MP]. C. A transcriptomically distinct intratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic neuron with a soma found between cortical layer 2-4. This intratelencephalic-projecting glutamatergic neuron has thin-tufted apical dendrites and extends its axonal projection into L5 in the neocortex. This neuronal type has a hyperpolarised resting membrane potential. The standard transcriptomic reference data for this cell type can be found on the CellxGene census under the collection: 'Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organization', dataset: 'Supercluster: IT-projecting excitatory neurons', Author Categories: 'CrossArea_subclass', clusters L2/3 IT. D. A mesothelial cell that is part of the epicardium.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023047 1_1_elen4g5w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Diminished glomerular basement membrane collagen IV alpha 3 chain staining'?","A. Abnormal reduction in the amount of the alpha 4 chain of collagen IV in the basement membrane of the glomeruli of the kidney. B. Amyloid spicules are projections of typically silver-positive material from the outer aspect of the glomerular capillary wall, perpendicular to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), most often caused by amyloidosis with the latter confirmed by additional stains. C. Lucent zones within the glomerular basement membranes. May reflect remote/resolved deposits. D. Abnormal reduction in the amount of the alpha 3 chain of collagen IV in the basement membrane of the glomeruli of the kidney.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Diminished glomerular basement membrane collagen IV alpha 3 chain staining,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6001027 1_1_b57f0007,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'isopentenyl diphosphate'?","A. The oxidised form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide found in all living cells. In metabolism, NAD(+) is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. B. A derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at three unspecified positions. C. Any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylcholine. D. A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,isopentenyl diphosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16584 1_1_ttyfm8g6,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wide Range Achievement Test, 3rd Edition'?","A. Measures basic skills in reading, arithmetic, and spelling. It is a screening test that can be administered to determine if a more comprehensive achievement test is needed. B. A standardized rating scale developed by Ziad Nasreddine in 1996 to screen for mild cognitive dysfunction and impairment. This instrument assesses the following cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. C. A standardized rating scale originally developed by Chouinard et al in 1980, which is used to measure drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) or 4 types of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD): parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia. The questionnaire contains 28 questions and generates 4 subscales and 4 clinical global impression severity (CGI-S) scales. D. Any evaluation or assessment tool used to ascertain a patient's condition or diagnosis.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,"Wide Range Achievement Test, 3rd Edition",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C62716 1_1_6fgwlhbc,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'inferior thyroid vein'?","A. The inferior thyroid veins two, frequently three or four, in number, arise in the venous plexus on the thyroid gland, communicating with the middle and superior thyroid veins. They form a plexus in front of the trachea, behind the Sternothyreoidei. From this plexus, a left vein descends and joins the left innominate trunk, and a right vein passes obliquely downward and to the right across the innominate artery to open into the right innominate vein, just at its junction with the superior vena cava; sometimes the right and left veins open by a common trunk in the latter situation. These veins receive esophageal tracheal, and inferior laryngeal veins, and are provided with valves at their terminations in the innominate veins. B. The middle thyroid vein collects the blood from the lower part of the thyroid gland, and after being joined by some veins from the larynx and trachea, ends in the lower part of the internal jugular vein. C. A vein that drains a thyroid gland. D. The superior thyroid vein begins in the substance and on the surface of the thyroid gland, by tributaries corresponding with the branches of the superior thyroid artery, and ends in the upper part of the internal jugular vein. It receives the superior laryngeal and cricothyroid veins.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,inferior thyroid vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007156 1_1_ob18al1n,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'split hand-foot malformation 5'?","A. A split-hand/foot malformation that has_material_basis_in deletions in the chromosome region 2q31. B. A split-hand/foot malformation that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region Xq26. C. A split-hand/foot malformation that has_material_basis_in a contiguous gene duplication syndrome on chromosome 10q24. D. A split-hand/foot malformation that has_material_basis_in contiguous gene mutations caused by deletion, duplication, or rearrangement of chromosome 7q21.3 involving the DSS1, DLX5, and DLX6 genes and possible regulatory elements in the region.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,split hand-foot malformation 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090022 1_1_dwd9wzib,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'curation subset ontology module'?","A. A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. B. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. C. An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. D. A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,curation subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000007 1_1_8ehe99jx,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sex ratio'?","A. The ratio of males to females (or other sexes) in a population. In most sexually reproducing species which are dimorphic, the ratio tends to be 1:1. B. Any of various ratios between anatomical entities. C. A ratio is a relationship between two numbers of the same kind expressed arithmetically as a dimensionless quotient of the two which explicitly indicates how many times the first number contains the second. D. An emission of seminal fluid.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sex ratio,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011881 1_1_z8c6kafu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Striated muscle tissue'?","A. Tissue which consists of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps, Skeletal muscle tissue of diaphragm. B. Tissue which consists of striated muscle fibers surrounded by endomysium. Examples: Skeletal muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue. C. Portion of tissue which has as its parts an aggregate of muscle cells surrounded by a reticulum of collagen fibers or fine connective tissue [endomysium]. Examples: Smooth muscle tissue, Cardiac muscle tissue. D. Tissue which consists of cardiac myocytes surrounded by cardiac endomysium. Examples: Cardiac muscle tissue proper, conducting tissue of heart.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Striated muscle tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67905 1_1_bt1oe0xu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Trp-Asp'?","A. A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. B. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-glutamine with the amino group of L-leucine. C. The L-tryptophan-L-alanine cyclic dipeptide is a structural moiety containing an indole diketopiperazine (DKP) scaffold D. A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-aspartic acid residues.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Trp-Asp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74868 1_1_svesn2hd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'enzyme inhibitor agent therapy'?","A. A therapy using a compound or agent that combines with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. B. Use of a drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. C. They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. D. A primary aliphatic amine that is the 3,5-dimethyl derivative of 1-aminoadamantane. A low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel); NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,enzyme inhibitor agent therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000648 1_1_lk6kcecj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diabetic encephalopathy'?","A. A brain disease that is characterized by damage to brain substance located_in cerebellum; has_symptom ataxia, has_symptom dysarthria, and has_symptom cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. B. A brain disease that is characterized by functional impairment of cognition, cerebral signal conduction, neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, and underlying structural pathology associated with diabetes. C. A brain disease that is characterized by the occurrance of at least two unprovoked seizures resulting from a persistent epileptogenic abnormality of the brain that is able to spontaneously generate paroxysmal activity and typically manifested by sudden brief episodes of altered or diminished consciousness, involuntary movements, or convulsions. D. A brain disease that is characterized by brainstem dysgenesis, has_material_basis_in homozygous mutations in the HOXA1 gene.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,diabetic encephalopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050850 1_1_0ipqku29,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(3S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid'?","A. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted at position 3 by a phospho group. B. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and methyl groups (the S-enantiomer). C. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid substituted at position 3 by a 5-oxofuran-2-ylidene group. D. A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is decanoic acid carrying an oxo group at position 2.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(3S)-3-methyl-2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74122 1_1_8epf4psl,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fracture of rib(s), sternum and thoracic spine'?","A. A cervical fracture, commonly called a broken neck, is a catastrophic fracture of any of the seven cervical vertebrae in the neck B. fracture or break on shoulder or upper arm C. fracture or break on ribs, sternum and thoracic spine D. This describes the circumstance causing an injury, not the nature of the injury. The injury in this case is caused by the lack of administration of surgical or medical care.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"fracture of rib(s), sternum and thoracic spine",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000583 1_1_t934l6d3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine dependence'?","A. dependence on nicotine B. feelings of stress or fear that the patient cannot understand C. An acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech D. A disorder characterized by melancholic feelings of grief or unhappiness.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nicotine dependence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000558 1_1_290zwr4u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Perineum'?","A. Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct. B. Age within gestational stage. C. Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the pelvis by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the perineofemoral lines; together with the thorax, and abdomen, it constitutes the trunk proper. Examples: There is only one perineum. D. Intercostal compartment space between tenth and elventh ribs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Perineum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9579 1_1_099r0g5y,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'compost'?","A. Manure which has been derived from the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. B. A compost which generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together and is the residual compost waste generated by industrial mushroom production. C. Manure which is derived from the waste products of animals. D. An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,compost,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002170 1_1_8p9rfh77,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxmia or hypercapnia'?","A. respiratory system has been attacked, used to specify symptoms B. Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that involves the stomach and small intestine. C. respiratory system has been damaged, unspecified whether there is too much CO2 (hypercapnia) or too little oxygen (hypoxmia) in the body D. Muscle disorders that cause weakness, pain or even paralysis",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxmia or hypercapnia",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000222 1_1_aaagymdu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified urinary incontinence'?","A. a person urinates when they do not want to B. A disorder characterized by elevation of the body's temperature above the upper limit of normal C. tests on the patients liver have given results that are abnormal D. blood pressure above 120/80 mm",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified urinary incontinence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000427 1_1_4nv661nt,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'procumbent ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell'?","A. A ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell that is oriented with its longest dimension radial to the plant axis in which it is found. B. A parenchyma cell that develops from a ray initial and is part of a portion of ray secondary xylem parenchyma . C. A ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell that is oriented with its longest dimension parallel to the plant axis in which it is found. D. A stalk that is the basal part of an antheridium .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,procumbent ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004529 1_1_fiq8d20v,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Muscle of trunk'?","A. Muscle organ which is a part of the neck. Examples: platysma, sternocleidomastoid, cricothyroid muscle. B. Tract of neuraxis, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of some spinal cord, arising chiefly from the columna thoracica and ascending to some cerebellum by way of the posterior part of the lateral funiculus and then the inferior cerebellar peduncle; they carry sensory impulses activated by nerve endings in some skin, muscles, tendons, and joints. C. Muscle organ which is a part of the trunk. Examples: external intercostal muscle, external oblique, levator ani. D. Muscle (organ) which is a part of the pelvis. Examples: levator ani,",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Muscle of trunk,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma58274 1_1_xvz49m6w,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 9'?","A. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musle tissue, anterolateral head of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferolateral and the mid anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posteromedial head of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anteroseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid inferior and the mid anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Mid zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue,posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle, septal division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the mid anterior and the mid inferoseptal zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 9,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86061 1_1_2ybzyoyu,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete convert'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 2.10.2019: Incorrectly-formatted IRI. See also https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/18",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete convert,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000504 1_1_ukv12bmr,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Shared result agreement contract'?","A. Class describing contracts whose operation results are shared among the contracting authority and the tenderer. B. Class of the contracts in which the awarded tenderer manage the public service themselves. C. Class describing the contract concerts with natural or legal person performing similar services at the public service in question. D. Class describing the contracts where the contracting authority participates concurrently with the natural or legal person.",A,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Shared result agreement contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#SharedResultAgreementContract 1_1_yshzdlmz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Rdbi'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Rdbi,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000353 1_1_rhwwrgrr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chromatography - glycoalkaloid fresh weight'?","A. Compute the concentration of anthocyanin in fresh weight basis using the formula B. Compute the average marketable tuber weight in grams using the formula C. Compute the glycoalkaloid concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula D. Compute the Strontium concentration in fresh weight basis using the formula",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Chromatography - glycoalkaloid fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000537 1_1_32el00nt,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Time to maximum germination'?","A. Time to 25% germination from date of sowing B. Time to maximum germination from date of sowing C. Number of germinated nuts D. Time to 50% germination from date of sowing",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Time to maximum germination,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000054 1_1_w900e6lm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Genotype'?","A. The genetic constitution of an organism or cell, as distinct from its expressed features or phenotype. B. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) C. Anything that contributes causally to a result. D. An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's preference towards a range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Genotype,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C16631 1_1_jpckt854,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Usage clause'?","A. Distribution clauses are license clauses which state the requirements on how the licensed resource is redistributed. The license for a resource may or may not allow the redistribution of that resource. If it is allowed, such usage may be restricted in a variety of ways. B. Usage unrestricted is a usage clause which places no restrictions on how the licensed resource may be used. C. A source code clause is a license clause which states the restrictions placed on the source code for the licensed software, if any. The license for a piece of software may or may not allow access to the source code. If such access is allowed, usage may be restricted in a variety of ways. D. A usage clause is a license clause which states the restrictions placed on how the licensed resource may be used. The license for a resource may restrict how the licensee may use the software. If such access is allowed, usage may be restricted in a variety of ways.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Usage clause,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_9000013 1_1_6ad5jr04,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'hermannioside B'?","A. Any glycosyloxyflavone that consists of a flavonol attached to a beta-D-glucosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. B. A glycosyloxyflavone that is tricin attached to a D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. C. A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl residue at position 3 and a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 7 via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the whole plant of Anthyllis hermanniae. D. A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,hermannioside B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69378 1_1_zmwxyrg7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'breast neuroendocrine neoplasm'?","A. A breast benign neoplasm that forms from cells that release hormones into the blood in response to a signal from the nervous system. B. A breast benign neoplasm comprised of fibrous and glandoular tissues located_in breast. C. A breast benign neoplasm that is characterized by a discrete, muticystic breast lesion that occurs at a median age of 20 years. D. A breast benign neoplasm that derives_from precursor mesenchymal cells with myofibroblastic differentiation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,breast neuroendocrine neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3009 1_1_0bu43slf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lateral wall of right atrium'?","A. Region of wall of right atrium which consists of the lateral wall proper, the crista terminalis and the pectinate muscle of the right atrium. B. Region of wall of right atrium which consists of the anterior wall proper, the wall of right auricle and the pectinate muscle of the right atrium. C. Region of wall of right atrium which is continuous with the wall of right atrioventricular junction. D. Region of wall of right atrium which separates the anterior wall of right atrium from the lateral wall of right atrium and is continuous with the valve of inferior vana cava.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lateral wall of right atrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9537 1_1_vdtzoc68,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dorsolateral motor nucleus of vagal nerve'?","A. Motor nucleus of vagal nerve that is located within the dorsolateral portion of rhomobomere 8. B. The great saphenous vein (GSV), also greater saphenous vein, is the large (subcutaneous) superficial vein of the leg and thigh. The terms 'safaina' (Greek) and 'el safin' (Arabic) have both been claimed as the origin for the word 'saphenous'. [WP,unvetted]. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic cell cycle process involved in oocyte maturation. D. Any muscle organ that is part of a mantle.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dorsolateral motor nucleus of vagal nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2002192 1_1_fskozaeh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycosylxylose derivative'?","A. A glycosyloxyflavone that is chrysoeriol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a gentiobiosyl moiety. B. A disaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a glycosylxylose. C. A derivative of vitexin having a alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety and a methyl group attached at the O-7 position of the chromene. D. A disaccharide derivative consisting of a beta-D-glucosyl residue glycosidically linked to a 5-aminopentyl group and which carries at O-3 a 2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-alpha-L-talosyl residue.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,glycosylxylose derivative,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63365 1_1_wc0awt6q,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'jack bean'?","A. A whole dried bean is a bean resulting from natural or mechanical air drying applied to a bean or bean pod. B. A seed of a jack seed plant (Canavalia ensiformis). C. A seed of a bean plant from one of several genera of the flowering plant family (Fabaceae). D. A seed of a velvet bean plant (Mucuna pruriens)",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,jack bean,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002778 1_1_9d5yv7t7,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'touch receptor cell'?","A. A neuronal receptor that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion in the skin. B. Any neuron that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. C. Hair cell is a mechanoreceptor cell that is sensitive to movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system. D. Any neuronal receptor cell that is capable of some detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of gravity.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,touch receptor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000200 1_1_zvgfego7,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'memory T cell'?","A. A T cell that expresses a T cell receptor complex and has completed T cell selection. B. A T cell which resides in the Peyer's patch of the small intestine. C. A gamma-delta T cell that has a mature phenotype. These cells can be found in tissues and circulation where they express unique TCR repertoire depending on their location. D. A long-lived, antigen-experienced T cell that has acquired a memory phenotype including distinct surface markers and the ability to differentiate into an effector T cell upon antigen reexposure.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,memory T cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000813 1_1_1p6hekqr,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydroxylation reaction'?","A. Covalent attachment of palmitic acid to the cysteine residues of membrane proteins. Reversible reaction that can affect C,K,T or S residues. B. Irreversible introduction of a hydroxyl group that can affect K,P,Y or R residues. Hydroxylation is the first step in the oxidative degeneration of organic compounds. C. terms aiming to represent biochemical reactions referring to their resulting product modifications. D. Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that releases carbon dioxide (CO2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain. Enzymes that catalyze decarboxylations are called decarboxylases or, the more formal term, carboxy-lyases (EC number 4.1.1).",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,hydroxylation reaction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0210 1_1_qgegqluy,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Black history'?","A. A child of one of a parent's siblings or their descendents. B. Gender history is a sub-field of history and race studies, which looks at the past from the perspective of race and racial categories. C. Histories of Black persons in relationship to the social construction of race, race discrimination, the African slave trade, and the African diaspora. D. Reproduction made possible via any of various assisted reproductive techniques.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Black history,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007365 1_1_ju0bet3b,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure'?","A. The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn. B. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GOC:rl] C. The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. D. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GO:GO\:0003052]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO_0000537 1_1_x8cy5ll7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'questionnaire'?","A. A predetermined set of questions. B. A document used in a method of data collection that involves interviewing (or giving questionnaires to) a representative and often large group of people. C. A questionnaire, particular in the context of health care, designed to evaluate or estimate some quality or ability of someone or something. D. A kind of survey which explores characteristics in households, such as fertility, family structure, and demographics.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,questionnaire,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17048 1_1_w4bamxm3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine supra-littoral zone'?","A. The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. B. The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. C. The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. D. An astronomical body part which is part of a marine environment.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine supra-littoral zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000124 1_1_8qz7pn5d,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of samarium in lake water'?","A. The concentration of neodymium when measured in water ice. B. The concentration of gadolinium when measured in water ice. C. The concentration of samarium when measured in lake water. D. The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in freshwater.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of samarium in lake water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200015 1_1_ii2h23nq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thyroid gland proper'?","A. Non-nucleated cell with plasma membrane exclusively or predominantly in contact with the plasma membranes of adjacent cells (cell-cell contact) . Examples: corneocyte, non-nucleated lens fiber. B. Cell which has as its direct part a maximally connected part of protoplasm. Examples: hepatocyte, erythroblast, skeletal muscle cell, megakaryocyte. C. Thyroid gland located anterolateral to the upper part of the trachea. D. Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle, modified sebaceous glands and papillary part of lactiferous duct.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Thyroid gland proper,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66793 1_1_h9x8d26f,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental toxicant'?","A. A toxicant that has impairs the developmental process of an organism. B. A toxicant that has an effect on the reproductive systsem. C. A toxicant that has an effect on the respiratory system. D. A substance that has a disposition to cause harm to an organism that is in contact with it.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,developmental toxicant,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000815 1_1_9531zsqc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Autosomal dominant inheritance'?","A. A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele. B. A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Because the mitochondrial genome is essentially always maternally inherited, a mitochondrial condition can only be transmitted by females, although the condition can affect both sexes. The proportion of mutant mitochondria can vary (heteroplasmy). C. A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on chromosomes in which a trait can manifest in a monoallelic (e.g. heterozygotes) and biallelic (e.g. homozygotes, compound heterozygotes) state, with similar or differing phenotype severity present dependent on the number of alleles affected. D. A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Autosomal dominant inheritance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000006 1_1_ppw6cp9o,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cleft lip-palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by prenatal growth restriction, severe short stature with proportional head circumference, and profound feeding difficulty that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in an imprinting region on chromosome 20q11-q13. B. A syndrome that is characterized by global developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, corpus callosum agenesis or hypoplasia, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and ocular, cardiac, and genital anomalies and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CDH2 gene on chromosome 18q12. C. A syndrome characterized at birth by streaks of very thin skin (dermal hypoplasia), cutis aplasia, and telangiectases, and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PORCN gene on chromosome Xp11.23. D. A syndrome characterized by cleft lip, cleft palate, hypodontia, anodontia, microdontia, syndactyly, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, onychodysplasia, and sparse hair that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the NECTIN1 gene on chromosome 11q23.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cleft lip-palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060773 1_1_hpegd3pb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of proteasome assembly'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules. B. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of AIM2 inflammasome complex assembly. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nodal receptor complex assembly.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of proteasome assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0090364 1_1_613v18fp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Biomass yield in dry weight basis'?","A. The yield of the biomass in dry weight basis B. The weight of the vines C. The weight of the commercial storage roots D. The average non-commercial weight of storage roots",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Biomass yield in dry weight basis,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0001058 1_1_qy3ntwlu,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'columella root cap initial cell'?","A. A root initial cell that produces lateral root cap cells and root epidermis . B. A root initial cell that produces columella cells in the root cap . In direct contact with quiescent center . C. A root initial cell that produces root cortex and root endodermis . In direct contact with quiescent center . D. An initial cell that is part of a root apical meristem and by division gives rise to two cells, one of which remains in the meristem, while the other is produces different root cells.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,columella root cap initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020133 1_1_o2gmfw3g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'keggorth'?","A. Implements classes and methods for large-scale SNP association studies B. Test package for a pathway 'ontology' C. Based on the algothrim proposed by Dr. Lynda Chin's lab, this package provides functions that identify chromosome regions that show gains/losses commonly observed across different samples profiled using arrayCGH platform. D. This package contains a systems biology markup language (SBML) interface and biochemical system analysis tools with illustrative examples.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,keggorth,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000590 1_1_zscgl2go,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell apoptotic process. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901694 1_1_mhty07sx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-(2-hydroxyoctacosanoyl)-4-hydroxyicosasphinganine'?","A. A ceramide that is the N-(2-hydroxyhexadecanoyl) derivative of 4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine. B. A C20 phytoceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxyoctacosanoyl. C. A ceramide that is the N-(2-hydroxyhexacosanoyl) derivative of 4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine. D. A ceramide that is the N-(2-hydroxyoctadecanoyl) derivative of 4-hydroxyeicosasphinganine.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-(2-hydroxyoctacosanoyl)-4-hydroxyicosasphinganine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72031 1_1_weuq5lc3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sawing machine setter, operator, or tender, wood'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend wood sawing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment. Includes lead sawyers. B. Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets. C. Grade logs or estimate the marketable content or value of logs or pulpwood in sorting yards, millpond, log deck, or similar locations. Inspect logs for defects or measure logs to determine volume. D. Solicit donations or orders for goods or services over the telephone.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"sawing machine setter, operator, or tender, wood",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51704100 1_1_sl4nnlni,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bookkeeping, accounting, or auditing clerk'?","A. Collect and organize data concerning the distribution and circulation of ground and surface water, and data on its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Measure and report on flow rates and ground water levels, maintain field equipment, collect water samples, install and collect sampling equipment, and process samples for shipment to testing laboratories. May collect data on behalf of hydrologists, engineers, developers, government agencies, or agriculture. B. Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers. C. Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds. D. Assist patrons at hotel, apartment, or office building with personal services. May take messages; arrange or give advice on transportation, business services, or entertainment; or monitor guest requests for housekeeping and maintenance.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"bookkeeping, accounting, or auditing clerk",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43303100 1_1_f25v30q2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tissue homeostasis'?","A. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. B. Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. C. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier. D. A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tissue homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001894 1_1_3b8eqcf1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'microbial mat'?","A. An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. B. A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. C. A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. D. Any water ice that is part of a glacier.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,microbial mat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000008 1_1_wqogs3f3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'observatory system'?","A. An observing system which generates long-term data about one or more entities of interest, typically using standardised methodology. B. A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). C. An observatory system which includes components used to generate (meta)genomic, (meta)transcriptomic, (meta)proteomic, metabolomic, and other omic data, information, and knowledge. D. A system of constructed and manufactured products which are used by humans to produce data, information, or knowledge about material, immaterial, or processual entities.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,observatory system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001470 1_1_lpc5nxfa,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parietal lobe'?","A. Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe. B. Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. C. Segment of cerebral hemisphere demarcated by both bonafide landmarks (sulci and fissures) and fiat boundaries. D. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Parietal lobe,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61826 1_1_x0mzgriq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cleaning, washing, or metal pickling equipment operator or tender'?","A. Perform precision assembling or adjusting, within narrow tolerances, of timing devices such as digital clocks or timing devices with electrical or electronic components. B. Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials around a warehouse, storage yard, factory, construction site, or similar location. C. Operate or tend food or tobacco roasting, baking, or drying equipment, including hearth ovens, kiln driers, roasters, char kilns, and vacuum drying equipment. D. Operate or tend machines to wash or clean products, such as barrels or kegs, glass items, tin plate, food, pulp, coal, plastic, or rubber, to remove impurities.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"cleaning, washing, or metal pickling equipment operator or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919200 1_1_vf9dvph5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth. C. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the growth of a cardiac muscle cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from its initial formation to its mature state. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0055022 1_1_bps8ecfw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subcallosal area'?","A. Epicardium of auricle which is attached to the myocardium of left auricle. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by nasion and pronasale. C. Subdivision of telencephalon which is a small field of the cerebral cortex located beneath the rostral corpus callosum bounded anteriorly by the anterior parolfactory sulcus. D. limb, each instance of which has as its regional part some pectoral girdle region and some free upper limb. Examples: There are two upper limbs, right upper limb and left upper limb.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subcallosal area,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61890 1_1_sna2dds9,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hemifacial spasm'?","A. A reduction from the normal range of the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell (27 to 31 picograms/cell). A reduced mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) may indicate a hypochromic anemia, but the MCH may be normal if both the total hemoglobin and the red blood cell count are reduced. B. Lack (aplasia) of the ethmoidal sinus. C. Increased number and size of the juxtaglomerular cells. D. Intermittent clonic or tonic contraction of muscles supplied by facial nerve. Muscles are relaxed in between contractions.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hemifacial spasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010828 1_1_w3rb5cf5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spinocervical tract'?","A. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers descending from some interstitial nucleus into some spinal cord as part of some medial longitudinal fasciculus. B. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a tract arising from some nucleus ceruleus and nucleus subceruleus and projectingto some spinal laminae at all levels. C. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is some somatosensory pathway consisting of fibers that pass out of some posterior spinocerebellar tract, pass through the lateral cervical nucleus, and ascend with some medial lemniscus to the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis of some thalamus. D. Tract of spinal cord, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers in the lateral funiculus of some spinal cord, mostly crossed from their origin; they ascend as part of some anterolateral system to some superior and inferior colliculi and carry somatic sensory impulses.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Spinocervical tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75696 1_1_0vbj3f7e,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'exotesta'?","A. A portion of seed coat epidermis which is part of the seed coat , and develops from the outer surface of the outer integument . B. A portion of seed coat epidermis that consists of multiple seed trichomes at the seed micropyle . C. A portion of seed coat epidermis which is part of the seed coat and develops from the inner epidermis of the inner integument . D. A portion of seed coat epidermis which is part of the seed coat and develops from the outer surface of the inner integument .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,exotesta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006050 1_1_zo463bj1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Base shape of the terminal leaflets'?","A. The color of the fruit B. The secondary color of the skin C. The pigmentation of the pistil D. The base shape of the terminal leaflet",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Base shape of the terminal leaflets,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000066 1_1_snrr7uvb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II method'?","A. Record the presence/absence of the molecular marker. B. Measure length of pods, usually recorded as average of 10 dry pods, taking 1 pod per plant, in 10 random representative plants. It is measured from its insertion in the pedicel to the beak end. C. Measure and record using standard method for fluorescence measurement. D. Measure total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) content in shoots.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0000346 1_1_uffw8fl8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'capability'?","A. A bodily disposition to behaviour that inheres in an organism by virtue of the physical changes brought about by an emotion process. B. A bodily disposition whose realization ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organisms, where ""ordinarily"" means within a typical range or context. C. A bodily disposition is a disposition that inheres in some extended organism. Examples are: my disposition to catch a cold when exposed to a virus, my ability to speak the English language. D. A personality trait is an individual disposition or predisposition that forms part of an overall personality and is realized in repeated occurrences of a specific mental process type or behavioural profile.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,capability,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000043 1_1_vp2z67in,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'basal endosperm transfer cell'?","A. A companion cell that is a transfer cell with many cell wall invaginations. B. A cell with wall ingrowths (or invaginations) that increase the surface of the plasmalemma. C. OBSOLETE D. A transfer cell that is part of a basal endosperm transfer layer.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,basal endosperm transfer cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009018 1_1_3gcqs4bs,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Absent respiratory ciliary axoneme radial spokes'?","A. Abnormal arrangement of the structures of the axoneme, which is the cytoskeletal structure that forms the inner core of the motile cilium and displays a canonical 9+2 microtubular pattern of motile cilia studded with dynein arms. B. Abnormal arrangement of the structures of the motile cilium. C. A structural anomaly of the two central microtubules of motile cilia with a 9+2 microtubuluar configuration. D. Absence of the radial spokes of the axoneme of the respiratory cilium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Absent respiratory ciliary axoneme radial spokes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012267 1_1_db6iv7gd,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Buy contract'?","A. Class describing contracts whose object is the acquisition of supplies. B. Class defining supplies contracts aimed to rent supplies. C. Class to describe the supplies contracts aimed to buy supplies. D. Class defining supplies contracts aimed to lease supplies.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Buy contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#BuyContract 1_1_433q73ex,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete AIDA'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete AIDA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000009 1_1_r70287tr,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Myocardial zone 3'?","A. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the basal anteroseptal and the basal inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac musclte tissue, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, anterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle that is adjacent to the basal anteroseptal and the basal anterolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. C. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which has as its parts the cardiac muscle tissue, posterior leaflet of mitral vavle, posterior division of left branch of atrioventricular bundle and the trabecula carnea of left ventricle and is adjacent to the basal inferoseptal and the basal inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Basal zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the basal inferolateral and the basal anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Myocardial zone 3,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86055 1_1_eelz7z54,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Activity'?","A. This class comprises the activities that contribute to the management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Curated Holding, following an implicit or explicit curation plan. It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded. Items are accumulated and organized following criteria such as subject, chronological period, material type, style of art, etc., and can be added or removed from an instance of E78 Curated Holding for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items to form a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event, while the activities of evolving, preserving, and promoting a collection are regarded as instances of E87 Curation Activity.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. This notion includes complex, composite, and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party. Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming an employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family, and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that end the existence of any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. In cases where substance from an instance of E77 Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented as instances of E81 Transformation.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E7 Activity,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E7_Activity 1_1_zchvdvo1,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right ventricular dilatation'?","A. An abnormality of the right ventricle of the heart. B. Right-sided heart failure resulting from chronic hypertension in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle. C. Enlargement of the chamber of the right ventricle, which can be defined echocardiographically as a right ventricular to left ventricular ratio greater than 1:1. D. Underdevelopment or reduced size of the heart right ventricle, often due to a reduced number of cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Right ventricular dilatation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0005133 1_1_p72ts68t,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zambia'?","A. A landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka. Zambia is divided into nine provinces. Each province is subdivided into several districts with a total of 73 districts. B. A country in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south. Ukraine is subdivided into twenty-four oblasts (provinces) and one autonomous republic (avtonomna respublika), Crimea. Additionally, the cities of Kiev, the capital, and Sevastopol, both have a special legal status. The 24 oblasts and Crimea are subdivided into 490 raions (districts), or second-level administrative units. C. A country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea in the north and east, Liberia in the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest and west. The Republic of Sierra Leone is composed of 3 provinces and one area called the Western Area; the provinces are further divided into 12 districts. The Western Area is also divided into 2 districts. D. A landlocked country in southeast Asia, bordered by Burma (Myanmar) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south, and Thailand to the west. Laos is divided into sixteen provinces (qwang) and Vientiane Capital (Na Kone Luang Vientiane). The provinces further divided into districts (muang).",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Zambia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00001107 1_1_cx22n9ob,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'recreational therapist'?","A. Appraise and estimate the fair value of tangible personal or business property, such as jewelry, art, antiques, collectibles, and equipment. May also appraise land. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate medically-approved recreation programs for patients in hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutions. Activities include sports, trips, dramatics, social activities, and crafts. May assess a patient condition and recommend appropriate recreational activity. C. Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. D. Design, develop, and evaluate the operation of marine vessels, ship machinery, and related equipment, such as power supply and propulsion systems.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,recreational therapist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29112500 1_1_ocvadi6b,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrothermal vent'?","A. A spring that is located in the desert. B. A spring through which fresh water flows. C. A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. D. A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,hydrothermal vent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000215 1_1_3a1th1ut,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'shortness of breath'?","A. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease B. A disorder characterized by a queasy sensation and/or the urge to vomit C. this is a symptom of many diseases that attack the respiratory system D. A cough that lasts for at least eight weeks. Usually just a minor annoyance",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,shortness of breath,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000456 1_1_v7xdj5hb,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Intertuberal line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line located in the head. B. Fiat anatomical line of head, each instance of which is a line drawn between the prominences of some frontal bone. C. Fiat anatomical line of head, each instance of which is a line from some basion to some nasion. D. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by labiale inferius and sublabiale.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Intertuberal line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329215 1_1_rddxbu3u,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Developer'?","A. Sociological actor located outside the game B. Developer of the game C. Collective of developers D. Individual developer",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Developer,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Developer 1_1_htoupxts,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant vigour - Method'?","A. General disease severity assessment. B. Pod beak assessment. C. Marking on standard petal assessment. D. Assessment of plant vigour to describe the capacity of plant to grow.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant vigour - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000255 1_1_o45uuf1g,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geothermal technician'?","A. Drive a light vehicle, such as a truck or van, with a capacity of less than 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), primarily to pick up merchandise or packages from a distribution center and deliver. May load and unload vehicle. B. Supervise curbside and drop-off recycling programs for municipal governments or private firms. C. Shape, finish, and refinish damaged, worn, or used furniture or new high-grade furniture to specified color or finish. D. Perform technical activities at power plants or individual installations necessary for the generation of power from geothermal energy sources. Monitor and control operating activities at geothermal power generation facilities and perform maintenance and repairs as necessary. Install, test, and maintain residential and commercial geothermal heat pumps.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,geothermal technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49909901 1_1_e30l8ejv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hindlimb intermedium bone'?","A. One of two elements that constitute the basal row of tarsals. The fibulare constitutes the preaxial element[AAO]. B. A proximal tarsal bone that articulates with the fibula. C. A tarsal bone that connected_to a hindlimb zeugopod skeleton. D. The postaxial bone of the proximal tarsals series[Phenoscape].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hindlimb intermedium bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011678 1_1_4vbyyp9u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acetabular labrum'?","A. Skeletal cartilage organ, each instance of which is a ring of fibrocartilage attached to the rim of the acetabulum of some hip bone, increasing the depth of the cavity. B. Skeltal cartilage organ, each instance of which is a ring of fibrocartilage attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa of some scapula, increasing the depth of the fossa. C. Structural anatomical relation which describes the location, orientation and connectivity of physical anatomical entities. Examples: anatomical location, anatomical orientation, anatomical connectivity. D. Cartilage organ of the skeletal system. Examples: nasal cartilage, intervertebral disk.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Acetabular labrum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma43521 1_1_dq4zjxek,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Optic disc coloboma'?","A. A morphological abnormality of the optic disc, i.e., of the portion of the optic nerve clinically visible on fundoscopic examination. B. The density of the deep peripapillary microvascular network (i.e., the number of blood vessels) is below the lower limit of normal. This finding is observable by optical coherence tomography angiography. C. Optic disc drusen are acellular, calcified deposits within the optic nerve head. Optic disc drusen are congenital and developmental anomalies of the optic nerve head, representing hyaline-containing bodies that, over time, appear as elevated, lumpy irregularities on the anterior portion of the optic nerve. D. A cleft of the optic nerve that extends inferiorly.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Optic disc coloboma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000588 1_1_hnj2fgvb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-17-hydroperoxydocosapentaenoate'?","A. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoate that is the conjugate base of (4Z,7Z,11Z,13Z,15E,17S)-10,17-bis(hydroperoxy)docosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoate that is the conjugate base of 17-HPDoPE, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A (7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-17-hydroperoxydocosapentaenoate in which the chiral centre at position 17 has S-configuration. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators. D. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoate that is the conjugate base of (8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-7,17-bis(hydroperoxy)docosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-17-hydroperoxydocosapentaenoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133797 1_1_4m728qxy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete edd'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. Equivalence with EDAM format_3161. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete edd,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000526 1_1_icfo27dq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9'?","A. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia that is characterized by progressive microcephaly, hypertonia, myoclonus, seizure and early lethality, has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the TSEN54 gene. B. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia that is characterized by progressive microcephaly, spasticity, seizure and brain atrophy, has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the AMPD2 gene. C. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia that is characterized by progressive microcephaly, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, profound intellectual disability and seizure, has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the PCLO gene. D. A pontocerebellar hypoplasia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the COASY gene on chromosome 17q21.2.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060278 1_1_uc7z1xtt,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunodeficiency 38'?","A. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by development of severe clinical disease upon infection with weakly virulent mycobacteria and intracranial calcification that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ISG15 gene on chromosome 1p36.33. B. An immunodeficiency disease that is characterized by neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and extensive human papillomavirus infection and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CXCR4 gene on chromosome 2q22. C. A primary immunodeficiency disease that is characterized by recurrent infections with various organisms, as well as noninfectious inflammation manifest as lymphocytic organ infiltration with gastritis, colitis, and lung, liver, CNS, or skin disease and and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SYK gene on chromosome 9q22. D. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by onset of atopic eczema and recurrent respiratory infections in the first decade of life that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TOM1 gene on chromosome 22q12.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunodeficiency 38,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111934 1_1_ij9w4q6d,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Starch breakdown-Estimation'?","A. Record the tendency of vine to twine or climb B. Feel the taste of boiled yam in mouth and make sensory score using scale how pleasing to the taste C. A 1.7 g portion of starch was mixed with 25 g of distilled water in the RVA sample can, after correction for the original moisture contents of the starches D. Record existance of hairs on a sprout (vine)",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Starch breakdown-Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0010187 1_1_oe04frey,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'outcrop'?","A. Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. B. An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. C. A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. D. Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,outcrop,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000302 1_1_inip5tu7,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Edition'?","A. A comics genre. B. A period of comic book history. C. A frequency with which a comic is published. D. An edition of a comic issue.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Edition,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Edition 1_1_0by0xoyx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine'?","A. The tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes of the small intestine. B. The tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes. C. A crypt of Lieberkühn that is part of a large intestine [Automatically generated definition]. D. An intestinal crypt that is located in the duodenum.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,crypt of Lieberkuhn of small intestine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001241 1_1_y9vj26ha,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Venous valve'?","A. Anatomical valve, each instance of which is a small cusp of fold in tunica intima of some vein, serving to prevent backflow of some blood. B. Anatomical valve, each instance of which is a bicuspid valve in sme collecting lymphatic vessel, serving to ensure unidirectional flow. C. Anatomical valve, each instace of which is an archlike fold of mucous membrane connecting the caudal ends of some adjacent anal columns at the lower end of some anal sinus. D. Anatomical valve which has as its parts the endocardium and fibroelastic connective tissue attached to the fibrous ring of heart.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Venous valve,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68095 1_1_q68o99o7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'ear infructescence'?","A. A reproductive shoot system that develops from an inflorescence and has as parts each infructescence axis and all of the fruits borne by those axes. B. An infructescence in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis and develops from the ear inflorescence . C. A cardinal organ part that is an angular projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina . D. The early stage in fruit ripening.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,ear infructescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025597 1_1_cj2helci,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mistake of fact defense'?","A. A defense which notes that a person charged was coerced to act against their will. B. A mistake of fact may sometimes mean that, while a person has committed the physical element of an offence, because they were labouring under a mistake of fact, they never formed the required mens rea, and so will escape liability for offences that require mens rea. C. In law, provocation is when a person is considered to have committed a criminal act partly because of a preceding set of events that might cause a reasonable person to lose self control. This makes them less morally culpable than if the act was premeditated (pre-planned) and done out of pure malice (malice aforethought). D. A concept related to an excuse defense (excuse) which reduces or extinguishes a person's culpability and therefore a person's liability to pay compensation to the victim of a tort in the civil law.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,mistake of fact defense,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006677 1_1_yfymfgwr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'interleukin-9 receptor binding'?","A. Binding to an interleukin-9 receptor. B. Binding to an imaginal disc growth factor receptor. C. Binding to a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). D. Binding to an interleukin-1 receptor.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,interleukin-9 receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005140 1_1_lw5e0702,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain yield determination'?","A. Cut all aboveground biomass in a predetermined area and weigh immediately using a scale or balance. B. Measurement of the phytofluene content C. Laboratory analysis of nitrogen content in the oat/groat of a sample. D. Measurement of the total weight of whole grains harvested per unit area.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain yield determination,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000007 1_1_aykg7umt,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete RMA++'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete RMA++,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000342 1_1_wqdezgdb,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root system'?","A. A collective plant organ structure that is the pollen-bearing part of a stamen . B. A collective plant organ structure on the surface of a vascular leaf that has as parts two or more fused sori . C. A collective plant organ structure which is a cluster of gametophore branches or non-vascular leaves at the top of the gametophore axis , forming a tuft. D. A collective plant organ structure that produces root meristems , the plant structures that arise from them and the parts thereof.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025025 1_1_l3baewrf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Venezuelan equine encephalitis'?","A. A viral infectious disease that results in inflammation, located in pharynx, has_material_basis_in Human herpesvirus 4 and has symptom fever, has symptom fatigue, has symptom lymphadenopathy, and has symptom splenomegaly. B. A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain of horses and humans, has_material_basis_in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (Alphavirus venezuelan), which is transmitted_by Culex mosquitoes. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom malaise, has_symptom severe headache, has_symptom photophobia, and has_symptom myalgia in the legs and lumbosacral region. C. A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (Orthoflavivirus omskense), which is transmitted_by Dermacentor and transmitted_by Ixodes species of ticks. The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom chills, has_symptom headache, has_symptom pain in lower and upper extremities, has_symptom stiff neck, has_symptom papulovesicular rash on the soft palate, has_symptom cervical lymphadenopathy, has_symptom conjunctival suffusion, has_symptom blood in the urine, and has_symptom blood in the sputum. D. A viral infectious disease that results_in inflammation located_in brain, has_material_basis_in Powassan virus (Orthoflavivirus powassanense), which is transmitted_by Ixodes and transmitted_by Dermacentor species of ticks. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom fever, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom stiff neck, has_symptom sleepiness, has_symptom breathing distress, has_symptom tremors, has_symptom confusion, has_symptom seizures, has_symptom paralysis, and has_symptom coma.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Venezuelan equine encephalitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9584 1_1_xa82sx6d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepal vascular system'?","A. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a sepal . B. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf . C. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a tepal . D. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a stamen .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepal vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004723 1_1_gg1x18ni,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear lumen'?","A. The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane. B. Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a tertiary granule. C. An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. D. The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nuclear lumen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031981 1_1_6wxth2m1,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044483 1_1_nrofgzep,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aphasia'?","A. An abnormal shift in patterns of thinking, acting, or feeling. B. An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write. C. A functional anomaly of the nervous system. D. a partial absence or patchy, incomplete area of a myelin sheath over all or part of an axon or fiber tract due to degeneration or destruction of the myelin sheath",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Aphasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002381 1_1_p4wkuovl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'social scientist or related worker, all other'?","A. All social scientists and related workers not listed separately. B. Research, analyze, record, and interpret the past as recorded in sources, such as government and institutional records, newspapers and other periodicals, photographs, interviews, films, electronic media, and unpublished manuscripts, such as personal diaries and letters. C. Study the nature and use of areas of the Earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants, and animals, and conduct research on the spatial implications of human activities within a given area, including social characteristics, economic activities, and political organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions at scales ranging from local to global. D. Prepare studies for proposed transportation projects. Gather, compile, and analyze data. Study the use and operation of transportation systems. Develop transportation models or simulations.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"social scientist or related worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19309900 1_1_cqija90z,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus'?","A. complications/disorders of the respiratory system that occur during or after a procedure/operation B. Pleural plaques are deposits of hyalinized collagen fibers in the parietal pleura. C. If you have epilepsy, you may have seizures repeatedly. A seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minutes period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes D. a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Epilepsy, unspecified, not intractable, without status epilepticus",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000091 1_1_1oaf02lf,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of desirability'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a judgement that one is being disliked B. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of how suddenly an event occurred. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal of the extent to which something is good or beneficial. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how familiar an object or event is.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of desirability,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000226 1_1_k65q3467,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'communications teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling conditions. B. Teach courses pertaining to the culture and development of an area, an ethnic group, or any other group, such as Latin American studies, women's studies, or urban affairs. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses in communications, such as organizational communications, public relations, radio/television broadcasting, and journalism. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses in anthropology or archeology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"communications teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25112200 1_1_7nhmkdhl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'counter or rental clerk'?","A. Perform work involved in developing and processing photographic images from film or digital media. May perform precision tasks such as editing photographic negatives and prints. B. Apply hard tile, stone, and comparable materials to walls, floors, ceilings, countertops, and roof decks. C. Receive orders, generally in person, for repairs, rentals, and services. May describe available options, compute cost, and accept payment. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of material-moving machine and vehicle operators and helpers.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,counter or rental clerk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41202100 1_1_wreewxfg,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Other respiratory disorders'?","A. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. B. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. C. disorders affecting the lungs, ie asthma, COPD, influenza, etc. D. A lung disease characterized by the growth of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in the lungs",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Other respiratory disorders,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000202 1_1_jmdg1acp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Days to first inflorescence'?","A. Storage root shape B. Time to reach the first inflorescence C. Pubescence of young leaves D. Storage root surface color",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Days to first inflorescence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000359 1_1_p83928a3,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other problems related to medical facilities and other health care'?","A. normal doctors appointment to ensure healthy supervised pregnancy B. Encounter for general adult medical examination C. other problems related to health care D. long term use of asipirin",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other problems related to medical facilities and other health care,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000541 1_1_93gou48j,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'type I muscle cell'?","A. A muscle cell that develops tension more slowly than a fast-twitch fiber. B. A slow muscle cell that contains high levels of myoglobin and oxygen storing proteins giving the cell a red appearance. C. A slow muscle cell that has large amounts of myoglobin, stores energy as triglycerides, generates ATP by the oxidative method and is resistant to fatigue. D. A type II muscle cell that contains large amounts of myoglobin, has many mitochondria and very many blood capillaries. Type II A cells are red, have a very high capacity for generating ATP by oxidative metabolic processes, split ATP at a very rapid rate, have a fast contraction velocity and are resistant to fatigue.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,type I muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002211 1_1_n9ea8dv6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'public policy'?","A. An action specification that a government produces that includes rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under the government's jurisdiction. B. An action specification of a person or organisation that is realised as a set of rules and activities affecting people or organisations under its jurisdiction. C. A public policy that aims to improve the health of a population. D. A policy that is applied by a public body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,public policy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001109 1_1_1w1uq137,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'megasporangium'?","A. A sporangium in which megaspores are produced. B. A sporangium in which microspores are produced. C. A plant organ in which plant spores are produced. D. A megasporangium in a seed plant, composed of fleshy subepidermal tissue that is part of a plant ovule and surrounds a megasporocyte .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,megasporangium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025201 1_1_tldsds8b,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tornado'?","A. A tornado which a) is not associated with a mesocyclone and is thus relatively weak and short-lived, b) is centred on a small, smooth condensation funnel which often does not reach the planetary surface, and c) forms a distinctively laminar cloud of dust when it makes contact with the land. B. A tornado which comprises two or more columns of spinning air rotating about their own axis and at the same time around a common center. C. A tornado which connects a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud to a body of water, often transporting water from that water body along the spiraling winds constituting its vortex. D. A tornado is an aeroform consisting of at least one rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of an astronomical body and pendant from within or beneath a cumulonimbus or cumulus cloud.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tornado,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001482 1_1_hnegk0b6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of some metazoan gene that encodes a signal peptide followed by a single Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (Pfam:PF08246) followed by a single Papain family cysteine protease (Pfam:PF00112) domain at the C terminus. B. A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C that is a translation product of a transcript that minimally includes the region encoded by the variable exon 4(A). C. A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45R that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-8 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45RA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001015 1_1_c8y9n6un,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diagnostic procedure'?","A. A measurement performed in a clinical setting using clinician's observations and instrument data to inform patient care and research. B. Any procedure or test to diagnose a disease or disorder. C. medical intervention is a planned process that has the goal of diagnosing, preventing or relieving illness or injury. D. An acupuncture method that involves pucture at bilateral Yingxiang and Yintang points",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,diagnostic procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000003 1_1_ef23nb20,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'otic placode'?","A. A cranial placode which, once specified, invaginates to form an otic cup, which eventually separates from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle or otocyst, a rounded structure without appar- ent polarity. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII[NBK]. B. Dorsolateral placode that gives rise to the anterior lateral line. C. Lateral neurogenic placodes positioned dorsal of the epibranchial placodes. D. An ectodermal placode that will develop into the components of the lateral line system.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,otic placode,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003069 1_1_htu5e24q,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'olfactory behavior'?","A. The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a sugar stimulus. B. The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. C. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus. D. The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,olfactory behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042048 1_1_1k83z99l,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3,4-dicarboxy-3-hydroxybutanoate'?","A. A tricarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of citric acid, obtained by deprotonation of one of the three carboxy groups. B. A citrate(1-) that is the conjugate acid of 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinate. C. A citrate(1-) that is the conjugate acid of 2-(carboxymethyl)-2-hydroxysuccinate. D. An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3,4-dicarboxy-3-hydroxybutanoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35806 1_1_haavntvo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cartilage tissue'?","A. Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. B. A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO] C. When a person has acute respiratory failure, the usual exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs does not occur. D. Skeletal tissue that is avascular, rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and typically includes chondrocytes within isolated lacunae. Cartilage tissue is deposited by chondroblasts.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cartilage tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002418 1_1_836vv3qw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-histidine N(alpha)-methyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 1,4-N1-D-glucooligosaccharide = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + oligosaccharide containing 6-methyl-D-glucose units. B. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 11-O-demethyl-17-O-deacetylvindoline = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 17-O-deacetylvindoline. C. Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanosine in tRNA = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing methylguanine. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-histidine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine <=> 3 H(+) + hercynine + 3 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. This reaction is the addition of three methyl groups to L-histidine to form N-alpha,N-alpha,N-alpha-trimethyl-L-histidine (also known as hercynine).",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-histidine N(alpha)-methyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052706 1_1_gv8k3cdl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunodeficiency 20'?","A. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by impaired cellular responses to interferons A, B, and G resulting increased susceptibility to mycobacteria, Salmonella, and viruses that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the STAT1 gene on chromosome 2q32.2. B. A primary immunodeficiency disease where phagocytes have a diminished ability to fight bacterial infection. C. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by increased susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, high levels of IFNG in the plasma, and absence of cellular response to IFNG that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the IFNGR2 gene on chromosome 21q22.11. D. A primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by a defect in spontaneous NK cell cytotoxicity that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FCGR3A gene on chromosome 1q23.3.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunodeficiency 20,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111941 1_1_z7u7z0nf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelial cell of nasolacrimal duct'?","A. Translation that occurs at the presynapse. B. An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal drainage system. C. An epithelial cell that is part of the lacrimal sac. D. An epithelial cell that is part of the nasolacrimal duct.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,epithelial cell of nasolacrimal duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000437 1_1_4fj661z0,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'wedelolactone'?","A. A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3. B. A member of the class of coumarins that is 2H-chromen-2-one substituted by a [(1R,2R,3S,5S)-2-(2-carboxyethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopentyl]methoxy group at position 7. It is isolated from the roots of Ferula sinaica. C. A stilbenoid that is the (2R,3R)-cis-stereoisomer of delta-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of cis-resveratrol. D. A secondary alcohol resulting from the hydrolysis of the carboxylic ester group of brivanib alaninate. It is a dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor whose alanine prodrug, brivanib alaninate is currently under development as an oral agent for the treatment of cancer.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,wedelolactone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10037 1_1_sxm14va8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kv4.2-KChIP2 channel complex'?","A. A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP10 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3. B. A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP2 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2. C. A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the peptidase-related protein DPP6 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.3. D. A voltage-gated potassium channel complex that contains the Kv channel interacting protein KChIP1 associated with the channel via interaction with the Kv alpha subunit 4.2.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Kv4.2-KChIP2 channel complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071193 1_1_w8eabapq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphorylase kinase complex'?","A. A trimeric protein complex that phosphorylates inhibitory-kappaB (I-kappaB) proteins. The complex is composed of two kinase subunits (alpha and beta) and a regulatory gamma subunit (also called NEMO). In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to inhibitory IKB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. B. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a. C. A protein complex involved in septin ring formation during mitosis. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae it consists of BNI5, CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, GIN4, NAP1 and SHS1. At least 2 GIN4 molecules are involved. D. A protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,phosphorylase kinase complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005964 1_1_ilft975i,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of gut granule assembly'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of organelle assembly. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gut granule assembly. C. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of pseudohyphal septin ring assembly. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellulosome assembly.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of gut granule assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904756 1_1_55xpax8x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'gingiva of lower jaw'?","A. The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. B. A gingiva that is part of a lower jaw region. C. The process in which the muscular septum is generated and organized. The muscular septum is the lower part of the ventricular septum. D. A gingiva that is part of a upper jaw region.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,gingiva of lower jaw,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011602 1_1_3rxg0apc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Inappropriately normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level'?","A. Any deviation from the normal amount of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the function of the thyroid gland. B. Reduced amount of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the function of the thyroid gland. C. A normal or elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in the face of an elevation in circulating FT4 and/or FT3. D. Increased concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood circulation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Inappropriately normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033075 1_1_18dff53x,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Talonavicular ligament'?","A. Vein of internal ear, each instance of which is a vein that passes through the aqueduct of some vestibule and empties into some superior petrosal sinus. B. Zygion at the most lateral part of right zygomatic arch. C. Dorsal tarsal ligament, each instance of which is a broad, thin fibrous band passing from the dorsal and lateral parts of the neck of some talus to the dorsal part of some navicular bone. D. Subdivision of epicardium which is continuous with the visceral serous pericardium of the pulmonary vein.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Talonavicular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44213 1_1_u2digopx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tyrosine biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tyrosine biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006571 1_1_pz9glcqg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right lobe of liver'?","A. Hemiliver located to the right of the main portal scissura. B. Duodenal papilla, each instance of which is site of opening of some conjoined bile duct and main pancreatic duct into lumen of some duodenum. C. Hemiliver located to the left of the main portal scissura. D. Organelle part which consists of nucleotides arranged linearly into three regions, DNA replication origin, centromere and telomere. Examples: nuclear chromosome, sex chromosome.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right lobe of liver,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma15809 1_1_m3u1vbuw,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal helper T cell proportion'?","A. An abnormal proportion of memory T cells compared to the total number of T cells in the blood. Memory T cells have previously encountered and responded to their cognate antigen and upon a repeated encounter with the antigen can mount a faster and stronger response. B. Presence of a predominant T cell clone. In PCR-based assays, this finding is inferred on the basis of one or two prominent bands within a valid size range. In NGS-based assays, this finding is inferred on the basis of a high number of reads that map to a single T cell receptor clone. C. Abnormal proportion of gamma-delta T cells relative to the total number of T cells. D. Abnormal proportion of helper T cells relative to the total number of T cells.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal helper T cell proportion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0500263 1_1_csjxfbti,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'calcareous ooze'?","A. Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. B. Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. C. Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. D. Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called ""red"" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,calcareous ooze,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000046 1_1_di6ufnk0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower fourth secondary premolar tooth'?","A. The premolar tooth of the lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 4. B. The premolar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 4. C. Often called the carnassial tooth, this tooth acts with its counterpart in the lower jaw (the 1st molar in that case) to slice food in a scissoring action.[MURDOCH:2142] D. The premolar tooth of the lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 3.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lower fourth secondary premolar tooth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_7500053 1_1_o2pkfrzg,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'resin cell'?","A. A plant epidermal cell that is part of a shoot axis epidermis . B. A plant epidermal cell that is part of a root epidermis . C. A plant epidermal cell that secretes plant resin , and may line resin canals and/or be associated with resin blisters (or cysts). D. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of epidermis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,resin cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025604 1_1_6lkiiy6i,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Standard'?","A. An observation collection is a container for a set of observations. B. A unit is a standard quantification for physical measurements. A unit is either a base unit, a composite unit, or a derived unit. C. A measurement is an assertion that a characteristic of an entity had a particular value with respect to an observation event. A measurement is comprised of a characteristic, a value, a measurement standard, and a protocol. Measurements can also have precision as well as a description of the methods used. Measurements can encapsulate characteristics that were recorded, but not necessarily measured in a physical sense. For example, the name of a location and a taxon can be captured through measurements. D. A standard defines a reference for comparing or naming entities via a measurement. A standard can be defined intentionally (e.g., as in the case of units) or extensionally (by listing the values of the standard, e.g., for color this might be red, blue, yellow, etc).",D,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Standard,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#Standard 1_1_y3x4sjwn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'female breast axillary tail cancer'?","A. A female breast cancer that is located_in the lower-outer qudrant of the breast. B. A female breast cancer that is located_in the breast tissue extending into the axilla. C. A female breast cancer that is located_in the upper-inner quadrant of the breast. D. A female breast cancer that is located_in the lower-inner quadrant of the breast.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,female breast axillary tail cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1650 1_1_ame9l6y2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Arcuate artery endoarterial lymphocyte hypercellularity'?","A. A type of arcuate artery endoarterial leukocyte hypercellularity due to the presence of increased numbers of neutrophils withinin the lumen of arcuate artery. B. A type of arcuate artery endoarterial leukocyte hypercellularity due to the presence of increased number of lymphocytes in the lumen of arcuate artery. C. A type of arcuate artery endoarterial leukocyte hypercellularity due to the presence of lipid-filled cells, often a macrophage, with a vacuolated appearance in arteriolar lumen. D. Arcuate artery endoarterial hypercellularity due to increased numbers of white blood cells (leukocytes).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Arcuate artery endoarterial lymphocyte hypercellularity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033930 1_1_wo0wqpdg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'grassland'?","A. A savanna or savannah is a tropical or subtropical woodland ecosystem. Savannas are characterised by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. It is often believed that savannas are characterized by widely spaced, scattered trees, however in many savanna communities tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forest communities. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall being confined to one season of the year. Savannas can be associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently seen as a transitional zone, occurring between forest regions and desert regions. B. Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and other herbaceous (non-woody) plants (forbs). Plants of the sedge (Cyperacae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be frequent in grasslands. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica, and in many other areas they have replaced the natural vegetation due to human influence. In temperate latitudes, such as north-west Europe, grasslands are dominated by perennial species, whereas in warmer climates annual species form a greater component of the vegetation. C. Montane is a biogeographic term which refers to highland areas located below the subalpine zone.[1] Montane regions generally have cooler temperatures and often have higher rainfall than the adjacent lowland regions, and are frequently home to distinct communities of plants and animals. [Wikipedia] D. A forest is an area with a high density of trees. There are many definitions of a forest, based on various criteria. These plant communities cover large areas of the globe and function as habitats for organisms, hydrologic flow modulators, and soil conservers, constituting one of the most important aspects of the Earth's biosphere.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,grassland,http://sweetontology.net/realmBiolBiome/Grassland 1_1_71uuqhzq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Agi4x44PreProcess'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Agi4x44PreProcess,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000027 1_1_1vutb9cw,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GACK'?","A. Versarray ChipReader systems are highly sensitive laser confocal systems designed for rapid imaging of microarrays. These are advanced scanners that meet your expectations, differentiating between a spot response and background level, and optimizing the signal on the bottom as well as the top end of the range for increased sensitivity. Results with versarray chipreader systems have a low background, enhanced weak signal detection, and virtually no photobleaching for a long dye lifetime. B. SupernovoTM is a unique, hands-free solution for end-to-end de novo sequencing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), enabling high throughput protein discovery. C. Dynamically chooses cutoffs for grouping into present/divergent genes based on the shape of the distribution. More resistant to variation in hybridization data than CCACK. D. Bioconductor is an open source and open development software project to provide tools for the analysis and comprehension of genomic data. Bioconductor is based primarily on the R programming language, but does contain contributions in other programming languages.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GACK,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100106 1_1_ndp6m0eu,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Achievement'?","A. Lucky describes an achievement that is awarded to the player in a lucky situation. An example of Lucky achievement would be winning in a lottery or throwing “Yahtzee” without re-rolling the dice. B. Achievement is a reward gained in a game due to some event accomplished in the game. Achievements are commonly used in game industry to reward players for having accomplished tasks in the game. This ontology defines various subclasses of Achievement, which are all based on the classification presented by Markus Montola et al. [Markus Montola, Timo Nummenmaa, Andrés Lucero, Marion Boberg, and Hannu Korhonen, 2009, “Applying game achievement systems to enhance user experience in a photo sharing service”, In Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era (MindTrek '09)] http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1621859 C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Paragon is a rare achievement that is given only to limited number of players. An example of Paragon achievement could be the first player to finish a game under 10 hours or the first ten players to complete the game 100% through.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Achievement,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Achievement 1_1_vudco0cb,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'obstetrician or gynecologist'?","A. Provide medical care related to pregnancy or childbirth. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases of women, particularly those affecting the reproductive system. May also provide general care to women. May perform both medical and gynecological surgery functions. B. All physicians not listed separately. C. Apply remote sensing principles and methods to analyze data and solve problems in areas such as natural resource management, urban planning, or homeland security. May develop new sensor systems, analytical techniques, or new applications for existing systems. D. Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,obstetrician or gynecologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29121800 1_1_m26b8va9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovarian clear cell malignant adenofibroma'?","A. An ovarian cancer that is characterized by low beta-hCG levels and is has_material_basis_in glandular and fibrous tissues, with a relatively large proportion of glands. B. An embryonal carcinoma that is located_in the ovary. C. An ovarian cancer that has_material_basis_in nuroendocrine cells. D. An ovarian cancer that is characterized by cystic structure.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ovarian clear cell malignant adenofibroma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6554 1_1_3oxr79zx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mangrove island'?","A. An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. B. An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. C. An island that lies in a lake. D. An island which is small, principally composed of rock, and usually too small for human habitation.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mangrove island,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000103 1_1_ts4ae2xa,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:231'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:231,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000082 1_1_r0f1v06s,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'purines'?","A. A dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11E,13E,15Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 10 and 17 (the 10R,17S-stereoisomer). Protectin D1 is one of the specialised proresolving mediators. When produced in neural tissues, it is called neuroprotectin D1 B. Any nucleotide that has a purine nucleobase. C. A class of imidazopyrimidines that consists of purine and its substituted derivatives. D. A nucleoside bisphosphate that has a purine nucleobase.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,purines,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26401 1_1_tq7lxw7g,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'woman who has sex with men and women'?","A. A woman who has convictions for driving under the influence. B. Female persons who engage in sexual activity with men and women, regardless of how they identify themselves. C. A person whose identity is female, based on societal and cultural conceptualizations of being female, usually (but not always) reflected by specific anatomical variations, chromosome combinations, and/or sex hormones. D. Women who engage in sexual activity with men, regardless of how they identify themselves.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,woman who has sex with men and women,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001188 1_1_z2dnk7pp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 4'?","A. 4th digit of the hind autopod. B. A digit that is part of a digit 4 plus metapodial segment. C. 4th digit of the manus. D. 3rd digit of the manus.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,manual digit 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003624 1_1_qpvjs4tu,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Purchase'?","A. This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more different instances of E39 Actor, where the transferring party is completely compensated by the payment of a monetary amount. In more detail, a purchase agreement establishes a fixed monetary obligation at its initialization on the receiving party, to the giving party. An instance of E96 Purchase begins with the contract or equivalent agreement and ends with the fulfilment of all contractual obligations. In the case that the activity is abandoned before both parties have fulfilled these obligations, the activity is not regarded as an instance of E96 Purchase. This class is a very specific case of the much more complex social business practices of exchange of goods and the creation and satisfaction of related social obligations. Purchase activities which define individual sales prices per object can be modelled by instantiating E96 Purchase for each object individually and as part of an overall instance of E96 Purchase transaction.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor. The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of rights. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of ownership 2. the end of ownership 3. the transfer of ownership 4. the acquisition from an unknown source 5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example, by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of “accession” differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E96 Purchase,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E96_Purchase 1_1_69t6kswv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'long QT syndrome 12'?","A. A long QT syndrome that has_material_basis_in dominant inheritance of mutation in the SNTA1 gene on chromosome 20q11.21. B. A long QT syndrome that has_material_basis_in dominant inheritance of mutation in the KCNQ1 gene on chromosome 11p15.5-p15.4. C. A long QT syndrome that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of a mutation in the KCNJ2 gene which disrupts the rhythm of the heart's lower chambers (ventricular arrhythmia) and results_in an unusually small lower jaw (micrognathia), low-set ears, and an abnormal curvature of the fingers called clinodactyly. D. A long QT syndrome characterized by perinatal onset of markedly prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval, 2:1 atrioventricular (AV) block, and bradycardia or ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes) that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the CALM3 gene on chromosome 19q13.32. Syncope, cardiac arrest, and sudden death are common.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,long QT syndrome 12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110653 1_1_y1kt5rna,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'NAN 190'?","A. A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position. B. An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of (2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in which the amine hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(2-phthalimido)butyl group. C. An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-[2-(1,3-dihydro-2-oxobenzimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]piperazine in which the remaining amino proton is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A multifunctional serotonin agonist and antagonist which is used for the treatment of pre-menopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. D. An N-alkylpiperazine that is butane which is substituted by a 3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl group at positions 2 and 3. The meso isomer.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,NAN 190,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64131 1_1_0nop0di8,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior inferior renal segment of left kidney'?","A. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental renal artery. B. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental branch of right renal artery. C. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid anteroseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 7 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. D. Renal segment supplied by the anterior inferior segmental branch of left renal artery.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior inferior renal segment of left kidney,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma17903 1_1_q98nmy9r,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'mid rosette growth stage'?","A. Stage at which rosette no longer increases in diameter, its leaf growth and expansion having ceased. B. Rosette has reached approximately 70% of its final diameter. C. Rosette has reached approximately 50% of its final diameter. D. Rosette has reached approximately 20% of its final diameter.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,mid rosette growth stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007068 1_1_e4emspa6,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'tibial artery'?","A. The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]. B. An artery that supplies the spleen. C. The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and pes. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot. D. Any of several small branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the trigeminal ganglion and the walls of the cavernous and petrosal sinuses.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,tibial artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007610 1_1_acisiix3,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Synovial tendon sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, passing into some hand on the medial side of some wrist. B. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. C. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some flexor pollicis longus muscle, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. D. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor policis longus muscle, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Synovial tendon sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma40867 1_1_dzrr6x8t,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to chemical pain'?","A. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. B. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus. D. Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to chemical pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061366 1_1_77xlq4rm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Neurovascular bundle'?","A. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some alveolalatal region that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. B. Organ subdivision cluster which consists of nerves, lymphatic vessels, arteries and/or veins. C. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some internal nose that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. D. Organ part cluster, which consists of some members of two or more organ subdivision subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, neurovascular bundle, renal pedicle, fascia of back.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Neurovascular bundle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32419 1_1_tclmfwcl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'FL.02 1/2 of flowers open stage'?","A. The stage at which 1/2 of flowers open. B. The stage at which flowering is complete. C. A sporophyte reproductive stage during which a flower on a whole plant is open. D. The stage at which 1/4 of flowers open.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,FL.02 1/2 of flowers open stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007053 1_1_sz5vu8ie,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryo root'?","A. A root that is initiated in a developing plant embryo . B. A root that forms one or more clusters of closely spaced lateral roots of limited growth along its length. C. A root that develops from a lateral root primordium that is part of another root on the same plant. D. An embryo root formed within the scutellar node of the plant embryo in some monocotyledonous plants.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,embryo root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000045 1_1_rl7sm09d,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Body of hyoid bone'?","A. Tract of brain, each instance of which is a collection of some corticospinal and cortibulbar nerve fibers that crossover at the level of the pyramids in some medulla oblongata; it is a collection of some upper motor neuron fibers which go to some spinal cord (corticospinal) or some brainstem (corticobulbar) and control the motor function of some body. B. Zone of hyoid bone, each instance of which is the central part of some hyoid bone. C. Subdivision of skeletal system of lower limb, each instance of which has as its direct parts some instance of hip bone, obturator membrane, sacro-iliac joint, sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament. D. Tract of diencephalon, each instance of which a bundle of nerve fibers arising in some habenular nuclei and extending rostroventrally to the interpeduncular nucleus to relay fibers to the reticular formation of some mesencephalon.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Body of hyoid bone,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59495 1_1_0zi1391u,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,ventricular cardiac muscle tissue development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003229 1_1_9pnrlvg0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'NIRS GProt- Measurement'?","A. Record shelled cob field weight. B. Shell the grains (kernels) from the ears harvested per plot and record fresh (field) weight. C. Standard method for osmotic potential. D. NIRS method for whole-grain protein content.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,NIRS GProt- Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000965 1_1_fww6seg7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunodeficiency 40'?","A. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is characterized by recurrent infections associated with lymphoproliferation and autoinflammation in the first decade of life and that has_material_basis_in hemizygous mutation in the TLR8 gene on chromosome Xp22. B. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency characterized by reduced T-cell number and function, with variable defects in B-cell and NK-cell function resulting in onset in early childhood of invasive bacterial and viral infections that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DOCK2 gene on chromosome 5q35.1. C. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency characterized by variably decreased immunoglobulin production, decreased T-regulatory cells, overall impaired lymphocyte maturation, inflammatory bowel disease and recurrent sinopulmonary infections that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the BACH2 gene on chromosome 6q15. D. A combined T cell and B cell immunodeficiency that is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PNP gene and characterized mainly by decreased T-cell function.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunodeficiency 40,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111951 1_1_5g6r7y5m,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'simple leaf'?","A. A vascular leaf , borne on the stem . B. A vascular leaf that has increased activity of either the adaxial or abaxial meristem early in development, leading to absence of the opposite surface on the mature leaf. C. A leaf near the apex of a stem that is still rolled into a cylinder. D. A leaf in which the lamina is undivided.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,simple leaf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020042 1_1_wnmmjq3e,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspyridone B. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine-containing compound, i.e. any compound that contains pyridine or a formal derivative thereof. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphinothricin. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanophenazine.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,pyridine-containing compound biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072525 1_1_hr08sc48,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '7,4'-di-O-galloyltricetiflavan'?","A. A diester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' of 3',4',5',5,7-pentahydroxyflavan. Isolated from the leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia, it exhibits antiviral activity. B. A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties. C. A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. D. A ellagitannin isolated from the stem bark of Macaranga barteri and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"7,4'-di-O-galloyltricetiflavan",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65944 1_1_ycaw2uh8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'therapeutic procedure'?","A. The process of allaying nervous excitement or the state of being calmed. (Taber's) B. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. C. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process D. A broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviorism.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,therapeutic procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000112 1_1_2esvfuvn,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'GJ14'?","A. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-tyrosine with the amino group of L-methionine. B. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-serine with the amino group of L-threonine. C. A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-valine residues. D. A dipeptide resulting from the formal coupling of the carboxy group of N(2)-(diphenylacetyl)-D-arginine with the alpha-amino group of D-2-phenylglycinamide.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,GJ14,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140979 1_1_5qj2nteo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'zeugopodial skeleton'?","A. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate[GO]. B. It extends to the tip of the metanephric loop of Henle[GO]. C. The area of the white pulp where the affinity maturation of B cells and the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells occur. D. Section of the forelimb skeleton located between the stylopodium and the autopodium.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,zeugopodial skeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011584 1_1_ylth2f2x,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tuber shape'?","A. The number of seeds produced per berry B. The shape of the tuber C. The secondary color of the tuber flesh D. The secondary color distribution of the sprout",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Tuber shape,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000099 1_1_rkxcsiyf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'phyllome guard cell'?","A. A root that is radially enlarged relative to other lateral roots or shoot-borne roots on the same plant, but not as enlarged as a tuberous root tuber . B. A guard cell that is part of a phyllome stomatal complex. C. A phyllome guard cell that is part of a leaf stomatal complex. D. A shoot epidermal cell that is one of a pair of cells flanking the stomatal pore .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,phyllome guard cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025236 1_1_pzoxrg48,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stylohyoid ligament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a vertical fibroelastic aponeurotic cord attached superiorly to the tip of the styloid process of some temporal bone and inferiorly to the lesser horn of some hyoid bone. B. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a band of fibers extending from superior part of superior border of some lateral pterygoid plate to spine ofsome sphenoid bone. C. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula. D. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous cord of connective tissue that attaches some triceps sura and plantaris muscles to the tuberosity of some calcaneus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Stylohyoid ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72308 1_1_2ka8wv53,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'tetracosan-10-ol'?","A. A secondary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6. B. A secondary fatty alcohol that is tetracosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10. C. A secondary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. D. A secondary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,tetracosan-10-ol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_205585 1_1_5bqoi2tj,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'neomycin B sulfate'?","A. The aminoglycoside sulfate salt that is the sulfate salt of neomycin B; a component of neomycin sulfate. B. An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. C. An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the reaction of ribostamycin with sulfuric acid. D. The aminoglycoside sulfate salt that is the sulfate salt of neomycin C; a component of neomycin sulfate.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,neomycin B sulfate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53636 1_1_z7jkwwtm,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(-)-Tau-muurolol'?","A. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hydroxy(diphenyl)acetic acid with the hydroxy group of (3-endo,8-syn)-8-(2-fluoroethyl)-3-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. Its bromide salt is used as a drug for the treatment asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. B. A sesquiterpenoid isolated from the sponge Dysidea sp. that is 5-amino-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1,2,4a,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl group and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-sulfoethyl group. Dysidine selectively inhibits human synovial phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) with an IC50 = 2.0 muM. C. A cadinane sesquiterpenoid that consists of 4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene having a hydroxy substituent at position 1 and (1S,4S,4aR,8aS)-configuration. D. A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(-)-Tau-muurolol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132906 1_1_o6j5ntqr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'advection fog'?","A. A natural fog contaminated by industrial pollutants, a mixture of smoke and fog. B. A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area. C. A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. D. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,advection fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/AdvectionFog 1_1_9ev8nnbz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'flight attendant'?","A. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul small engines used to power lawn mowers, chain saws, recreational sporting equipment, and related equipment. B. Manually move freight, stock, luggage, or other materials, or perform other general labor. Includes all manual laborers not elsewhere classified. C. Monitor safety of the aircraft cabin. Provide services to airline passengers, explain safety information, serve food and beverages, and respond to emergency incidents. D. Apply blocks, strips, or sheets of shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings to floors.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,flight attendant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53203100 1_1_awohrdwt,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'newspaper'?","A. All newspapers are either broadsheets or tabloids. B. A newspaper. Broadsheets are usually considered to be more ""high-brow"" than tabloids. C. A newspaper. Tabloids are usually thought of as more ""down-market"" than broadsheets. D. A vegetarian is defined as an animal that eats no other animals, or parts of animals.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,newspaper,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#newspaper 1_1_3ih469wy,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'canonical happy voice utterance'?","A. Voice utterance characteristically associated with the experience of happiness. B. The vocal utterances associated with the characteristic sound of an emotion. Obviously, any particular emotional instance may be associated with a great variety of different types of voice utterances or no voice utterances at all. However, ""canonical"" or characteristic voice utterances can be associated with core emotions. C. Vocal utterances canonically associated with the experience of anger D. Voice utterance canonically associated with the experience of surprise",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,canonical happy voice utterance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000187 1_1_9agjzd9e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'luteolin 3'-O-glucuronide'?","A. A luteolin glucosiduronic acid consisting of luteolin having a beta-D-glucosiduronic acid residue attached at the 3'-position. B. The glycosyloxyflavone resulting from the condensation of the hydroxy group at position 7 of luteolin with the 1 position of 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. C. A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a 6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via glycosidic linkage. D. A trihydroxyflavone that is galangin substituted by a prenyl group at position 8.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,luteolin 3'-O-glucuronide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75726 1_1_dzsq3lmp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'kidney lipoma'?","A. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. B. A kidney benign neoplasm that encompasses cystic nephroma and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma. C. A lipoma that is located in the kidney. D. A kidney benign neoplasm that is located_in the kidney cortex.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,kidney lipoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10194 1_1_860xhoy6,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'toxic labyrinthitis'?","A. A labyrinthitis which is an infectious inflammatory disease of a circumscribed area of either the vestibular or the cochlear portion of the labyrinth, or of both together. This is caused by a chronic suppurative otitis media, mastoiditis, or cholesteatoma. B. A labyrinthitits in which bacterial toxins invade the inner ear. It is the most common complication of acute or chronic middle ear infections. C. A labyrinthitis induced by alcohol, drug ingestion, or occasionally, inhaled substances that are toxic to the inner ear. Drugs like aminoglycosides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, acetylsalicyclic acid, amiodarone, quinine, cisplatinum, barbiturates, quinine, anti-Alzheimer's medications, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and anxiolytics can be ototoxic. D. A labyrinthitis which involves viral infection of the inner ear through the upper airway or the blood stream. The symptoms may include hearing loss and ringing in the ears. If the virus reaches the vestibular system, dizziness, severe vertigo with nausea and vomiting, and imbalance can occur.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,toxic labyrinthitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14081 1_1_i17p44ul,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fetal scalp mass'?","A. A structural anomaly in the fetal head region. Terms in this subhierarchy are restricted to findings that can only be observed in the prenatal period. Other HPO terms can also be used to describe fetal phenotypes. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production contributing to an immune response. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates. D. An abnormal growth (lump) of tissue that projects from the fetal scalp.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fetal scalp mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034246 1_1_8r17idnq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric capsule specification'?","A. The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis of a nephron in the metanephros. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from the center of the kidney (proximal end) outward (distal end). B. The regionalization process in which the identity of the metanephric capsule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized. C. Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the metanephros to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. D. The process in which the tubules arranged along the proximal/distal axis of the metanephric nephron acquire their identity.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,metanephric capsule specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072267 1_1_5c3abohp,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'person'?","A. The physical copy of any manifestation, such as a sheet of paper on a desk or file stored somewhere in some computer on the net or disconnected. E.g.: the file called act32005.pdf on my computer containing a PDF representation of act 3, 2005. B. A real human being, regardless whether he/she is alive or deceased, named or unnamed. For fictional person, see the class concept. E.g.: John Doe, the person with ID RSSMRA72H12L116B. C. Anything concrete (i.e. made of atoms) that can be referred to but that does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: a pen, a pet, a building. D. Any version of a FRBR Work whose content is specified and different from others for any reason: language, versions, etc. E.g.: act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006.",B,1_1,legal/allot,person,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Person 1_1_xr0i9hnp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'central root cap of primary root'?","A. A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is the central part of a root cap in which the cells are arranged in longitudinal files. B. A central root cap that is part of a root cap of primary root. C. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of indeterminate, first order inflorescence axes and sessile, unisexual flowers that are each subtended by conspicuous inflorescence bracts . D. A central root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,central root cap of primary root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0003021 1_1_0bdmgxev,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Smith-McCort dysplasia 2'?","A. A Smith-McCort dysplasia that is characterized by short limbs and a short trunk with a barrel-shaped chest and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DYM gene (607461) on chromosome 18q21. B. A Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen disease that is characterized by short limbs and a short trunk with a barrel-shaped chest. C. A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. D. A Smith-McCort dysplasia that is characterized by short trunk dwarfism with a barrel-shaped chest, rhizomelic limb shortening and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RAB33B gene on chromosome 4q31.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Smith-McCort dysplasia 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081271 1_1_nx0khk51,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'EEG with generalized slow activity grade 1'?","A. Non-continuous diffuse slowing of electroencephalographic patterns. B. Slowing at frequencies between 7.5 and 8.5 Hz. C. Generalized slowing of EEG activity at frequencies between 4-7 Hz. D. Diffuse slowing of cerebral electrical activity recorded along the scalp by electroencephalography (EEG).",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,EEG with generalized slow activity grade 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011206 1_1_23a6ovbm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'inversion'?","A. In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle. The moving fluid creates a space devoid of downstream-flowing water on the downstream side of the object. Fluid behind the obstacle flows into the void creating a swirl of fluid on each edge of the obstacle, followed by a short reverse flow of fluid behind the obstacle flowing upstream, toward the back of the obstacle. This phenomenon is most visible behind large emergent rocks in swift-flowing rivers. B. Irregular fluctuations occurring in fluid motions. C. A temperature inversion (temperature rising with height) in the atmosphere, encountered upon vertical ascent through a sloping front (or frontal zone). D. In meteorology, a departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric quantity; also, the layer through which this departure occurs (the inversion layer), or the lowest altitude at which the departure is found (the base of the inversion).",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,inversion,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidInstability/Inversion 1_1_c3lm8zhx,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response'?","A. A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. B. A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. C. A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response. D. A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002269 1_1_t9odf6dw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hunterian perforator'?","A. Tract of neuraxis, each instance of which is a group of nerve fibers in the anterior funiculus of some spinal cord, originating in some cerebral cortex. B. Trunk of brachial nerve plexus, each instance of which is formed by the anterior rami of some fifth and sixth cervical nerves; its anterior division contributes to form some lateral cord and its posterior division contributes to form some posterior cord. C. Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle, modified sebaceous glands and papillary part of lactiferous duct. D. This vein connects the great saphenous vein with a femoral vein. It is placed above the posterior crural arch vein. It interconnects the great saphenous vein with femoral vein and is placed at the lower or intermediate 1/3 of thigh.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Hunterian perforator,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44965 1_1_4mt41u0b,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'partial remission'?","A. The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process. B. A remission which is characterized by a prolonged lack of some manifestations of a disease C. A disease stage which is characterized by the lack of a manifestation of a disease D. A remission which is characterized by a prolonged lack of all manifestations of a disease",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,partial remission,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000121 1_1_86t25kab,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Patchy sclerosis of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger'?","A. Curved appearance of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger. B. Uneven (irregular) increase in bone density of one or more of the middle phalanges of the hand. C. Uneven (irregular) increase in bone density of the distal phalanx of the second finger. D. Uneven (irregular) increase in bone density of the middle phalanx of the second finger.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Patchy sclerosis of the middle phalanx of the 2nd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009573 1_1_2ampqjlw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'white denial'?","A. Any of various defensive responses by white people to discussions of societal discrimination, structural racism, and white privilege. It can also find expression in response to the historical analysis of the Atlantic slave trade and European colonization, or the present-day legacy of these systems in modern society. B. A phenomenon where white people may obstruct dialogue regarding race-based discrimination, or otherwise block acknowledgement of these factors in society. This proposed form of white defensiveness can seek to reorientate blame towards people of color and Indigenous peoples. C. Defensiveness or general discomfort experienced by a white person or white people when confronted with information concerning racial inequality and injustice. D. A form of white defensiveness which can find expression in the claim that racism simply doesn't exist or in the suggestion that slavery in the United States was a benign system or even had a civilizing effect on African Americans.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,white denial,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008994 1_1_6lkfhv3z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'bouguer law'?","A. A relationship between radar reflectivity factor Z (mm6 m-3) and rain rate R (mm h-1). B. Attenuation of a beam of light by an optically homogeneous (transparent) medium. C. A law describing the relationship of the horizontal wind direction in the atmosphere to the pressure distribution. D. A heterogeneous or conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual stones that have become cemented together. Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts.[1] Both conglomerates and breccias are characterized by clasts larger than sand (>2 mm). [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,bouguer law,http://sweetontology.net/reprSciLaw/BouguerLaw 1_1_s02f41rf,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organooxygen compound'?","A. Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. B. Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). C. An amide of a carboxylic acid, having the structure RC(=O)NR2. The term is used as a suffix in systematic name formation to denote the -C(=O)NH2 group including its carbon atom. D. An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organooxygen compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36963 1_1_ch4o0lze,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'ELng - Measurement'?","A. Measure, when applicable, ear length of at least 20 representative plants per accession, record the data in the fieldbook. B. Measure on the same 10 grains used for taking grain length measurement. C. Standard method for oil content D. Standard method for water index.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,ELng - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000349 1_1_fp7nlqwx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ribbon lake'?","A. A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. B. A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. C. A lake with medium nutrient levels, which allow moderate productivity. D. The deepest layer of water in such a lake typically does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ribbon lake,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000452 1_1_lnks3xb2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'volume depletion'?","A. Anemia (a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues) in patients with neoplasm (tumors) B. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body. C. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life D. A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (edema) with abnormal deposits of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormones.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,volume depletion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000488 1_1_d1jooy8b,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'ear peduncle'?","A. A gamete produced by an archegonium or an embryo sac . B. A peduncle of a maize ear, below the lowest ear node. C. A peduncle of a maize tassel, below the lowest tassel node. D. A shoot axis that extends from the last foliage leaf on a stem or branch until the next distal node.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,ear peduncle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006418 1_1_75uso1nj,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sex educator'?","A. A group of islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, off the southeastern coast of China north of the Philippines. B. Professionals who plan, organize and direct health education programs for the individual, groups and the community. C. A person who is known for lecturing about, writing about, or otherwise contributing to sex education. D. A lesbian who is Protestant.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sex educator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005812 1_1_kkquvcc9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fanconi anemia complementation group O'?","A. A Fanconi anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the RAD51C gene on chromosome 17q21-q24. B. A Fanconi anemia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the FANCB gene on chromosome Xp22. C. A Fanconi anemia that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous or homozygous mutation in the FANCD2 gene on chromosome 3p25. D. A Fanconi anemia characterized by increased chromosomal instability, progressive bone marrow failure and in some cases skeletal abnormalities that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SLX4 gene on chromosome 16p13.3.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Fanconi anemia complementation group O,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111096 1_1_vttnl78u,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 66'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first days or weeks of life of seizures, global developmental delay with hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic features or ophthalmologic defects that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PACS2 gene on chromosome 14q32. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of seizures in the first year of life and mild to moderate impaired intellectual development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GABRA1 gene on chromosome 5q34. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months or years of life of refractory seizures, severely impaired global development, impaired intellectual development, absent speech, and inability to walk that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the UGDH gene on chromosome 4p14. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by delayed psychomotor development, early-onset refractory seizures, and impaired intellectual development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the ATP6V1A gene on chromosome 3q13.31.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 66,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080446 1_1_gzhxx4qv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute and chronic respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxia or hypercapnia'?","A. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute); can be with hypoxia (too little oxygen) or hypercapnia (too much CO2, normal/low oxygen) B. An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. C. a condition that results in the inability to effectively exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen, and induces chronically low oxygen levels or chronically high carbon dioxide levels, unspecified which D. respiratory system is unable to function properly; is long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute)",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"acute and chronic respiratory failure, unspecified whether with hypoxia or hypercapnia",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000220 1_1_thnad7op,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Intercostal space'?","A. Space of compartment of trunk bounded by the upper and lower surfaces of two consecutive ribs. B. Pathway structure of neuraxis, each instance of which is a triangular neuronal pathway in some brain, connecting some dentate nucleus on one side with some red nucleus and olive on the other side. C. Subalare at the junction of left ala of nose and left upper lip proper. D. Parenchyma, each instance of which consists of some 30 to 50 small compound tubuloalveolar glands, with excretory ducts emptying into some prostatic urethra.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Intercostal space,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12243 1_1_cifmtkxu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cork plank uniformity protocol'?","A. Expert visual assessment for cork inner surface uniformity B. Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale C. Assessment of the date when shoots reached 40% of their final size (deducted a posteriori) D. Visual assessment with a reference scoring scale",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Cork plank uniformity protocol,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:2000053 1_1_rz9zwdq0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervix squamous epithelium'?","A. The second deepest layer of the stratified squamous epithelium lining the esophagus, positioned directly above the stratum basale. It consists of multiple layers of keratinocytes connected by strong intercellular junctions called desmosomes, giving the cells a characteristic ""spiny"" appearance. This layer provides structural support, contributes to the epithelial barrier function, and serves as a transitional zone for keratinocytes migrating towards the luminal surface, playing a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and protective properties of the esophageal lining. B. Stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesizes but does not accumulate keratin. Examples: epithelium of vagina, epithelium of wall of esophagus. C. The squamous epithelium of the cervical portio is similar to that of the vagina, except that it is generally smooth and lacks rete pegs. Colposcopically, it appears featureless except for a fine network of vessels which is sometimes visible. The relative opacity and pale pink coloration of the squamous epithelium derives from its multi-layered histology and the location of its supporting vessels below the basement membrane. D. Region of cervical epithelium where columnar epithelium of endocervic and the stratified non-keratinising squamous epithelium of the ectocervic meet.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cervix squamous epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006922 1_1_dml7br4j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tubercle of upper lip'?","A. Region of phultrum, each instance of which is the central prominence of the superior border between the skin and the mucous membrane of some upper lip, marking the distal termination of some philtrum. B. Skull groove, each instance of which is some groove continuous across some temporal and occipital bones, lodging some inferior petrosal sinus. C. subdivision of cardinal body part, each instance of which is a regional part of some neck. Examples: front of neck, back of neck, throat. D. Cavity of atrium which is surrounded by the wall of left atrium and is continuous with the lumen of the pulmonary vein.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Tubercle of upper lip,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59829 1_1_thvhuu9b,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrioventricular node'?","A. Tissue component of lamellar bone, each instance of which is dense and hard. B. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which is located in the muscular part of the interatrial septum that is continuous with the atrioventricular bundle. C. Anatomical orifice which is anterior to vestibule of mouth; surrounded by vermilion complex. D. Subdivision of conducting system of heart at the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava, around the sinoatrial nodal branch of right coronary artery and is continuous with the internodal tract.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Atrioventricular node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9478 1_1_j8sovyoo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinitis pigmentosa 77'?","A. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_inhomozygous mutation in the CLCC1 gene on chromosome 1p13. B. A retinitis pigmentosa that is characterized by onset of symptoms in the fifth or sixth decade of life. C. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in mutation in the REEP6 gene on chromosome 19p13. D. A retinitis pigmentosa that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region Xp21.3-p21.2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,retinitis pigmentosa 77,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080350 1_1_9x4cf9ha,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Microsoft Excel 2007'?","A. Microsoft Excel 2003 is a spreadsheet editing and viewing tool. B. Nested Effects Models to reconstruct phenotypic hierarchies C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. Microsoft Excel 2007 is a spreadsheet editing and viewing tool.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Microsoft Excel 2007,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000004 1_1_rwj5xewo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'arteriole of anorectum'?","A. The blood vessels that branch from the kidney interlobular artery, convey blood to the glomerular capillaries, and play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. B. The smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries[GO]. C. An arteriole that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. D. An arteriole that is located in the anorectum.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,arteriole of anorectum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8410009 1_1_5qqr8tbn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ruling class'?","A. Lower class are those employed in low-paying wage jobs with very little economic security. The term ""lower class"" also refers to persons with low income. B. The social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, usually are the wealthiest members of society, and wield the greatest political power. C. The social class of a given society that decides upon and sets that society's political agenda. D. A class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy. However, it is oversimplification to consider this term as an easily identifiable category that falls between ""x"" and ""y"" on one specific, agreed-upon continuum with established criteria. The definition of the term ""middle class"" is highly political and vigorously contested by various schools of political and economic philosophy.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ruling class,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005485 1_1_f46ta4lm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'symbiont-mediated perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance'?","A. A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. B. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts opsonization by the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. D. Any process in which a symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,symbiont-mediated perturbation of host systemic acquired resistance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052160 1_1_2o6xzmra,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'barrier layer'?","A. The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the euphotic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity. B. The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from other zones. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. C. In oceanography, a Halocline is a strong, vertical salinity gradient. Because salinity (in concert with temperature) affects the density of seawater, it can play a role in its vertical stratification. D. The depth range, where it exists, between the bottom of the oceanic surface mixed layer and the thermocline, usually at a depth between 30 and 80 m.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,barrier layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/BarrierLayer 1_1_xmqz3g5l,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Furrowed tongue'?","A. Wasting of the tongue. B. Increased length and width of the tongue. C. Accentuation of the grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue. D. An anomaly of the tongue characterized by loss (atrophy) of filiform papillae of the tongue, leaving areas of erythema (redness), surrounded by a serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. The name geographic tongue refers to an appearance that is said to be similar to a map.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Furrowed tongue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000221 1_1_0ia6kox1,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'striated duct of salivary gland'?","A. The duct of a salivary gland. B. Gland duct which connects an intercalated duct to an interlobular duct in a salivary gland. C. The tiny tubules with a very thin epithelial layer in the salivary glands running from the salivary acini into the striated duct. D. A duct that is located within a lobule, with no more connective tissue intervening between ducts and secretory units (i.e., acini or tubules) than between adjacent secretory units. Intercalated and striated ducts are intralobular.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,striated duct of salivary gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014729 1_1_4dkrsrmo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'trabecular layer of ventricle'?","A. A myocardium trabecular layer that is part of a cardiac ventricle. B. Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. C. Missing definition for term UBERON:0005064. Please replace it using linked reference. D. The layer of the myocardium composed of projections of contractile myocytes. The trabecular layer is bounded internally by the endocardium. In zebrafish, unlike the trabeculations of higher vertebrates, both atrial and ventricular trabeculae have more strut-like character, and are more uniform without apparent regional differences[ZFA].",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,trabecular layer of ventricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004126 1_1_jdjokul7,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hd DS55 date Estimation'?","A. Record date of heading (DS55) when 50% of the spike is emerged (i.e., middle of the spike at the flag leaf ligule) on 50% of all stems. B. Standard method for FHB spike response. C. Standard method for herbicide damage. D. Standard method for stem strength.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Hd DS55 date Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000840 1_1_i9ks3t34,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'remote sensing technician'?","A. Plan and direct cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated properties for reuse. Does not include properties sufficiently contaminated to qualify as Superfund sites. B. Teach academic, social, and life skills to elementary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. C. Research, design, plan, or perform engineering duties in the prevention, control, and remediation of environmental hazards using various engineering disciplines. Work may include waste treatment, site remediation, or pollution control technology. D. Apply remote sensing technologies to assist scientists in areas such as natural resources, urban planning, or homeland security. May prepare flight plans or sensor configurations for flight trips.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,remote sensing technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_19409903 1_1_ka4ysa7w,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cortex'?","A. Organ component which is attached to the chorda tendinea and the fibrous rings of tricuspid and mitral valves. B. Organ component which is a part of a wall of an organ or a membranous layer of an organ. C. Organ component which has as its parts the cusp proper, lunule and nodule of semilunar valvule. D. Organ component, each instance of which is an outer layer or region of some organ.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cortex,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61109 1_1_8r0rgleu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'need for assistance at home and no other household member able to render care'?","A. the patient needs help living everyday life at home. B. Lack of familial support C. Continous supervision needed, problems related to care provider dependency D. problems related to dependency on health care providers",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,need for assistance at home and no other household member able to render care,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000399 1_1_fh0102y4,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxalate(1-)'?","A. A dicarboxylic acid dianion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups of oxalic acid. B. A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of oxalic acid. C. A dicarboxylic acid monoanion that is the conjugate base of adipic acid. D. A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,oxalate(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46904 1_1_w1a8ig6o,"In the ontology of Chemical Information, which of the following definitions best describes 'boiling point descriptor'?","A. Melting point descriptor specifies the temperature at which a chemical substance undergoes the transition from solid to liquid state under standard conditions. B. The boiling point descriptor indicates the temperature at which a chemical substance undergoes a state transition from liquid to gas, at standard conditions. C. From PATO. D. from PATO",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_information_ontology,boiling point descriptor,http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000257 1_1_n94mvx2f,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-hydroxy-D-valine'?","A. A D-valine derivative that is D-valine which carries a hydroxy group at position 4. B. Any non-proteinogenic amino acid carrying at least one halo group. C. Any alpha-amino acid which is not a member of the group of 23 proteinogenic amino acids. D. A non-proteinogenic amino-acid in which the amino group is located on the carbon atom at the position gamma to the carboxy group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-hydroxy-D-valine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_142413 1_1_qscfkd20,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pubertal stage'?","A. Developmental stage from 4 to 8 weeks. B. Developmental stage from 20 years and up. C. Developmental stage from 0 to 8 weeks. D. Developmental stage from 10 to 16 years.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pubertal stage,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0328423 1_1_zmztf3ev,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'AntDmg Estimation'?","A. Standard method for ant damage. B. Standard method for sawfly damage. C. Standard method for karnal bunt incidence. D. Standard method for southern blight response.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,AntDmg Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000305 1_1_jun6q37m,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'basal nuclear complex'?","A. The deep nuclei of telencephalic origin found in the basal region of the forebrain. B. An individual member of a collection of basal ganglia. Basal ganglia are subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF,modified]. C. A collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and is an important component of the ascending and descending auditory pathways of the auditory system. D. A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,basal nuclear complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006098 1_1_or9xfq3b,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'RdbiPgSQL'?","A. Provides methods for accessing data stored in PostgreSQL tables. B. A package to provide UUID values in R C. A multiscan is an R package for combining multiple scans D. ACME (Algorithms for Calculating Microarray Enrichment) is a set of tools for analysing tiling array ChIP/chip, DNAse hypersensitivity, or other experiments that result in regions of the genome showing ""enrichment"". It does not rely on a specific array technology (although the array should be a ""tiling"" array), is very general (can be applied in experiments resulting in regions of enrichment), and is very insensitive to array noise or normalization methods. It is also very fast and can be applied on whole-genome tiling array experiments quite easily with enough memory.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,RdbiPgSQL,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000354 1_1_fm3040lk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to aldosterone'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ketone stimulus. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aldosterone stimulus.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,response to aldosterone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904044 1_1_8g9chijf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bone of skull bone'?","A. Regular connective tissue, which consists of osteocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is ossified. Examples: woven bone, lamellar bone. B. Vitreous humor which constitutes the vitreous body proper of the eye. C. Bone tissue of bone organ of skull. D. Organ chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac atrium or ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Bone of skull bone,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284641 1_1_tl1i8fyg,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mathematical science teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Teach courses in health specialties, in fields such as dentistry, laboratory technology, medicine, pharmacy, public health, therapy, and veterinary medicine. B. Assist faculty or other instructional staff in postsecondary institutions by performing instructional support activities, such as developing teaching materials, leading discussion groups, preparing and giving examinations, and grading examinations or papers. C. Teach courses in business administration and management, such as accounting, finance, human resources, labor and industrial relations, marketing, and operations research. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses pertaining to mathematical concepts, statistics, and actuarial science and to the application of original and standardized mathematical techniques in solving specific problems and situations. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"mathematical science teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25102200 1_1_2astzulu,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'International_Agreement'?","A. In law, custom, or customary law consists of established patterns of behaviour that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. B. A treaty is a binding agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. Treaties are called by several names: treaties, international agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, exchanges of letters, exchanges of notes, etc. C. An agreement entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. D. A resolution is a written motion adopted by a deliberative body. The substance of the resolution can be anything that can normally be proposed as a motion.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,International_Agreement,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#International_Agreement 1_1_p32hiu9i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'lost tobacco smoker identity'?","A. An antagonist that binds to and deactivates cannabinoid receptors. B. A self-identity in which a person represents themselves as no longer having some positively appraised characteristic. C. A disposition of a manufactured cigarette to produce a quantity of tobacco particles in the smoke produced when tested in a smoking machine that is programmed to take puffs in a standard way. D. A lost self-identity in which the positively appraised past characteristic is that of being a tobacco smoker",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,lost tobacco smoker identity,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001169 1_1_9xxctzmn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'FieldML'?","A. XGMML stands for eXtensible Graph Markup and Modelling Language, and it is a XML standard; similar to but preferred over GML. B. FieldML is an XML-based language for describing time-varying and spatially-varying fields. The aims of the language design process are to keep the language concise, consistent, intuitive and flexible. C. Format of Taverna workflows. D. Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a machine-readable format for representing models. It's oriented towards describing systems where biological entities are involved in, and modified by, processes that occur over time.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,FieldML,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000075 1_1_rjo3lfhf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase level'?","A. Reduced level of the enzyme lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase. B. Absence of molybdenum cofactor(2-), a cofactor for enzymes including sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, and aldehyde oxidase. C. Abnormally reduced activity of mevalonate kinase, which is a key enzyme in the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway that leads to the synthesis of both cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. D. An abnormally elevated concentration of total tryptase (alpha and beta tryptase) in the blood circulation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025433 1_1_b44vnt8g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''BSgenome''?","A. topGO package provides tools for testing GO terms while accounting for the topology of the GO graph. Different test statistics and different methods for eliminating local similarities and dependencies between GO terms can be implemented and applied. B. EBImage is an R package which provides general purpose functionality for the reading, writing, processing and analysis of images. Furthermore, in the context of microscopy based cellular assays, EBImage offers tools to transform the images, segment cells and extract quantitative cellular descriptors. C. This document describes the process of forging a BSgenome data package. It is intended for Bioconductor users who want to make a new BSgenome data package D. Multivariate data analysis and graphical display of microarray data. Functions include between group analysis and coinertia analysis. It contains functions that require ADE4.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'BSgenome',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100037 1_1_12zo6bu8,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'wind energy operations manager'?","A. Build stone structures, such as piers, walls, and abutments. Lay walks, curbstones, or special types of masonry for vats, tanks, and floors. B. Select and fit hearing aids for customers. Administer and interpret tests of hearing. Assess hearing instrument efficacy. Take ear impressions and prepare, design, and modify ear molds. C. Manage wind field operations, including personnel, maintenance activities, financial activities, and planning. D. Plan and direct cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated properties for reuse. Does not include properties sufficiently contaminated to qualify as Superfund sites.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,wind energy operations manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11919909 1_1_ae2pgirz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PCpheno'?","A. Functions for computing and displaying sample size information for gene expression arrays. B. A package for plotting genomic data by chromosomal location C. Tools to integrate, annotate, and link phenotypes to cellular organizational units such as protein complexes and pathways. D. The splots package provides the plotScreen function for the visualization of for high-throughput assays in microtitre plate or chamber slide format.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PCpheno,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000316 1_1_t7mdfwby,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute promyelocytic leukemia'?","A. A myeloid leukemia that is characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. B. An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by rearrangement of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) gene. C. An acute myeloid leukemia characterized by accumulation of promyelocytes in the bone marrow and by a translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. D. An acute myeloid leukemia with mutation of the nucleophosmin gene. It is usually associated with normal karyotype and frequently has myelomonocytic or monocytic features.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute promyelocytic leukemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060318 1_1_inddpkrj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary desmoid disease'?","A. A disease characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality. B. A syndrome characterized by early-onset aortic aneurysm and dissection in hemizygous males and variable presentation from unaffected to fatal aortic dissection in heterozygous females, as well as facial dysmorphism, connective tissue anomalies, and features of Loeys-Dietz syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in BGN on chromosome Xq28. C. A syndrome characterized by extraintestinal manifestation of familial adenomatous polyposis that has_material_basis_in in some cases by extreme 3' mutation in APC on 5q22.2. D. A syndrome that is characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation and a characteristic facial appearance including but not limited to narrow or triangular shaped head, micrognathia, ptosis, a broad, wide-tipped nose, and wide-set eyes with drooping eyelids.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary desmoid disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111349 1_1_ho1dfll0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'work absence register'?","A. A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per day. B. A data item that is output from a statistical analysis describing a feature of a data set. C. A database documenting absence from work D. A data item that is the number of cigarettes that are sold in a packet of cigarettes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,work absence register,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000173 1_1_wt0y5tou,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lot'?","A. Class describing the multiannual contracts (i.e. contract whose duration extends over more than one financial year). B. Class describing contracts that are an actual lot of another contract. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. D. Class describing contracts derived from a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system.",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Lot,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#Lot 1_1_c1yj65ff,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'zombie turbulence'?","A. The region of turbulence immediately to the rear of a solid body in motion relative to a fluid B. The turbulent perturbations of temperature remaining in a stable boundary layer after all turbulent motions have died out. C. Turbulence produced by shear flow. D. Irregular fluctuations occurring in fluid motions.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,zombie turbulence,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidInstability/ZombieTurbulence 1_1_f3zvayz0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'MHC class Ib receptor activity'?","A. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a renal capsule from unspecified parts. The renal capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. During development, it comprises a single layer of flattened cells that lie just above the cortical stroma and the condensed mesenchyme of the nephrogenic zone. It is in this region that the early stages of nephron induction and formation of new generations ureteric bud branches occur, as the kidney expands. B. A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells. C. Combining with an MHC class Ib protein complex and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families. D. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart rudiment.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,MHC class Ib receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032394 1_1_7y2mxlq7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis'?","A. A calcium metabolism disease that is the result of the formation of calcium deposits in any soft tissue. B. A calcinosis that is characterized by massive periarticular, and seldom visceral, deposition of calcified tumors. C. A calcinosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of elevated blood calcium levels and calcium phosphate crystals in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues that has_material_basis_in mutation in the GALNT3 gene, the FGF23 gene, or the KL gene. D. A calcinosis that is the calcification or a bony hardening of ligaments in areas where they attach to your spine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,normophosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080170 1_1_5mill3zz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'procambium histogenesis'?","A. The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue. B. The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues. C. The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,procambium histogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010067 1_1_fhgsnf9h,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'transitional myocyte of atrial part of atrioventricular bundle'?","A. A transitional myocyte that is part of the right branch of atrioventricular bundle. B. A transitional myocyte that is part of the left branch of atrioventricular bundle. C. A transitional myocyte that is part of the atrial part of atrioventricular bundle. D. A transitional myocyte that is part of the atrioventricular bundle.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,transitional myocyte of atrial part of atrioventricular bundle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000372 1_1_f30s8xgg,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'GNUp Computation'?","A. Calculated with final biomass obtained /days to maturity. B. Calculated as the deviation from the yield-protein linear regression. C. Calculated as total amount of Nitrogen in the grain at harvest. D. Calculated as above ground biomass Nitrogen content divided by soil Nitrogen",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,GNUp Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0001683 1_1_o4c1m6tr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'snoRNP binding'?","A. Binding to a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle. B. Binding to a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle. C. Binding to a box H/ACA snoRNP complex. D. Binding to a complex of RNA and protein.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,snoRNP binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030519 1_1_uxd8orba,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'GABBR1'?","A. A person who does not suffer from opioid use disorder but who, by virtue of his or her personal qualities or environment, has an elevated probability of developing opioid use disorder in the future. B. A person with a clinical status that indicates the person is living with COPD. C. A person who was a tobacco smoker in the past but who is not currently a tobacco smoker. D. A protein coding gene in humans.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,GABBR1,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001035 1_1_t496lr5m,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 5 chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease'?","A. Chronic, irreversible renal failure. B. A disease that causes moderate kidney damage. A person is more likely to develop complications of kidney disease such as high blood pressure, anemia, and/or early bone disease. C. Hypertension (Elevated blood pressure) in patients with stage 5 kidney disease or end stage renal disease D. Chronic, irreversible renal failure.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 5 chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000385 1_1_tjntpjtu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gay male-related music'?","A. Media pertaining especially to gay men and/or gay male culture. B. Any of various video games which feature gay male characters as playable characters, as major characters essential to advancing the plot, or gameplay explorations of male homosexuality. C. Music pertaining especially to gay men and/or gay male culture. D. Music pertaining especially to lesbians and/or lesbian culture.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gay male-related music,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004314 1_1_d5d1fqo9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'outer vascular cambium'?","A. A vascular cambium that is part of a shoot axis . B. A portion of vascular cambium that develops from cells in an interfascicular region that is part of a shoot system . C. A portion of vascular cambium that develops from a procambium in a vascular bundle that is part of a shoot system . D. Cambium at the outer margin of the xylem cylinder.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,outer vascular cambium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004522 1_1_wduhnbl7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Polyclonal elevated circulating IgE concentration'?","A. A heterogeneous increase in IgE mmunoglobulins characterized by a diffuse band on serum electrophoresis. B. An increase in circulating IgE characterized by two or more bands in serum electrophoresis but not the broad diffuse band that characterizes a polyclonal increase in circulating immunoglobulins. C. An increase in circulating IgE characterized by one predominant band in serum electrophoresis but not the broad diffuse band that characterizes a polyclonal increase in circulating immunoglobulins. D. An abnormally increased overall level of immunoglobulin E in blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Polyclonal elevated circulating IgE concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032339 1_1_qj7lreh9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'omodysplasia 2'?","A. An omodysplasia that is characterized by severe congenital micromelia with shortening and distal tapering of the humeri and femora to give a club-like appearance and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GPC6 gene on chromosome 13q32. B. A familial nephrotic syndrome characterized by early childhood onset of steroid-resistant progressive renal failure with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the NUP93 gene on chromosome 16q13. C. An osteochondrodysplasia that is characterized by severe limb shortening and facial dysmorphism. D. An omodysplasia that is characterized by shortened humeri, dislocated radial heads, shortened first metacarpals, craniofacial dysmorphism, and variable genitourinary anomalies and that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FZD2 gene on chromosome 17q21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,omodysplasia 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080845 1_1_o4fuct5d,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'apple cider (alcoholic)'?","A. A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant. B. Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. C. Cider, hard apple cider, or hard cider in the US, is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. D. A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,apple cider (alcoholic),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001276 1_1_k993gd98,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'gametophore axillary hair basal cell'?","A. A trichome cell that is part of a base of an axillary hair . B. An ear inflorescence axillary meristem that produces two ear spikelet meristems , each of which produces two flower meristems in an ear inflorescence . C. A plant structure that is the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels (gynoecium; PO:0009062) and encloses the plant ovule(s) . D. An axillary hair basal cell that is part of a gametophore axillary hair base.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,gametophore axillary hair basal cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030064 1_1_3l9knuqc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'vein of abdomen'?","A. One of the branches of the splenic artery[MP]. B. A vein that is part of a abdomen. C. A vein that drains the adrenal gland. D. A vein that is part of a vermiform appendix.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,vein of abdomen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013126 1_1_yiuduy8t,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Segment of peritoneal sac'?","A. Organ segment which is regional part of scaphoid proper. Examples: There are only two scaphoid proper, left and right scaphoid proper. B. Organ segment which is regional part of accessory parotid gland. Examples: duct tree of accessory parotid gland, duct of accessory parotid gland. C. Organ segment which is regional part of ureter. Examples: abdominal part of ureter, renal pelvis, major calyx. D. Organ segment which is regional part of coracclavicular ligament. Examples:",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Segment of peritoneal sac,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma16514 1_1_819uutsk,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of toluene catabolic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xylose catabolic process to ethanol. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toluene catabolic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of N-acetylmuramic acid catabolic process.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of toluene catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901436 1_1_wrrp57tb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate. B. Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: myo-inositol pentakisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate + phosphate. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,2,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + phosphate.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052825 1_1_vch6lsuy,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'stratovolcano'?","A. A volcano built by a single eruption. B. A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface. Volcanic activity involving the extrusion of rock tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia] C. A volcano that consists of a complex of two or more vents, or a volcano that has an associated volcanic dome, either in its crater or on its flanks. D. A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,stratovolcano,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandVolcanic/Stratovolcano 1_1_6vakuo51,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete AWS algorithm'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete AWS algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000018 1_1_3idmfoqe,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'granuloma'?","A. abnormal narrowed structure or organ B. is an acute infection typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms, and fingers.[1] It is an infection of the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, usually caused by beta-hemolytic group A Streptococcus bacteria on scratches or otherwise infected areas.[2] Erysipelas is more superficial than cellulitis, and is typically more raised and demarcated.[1] The term is from Greek ἐρυσίπελας, meaning ""red skin"". C. a physical pathological anatomic entity that is a result of an inflammation process D. is a structure formed during inflammation that is found in many diseases. It is a collection of immune cells known as macrophages.[1] Granulomas form when the immune system attempts to wall off substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as keratin and suture fragments.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,granuloma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000099 1_1_3uq2c7sk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral nasal prominence'?","A. The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo; it separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye and the ala of the nose/snout develops from it. B. The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo; it joins with the ipsilateral maxillary prominence in the formation of half of the upper jaw, and the nasal tip and philtrum of the upper lip develop from it. C. The unpaired embryonic prominence that is formed by the tissues surrounding the forebrain vesicle and develops into the forehead and bridge of the nose/snout. D. The primordial mass of tissue formed by the merging of the medial nasal prominences of the embryo; it contributes to the intermaxillary portion of the upper jaw, the prolabial portion of the upper lip, and the primary palate.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,lateral nasal prominence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004067 1_1_cwcscz6u,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'larval walking behavior'?","A. The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. B. The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. C. The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. D. Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,larval walking behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008346 1_1_e7q5d91d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'floral organ meristem development stage'?","A. A floral organ formation stage which begins with the differentiation of floral organs from the floral organ primordium and ends with the beginning of the flowering stage . B. A floral organ formation stage which begins with the appearance of the floral organ primordium and ends with the beginning of the floral organ differentiation stage . C. A floral organ formation stage which begins with the development of the floral organ meristem from a portion of meristem tissue and ends with the beginning of the floral organ primordium development stage . D. A flower development stage that occurs in an individual flower during the interval between the onset of a floral organ meristem development stage and the onset of a flowering stage .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,floral organ meristem development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007601 1_1_xdy4jqvd,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell'?","A. CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-positive, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative. B. CD4-positive, alpha-beta long-lived T cell with the phenotype CD45RO-positive and CD127-positive. This cell type is also described as being CD25-negative, CD44-high, and CD122-high. C. CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell with the phenotype CCR7-negative, CD127-positive, CD45RA-negative, CD45RO-positive, and CD25-negative. D. An immature B cell that is CD38-negative, CD10-low, CD21-low, and CD22-high.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000904 1_1_x342z3go,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission'?","A. Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the release and reception of lipid molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. B. Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, mediated by transynaptic protein complexes, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. C. Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, across the synaptic cleft, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse. D. Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by trans-synaptic protein complex.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"trans-synaptic signaling by trans-synaptic complex, modulating synaptic transmission",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099557 1_1_chkpi3pv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'obervation'?","A. A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach. B. A chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. [Wikipedia] C. process (occurrent) which results in the creation of a sample D. Act to generate an estimate of the value of a property of a thing in the world at a known time. Implements a procedure at a known time, which might be different to the time the value applies to the thing in the world. The procedure uses an instrument, sensor or observer. An act of observation generates a piece of information bco:ObservingProcess (from OBO) is a sub-class. sohur:Observation (SWEET) is a sub-class. See https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/#SOSAObservation",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,obervation,http://sweetontology.net/reprSciModel/Observation 1_1_0niu780p,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Habenula'?","A. Skeltal cartilage organ, each instance of which is a ring of fibrocartilage attached to the rim of the glenoid fossa of some scapula, increasing the depth of the fossa. B. Zone of diencephalon, each instance of which is the small, depressed triangular region on the dorsomedial aspect of the posterior part of some thalamus which contains some habenular nuclei and marks some habenular commissure. C. Habenula is a segment of the epithalamus that has as its parts the lateral and medial habenular nuclei and the habenular commissure. D. Gas in anatomical space which consists of atmospheric air contained in the respiratory system.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Habenula,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62032 1_1_d00ae70o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elevated circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration'?","A. The concentration of the C-terminal portion of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the blood circulation is outside of the limits of normal. B. The concentration of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal. C. The concentration of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal. D. The concentration of fibroblast growth factor 23 in the blood circulation is outside of the limits of normal.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Elevated circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000407 1_1_ukvrii34,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'perigonial bract'?","A. A bract that subtends a perianth that is part of a flower . B. A bract that subtends an antheridium . C. A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure. D. A bract that subtends an archegonium .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,perigonial bract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030028 1_1_hd9f8u79,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'commercial pilot'?","A. Collect and test samples to monitor results of nuclear experiments and contamination of humans, facilities, and environment. B. Inspect buildings to detect fire hazards and enforce local ordinances and state laws, or investigate and gather facts to determine cause of fires and explosions. C. Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft on nonscheduled air carrier routes, or helicopters. Requires Commercial Pilot certificate. Includes charter pilots with similar certification, and air ambulance and air tour pilots. Excludes regional, national, and international airline pilots. D. Create or reproduce handmade objects for sale and exhibition using a variety of techniques, such as welding, weaving, pottery, and needlecraft.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,commercial pilot,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53201200 1_1_h69vgdhn,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'penile infection'?","A. Infections primarily affecting the prostate. B. Infections primarily affecting the penis. C. Infections primarily affecting the ovary or ovaries. D. Infections primarily affecting the vulva.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,penile infection,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004874 1_1_onht9hgi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lodicule primordium'?","A. A bract primordium is committed to the development of a flower bract . B. A phyllome primordium that develops from a petal anlagen and is committed to the development of a petal . C. A portion of vascular leaf primordium that is distal to the axis of the shoot apical meristem and develops into the abaxial side of the leaf lamina . D. A phyllome primordium that develops from a lodicule anlagen and is committed to the development of a lodicule .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lodicule primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008040 1_1_tfk728sh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'night wind'?","A. (Also spelled Krakatau; formerly called overtrades.) A layer of easterly winds over the Tropics at an altitude of about 18-24 km. This layer tops the midtropospheric westerlies (the antitrades), is at least 6 km deep, and is based at about 2 km above the tropopause. This easterly current is more prominent and better defined in the summer hemisphere. It derives its name from the observed behavior of the volcanic dust carried around the world after the great eruption of Krakatoa (6?S, 105?E) in 1883. B. Dry squalls that occur at night in southwest Africa and the Congo. It is likely that this term is loosely applied to other diurnal local winds such as mountain wind, land breeze, midnight wind, etc. C. A wind blowing from water onto land; the wind may be a result of heating differences between land and water or related to synoptic weather patterns. D. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,night wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/NightWind 1_1_4j8c562l,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Eating-induced seizure'?","A. A seizure precipitated by pouring cupfuls of very hot water (40 to 50 degrees Celsius) in rapid succession over the head. Bathing in this manner is the most common trigger. B. Startle-induced seizures are triggered by multiple and non-specific stimuli (auditory, somatosensory, and rarely visual) and are characterized by their sudden unexpected nature. Sudden noise rather than pure sound is the most effective acoustic stimulus. C. A seizure precipitated by movement or a change in posture. D. A seizure precipitated by aspects of anticipating food, eating itself, or the post-prandial period.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Eating-induced seizure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020208 1_1_v5knmztl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cryptococcal meningitis'?","A. A meningitis that has_material_basis_in a fungal infection. B. A fungal meningitis that has_material_basis_in Crypococcus fungal infection. C. A primary hyperoxaluria characterized by recurring calcium oxalate stones that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the HOGA1 gene on chromosome 10q24.2. D. An amebiasis that involves infection of the brain caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica resulting in brain abscesses.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Cryptococcal meningitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080159 1_1_lm6yc3jb,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Extension'?","A. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 B. Extends the scope of normative content to some particular jurisdiction C. Restricts the scope of normative content to some particular jurisdiction D. The date when the competent authorities finalise the document by affixing their signatures to it (e.g. promulgation by the president, signature by the queen etc.) This is the date shown on the document itself: it is an objective element and clearly identifyable.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Extension,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Extension 1_1_mol2pakt,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legal Resource'?","A. Any distinct intellectual creation (i.e., the intellectual content), in the context of ELI. The substance of Work is ideas. B. A component of a legal act, at an arbitrary level of precision, like a chapter, an article, an alinea, a paragraph or an list item. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using the properties eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of. C. A work in a legislative corpus. This applies to acts that have been legally enacted (whether or not they are still in force). For example, the abstract concept of the legal resource; e.g. ""act 3 of 2005"" (adapted from Akoma Ntoso) A legal resource can represent a legal act or any component of a legal act, like an article. Legal resources can be linked together using properties defined in the model. Note that ELI ontology accommodates different point of view on what should be considered a new legal resource, or a new legal expression of the same resource. Typically, a consolidated version can be viewed, in the context of ELI, either as separate legal resource (linked to original version and previous consolidated version using corresponding ELI relations), or as a different legal expression of the same legal resource. D. A component of a work, at an arbitrary level of precision. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of.",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Legal Resource,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#LegalResource 1_1_5yb589ib,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor'?","A. An EC 4.3.1.* (ammonia-lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3). B. A bending or abnormal curvature of the distal portion of the tibia. C. Complete absence of all von Willebrand factor multimers. D. An EC 4.3.* (C-N lyase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of any ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.*).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77703 1_1_n5slqc7a,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'median fin spine'?","A. Lepidotrichium that is part of the dorsal fin skeleton. B. Fin spine that is part of a paired fin. C. Lepidotrichium that is part of the caudal fin skeleton. D. Fin spine that is part of a median fin.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,median fin spine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200070 1_1_atb2adix,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Two-Spirit gender identity'?","A. Two-Spirit is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe certain people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender non-conforming) ceremonial role in their cultures. B. A Native (North) American who is non-heterosexual or belongs to a specific sexual orientation group related to their culture. C. The term ""Two Spirit"" was adopted by consensus in 1990 at an international gay and lesbian Indigenous gathering as a replacement for the inappropriate and outdated term ""berdache"". D. Any of various culturally-specific gender identities which are not tied to a particular geographical region, tribal affiliation, and/or language group.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Two-Spirit gender identity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007398 1_1_s4c91xs5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment'?","A. A subdivision of the autopod consisting of manual digit 3 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. B. A subdivision of the autopod consisting of digit 3 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. C. A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit 3 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis. D. A subdivision of the autopod consisting of pedal digit 2 plus the region incorporating a single metapodial element. These segments are typically repeated along the pre-axiom to post-axial axis.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pedal digit 3 plus metapodial segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_5003633 1_1_30mx3l2w,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Information provider'?","A. Class defining the provider of information about the contract. B. Class describing the awarded tenders. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system. D. Class to describe an award criterion and its score.",A,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Information provider,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#InformationProvider 1_1_j0sqc6lu,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Creation'?","A. A reaction is an action that is (at least) performed by an agent that has observed some other action (this is an intensional view): Action <-> Reaction B. A trade is an exchange of some things between two agents a and b. Consists of two actions A and B where a is the actor of action A and the recipient of action B, and vice versa. Usually these actions are performed concurrently, but these may also be done consequently. The ownership of the things being traded is the requirement/result pair for each action. C. An act which results in the creation of some entity/individual D. A plan is a structure of multiple other plans or actions. These can be both sequential or concurrent. Usually a plan is referred to in the context of the intention to act of some agent, however when executed the plan itself comes into effect.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Creation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/action.owl#Creation 1_1_wi43dadb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes '47,XXX syndrome'?","A. A chromosomal dysgenesis syndrome resulting from a triplication or translocation of chromosome 21. Down syndrome occurs in approximately 1:700 live births. Abnormalities are variable from individual to individual and may include slowed mental development, slowed growth, flat hypoplastic face with short nose, prominent epicanthic skin folds, small low-set ears with prominent antihelix, fissured and thickened tongue, laxness of joint ligaments, pelvic dysplasia, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, transverse palmar crease, lenticular opacities and heart disease. Patients with Down syndrome have an estimated 10 to 30-fold increased risk for leukemia; most have symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by age 40. Also known as trisomy 21 syndrome. B. A chromosomal condition in which a fetus has four copies of every chromosome instead of two. C. A condition characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome in each cell of a person who is XX. Those affected are usually taller than average, but otherwise unaffected physically, other than in terms of fertility. Occasionally there are learning difficulties, decreased muscle tone, seizures, or kidney problems. D. Any of various syndromes defined by chromosome gain.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,"47,XXX syndrome",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006971 1_1_ivi0sg3i,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma'?","A. A bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma that is characterized by a mixed array of different patterns (acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, solid with mucin). B. A bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma that is characterized by cells with cuboidal or columnar morphology with eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm and shows Clara cell or type 2 pneumocyte differentiation. C. A bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma that is characterized by a tumour cells containing abundant mucin in their cytoplasm and composed of tall columnar cells growing along alveolar walls without stromal invasion. D. A lung adenocarcinoma characterized by a predominantly lepidic pattern and 5 mm or less invasion in greatest dimension.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080186 1_1_oe1e5lef,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pain'?","A. this is a symptom of many diseases that attack the respiratory system B. physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury C. inability or refusal to swallow. D. pain occuring in the throat and chest of the patient",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000446 1_1_xzcbnflm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Protoplasm'?","A. Cell component which is surrounded by a portion of cytosol. Examples: endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, cytoskeleton, cell nucleus, mitochondrion. B. Cell component which has as its direct parts a maximally connected part of cytoplasm and one or more cell nuclei. Examples: protoplasm of hepatocyte, protoplasm of megakaryocyte. C. Cardinal cell part which is demarcated from other cell parts by predominantly bona fide anatomical surfaces. Examples: golgi complex, endosome, myofilament. D. Cell component which has as its direct parts a portion of cytosol and one or more organelles. Examples: cytoplasm of hepatocyte, cytoplasm of erythrocyte, cytoplasm of thrombocyte, cytoplasm of neuron.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Protoplasm,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67261 1_1_nt0cxx5i,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'transpressional basin'?","A. Transpression basins are formed during oblique collision of tectonic plates and during non-orthogonal subduction. [Wikipedia] B. Retroarc (Retro) foreland basins occur on the plate that overrides during plate convergence or collision (i.e. situated behind the magmatic arc that is linked with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere). [Wikipedia] C. Intra-arc basins are basins that occur between Fore-arc basins and back-arc basins [Wikipedia] D. Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,transpressional basin,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolBasin/TranspressionalBasin 1_1_ioiyt5pq,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gateway'?","A. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. B. A Gateway is used to control the divergence and convergence of Sequence Flow. Thus, it will determine branching, forking, merging, and joining of paths. Internal Markers will indicate the type of behavior control. C. Base element D. Condition, which is used in the definition of attributes for Start Event and Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Gateway,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#gateway 1_1_p6ji3a4n,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Root dry matter content'?","A. Dry matter content of root related terms. B. Presence of woody filaments or crude fibers in Fufu C. Protein content D. Amylopectin content",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Root dry matter content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000424 1_1_es3eqgxk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis'?","A. The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus. B. The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus. C. The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule. D. The directed movement of the outgrowing Malpighian tubule guided by specific chemical cues/signals. Movement may be towards a guidance cue (positive chemotaxis) or away from it (negative chemotaxis). Guidance contributes to the final positioning of the tubule.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cell chemotaxis involved in Malpighian tubule morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061352 1_1_99uyvy39,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Common hepatic lymph node'?","A. Common hepatic lymph node located in the posterior group along the common hepatic artery. B. Hepatic lymph node located along right hepatic artery. C. Hepatic lymph node located along the common hepatic artery. D. Hepatic lymph node located along the portal vein.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Common hepatic lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277259 1_1_pdqdet4j,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of hemostasis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipid localization. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemostasis. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor localization to synapse. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of hemostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900047 1_1_m4qq6s46,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stored storage root keeping quality'?","A. Glucose content in dry weight basis of the storage root B. Protein content in dry weight basis of the storage root C. The keeping quality of stored storage roots D. Fructose content in fresh weight basis of the storage root",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stored storage root keeping quality,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000345 1_1_d5syzi3n,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'osteogenesis imperfecta type 15'?","A. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in mutation in the WNT1 gene on chromosome 12q13. B. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a deficiency in type-I collagen which results_in brittle bones and defective connective tissue. C. An osteogenesis imperfecta characterized by craniosynostosis, communicating hydrocephalus, ocular proptosis, marked postnatal growth failure, and distinctive facial appearance. D. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SPARC gene on chromosome 5q33.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,osteogenesis imperfecta type 15,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110347 1_1_egrszw06,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'alternatively activated macrophage'?","A. A macrophage which develops from an inflammatory monocyte and is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response. Markers include CD11b-positive, CD68-positive, and F4/80-positive. B. An elicited macrophage that is recruited into the tissues in response to injury and infection as part of an inflammatory response, expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS and NO, and shows potent microbicidal activity. C. A macrophage that suppresses immune responses. D. An elicited macrophage characterized by low production of pro-inflammatory and Th1 polarizing cytokines and high expression of arginase-1, and associated with tissue remodelling.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,alternatively activated macrophage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000890 1_1_h1huxrp1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Number of panicles per plant estimation'?","A. Estimate the type and severity of symptoms B. Gently push tillers back and forth a few times, at a distance of 30 cm from the ground C. Use an augmented experimental design, with a susceptible and resistant check (if available) after every 10 test entries. Replicate test entries three times if seed is available. Observe the proportion of plants with injured and folded leaves. The susceptible check should average at least 40% to accept the test as a measure of resistance D. Estimate the average number of panicles per plant.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Number of panicles per plant estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000239 1_1_689ky64f,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cook, all other'?","A. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. B. All cooks not listed separately. C. Prepare meals in private homes. Includes personal chefs. D. Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"cook, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35201900 1_1_d6omzcph,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes '1 root primordium formation stage'?","A. A root development stage during which a coleorhiza emerges from the seed coat . B. A root development stage during which a radicle emerges from the seed coat . C. The stage at which root primordium originates and develops at specific locations in embryonic and post embryonic roots. D. The stage at which a group of cells or initials that will differentiate into the primary root become organized in the embryo .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,1 root primordium formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007505 1_1_yp47cd6k,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'outwash fan'?","A. A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. B. A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. C. A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. D. A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,outwash fan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000434 1_1_aja9u12q,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'asymptomatic neurosyphilis'?","A. A tertiary neurosyphilis that results when chronic meningoencephalitis causes destruction of cortical parenchyma. The infection has_symptom irritability, has_symptom difficulty concentrating, has_symptom deterioration of memory, has_symptom defective judgment, has_symptom headaches, has_symptom insomnia, has_symptom fatigue, and has_symptom lethargy. B. A tertiary neurosyphilis that results in inflammation located_in arteries of the brain or located_in arteries of spinal cord. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom neck stiffness, has_symptom dizziness, has_symptom behavioral abnormalities, has _symptom poor concentration, has_symptom memory loss, has _symptom lassitude, has_symptom insomnia, has_symptom blurred vision, has_symptom weakness and wasting of shoulder-girdle and arm muscles, has_symptom slowly progressive leg weakness with urinary or fecal incontinence or both, and has_symptom paralysis of the legs due to thrombosis of spinal arteries. C. A tertiary neurosyphilis that results in slow degeneration of the nerve cells and nerve fibers that carry sensory information to the brain. The infection has symptom intense, stabbing pain in the back and legs that recurs irregularly, has symptom gait ataxia, has symptom hyperesthesia, has symptom paresthesia, has symptom loss of bladder sensation leading to urine retention, has symptom erectile dysfunction. D. A tertiary neurosyphilis that results_in mild meningitis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,asymptomatic neurosyphilis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10035 1_1_pcd20isy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Karnofsky score vaue specification'?","A. A performance status value specification designed for classifying patients 16 years of age or older by their functional impairment. B. A categorical value specification that is an assessment of a participant's performance status (general well-being and activities of daily life). C. A performance status value specification designed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to assess disease progression and its affect on the daily living abilities of the patient. D. Exper 2100 offers powerful data evaluation tools for all available assays, automatic and manual integration, smear analysis and many assay-specific tools.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Karnofsky score vaue specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002363 1_1_u4e2ed8h,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma'?","A. A mesenchymal cell neoplasm that has_material_basis_in myofibroblastic cells admixed with inflammatory cells. B. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia characterized by gait instability, dysarthria, nystagmus, and saccadic pursuits with variable age of onset and severity and slow progression that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation of the CACNA1G gene on chromosome 17q21. C. A spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity characterized by short stature, distinctive midface retrusion, progressive knee malalignment, generalized ligamentous laxity, multiple joint dislocations, and mild spinal deformity that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in KIF22 on chromosome 16p11.2. D. An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor composed of epithelioid or round cells with a characteristic perinuclear or nuclear membrane staining pattern with ALK immunohistochemistry, frequently dispersed in myxoid stroma with prominent neutrophils or lymphocytes, and often absence of plasma cells.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080372 1_1_uwmoz70g,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'molder, shaper, or caster, except metal or plastic'?","A. Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers. B. Lay, repair, and maintain track for standard or narrow-gauge railroad equipment used in regular railroad service or in plant yards, quarries, sand and gravel pits, and mines. Includes ballast cleaning machine operators and railroad bed tamping machine operators. C. Mold, shape, form, cast, or carve products such as food products, figurines, tile, pipes, and candles consisting of clay, glass, plaster, concrete, stone, or combinations of materials. D. Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"molder, shaper, or caster, except metal or plastic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919500 1_1_vsr7312h,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atg12 ligase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the transfer of a ISG15 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ISG15 + S = X + S-ISG15, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ISG15 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ISG15 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of ISG15 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. B. Catalysis of the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 family modifier to phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylserine on a membrane. C. Catalysis of the transfer of Atg12 to a substrate protein via the reaction X-Atg12 + S = X + S-Atg12, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-Atg12 linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-Atg12 linkage is an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate. D. Isoenergetic transfer of Atg12 from one protein to another via the reaction X-Atg12 + Y = Y-Atg12 + X, where both the X-Atg12 and Y-Atg12 linkages are thioester bonds between the C-terminal amino acid of Atg12 and a sulfhydryl side group of a cysteine residue.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,Atg12 ligase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061660 1_1_pv9jov06,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'impute'?","A. Imputation for microarray data (currently KNN only) B. Graph alignment is an extension package for the R programming environment which provides functions for finding an alignment between two networks based on link and node similarity scores. C. Most analyses of Affymetrix GeneChip data are based on point estimates of expression levels and ignore the uncertainty of such estimates. By propagating uncertainty to downstream analyses we can improve results from microarray analyses. For the first time, the puma package makes a suite of uncertainty propagation methods available to a general audience. puma also offers improvements in terms of scope and speed of execution over previously available uncertainty propagation methods. D. Resampling-based multiple hypothesis testing",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,impute,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000581 1_1_peggff1s,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'IUPAC/InChI-Trust InChI Licence No. 1.0'?","A. IUPAC/InChI-Trust InChI Licence No. 1.0 is a vendor license which allows all users to make use of the resource, including the source code, for free, as long as its source is properly attributed. It is broadly compatible with the GNU GPL v3 and v2 in that it states in the license that you can change the license from this one to the GNU GPL if you wish. B. The UCUM Terms of Use is a vendor-specific license which allows the resource it references to be used for commercial or non-commercial purposes without restriction of any kind, provided that appropriate attribution is given. However, the resource itself may not be modified in any way. Users may make and distribute an unlimited number of copies of the Licensed Materials. Each copy thereof must include the Copyright Notice and License. C. The NLM Open License with Attribution is a vendor-specific license which is similar to public domain, but which requests attribution. Government information at NLM Web sites is in the public domain. Public domain information may be freely distributed and copied, but it is requested that in any subsequent use the National Library of Medicine (NLM) be given appropriate acknowledgement. When using NLM Web sites, you may encounter documents, illustrations, photographs, or other information resources contributed or licensed by private individuals, companies, or organizations that may be protected by U.S. and foreign copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of protected items beyond that allowed by fair use as defined in the copyright laws requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Specific NLM Web sites containing protected information provide additional notification of conditions associated with its use. D. The University of Concordia Terms of Use is a vendor-specific license which states that no document appearing on this website or any other website owned, operated or controlled by Concordia may be copied, sold, reproduced, republished, downloaded, posted, transmitted or distributed by any means with the exception of downloading or printing the contents of the site for personal, non-commercial use. This use must bear in mind that Concordia reserves its copyright and its rights to exclusivity over the material.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,IUPAC/InChI-Trust InChI Licence No. 1.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000115 1_1_9q2k240s,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant embryo'?","A. A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that has a flat growth form and no distinct organs. B. A whole plant that participates in the plant embryo stage . C. A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage that produces only plant egg cells . D. A plant structure which is a whole organism.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant embryo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009009 1_1_6pu8u7j2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete food product'?","A. The FAO has the following definition for ""food"": ""Any substance, whether processed, semi-processed, or raw, which is intended for human consumption, and includes drink, chewing gum and any substance which has been used in the manufacture, preparation or treatment of ""food"" but does not include cosmetics or tobacco or substances used only as drugs."" (Nutrition Division/Meeting Programming and Documentation Service, FAO, 2013 (MI198) adopted from Codex Alimentarius Commission, Procedural Manual, Twentieth edition, 2011 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Publications/ProcManuals/Manual_20e.pdf). ) B. Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. C. One or more pieces of cows. D. One or more pieces of beef.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,obsolete food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002002 1_1_pid4vh1k,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'testosterone'?","A. Any member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration. B. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. C. An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5.. D. A sphing-4-enine in which the double bond is trans.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,testosterone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17347 1_1_3dzctrci,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'suppurative uveitis'?","A. A primary ciliary dyskinesia characterized by significant loss of both the inner and outer dynein arms, chronic airway disease, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, and laterality defects in about half of patients that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CFAP300 gene on chromosome 11q22.1. B. An uveal disease is characterized by inflammation of any of the layers of the uvea of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. C. A uveitis characterized by inflammation and pus formation of the uvea, which are the pigmented layers of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, and has_symptom pain, blurry vision, and eye redness. Suppurative uveitis is typically caused by infection, especially by bacterial infection post-operatively or post-traumatically. D. An uveitis that is characterized by inflammation of all layers of the uvea (middle layer) of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,suppurative uveitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13140 1_1_4pwvd2ad,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed phenotype acute leukemia with MLL rearranged'?","A. An acute biphenotypic leukemia that is characterized by blasts that also carry the translocation t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) by karyotypic analysis or the BCR-ABL1 translocation by FISH or PCR. B. An acute biphenotypic leukemia that is characterized by blasts which carry a translocation between the MLL (KMT2A) gene at 11q23.3 and another gene partner. C. An acute leukemia that is characterized by the occurrence of more than one type of leukemia at the same time resulting from either the occurrence of blasts which coexpress myeloid and T or B lineage antigens or concurrent B and T lineage antigens. D. An acute biphenotypic leukemia that is characterized by blasts which express B-lymphoid and myeloid lineage markers but are negative for MLL translocation and t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) translocation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mixed phenotype acute leukemia with MLL rearranged,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081037 1_1_rz2tbpmd,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'French fries appearance - method'?","A. Observe the color of the french fries and rate it B. Panelists taste the dry matter and starch content (mouth feel that the potato samples have) and rate it C. Observe the secondary color of the tuber flesh and rate it D. Observe the good marketable qualities of tubers at storage",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,French fries appearance - method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000788 1_1_ki0wu310,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spongy mesophyll intercellular space'?","A. A leaf mesophyll intercellular space that is part of a palisade mesophyll. B. A phyllome substomatal cavity that is part of a leaf mesophyll. C. A leaf mesophyll intercellular space that is part of a spongy mesophyll. D. An intercellular space that is part of a leaf mesophyll.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spongy mesophyll intercellular space,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025381 1_1_3rbtm2a9,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'discarded fishing gear'?","A. Fishing gear which is not under the control of or maintained by its custodian. B. Abandoned fishing gear which was intentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. C. Abandoned fishing gear which was unintentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. D. A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,discarded fishing gear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105116 1_1_pox2tdv8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gros Ventre'?","A. A historically Algonquian-speaking Native American tribe located in north central Montana. Today the Gros Ventre people are enrolled in the Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana. B. A group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667. Their autonym is oθaakiiwaki, and their exonym is Ozaagii(-wag) in Ojibwe. C. A collective name for linguistically related groups that make up the Blackfoot or Blackfeet people: The Siksika (""Blackfoot""), the Kainai or Kainah (""Blood""), and two sections of the Piikani (Piegan Blackfeet), the Northern Piikani (Aapátohsipikáni) and the Southern Piikani (Amskapi Piikani or Pikuni). Broader definitions include groups, like the Tsúùtínà (Sarcee) and A'aninin (Gros Ventre), spoke quite different languages but allied or joined with the Blackfoot Confederacy as well. D. One of the largest groups of First Nations in North America. In Canada, over 350,000 people are Cree or have Cree ancestry. The major proportion of Cree in Canada live north and west of Lake Superior, in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories. About 27,000 live in Quebec. In the United States, Cree people historically lived from Lake Superior westward. Today, they live mostly in Montana, where they share the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation with Ojibwe (Chippewa) people.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Gros Ventre,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005989 1_1_4hj01mig,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'transformed artery'?","A. The continuation of each corpus cavernosum of the penis, diverging posteriorly to be attached to the pubic arch. B. A dartos muscle that is part of a female reproductive system. C. A remnant of embryonic structure that develops_from a artery. D. A mesenchymal stem cell of the umbilical cord.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,transformed artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006591 1_1_j4q38uep,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain breeze'?","A. In mountain meteorology, an upslope wind driven by heating (usually daytime insolation) at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. B. An easterly wind (from Lombardy) that predominates along the French?Italian frontier. It comes from the High Alps. In winter it is violent and forms snowdrifts in the mountain valleys. In the plains it is gentle and very dry. It is associated with an anticyclone over France and central Europe, or with high pressure to the southeast of Europe and low pressure to the northwest along with falling pressure over western France. C. A nocturnal component of the mountain?plains or mountain?valley wind systems encountered during periods of light synoptic flow. D. The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mountain breeze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/MountainBreeze 1_1_n6htpf30,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with other specified complications'?","A. disorders of lipoprotein metabolism that lead to atherosclerosis. These abnormalities arise from genetic and secondary factors and are caused by excessive entry of lipoproteins into the bloodstream or an impairment in their removal, or both. B. A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood. C. iron deficiecy is due to insufficient iron D. high blood sugar because body cannot break down the sugar being taken in",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with other specified complications,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000545 1_1_j115id4d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'root meristem'?","A. A portion of meristem tissue that is part of a peripheral zone of a shoot apical meristem and will give rise to a phyllome primordium . B. A portion of meristem tissue that forms the cortex. C. A root meristem that gives rise to a root nodule . D. A portion of meristem tissue that gives rise to a root .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,root meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006085 1_1_qzz9ucor,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity. B. Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding. C. Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905598 1_1_pqkj9r6a,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'MHC-II-positive classical monocyte'?","A. Gr1-high monocyte that has a MHC-II receptor complex. B. A resident monocyte that is Gr-1 high, CD43-negative, CX3CR1-negative, CD115-positive, and B220-negative. C. Gr1-high monocyte that lacks MHC-II receptor complex. D. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a mesonephric capsule from unspecified parts. The mesonephric capsule is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the mesonephros, covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,MHC-II-positive classical monocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002470 1_1_qt3ykvvi,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Complex Work'?","A. Any distinct intellectual creation (i.e., the intellectual content), in the context of ELI. The substance of Work is ideas. B. A component of a work, at an arbitrary level of precision. A subdivision can be linked with its parent and children subdivision using eli:has_part / eli:is_part_of. C. Works that have other works as members. The members of a Complex Work may constitute alternatives to or derivatives of other members of the same Complex Work. Typically the members of the complex work represent the successive temporal versions of an act, while the complex work represents the act independantly of one of its version. D. A work in a legislative corpus. This applies to acts that have been legally enacted (whether or not they are still in force). For example, the abstract concept of the legal resource; e.g. ""act 3 of 2005"" (adapted from Akoma Ntoso) A legal resource can represent a legal act or any component of a legal act, like an article. Legal resources can be linked together using properties defined in the model. Note that ELI ontology accommodates different point of view on what should be considered a new legal resource, or a new legal expression of the same resource. Typically, a consolidated version can be viewed, in the context of ELI, either as separate legal resource (linked to original version and previous consolidated version using corresponding ELI relations), or as a different legal expression of the same legal resource.",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Complex Work,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#ComplexWork 1_1_o6ccvihu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other viral pneumonia'?","A. A gland that secretes products (excluding hormones and other chemical messengers) into ducts (duct glands) which lead directly into the external environment[WP]. Typical exocrine glands include sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas B. a disease that attacks one or both lungs, virus is unspecified C. If you have epilepsy, you may have seizures repeatedly. A seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minutes period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes D. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system. Contagious and hard to treat.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Other viral pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000160 1_1_wifkedfk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hereditary spastic paraplegia 61'?","A. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the VPS37A gene on chromosome 8p22. B. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ARL6IP1 gene on chromosome 16p12. C. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 13q14. D. A hereditary spastic paraplegia that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 9q.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hereditary spastic paraplegia 61,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110812 1_1_o7ityek8,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spastic ataxia 7'?","A. A hereditary ataxia that is characterized by early onset of cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal tract signs and peripheral neuropathy. B. A spastic ataxia that is characterized by poor visual acuity, cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria and pyramidal signs. C. A spastic ataxia that is characterized by early onset of cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, oculomotor apraxia, dystonia and myoclonic epilepsy, has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the AFG3L2 gene on chromosome 18p11. D. A spastic ataxia that is characterized by cerebellar ataxia, spasticity and peripheral neuropathy in the first two decades of life, has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the KIF1C gene on chromosome 17p13.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spastic ataxia 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050945 1_1_c0loo9b2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Branching pattern'?","A. A qualitative trait indicating seed coat color. B. A qualitative trait describing the branching pattern of plant C. A qualitative description of the growth habit of the plant. D. A qualitative trait describing the pattern of seed testa",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Branching pattern,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000021 1_1_voj9g8tk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Juvenile arthritis, unspecified, unspecified site'?","A. Childhood arthritis is any form of arthritis or arthritis-related conditions which affects individuals under the age of 16 B. Childhood arthritis is any form of arthritis or arthritis-related conditions which affects individuals under the age of 16. C. A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. D. muscle aches and pain, which can involve ligaments, tendons and fascia, the soft tissues that connect muscles, bones and organs",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Juvenile arthritis, unspecified, unspecified site",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000082 1_1_fut6t54x,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process'?","A. Any process that modualtes the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome. B. Any process that starts or increases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. D. Any process that stops or decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0062026 1_1_emafuice,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left subalare'?","A. Subalare at the junction of left ala of nose and left upper lip proper. B. Anatomical point of face at the junction of ala of nose and upper lip proper. C. Subalare at the junction of right ala of nose and right upper lip proper. D. Vein in the systemic venous system.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left subalare,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281703 1_1_0pay7gn6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Relative toxin contamination - Method'?","A. Pollen viability assessed by staining with acetic carmine. B. Entry mean PAC / Test mean PAC (PAC=Preharvest Aflatoxin Contamination) C. Total seed (kernel) mass calculated as per unit area after shelling. D. Calculation of incidence as the percentage of dead plants.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Relative toxin contamination - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000613 1_1_zb8e42dh,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'branch axil'?","A. An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a branch that branches from the shoot axis. B. An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf that branches from the shoot axis. C. A plant anatomical space that is the space between a shoot axis and a leaf, bract, or branch that branches from the shoot axis. D. An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a bract that branches from the shoot axis.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,branch axil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025226 1_1_dthvjj6z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'orofacial cleft 9'?","A. An orofacial cleft that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 2p13. B. An orofacial cleft that is characterized by incomplete median clefts of both the lower lip and upper lip, double labial frenulum and fusion of the upper gingival and upper labial mucosa, in addition to poor dental alignment, and increased interdental distance between the lower and upper median incisors. C. An orofacial cleft that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 13q33.1-q34. D. An orofacial cleft characterized by a congenital unilateral or bilateral oculo-facial defect beginning at the upper lip lateral to the Cupid's bow, then running lateral to the nasal wing, ending at the the lower eyelid lateral to the inferior punctum that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SPECC1L gene on chromosome 22q11.23.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,orofacial cleft 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080402 1_1_vbrq8i9e,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flow Object'?","A. Flow objects are the main graphical elements to define the behavior of a Business Process. There are three Flow Objects: Events, Activities and Gateways B. Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce. C. Inclusive Gateway D. Entity, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Participant, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Flow Object,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#flow_object 1_1_sxk5s5ih,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi calcium ion export. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051280 1_1_w9r55ord,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'elaeodendroside G'?","A. A pyrrolizidine alkaloid that is hexahydro-1H-pyrrolizine carrying an exo-1-amino group at position 1 and an ether bridge between C-2 and C-7. It is a class of natural insecticides produced by fungal symbionts of Poaceae. B. A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. C. A steroid lactone isolated from Elaeodendron tangenala and Elaeodendron glaucum and exhibits antiproliferative activity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. D. A para-terphenyl that consists of 1,4-diphenylbenzene substituted by acetyloxy groups at positions 3', 5' and 6', hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4'' and a benzyloxy group at position 2'. It is isolated from the fruit body of the mushroom Paxillus curtisii and exhibits radical scavenging activity.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,elaeodendroside G,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65827 1_1_jt3ra736,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'odor'?","A. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. B. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's molecules being are aerially dispersed and perceived by an odorant receptor. C. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. D. A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,odor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000058 1_1_s4zqpuly,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'polygonal karst'?","A. Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. B. Karsts usually form in masses of carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. Karst landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. C. Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. D. Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,polygonal karst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000335 1_1_m3qlsw6v,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'hopach'?","A. The package contains functions to perform normalization of high-throughput qPCR data. Basic functions for processing raw Ct data plus functions to generate diagnostic plots are also available. B. The IRanges class and its extensions are low-level containers for storing sets of integer ranges. A typical use of these containers in biology is for representing a set of chromosome regions. More specific extensions of the IRanges class will typically allow the storage of additional information attached to each chromosome region as well as a hierarchical relationship between these regions. C. Generic database methods D. The HOPACH clustering algorithm builds a hierarchical tree of clusters by recursively partitioning a data set, while ordering and possibly collapsing clusters at each level. The algorithm uses the Mean/Median Split Silhouette (MSS) criteria to identify the level of the tree with maximally homogeneous clusters. It also runs the tree down to produce a final ordered list of the elements. The non-parametric bootstrap allows one to estimate the probability that each element belongs to each cluster (fuzzy clustering).",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,hopach,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000574 1_1_idhqm933,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute and subacute hepatic failure DP'?","A. liver failure B. Cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to the liver. C. liver failure D. any disturbance of liver function that causes illness.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute and subacute hepatic failure DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000316 1_1_x59seaw9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'operation and control'?","A. A skill realized in matching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly. B. A skill realized in using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. C. A skill realized in controlling operations of equipment or systems. D. A skill realized in bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,operation and control,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000037 1_1_hcw8i998,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'perceptual speed'?","A. The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. B. The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object. C. The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion. D. The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,perceptual speed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000090 1_1_se45jvyq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'G-quadruplex DNA formation'?","A. The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of DNA at the site of a stalled replication fork that contributes to replication fork processing. B. The cellular DNA metabolic process resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one. C. A DNA metabolic process that results in the formation of G-quadruplex DNA structures, in which groups of four guanines adopt a flat, cyclic Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding arrangement known as a guanine tetrad or G-quartet. The stacking of several layers of G-quartets forms G-quadruplexes, in which one or more DNA single strands are assembled in parallel and/or antiparallel, with interactions that can be either intra- or intermolecular in nature. D. Any process in which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,G-quadruplex DNA formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071919 1_1_14qbszrr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pdInfoBuilder'?","A. Gene-specific dye-bias correction of two-color microarray data using the GASSCO method B. This package is designed to provide solutions for quality assessment and to detect differentially expressed genes for the Affymetrix GeneChips, including both 3' -arrays and gene 1.0-ST arrays. C. Builds platform design information packages. These consist of a SQLite database containing feature-level data such as x, y position on chip and featureSet ID. The database also incorporates featureSet-level annotation data. The products of this packages are used by the oligo pkg. D. Package to create In Silico Interactomes",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pdInfoBuilder,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000653 1_1_s3m2xmoy,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'boilermaker'?","A. Construct, assemble, maintain, and repair stationary steam boilers and boiler house auxiliaries. Align structures or plate sections to assemble boiler frame tanks or vats, following blueprints. Work involves use of hand and power tools, plumb bobs, levels, wedges, dogs, or turnbuckles. Assist in testing assembled vessels. Direct cleaning of boilers and boiler furnaces. Inspect and repair boiler fittings, such as safety valves, regulators, automatic-control mechanisms, water columns, and auxiliary machines. B. Manage operations at hydroelectric power generation facilities. Maintain and monitor hydroelectric plant equipment for efficient and safe plant operations. C. Assist engineers in determining the practicality of proposed product design changes and plan and carry out tests on experimental test devices or equipment for performance, durability, or efficiency. D. Repair, maintain, or install electric motors, wiring, or switches.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,boilermaker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47201100 1_1_4vrsoftb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 79'?","A. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MET gene on chromosome 7q31. B. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 6q26-q27. C. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset with severe to profound, stable hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the TPRN gene on chromosome 9q34. D. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset with severe to profound, stable hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the LHFPL5 gene on chromosome 6p21.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 79,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110526 1_1_urtjsod4,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic translational initiation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904690 1_1_w0mjof0c,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dhegihan'?","A. Groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Oceti Sakowin consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota. B. A Native American tribe of the Great Plains who have lived for centuries primarily in what is now North Dakota. They are enrolled in the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation. About half of the Mandan still reside in the area of the reservation; the rest reside around the United States and in Canada. C. A group of Native Americans who speak any of the languages belonging to the Dhegihan language family. D. A Midwestern Native American tribe of the Great Plains. The tribe developed in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys around 700 BCE along with other groups of its language family. They migrated west of the Mississippi after the 17th century CE due to wars with Iroquois invading the Ohio Valley from New York and Pennsylvania in a search for new hunting grounds. The nations separated at that time, and the Osage settled near the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Dhegihan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005959 1_1_z9lyik2u,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'terete vascular leaf'?","A. A vascular leaf that has increased activity of either the adaxial or abaxial meristem early in development, leading to absence of the opposite surface on the mature leaf. B. A unifacial leaf that is flat in cross section due to a lamina that develops in a median plane (perpendicular to the axis), rather a transverse plane (tangent to the axis) throughout all of part of the length of the leaf. C. OBSOLETE. A rod-like element of the sexine/ectexine, either supporting the tectum or a caput. D. A unifacial leaf that is round in cross section throughout all of part of the length of the leaf.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,terete vascular leaf,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025334 1_1_5i0opc21,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nass'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which unprocessed and crushed tobacco leaves are bundled in strands. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa (sodium carbonate) are mixed to form a dry product. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into soft pellets. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of dried tobacco leaves, ash, cottonseed or sesame oil, water and sometimes gum which are rolled into balls.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nass,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000989 1_1_202x62x1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhizoid meristematic apical cell'?","A. A gametophyte apical cell that is part of a thallus. B. A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a rhizoid. C. A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a protonema. D. An apical cell that is part of a whole plant in the gametophytic phase.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,rhizoid meristematic apical cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030080 1_1_0si7oa6t,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'acidic water'?","A. Liquid water which is either part of or was removed from a marine lake. B. Water which is part of a stream. C. Water which lacks dissolved oxygen. D. A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,acidic water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000358 1_1_q0fv40wi,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Minoan religion'?","A. The religion of the Bronze Age Minoan civilization of Crete. Modern scholars have reconstructed it almost totally on the basis of archaeological remains rather than texts. Minoan religion is considered to have been closely related to Near Eastern prehistoric religions, and its central deity is generally agreed to have been a goddess. Prominent Minoan sacred symbols include the bull and its horns of consecration, the labrys (double-headed axe), the serpent, and to some extent, the ankh. B. Any of various religions practiced in Ancient Egypt. Most of these religions were polytheistic and centered on the Ancient Egyptians' interactions with many deities believed to be present in, and in control of the world. C. A form of paganism which purports to derive from ancient Minoan religion; because little is known of that religion, however, it is not considered reconstructionist, and therefore also oftentimes incorporates a ritual framework descended from Gardnerian Wicca. D. A term encompassing the polytheistic religions of the Semitic peoples from the ancient Near East and Northeast Africa.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Minoan religion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010035 1_1_trlmng88,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'DTS - Estimation'?","A. Relative number of bract teeth B. The relative density of seed fuzz on the seed surface after ginning. Seed fuzz code description: none=no seed fuzz on surface; medium=seed fuzz throughout surface; high=dense seed fuzz and seed coat is not visible; sparse=seed fuzz occurs sparingly on surface; tufted=fuzz only on micropylar end C. The degree of red coloration to the stems D. Trichome (or pubescence) density on leaf is visually rated using scale of 1 (smooth), 3 (lightly hairy), 5 (hairy), 7(very hairy), and 9 (pilose) for six leaves per plot",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,DTS - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000987 1_1_pjibke90,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Matooke firmness'?","A. Geometrical textural attribute relating to lack of presence of particles in a product B. Mechanical textural attribute relating to the force required to achieve a given deformation, penetration, or breakage of a product. C. Pseudostem height increase over time D. Perception of moisture content of a food by the tactile receptors in the mouth and also in relation to the lubricating properties of the product",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Matooke firmness,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0002044 1_1_xkof65eo,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'garua'?","A. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. B. Fog, light and of short duration, produced by the mixing of two moist but nonsaturated air masses with different temperatures. C. Water droplets suspended in the atmosphere in the vicinity the earth's surface that affect visibility. D. A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,garua,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/Garua 1_1_zvoi0o6k,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of praseodymium in lake water'?","A. The concentration of titanium when measured in snow. B. The concentration of praseodymium when measured in lake water. C. The concentration of silver when measured in lake water. D. The concentration of nitrous oxide when measured in liquid water.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of praseodymium in lake water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3200014 1_1_v3m95zxa,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Main shoot panicle fresh weight'?","A. Number of grains per panicle. B. Panicles dry weight C. Leaf biomass dry matter content. D. Main shoot panicle fresh weight",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Main shoot panicle fresh weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000774 1_1_d94dmhs7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial penile hypospadias'?","A. Hypospadias in which the location of the urethral opening is on the penile shaft. B. A mild form of hypospadias in which the urethra opens just under the corona glandis. C. Penile hypospadias which is inherited (familial), not acquired. D. Location of the urethral opening on the inferior aspect of the penis.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,familial penile hypospadias,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001568 1_1_w0lyfhk1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. B. Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever generation via regulation of the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031392 1_1_ho3rznhg,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'catecholamine'?","A. A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. B. An organic compound having at least one hydroxy group attached to a carbon atom. C. Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). D. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,catecholamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33567 1_1_b6vgddbl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'testicles Tanner stage II'?","A. A Tanner stage characterized by a small amount of long, downy hair with slight pigmentation either at the base of the penis and scrotum (males) or the labia majora (typically between ages 10 and 11.5). B. A Tanner stage characterized by the formation of the breast bud, with a small area of surrounding glandular tissue and a widening of the areola (typically age 10 to 11.5). C. A Tanner stage characterized by a testicular volume between 1.6 and 6 ml accompanied by the scrotal skin reddening and enlarging; the penis length remains unchanged (typically ages 9 to 11). D. Variation in chromosome structure including microscopic and submicroscopic types of variation such as deletions, duplications, copy-number variants, insertions, inversions and translocations.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,testicles Tanner stage II,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005246 1_1_f69gk7fj,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'electronic vaping device use'?","A. Inhaling consumption that involves the use of an electronic vaping device. B. Inhaling consumption that involves using a device to consume an aerosol. C. Inhaling consumption that involves using an e-cigarette. D. An that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes, including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,electronic vaping device use,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050378 1_1_bu2954hw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lissencephaly 5'?","A. A lissencephaly characterized by hydrocephalus, seizures, severely delayed psychomotor development, and cobblestone changes in the cortex, more severe in the posterior region, and subcortical band heterotopia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the LAMB1 gene on chromosome 7q31.1. B. A lissencephaly characterized by lissencephaly in combination with severe congenital microcephaly. C. A lissencephaly characterized by structural brain anomalies, early-onset intractable seizures, severe psychomotor retardation, and ambiguous genitalia that has_material_basis_in mutation in ARX on chromosome Xp21.3. D. A lissencephaly characterized by classic lissencephaly and intellectual disability in males that has_material_basis_in mutation in DCX on chromosome Xq23.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,lissencephaly 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112230 1_1_g4l86jv6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fatty acid C16:1 content measurement'?","A. Yield of dry matter for use as silage B. Measurement of the percentage of grain that passed through a 5.0/64 sieve. C. Measurement of fatty acid C16:1 content D. Measure the lipid content.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fatty acid C16:1 content measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005673 1_1_b8g3d42z,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'transitional stage B cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent. B. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments. C. The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell. D. A part or parts of the hippocampus that have a particular function.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,transitional stage B cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002332 1_1_yr2aewap,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhinal incisure'?","A. An anatomical space that surrounded_by a rectum. B. A fissure in the cerebral cortex that separates the tenia tecta rostrally from the orbital gyri and caudally from the infralimbic cortex C. The space between the digits of the hand or foot. D. A space enclosed within the laminae of the septum pelludicum, the membranous partition that seperates the frontal horns of the ventricle. contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that filters from the ventricles through the septal laminae. bounded anteriorly by the genu of the corpus callosum; superiorly by the body of the corpus callosum; posteriorly by the anterior limb and pillars of the fornix; inferiorly by the anterior commissure and the rostrum of the corpus callosum; and laterally by the leaflets of the septum pellucidum.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,rhinal incisure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8440077 1_1_ulzvh9m2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptidoglycan-associated peptide transport'?","A. The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or a tissue. B. The directed movement of dipeptide from the lysosomal lumen across the lysosomal membrane and into the cytosol. C. The directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains. D. The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,peptidoglycan-associated peptide transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015834 1_1_touo4zag,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete weaver'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete weaver,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000726 1_1_mm8qfmc7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 93'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by male infertility due to asthenozoospermia, with severely reduced sperm motility that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SPAG17 gene on chromosome 1p12. B. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by male infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia with complete meiotic arrest at the primary spermatocyte stage that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the STAG3 gene on chromosome 7q22.1. C. A spermatogenic failure characterized by nonobstructive azoospermia due to complete meiotic arrest at the spermatocyte zygotene or pachytene stage that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the MSH5 gene on chromosome 6p21.33. D. A spermatogenic failure characterized by nonosbtructive azoospermia or multiple morphologic abnormalities of the sperm flagella and markedly reduced progressive sperm motility that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the STK33 gene on chromosome 11p15.4.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 93,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070592 1_1_rh8w7gml,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Crown rust plot severity estimation'?","A. Visual assessment of the severity of lodging observed in a plot. B. Visual assessment of the disease reaction. Infection types are limited to: Resistant (R): chlorotic fleck reaction with no sporulation, Moderately resistant (MR): Very small, non- or low-sporulating pustule surrounded by chlorosis, Moderately susceptible (MS): moderate to large pustule surrounded by extensive chlorosis, and, Susceptible (S): large pustule with little or no chlorosis. C. A qualitative analysis of the type of disease symptoms exhibited by seedlings inoculated with stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae) race NA25 during greenhouse trials. Ratings made using the scale from Stakman et al. (1962): immune= 0, very resistant= 1, moderately resistant= 2, moderately susceptible= 3, and very susceptible= 4. D. Estimation of the severity of crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) symptoms observed in a plot. plots rated 0 exhibit no symptoms, plots rated 9 show severe symptoms.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Crown rust plot severity estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005629 1_1_q9pvuhh8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'shame'?","A. A positive emotion characterized by assured reliance regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process involves an appraisal that the entity is reliable, safe, good and/or honest. B. Disappointment is a negative emotion which is triggered by the disconfirmation of the prospect of a desirable event. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion that is distressing and occurs when one appraises one's behaviour or circumstance as wrong, dishonourable, immodest or indecorous. D. Grief is an intense negative emotion following a bereavement, i.e. the loss of a significant person through that person's death. [Source: OCEAS]",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,shame,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000055 1_1_xeclhnuq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'fracture of head and neck of femur DP'?","A. A network of ligaments holds them in place and allows them to move. A tear in any of these ligaments can result in two or more of your carpal bones being pushed out of their usual position B. an injury involving an external or internal break in body tissue, usually involving the skin C. Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. D. wound on head that is open",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,fracture of head and neck of femur DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000355 1_1_a0zy30m3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf sheath abaxial epidermis'?","A. A portion of leaf sheath epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf sheath . B. A fruit which develops from a carpel and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp , dry mesocarp , and dry endocarp that dehisce along a single fruit valve . C. A portion of leaf sheath epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf sheath . D. A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a leaf sheath .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf sheath abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025250 1_1_50vaessc,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'long shoot'?","A. Shoot system in which the internodes elongate little or at all, bearing reproductive structures and/or leaves. B. Shoot system in which all or most of the internodes elongate. C. An axillary shoot that develops from a tuber axillary bud. D. An axillary shoot system that is part of a stem base .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,long shoot,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004702 1_1_n7tq5qsw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Afro-American community'?","A. A community of persons who belong to an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The phrase generally refers to descendants of enslaved Black people who are from the United States. B. Any of various communities of Black LGBTQIA+ persons. C. Any of various communities of Afro-American LGBTQIA+ persons. D. A community of persons, typically of African descent, classed based on the social construction of race primarily prevalent in Europe and the Americas.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Afro-American community,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007283 1_1_3733xz36,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'JobSim'?","A. Dating and/or mating simulator B. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico C. Vehicle driving simulator D. Job simulation",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,JobSim,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#JobSim 1_1_tenltxyg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'FDA-defined tobacco product'?","A. A product that is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as a tobacco product. B. A product that is designed to contain a product or commodity when sold. C. A product that is a part of an e-cigarette and consists of an e-cigarette atomiser surrounded by a liquid-soaked poly-foam that acts as an e-liquid holder. D. A product that produces a vapour for inhalation by a person.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,FDA-defined tobacco product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000308 1_1_cch8fr3k,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Waterlogging tolerance - Estimation'?","A. Visual assessment of the percentage of plants in a plot showing symptoms of a specific disease. B. Observe relative or absolute area of plant tissue affected by Oat blue dwarf virus and record it. Often severity is represented as a proportion or percentage of plant surface affected. C. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry after a waterlogging event and rate the tolerance. D. A qualitative analysis of the type of disease symptoms exhibited by seedlings inoculated with stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae) race NA1 during greenhouse trials. Ratings made using the scale from Stakman et al. (1962): immune= 0, very resistant= 1, moderately resistant= 2, moderately susceptible= 3, and very susceptible= 4.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Waterlogging tolerance - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000206 1_1_djnybf7h,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'intelligence analyst'?","A. Gather, analyze, or evaluate information from a variety of sources, such as law enforcement databases, surveillance, intelligence networks or geographic information systems. Use intelligence data to anticipate and prevent organized crime activities, such as terrorism. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications. C. Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination. D. Pilot and navigate the flight of fixed-wing aircraft, usually on scheduled air carrier routes, for the transport of passengers and cargo. Requires Federal Air Transport certificate and rating for specific aircraft type used. Includes regional, national, and international airline pilots and flight instructors of airline pilots.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,intelligence analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33302106 1_1_jnv1naia,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyio'?","A. A cluster based method for missing value estimationn is included for comparison. BPCA, PPCA and NipalsPCA may be used to perform PCA on incomplete data as well as for accurate missing value estimation. A set of methods for printing and plotting the results is also provided. B. Routines for parsing Affymetrix data files based upon file format information. Primary focus is on accessing the CEL and CDF file formats. C. This package allows to detect and correct for spatial and intensity biases with two-channel microarray data. The normalization method implemented in this package is based on robust neural networks fitting. D. This package can be used to estimate the number of clusters in a set of microarray data, as well as test the stability of these clusters.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affyio,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000460 1_1_s8gv8jxp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'maintenance of protein location in nucleus'?","A. Any process in which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus. B. Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location a specific location on or in an organelle, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. Encompasses establishment of localization in the membrane or lumen of a membrane-bounded organelle. C. Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a mitochondrion, and is prevented from moving elsewhere. D. Any process in which a protein is maintained in a specific location in a chloroplast, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,maintenance of protein location in nucleus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051457 1_1_n3orjwr4,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Retroactivity'?","A. Prorogation of entry into force, but applied to the efficacy of some norm B. Modifies the efficacy period of some norm C. When a part of an act or some provisions are suspended in coming to be operative for a period or indefinately D. When the efficacy or a partial efficacy starts before the entry into force of the document",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Retroactivity,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Retroactivity 1_1_vayovan3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'xeroderma pigmentosum variant type'?","A. A xeroderma pigmentosum characterized by increased propensity to develop malignant melanoma that has_material_basis_in mutation in the XPC gene on chromosome 3p25. B. A xeroderma pigmentosum characterized by that has_material_basis_in mutation in the ERCC3 gene on chromosome 2q14. C. A syndrome that is characterized by a deficiency in the ability to repair ultraviolet damage that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of DNA repair. D. A xeroderma pigmentosum characterized by normal DNA excision repair, but defective postreplication repair that has_material_basis_in mutations in the POLH gene on chromosome 6p21.1.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,xeroderma pigmentosum variant type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110847 1_1_fwhwyonn,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormal urine hormone level'?","A. A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. B. An abnormal concentration of a hormone in the urine. C. An abnormality of the thyroid gland. D. An abnormality of the endocrine system.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormal urine hormone level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012029 1_1_te3ovfuf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'primate homosexuality'?","A. Homosexuality as observed in humans. B. Homosexuality as observed in mammals. C. A college student who is bisexual. D. Homosexuality as observed in primates.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,primate homosexuality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000748 1_1_3e2o0sen,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'average time to relapse'?","A. A data item which indicates the average time to relapse. B. The aggregate of biological mother in a population. C. A data item which is about the amount of money spent per week on e-cigarettes. D. A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,average time to relapse,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001123 1_1_byaiedg6,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'physical therapy procedure'?","A. A therapeutic procedure that uses synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals B. A therapeutic procedure that uses immune system derived entities. C. A therapeutic procedure that uses physical conditioning D. A therapeutic procedure that uses radiation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,physical therapy procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000115 1_1_x6kclxt8,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'billow cloud'?","A. A cloud containing both water drops (supercooled at temperatures below 0?C) and ice crystals, hence a cloud with a composition between that of a water cloud and that of an ice- crystal cloud. B. A cloud variety composed of merged or separate elements that are elongated and parallel, either suggestive of ocean waves or arranged in ranks and files. C. A low-level, horizontal, wedge-shaped arcus cloud associated with a convective storm's gust front. D. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,billow cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/BillowCloud 1_1_iqi1ontj,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'inner core'?","A. The solid inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel.[Wikipedia] B. The mantle is divided into sections based upon results from seismology. The upper mantle is the region from 33–410 km (20 to 254 miles). The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust. [Wikipedia] C. The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. Earth's mantle is an approximately 2,970 km thick (~1,800 mi) rocky shell that constitutes approximately 84 percent of Earth's volume. [Wikipedia] D. The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,inner core,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/InnerCore 1_1_28k7wn0d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 2'?","A. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia characterized by adult onset of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and signs and symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the RNASEH1 gene on chromosome 2p25.3. B. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SLC25A4 gene on chromosome 4q35.1. C. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. D. A chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TOP3A gene on chromosome 17p11.2.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111517 1_1_31kfln88,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'ray flower'?","A. A small pistillate flower on the margin of a head-type (capitulum) inflorescence . B. A small, pistillate flower that is part of a ear spikelet . C. A sclerenchyma cell that is elongated and tapering. D. A flower that includes as part a single carpel or a gynoecium , but the androecium is absent or has aborted during development.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,ray flower,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025331 1_1_if6u9dg2,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'jealousy'?","A. A positive emotion associated with the appraisal of one's positive social worth, a signal that one is likely to be socially accepted. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable. C. A negative emotion is an emotion that has a negative valence. D. A negative emotion aroused when a person feels threatened by a rival in his or her relationship with another individual, in particular an intimate partner. Involves feelings of threat, fear, suspicion, distrust, anxiety, anger, betrayal, and rejection. [Source: OCEAS]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,jealousy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000025 1_1_kd4u3mzq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'piriformis muscle'?","A. On of the muscles that make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle. B. An activated mature (naive or memory) B cell that is secreting immunoglobulin, typified by being CD27-positive, CD38-positive, CD138-negative. C. The piriformis is a muscle in the gluteal region that originates from the anterior (front) part of the sacrum, the part of the spine in the gluteal region, and from the superior margin of the greater sciatic notch (as well as the sacroiliac joint capsule and the sacrotuberous ligament). It exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur. Its tendon often joins with the tendons of the superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and obturator internus muscles prior to insertion[WP,modified]. D. A descriptive term for a forearm bone that appears to have an additional bone within it on radiography.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,piriformis muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0008529 1_1_txnmiqjw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uveitis'?","A. An uveal disease is characterized by inflammation of any of the layers of the uvea of the eye, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. B. A uveitis characterized by inflammation and pus formation of the uvea, which are the pigmented layers of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, and has_symptom pain, blurry vision, and eye redness. Suppurative uveitis is typically caused by infection, especially by bacterial infection post-operatively or post-traumatically. C. An uveal disease that is located_in the choroid. D. An eye disease affecting the uvea, which are the pigmented layers of the eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uveitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13141 1_1_39ogysxp,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'external import ontology module'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. B. An appraisal which represents an evaluation that the person was treated justly by another person. C. An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. D. A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,external import ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000011 1_1_pwtdxf53,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-2-hydroxyheptadecatetraenoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine'?","A. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 23 carbons and 0 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. B. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 18 carbons and 0 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. C. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 17 carbons and 4 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. D. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 16 carbons and 1 double bond.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-2-hydroxyheptadecatetraenoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71074 1_1_e9wpygk4,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Precentral vein of cerebellum'?","A. Anatomical point of skull at the most lateral part of zygomatic arch. B. Tributary of great cerebral vein, each instance of which arises in some precentral cerebellar fissure and passing anterior and superior to some culmen. C. General anatomical term applied to nerves in which somatic efferent nerve fibers predominate. D. Midline anatomical point of skull which is located at intersection of frontal bone and nasal bones.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Precentral vein of cerebellum,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329305 1_1_e97i8803,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete SBMLR'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete SBMLR,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000377 1_1_4z50a056,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'uncircumcised penis'?","A. A penis which has been circumcised. B. An intromittent organ in certain biologically male organisms. In placental mammals, this also serves as the organ of urination. C. A type of penis resulting from diphallia. It features two penile structures, separated from the tip to the base of the shaft. D. A penis which has not been circumcised.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,uncircumcised penis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007710 1_1_lch3vhz5,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Comic Age'?","A. A comics genre. B. A grade assigned to a comic item that represents a summary of its condition. C. A period of comic book history. D. A format in which a comic is embodied.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Comic Age,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/ComicAge 1_1_9vn3ofc3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Feeding difficulties'?","A. Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it. B. Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention. C. Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day. D. A subjective manifestation of disease localized to the abdomen.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Feeding difficulties,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011968 1_1_v5lgot5r,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'alkyl alcohol'?","A. An aliphatic alcohol in which the aliphatic alkane chain is substituted by a hydroxy group at unspecified position. B. An alcohol derived from an aliphatic compound. C. The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. D. A primary alcohol that is ethane in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,alkyl alcohol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50584 1_1_jryl4gbf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype'?","A. A malignant glioma that is has_material_basis_in astrocyte cells, a type of star-shaped glial cell, located in the brain and spinal cord. B. A high grade glioma that is characterized by the presence of epithelioid cells which express GFAP, and mucinous stroma which contains lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. C. A high grade glioma that is characterized by the absence of histone H3, IDH1, and IDH2 mutations. D. A high grade glioma that has_material_basis_in mutations in the genes encoding histones.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081277 1_1_tdt9g45d,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell-cell signaling involved in lung development'?","A. Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. B. The transfer of information from one cell to another, where an endocrine hormone is transported from the signal-producing cell to the receiving cell via the circulatory system (via blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid). The signaling cell and the receiving cell are often distant to each other. C. Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure. D. A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cell-cell signaling involved in lung development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060495 1_1_ozgtcew1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive osteopetrosis 1'?","A. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of sclerosis predominantly involving the spine, the pelvis, and the skull base, bone fragility and dental abscesses that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CLCN7 gene on chromosome 16p13. B. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TCIRG1 gene on chromosome 11q13.2. C. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of generalized osteosclerosis that is most pronounced in the cranial vault, absence of increased fractures and has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the LRP5 gene on chromosome 11q13. D. An osteopetrosis characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance that has_material_basis_in mutation in the OSTM1 gene on chromosome 6q21.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive osteopetrosis 1,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110942 1_1_1poss9mq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'H plus'?","A. A cell of a filament of a fungal mycelium. B. A S. pombe mating type determined by the mat1-Mc and mat1-Mi on the mat1 locus. C. A fungal cell with two or more genetically distinct nuclei. D. A S. pombe cell type determined by mat1-Pc and mat1-Pi on the mat1 locus.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,H plus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002675 1_1_wtclx0gm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'NADPH'?","A. The reduced form of NADP+; used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent. B. Any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylcholine. C. A derivative of glycerol in which one hydroxy group, commonly but not necessarily primary, is esterified with phosphoric acid and the other two are esterified with fatty acids. D. A class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of ethanolamine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,NADPH,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16474 1_1_mib0qp2f,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pickgene'?","A. This package allows to characterize the operating characeristics of a microarray experiment, i.e. the trade-off between false discovery rate and the power to detect truly regulated genes. The package includes tools both for planned experiments (for sample size assessment) and for already collected data (identification of differentially expressed genes). B. Class definitions for two-color spotted microarray data. Fuctions for data input, diagnostic plots, normalization and quality checking. C. Functions to Analyze Microarray (Gene Expression) Data. D. This package provides examples and code that make use of the different graph related packages produced by Bioconductor.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pickgene,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000657 1_1_k42y1yyh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'divorce counseling'?","A. A form of counseling involving both spouses and directed to improving the marital relationship. B. Counseling used for either unmarried couples/partners or married couples/partners, of mixed or same sex. C. A form of counseling involving either one or both spouses going through divorce. D. An assignment of a nonbinary gender shortly after birth. Note that ""nonbinary"" is only available in certain jurisdictions on birth certificates.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,divorce counseling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008090 1_1_voj69vzd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Manp'?","A. A mannopentaose comprised of an linear chain of four alpha-D-mannose residues, linked sequentially (1->2), (1->2) and (1->6), to the reducing-end residue of which is also linked (1->3) a fifth alpha-D-mannose. B. A branched mannopentaose consisting of alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannosyl-(1->2)-D-mannosewhere the mannosyl residue at the non-reducing end has two further alpha-D-mannosyl residues attached at positions 3 and 6 respectively. C. A branched mannopentaose consisting of five D-mannosyl residues linked via alpha(1->3) and alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds. D. A mannopentaose consisting of D-mannose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 6 have each been glycosylated by an alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->2)-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Manp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1->6)]-alpha-D-Manp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71486 1_1_hxb9oqmd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral therapy'?","A. Use of a substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. B. A broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviorism. C. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. D. The process of allaying nervous excitement or the state of being calmed. (Taber's)",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,behavioral therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000252 1_1_c9zjxyzi,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Publisher'?","A. An agent responsible for the publication of a comic. B. An organization that guarantees the stated condition of a comic book. C. An agent responsible for the distribution of a comic publication. D. A physical or digital library containing a collection of comic resources.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Publisher,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Publisher 1_1_d6450fh7,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse'?","A. Any of various systemic average wage or salary differences between identity groups. B. The state of being an adoptive parent. C. Vaginal vault prolapse which occurs after a hysterectomy. D. Events pertaining to or focused on cross-dressing.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011843 1_1_9mx7zlto,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-(2-furoyl)glycinate'?","A. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol 2-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. B. A steroid glucuronide anion that is the conjugate base of 2-hydroxyestrone 3-O-(beta-D-glucuronide) arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of N-(2-furoyl)glycine, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of naptalam; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-(2-furoyl)glycinate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133665 1_1_vp4y8f26,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tatiopterin metabolic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipid metabolic process.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045937 1_1_aqwn517f,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'proximal phalanx of digit 2'?","A. A proximal phalanx that is part of a pedal digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]. B. A proximal phalanx that is part of a hand digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]. C. A proximal phalanx that is part of a autopod digit 2 [Automatically generated definition]. D. A proximal phalanx that is part of a autopod digit 3 [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,proximal phalanx of digit 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014502 1_1_9jc6dlfl,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'hail'?","A. A sudden squall of rain or sleet in England. B. Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. An individual unit of hail is called a hailstone. By convention, hail has a diameter of 5 mm or more, while smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. C. Rain that falls in liquid form but freezes upon impact to form a coating of glaze upon the ground and on exposed objects. D. Dikes, long, planar (sheet) igneous intrusions, enter along cracks, and therefore often form in large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,hail,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/Hail 1_1_sv2p6lfw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superior mesenteric lymph node group'?","A. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is locatedon the posterior aspect of superior region of head of pancreas. B. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the jejunum. C. Proximal superior mesenteric lymph node group around the main trunk of superior mesenteric artery. D. Intestinal lymph node group around the superior mesenteric artery.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Superior mesenteric lymph node group,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma71801 1_1_e7y2i4qq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organelle membrane'?","A. A membrane region with a lipid composition that is distinct from that of the membrane regions that surround it. B. A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. C. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. D. The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organelle membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031090 1_1_r0wrdpes,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'analysis subset ontology module'?","A. A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. B. A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. C. An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. D. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,analysis subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000008 1_1_1gei61gn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngoconjunctival fever'?","A. A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in brain, or located in meninges, or located in brain and meninges, has_material_basis_in Mammarenavirus choriomeningitidis, which is transmitted by common house mouse, Mus musculus. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom lack of appetite, has symptom headache, has symptom muscle aches, has symptom malaise, has symptom nausea, and has symptom vomiting. B. A viral infectious disease that results in infection located in pharynx or located in conjunctiva, has_material_basis_in Human adenovirus 3 or has_material_basis_in Human adenovirus 7, which are transmitted by droplet spread of respiratory secretions or transmitted by fomites. The infection has symptom fever, has symptom lymphadenopathy of the neck, and has symptom headache. C. A viral infectious disease that results_in infection in rodents and humans, has_material_basis_in Arenaviridae viruses. D. A viral infectious disease that has_material_basis_in Coronavirus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pharyngoconjunctival fever,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13801 1_1_99fgxaew,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'epididymis'?","A. the elongated structure connected to the posterior surface of the testis that transports, stores, and matures spermatozoa between testis and vas deferens B. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. C. An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. D. Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,epididymis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001301 1_1_oi9alduz,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tension wood'?","A. A portion of reaction wood found on the upper side of a shoot axis that is or was angled away from vertical and that has as parts gelatinous fiber cells . B. A tracheid PO:0000301 that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue . C. A portion of secondary xylem found on either the upper or lower side of a shoot axis that is or was angled away from vertical, with anatomical characteristics that depend on whether it is compression wood or tension wood . D. A portion of reaction wood found on the lower side of a shoot axis that is or was angled away from vertical and that has as parts heavily lignified tracheids with a specialized S2 layer that contains more lignin and has a larger (more horizontal) microfibril angle.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tension wood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025474 1_1_sxs84nqv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lake effect'?","A. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. B. The development of an area in the boundary layer (e.g., often observed on surface or 850-mb charts) where moisture values become higher than in the surrounding region. Moisture pooling typically occurs in an area of low-level convergence during the warm (growing) season, and can have a significant effect on convection initiation and evolution. C. An air layer with its base at the ground surface and in which temperature increases with height. These often form at night over land under clear skies and are statically stable. See inversion, lapse rate. D. Generally, the effect of any lake in modifying the weather about its shore and for some distance downwind. This term is applied specifically to the region about the Great Lakes or the Great Salt Lake. More specifically, lake effect often refers to the generation of sometimes spectacular snowfall amounts to the lee of the Great Lakes as cold air passes over the lake surface, extracting heat and moisture, resulting in cloud formation and snowfall downwind of the lake shore.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lake effect,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/LakeEffect 1_1_vn9whyvq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dephosphorylation'?","A. The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule. B. A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. C. The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. D. Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dephosphorylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016311 1_1_86lx7ldb,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'myocyte of anterior internodal tract'?","A. A muscle cell that is part of the atrial septal branch of anterior internodal tract. B. A Purkinje myocyte that is part of the internodal tract. C. A muscle cell that is part of the middle internodal tract. D. A muscle cell that is part of the anterior internodal tract.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,myocyte of anterior internodal tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000287 1_1_x8q4jsuv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'eating behavior'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. B. The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes. C. The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. D. Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,eating behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042755 1_1_aq7onux1,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'anther vascular system'?","A. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a sepal . B. A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a phyllome . C. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in an anther . D. A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a vascular leaf .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,anther vascular system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008013 1_1_dznweogf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of erythrophore differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of erythrophore differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048778 1_1_k6tgrqrp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'enal'?","A. An aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O or RC#C-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to an unsaturated C-C bond at the alpha,beta position. B. Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond. C. A cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. D. An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,enal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51688 1_1_28jh5l2v,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'period'?","A. The largest defined unit of time is the supereon, composed of eons.] [Wikipedia] B. Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia] C. The subdivisions of geologic time. The table of geologic time spans are dates and nomenclature defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. [Wikipedia] D. Eras are divided into periods. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,period,http://sweetontology.net/stateTime/Period 1_1_9p89xke0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ratio'?","A. a data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. B. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. C. A ratio is a data item which is formed with two numbers r and s is written r/s, where r is the numerator and s is the denominator. The ratio of r to s is equivalent to the quotient r/s. D. Odds ratio is a ratio that measures effect size, that is the strength of association between 2 dichotomous variables, one describing an exposure and one describing an outcome. It represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure, compared to the odds of the outcome occurring in the absence of that exposure ( the probability of the event occuring divided by the probability of an event not occurring). The odds ratio is a ratio of describing the strength of association or non-independence between two binary data values by forming the ratio of the odds for the first group and the odds for the second group. Odds ratio are used when one wants to compare the odds of something occurring to two different groups.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ratio,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/STATO_0000184 1_1_6an30msv,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. C. The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,"envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044638 1_1_u7x6zilj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'oligo'?","A. A package to analyze oligonucleotide arrays (expression/SNP/tiling/exon) at probe-level. B. A Graphical User Interface for the limma Microarray package C. Routines for parsing Affymetrix data files based upon file format information. Primary focus is on accessing the CEL and CDF file formats. D. This package finds optimal sets of genes that seperate samples into two or more classes.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,oligo,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000638 1_1_09oum9x5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'inner digits of hand'?","A. A segment of autopod that is part of a manus. B. A segment of the manual digit containing the distal phalanx. C. A digitopodium region that is part of a manus[Obol]. This includes the fingers and metacarpal region, but excludes the carpal region. D. The medial most digit of the manus skeleton.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,inner digits of hand,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4200094 1_1_padglh1w,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Collection'?","A. Minigame achievement describes success in mini-games that have been included in a certain game but are not vital for completing the game. An example could be to complete all the Pizza deliveries in GTA minigame or gaining over 100 dollars while playing poker in Red Dead Redemption. B. Achievement is a reward gained in a game due to some event accomplished in the game. Achievements are commonly used in game industry to reward players for having accomplished tasks in the game. This ontology defines various subclasses of Achievement, which are all based on the classification presented by Markus Montola et al. [Markus Montola, Timo Nummenmaa, Andrés Lucero, Marion Boberg, and Hannu Korhonen, 2009, “Applying game achievement systems to enhance user experience in a photo sharing service”, In Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era (MindTrek '09)] http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1621859 C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Multiplayer achievement describes anything that can be awarded to one or multiple players due to their gameplay in multiplayer. For example, this could be winning 10 Team Fortress matches in a row with the same team or getting killed ten times in a row in Counter-Strike.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Collection,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Collection 1_1_e9bs127y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'endocardial cushion cell'?","A. Any glial cell that is part of some heart. B. An adipocyte that is part of the epicardial fat. C. A fibroblast that is part of the heart. D. A mesenchymal cell of the endocardial cushion. These cells develop via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition when endocardial cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly. Cells from this population form the heart septa and valves.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,endocardial cushion cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0008022 1_1_iyih6dmf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic spinal cord ventral horn'?","A. The ventral grey column of the spinal cord[MP]. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output[GO]. B. A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a thoracic spinal cord. C. A ventral horn of spinal cord that is part of a cervical spinal cord. D. The process in which an antigenically naive CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell as part of an immune response.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,thoracic spinal cord ventral horn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014610 1_1_cxu4q9xw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lens placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation'?","A. Establishment and formation of the optic placode, paired ectodermal placodes that become invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. B. The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, the oxidized form of flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)), which acts as a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase. D. The directed movement of a protein along a microtubule to the spindle pole body, mediated by motor proteins.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lens placode formation involved in camera-type eye formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046619 1_1_kf9y2z2l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electronics engineer, except computer'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate academic or nonacademic activities of preschools or childcare centers and programs, including before- and after-school care. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications. C. Plan and direct cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated properties for reuse. Does not include properties sufficiently contaminated to qualify as Superfund sites. D. Research, design, develop, or test electronic components and systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use employing knowledge of electronic theory and materials properties. Design electronic circuits and components for use in fields such as telecommunications, aerospace guidance and propulsion control, acoustics, or instruments and controls.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"electronics engineer, except computer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17207200 1_1_po8hg19k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left basal segmental artery'?","A. Zone of palmar fascia, each instance of which is strong fibrous, semicylindrical sheaths investing the grooved palmar surface of the proximal or middle phalanx of some finger. B. Basal segmental artery, each instance of which supplies the basal segments of the lower lobe of some left lung. C. Basal segmental artery, each instance of which supplies the basal segments of the lower lobe of some right lung. D. Renal segment supplied by the superior segmental branch of left renal artery.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left basal segmental artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68846 1_1_5xsbt3xx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fore arc basin'?","A. Intra-arc basins are basins that occur between Fore-arc basins and back-arc basins [Wikipedia] B. Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rocks that is deposited in a deep marine facies in the foreland basin of a developing orogen. Flysch is formed under deep marine circumstances, in a quiet and low-energetic depositional environment. [Wikipedia] C. A foreland basin is a depression that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. [Wikipedia] D. A forearc is a depression (basin) in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fore arc basin,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolBasin/ForeArcBasin 1_1_nydzeuxv,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epistemic_Role'?","A. The role of something used in a (mental) reasoning/inference process B. A social role is played by some agent in the context of social activities. The social role brings with it some expectation of 'default' behavior of the role-filler. C. A role is a specification of default behavior and accompanying expectations of the thing 'playing' the role. Similar to actors in a theater who play roles, but are not the roles. Example: student. D. The use or purpose of some object as used in some context.",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Epistemic_Role,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/role.owl#Epistemic_Role 1_1_zuxkaxhp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiomyopathy'?","A. A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper. Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. B. residual effects or conditions produced after the acute phase of a stroke C. A disorder characterized by cessation of the pumping function of the heart. D. heart muscle's pump function is reduced following heart surgery",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,cardiomyopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000563 1_1_mo86uzb0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Counting:cassava mosaic disease incidence 9-month evaluation_method'?","A. Measured percentage of water contained in cassava storage roots at harvest usually estimated as one minus the dry matter content B. The ratio of plants showing symptoms of cassava mosaic disease as a proportion of the total plant stands scored at seven to nine months after planting C. Ratio of the number of plants showing leaf symptoms from cassava brown streak disease out of the total plant stands D. Annual root yield using yield per hectare as a function of the crop duration.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Counting:cassava mosaic disease incidence 9-month evaluation_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010239 1_1_npxo9chb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of cytoplasmic translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of increase in sucrose level. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of cytoplasmic translational initiation in response to stress,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990625 1_1_h3oafrga,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'brittle ductile transition zone'?","A. Transitional crust is crust that is thinned by the upwelling of mantle. [Wikipedia] B. The continental crust is typically from 30 km (20 mi) to 50 km (30 mi) thick, and it is mostly composed of less dense rocks, such as granite, than is the oceanic crust. The continental crust has an average composition similar to that of the igneous rock, andesite.[Wikipedia] C. D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] D. The crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or moon, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,brittle ductile transition zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/BrittleDuctileTransitionZone 1_1_2nazisxm,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Limen nasi'?","A. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa which overlies that part of the levator veli palatini that curves into the soft palate below the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: There are only two instances, the right and the left. B. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa which overlies the upper part of the major alar cartilage. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left limen nasi. C. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa in the middle meatus. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left agger nasi. D. Subdivision of surface of viscerocranial mucosa overlying the lymphoid tissue between the soft palate and the pharyngeal recess. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left lateral pharyngeal bands.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Limen nasi,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59686 1_1_b32tc74t,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Glomerular proteinuria'?","A. A type of proteinuria characterized by increased permeability of the glomerular capillary wall to macromolecules (particularly albumin), whereby protein excretion can reach 20 g/24 h and consists mainly of albumin. B. Excretion in urine of proteins of a size smaller than albumin (molecular weight 69 kD). C. Severely increased amount of excretion of protein in the urine, defined as 3.5 grams per day or more in adults and 40 mg per meter-squared body surface area per hour in children. D. Moderately increased levels of protein in the urine (500-1000 mg per day in adults).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Glomerular proteinuria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_4000058 1_1_1dmd7w6s,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia due to Pseudomonas'?","A. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Escherichia coli bacteria B. pneumonia caused by bacteria C. inflammation of the lung that is caused by bacterial infections D. Pneumonia (infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs) caused by Pseudomonas bacteria",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pneumonia due to Pseudomonas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000390 1_1_x0xmw78q,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Synovial tendon sheath of middle finger'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of finger, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some middle finger. B. Synovial tendon sheath of finger, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some little finger. C. Synovial tendon sheath of finger, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some ring finger. D. Synovial tendon sheath of finger, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some index finger.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Synovial tendon sheath of middle finger,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma42643 1_1_xorqrnpl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'auditory system benign neoplasm'?","A. An auditory system benign neoplasm that is located in the external ear. B. A sensory organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the middle ear. C. An auditory system benign neoplasm that derives_from adipose tissue and is located_in the internal auditory canal. D. A sensory system benign neoplasm that is located in the auditory system.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,auditory system benign neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080619 1_1_4q6k6gm6,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chlorophyll b'?","A. Cork chemical composition in suberin monomores (long-chain alfa, omega-bifunctional fatty acids): Hydroxyoctadecanoid acid B. Limonene content C. Chlorophyll content in leaves D. Chlorophyll b content in leaf green tissue",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Chlorophyll b,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_357:1000289 1_1_tjdjo2dr,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'constitutional genetic disease'?","A. A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. B. A disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. C. A clinically abnormal phenotype. D. A disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder.",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,constitutional genetic disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000035 1_1_3z59on99,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Segment of coracoclavicular ligament'?","A. Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium. B. Endocardium of ventricle which is continuous tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and with the tunica intima of the pulmonary trunk. C. Thyrohyoid ligament, each instance of which is a central, thicker part of some thyrohyoid membrane; its broader upper part is attached to the body of some hyoid bone and its narrow lower end to the superior incisure of some thyroid cartilage. D. Organ segment which is regional part of coracolavicular ligament. Examples: trapezoid part of coracclavicular ligament, conoid part of coracclavicular ligament",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Segment of coracoclavicular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63961 1_1_blv9kq5t,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'presser, textile, garment, or related materials'?","A. Hunt, trap, catch, or gather wild animals or aquatic animals and plants. May use nets, traps, or other equipment. May haul catch onto ship or other vessel. B. Operate or tend washing or dry-cleaning machines to wash or dry-clean industrial or household articles, such as cloth garments, suede, leather, furs, blankets, draperies, linens, rugs, and carpets. Includes spotters and dyers of these articles. C. Clean dishes, kitchen, food preparation equipment, or utensils. D. Press or shape articles by hand or machine.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"presser, textile, garment, or related materials",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51602100 1_1_qka2t29y,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glucocorticoids and synthetic analogues'?","A. application of an analog drug of cortisol that is used for its anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive & antiproliferative effects B. other specified health condition/status not coded for C. removal of organ (surgery/injury) D. when immune system reacts to a foreign substance or food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,glucocorticoids and synthetic analogues,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000530 1_1_zopwn6yw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry seed stage'?","A. The earliest stage of seed development immediately following double fertilization. B. Stages of development of the endosperm. C. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a seed . D. A seed development stage during which the mature seed reaches a low moisture content.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,dry seed stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001040 1_1_vehdykej,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stamen margin'?","A. The margin of a stamen. B. The margin of a carpel. C. A root nodule characterized by a persistent meristem, presence of vascular transfer cells, and cell division in the inner cortex with non-dividing infected cells and bacteria. D. A phyllome margin that is part of a sporophyll .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stamen margin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025020 1_1_zu1wrotb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'recreational hypnosis'?","A. A Mexican American individual who uses an identity label which originated among anti-assimilationist youth in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly among individuals who belonged to the Pachuco subculture. B. Forms of hypnosis practiced as part of recreation, including stage hypnosis and erotic hypnosis, among other types. C. The practice of hypnosis for sexual purposes. D. A human condition involving focused attention, reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,recreational hypnosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005614 1_1_ainmhmht,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'research activity'?","A. Research activity about addiction. B. A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome. C. A planned process which results in physical changes in a specified input material. D. A planned process executed in the performance of scientific research wherein systematic investigations are performed to establish facts and reach new conclusions about phenomena in the world.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,research activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SEPIO_0000004 1_1_nynnixr5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian romance fiction'?","A. A Japanese jargon term for content and a genre involving lesbian relationships or female homoeroticism in light novels, manga, anime, video games and related Japanese media. Yuri focuses on the sexual orientation or the romantic orientation aspects of the relationship, or both, the latter of which is sometimes called shōjo-ai by European and American fandoms, despite its different and negative meaning in actual Japanese. B. Romance fiction pertaining especially to lesbians and/or lesbian culture. C. Romance fiction pertaining especially to gay men and/or gay male culture. D. Romance fiction pertaining especially to LGBTQIA+ persons and/or culture.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lesbian romance fiction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008803 1_1_u6wrqiu4,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'music group'?","A. A person or a group of people (or a computer :-) ), whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination B. Group of musicians, or musical ensemble, usually popular or folk, playing parts of or improvising off of a musical arrangement. C. A digital signal D. Single person whose musical creative work shows sensitivity and imagination.",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,music group,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/MusicGroup 1_1_of99lp7q,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'insect larval abdominal segment'?","A. Any abdominal segment (UBERON:6000021) that is part of some adult abdomen (UBERON:6003023). B. Any segment (UBERON:6000003) that is part of some larval abdomen (UBERON:6001746). C. Any abdominal segment 8 (UBERON:6000029) that is part of some larval abdomen (UBERON:6001746). D. Metameric subdivision of the abdomen.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,insect larval abdominal segment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_6001747 1_1_bdcay5pc,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kachchan'?","A. A local strong wind that blows through the Dzungarian Gate (in western China), a gap in the mountain ridge separating the depression of Lakes Balkash and Ala Kul from that of Lake Ebi Nor. The wind resembles the foehn and brings a sudden rise of temperature, in winter from about -26? to about -1?C. B. A warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range. C. The name given to the foehn in western North America, especially on the plains to the lee or eastern side of the Rocky Mountains in the US and Canada. D. A hot, dry, west or southwest wind of foehn type in the lee of the Sri Lanka hills during the southwest monsoon in June and July.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kachchan,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Kachchan 1_1_mnq1xzk4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'atomoxetine'?","A. A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. C. An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. D. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,atomoxetine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_127342 1_1_z7v788n4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel'?","A. A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of a high voltage-gated calcium channel. B. A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a Golgi membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. A process in which a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other into the cytosol by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. The directed movement of calcium ion from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061577 1_1_qob6z1ft,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'schizophrenia 9'?","A. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the RBM12 gene on chromosome 20q11. B. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in a mutation of the DISC1 gene on chromosome 1q42.2. C. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in a mutation of the SLC1A1 gene on chromosome 9p24.2. D. A schizophrenia that has_material_basis_in a mutation on chromosome 15q13.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,schizophrenia 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070085 1_1_121m2kbr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE)'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE),http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000337 1_1_vh6tq3yh,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'attractiveness'?","A. A quality that causes an interest, desire in, or gravitation to something or someone. B. A relationship represents a directional (binary) association between two entities in which the observed entity is associated to the given entity. C. Any of various attributes of an organism or other biological material. D. The distinguishing qualities or prominent aspect of a person, object, action, process, or substance.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,attractiveness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006433 1_1_3w9u681b,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'optomotor response'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism. B. Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish. C. The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus. D. Speaking behaviour in which a short utterance is produced.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,optomotor response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071632 1_1_3o4ck90e,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'sticks'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of sun-dried flaked tobacco mixed with or without lime. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco is mixed with aromatic substances, salts, water, and other hydrating agents to form a tobacco-based paste that is sold in toothpaste-like tubes. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for nasal use, that is composed of dried tobacco and made into a fine powder. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form sticks.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,sticks,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001003 1_1_tenhjf6s,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stipule'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf. B. The apical most portion of a phyllome apex. C. A cardinal organ part , usually apical, that is part of a carpel or group of fused carpels on which the pollen germinates. D. A cardinal organ part that is an ear-shaped outgrowth of the distal part of a leaf sheath .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stipule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020041 1_1_vmwhd2i3,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'brownfield redevelopment specialist or site manager'?","A. Sell business goods or services, the selling of which requires a technical background equivalent to a baccalaureate degree in engineering. B. Provide and manage health education programs that help individuals, families, and their communities maximize and maintain healthy lifestyles. Use data to identify community needs prior to planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May link health systems, health providers, insurers, and patients to address individual and population health needs. May serve as resource to assist individuals, other health professionals, or the community, and may administer fiscal resources for health education programs. C. Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports. D. Plan and direct cleanup and redevelopment of contaminated properties for reuse. Does not include properties sufficiently contaminated to qualify as Superfund sites.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,brownfield redevelopment specialist or site manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11919911 1_1_naqysj2i,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian studies'?","A. An interdisciplinary academic field of study that is focused on girlhood and girls' culture that combines advocacy and the direct perspectives and thoughts of girls themselves. B. An interdisciplinary field of study analyzing the cultural, historical, and interpersonal impact of the lesbian experience on society. C. An interdisciplinary field of study analyzing the cultural, historical, and interpersonal impact of gay men's experiences on society. D. The academic field which examines topics concerning women, feminism, and the relationship of gender and politics.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,lesbian studies,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002377 1_1_zx7pts3o,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'specific permeability'?","A. The rate of flow of water through a unit cross-sectional area under a unit hydraulic gradient at the prevailing temperature (field permeability coefficient) or adjusted to a temperature of 150C (60-F). B. The permeability measured when the rock contains only one fluid. C. A measure of the relative ease with which a porous medium can transmit a fluid under a potential gradient and is a property of the medium alone (after Lohman and others, 1972). The property of a porous medium itself that expresses the ease with which gases, liquids, or other substances can pass through it. D. The observed permeability of a porous medium to one fluid phase under conditions of physical interaction between this phase and other fluid phases present.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,specific permeability,http://sweetontology.net/propMassFlux/SpecificPermeability 1_1_dv9f3og2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'trunk blood vessel'?","A. A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. B. A blood vessel that is part of the arterial system. Includes artery, arteriole and aorta. C. A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. D. A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,trunk blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003513 1_1_pauwj6on,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell body'?","A. A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell or cells. This does not include the periplasmic space. B. The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen. C. The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. D. The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cell body,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044297 1_1_1undy8ng,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'heteroarene'?","A. A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). B. An amino compound in which the amino group is linked directly to an aromatic system. C. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element. D. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,heteroarene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33833 1_1_g58t1row,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential'?","A. Any action potential process that regulates skeletal muscle contraction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by action potential,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0100001 1_1_pyeawa73,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'large intestine Peyer's patch'?","A. The protruding lymphoid tissue located on the mucosa of the intestine that is composed of densely packed B cell follicles. B. Nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. D. A Peyer's patch that is part of a large intestine.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,large intestine Peyer's patch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003453 1_1_k83tkwkx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified kidney failure DP'?","A. Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the glomeruli (glomerulonephritis), or small blood vessels in the kidneys. B. a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine C. A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of renal insufficiency. D. An acute infection of the bladder",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified kidney failure DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000274 1_1_xq6nox02,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'alar central lobule'?","A. The region of a cerebellar lobule that resides in either of the lateral sections of the cerebellum outside the vermis; in mammals, the vermis portion of the cerebellum has a foliation pattern along the AP axis that is distinct from the lateral cerebellar hemispheres. B. The lobulus centralis is a small square lobule, situated in the anterior cerebellar notch. It overlaps the lingula, from which it is separated by the precentral fissure; laterally, it extends along the upper and anterior part of each hemisphere, where it forms a wing-like prolongation, the alar central lobule. [WP,unvetted]. C. The biventer lobule (or biventral lobule) is triangular in shape; its apex points backward, and is joined by the gray band to the pyramid. The lateral border is separated from the inferior semilunar lobule by the postpyramidal fissure. The base is directed forward, and is on a line with the anterior border of the tonsil, and is separated from the flocculus by the postnodular fissure. D. A lobule comprising the greater part of the hemisphere of the cerebellum; its superior and inferior surfaces are separated by the horizontal fissure into major parts known as crus I (superior semilunar lobule) and crus II (inferior semilunar lobule).",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,alar central lobule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003013 1_1_rr93ulri,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'actinotrichium'?","A. A venous channel found between layers of dura mater in the brain. Receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. B. Elastoidin fin ray that is slender, sometimes branched distally and present in the embryonic fin fold. Actinotrichia are translucent and exhibit birefringence. C. Cartilaginous, distal expansion of the lamina orbitonasalis that invests the pars facialis of the maxilla medially. D. The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,actinotrichium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000089 1_1_qyxkyfh0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete RBGL'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete RBGL,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000333 1_1_awezjiuc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior papillary muscle of left ventricle'?","A. Papillary muscle of left ventricle which has as its parts the posteromedial and anterior heads of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle and is continuous with the inferior wall of left ventricle.. B. Papillary muscle of right venricle which is attached to the wall of right ventricle below the anteroposterior commissure of tricuspid valve and the septomarginal trabecula. C. Papillary muscle of right ventricle which is attached to the wall of right ventricle below the posteroseptal commissure of tricuspid valve. D. Papillary muscle of left ventricle which has as its parts the anterolateral and posterior heads of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle that is continuous with the lateral wall of left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior papillary muscle of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7264 1_1_nky9hjax,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stalk diameter'?","A. Stalk diameter B. Plants per unit area or sample C. Male sterility type D. Achene yield fresh",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stalk diameter,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000229 1_1_argdi24v,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'single layer subset ontology module'?","A. A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. B. An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. C. A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. D. A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,single layer subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000009 1_1_h0ntwx0v,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'caerulomycin J'?","A. An N-acetylneuraminic acid that is keto-neuraminic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. B. An amino disaccharide consisting of beta-D-Galp joined by a (1->4) glycosidic bond to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopranose. C. A pyridine alkaloid that is 2,2'-bipyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and an (acetylamino)methyl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine-derived actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. D. A member of the class of bipyridines that is 2,2'-bipyridine in which the hydrogens situated para to the ring nitrogens have been replaced by methyl and carboxy groups.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,caerulomycin J,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69229 1_1_p0rervl7,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'dental laboratory technician'?","A. Construct and repair full or partial dentures or dental appliances. B. Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing. C. Drive electric, diesel-electric, steam, or gas-turbine-electric locomotives to transport passengers or freight. Interpret train orders, electronic or manual signals, and railroad rules and regulations. D. Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,dental laboratory technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51908100 1_1_tstcdedf,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diabetes mellitus (disease)'?","A. A broad grouping of diseases based on major body subdivisions. B. An active inflammatory process affecting the liver for more than six months. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune disorders, drugs, and metabolic disorders. C. A disease or disorder that involves the digestive system. D. A metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally high blood sugar levels due to diminished production of insulin or insulin resistance/desensitization.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,diabetes mellitus (disease),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005015 1_1_vbyljsme,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nested Case-control Study'?","A. A clinical tool that measures and evaluates cognition of the patient with certain time intervals while maintaining the consistency in parameters employed in testing. B. A study in which a group or cohort of individuals is followed for a certain length of time or until a specific outcome is reached. Studies of this type incorporate the strengths of both cohort and case-control studies but eliminates a portion of the methodologic challenges inherent in both types of studies. C. A study in which participants with no known disease are initially assessed, and then reassessed for the same characteristic at mutiple timepoints in the future. D. A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Nested Case-control Study,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C48202 1_1_dbmuiee1,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'political activist'?","A. Persons who advocate for any of various political changes and/or reforms. B. Persons who utilize the internet in order to support any of various forms of activism. C. Persons who advocate for any of various social changes and/or movements. D. A person who advocates for protection of the natural environment.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,political activist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002016 1_1_7gm8oykt,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lesser trochanter'?","A. Viscus located in the abdomen. Examples: liver, pancreas, stomach B. Zone of proximal epiphysis of femur, each instance of which is a short conical process projecting posteromedially from the lower part of the posterior border of the base of the neck of some femur. C. Developmental stage from 4 weeks to 1 year. D. Zone of proximal epiphysis of femur, each instance of which is some broad, rounded process, flattened medially, at the lateral part of the proximal epiphysis of some femur, to which several muscles are attached.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lesser trochanter,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32853 1_1_h4pu8r5w,"In the ontology of Organization, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rôle'?","A. Denotes a role that a Person or other Agent can take in an organization. Instances of this class describe the abstract role; to denote a specific instance of a person playing that role in a specific organization use an instance of `org:Membership`. It is common for roles to be arranged in some taxonomic structure and we use SKOS to represent that. The normal SKOS lexical properties should be used when labelling the Role. Additional descriptive properties for the Role, such as a Salary band, may be added by extension vocabularies. B. Represents an event which resulted in a major change to an organization such as a merger or complete restructuring. It is intended for situations where the resulting organization is sufficient distinct from the original organizations that it has a distinct identity and distinct URI. Extension vocabularies should define sub-classes of this to denote particular categories of event. The instant or interval at which the event occurred should be given by `prov:startAtTime` and `prov:endedAtTime`, a description should be given by `dct:description`. C. Indicates the nature of an Agent's membership of an organization. Represents an n-ary relation between an Agent, an Organization and a Role. It is possible to directly indicate membership, independent of the specific Role, through use of the `org:memberOf` property. D. An office or other premise at which the organization is located. Many organizations are spread across multiple sites and many sites will host multiple locations. In most cases a Site will be a physical location. However, we don't exclude the possibility of non-physical sites such as a virtual office with an associated post box and phone reception service. Extensions may provide subclasses to denote particular types of site.",A,1_1,business_finance/organization_ontology,Rôle,http://www.w3.org/ns/org#Role 1_1_gd2tauxl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PSI-BLAST'?","A. The C++ version of the command line BLAST+ tool made by the NCBI. (See also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1763) B. Position-Specific Iterated (PSI)-BLAST is the most sensitive BLAST program, making it useful for finding very distantly related proteins or new members of a protein family. Use PSI-BLAST when your standard protein-protein BLAST search either failed to find significant hits, or returned hits with descriptions such as ""hypothetical protein"" or ""similar to..."". C. Nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST (blastn) is a type of BLAST software that takes a given DNA query and returns the most similar DNA sequences from the DNA database that the user specifies. D. BLAST, or Basic Local Alignment Search Tool in full, is an algorithm for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of different proteins or the nucleotides of DNA sequences.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PSI-BLAST,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000135 1_1_1b8u2pta,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Giraffe'?","A. They eat grasses and broad-leafed plants B. An animal that eats both plants and animals (or parts thereof) C. Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat only leaves. D. Note cf v1: I changed the 'only' to 'some' in the ""eats some herbivore"", and made into equivalent class cf subclass, so I can get my lion1 be classified as an instance of Lion. and 'closed' the axiom.",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Giraffe,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Giraffe 1_1_38c34fhi,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinal bipolar neuron'?","A. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. B. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors. C. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. D. Interneuron of the vertebrate retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,retinal bipolar neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000748 1_1_vkcee4gl,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'unspecified fracture of upper end of humerus'?","A. Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts during the natural formation of healthy bones B. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is caused by the thinning of the bones C. fracture or break in the upper end of the humerus D. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,unspecified fracture of upper end of humerus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000526 1_1_rb99q32i,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development. D. Any process that reduces the occurrence or rate of mesenchymal stem cell death by apoptotic process that contributes to the shaping of the nephron.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900212 1_1_rkbk8gw5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitotic recombination'?","A. A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules. B. The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged. C. A DNA repair process that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region. D. The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous DNA region that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,mitotic recombination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006312 1_1_6nyipquy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cardiac atrium'?","A. Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. B. Organ chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a cardiac atrium or ventricle. C. Cardiac chamber which consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of an atrium. D. Left cardiac chamber which is continuous with the pulmonary venous trunk.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cardiac atrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7099 1_1_ceof332f,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'symptom'?","A. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) B. A process experienced by the patient, which can only be experienced by the patient, that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. C. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) D. A process which has as parts all the processes in which a given organism is participant.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,symptom,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000020 1_1_d0adq2b8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anti-signal recognition particle antibody positivity'?","A. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against Amphiphysin. B. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the blood circulation that react against phosphatidyl inositol. C. The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react to Anti-MDA5 (Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated proteine 5). D. The presence of autoantibodies (immunoglobulins) in the serum that react against anti-signal recognition particle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anti-signal recognition particle antibody positivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033713 1_1_xhymb6x2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete ArrayNorm'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete ArrayNorm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000040 1_1_6sdyn9mt,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'PAM complex, Tim23 associated import motor'?","A. Any protein complex that is part of the inner mitochondrial membrane. B. Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the TIM23 mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase complex (GO:0005744); ATPase motor activity to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix. C. A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses polyprenyl diphosphate synthase activity involved in the synthesis of the isoprenoid chain of ubiquinone whose length varies between organisms. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1. D. A protein complex that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase by facilitating assembly of the peripheral stalk. Loss of INAC function causes dissociation of the F1-domain from the membrane-integral Fo-portion.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"PAM complex, Tim23 associated import motor",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001405 1_1_v77kv345,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf biomass'?","A. An assessment of chlorosis symptoms. B. Amount of aboveground plant biomass (leaves and stems). C. The amount (weight) of filled seed that was harvested per unit area or plant. D. The amount (weight) of leaves per unit area or plant.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf biomass,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_345:0000025 1_1_izq7yf2a,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'tremor'?","A. Low amplitude, continuous earthquake activity often associated with magma movement. B. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along a fault. [Wikipedia] C. A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind. D. Infrequently, any energy propagated by a physical quantity governed by a wave equation.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,tremor,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolSeismicity/Tremor 1_1_yt4hbyok,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual fidelity'?","A. A polyamorous group of persons committed to one another, not having sexual and/or romantic ties to others outside of the group. B. The quality of faithfulness or loyalty. C. Engaging in sexual activities only with one's parter or partners. D. Engaging in romantic activities only with one's parter or partners.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual fidelity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004689 1_1_0qet7fof,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'frontal fog'?","A. Fog formed by orographic lifting to condensation of moist air up a mountain slope. B. A type of fog, composed of suspended particles of ice, partly ice crystals 20 to 100 m in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12?20 m in diameter. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30?C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45?C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30?C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled (see frost smoke). See ice-crystal haze, arctic mist. C. A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America. It creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area. D. Fog associated with frontal zones and frontal passages. It is usually divided into three types: warm-front prefrontal fog; cold-front post-frontal fog; and frontal-passage fog. The first two types are a result of rain falling into cold stable air and raising the dewpoint temperature. Frontal-passage fog can result from the ?mixing of warm and cold air masses in the frontal zone? or by ?sudden cooling of air over moist ground.?",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,frontal fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/FrontalFog 1_1_6qhwckgk,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'legislator'?","A. Design or conduct work-related training and development programs to improve individual skills or organizational performance. May analyze organizational training needs or evaluate training effectiveness. B. Develop, introduce, or enact laws and statutes at the local, tribal, state, or federal level. Includes only workers in elected positions. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities designed to create or maintain a favorable public image or raise issue awareness for their organization or client. D. Plan, implement, upgrade, or monitor security measures for the protection of computer networks and information. Assess system vulnerabilities for security risks and propose and implement risk mitigation strategies. May ensure appropriate security controls are in place that will safeguard digital files and vital electronic infrastructure. May respond to computer security breaches and viruses.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,legislator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11103100 1_1_bdinhk29,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 2'?","A. A congenital hypothyroidism characterized by thyroid hormone deficiency that is present from birth and results from defects in thyroid hormone synthesis. B. A congenital hypothyroidism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PAX8 gene on chromosome 2q13. C. A congenital hypothyroidism characterized by relatively mild central hypothyroidism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous or hemizygous mutation in the TBL1X gene on chromosome Xp22.3-p22.2. D. A congenital hypothyroidism characterized by normal-to-low T4 and normal-to-high thyrotropin levels, with reduced or absent pituitary responsiveness to thyrotropin-releasing hormone that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TRHR gene on chromosome 8q23.1.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070124 1_1_oq4e7by1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Net blotch severity'?","A. Barley leaf rust severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia hordei. B. Net blotch severity in the plants caused by the agent Pyrenophora teres (Helminthosporium teres). C. Stripe rust (yellow rust) severity in the plants caused by the agent Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. D. The plant damage caused by root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Net blotch severity,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000406 1_1_0wdj4hi2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Generalized edema'?","A. an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli B. signs such as jaw pain or chills that help identify the disease C. An inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable. D. fluid accumulation that affects the whole body rather than particular organs or body areas.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Generalized edema,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000525 1_1_f0hi7mhw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:605'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:605,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000128 1_1_uafn3ah3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Metatarsal osteolysis'?","A. Osteolysis involving metatarsal bones. B. Osteosclerosis of the endosteal surface of the diaphyses (shafts) of the metatarsal bones. C. A condition in which the anterior part of the foot rotates outward away from the midline of the body and the heel remains straight. D. Y-shaped metatarsals are the result of a partial fusion of two metatarsal bones, with the two arms of the Y pointing in the distal direction. Y-shaped metatarsals may be seen in combination with polydactyly.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Metatarsal osteolysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001473 1_1_r5mzm9r7,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'lose event'?","A. Curiosity describes funny random things that can happen or be found in the game. An example could be jumping from the Eiffel tower without dying or following a comupter controlled character’s activities for one hour. B. GameEvent describes an event that takes place in a game without straight player interaction. GameEvents are often very specific for each game. Examples of GameEvent could be an enemy dying, connecting to a multiplayer server, loading a new level or playing an animation. C. GainEvent describes an event that is related to character/player gaining something in a game. This is a subclass of GameEvent as gaining something is related to a specific game. For example, a player can gain a new character, achievement or item. D. LoseEvent describes an event that is related to character/player losing something in a game. This is a subclass of GameEvent as gaining something is related to a specific game. For example, a player can lose a character due to trade with another player. Another example would be a character losing item due to consuming it.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,lose event,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#LoseEvent 1_1_ku6781nm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'episodic ataxia type 2'?","A. An episodic ataxia that is characterized by periodic ataxia, myokymia, vertigo and tinnitus, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance. B. A hereditary ataxia characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia with or without continuous muscle movement. C. An episodic ataxia that is characterized by periodic ataxia and nystagmus, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of mutation in the calcium channel gene CACNA1A. D. An episodic ataxia that is characterized by episodes of weakness and dysarthria, and has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,episodic ataxia type 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050990 1_1_ptnflchh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sea state'?","A. A quality in which events occur in sequence. B. A physical quality which inheres in a marine water body by virtue of the height, wavelength, period, and directional energy flux of its waves which evolve into swell through nonlinear dynamics. C. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being derived from, part of, or otherwise dependent on the seas or oceans. D. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to exert an attractive or repulsive force on other entities.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sea state,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001374 1_1_89nsam2r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'scattering coefficient'?","A. A measure of the extinction due to scattering of monochromatic radiation as it traverses a medium containing scattering particles. B. An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia] C. The extinction coefficient for a particular substance is a measure of how well it scatters and absorbs electromagnetic radiation (EM waves). If the EM wave can pass through very easily, the material has a low extinction coefficient. Conversely, if the radiation hardly penetrates the material, but rather quickly becomes extinct within it, the extinction coefficient is high. D. The vertically averaged vorticity of a layer divided by layer thickness.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,scattering coefficient,http://sweetontology.net/propSpaceDistance/ScatteringCoefficient 1_1_1jttcqqw,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Message Flow'?","A. A Message Flow is used to show the flow of messages between two participants that are prepared to send and receive them. In BPMN, two separate Pools in the Diagram will represent the two participants (e.g., business entities or business roles). B. An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects. C. present the attributes common to all Event Details and the specific attributes for the Event Details that have additional attributes. Note that the Cancel and Terminate Event Details do not have additional attributes D. Event Based Exclusive Gateway",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Message Flow,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#message_flow 1_1_k4vcozrb,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'phenocryst'?","A. constituent occurs as a collection of particles that are characterized by average properties of the individual particles B. Relict crystal in metamorphic rock, in groundmass of relatively finer-grained material. Connotes that groundmass is result of tectonic reduction in grain size. C. A phenocryst is a relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of a porphyritic igneous rock. Phenocrysts often have euhedral forms either due to early growth within a magma or by post-emplacement recrystallization. [Wikipedia] D. Constituent occurs as crystals formed by metamorphic crystallization, set in a finer-grained groundmass.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,phenocryst,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Phenocryst 1_1_sn55zsyq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GEMTools 2.4'?","A. Processes fluorescent images of microarrays B. Incyte GEMTools software is an enterprise solution for managing gene expression data using the SQL Server and Oracle relational databases. It was one of the first integrated software packages designed with an easy-to-use interface to help scientist track and analyze the vast amounts of gene expression data generated from microarray experiments. GEMTools can be used quantify and graphically display your gene expression data. Incyte Genomics relied on the GEMTools for internal operations and to track each well, probe, cDNA target, and other components of GEM arrays through ordering, fabrication, image analysis, and final data delivery. C. Seurat is an R package designed for QC, analysis, and exploration of single-cell RNA-seq data. Seurat aims to enable users to identify and interpret sources of heterogeneity from single-cell transcriptomic measurements, and to integrate diverse types of single-cell data. D. Genedata Expressionist® is an enterprise solution that integrates, stores and analyzes transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics data as well as a wide variety of phenotypic data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GEMTools 2.4,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100109 1_1_rt1b3kax,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'middle school teacher, except special or career/technical education'?","A. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals. Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold. B. Design or oversee projects involving provision of potable water, disposal of wastewater and sewage, or prevention of flood-related damage. Prepare environmental documentation for water resources, regulatory program compliance, data management and analysis, and field work. Perform hydraulic modeling and pipeline design. C. Teach one or more subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level. D. Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one language into another.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"middle school teacher, except special or career/technical education",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25202200 1_1_sindl1pb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5'?","A. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease that is characterized by pyramidal features including extensor plantar responses, mild increase in tone, and preserved or increased reflexes but no spastic gait. B. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease characterized by demyelinating or axonal abnormalities that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance. C. A neuromuscular disease that is characterized by a slowly progressive degeneration of the muscles of the foot, lower leg, hand and forearm. D. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease characterized by demyelination of the peripheral nerve axons.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080067 1_1_u8w4oeyw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(S)-haloxyfop(1-)'?","A. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion resulting from removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of N,N-dihydroxy-L-isoleucine. B. A carbohydrate acid anion that is the conjugate base of D-glucopyranuronic acid. C. The conjugate base of (2-chloro-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-2-furyl)acetic acid; major species at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of (S)-haloxyfop.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(S)-haloxyfop(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136718 1_1_gyn8t1k0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 86'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by male infertility due to multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagella with severely reduced sperm motility that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the DNAH10 gene on chromosome 12q24.31. B. A spermatogenic failure characterized by acrosomal defects of the spermatozoa, resulting in oocyte activation deficiency and fertilization failure, that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ACTL7A gene on chromosome 9q31.3. C. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of azoospermia or moderate to severe oligozoospermia that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NR5A1 gene on chromosome 9q33. D. A spermatogenic failure that is characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance of nonobstructive azoospermia caused by meiotic abnormalities that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SYCP3 gene on chromosome 12q23.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 86,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070585 1_1_scj4924v,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoving'?","A. To push someone roughly. B. A directed physical attack with either a part of the human body or with an inanimate object (such as a weapon) intended to cause blunt trauma or penetrating trauma upon an opponent. C. The false belief that COVID-19 does not exist, or that some aspect of the diseases it causes or the widespread nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has been exaggerated or fabricated by the medical community or world governments. D. The act of inflicting physical harm upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,shoving,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_008541 1_1_5geuvez1,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Perlman syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MCT8 gene on chromosome Xq13. B. A syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios with neonatal macrosomia, nephromegaly, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, nephroblastomatosis, and predisposition to Wilms tumor. It shows similarities to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. C. A syndrome that is characterized by congenital profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and generalized albino-like hypopigmentation of skin, eyes and hair that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MITF gene on chromosome 3p13. D. A syndrome that is characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation and a characteristic facial appearance including but not limited to narrow or triangular shaped head, micrognathia, ptosis, a broad, wide-tipped nose, and wide-set eyes with drooping eyelids.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Perlman syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060476 1_1_ambpstrq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Respiratory infection, not elsewhere classified'?","A. Respiratory tract infections not specified as acute, chronic, lower, or upper B. Respiratory disorders, or lung diseases, are disorders such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, lung cancer, mesothelioma, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis. C. An artery that supplies the myocardium. D. disease of the bronchus",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Respiratory infection, not elsewhere classified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000212 1_1_ciskcv3v,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '22-ketocholesterol'?","A. A 3beta-sterol that is cholesterol carrying an oxo group at position 22. B. Any tetracyclic triterpenoid that is derived from 4,4-dimethyl-8,14-cholestadien-3beta-ol. C. A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7. D. A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholest-8-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,22-ketocholesterol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_143264 1_1_hflgts02,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other viral pneumonia'?","A. a lung infection that inflames and infects the aveoli B. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system. Contagious and hard to treat. C. a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus D. pneumonia attacks the respiratory system caused by SARS-CoV-2",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other viral pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000161 1_1_6431ogvh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of non-retail sales worker'?","A. Promote worksite or product safety by applying knowledge of industrial processes, mechanics, chemistry, psychology, and industrial health and safety laws. Includes industrial product safety engineers. B. Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records. C. Manage biofuels production and plant operations. Collect and process information on plant production and performance, diagnose problems, and design corrective procedures. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of sales workers other than retail sales workers. May perform duties such as budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of non-retail sales worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41101200 1_1_8vaceofd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sandy beach'?","A. A beach which is primarily composed of sand. B. A beach which is part of a lake shore. C. A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. D. A beach which is part of a sea shore.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sandy beach,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002199 1_1_6if1qfum,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'NCBITaxon_10294'?","A. Victims of murder who are LGBTQIA+. B. A genus of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. The type species is Herpesvirus 1, Human. C. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known by their taxonomical names Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, are two members of the human Herpesviridae family, a set of viruses that produce viral infections in the majority of humans. D. A subfamily of Herpesviridae characterized by a short replication cycle. The genera include: Simplexvirus; Varicellovirus; Marek's disease-like viruses; and Iltovirus.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,NCBITaxon_10294,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10294 1_1_eh1ysxy7,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'crossing guard or flagger'?","A. Operate or tend machinery at surface mining site, equipped with scoops, shovels, or buckets to excavate and load loose materials. B. Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials. C. Operate pile drivers mounted on skids, barges, crawler treads, or locomotive cranes to drive pilings for retaining walls, bulkheads, and foundations of structures such as buildings, bridges, and piers. D. Guide or control vehicular or pedestrian traffic at such places as streets, schools, railroad crossings, or construction sites.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,crossing guard or flagger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33909100 1_1_247u6s1y,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'basal ganglion'?","A. Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. B. A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. C. Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM). D. An individual member of a collection of basal ganglia. Basal ganglia are subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF,modified].",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,basal ganglion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002420 1_1_ulkgoapp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'formic acid secretion'?","A. The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or a tissue. B. The controlled release of acid by a cell or a tissue. C. The regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a cell or a tissue. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues. D. The controlled release of formic acid, HCOOH, by a cell or a tissue.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,formic acid secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046721 1_1_7klh2vit,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'trachyte'?","A. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69% silica or more, and is rich in potassium and sodium. B. A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. C. A group of fine-grained, generally porphyritic, extrusive igneous rocks having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals as the main components, and possibly a small amount of sodic plagioclase. D. Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color and contains 62% to 69% silica and moderate a mounts of sodium and potassium.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,trachyte,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/Trachyte 1_1_x1z6zjnz,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Allowed'?","A. Something which is both allowed and disallowed through some norm B. Some thing which is qualified (allowed, disallowed) by a norm, i.e. a norm applies to the thing. Taking the principle of deontic choice to mean that the utterer of a normative statement intends to influence choices made by the addressee of the statement, the qualified thing should is comparable to some alternative. Note that Qualified does not partition into Allowed and Disallowed. Firstly, things can be Allowed by one Norm and Disallowed by another one. Secondly, the logical complement of the thing allowed by a permission is qualified (as worse or equal than the thing allowed), but neither allowed nor disallowed. C. See normatively qualified. Alternative labels: permitted, sanctioned, let, licensed. D. See Qualified. Alternative labels: violation, prohibited, forbidden",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Allowed,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Allowed 1_1_2s4pdutr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hengel-Maroofian-Schols syndrome'?","A. A syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in the OFD1 gene on chromosome Xp22 and is characterized by developmental delay, macrocephaly, and respiratory problems. B. A syndrome characterized by arthrogryposis, cerebral parenchymal underdevelopment, clubfoot, and global developmental delay with severe cases being incompatible with life that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KIAA1109 gene on chromosome 4q27. C. A syndrome characterized by infant or early childhood onset, impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, pyramidal signs, microcephaly, short stature, and dysmorphic facial features has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the BCAS3 gene on chromosome 17q23. D. A syndrome characterized by polyhydramnios with neonatal macrosomia, nephromegaly, distinctive facial appearance, renal dysplasia, nephroblastomatosis, and predisposition to Wilms tumor. It shows similarities to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Hengel-Maroofian-Schols syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070408 1_1_q1gr7ao1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'FEV1'?","A. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. B. A data item that is a measure of lung function, and is about the maximal amount of air a person can forcefully exhale in one second. C. A data item that is the concentration of cannabinoids in a cannabis product. D. A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a cigarette.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,FEV1,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001028 1_1_om7b4hdt,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-tetradecenoic acid'?","A. A tetradecenoic acid having its double bond in the 7-position. B. A tetradecenoic acid having its double bond in the 2-position. C. A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by chlorine. D. A methyl-branched, trienoic fatty acid consisting of dodeca-2,6,10-trienoic acid having three methyl substituents at the 3-, 7- and 11-positions.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-tetradecenoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61366 1_1_rzcj09ah,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'moazagotl'?","A. A local, often abrupt lowering from a cumulonimbus cloud base into a low-hanging accessory cloud, normally a kilometer or more in diameter. B. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. C. A stationary bank of cirriform cloud marking the upper portion of the system of lenticular clouds formed in the lee wave produced by flow across the Sudeten Mountains in southeastern Germany; a type of foehn cloud. D. (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,moazagotl,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/Moazagotl 1_1_dt4b56ag,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Communicating hydrocephalus'?","A. inadequate reabsorption of CSF B. A brief stroke (from a few minutes to an hour) of cerebral dysfunction when the blood supply to this part of the brain is blocked C. symmetric, ascending weakness that progresses over days and is associated with normal sensation, with often preserved tendon reflexes, and with an increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration. D. Flaccid paralysis is a clinical manifestation characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Communicating hydrocephalus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000095 1_1_urfd8ak2,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 12'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 10q24. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 10p13. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 7q36. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 8p12-q22.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 12,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012609 1_1_kwud17qw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tassel inflorescence branch'?","A. The long branch that arise from the central spike of tassel in maize. B. An inflorescence branch arising on a first order tassel inflorescence axis or from a higher order inflorescence branch that is part of a tassel inflorescence . C. An inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of an inflorescence axis . D. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a fourth order inflorescence axis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tassel inflorescence branch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006323 1_1_w3wk8qlk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Stress fracture, unspecified tibia and fibula, sequela'?","A. A disorder characterized by an infectious process involving the skeletal muscles. B. a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels. This pressure can decrease blood flow, which prevents nourishment and oxygen from reaching nerve and muscle cells C. a fatigue-induced fracture of the bone caused by repeated stress over time. D. Muscle disorders that cause weakness, pain or even paralysis",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Stress fracture, unspecified tibia and fibula, sequela",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000087 1_1_nwkc0nh6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ulna'?","A. Long bone, each instance of which articulates with some humerusand radius. B. Bone organ, each instance of which has as its parts some diaphysis, distal and proximal epiphyses, and bone marrow cavity. C. Long bone, each instance of which articulates with some carpal bone and phalanx of finger. D. Long bone, each instance of which articulates with some carpal or tarsal bone and phalanx of finger or toe.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Ulna,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23466 1_1_kbxnh9id,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stealth'?","A. A single videogame title B. Game with intense player hiding mechanics C. The themes or elements within the game refer to brands or elements of social life, with the effect of triggering knowledge in the player starting from outside the title itself D. Action Role-Playing Game",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Stealth,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Stealth 1_1_fa9sbqj5,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'editors ontology module'?","A. An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. B. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. C. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. D. An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,editors ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000002 1_1_gqk0nxjv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Crown rust infection type seedling DSGB'?","A. A qualitative analysis of the type of disease symptoms exhibited by seedlings inoculated with crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) race DSGB during greenhouse trials. Ratings made using the scale from Murphy (1935) immune/nearly immune= 0, highly resistant= 1, moderately resistant= 2, moderately susceptible= 3, and completely susceptible= 4. B. A qualitative analysis of the type of disease symptoms exhibited by seedlings inoculated with crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) race DQBB during greenhouse trials. Ratings made using the scale from Murphy (1935) immune/nearly immune= 0, highly resistant= 1, moderately resistant= 2, moderately susceptible= 3, and completely susceptible= 4. C. None D. Visual assessement of the percentage of plants that lodged in a plot.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Crown rust infection type seedling DSGB,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0005619 1_1_0rxhbhzl,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pelvic skeleton'?","A. Intrarenal vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some interlobular vein that is formed by the union of some interlobular vein and straight venule of some kidney (venula recta). B. Region of wall of heart which surrounds the cavity of right auricle. C. Region of pericardial sac which surrounds the pulmonary trunk. D. Subdivision of skeleton of lower limb which consists of the sacrum, coccyx, and set of hip bones.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pelvic skeleton,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72062 1_1_ld108sgd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Costello syndrome'?","A. A RASopathy characterized by craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac defects, mild mental retardation, and high birth weight followed by a failure to thrive and developmental delays. B. A RASopathy that is characterized by mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms. C. A RASopathy characterized by multiple cafe-au-lait macules and possible skin fold freckling without neurofibromas, optic gliomas, or Lisch nodules that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SPRED1 gene on chromosome 15q14. D. A RASopathy characterized by the development of schwannomas or hybrid nerve sheath tumors.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Costello syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050469 1_1_067de66i,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylserine 20:0(1-)'?","A. A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine(1-) in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 44 carbons in total and 0 double bonds. B. A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine(1-) in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 34 carbons in total and 4 double bonds. C. A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine(1-) in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 36 carbons in total and 5 double bonds. D. A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine(1-) in which the acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 contain 20 carbons in total and no double bonds.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylserine 20:0(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132711 1_1_wqlhjt1u,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'neutral expression'?","A. A facial expression behaviour which appears very neutral (showing no expression). B. A facial expression behaviour in which the person smiles. C. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are opened widely. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyebrows are raised.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,neutral expression,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000133 1_1_u5aqlct4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'security guard'?","A. Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment. B. Prepare incoming and outgoing mail for distribution. Time-stamp, open, read, sort, and route incoming mail; and address, seal, stamp, fold, stuff, and affix postage to outgoing mail or packages. Duties may also include keeping necessary records and completed forms. C. Recruit and hire seasonal or temporary agricultural laborers. May transport, house, and provide meals for workers. D. Load and unload chemicals and bulk solids, such as coal, sand, and grain, into or from tank cars, trucks, or ships, using material moving equipment. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of products. May gauge or sample shipping tanks and test them for leaks.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,security guard,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33903200 1_1_4xi4xd53,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'carpet installer'?","A. Set up and operate digital, letterpress, lithographic, flexographic, gravure, or other printing machines. Includes short-run offset printing presses. B. Operate hand-controlled mechanisms to pour and regulate the flow of molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots. C. Lay and install carpet from rolls or blocks on floors. Install padding and trim flooring materials. D. Play prerecorded music for live audiences at venues or events such as clubs, parties, or wedding receptions. May use techniques such as mixing, cutting, or sampling to manipulate recordings. May also perform as emcee (master of ceremonies).",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,carpet installer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47204100 1_1_dt6yl5aj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Frontal release signs'?","A. Any anomaly of a reflex, i.e., of an automatic response mediated by the nervous system (a reflex does not need the intervention of conscious thought to occur). B. A postural abnormality characterized by the inability to stand without external support despite having sufficient muscle strength. C. A tendency to fall or the inability to keep oneself from falling; imbalance. The retropulsion test is widely regarded as the gold standard to evaluate postural instability, Use of the retropulsion test includes a rapid balance perturbation in the backward direction, and the number of balance correcting steps (or total absence thereof) is used to rate the degree of postural instability. Healthy subjects correct such perturbations with either one or two large steps, or without taking any steps, hinging rapidly at the hips while swinging the arms forward as a counterweight. In patients with balance impairment, balance correcting steps are often too small, forcing patients to take more than two steps. Taking three or more steps is generally considered to be abnormal, and taking more than five steps is regarded as being clearly abnormal. Markedly affected patients continue to step backward without ever regaining their balance and must be caught by the examiner (this would be called true retropulsion). Even more severely affected patients fail to correct entirely, and fall backward like a pushed toy soldier, without taking any corrective steps. D. Primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders that affect the frontal lobes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Frontal release signs,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000743 1_1_tuq7zi1n,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ partners'?","A. A spouse or other person with whom one shares a domestic, romantic or sexual bond. B. A partner in a polyamorous relationship who is noted as having a higher degree of emotional and/or sexual involvement than a non-primary partner. C. Older persons who are LGBTQIA+. D. Partners who are LGBTQIA+.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ partners,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007837 1_1_yah1tyiz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion'?","A. Enables the facilitated diffusion of a hydrogen ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-leucine import across plasma membrane. C. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle. D. OBSOLETE. Catalysis of the translocation of carbohydrates and their derivatives.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060360 1_1_jlqqiain,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Celiac trunk'?","A. Systemic arterial trunk, each instance of which is the first arterial trunk arising from the arch of some aorta, which behind some right sternoclavicular joint bifurcates into into the trunks of some right common carotid and some right subclavian arteries, with branch distribution to the right side of somehead and neck and to some right upper limb. B. Myocardium of region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the basal anterior, mid anterior , apical anterior and anteroapical zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the myocardium of lateral wall of left ventricle. C. Systemic arterial trunk, each instance of which is the arterial trunk that arises from some abdominal aorta, gives off trunks of some left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries, and supplies the abdominal segment of some esophagus, stomach, duodenum, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. D. Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Celiac trunk,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14812 1_1_iak3d47d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'central nervous system neuroblastoma'?","A. A central nervous system neuroblastoma that is characterized by FOXR2 activation and that is composed of small, round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. B. A teratoma that is located_in the central nervous system. C. A central nervous system germ cell tumor that is characterized by the presence of neuroblastic cells, the absence of ganglion cells, and the absence of a prominent Schwannian stroma formation and that arising from the cerebral hemispheres. D. A central nervous system cancer that is characterized by tumors near the pineal gland, the pituitary gland and the tissue just above it, develops from mismigrational pluripotent embryonic cells that remain in the brain after birth, has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from germ cells.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,central nervous system neuroblastoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080905 1_1_cxahig3s,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'soft pellete'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into soft pellets. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which air- or fire-cured burley tobacco leaf is treated with a tar-like tobacco leaf extract and sometimes sweeteners and other flavourings, then twisted into rope-like strands that are dried and braided. D. A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed to enable absorption of a some tobacco constituent through an epithelial membrane.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,soft pellete,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001002 1_1_whnbl0e4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'confidence interval'?","A. A quantitative confidence value that is used in Bayesian analysis to describe the range in which a posterior probability estimate is likely to reside. B. A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability (95 percent by convention) that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance (dispersion) decreases. C. A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement. D. An enzyme inhibitor which interferes with the action of an oxidoreductase (EC 1.*.*.*).",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,confidence interval,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000147 1_1_ygz3slzn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric ascending thin limb'?","A. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology[GO]. B. The metanephric loop of Henle is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the metanephros[GO]. C. The metanephric proximal convoluted tubule is the most proximal portion of the metanephric proximal tubule and extends from the metanephric glomerular capsule to the metanephric proximal straight tubule[GO]. D. The metanephric ascending thin limb is a segment of a nephron tubule in the metanephros lying in the inner medulla that is permeable to ions but not to water and has a simple epithelium; active transepithelial solute transport is absent[GO].",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,metanephric ascending thin limb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005114 1_1_8h3c35ih,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Euryon'?","A. Anatomical point of skull on any given location along the midsagittal line. B. Anatomical point of skull located at most lateral point on parietal region of head. C. Anatomical point of head located on the margin or border of skull bone or at the intersection of margins of skull bones. D. Anatomical point of skull where the temporal line intersects the coronal suture.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Euryon,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264714 1_1_hu2ur38e,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract'?","A. Cataracts (cloudy area in the lens of your eye) caused by type 2 diabetes B. Type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy (vision loss and blindness) without macular edema (swelling in the macula cause by fluid leaking from the retina) C. Conditions with excess lipids in the blood. D. Type 1 diabetes (body cannot break down sugars very easily) with unspecified complications",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic cataract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000476 1_1_oyun1dml,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes '1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme'?","A. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. B. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. C. Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. D. Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010341 1_1_tr2etxb1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Microvillus columnar epithelium'?","A. Simple columnar epithelium in which not all the cells may reach the luminal surface of the epithelium and the nuclei are aligned in more than one row. Examples: olfactory epithelium, epithelium of bronchus. B. Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears microvilli. Examples: epithelium of small intestine, epithelium of gall bladder. C. Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears cilia. Examples: epithelium of trachea, epithelium of uterine tube. D. Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Microvillus columnar epithelium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64799 1_1_vz5vv1t0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'desert'?","A. Occurrence of fog or haze in which considerable amounts of acidic material have been taken up from the gas phase, resulting in pH values less than approximately 3 in the liquid phase. B. A dune is a hill of sand built by eolian processes. Dunes are subject to different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind. Most kinds of dune are longer on the windward side where the sand is pushed up the dune, and a shorter slip face in the lee of the wind. The valley or trough between dunes is called a slack. A dune field is an area covered by extensive sand dunes. Large dune fields are known as ergs. C. Diffusion or dispersion due to the effects of turbulent motions. D. A desert is a landscape form or region that receives very little precipitation.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,desert,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandAeolian/Desert 1_1_vlr0krp6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anther dehiscence. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asexual reproduction. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of metula development, a process that leads to the formation of metulae. Metulae are elongated mononucleate cells that bud from the surface of the conidiophore tip. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903342 1_1_pk6bj927,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dry'?","A. A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. B. The wetness of some soil. C. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. D. A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dry,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001824 1_1_juk4cm90,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical toxicity of a substance'?","A. Toxicity of a substance that is at or above a level that causes disease. B. Toxicity of a substance in which the substance is nicotine. C. Toxicity of a substance in which the substance is ethanol. D. A disposition of a substance to cause harm to an organism that is exposed to it.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,clinical toxicity of a substance,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000857 1_1_cze0q6pp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bardet-Biedl syndrome 14'?","A. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CEP290 gene on chromosome 12q21. B. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that is characterized by obesity, postaxial polydactyly, retinal degeneration, and mild cognitive impairment and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the C8ORF37 gene on chromosome 8q22. C. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the BBIP1 gene on chromosome 10q25. D. A Bardet-Biedl syndrome that has_material_basis_in mutation in the TRIM32 gene on chromosome 9q33.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Bardet-Biedl syndrome 14,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110136 1_1_d3a0p3qx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent'?","A. Any strobilurin antifungal agent that contains a methoxycarbanilate group. B. A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. C. A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. D. A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is oxazolidin-2-one substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by (naphthalen-1-yl)acetyl, methyl and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups respectively. An inhibitor of teichoic acid biosynthesis.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86485 1_1_r6iwhx24,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Metaphyseal dappling'?","A. A region of the right ventricle exhibits absent contraction (akinesia) compared to the rest of the ventricle. B. The presence of spots or rounded patches of abnormally increased density of metaphyseal bone. C. The presence of streaks (bands) of abnormally increased density of metaphyseal bone. D. Abnormally increased density of metaphyseal bone.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Metaphyseal dappling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011860 1_1_gtzo6h13,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'blood vessel smooth muscle'?","A. Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. B. Disease process is the progression disease in an individual over time. The process begins with the appropriate exposure to or accumulation of factors sufficient for the disease process to begin in a susceptible host. For an infectious disease, the exposure is a microorganism. For cancer, the exposure may be a factor that initiates the process, such as asbestos fibers or components in tobacco smoke (for lung cancer), or one that promotes the process, such as estrogen (for endometrial cancer). C. smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. D. The prescense of diabetic ketoacidosis (body produces high levels of ketones and not enough insulin) in type 1 diabetic patients, resulting in a coma",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,blood vessel smooth muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004237 1_1_ul8x1t0d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart morphogenesis. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac chamber morphogenesis.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of cardiac chamber morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901219 1_1_2m9h7dgj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'amphithecium'?","A. A portion of plant tissue consisting of four megaspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. One cell will give rise to a female gametophyte. B. A portion of plant tissue that has as parts leptoid cells and cells of no other types. C. A portion of plant tissue that is the outer layer or layers of a sporangium early in sporangium development . D. A plug-like structure formed in the micropylar region of the seed coat.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,amphithecium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030084 1_1_u89qgjqw,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geological object'?","A. An object that is 'generated by' some 'geological process' and has at least one part 'constituted by' some 'earth material' that is not an 'earth fluid'. B. Earth fluid is an 'earth material' that is fluild. C. (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected D. (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested",A,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,geological object,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000001 1_1_0dvqlgut,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'probability distribution specification'?","A. A patten specification is a single generalization specification and denotes a pattern P on type T which is a boolean funtion on objects of type T. B. A predictive model M for types Td, Tc specifies a function that takes an object of type Td and returns one of type Tc, i.e., has the signature m :: Td → Tc. Most often, predictive modelling is concerned with classification, where Tc would be Boolean (for binary classification) or Discrete(S) (for multi-class classification), or regression, where Tc would be Real. In our case, we allow both Td (description) and Tc (class/target) to be arbitrarily complex data types. C. A probability distribution D on type T specifies a mapping from objects of type T to non-negative Reals, i.e., has the signature d :: T → R0+. For uncountably infinite types, probability densities are used instead. The sum of all probabilities (the integral of the probability densities) over T is constrained to amount to one. D. A single generalization specification is a generalization specification and denotes a type of generalization that is produced by a single generalization data mining algorithm. This algorithm produces only one generalization at its output.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,probability distribution specification,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_000285 1_1_fjkfc18j,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'polyketide'?","A. Natural and synthetic compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups ('beta-polyketones'), biogenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A (via malonyl coenzyme A), and usually the compounds derived from them by further condensations, etc. Considered by many to be synonymous with the less frequently used terms acetogenins and ketides. B. A compound formally derived from an oxoacid RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l > 0) and an alcohol, phenol, heteroarenol, or enol by linking with formal loss of water from an acidic hydroxy group of the former and a hydroxy group of the latter. C. An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen. D. Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,polyketide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26188 1_1_qwnr9vvf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of important others who vape nicotine in a person's social environment.'?","A. A data item which indicates the number of number of cigarettes less per day a person has smoked since the last time data was collected. B. A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes. C. A data item which indicates the number of cigarettes smoked by a person since their target quit date. D. A data item that is the number of important others who vape nicotine in a person's social environment.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of important others who vape nicotine in a person's social environment.,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001285 1_1_2nann2k4,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and progressive hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GJB2 gene on chromosome 13q12.11. B. A syndrome characterized by microcornea, microphthalmia, anterior-segment dysgenesis, cataract, coloboma of various parts of the eye, abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium, and rod-cone dystrophy and a particular cleft ear lobule. C. A syndrome characterized by severe micrognathia, cleft lip and/or palate, hypoplasia or aplasia of the postaxial elements of the limbs, coloboma of the eyelids, cup-shaped ears, and supernumerary nipples that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in DHODH on 16q22.2. D. A syndrome that is characterized by the growth of numerous noncancerous tumors in many parts of the body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,palmoplantar keratoderma-deafness syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111505 1_1_mty2xqgn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superior thalamostriate vein'?","A. Nodal myocyte which consists of the transitional and purkinje myocytes of the atrioventricular node B. Tributary of internal cerebral vein, each instance of which drains some corpus striatum and thalamus, and joins with some choroid vein to form some internal cerebral vein. C. Hepatic lymph node located along the common hepatic artery. D. Connected_to relation which holds between each anatomical entity of type A and some anatomical entity of type B such that there is no bona fide boundary between their contiguous constitutional parts.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Superior thalamostriate vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50997 1_1_beeflxnd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'semantic dementia'?","A. A primary progressive aphasia that is characterized by language disturbance, including difficulty making or understanding speech. It is a type of primary progressive aphasia. Affected individuals have slow, hesitant speech due to difficulty retrieving the correct words, names, or numbers. B. A primary progressive aphasia that is characterized by agrammatism, laborious speech, alexia, and agraphia, frequently accompanied by apraxia of speech. C. A frontotemporal dementia that characterized by the progressive onset of language impairments, and gradual deterioration of these abilities over time, associated with atrophy of the language network of the brain, including frontal, temporal, and parietal regions of the left hemisphere. It is caused by a loss of tissue (atrophy) in the area of the brain that is responsible for producing language. D. A primary progressive aphasia that is characterized by the progressive, amodal and profound loss of semantic knowledge and behavioral abnormalities, attributable to the degeneration of the anterior temporal lobes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,semantic dementia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081391 1_1_3gpssrup,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'credit counselor'?","A. Advise and educate individuals or organizations on acquiring and managing debt. May provide guidance in determining the best type of loan and explain loan requirements or restrictions. May help develop debt management plans or student financial aid packages. May advise on credit issues, or provide budget, mortgage, bankruptcy, or student financial aid counseling. B. Teach occupational, vocational, career, or technical subjects to students at the middle, intermediate, or junior high school level. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications. D. Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one language into another.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,credit counselor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13207100 1_1_l7x5iu73,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'isofloridoside'?","A. An alpha-D-galactoside having a methyl substituent at the anomeric position. B. A galactosylglycerol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups has been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-galactopyranoside. C. An alpha-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a hexasaccharide consisting of alpha-D-glucosyl, alpha-D-galactosyl, beta-D-glucuronosyl, beta-D-glucosyl, alpha-D-glucosyl and alpha-D-galactosyl residues, all linked sequentially (1->4). D. A disaccharide that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into the corresponding alpha-D-galactopyranoside.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,isofloridoside,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_147787 1_1_sx4pnvs0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Estimation :Fufu Content_method'?","A. Measurement of stem portion with leaves from the point of attachment of the oldest leaf to the youngest leaf (apical leaf portion). B. Measured amylose content of cassava roots. C. Measured percentage fufu processed from fresh storage roots. D. Measured stem weight excluding leaves and stump",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Estimation :Fufu Content_method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0010380 1_1_row9bcge,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pressure ulcer of elbow'?","A. Injury to hip skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around hip B. Injury to elbow skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on skin around elbow C. injuries to skin on back and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. D. are injuries to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skinv",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pressure ulcer of elbow,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000392 1_1_0m665iv5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'OBSOLETE secretory cell'?","A. A collective organ part structure that has a parts one or more pappus elements (scales, awns, or bristles) at the apex of an inferior ovary just beneath or outside the corolla. B. OBSOLETE. Cell that produces secreted substances. C. Stage of palea development that begins when the palea primordia arise. D. An inflorescence axis that is the primary or main axis of an inflorescence .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,OBSOLETE secretory cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004012 1_1_2kfneh37,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3'-(L-aspartate)adenylyl(1-) group'?","A. An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and carboxy functions as well as protonation of the amino function of 3'-(L-aspartyl)adenylyl group; major species at 7.3. B. A 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) linked via an inverted 5'-5' triphosphate bridge to an initiating 2'-O-methyl-purine-ribonucleotide-ribonucleotide; major species at pH 7.3 C. An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of any 5'-end 2'-deoxyribose 5'-monophosphate residue; major species at pH 7.3. D. An organic anionic group obtained by deprotonation of the triphosphate OH groups of 5'-(N(7)-methyl 5'-triphosphoguanosine)-2'-O-methyladenosine residue; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3'-(L-aspartate)adenylyl(1-) group,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78516 1_1_wejbrccm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parkinson's disease 8'?","A. A late onset Parkinson's disease that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the dardarin encoding gene on chromosome 12q12. B. A late-onset Parkinson disease that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the VPS35 gene on chromosome 16q13. C. A Parkinson's disease characterized by onset of motor symptoms typically after 60 years of age. D. A late onset Parkinson's disease that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of heterozygous mutation in the coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 gene on chromosome 7p11.2.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Parkinson's disease 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060371 1_1_3sfn21e4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'thermocline'?","A. The profundal zone is a deep zone of a body of water, such as an ocean or a lake, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone. B. The depth range, where it exists, between the bottom of the oceanic surface mixed layer and the thermocline, usually at a depth between 30 and 80 m. C. The thermocline (sometimes metalimnion) is a layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth. D. The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,thermocline,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/Thermocline 1_1_05821y3s,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gr1-positive, CD43-positive monocyte'?","A. A monocyte that has characteristics of both patrolling and inflammatory monocytes. B. A resident monocyte that is Gr-1 low, CD43-positive, and CX3CR1-positive. C. An intermediate monocyte that is Gr1-positive, CD43-positive. D. An intermediate monocyte that is CD14-positive and with low amounts of CD16.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,"Gr1-positive, CD43-positive monocyte",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002398 1_1_2hf6r1ls,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'gill'?","A. Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. B. Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. C. Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. D. Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,gill,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002535 1_1_el9n0l3k,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'young ice formation process'?","A. A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. B. A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. C. A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. D. A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,young ice formation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000059 1_1_j3st5z5l,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling alert'?","A. A subjective affective feeling of being calm, being relaxed, being at peace. B. A subjective affective feeling of being wide awake, alert, having active attention and perception. C. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume water. D. A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume food.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling alert,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000121 1_1_bda9vfih,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of female gonad development'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemopoiesis. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone development. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of female gonad development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000194 1_1_1i9uo600,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'granuloma inguinale'?","A. A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents. B. Granuloma of the genital and/or groin regions, typically caused by infection by the bacteria Klebsiella granulomati. C. Granuloma of the lymphatics and/or lymph nodes. D. An organ zone of the glans penis.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,granuloma inguinale,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011377 1_1_de4527ky,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'affycoretools''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'affycoretools',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000459 1_1_s3hwevta,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'male accessory sex gland'?","A. Any gland, other than the gonad, associated with the genital tract, such as the ampulla of the ductus deferens and the bulbourethral, prostate and vesicular glands of the male. B. A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system. C. low amount of income (financial) D. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,male accessory sex gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010147 1_1_7d798xi6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'n aschi'?","A. 1. A damp unpleasant wind that blows from the south in Madras (India). 2. A wind from the northeast at night in Sri Lanka. B. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. C. A northwesterly wind with fine weather that blows, especially in summer, in the Adriatic; it is most frequent on the western shore and is equivalent to the etesians of the eastern Mediterranean. It is also found on the coasts of Corsica and Sardinia. Compare mistral. D. The Arabic name for a northeasterly wind that ocurrs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, especially near the entrance to the gulf and also on the Makran coast.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,n aschi,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/N_aschi 1_1_mq3k9xdc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuromuscular synaptic transmission.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,negative regulation of neuromuscular synaptic transmission,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900074 1_1_3avw2jay,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Measurement Glucose- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method of the boiled storage root in dry weight'?","A. Measure the iron concentration in dry weight basis and record it B. Measure width size and record it C. Measure the glucose content of the boiled storage root in dry weight and record it. D. Measure the phenol content of the storage root and record it",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Measurement Glucose- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method of the boiled storage root in dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0002097 1_1_s57oyqq3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'field'?","A. A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach. B. A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. Hills often have a distinct summit, although in areas with scarp/dip topography a hill may refer to a particular section of scarp slope without a well-defined summit (e.g. Box Hill). A hillock is a small hill. [Wikipedia] C. Field (agriculture), an area of land used to cultivate crops, or to keep livestock [Wikipedia] D. A flood basalt or trap basalt is the result of a giant volcanic eruption or series of eruptions that coats large stretches of land or the ocean floor with basalt lava. Flood basalts have occurred on continental scales (large igneous provinces) in prehistory, creating great plateaus and mountain ranges. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,field,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandform/Field 1_1_xkxlhijh,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-iodophenylalanine'?","A. A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying an iodo group at position 4 on the benzene ring. B. A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1. C. A dicarboxylic acid monoamide that is asparagine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen of the alpha-amino group is replaced by an ethyl group. D. A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2, 3 and 6 by propoxy, propyl and iodo groups respectively. A fungicide with the potential to control powdery mildew in a range of crops including cereals and grapes.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-iodophenylalanine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145892 1_1_97rgzram,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'chronic'?","A. A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. B. A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. C. A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course. D. A condition in which a person loses the ability to think, remember, learn, make decisions, and solve problems. Symptoms may also include personality changes and emotional problems.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,chronic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001863 1_1_natewh84,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis'?","A. An amyloidosis that is characterized by misfolded and aggregated amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains produced by marrow clonal plasma cells. B. An amyloidosis that is characterized by both Ig heavy chains and LC contribute to the amyloid fibrils. C. An amyloidosis that is characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils, principally composed of β2 microglobulins (β2M), in the osteoarticular structures and viscera and that is a serious complication of long-term dialysis therapy. D. An amyloidosis that is characterized by sustained high levels of inflammatory serum amyloid A protein when inflammation is present in the body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080933 1_1_2f0q9xay,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wut'?","A. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that is a strong form of anger. C. An intensely negative emotion that is a very strong form of anger. D. A negative emotion that is a mild form of anger.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Wut,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000014 1_1_sok66xmr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'circulatory system process'?","A. An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism. B. An organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers. C. A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. D. The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,circulatory system process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003013 1_1_6fnh4qxq,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. B. Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034391 1_1_6fiz1l82,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'word processor or typist'?","A. Set up and operate equipment that mixes or blends ingredients used in the manufacturing of food products. Includes candy makers and cheese makers. B. Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports, forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned. C. Park vehicles or issue tickets for customers in a parking lot or garage. May park or tend vehicles in environments such as a car dealership or rental car facility. May collect fee. D. Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,word processor or typist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43902200 1_1_q8mszjyp,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parametrium'?","A. Mesentery, each instance of which is inferior part of some parametrium. B. Mesentery, each instance of which is a fold in some greater omentum that connects some diaphragm with the concave surface of some spleen. C. Mesentery, each instance of which is a broad fold of peritoneum that attaches some uterus and ovaries to wall of some pelvis; it is divided into the mesometrium, mesosalpinx, and mesovarium. D. Mesentery, each instance of which is peritoneal fold connecting some suspensory ligament of the ovary and some mesoappendix.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Parametrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma77061 1_1_msl1ebqf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Network News Transfer Protocol'?","A. An application protocol used for transporting Usenet news articles (netnews) between news servers and for reading and posting articles by end user client applications. B. An abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking: the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the OSI model. C. An application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that users can install on their system or web based applications running either locally in the browser or on a third party server. D. A communication protocol for electronic mail transmission.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Network News Transfer Protocol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000180 1_1_op115a7k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Substantia nigra'?","A. Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. B. Nucleus of brain which is located medially to the putamen and laterally to the internal capsule. C. Nucleus of neuraxis which is located within the brain. Example: pontobulbar nucleus, globose nucleus. D. Subdivision of the midbrain anterior to the midbrain tegmentum which contains darkly pigmented neurons.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Substantia nigra,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67947 1_1_7v9jmfjj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Axolemma'?","A. Organ zone in the kidney. B. Plasma membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm and the organelles of an axon. C. Euryon on right parietal region. D. Anatomical boundary entity, each instance of which has one spatial dimension. Examples: margin of tongue, posterior border of right lung, inferior margin of liver, arcuate line of hip bone, sulcus terminalis of heart, pancreatic incisure.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Axolemma,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67246 1_1_t0gilwf9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'maltotetraose tetrasaccharide'?","A. A glucotetrose in which the four D-glucose residues are connected by alpha(1->4) linkages. B. A glucotetrose consisting of four alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by (1->6), (1->6) and (1->2) glycosidic linkages. C. A glucotetrose comprised of four D-glucose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages. D. A glucotetraose consisting of an alpha-D-glucopyranosyl group, two beta-D-glucopyranosyl groups, and a further alpha-D-glucopyranosyl group joined in sequence by three (1->3) glycosidic bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,maltotetraose tetrasaccharide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61986 1_1_1p2lol96,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'uterine corpus apoplectic leiomyoma'?","A. An uterine corpus cellular leiomyoma that is characterized by stellate zones of recent hemorrhage within nodules of hypercellular smooth muscle. B. A hematopoietic system disease characterized by oval or elliptical red blood cells, slight or absent hemolysis with little or no anemia; splenomegaly is often present. C. An uterine benign neoplasm that derives_from smooth muscle cells and that is located_in the uterine corpus. D. A peroxisomal disease characterized by loss of catalase activity in erythrocytes that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CAT gene on chromosome 11p13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,uterine corpus apoplectic leiomyoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_7241 1_1_camj6jje,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation'?","A. The regionalization process that specifies animal organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues. B. Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions. C. The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate. D. The process in which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021547 1_1_uugexa0o,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'nephron morphogenesis'?","A. An embryo stage that covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephron are generated and organized. A nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,nephron morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072028 1_1_uuah0t1f,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'negotiable security'?","A. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified B. security that is exempt from certain regulatory rules C. security that can be transferred to another party D. security that is not transferable to another party",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,negotiable security,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/NegotiableSecurity 1_1_8e99gw8g,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine dose obtained'?","A. A data item that is about the population-level harm from product use of one product compared with another. B. A data item that is about the amount of nicotine that is absorbed into the body from use of a nicotine-containing product. C. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. D. A data item which indicates the number of days per week a person has drunk alcohol to levels which are considered to be excessive.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine dose obtained,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001323 1_1_bp09xxvo,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'predictive modeling algorithm'?","A. Clustering algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a clustering task and as a result produces a clustering. B. Predictive modeling algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a predictive modeling task and as a result produces a predictive model. C. single generalization algorithms are data mining algorithms that given a dataset on input produce a generalization at the output. D. Pattern discovery algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a pattern discovery task and as a result produces a set of patterns.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,predictive modeling algorithm,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_000160 1_1_ylmkv3tp,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-tetracosanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine'?","A. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 25 carbons and 4 double bonds and is 2-hydroxylated. B. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 24 carbons and 0 double bonds. C. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 20 carbons and 2 double bonds. D. An N-acyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine in which the acyl group has 23 carbons and 0 double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-tetracosanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucosyl-15-methylhexadecasphing-4-enine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71119 1_1_s2dkmv8n,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 25'?","A. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by postlingual onset in the fourth decade of life with high frequency progressive hearing loss and has_material_basis_in a 269-kb duplication of chromosome 9q21.11 involving the TJP2 and FAM189A2 genes. B. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by postlingual onset in the second-sixth decade of life with high frequency progressive hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the SLC17A8 gene on chromosome 12q23. C. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by postlingual onset in the third or forth decade of life with a flat or gently downsloping audioprofiles and has_material_basis_in mutation in the EYA4 gene on chromosome 6q23. D. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness characterized by progressive or nonprogressive hearing loss with variable age at onset and typically is more severe at higher frequencies that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PLS1 gene on chromosome 3q23.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 25,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110555 1_1_n1dvu2fy,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'amino disaccharide'?","A. A disaccharide derivative that is a disaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. B. An amino oligosaccharide that is a trisaccharide having one or more substituted or unsubstituted amino groups in place of hydroxy groups at unspecified positions. C. A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide. D. An amino disaccharide consisting of D-galactopyranose at the non-reducing end joined by a (1->3) glycosidic linkage to N-acetyl-D-galactopyranosamine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,amino disaccharide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22480 1_1_egrj3t7x,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'health informatics specialist'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services. B. Apply knowledge of nursing and informatics to assist in the design, development, and ongoing modification of computerized health care systems. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the health care system. C. Design and implement radio frequency identification device (RFID) systems used to track shipments or goods. D. Inspect equipment or goods in connection with the safe transport of cargo or people. Includes rail transportation inspectors, such as freight inspectors, rail inspectors, and other inspectors of transportation vehicles not elsewhere classified.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,health informatics specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15121101 1_1_5u8pqd3x,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete chamber slide format'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete chamber slide format,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000497 1_1_uu5vuqzy,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased eosinophil count'?","A. Disproportionately short middle and distal phalanges compared to the hand/foot. B. Increased count of eosinophils in the blood. C. Any deviation from the normal number of eosinophils per volume in the blood circulation. D. Abnormal reduction in the count of eosinophils in the blood per volume.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased eosinophil count,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031891 1_1_35jhv8wc,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Resourcerer'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Resourcerer,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000358 1_1_tnqg1amj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right anterior semilunar fibrous scallop of pulmonary valve anulus'?","A. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of the anterior and posterior filum coronaria of tricuspid valve anulus. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the right posterior cusp of aortic valve to the wall of heart. C. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of the right fibrous trigone of heart and the membranous part of the cardiac septum. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which attaches the right anterior cusp of the pulmonary valve to the wall of heart.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right anterior semilunar fibrous scallop of pulmonary valve anulus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84619 1_1_t6weho2f,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Progressive macrocephaly'?","A. The presence of an abnormally large skull with onset at birth. B. The progressive development of an abnormally large skull. C. The postnatal development of an abnormally large skull (macrocephaly). D. A relatively mild degree of macrocephaly in which the head circumference is not above two standard deviations from the mean, but appears dysproportionately large when other factors such as body stature are taken into account.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Progressive macrocephaly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004481 1_1_z46guydm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'paroxetine'?","A. A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. B. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. D. Antidepressants are mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,paroxetine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7936 1_1_ikq8qfax,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'OBSOLETE filiform apparatus'?","A. An protonema sub-apical initial that gives rise to a branch of a protonema. B. A phyllome plate meristem in the vascular leaf . C. OBSOLETE. A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell similar to those in transfer cells. D. A collective phyllome structure composed all of the stamens in a flower .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,OBSOLETE filiform apparatus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000024 1_1_z71k6z6u,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bone marrow'?","A. Heterogeneous cluster which surrounds thoracic cavity and its content; and which includes the ribcage, muscle group of thoracic wall and costal pleura. Examples: There is only one thoracic wall. B. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster, each instance of which consists of meshwork of some connective tissue filled with marrow cells, such as myelocytes, megakaryocytes and fat cells, and located within cavity of some bone. C. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster which has as direct parts the bony alveolar arch and gingiva. D. Heterogeneous anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts jaw, gingiva of jaw",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Bone marrow,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9608 1_1_rfd7e639,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'substomatal cavity'?","A. An intercellular space that is located directly below and contiguous with a stomatal pore. B. A substomatal cavity that is part of a phyllome. C. A plant anatomical space that is part of a portion of plant tissue between two or more cells. D. An intercellular space that is part of a leaf mesophyll.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,substomatal cavity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025382 1_1_3lg3c359,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'receptor partial agonist'?","A. An agent capable of relieving pain without the loss of consciousness or without producing anaesthesia. In addition, analgesic is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to cause a reduction of pain symptoms. B. Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. C. A pharmacological role of a substance that binds to cell receptors normally responding to naturally occurring substances and which produces a response of its own but only up to a certain concentration. D. A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,receptor partial agonist,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001241 1_1_645kxfvc,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'credit facility'?","A. credit agreement permitting the use of real estate, equipment or another asset, such as a vehicle, by the owner of that asset (the lessor) to a user (the lessee) for a specific period of time in return for payment as specified in the agreement B. credit facility that has yet to be confirmed as a source of financing for the borrower C. credit agreement that allows the borrower to periodically take out money over an extended period of time rather than reapplying for a loan every time they need funds D. credit facility that is a confirmed source of financing for the borrower, as long as the borrower meets the conditions of the agreement",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,credit facility,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/DebtAndEquities/Debt/CreditFacility 1_1_7eoj34tl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cabinetmaker or bench carpenter'?","A. Sell spare and replacement parts and equipment in repair shop or parts store. B. Set up, operate, or tend continuous flow or vat-type equipment; filter presses; shaker screens; centrifuges; condenser tubes; precipitating, fermenting, or evaporating tanks; scrubbing towers; or batch stills. These machines extract, sort, or separate liquids, gases, or solids from other materials to recover a refined product. Includes dairy processing equipment operators. C. Cut, shape, and assemble wooden articles or set up and operate a variety of woodworking machines, such as power saws, jointers, and mortisers to surface, cut, or shape lumber or to fabricate parts for wood products. D. Perform technical activities at power plants or individual installations necessary for the generation of power from geothermal energy sources. Monitor and control operating activities at geothermal power generation facilities and perform maintenance and repairs as necessary. Install, test, and maintain residential and commercial geothermal heat pumps.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cabinetmaker or bench carpenter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51701100 1_1_gt9p6s74,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'kanâ'ts''?","A. A Tsimshian person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. A Mescalero or Apache person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Blackfoot or Southern Peigan person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. D. A Salinan person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,kanâ'ts',http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002077 1_1_f5lcjmpc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'catecholaminergic neuron'?","A. Neuron that secretes the neurotransmitter galanin. B. A neuron that releases catecholamine as a neurotransmitter. C. Any secretory cell that is capable of some testosterone secretion. D. A neuron that release noradrenaline (noriphinephrine) as a neurotransmitter.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,catecholaminergic neuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033050 1_1_9fmsdhdg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-glucoside'?","A. An alpha-D-glucoside that is the 2-aminoethyl glycoside of a disaccharide consisting of a beta- and an alpha-D-glucosyl residue linked (1->4). B. A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. C. An anthocyanin cation consisting of delphinidin with three beta-D-glucosyl residues attached to the 3-, 3'- and 5-hydroxy groups. D. A beta-D-glucoside in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position 4' of 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone via a glycosidic linkage.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"delphinidin 3,3',5-tri-O-glucoside",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_55456 1_1_3aekpjgl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'phlebotomist'?","A. Perform various tasks to arrange and direct individual funeral services, such as coordinating transportation of body to mortuary, interviewing family or other authorized person to arrange details, selecting pallbearers, aiding with the selection of officials for religious rites, and providing transportation for mourners. B. Operate, test, maintain, or adjust unmanned, automated, servomechanical, or electromechanical equipment. May operate unmanned submarines, aircraft, or other equipment to observe or record visual information at sites such as oil rigs, crop fields, buildings, or for similar infrastructure, deep ocean exploration, or hazardous waste removal. May assist engineers in testing and designing robotics equipment. C. Build, install, test, or maintain optical or fiber optic equipment, such as lasers, lenses, or mirrors, using spectrometers, interferometers, or related equipment. D. Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,phlebotomist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_31909700 1_1_o95r9omd,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'ancillary health care process'?","A. A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. B. A planned process that has the objective to support the objective of a health care process without directly involving the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient. C. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to reduce the risk of developing a disorder or the signs and symptoms of a disorder. D. A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,ancillary health care process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000107 1_1_obfurjvp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'potassium ion transmembrane transport'?","A. A data item that refers to the number of individuals with a given disease at a given point in time divided by the population at risk at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time. B. The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. A process in which a potassium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. D. The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,potassium ion transmembrane transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071805 1_1_txtnmkq5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Hydrocephalus, unspecified'?","A. observation by doctors of suspected myocardial infarction (heart attack) B. a rare medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. C. inadequate reabsorption of CSF D. used to specify a diagnosis of secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of intrathoracic lymph nodes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"New: Hydrocephalus, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000096 1_1_fmuues5h,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'chloronema'?","A. A portion of chlorenchyma tissue that develops directly from a spore and grows by division of an apical cell to form filaments that are one cell wide and dichotomously branching. B. A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only chloronema cells. C. A native plant cell that develops from a cell in a protonema and has a thick cell wall. D. A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only caulonema cells.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,chloronema,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030004 1_1_l4leswkd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stereotypic movements of face and head'?","A. Punding is a stereotypical motor behavior characterized by an intense fascination with repetitive, excessive and non-goal oriented handling, and examining of objects. B. Repetitive pressing, poking, and/or rubbing in the eyes. C. Use of the same abnormal action in response to certain triggers or at random. They may be used as a way to regulate one's internal state but must otherwise have no apparent functional purpose. D. Abnormal movements of face and head.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Stereotypic movements of face and head,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5200017 1_1_97y3jva7,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to formalin induced pain'?","A. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus. C. The canonical facial expression associated with the experience of sadness. D. Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to formalin induced pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061368 1_1_73oubk5c,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as unpleasant'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is pleasant. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is unpleasant. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the pleasantness of an object or event. D. ""Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours."" [GOC:rl]",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as unpleasant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000071 1_1_007lec9s,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hyperdense pulmonary mass'?","A. Thick-walled abnormal gas-filled interstitial mass within a lung with a diameter greater than 30 mm. B. A mass in the lung seen on chest imaging is defined as an opacity greater than 3 cm in diameter (without regard to contour, border, or density characteristics). C. A type of pulmonary mass with high attenuation. D. Acute otitis media is a short and generally painful infection of the middle ear.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hyperdense pulmonary mass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033830 1_1_mtjk8yb9,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Existential_Expression'?","A. Establishes or terminates the existence of a legal entity (for example “the company ceases to exist”); B. Ascribes a legal role to a person or an object (for example, “x is a citizen”, “x is an intellectual work”, “x is a technical invention”); C. Attributes a power to some agent (for example “a worker has the power to terminate his work contract”); D. A legal evaluative expression asserts that something is good or bad, is a value to be optimised or an evil to be minimised (for example “human dignity is value”, “participation ought to be promoted”);",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Existential_Expression,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Existential_Expression 1_1_a78bya14,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Distributor'?","A. An organization. B. An agent responsible for the publication of a comic. C. An agent responsible for the distribution of a comic publication. D. A physical or digital library containing a collection of comic resources.",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Distributor,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Distributor 1_1_3ofb8frj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of right ventricle'?","A. Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of pulmonary trunk. B. Subdivision of posterior triangle of neck, each instance of which is bounded by the inferior border of the inferior belly of somee omohyoid muscle superiorly, the posterior border of some sternocleidomastoid muscle anteriorly, and the superior border of some clavicle inferiorly. C. Wall of ventricle which is continuous with the wall of aorta. D. Wall of cardiac chamber that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9533 1_1_e8c83sn1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'la serpe'?","A. A local, often abrupt lowering from a cumulonimbus cloud base into a low-hanging accessory cloud, normally a kilometer or more in diameter. B. (Also called mammatus.) Hanging protuberances, like pouches, on the undersurface of a cloud. This supplementary cloud feature occurs mostly with cirrus, cirrocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, stratocumulus, and cumulonimbus; in the case of cumulonimbus, mamma generally appear on the underside of the anvil (incus). See cloud classification. C. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds. D. A long strip of cloud that sometimes lies against the southern base of Mount Etna in Sicily. It is said to herald rain.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,la serpe,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/LaSerpe 1_1_jx8vmv5f,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycogen biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,glycogen biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005978 1_1_4xlfldkg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 6B'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months of life of of epileptic spasms or seizures, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, severely delayed psychomotor development with impaired or absent walking and language skills, and moderate to severe intellectual impairment that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PHACTR1 gene on chromosome 6p24.1. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first months to years of life of refractory infantile spasms and myoclonic seizures and evere to profound developmental delay that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CPLX1 gene on chromosome 4p16. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early-infantile seizure onset, profoundly impaired intellectual development, and a hyperkinetic movement disorder that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN1A gene on chromosome 2q24. This disease has the same genetic basis as Dravet syndrome (DOID:0080422) but is more severe. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early-onset epilepsy, generalized muscular hypotonia, visual impairment, and severe neurodevelopmental delay that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the DNM1 gene on chromosome 9q34.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 6B,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070379 1_1_uf4myrfn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein linear polyubiquitination. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein K63-linked ubiquitination. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein polyubiquitination.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902530 1_1_vmkpa47p,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'material entity'?","A. (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part B. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'. C. b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part D. (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit",A,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,material entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 1_1_r1qoi6i5,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spikelet meristem'?","A. A reproductive shoot apical meristem that gives rise to the apical growth of the inflorescence. It develops from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) after it undergoes transition from vegetative to reproductive phase. B. Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize tassel spikelets. C. An inflorescence apical meristem that gives rise to the two or more florets of a grass inflorescence. D. Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize ear spikelet.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spikelet meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006327 1_1_ejxjvpwt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'temperature of air'?","A. The temperature of some soil. B. The temperature of some water. C. The temperature of some air. D. A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew).",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,temperature of air,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09200001 1_1_y1u33ve3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'neutrophil chemotaxis'?","A. The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus. B. The movement of a neutrophil within or between different tissues and organs of the body. C. The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus. D. The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,neutrophil chemotaxis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030593 1_1_w4giu050,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dynamic purchasing system conclusion contract'?","A. Class to describe the contract not divided into lots. B. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement. C. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a dynamic purchasing system. D. Class describing the contracts consisting in the conclusion of a framework agreement or a dynamic purchasing system.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Dynamic purchasing system conclusion contract,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#DynamicPurchasingSystemConclusionContract 1_1_30khbu7o,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Disease tolerance'?","A. Fusarium moniliforme stalk rot severity. B. Crazy top (Sclerophthora macrospora) incidence. C. The hosts ability to reduce the effect of damages on its fitness regardless of the level of pest pathogen multiplication ( D. The hosts ability to reduce the effect of infection on its fitness regardless of the level of disease pathogen multiplication (",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Disease tolerance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0001168 1_1_94ct9gtu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'change in bowel habit'?","A. A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality. B. abnormal results from cardiogram C. Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a heart rate above 100 beats per minute for adults. D. could be a sign of bowel cancer",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,change in bowel habit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000419 1_1_rb88ts4k,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of glycolytic process through fructose-6-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904539 1_1_qqh241l2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'real estate broker'?","A. Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications, signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces. B. Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. Serve as liaison between business and technical aspects of projects. Plan project stages and assess business implications for each stage. Monitor progress to assure deadlines, standards, and cost targets are met. C. Operate real estate office, or work for commercial real estate firm, overseeing real estate transactions. Other duties usually include selling real estate or renting properties and arranging loans. D. Apply knowledge of health and disease causes to evaluate new laboratory techniques and procedures to examine tissue samples. Process and prepare histological slides from tissue sections for microscopic examination and diagnosis by pathologists. May solve technical or instrument problems or assist with research studies.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,real estate broker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41902100 1_1_4588u5x2,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'loose leaf'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which leaf tobacco is air-cured, stemmed, sweetened and flavoured with sugar and liquorice, and cut or granulated into small strips of shredded tobacco B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which pyrolysed (burned and decomposed) tobacco leaves are mixed with ash of tendu leaves to form a fine powder. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, in which dry fermented tobacco is mixed with natron (a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) and ground into a fine powder. It can be consumed both nasally or orally. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which dried raw tobacco stalks and petioles (sometimes mixed with molasses and water) form loose dry sticks.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,loose leaf,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000982 1_1_idtty2rp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'primary ciliary dyskinesia 17'?","A. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance with early onset of a progressive decline in lung function and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the HYDIN gene on chromosome 16q22. B. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance with inner and outer dynein arm defect, early infantile onset of respiratory distress, and variable occurence of laterality defects and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CCDC103 gene on chromosome 17q21. C. A primary ciliary dyskinesia that is characterized by inner and outer dynein arm defect, immotile cilia, and variable occurence of laterality defects and has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the LRRC50 gene on chromosome 16q23-q24. D. A primary ciliary dyskinesia characterized by reduced generation of multiple motile cilia, onset of respiratory insufficiency soon after birth, recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections,variable infertility, and laterality defects in about half of patients that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in FOXJ1 on chromosome 17q25.1.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,primary ciliary dyskinesia 17,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110621 1_1_ajqust82,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf Caesium content'?","A. The concentration of diunsaturated Campesterol in seeds B. The concentration of Caesium in leaves C. The concentration of Aluminium in leaves D. The percentage of Campesterol in the total of Phytosterols in seeds",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf Caesium content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_348:2100038 1_1_t5ivpxzl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 41'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset in the first days or weeks of life of seizures, severely impaired psychomotor development, and brain anomalies including delayed myelination, thin corpus callosum, and cerebral atrophy that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SLC1A2 gene on chromosome 11p13. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by progressive development of seizures starting in infancy, developmental delay, axial hypotonia, spasticity of the limbs, clonus, and cortical atrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TRAK1 gene on chromosome 3p22.1. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by onset of seizures in the first year of life and mild to moderate impaired intellectual development that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the GABRA1 gene on chromosome 5q34. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizure onset in infancy and mild to severe intellectual impairment in females that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) on chromosome Xq22.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 41,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080442 1_1_cmptwv1t,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of mesoderm development'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm development. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,negative regulation of mesoderm development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000381 1_1_slzbzukb,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'resin canal'?","A. A canal that is a longitudinal groove in the testa through a prominent hilum of a seed . B. A canal of schizogenous origin, lined with secretory resin cells and containing plant resin . C. A canal in the center of an archegonium neck . D. A canal that is part of a petiole.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,resin canal,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005665 1_1_g9l23ydn,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '5-HEPE(1-)'?","A. A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy function of lipoxin A4: major species at pH 7.3. B. A 2-methyl fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of 2-methylhexadecanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A docosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of (7R,14S)-dihydroxy-(8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. An icosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of 5-HEPE arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,5-HEPE(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90737 1_1_04phyfkc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dityrosine'?","A. A 3-oxoacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid. B. A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings. C. A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. D. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,dityrosine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50607 1_1_4e17drfy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine tidal flow process'?","A. A marine tidal flow process which occurs twice per day, resulting in two high and two low tides per day, both of roughly equal amplitude. B. A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). C. A tidal flow process which occurs in an ocean or sea and during which tidal movements generate advective flows, often amplified in velocity when moving through an inlet, pass or channel. D. A tidal flow process which occurs once per day in ocean waters where a second daily oscillation is blocked by land masses or ocean basin geometry.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine tidal flow process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001333 1_1_3de9fdnf,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Death in middle age'?","A. Cessation of life at the age of 16 years or later. B. Death at an age of at least 60 years. C. Death between the age of 40 and 60 years. D. Death between the age of 16 and 40 years.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Death in middle age,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033764 1_1_cpm2rsi4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'teller'?","A. Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods. B. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of entertainment and recreation related workers. C. Prepare, season, and cook dishes such as soups, meats, vegetables, or desserts in restaurants. May order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu. D. Receive and pay out money. Keep records of money and negotiable instruments involved in a financial institution's various transactions.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,teller,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43307100 1_1_w9dj30dv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-methylhexenoyl-CoA'?","A. A 2-enoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-methylhexenoic acid. B. A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-methylpalmitic acid, C. A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-3-cis-5-octadienoic acid. D. A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of octanoic acid.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-methylhexenoyl-CoA,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90362 1_1_vafpkaum,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tawa'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fire- or air-cured tobacco leaves are mixed with tree fungus ash or other ash derived from burning driftwood, alder bush or willow bush to form a thick chewable product. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for either oral or nasal use, which is composed of dried tobacco leaf with, saltpeter (potassium nitrate) and ashes which are ground into a fine powder. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco leaves are crushed and boiled into a sticky, heavy black liquid, which is allowed to mature and seasoned with different ingredients (that vary according to region) to create a tobacco-based paste.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tawa,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001007 1_1_21eyjg3w,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tight junction assembly. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell junction assembly. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse assembly, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903347 1_1_pxeq1wed,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia'?","A. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the KISS1 gene on chromosome 1q32. B. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SPRY4 gene on chromosome 5q31, sometimes in association with mutations in other genes. C. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KISS1R gene on chromosome 19p13, sometimes in association with mutation in other genes. D. A hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the FGF17 gene on chromosome 8p21, sometimes in association with mutations in other genes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 20 with or without anosmia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090082 1_1_s1e8qfvq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'symbiont-mediated suppression of host anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling'?","A. A process by which a symbiont alters or subverts a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. B. A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling in the host organism, either by disruption of production, sequesteration, or destruction of at least one component of the signaling pathway. Anti-inflammatory cytokines include: interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. A process by which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in the host organism, either by disruption of production, sequesteration, or destruction of at least one component of the signaling pathway. Pro-inflammatory cytokines include: IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, TNF, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. D. A process in which a virus interferes with, inhibits or disrupts a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,symbiont-mediated suppression of host anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0141174 1_1_tkljd2is,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'digital divide'?","A. Gender biases coded into technology products, technology sector and digital skills education. B. A structure of the body which has had its morphology altered in some way. C. The gap between those able to benefit from the digital age and those who are not. D. Inequality based upon digital information access or use, among other things.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,digital divide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010650 1_1_607l3v1u,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'palea development stage'?","A. A plant organ development stage that has a primary participant a phyllome . B. A phyllome development stage that has as a primary participant a palea . C. A phyllome development stage that has as a primary participant a lemma . D. A phyllome development stage during which the development of vascular leaves and non-vascular leaves occurs.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,palea development stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001048 1_1_t4bc2xu7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000093 1_1_o7trqba8,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'End'?","A. As the name implies, the End Event indicates where a process will end. B. Participant, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Pool, Message, and Web service, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Base element D. A Gateway is used to control the divergence and convergence of Sequence Flow. Thus, it will determine branching, forking, merging, and joining of paths. Internal Markers will indicate the type of behavior control.",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,End,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#end_event 1_1_1po2he2i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'asymmetric stem cell division'?","A. The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes. B. The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity. C. Division of a stem cell during which it retains its identity and buds off a daughter cell with a new identity. D. Any of the rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast to form a cyst of interconnected cells.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,asymmetric stem cell division,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098722 1_1_xr8jwjm7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'erythroid transcription factor'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human GATA1 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a standalone version of the Hormone_1 domain (Pfam:PF00103). In the immature form, the domain is preceded by a signal peptide. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human CR2 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein that is encoded in the genome of some Eukaryota.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,erythroid transcription factor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000007857 1_1_8det3mta,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'administrative law judge, adjudicator, or hearing officer'?","A. Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements. B. Investigate and describe the determinants and distribution of disease, disability, or health outcomes. May develop the means for prevention and control. C. Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications. D. Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"administrative law judge, adjudicator, or hearing officer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_23102100 1_1_kfatwp42,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'metoclopramide'?","A. A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. B. A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a chloro group and a dipropylnitrilo group at positions 2 and 4, respectively. C. An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-g]indazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 7 by 2-chlorophenyl, pyridin-3-yl, and [(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]amino groups, respectively. D. A diterpene alkaloid with formula C24H39NO6, originally isolated from Aconitum forrestii.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,metoclopramide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_107736 1_1_w6hvo0jt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'geodetic surveyor'?","A. Implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production equipment to produce, test, or modify materials, devices, or systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition. Operate advanced microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. Work under the supervision of nanoengineering staff. B. Measure large areas of the Earth's surface using satellite observations, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), light detection and ranging (LIDAR), or related sources. C. Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers. D. Patrol assigned area to prevent fish and game law violations. Investigate reports of damage to crops or property by wildlife. Compile biological data.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,geodetic surveyor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17102201 1_1_eesblhat,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'pravastatin(1-)'?","A. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid. A 'closed class'. B. Major species at pH 7.3. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of m-hydroxyhippuric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of pravastatin.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,pravastatin(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63660 1_1_z47042ra,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pod Weight - Method'?","A. Average weight of two samples of 100 randomly chosen seeds B. Grain yield/ (straw yield + grain yield) C. Nodule damage was assessed in five plants randomly selected from each plot, uprooted with soil to recover most of the root system and then washed in laboratory D. Average weight from 3 or 5 randomly-selected plants at maturity, from a plant grown in the pot or field.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Pod Weight - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000136 1_1_uc27c10b,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'barometric pressure'?","A. In meteorology, an elongated area of relatively low atmospheric pressure; the opposite of a ridge. B. Force per unit area. C. The atmospheric pressure at mean sea level, either directly measured or, most commonly, empirically determined from the observed station pressure. D. The pressure exerted by the atmosphere as a consequence of gravitational attraction exerted upon the column of air lying directly above the point in question.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,barometric pressure,http://sweetontology.net/propPressure/BarometricPressure 1_1_spwh5pdh,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'frenulum of lower lip'?","A. A frenulum of lip that is part of a upper lip. B. A frenulum of lip that is part of a lower lip. C. A mucosa that is part of a lower lip [Automatically generated definition]. D. The anterior talofibular ligament is a ligament in the ankle. It passes from the anterior margin of the fibular malleolus, anteriorly and medially, to the talus bone, in front of its lateral articular facet. It is one of the lateral ligaments of the ankle and prevents the foot from sliding forward in relation to the shin.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,frenulum of lower lip,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016913 1_1_x80r9txi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flared iliac wing'?","A. Widening of the ilium ala, that is of the wing of the ilium, combined with external rotation, leading to a flared appearance of the iliac wing. B. An anomaly of the ilium ala. This is the large expanded portion of the ilum which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. C. Decreased width of the wing (or ala) of the ilium (which is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally). D. Increased size of the ilium ala.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Flared iliac wing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002869 1_1_lo6fp9zl,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'wilson cycle'?","A. The rock cycle is a fundamental concept that describes the dynamic transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. [Wikipedia] B. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When sedimentary (and/or) igneous layers are folded, bent or twisted by heat and pressure due to motions of tectonic plates or intrusions by magma, the rocky material is transformed into other rock called metamorphic rock. [Wikipedia] C. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When wind or water deposit fine grained material on the surface, it creates sheets. Over thousands of years, the composition can change subtly or distinctly and the result is differing compositions of layered deposits. As the overlying layers compact the soil underneath the soil is converted to rock by the process of lithification. [Wikipedia] D. The Wilson cycle (a plate tectonics based rock cycle) was developed by J. Tuzo Wilson during the 1960s and 1970s. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,wilson cycle,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/WilsonCycle 1_1_82kffzut,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Co-operative'?","A. An organized group of people associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes. B. An autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise. C. A legal entity is a natural person or a legal construct through which the law allows a group of natural persons to act as if it were a single composite individual for certain purposes. The most common purposes are lawsuits, property ownership, and contracts. Sometimes referred to as corporate personhood or legal personality, this concept allows for easy conduct of business by having ownership, lawsuits, and agreements under the name of the legal entity instead of the several names of the people making up the entity. A legal entity is not necessarily distinct from the natural persons of which it is composed. Most legal entities are simply amalgamations of the persons that make it up for convenience's sake. A legal entity that does have a separate existence from its members is called a company or corporation. This distinction gives the corporation its unique perpetual succession privilege and is usually also the source of the limited liability of corporate members. Some other legal entities also enjoy limited liability of members, but not on account of separate existence (Source: Wikipedia.org) D. NOTE: Cannot express that the 'promised' act corresponds to the act qualified by the statement in writing",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Co-operative,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/legal-action.owl#Co-operative 1_1_1qpbh21u,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oral tobacco-containing product'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which air- or fire-cured burley tobacco leaf is treated with a tar-like tobacco leaf extract and sometimes sweeteners and other flavourings, then twisted into rope-like strands that are dried and braided. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which the tobacco leaf, stems, and seeds are fermented, air- and/or fire-cured, mixed with different flavourings, augmented with stimulants (caffeine, ginseng), taurine, and vitamins B and C, and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, slaked lime, ash, black pepper, oil, flavourings, bombosa (sodium carbonate) are mixed to form a dry product.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oral tobacco-containing product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001203 1_1_z09tisgq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid'?","A. The (E)-isomer of penta-2,4-dienoic acid. B. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-glutamine with the amino group of L-leucine. C. A diterpene alkaloid isolated from the roots of Delphinium denudatum that exhibits antifungal activity. D. A pentadienoic acid with the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37331 1_1_twu8w90p,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Percentage damage to lower cross-section inner corm caused by weevils'?","A. The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 4. B. The date of the appearance on the plant of any of the external disease symptoms - yellowing leaves, splitting pseudostem base, changes in new leaves, petiole collapse, caused by Fusarium wilt. C. The weight of a banana weevil larvae body. D. The amount of damage to the inner corm (central cylinder) lower cross-section, assessed by percentage of tunnels caused by weevils.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Percentage damage to lower cross-section inner corm caused by weevils,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000677 1_1_jysm0zpx,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'leukocyte'?","A. An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. B. A cell that is part of the nervous system. C. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. D. A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,leukocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000738 1_1_d60d549n,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left kidney'?","A. The second stage of the kidney. It serves as the main excretory organ of aquatic vertebrates and as a temporary embryonic kidney in higher vertebrates. It is composed of the mesonephric duct (also called the Wolffian duct), mesonephric tubules, and associated capillary tufts. A single tubule and its associated capillary tuft is called a mesonephric excretory unit; these units are similar in structure and function to nephrons of the adult kidney. The mesonephros is derived from intermediate mesoderm in the vertebrate embryo. B. A kidney that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. C. A kidney that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. D. A paired organ of the urinary tract that produces urine and maintains bodily fluid homeostasis, blood pressure, pH levels, red blood cell production and skeleton mineralization.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left kidney,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004538 1_1_hok7utr7,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'aeolian'?","A. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. B. Weathering is the decomposition of rocks, soils and their minerals through direct contact with the Earth's atmosphere. Weathering occurs in situ, or with no movement, and thus should not to be confused with erosion, which involves the movement and disintegration of rocks and minerals by agents such as water, ice, wind and gravity. C. Aeolian (or Eolian or Æolian) processes pertain to the activity of the winds and more specifically, to the winds' ability to shape the surface of the Earth and other planets. Winds may erode, transport, and deposit materials, and are effective agents in regions with sparse vegetation and a large supply of unconsolidated sediments. [Wikipedia] D. A nocturnal, thermally forced wind from the direction of the mountains, generated by cooling along the mountain slopes; a downvalley wind, or the nighttime downslope (katabatic) component of a mountain?plains wind system.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,aeolian,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandAeolian/Aeolian 1_1_r558uvpm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulmonary aspergilloma'?","A. An aspergillosis that presents as a clump of tangled mass of Aspergillus fungus fibres, blood clots, and white blood cells, which exists in the cavities of the lungs that develop in an area of previous lung disease or lung scarring. B. An aspergillosis that involves fungal infection of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients caused by Aspergillus, presenting as a space-occupying lesion. C. An aspergillosis that involves an allergic reaction due to the spores of Aspergillus moulds (A. fumigatus), which colonizes the mucus in the airways causing inflammation. The disease has symptom cough, has symptom wheezing and has symptom fever. D. An aspergillosis that is a serious fungal infection of the lung with pneumonia caused by Aspergillus, which spreads to other parts of the body through bloodstream in patients with acute leukemia and recipients of tissue transplants. Clinical symptoms include pulmonary nodules and hemorrhage.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,pulmonary aspergilloma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050153 1_1_zi4as6b7,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'End_in_Force'?","A. The date when the normative document is published in the official journal designated as the source for making all such documents public and legal. B. Prorogation of the date of enactment of some normative content. The 'life' of the act is lengthened with respect to some previous end of enactment modification. C. Modifies the period of being in force of some norm D. When an act states the end of the period of enactment, and includes an implicit repealing of the text.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,End_in_Force,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#End_in_Force 1_1_a15wavi2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'postprocedural hypertension DP'?","A. A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper. Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. B. any cardiac complications occurring in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) C. heart failure following heart surgery D. high blood pressure after a surgical procedure",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,postprocedural hypertension DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000151 1_1_x7d6dpi3,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'redemption provision'?","A. contractual element that is a statement of fact B. contract terms that define the commitment to and mechanism for settling one or more sides of a transaction C. contract terms that specify the formal rights and obligations of borrower and lender under a contract in which funds are lent from the one party to the other D. contract provision enabling the issuer (writer) to regain possession through repayment of some stipulated price",D,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,redemption provision,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/RedemptionProvision 1_1_szrw9twv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'KNACONCR - Computation'?","A. The yield in pounds of seed per acre for each plot was calculated and reported B. FNPS HVI: fibers per seed calculated using HVI measurements. FNPS=[LI(g)/100]/[[UHML(inch)*[FUI(%)/100]]*[MIC/1000000] C. LI (lint index) = (weight_25_boll_lint/(num_seed_per_boll*25))*100 D. The ratio of total potassium (K) concentration to sodium (Na) concentration measured in given volume of root extracts",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,KNACONCR - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000980 1_1_mwde09vp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome'?","A. An ovarian disease where ovaries do not produce estrogen despite high levels of circulating gonadotropins in women under 40. B. An ovarian disease that is characterized by cystic enlargement of the ovaries and a fluid shift from the intravascular to the third space and has_symptom abdominal pain, has_symptom nausea and has_symptom vomiting. This disease is an iatrogenic complication of assisted reproduction technology. C. A female reproductive system disease that is located_in the ovary. D. An ovarian disease that is characterized by the absence of ovulation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5425 1_1_tj1iv0g4,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'treatment'?","A. A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process B. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to prevent the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. C. TODO D. A health care process that involves the interpretation of a clinical picture from a given patient (input) and the assertion to the effect that the patient has a disease, disorder, or syndrome of a certain type, or none of these (output).",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,treatment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000090 1_1_py8sg23s,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'high level thunderstorm'?","A. In popular terminology, a thunderstorm of the air mass type that develops near the end of a hot, humid summer day; this term has no precise technical meaning. B. A line of active thunderstorms, either continuous or with breaks, including contiguous precipitation areas resulting from the existence of the thunderstorms. C. Any thunderstorm that is perceived by observers to be green. The perceptually dominant wavelength of light from green thunderstorms ranges from blue- green to yellow-green. The purity of the color is generally low and the topical mechanism that causes the green appearance is not understood. Although green clouds often occur in conjunction with severe weather, there is no evidence to support anecdotal attributions of the cause of this green to specific characteristics of severe storms, such as hail or tornadoes. D. Generally, a thunderstorm based at a comparatively high altitude in the atmosphere, roughly 2400 m or higher. These storms form most strikingly over arid regions, and frequently their precipitation is evaporated before reaching the earth's surface.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,high level thunderstorm,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/HighLevelThunderstorm 1_1_z4etuqkr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Resistance to Hypera - Computation'?","A. Compute number of days required from sowing (in dryland areas use first day of rainfall or irrigation) to when no more new flowers are formed in the plot B. Assess the resistance to clover rot using a bio-test in controlled conditions, rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible, and calculate the resistance index C. Separate clover herbage and determine the weight fraction compared to the total herbage D. Count and weigh 4x 100 seeds and calculate the weight of 1000 seeds",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Resistance to Hypera - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_374:0000073 1_1_2mka8le0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tertiary chorionic villus'?","A. A chorionic villus that is has a core of loose connective tissue, which in humans grows into the primary villi about the third week of development. B. A bulbous, immature chorionic villus that is formed of loose connective tissue with few fetal vessels. A chorionic immature intermediate villus develops from a chorionic mesenchymal villus, and is the forerunner of a chorionic stem villus. C. One of the minute vascular projections of the fetal chorion that combines with maternal uterine tissue to form the placenta. D. Tertiary chorionic villi contain embryonic blood vessels that develop from mesenchymal cells in the loose connective tissue core. These blood vessels connect up with vessels that develop in the chorion and connecting stalk and begin to circulate embryonic blood about the third week of development in humans.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tertiary chorionic villus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0009995 1_1_j9szhr9v,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors'?","A. A chronic lung disorder characterized by deposition of coal dust in the lung parenchyma leading to the formation of black nodules and emphysema. It occurs in coal miners. B. Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors C. A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of silicon dioxide, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. D. allergic alveolitis and pneumonitis due to inhaled organic dust and particles of fungal, actinomycetic or other origin",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"*Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000187 1_1_76ktve3r,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'mastery pleasure'?","A. Pleasure in smell, touch, sight, sound and taste. [Source: OCEAS] B. Pleasure that is experienced as a result of sexual activities. C. A positive emotion which is sought out and is associated with happiness and satisfaction. D. Pleasure derived from mastery, including the experience of flow. [Source: OCEAS]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,mastery pleasure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000037 1_1_r5vozgzf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Brody myopathy'?","A. A neuromuscular disease that is characterized by a slowly progressive degeneration of the muscles of the foot, lower leg, hand and forearm. B. A neuromuscular disease characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of bouts of myotonia and muscle weakness that are increased by cold exposure that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN4A gene on chromosome 17q23.3. C. A neuropathy that affect the nerves that control the voluntary muscles. D. A neuromuscular disease is characterized by difficulty relaxing muscles and muscle stiffness following exercise or other strenuous activity and is located in skeletal muscles.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Brody myopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050692 1_1_e6cownqx,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, atypical or mixed type'?","A. Loss of memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking abilities in an Alzheimer's patient B. Unspecified loss of memory, language,and other thinking abilities in a patient with Alzheimer's C. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities. D. characterized by clinical symptoms and signs of AD that become apparent after the age of 60.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"dementia in Alzheimer’s disease, atypical or mixed type",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000382 1_1_mxnwxih0,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'gonad mesenchyme'?","A. Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. B. A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a ejaculatory duct. C. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. D. The membrane the surrounds the prostate gland.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,gonad mesenchyme,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003855 1_1_excxw6yp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'AACys - Measurement'?","A. Standard method for seed cysteine content B. Fiber strength (unit) or fiber tenacity is an AFIS measurement on fiber tenacity C. Standard method for the total Iron (Fe) concentration measured in a given volume of seed extract D. Measure the width of leaf 2nd lobe",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,AACys - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000136 1_1_xx12t2nj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'digital forensics analyst'?","A. Conduct investigations on computer-based crimes establishing documentary or physical evidence, such as digital media and logs associated with cyber intrusion incidents. Analyze digital evidence and investigate computer security incidents to derive information in support of system and network vulnerability mitigation. Preserve and present computer-related evidence in support of criminal, fraud, counterintelligence, or law enforcement investigations. B. Investigate atmospheric phenomena and interpret meteorological data, gathered by surface and air stations, satellites, and radar to prepare reports and forecasts for public and other uses. Includes weather analysts and forecasters whose functions require the detailed knowledge of meteorology. C. Design or plan protocols for equipment or processes to produce products meeting internal and external purity, safety, and quality requirements. D. Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,digital forensics analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15129906 1_1_8m2l4aef,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sensory system development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. B. The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatic sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure. Somatic sensory system is the sensory system for the sense of touch and pain.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sensory system development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048880 1_1_v4ozetuw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome'?","A. A syndrome characterized as a spectrum of disorders (Cowden syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, PTEN-related Proteus syndrome, and Proteus-like syndrome) caused by germline mutations of the PTEN gene. B. A syndrome that is characterized by four main components: post-cardiac arrest brain injury, post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, systemic ischemia reperfusion response, and persistent precipitating pathologies. C. A syndrome that has_material_basis_in deletion of the end of the chromosome 5 p arm and that is characterized by intellectual disability, delayed development, small head size, low birth weight, weak muscle tone widely set eyes, low-set ears, a small jaw, a rounded face and a high-pitched cry that sounds like that of a cat. D. A syndrome that is characterized by bilateral underdevelopment of the external ear, short stature, absent or underdeveloped patellae and severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080191 1_1_nio70vkn,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'audio or video technician'?","A. Monitor and control activities associated with hydropower generation. Operate plant equipment, such as turbines, pumps, valves, gates, fans, electric control boards, and battery banks. Monitor equipment operation and performance and make necessary adjustments to ensure optimal performance. Perform equipment maintenance and repair as necessary. B. Compile and keep personnel records. Record data for each employee, such as address, weekly earnings, absences, amount of sales or production, supervisory reports, and date of and reason for termination. May prepare reports for employment records, file employment records, or search employee files and furnish information to authorized persons. C. Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events. D. Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,audio or video technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27401100 1_1_spcpt440,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'perisperm'?","A. A portion of plant tissue which is diploid nutritive tissue in an angiosperm seed derived from nucellar tissue. B. That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner integument. C. A portion of plant tissue that is the abaxial/lower portion of the nucellus overlying vascular strands in a caryopsis fruit . D. A portion of plant tissue that has as parts tmema cells .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,perisperm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020058 1_1_sf52lfgg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'hindbrain'?","A. Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. B. Collections of neurons in the central nervous system that have been demonstrated by histochemical fluorescence to contain the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenalin). C. The most posterior of the three principal regions of the brain. In mammals and birds the hindbrain is divided into a rostral metencephalon and a caudal myelencephalon. In zebrafish, with the exception of the cerebellum, the ventral remainder of the metencephalon can be separated only arbitrarily from the more caudal myelencephalic portion of the medulla oblongata (From: Neuroanatomy of the Zebrafish Brain)[ZFA]. Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the pons, cerebellum and medulla oblongata[FMA]. D. Ventral subdivision of the pons which consists of the massive pontine pertuberance on pontine ventral surface.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,hindbrain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002028 1_1_03txjy9t,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gross body coordination'?","A. The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. B. The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion. C. The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears. D. The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,gross body coordination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000075 1_1_9zwzc416,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Code'?","A. A legal code bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legislative body. It cannot bear expressions which are not uttered by a legislative body. B. A statute bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent. C. A treaty is a binding agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. Treaties are called by several names: treaties, international agreements, protocols, covenants, conventions, exchanges of letters, exchanges of notes, etc. D. The word decree is often used as a derogative term for any authoritarian decision",A,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Code,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Code 1_1_llckrf9e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'heptafluthrin'?","A. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl alcohol. It is an unspecified mixture of isomers at the cyclopropane ring; the trifluoropropenyl side-chain has Z configuration. It is an insecticide with rapid knock-down activity. B. The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. C. A carboxylic ester that is the carboxymethyl ester of indometacin. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and low back pain, as well as for postoperative pain and inflammation. Its activity is due to both acemetacin and its major metabolite, indometacin. D. The 1-(cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy)ethyl ester of cefotiam. It is used as its dihydrochloride salt as a prodrug for cefotiam.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,heptafluthrin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132504 1_1_1wq3g0sj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'handrail'?","A. A poll which is attached to the head, foot, or side of a bed frame. B. An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. C. A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. D. A pole which provides stability or support when grasped by the hand.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,handrail,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501212 1_1_1bkfu9je,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Supporting Element'?","A. A grouping of activities that does not affect the Sequence Flow. The grouping can be used for documentation or analysis purposes. Groups can also be used to identify the activities of a distributed transaction that is shown across Pools. B. Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce. C. Supporting Element is one of two main elements that are of type BPMN Element (see Figure B.1). The other is Graphical Element. There are 16 types, and a few subtypes, of Support Element. These are: These are: Assignments (see Section B.11.3 on page 269), Categories (see Section B.11.4 on page 269), Entities (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Event Details (see Section B.11.7 on page 270), Expressions (see Section B.11.8 on page 273), Gates (see Section B.11.9 on page 274), Inputs (see Section B.11.10 on page 274), Messages (see Section B.11.11 on page 275), Outputs (see Section B.11.13 on page 275), Participants (see Section B.11.14 on page 276), Processes (see Section B.3 on page 242), Properties (see Section B.11.15 on page 276), Roles (see Section B.11.16 on page 276), Conditions (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Transactions (see Section B.11.19 on page 277), and Web Services (see Section B.11.20 on page 277). D. Artifacts are used to provide additional information about the Process. There are three standardized Artifacts, but modelers or modeling tools are free to add as many Artifacts as required. There may be addition BPMN efforts to standardize a larger set of Artifacts for general use or for vertical markets. The current set of Artifacts include: Data Object, Group, Annotation",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Supporting Element,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#supporting_element 1_1_6eijyxiq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Congenital defect of the pericardium'?","A. A developmental defect of the pericardium with congenital onset. B. An abnormal dilatation of lymph vessels in the pericardium. C. A congenital anomaly with complete lack of the pericardium on the lefthand side of the heart. D. A Malignant mesothelioma originating from cells of the pericardium (the thin layer of mesothelium lining the heart).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Congenital defect of the pericardium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011628 1_1_ig8e0lku,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Trauer'?","A. Grief is an intense negative emotion following a bereavement, i.e. the loss of a significant person through that person's death. [Source: OCEAS] B. A negative emotion that is a mild form of worry about a particular object or situation. C. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] D. An emotion evoked for a person who is in distress. The conditions for compassion involve perceiving the other as in need, and valuing the other's welfare. Associated with altruistic motivation. [Source: OCEAS]",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Trauer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000016 1_1_24rm4c8v,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'bora'?","A. Geophysics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. The theories and techniques of geophysics are employed extensively in the planetary sciences in general. B. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. C. The observed permeability of a porous medium to one fluid phase under conditions of physical interaction between this phase and other fluid phases present. D. A fall wind with a source so cold that, when the air reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise the air temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,bora,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Bora 1_1_fey8gibl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'anti-transgender activism'?","A. Social activism against transgender persons and communities including, most prominently, the opposition to legal rights for transgender persons and communities. B. Social activism against LGBTQIA+ persons and communities including, most prominently, the opposition to legal rights for LGBTQIA+ persons and communities. C. LGBTQ people who are Tao. D. Clothing (such as a dress) worn over one's underwear.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,anti-transgender activism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010366 1_1_qmysiq0g,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Presence of changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt'?","A. The number of leaves on a plant with a black leaf streak disease severity grade of 2. B. The percentage of damage to the periphery of the peeled corm, assessed by tunnels caused by weevils C. The presence/absence of changes in new leaves - irregular pale margins, narrowing of lamina, burning plus ripping of lamina, lamina becoming more erect, caused by Fusarium wilt. D. The width of a banana weevil adult weevil head.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Presence of changes in new leaves caused by Fusarium wilt,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000093 1_1_gq6gyqz0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sensory ataxia'?","A. Incoordination of movement caused by a deficit in the sensory nervous system. Sensory ataxia can be distinguished from cerebellar ataxia by asking the patient to close his or her eyes. Persons with cerebellar ataxia show only a minimal worsening of symptoms, whereas persons with sensory ataxia show a marked worsening of symptoms. B. A loss or impairment of the sensation of the relative position of parts of the body and joint position. C. A loss or impairment of the sensation of the relative position of parts of the body and joint position occurring at distal joints. D. The patient stands with the feet placed together and balance and is asked to close his or her eyes. A loss of balance upon eye closure is a positive Romberg sign and is interpreted as indicating a deficit in proprioception.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Sensory ataxia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010871 1_1_nm3v2g5m,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'municipal landfill'?","A. A mass of water. B. A dump which contains ammunition, or other material intended for use during combat, that still has the potential to explode. C. A depression which contains objects and materials discarded by humans or their technologies. D. A landfill that receives household waste.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,municipal landfill,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000157 1_1_9dw7obgg,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'fertility'?","A. A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. B. Linear vertical groove in the midline of the forehead, extending from hairline to glabella. C. A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. D. An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,fertility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000274 1_1_llvnero9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'technical writer'?","A. Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work. B. Audition and interview performers to select most appropriate talent for parts in stage, television, radio, or motion picture productions. C. Provide and manage health education programs that help individuals, families, and their communities maximize and maintain healthy lifestyles. Use data to identify community needs prior to planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programs designed to encourage healthy lifestyles, policies, and environments. May link health systems, health providers, insurers, and patients to address individual and population health needs. May serve as resource to assist individuals, other health professionals, or the community, and may administer fiscal resources for health education programs. D. Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,technical writer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27304200 1_1_kira18g4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bundle sheath cell'?","A. A cell with wall ingrowths (or invaginations) that increase the surface of the plasmalemma. B. A ground tissue cell that is part of a bundle sheath . C. A native plant cell that is part of a portion of ground tissue . D. An elongated plant cell with unevenly thickened non-lignified primary walls that is alive at maturity.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bundle sheath cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025541 1_1_v9q9jiig,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'gametophore'?","A. A shoot system that is initiated from a root. B. An undeveloped shoot system . C. A shoot system in the sporophytic phase that has as part at least one sporangium . D. A shoot system that consists of the shoot axes and non-vascular leaves of a plant in the gametophyte development stage .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,gametophore,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030018 1_1_bgq9o6os,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'myofibroblast cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. B. Any apoptotic process in an endothelial cell. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. C. Any apoptotic process in a myofibroblast cell. D. Any apoptotic process that is involved in anatomical structure development.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,myofibroblast cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904516 1_1_fl7ohl6m,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'convective plume'?","A. A pattern of smokestack plume dispersion in a statically stable atmosphere, in which the plume spreads out in the horizontal like an oriental fan and meanders about at a fixed height with little vertical spread. B. Buoyant jet in which the buoyancy is supplied from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. 2. A mostly horizontal (sometimes initially vertical) stream of pollutant that is being blown downwind from a smokestack. C. A buoyant jet stream in which the buoyancy is supplied steadily from a point source; the buoyant region is continuous. D. An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,convective plume,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidTransport/ConvectivePlume 1_1_wzcrn6mz,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'trabecula morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which the comma-shaped body is generated and organized. The comma-shaped body is the precursor structure to the S-shaped body that contributes to the morphogenesis of the nephron. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus. C. The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. D. The process of shaping a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,trabecula morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061383 1_1_ecedhg6o,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'parathyroid hormone secretion'?","A. The regulated release of corticotropin by a cell. Corticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus. B. The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. C. The regulated release of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis. D. The regulated release of parathyroid hormone into the circulatory system.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,parathyroid hormone secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035898 1_1_lxyg3ufn,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lfc'?","A. The altitude at which ice crystals and snowflakes begin to melt as they descend through the atmosphere. In cloud physics and in radar meteorology, this is the accepted term for the 0?C constant-temperature surface (see bright band). It is physically more apt than the corresponding operational term, freezing level, for melting of pure ice must begin very near 0?C, but freezing of liquid water can occur over a broad range of temperatures (between 0? and -40?C; see supercooling). See also freezing point, ice point, melting point. B. Level of free convection C. A layer in the middle or upper troposphere in widespread precipitation in which ice crystals form in small convective cells and fall to lower altitudes. D. _:756",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lfc,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoWeather/LFC 1_1_xq2cln0u,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 64'?","A. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by infantile onset of seizures, severe intellectual disabilities, impaired motor functions, movement disorders, and postnatal microcephaly that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the RHOBTB2 gene on chromosome 8p21. B. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizure onset in the first weeks or months of life, delayed or regression of psychomotor development, and hypotonia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TBC1D24 gene on chromosome 16p13. C. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by microcephaly, infantile onset of seizures and developmental delay that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PNKP gene on chromosome 19q13. D. A developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early-onset seizures in most patients, intellectual disability, and variable behavioral abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the YWHAG gene on chromosome 7q11.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 64,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070375 1_1_k8wwqmvi,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N(2)-succinyl-L-citrulline'?","A. The N(2)-succinoyl derivative of L-citrulline. B. A polyester polymer composed of repeating composed of repeating (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl units. C. The conjugate base of 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. D. An N(2)-acyl-L-ornithine where the acyl group is specified to be acetyl.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N(2)-succinyl-L-citrulline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51309 1_1_vtlx0m98,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'hospitalization'?","A. A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter B. A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. C. TODO D. A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,hospitalization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000098 1_1_eh89owz7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'neural tissue'?","A. The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. B. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. C. Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. D. Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,neural tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003714 1_1_2rpncu9c,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Other osteomyelitis'?","A. when your prostate gland becomes suddenly inflamed B. infection and inflammation of the bone or bone marrow C. Type 1 diabetes (body cannot break down sugars very easily) with unspecified complications D. Inflammation of bone caused by infection, generally in the legs, arm, or spine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Other osteomyelitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000005 1_1_iky5ngow,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contract or procedure extinction'?","A. Class describing the meetings of tender committee. B. Class that specifies the procedure of a contract (e.g. type of procedure or its urgency). C. Abstract class. There are some circumstances resulting in the extinction of the procedure of the contract or the contract itself. To describe that situations we may use one of its subclasses. D. Class describing contracts derived from a dynamic purchasing system.",C,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Contract or procedure extinction,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#ContractOrProcedureExtinction 1_1_ps6fairl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'abnormal animal behavior'?","A. Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior. B. An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence. C. An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus. D. Any of various abnormal behaviors observed in animals.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,abnormal animal behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001804 1_1_q5tu8xwd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'airfield operations specialist'?","A. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul farm machinery and vehicles, such as tractors, harvesters, dairy equipment, and irrigation systems. B. Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering staff, to design, build, repair, adjust, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design decisions. C. Install, diagnose, or repair communications, sound, security, or navigation equipment in motor vehicles. D. Ensure the safe takeoff and landing of commercial and military aircraft. Duties include coordination between air-traffic control and maintenance personnel, dispatching, using airfield landing and navigational aids, implementing airfield safety procedures, monitoring and maintaining flight records, and applying knowledge of weather information.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,airfield operations specialist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53202200 1_1_dvdsr9uz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to manganese ion. B. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of a response to cytokine stimulus. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to testosterone stimulus. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000654 1_1_l4pzd354,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Parathyroid dysgenesis'?","A. A structural abnormality of the parathyroid gland. B. Developmental hypoplasia of the parathyroid gland. C. Hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland. D. Abnormal embryonic development of the parathyroid gland.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Parathyroid dysgenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011768 1_1_15nprigi,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Necrotizing enterocolitis'?","A. Inflammation of the intestine leading to bacterial invasion causing cellular damage and death which causes necrosis of the colon and intestine. B. A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. C. An abnormality of the islet of Langerhans, i.e., of the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells. These are the alpha cells, which produce glucagon, the beta cells, which produce insulin and amylin, the delta cells, which produce somatostatin, the PP cells, which produce pancreatic polypeptide, and the epsilon cells, which produce ghrelin. D. An inflammation of the colon and small intestine. However, most conditions are either categorized as Enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) or Colitis (inflammation of the large intestine).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Necrotizing enterocolitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033165 1_1_izqntpdf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesophyll cell'?","A. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a chloronema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are perpendicular to the protonema axis. B. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a caulonema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are oblique to the protonema axis. C. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a mesophyll. D. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a bundle sheath .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,mesophyll cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0004006 1_1_q5yf78xd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'histone deacetylase'?","A. A protein complex that plays a role in the intramembrane cleavage of integral proteins such as Notch receptors and amyloid beta A4 protein. B. Catalysis role of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes. C. A protein complex which is capable of catalytic activity. D. Molecule catalyzing a modification on its interacting partner.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,histone deacetylase,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TXPO_0003670 1_1_5s4extc6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-catenin-TCF complex'?","A. A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12). B. A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) family of transcription factors. C. A transcription factor complex that consists of a Stat1-Stat2 heterodimer and the IRF9 protein. D. Transcription factor complex consisting of ATF4 and CREB1 subunits that is capable of binding to cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3') as part of the positive regulation of transcription. Regulatory targets include the GRP78 (HSPA5) promoter in humans, whose activation by this complex is part of the ER stress response pathway.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,beta-catenin-TCF complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990907 1_1_vn0ccesy,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'subtropical savanna'?","A. A subtropical savanna which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. B. A savanna which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. C. A savanna biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. D. A savanna which is subject to montain environmental conditions.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,subtropical savanna,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001922 1_1_w08cgpc3,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete microgametophyte'?","A. An apical cell that is part of a whole plant in the gametophytic phase. B. Stage of ovule development defined by differentiation and expansion of ovules. C. OBSOLETE. A gametophyte that produces pollen sperm cells. D. A portion of endodermis that is part of an plant embryo .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,obsolete microgametophyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020091 1_1_xfivfhmr,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant embryo cotyledonary stage'?","A. A plant embryo development stage during the interval between when a plant embryo has stopped developmental growth involved in morphogenesis and one of the following: the beginning of the seed germination stage in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ such as a root , shoot axis , or vascular leaf in a cultured plant embryo . B. A sporophyte vegetative stage that occurs during the interval between the first cell division of a plant zygote and one of the following: the beginning of the seed germination stage in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ such as a root , shoot axis , or vascular leaf in a cultured plant embryo . C. A plant embryo development stage that occurs during the interval between the transition from radial to bilateral symmetry in a plant embryo proper and the onset of either the plant embryo cotyledonary stage or the plant embryo coleoptilar stage . D. A plant embryo development stage that occurs during the interval between the beginning of rapid elongation of the plant embryo axis and plant embryo cotyledons , and the onset of a plant embryo true leaf formation stage , when present, or a mature plant embryo stage .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant embryo cotyledonary stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001078 1_1_ke02yn0s,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Delay in the acquisition of cooperative play skills'?","A. A failure to meet one or more age-related milestones of social behavior. B. Failure to acquire the ability to play cooperatively, a type of play in whichchildren work together towards a common goal and in which a child displays interest both in the play and in the the other child or children involved in playing. This ability is observed in neurotypical children from the age of 3 to 6 years. C. Reduced production of smiles during engagement with an interactive parent, caregiver, or peer. D. Swelling of lymph nodes within the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavities that contains the heart and the great vessels, the esophagus, and trachea and other structures including lymph nodes.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Delay in the acquisition of cooperative play skills,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_5200135 1_1_rswmt3qo,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'astrocyte activation involved in immune response'?","A. A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. B. A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. C. A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. D. A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,astrocyte activation involved in immune response,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002265 1_1_qj1x4ab9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Storage problems tolerance'?","A. Calculate using the formula. B. None C. None D. The leaf biomass expressed in dry matter basis that was harvested per unit area.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Storage problems tolerance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0001125 1_1_qonca1w1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metabolite'?","A. Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms. B. Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. C. Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. D. Any metabolite produced by all living cells.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metabolite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212 1_1_0hmeuqfj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'arm-hand steadiness'?","A. The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object. B. The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). C. The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath. D. The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,arm-hand steadiness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000060 1_1_p8755wp0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plot plant stand'?","A. Stand establishment of the accession in the plot B. Indicate if the plot of an accession appears uniform or is variable C. The Sum total of those properties of the seed which determine the level of activity and performance of the seed or seed lot during germination and seedling emergence D. The overall appearance of foliage density on the plants",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plot plant stand,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000459 1_1_uw5pmci3,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Initiation'?","A. A change is a difference between the situation before and after the change occurs (the event of the change). A change can be instantaneous B. The termination of a change. C. The continuation of a change, once initiated D. The initation of a change",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Initiation,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/process.owl#Initiation 1_1_tor8ue8z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visceral pleura'?","A. Midline anatomical point of face at vermilion border of lower lip. B. Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal pleura and is attached to the parenchyma of lobe of lung. C. Visceral serous membrane which is continuous with the parietal serous pericardium and is attached to the myocardium. D. Visceral serous membrane which partially surrounds the testis.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Visceral pleura,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9734 1_1_6g6r9m8c,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hair of scalp'?","A. Hair that grows on the scalp. B. The process in which the anatomical structures of a metanephric proximal tubule are generated and organized. The metanephric proximal tubule is a metanephric nephron tubule that connects Bowman's capsule to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle in the metanephros. It has a brush border epithelial morphology. C. A strand of hair that is part of a face. D. A strand of hair that is part of a head.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hair of scalp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8420000 1_1_ukme69rg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'ectodermal part of digestive tract'?","A. A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. B. Lateral expansion of the crista intermedia that serves as the roof of the cavum medium. C. A cluster of neurons that is the most prominent longitudinally extending condensed part of a nervous system. D. The terminal part of the large intestine, continuous proximally with the rectum and distally terminates with the anus.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,ectodermal part of digestive tract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004906 1_1_9ox656dh,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'police or sheriff's patrol officer'?","A. Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions. B. Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia. C. Rent, buy, or sell property for clients. Perform duties such as study property listings, interview prospective clients, accompany clients to property site, discuss conditions of sale, and draw up real estate contracts. Includes agents who represent buyer. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of workers engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping activities. Work may involve reviewing contracts to ascertain service, machine, and workforce requirements; answering inquiries from potential customers regarding methods, material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to labor, material, and machine costs.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,police or sheriff's patrol officer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33305100 1_1_4iq7bk1c,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'stomatal initial cell'?","A. An plant epidermal initial cell that undergoes several rounds of uneven division, each time giving rise to a larger daughter cell that differentiates into an epidermal ground cell and a smaller daughter cell that remains meristematic, until the meristematic cell differentiates into a guard mother cell . B. An initial cell that is part of an plant epidermis and gives rise to specialized cells. C. A phyllome founder cell that is part of a vascular leaf anlagen . D. A plant epidermal initial cell that gives rise to an epidermal rhizoid .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,stomatal initial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000062 1_1_bsbs8fvv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disseminated intravascular coagulation [defibrination syndrome]'?","A. an underactive thyroid gland. B. A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the aortic valve. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the left ventricle into the aorta. C. occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. D. A disease where the blood clots throughout the body and increases the risk of bleeding",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,disseminated intravascular coagulation [defibrination syndrome],http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000555 1_1_o9ap8vvb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Occipital horn'?","A. Downward pointing exostoses of the occipital bone situated in the tendinous insertions of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. B. Excessive vomiting in early pregnancy, leading to the loss of 5% or more of body weight. C. An abnormal shape of occiput. D. Abnormality of the occipital bone of the skull.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Occipital horn,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034975 1_1_n8wi4rja,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tailor, dressmaker, or custom sewer'?","A. Mix and serve drinks to patrons, directly or through waitstaff. B. Design, make, alter, repair, or fit garments. C. Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines. D. Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise, classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt, prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling complaints.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"tailor, dressmaker, or custom sewer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51605200 1_1_ue6jjcwb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'acyl-lipid (8-3)-desaturase activity'?","A. Catalyzes the reaction: versicolorin B + NADPH + O2 = versicolorin A + NADP+ + 2 H2O. Uses heme-thiolate as a co-factor. Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus. B. Catalysis of the reaction: an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = a (4R,8E)-4-hydroxysphingenine ceramide + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O or an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (4R,8Z)-4-hydroxysphing-8-enine ceramide + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. This results in the formation of a double bond between C8 and C9 of the long chain base of a sphingolipid. C. Catalysis of the reaction: an (8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatrienoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H+ + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-containing glycerolipid + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O. Also converts an (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-containing glycerolipid into a (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-containing glycerolipid. D. Catalysis of the reaction: (S)-cheilanthifoline + [reduced NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 -> (S)-stylopine + [oxidized NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,acyl-lipid (8-3)-desaturase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102866 1_1_rn8akx1d,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fiber tracheid'?","A. A xylem fiber cell in which the inner-most layer of the secondary cell wall contains abundant cellulose and is poor in lignin. B. A xylem fiber cell with bordered pits with pit cavities. C. A fiber tracheid that has as parts one or more thin internal partitions or septa. D. A fiber cell that is part of a portion of xylem tissue.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fiber tracheid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000355 1_1_r9r9av2h,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'management of financial resources'?","A. A skill realized in teaching others how to do something. B. A skill realized in installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications. C. A skill realized in determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures. D. A skill realized in being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,management of financial resources,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000031 1_1_381jq4s1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'krakatoa wind'?","A. (Also spelled Krakatau; formerly called overtrades.) A layer of easterly winds over the Tropics at an altitude of about 18-24 km. This layer tops the midtropospheric westerlies (the antitrades), is at least 6 km deep, and is based at about 2 km above the tropopause. This easterly current is more prominent and better defined in the summer hemisphere. It derives its name from the observed behavior of the volcanic dust carried around the world after the great eruption of Krakatoa (6?S, 105?E) in 1883. B. In the Tirol, an east wind during March and April. C. A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines. D. Breeze blowing from Arve toward Geneva in Switzerland.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,krakatoa wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/KrakatoaWind 1_1_2d72fi9c,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'kindergarten teacher, except special education'?","A. Review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of risk involved and determine acceptance of applications. B. Apply knowledge of health care and database management to analyze clinical data, and to identify and report trends. C. Teach academic and social skills to kindergarten students. D. Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. Serve as liaison between business and technical aspects of projects. Plan project stages and assess business implications for each stage. Monitor progress to assure deadlines, standards, and cost targets are met.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"kindergarten teacher, except special education",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25201200 1_1_gd0ioix9,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PDE Algorithm'?","A. CMA- it implements k-fold cross validation, MCMC cross validation, bootstrap and (t.test or welch.test or wilcox.test or f.test or kruskal.test or One-step Recursive Feature Elimination or random forest variable importance measure or lasso or elastic net or componentwise boosting) B. A partial differential equation (PDE) is a differential equation that contains unknown multivariable functions and their partial derivatives. This is in contrast to ordinary differential equations, which deal with functions of a single variable and their derivatives. C. This algorithm offers improved confidence scores, quality scores for SNP’s and batches, higher accuracy on different datasets and better performance. D. Differential Algebraic equations (DAEs) are a general form of (systems of) differential equations for vector–valued functions in one independent variable. In practical terms, the distinction between DAEs and ODEs is often that the solution of a DAE system depends on the derivatives of the input signal and not just the signal itself as in the case of ODEs.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PDE Algorithm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/algorithm/SWO_4000010 1_1_i9x012rq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Adenoviral pneumonia'?","A. Viral pneumonia is an infection of your lungs caused by a virus. B. An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs caused by Parainfluenza virus C. Human metapneumovirus is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Pneumoviridae and is closely related to the Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C. D. Adenovirus pneumonia occasionally occurs in immunocompromised hosts and is characterized by rapid clinical deterioration compared to other viral pneumonias with a reported fatality rate of 50%.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Adenoviral pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000226 1_1_8vpyym17,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 35'?","A. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset with severe to profound, stable hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the TPRN gene on chromosome 9q34. B. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized severe to profound hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the ESRRB gene on chromosome 14q24. C. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MSRB3 gene on chromosome 12q14. D. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in mutation in the MYO7A gene on chromosome 11q13.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 35,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110493 1_1_04v1gw1f,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure'?","A. Pulmonary vasodilator testing is performed during right-heart catheterization and involves a short-acting vasoactive agent such as adenosine, epoprostenol, or inhaled nitric oxide. The current definition of a normal (positive) response is a drop in mean pulmonary artery pressure of at least 10 mm Hg (or 20 percent) to below 40 mm Hg. B. An abnormally elevated blood pressure in the circulation of the pulmonary artery. C. An abnormal increase in pressure in the pulmonary veins, usually as a result of left atrial hypertension. D. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) above 15mmHg.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030876 1_1_rt0qz3y6,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'synaptic vesicle'?","A. Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. B. A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. C. A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. D. A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,synaptic vesicle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008021 1_1_kftozidc,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'continental subsurface zone'?","A. A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. B. Regions of a planet which are not exposed to the planet's atmosphere or space, often comprising parts of one or more planetary structural layers. C. A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. D. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide radiation therapy.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,continental subsurface zone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000942 1_1_d1qx2qih,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'fall wind'?","A. A wind that accelerates as it moves downslope because of its low temperature and greater density. B. A nautical term for a violent squall of wind from mountain ravines on the Pacific side of Central America. C. The mountain wind of a canyon, that is, the nighttime down-canyon flow of air caused by cooling at the canyon walls. D. A wind resulting from cold air running or flowing down a slope, caused by greater air density near the slope than at the same altitude some distance horizontally from the slope.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,fall wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/FallWind 1_1_eoxyrivc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle'?","A. Papillary muscle of right venricle which is attached to the wall of right ventricle below the anteroposterior commissure of tricuspid valve and the septomarginal trabecula. B. Papillary muscle of left ventricle which has as its parts the anterolateral and posterior heads of the lateral papillary muscle of left ventricle that is continuous with the lateral wall of left ventricle. C. Papillary muscle of right ventricle which is attached to the wall of right ventricle below the posteroseptal commissure of tricuspid valve. D. Papillary muscle of left ventricle which has as its parts the posteromedial and anterior heads of the posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle and is continuous with the inferior wall of left ventricle..",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Posterior papillary muscle of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7266 1_1_0bmfa8yr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tarsus endochondral element'?","A. An endochondral element that is part of a autopod region. B. A pedal digit phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. C. A femur bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. D. A tarsus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tarsus endochondral element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015050 1_1_9no1uz13,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Coronary sinus tree'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by the nasion and stomion. B. Vein of septum pellucidum, each instance of which is a tributary of some superior thalamostriate vein that drains the posterior septum pellucidum. C. Cardiac venous tree which consists of the coronary sinus and all its tributaries. There is only one main cardiac venous tree. D. Systemic venous tree (organ), the trunk of which is the coronary sinus or the small cardiac vein. Examples: main cardiac venous tree, right marginal venous tree..",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Coronary sinus tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50308 1_1_s6k7ny5o,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for observation for suspected exposure to other biological agents ruled out'?","A. encounter for observation due to suspected exposure to biological agents B. Care involving use of other rehabilitation procedures C. no symptoms, but HIV was found in patient's bloodstream D. describes the circumstance causing an injury",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for observation for suspected exposure to other biological agents ruled out,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000387 1_1_dajsc6so,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lung megakaryocyte'?","A. Any connective tissue cell that is part of some annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis. B. Mast cell subtype whose granules contain both the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. These cells are primarily found in connective tissue, such as the peritoneal cavity, skin, and intestinal submucosa. Their development is T-cell independent. C. A megakaryocyte that is resident in the lung connective tissue. D. A scaffolding cell type found in C. elegans, this cell plays a supportive role to the muscle arms. May also have an endocrine role.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lung megakaryocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4033018 1_1_ybe4c1bv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue'?","A. Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an orbital region. B. A mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue. C. Any mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue that is part of an abdomen. D. Intraventricular hemorrhage that occurs in a preterm infant and that shows parenchymal extension.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,mesenchymal stem cell of orbital adipose tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4040004 1_1_3hrlq22c,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete R data frame'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete R data frame,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000409 1_1_xqmviodl,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'smooth muscle of trachea'?","A. Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus. B. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. C. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. D. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,smooth muscle of trachea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003387 1_1_y74ws4nt,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 IN'?","A. CC BY 3.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. B. CC BY-NC 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, use the work for non-commercial purposes, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. C. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. D. CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 IN is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 IN,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000089 1_1_1o188fdq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'weatherization installer or technician'?","A. Set up, operate, or tend woodworking machines, such as drill presses, lathes, shapers, routers, sanders, planers, and wood nailing machines. May operate computer numerically controlled (CNC) equipment. B. Perform a variety of activities to weatherize homes and make them more energy efficient. Duties include repairing windows, insulating ducts, and performing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) work. May perform energy audits and advise clients on energy conservation measures. C. Mix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides through sprays, dusts, vapors, soil incorporation, or chemical application on trees, shrubs, lawns, or crops. Usually requires specific training and state or federal certification. D. Replace or repair broken windshields and window glass in motor vehicles.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,weatherization installer or technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47409903 1_1_9gvr29et,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphenovomerine suture'?","A. The outer cell layer of the mammary gland epithelium bilayer which is located basal to the luminal (secretory) cells and adjacent to the basement membrane. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an noradrenergic neuron that is part of the brainstem. C. A suture joining a sphenoid bone with the alae of a vomer to form a schindylesis type of joint. D. Any suture between facial bones.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,sphenovomerine suture,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_7500107 1_1_rsq7xp1w,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'campesine B(1+)'?","A. A member of the class of quinolines that is 2-methoixyquinoline carrying additional 4-chlorobenzyl and (4-carboxamidinopiperidin-1-yl)methyl substituents at positions 3 and 6 respectively. B. Major microspecies at pH 7.3. C. A tertiary ammonium ion resulting from the protonation of the two amino groups of azithromycin; major species at pH 7.3. D. A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,campesine B(1+),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_232510 1_1_s2a9qg9s,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'protoxylem'?","A. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem progresses centripetally, the oldest elements (protoxylem) are farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally with the oldest elements (protoxylem) in the center of the axis. C. A portion of xylem tissue that develops from the procambium . D. A portion of primary xylem tissue that has as part one or more protoxylem tracheary elements embedded in parenchyma tissue.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000272 1_1_po7t3z81,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'erythrophore differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,erythrophore differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048773 1_1_1l0l53jn,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-nitrobenzenediazonium'?","A. A phosphocholine carrying an O-(4-diazoniophenyl) substituent. B. The aromatic diazonium ion that is diazotised 4-aminobenzoic acid. C. The aromatic diazonium ion that is diazotised 2-aminophenylarsonic acid. D. The aromatic diazonium ion formed from diazotisation of the amino group in 4-nitroaniline.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-nitrobenzenediazonium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64469 1_1_j3j5bcn4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Ankylosing spondylitis'?","A. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is caused by the thinning of the bones B. degeneration of the tissues of the hip joint, including hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, bone, and synovium C. Spondyloarthropathy or spondyloarthrosis refers to any joint disease of the vertebral column. D. Diseases and conditions affecting the muskoskeletal system and connective tissue",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Ankylosing spondylitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000080 1_1_fqz69vni,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'adenohypophysis formation'?","A. Tolerance induction of natural killer cells. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving primary amino compound. C. Binding to a peptide with hormonal activity in animals. D. The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,adenohypophysis formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048847 1_1_eyj5e5qa,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'IHSF115'?","A. 2'-deoxy-7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanosine 5'-monophosphate B. The deoxy form of the rare sugar L-fructose. C. Conjugate base of bkas#18-CoA D. HSF1 inhibitors(heat shock transcription factor 1 inhibitors).",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,IHSF115,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_232602 1_1_fc01b82s,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'follicular basal cell carcinoma'?","A. A basal cell carcinoma that is located_in the anal margin. B. A basal cell carcinoma that is characterized by follicular differentiation. C. A basal cell carcinoma that is characterized by the formation of thin, small clusters in an infiltrative growth pattern. D. A basal cell carcinoma characterized by brown or black pigmentation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,follicular basal cell carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4295 1_1_dcdayve2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of formation of translation initiation ternary complex.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of formation of translation initiation ternary complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901191 1_1_rgk0yzxo,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'person with feared health complaint in whom no diagnosis is made'?","A. places one among the people considered obese, but also fall in the higher end of this category, meaning that gaining even more weight would put one in the danger of classifying as extremely obese B. a medical diagnosis of person with feared health complaint in whom no diagnosis is made. C. Actions done to prevent a disease or to relieve a symptom i.e.: Surgery to remove blood clots D. describes the circumstance causing an injury",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,person with feared health complaint in whom no diagnosis is made,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000410 1_1_ud05xq95,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'risk society'?","A. The economic or cultural state or condition of society which is said to exist after modernity. B. The manner in which modern society organizes in response to risk. The term is closely associated with several key writers on modernity, in particular Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens. C. A society driven by the use of technology to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labor. D. The ensemble of particular socio-cultural norms, attitudes and practices that arose in the wake of the Renaissance—in the ""Age of Reason"" of 17th-century thought and the 18th-century ""Enlightenment"".",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,risk society,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010543 1_1_luvmyxcw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphinganine'?","A. A beta-D-glucosylceramide in which a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached to the primary hydroxyl group of N-docosanoyl-14-methylhexadecasphingosine. It is a metabolite of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. B. A hexosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphinganine in which the hexosyl component is specified as beta-D-glucosyl. C. A glucosylceramide consisting of a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached to the primary hydroxyl group of N-acyl-(4E,6E)-pentadecasphingadienine. D. A glucosylceramide isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphinganine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_82919 1_1_fn7o2355,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'gcrma'?","A. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed. B. The rama package consists of several functions for robust estimation of two color microarray intensities with replicates C. ChemMineR is an open source compound mining framework. It contains functions for atom descriptor calculation, structure similarity searching, clustering of compound libraries and various utilities for managing complex compound data. It also offers a wide range of visualization functions for compound clusters and chemical structures. The package is integrated with the online ChemMine environment and allows bidirectional communications between the two services. D. Background adjustment using sequence information",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,gcrma,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000547 1_1_z7gq3x5b,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'analogue signal'?","A. An analog signal. B. A subclass of MusicalExpression, representing a signal, for example a master signal produced by a performance and a recording. C. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. A digital signal",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,analogue signal,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/AnalogSignal 1_1_w162jirz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as avoidable consequences'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about how avoidable the expected consequences of an event will be. B. A bodily movement behaviour which involves moving, or leaning, away from people (avoidance). C. An appraisal that represents a judgement that the expected consequences of an event will be difficult to avoid or modify. D. An appraisal that represents a judgement that the expected consequences of an event are in principle avoidable or modfiable.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as avoidable consequences,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000092 1_1_zdyhyrdr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'd-block molecular entity'?","A. A d-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a d-block element. B. A molecular entity containing one or more atoms of a transition element. C. An alcohol control policy aimed at reducing the harm from consumption of alcohol in a population under its jurisdication without promoting complete abstinence from alcohol. D. A person who is not a substance user.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,d-block molecular entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33676 1_1_dhnbbt62,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of protein processing'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, a protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein maturation. D. Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of protein processing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070613 1_1_50bc463s,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ intentional homicide rate'?","A. A durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skins. The most common raw material is cattle hide. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from artisan to modern industrial scale. B. The number of intentional homicides of LGBTQIA+ persons per given unit of population over a given period of time. C. The number of intentional homicides per given unit of population over a given period of time. D. A trope in adaptations of media in which a character, multiple characters, or all characters have their genders ""switched"" for any of various purposes.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ intentional homicide rate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009358 1_1_baeogffy,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cytotechnologist'?","A. Diagnose and treat diseases and deformities of the human foot. B. Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law. C. Stain, mount, and study cells to detect evidence of cancer, hormonal abnormalities, and other pathological conditions following established standards and practices. D. Study the origin, development, and behavior of human beings. May study the way of life, language, or physical characteristics of people in various parts of the world. May engage in systematic recovery and examination of material evidence, such as tools or pottery remaining from past human cultures, in order to determine the history, customs, and living habits of earlier civilizations.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cytotechnologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29201102 1_1_tasmv72q,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'necrosis'?","A. Inflammation is a general symptom where there is a local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue. B. Insomnia is a sleep disturbance characterized by prolonged and usually abnormal inability to obtain adequate sleep. C. Necrosis is a general symptom where death of a portion of tissue differentially affected by local injury (as loss of blood supply, corrosion, burning, or the local lesion of a disease). D. Enlargement; expansion in size; sign of inflammation",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,necrosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000132 1_1_4zoz463z,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nuclear membrane'?","A. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. B. Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. C. Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. D. The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nuclear membrane,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0031965 1_1_3egz29sp,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of actomyosin structure organization'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac myofibril assembly. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin or paramyosin. C. Any cell-cell adhesion process that modulates the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of actomyosin structure organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0110020 1_1_0qr7k6sg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'drug unit dose'?","A. A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole B. An information content entity that specifies the amount of a drug in a single item of a drug preparation. C. A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. D. An information content entity that is an aggregate of documents.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,drug unit dose,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000534 1_1_2gaarslu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Peters anomaly'?","A. A cataract that occurs congenitally as the result of a developmental defect, in contrast to the majority of cataracts that occur in adulthood as the result of degenerative changes of the lens. B. Limbus-to-limbus corneal thinning, often greatest in the periphery, with globular protrusion of the cornea. C. A form of anterior segment dysgenesis in which abnormal cleavage of the anterior chamber occurs. Peters anomaly is characterized by central, paracentral, or complete corneal opacity. D. Absence or underdevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Peters anomaly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000659 1_1_hdxbhjin,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'donepezil'?","A. They are a group of drugs that block the normal breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh) into acetate and choline and thereby increase both the levels and duration of actions of acetylcholine found in the central and peripheral nervous system. B. A carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of ethyl(methyl)carbamic acid with the phenolic OH group of 3-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenol. A reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. C. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine. D. A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,donepezil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53289 1_1_ebkkltck,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-terminal protein amino acid methylation'?","A. The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein. B. The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein. C. The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins. D. The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,N-terminal protein amino acid methylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006480 1_1_cot8t0p6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of connective tissue growth factor production'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of connective tissue growth factor production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032643 1_1_z05u7sob,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'False chorda tendinea of right ventricle'?","A. Chorda tendinea of the right ventricle which attaches one leaflet of tricuspid valve to another leaflet of the same valve. B. Chorda tendinea of the right ventricle which is attached to the commissure of tricuspid valve. C. Chorda tendinea of right ventricle which attaches a papillary muscle to another papillary muscle of right ventricle or to the wall of right ventricle. D. Chorda tendinea which is attached to the leaflet of tricuspid valve and is continuous with the endocardium of papillary muscle of right ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,False chorda tendinea of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9380 1_1_r5yv9xj3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'oviduct'?","A. Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. B. A tube or collection of tubes in an animal from the ovaries to the outside of the body. C. One of the folds of skin which form the inner lips (labia minora) and outer lips (labia majora) on both sides of the vaginal opening. D. An organ involved in reproduction.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,oviduct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000993 1_1_9ozr8kth,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'gynoecium ridge'?","A. A collective phyllome structure composed all of the carpels in a flower . B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a seventh order inflorescence axis . C. A sterile pistil, often rudimentary. D. A gynoecium in the early stages of development, characterized as a ridge on the abaxial surface of the floral meristem that develops from a gynoecium primordium.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,gynoecium ridge,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025088 1_1_wd1uko5w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contact dermatitis'?","A. Seborrheic dermatitis is a form of eczema which is closely related to dandruff. It causes dry or greasy peeling of the scalp, eyebrows, and face, and sometimes trunk. B. An inflammatory process in skin caused by an exogenous agent that directly or indirectly injure the skin. If the offending agent is identified and removed, the eruption will resolve. An unusual or patterned eruption may be a clue to the presence of a contact dermatitis. Patch testing may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. C. A type of eczema characterized by pruritic coin-shaped patches on the skin. Nummular eczema most commonly occurs on the extremities, particularly the legs, but may occur anywhere on the trunk, hands, or feet D. Stasis dermatitis commonly occurs in older age. It is caused by venous hypertension resulting from retrograde flow due to incompetent venous valves, valve destruction, or obstruction of the venous system. Further tissue changes arise from an inflammatory process mediated by metalloproteinases, which are up-regulated by ferric ion from extravasated red blood cells. Stasis dermatitis presents initially as poorly demarcated erythematous plaques of the lower legs bilaterally, classically involving the medial malleolus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Contact dermatitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032282 1_1_8ec6lyrr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'surgical assistant'?","A. Transcribe medical reports recorded by physicians and other healthcare practitioners using various electronic devices, covering office visits, emergency room visits, diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports and translate abbreviations into fully understandable form. Edit as necessary and return reports in either printed or electronic form for review and signature, or correction. B. Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site. C. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of agricultural, forestry, aquacultural, and related workers. D. Set up, operate, and maintain the electronic equipment used to acquire, edit, and transmit audio and video for radio or television programs. Control and adjust incoming and outgoing broadcast signals to regulate sound volume, signal strength, and signal clarity. Operate satellite, microwave, or other transmitter equipment to broadcast radio or television programs.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,surgical assistant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29909300 1_1_33p3vwkn,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'curieux'?","A. An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency. B. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion that is an interest and engagement in an object or situation with a desire to know more. D. A positive emotion characterized by assured reliance regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process involves an appraisal that the entity is reliable, safe, good and/or honest.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,curieux,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000167 1_1_y9vz5a7s,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual dyadic relationship'?","A. A sexual relationship which is fluid in nature. B. A sexual relationship involving two people. C. A relationship involving some kind of sexual intimacy between persons of the same gender. D. An intimate relationship that is sexually non-monogamous; or, a sexual relationship, monogamous or otherwise, which is open to additional sexual connections.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual dyadic relationship,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012461 1_1_mia9olqc,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'OIV:242'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,OIV:242,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:3000090 1_1_uzgp2k3s,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'post-mating oviposition'?","A. The specific behavior of an organism following mating. B. The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water. C. The deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating. D. The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,post-mating oviposition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060403 1_1_vj7haga0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'person with alcohol use disorder'?","A. A young adult who uses alcohol. B. A psychoactive substance user who consumes alcohol. C. An alcohol user who is seeking treatment for their alcohol use. D. An alcohol user who presents with alcohol use disorder.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,person with alcohol use disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000768 1_1_l365crwh,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'axillary shoot system'?","A. An axillary shoot that develops from a tuber axillary bud. B. A shoot-borne shoot system that develops from an axillary bud . C. Shoot system in which the internodes elongate little or at all, bearing reproductive structures and/or leaves. D. A shoot-borne shoot system developing from a stem .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,axillary shoot system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006343 1_1_6ecygt0x,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac arrest, cause unspecified'?","A. is a structure formed during inflammation that is found in many diseases. It is a collection of immune cells known as macrophages.[1] Granulomas form when the immune system attempts to wall off substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as keratin and suture fragments. B. Presence of a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs in patients with acute cor pulmonale (acute right heart failure) C. A disorder characterized by cessation of the pumping function of the heart. D. A disorder characterized by cessation of the pumping function of the heart.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"cardiac arrest, cause unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000231 1_1_h97zt2ts,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dead'?","A. A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. B. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's decomposition into component parts. C. An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. D. A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dead,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001422 1_1_6zsbu66y,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fusarium wilt susceptibility class'?","A. Observe susceptibility to fusarium wilt and rate it. B. Observe achene stripes colour and rate it. C. Presence or absence of petiole sheath D. Stem pubescence length taken at r-5 stage and recorded as a range.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fusarium wilt susceptibility class,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000385 1_1_zhi9bxdt,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sex work'?","A. The exchange of sexual services, performances, or products for material compensation B. Any of various services or businesses which provide pornographic material. C. Sex work done by migrant workers. D. The business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sex work,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003465 1_1_dguiw55t,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'woodland clearing'?","A. A tract of land which has few or no trees and is surrounded by more heavily wooded areas. B. A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. C. A woodland clearing which is large enough to starve land fires of fuel, impeding their progress through wooded areas. D. A field which includes at least two mounts connected by high ground and arranged in an approximately linear fashion.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,woodland clearing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000444 1_1_shvwu2w8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf abaxial epidermis'?","A. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a leaf. B. A prickle that is part of a leaf . C. A portion of leaf epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf . D. A portion of leaf lamina epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a leaf lamina .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006019 1_1_drerdq81,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine or tyramine signaling pathway. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of octopamine signaling pathway. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tyramine signaling pathway.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of tyramine signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000133 1_1_2j8izblx,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolescence reason specification'?","A. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. B. The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. C. The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. D. Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,obsolescence reason specification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000225 1_1_8ifqisdm,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'estradiol ester'?","A. A synthetic long-acting polymer derivative of the sex hormone estradiol. As the primary, most potent estrogen hormone produced by the ovaries, estradiol binds to and activates specific nuclear receptors. Estradiol exhibits mild anabolic and metabolic properties, and increases blood coagulability. Administration of polyestradiol phosphate leads to the marked decrease of testosterone levels and may exhibit a bone mass-preserving effect in patients with prostatic cancer. B. An ester of an estrogen, most typically of estradiol but also of other estrogens such as estrone, estriol, and even nonsteroidal estrogens like diethylstilbestrol. C. A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol. D. An ester of an estradiol.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,estradiol ester,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006287 1_1_50n7jfg9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'SdlngDisInc - Counting'?","A. Count the number of plants that are affected by mal de rio cuarto virus per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. B. Count the number of plants that are affected by DMJ per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. C. Count the plants that are affected by fusarium moniliforme stalk rot per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. D. Count the seedling that are affected by seedling diseases per plot.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,SdlngDisInc - Counting,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000903 1_1_4bupto3y,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant branch number'?","A. Tolerance of the plant to drought conditions B. Number of pods per plant. C. Number of branches per plant. D. Assessement of pods weight per unit area or plot.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant branch number,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000245 1_1_vpxd1duq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'response to simvastatin'?","A. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus. B. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. C. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a simvastatin stimulus. Simvastatin is a statin used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. D. Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,response to simvastatin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903491 1_1_v6mh6g0c,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia in viral diseases classified elsewhere'?","A. an infection in the bloodstream that may travel to different body organs. B. Patient did not undergo treatment due to patients decision C. pneumonia caused by other viral diseases D. pneumonia caused by other diseases",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pneumonia in viral diseases classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000180 1_1_3o864n9d,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'End of flowering time - Measurement'?","A. Record date when the first flowers appear in the plot B. Compute seed yield per hectare using the seed weight harvested on field plots C. Seed yield per plant measured on single plants D. Record date when no more new flowers are formed in the plot",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,End of flowering time - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_374:0000060 1_1_nvr2v1bv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chiari type III malformation'?","A. Chiari malformation consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum, sometimes causing hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of CSF outflow. B. A type of Chiari malformation that involves herniation of the hindbrain (cerebellum with or without the brainstem) into a low occipital or high cervical meningoencephalocele. C. A type of Chiari malformation that consists of brainstem herniation and a towering cerebellum in addition to the herniated cerebellar tonsils and vermis due to an open distal spinal dysraphism/myelomeningocele. D. Arnold-Chiari type I malformation refers to a relatively mild degree of herniation of the posteroinferior region of the cerebellum (the cerebellar tonsils) into the cervical canal with little or no displacement of the fourth ventricle. It is characterized by one or both pointed (not rounded) cerebellar tonsils that project 5 mm below the foramen magnum, measured by a line drawn from the basion to the opisthion (McRae Line)",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Chiari type III malformation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025661 1_1_9179sidu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tooth enamel organ'?","A. This layer contains bundles of unmyelinated cone and rod photoreceptor axons terminating in the pedicles and spherules that synapse in the retinal outer plexiform layer (OPL). B. A circumscribed mass of ectodermal cells which bud off from the dental lamina; it becomes cup-shaped and develops on its internal face the ameloblast layer of cells that produces the enamel cap of a developing tooth. C. A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. D. The layer of lightly staining corneocytes found between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum layers; found primarily in the thick epidermis of the palmar and plantar skin and is composed of three to five layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tooth enamel organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005176 1_1_njyxqza2,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''AffyCompatible''?","A. This package detects outliers using quantile regression on the M-A scatterplots of high-throughput data. B. Analysis of N-dye Micro Array experiment using mixed model effect. Containing anlysis of variance, permutation and bootstrap, cluster and consensus tree. C. This package provides tools for evaluating cohort distributions of gene expression levels D. The AffyCompatible package provides an interface to Affymetrix chip annotation and sample attribute files. The package allows an easy way for users to download and manage local data bases of Affynmetrix NetAffx annotation files. The package also provides access to GeneChip Operating System (GCOS) and GeneChip Command Console (AGCC)-compatible sample annotation files.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'AffyCompatible',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100018 1_1_fnnixvq0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'concentration of nitrate in groundwater'?","A. The concentration of nitrate when measured in liquid water. B. An underground or underwater passage. C. The concentration of a nitrate when measured in groundwater. D. The concentration of nitrate when measured in sea water.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,concentration of nitrate in groundwater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_09200020 1_1_giehbsxr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'annotate''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'annotate',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000466 1_1_8egm7pmn,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor'?","A. A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor that is located_in the testis. B. A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor characterized by excessive proliferation of Sertoli cells. C. A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor characterized by variable proportions of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, primitive gonadal stroma and/or heterologous elements located_in the ovaries and testicles. D. A sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor that arises from the ovary and is composed of granulosa cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, theca cells, and fibroblasts.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2997 1_1_whi94gxe,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of production or operating worker'?","A. Assist a preschool, elementary, middle, or secondary school teacher to provide academic, social, or life skills to students who have learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Serve in a position for which a teacher has primary responsibility for the design and implementation of educational programs and services. B. Operate computer-controlled tools, machines, or robots to machine or process parts, tools, or other work pieces made of metal, plastic, wood, stone, or other materials. May also set up and maintain equipment. C. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of production and operating workers, such as inspectors, precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system operators. Excludes team or work leaders. D. Create or reproduce handmade objects for sale and exhibition using a variety of techniques, such as welding, weaving, pottery, and needlecraft.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of production or operating worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51101100 1_1_9uy8x3x9,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hochgefühl'?","A. An intensely positive emotion and strong feeling of excitement. B. A positive emotion which is experienced in reaction to a positive experience or event. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion that accompanies appraisal of an object, situation or event as humourous. D. A very positive emotion accompanied by feelings of exhilaration.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Hochgefühl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000045 1_1_hg4iw713,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'diphyllobothriasis'?","A. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves zoonotic infection caused by Moniezia expansa, the common tapeworm of sheep. B. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection caused by Diphyllobothrium latum through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. The symptoms include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss and vitamin B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia. C. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the bile ducts of the liver by Clonorchis sinensis. The symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and eosinophilia. In long-standing infections, cholangitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and cholangiocarcinoma can develop. D. A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection of the liver, pancreas and gall bladder by Opisthorchis viverrini or Opisthorchis felineus. The symptoms include dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, hepatomegaly, cholangitis, cholecystitis, and cholangiocarcinoma.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,diphyllobothriasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10075 1_1_7x4dx08s,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2-aminopentanenitrile'?","A. An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of 3-amino-N,2-dimethyloxolane-3-carboxamide (the 2R,3R,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. B. A chromone that is 4H-chromen-4-one substituted by (1R)-1-[(3-aminopropyl)(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]-2-methylpropyl, benzyl, and chloro groups at positions 2, 3, and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (Ki = 0.1 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic activity. C. A steroid alkaloid isolated from Wrightia javanica and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. D. A nitrile that is pentanenitrile in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by an amino group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2-aminopentanenitrile,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77400 1_1_rkfpo1qp,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'virus tail fiber assembly'?","A. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a virus tail fiber. B. A transcription initiation process during which a nucleotide sequence between 10 and 20 nucleotides in size is cleaved from the 5' end of host mRNAs by a viral RNA-dependent polymerase. The capped leader sequence obtained is subsequently used to prime transcription on the viral genome, which ultimately leads to the synthesis of capped, translatable viral mRNAs. C. Maturation of a virion after separation from the host cell. Not all viruses mature after separation. In those that do, maturation typically involves rearangement and/or cleavage of viral proteins, resulting in the virion becoming competent for reinfection. D. The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,virus tail fiber assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098004 1_1_stptxgx7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cavity of right ventricle'?","A. Cavity of ventricle which is surrounded by the wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the lumen of the aorta. B. Organ with organ cavity the cavity, each instance of which connects some instance of uterine cavity to some instance of peritoneal cavity. Examples: There are only two uterine tubes, the right and the left uterine tubes. C. Cavity of ventricle which is surrounded by the wall of right vetricle and is continuous with the lumen of the pulmonary trunk. D. Renal calyx, each instance of which is formed by instances of two or more minor calices and drains into some renal pelvis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cavity of right ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9291 1_1_lrvf4x7g,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'healthcare social worker'?","A. Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies. B. Design special exhibits and sets for film, video, television, and theater productions. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles. C. Teach courses in communications, such as organizational communications, public relations, radio/television broadcasting, and journalism. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Provide individuals, families, and groups with the psychosocial support needed to cope with chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses. Services include advising family caregivers. Provide patients with information and counseling, and make referrals for other services. May also provide case and care management or interventions designed to promote health, prevent disease, and address barriers to access to healthcare.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,healthcare social worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21102200 1_1_2i8plbcj,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unilateral deafness'?","A. A type of hearing impairment affecting primarily the low frequencies of sound (125 Hz to 1000 Hz). B. A unilateral absence of sensory perception of sound. C. A type of hearing impairment affecting primarily the higher frequencies of sound (3,000 to 6,000 Hz). D. A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Unilateral deafness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009900 1_1_2io2ahyi,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'axonemal microtubule'?","A. One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C1 axonemal microtubule (also called C1 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections. B. An incomplete microtubule containing 10 protofilaments that fuses with a complete microtubule called A tubule (containing 13 protofilaments) to form an axonemal outer doublet. C. One of two microtubules present in the axonemal central pair. It is distinguishable from the C2 axonemal microtubule (also called C2 tubule) by the presence of differing protein components of the projections. D. A microtubule in the axoneme of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules, which may or may not surround a pair of single microtubules.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,axonemal microtubule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005879 1_1_5rebxbjv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'False labor before 37 completed weeks of gestation'?","A. irregular uterine contractions before the 37th week of pregnancy that mimick real labor B. Gestational diabetes is diabetes that happens for the first time when a woman is pregnant. Gestational diabetes goes away when you have your baby, but it does increase your risk for having diabetes later. C. symptoms during pregnancy and the puerperium (after the pregnancy) D. supervision of a pregnancy in a woman who has delivered 5 or more infants who has achieved a gestational age of 24+ weeks",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,False labor before 37 completed weeks of gestation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000518 1_1_65hye38f,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'fear-induced aggressive behavior'?","A. Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat. B. Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target. C. Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. D. A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,fear-induced aggressive behavior,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002122 1_1_chfjmt76,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lambing storm'?","A. A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. B. A snowfall which occurs during springtime and is of low intensity. C. Snowfall which 1) is localized, 2) is convective, and 3) occurs as a result of a cold, dry air mass absorbing heat and moisture as it flows over a lake with warmer waters. D. Snowfall which has an increased rate.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lambing storm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400008 1_1_6u6gpw7p,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(S)-donepezil'?","A. A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. B. An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. C. A 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one that has R configuration. D. A 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one that has S configuration.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,(S)-donepezil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53290 1_1_hxspqfzu,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous)'?","A. A hydrate that is the hexahydrate form of manganese(II) sulfate. B. A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion. C. A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC. D. A hydrate resulting from the the formal combination of anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate with 12 mol eq. of water.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75832 1_1_4m4k0nlw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'IUCN habitat/species management area'?","A. An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). B. An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. C. An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. D. An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,IUCN habitat/species management area,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001166 1_1_zmi6l9rl,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-D-Glcp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)]-alpha-D-Glcp'?","A. An alpha-D-Glcp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)]-D-Glcp in which the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha- configuration. B. A glucotriose that is D-glucopyranose in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 have each been converted to the corresponding alpha-D-glucopyranosyl derivative. C. A C12, polyunsaturated acid carrying two double bonds at any position. D. A branched amino tetrasaccharide that consists of the linear trisaccharide alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having an alpha-L-fucosyl residue attached at the 2-position of the central galactose.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-D-Glcp-(1->3)-[alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)]-alpha-D-Glcp,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_148042 1_1_bwt7du6b,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thoracic duct tree'?","A. Lymphatic tree organ the main trunk of which is directly continuous with trunk of left subclavian vein. Examples: There is only one thoracic duct tree. B. Abdominal proper lymph node group which is located along the proximal segment of trunk of splenic artery. C. Lymphatic tree organ the main trunk of which is directly continuous with trunk of right subclavian vein. Examples: There is only one right lymphatic tree. D. Vascular tree organ the entire lumen of which contains lymph.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Thoracic duct tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma223649 1_1_w7wzx47h,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-leucinate'?","A. The L-enantiomer of leucinate. B. A polyprenylhydroquinone consisting of hydroquinone in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a (2Z)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group. C. An alpha-amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of leucine, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. The D-enantiomer of leucinate.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-leucinate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32623 1_1_m85csz2e,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subfoveal choroidal neovascularization'?","A. A type of choroidal neovascularization in which the area of neovascularization overlaps with the center of the fovea. B. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye. C. A type of choroidal neovascularization in which the nearest edge of the area of neovascularization is located 200 to 1500 micrometers from the center of the fovea. D. A type of choroidal neovascularization in which the nearest edge of the area of neovascularization is located 1 to 199 micrometers from the center of the fovea.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Subfoveal choroidal neovascularization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031241 1_1_4jryxrib,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Percent'?","A. Ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100). B. The candela is the SI base unit of luminous intensity, i.e., the power emitted by a light source in a particular direction, weighted by the luminosity function (a standardized model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths). C. The ampere is the SI unit of electric current and is one of the seven SI base units. D. A millibar is a unit pressure commonly used in meterology. 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 0.1 kPa = 1 hPa (hectopascal)",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Percent,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Percent 1_1_fazj9bdz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Organ part cluster'?","A. Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells. B. Anatomical cluster which has as its parts one or more anatomical structures surrounding an anatomical compartment space and the contents of that space. Examples: mediastinum, anterior compartment of forearm, renal sinus, interscalene triangle C. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of one or more organ part types which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, internal nose, soft palate, wall of gut, periorbita. D. Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts two or more types of cells grouped together according to shared attributes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Organ part cluster,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64990 1_1_r2dmyq88,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'epiphragm'?","A. A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a petiole. B. Chloroplast-containing parenchyma tissue. C. A portion of parenchyma tissue that forms a circular membrane extending from a spore capsule columella and attached to the ends of the peristome teeth that covers a spore capsule mouth. D. A maximal portion of parenchyma in the center of a shoot axis or root .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,epiphragm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030054 1_1_tjzhqxkq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lobule of lactiferous gland'?","A. Definitive germ cell of the male sex. B. Organ with organ cavity, each intance of which connects some cavity of the urinary bladder to the exterior. Examples: There is only one urethra. C. Organ component of the mammary gland which consists of an aggregate of mammary alveoli that communicate with a lobular lactiferous duct. D. Material anatomical entity, each instance of which is either in fluid or solid state, with or without admixture of some cells and biological macromolecules; produced by some anatomical structures or derived from some inhaled or ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures. Examples: portion of saliva, portion of semen, portion of cerebrospinal fluid, portion of respiratory air, portion of urine, feces, portion of blood, portion of plasma, portion of lymph.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lobule of lactiferous gland,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62090 1_1_p3g5p02z,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose'?","A. The 2,3-didehydro derivative of D-glucose. B. A natural product found in Chaetomium globosum and Chaetomium subaffine. C. A dTDP-sugar having 6-deoxy-alpha-D-galact-3-ulose (3-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hexose) as the sugar component. D. A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dTDP-3-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63302 1_1_3lf7et3y,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'induced abortion by dilation and curettage'?","A. Abortion in which a characteristic or characteristics of the fetus or the pregnancy is not preferred for any reason (including if the abortion is therapeutic to the pregnant person). B. Voluntary interruption of a pregnancy. C. Abortion induced by dilation and curettage (D&C), i.e. dilation of the cervix uteri followed by a scraping of the endometrium with a curette. D. An abortion induced in a manner considered legal.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,induced abortion by dilation and curettage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011411 1_1_kz9fvna7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Renal interstitial granulomas'?","A. Interstital aggregates of histiciocytes, occasionally multinucleated with associated lymphoplasmacytic and occasionally eosinophilic inflammation. Organization can range from poorly-to-well defined and multinucleated giant cells may be present. B. A focal collection of 20 or more red blood cells within the interstitium, that is irregular in shape (i.e., collections do not conform to the shape of tubules or capillary networks), without surrounding endothelium or tubular epithelium, and is in an area of intact core. C. Increased numbers of neutrophils in the interstitial tissues of the kidney. D. Presence of interstitial mononuclear leukocytes, i.e., white blood ceclls with a single round nucleus, including lymphocytes and monocytes but not including granulocytes (which have multilobed nuclei).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Renal interstitial granulomas,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032641 1_1_wx7aom3p,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'visual deprivation'?","A. Absence or restriction of external visual stimuli. B. The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds. C. A brief greeting or parting tradition in which two people grasp one of each other's like hands, in most cases accompanied by a brief up-and-down movement of the grasped hands. D. Absence or restriction of the usual auditory stimuli to which the individual responds.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,visual deprivation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005632 1_1_64pqbkry,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'chlorenchyma'?","A. Chloroplast-containing parenchyma tissue. B. A portion of parenchyma that is the outer layer of the pith . C. A portion of chlorenchyma tissue that is part of the plant ovary wall and is composed of mesophyll cells . D. A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a sepal.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,chlorenchyma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005426 1_1_se6037j0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'economic good role'?","A. A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. B. A role performed by an organisation or individual who participates in processes that bring the product into existence or purpose it as a product. C. A sample is a substance role played by a biological substance as an input substance to a protocol. D. A role that inheres in some material entity and is realized in some act of appraisal.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,economic good role,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001113 1_1_gypz0uuz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'RKN galls per plant - Method'?","A. Rootnot nematode gall counted 40 days after infection. B. Total number of holes on pods created by Groundnut bruchid larvae. C. Rootnot nematode gall counted on peg and pod surfaces 40 days after infection. D. Number of branches per plant counted 40-60 days after planting.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,RKN galls per plant - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000696 1_1_enf8gcf6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right crista philtri'?","A. Christa philtrum at the junction of right lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip. B. Subdivision of superior systemic venous tree, each instance of which is a tributary of some azygos or hemiazygos vein. C. Anatomical point of face at the junction of lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip. D. Christa philtrum at the junction of left lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right crista philtri,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281707 1_1_3l6ziyem,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'proximal-most point of greater trochanter of femur'?","A. The occipital angle is rounded and corresponds with the point of meeting of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures-a point which is termed the lambda (after the Greek letter of the same name); in the fetus this part of the skull is membranous, and is called the posterior fontanelle. B. The proximal-most point of the head of a femur. C. Non-material anatomical entity of zero dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical line or surface. D. The proximal-most point of the greater trochanter of a femur.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,proximal-most point of greater trochanter of femur,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_7500049 1_1_y9mat9qd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'suicide victim'?","A. A person who has suffered as a direct result of war. B. A person who is harmed by another or who suffers from a calamity. C. A person who has committed suicide. D. A person who is a victim of some form of exploitation.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,suicide victim,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004578 1_1_u8wgbpuz,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Embryo CS9'?","A. Discrete temporal embryo between 24-25 days postovulation. B. Discrete temporal embryo between 47-49 days postovulation. C. Discrete temporal embryo between 54-56 days postovulation. D. Discrete temporal embryo between 40-41 days postovulation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Embryo CS9,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma296863 1_1_nqfgas1c,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mawa'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed into strips. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, composed of sun-cured tobacco flakes, thin shavings of areca nut and slaked lime. C. A tobacco-containing product in which the tobacco is processed to enable absorption of a some tobacco constituent through an epithelial membrane. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mawa,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000986 1_1_1vocvnon,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate(2-)'?","A. D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate(2-) with alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. B. Dianion of D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate arising from deprotonation of both phosphate OH groups. C. D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate(2-) with beta-configuration at the anomeric carbon atom. D. A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' and a geranyl group at position 6. Isolated from Macaranga tanarius and propolis collected in Okinawa, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,D-glycero-alpha-D-manno-heptose 1-phosphate(2-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61574 1_1_av7abfn8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Resting State Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging'?","A. Anatomical structure which has as its parts one or more ordered aggregates of nucleotide, amino acid fatty acid or sugar molecules bonded to one another. Examples: collagen, DNA, neurotransmitter, troponin. B. An application of functional MRI used to measure cerebral blood flow. ASL uses magnetically labeled water as the tracer. C. Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders. D. A technique that monitors blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals to map brain regions that active while not performing any specific task.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Resting State Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C129326 1_1_c2ckmjix,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain-gap wind'?","A. A wind which is driven by the acceleration of flow through a gap, constriction, or channel resulting from large-scale pressure gradient, or by Venturi acceleration through a constricting passage. B. A rate which inheres in a soil percolation process. C. The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in soil. D. A jet-effect which passes through a gap, constriction, or channel between mountains in a mountain range or between ranges themselves.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mountain-gap wind,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001731 1_1_d7xjef16,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ceramide phosphoethanolamine (33:1)'?","A. A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid base and acyl group contains a total of 36 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds. B. A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid component is specified as 15-methylhexadecasphinganine. C. A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid base and acyl group contains a total of 35 carbon atoms and 1 double bond. D. A ceramide phosphoethanolamine in which the sphingoid base and acyl group contains a total of 33 carbon atoms and 1 double bond.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ceramide phosphoethanolamine (33:1),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86515 1_1_c8ui2pv4,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'microsporangiate strobilus'?","A. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes with pedicellate flowers , with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis. B. A strobilus that bears only pollen . C. A strobilus that bears only plant ovules . D. A reproductive shoot system consisting of a number of sporophylls or plant ovule -bearing modified leaves grouped terminally on a stem .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,microsporangiate strobilus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005031 1_1_3yejyqko,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Blood Inflammatory Marker'?","A. The medial temporal lobes are near the Sagittal plane that divides left and right cerebral hemispheres and are thought to be involved in episodic, declarative memory. B. A family of protein growth factors produced by the nervous system and peripheral target tissues. These proteins are critical for development, growth, regeneration, survival, and differentiation of neurons. C. A non-parametric test of the null hypothesis that two populations are the same against an alternative hypothesis D. A substance detectable in the blood that can be used to assess levels of inflammation in the body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Blood Inflammatory Marker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C143955 1_1_ggmnf397,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Splayed superior cerebellar peduncle'?","A. Atrophy of the superior cerebellar peduncle. B. An anomaly of the superior cerebellar peduncle. C. Abnormal splayed configuration (spreading out) of the superior cerebellar peduncle. D. Increased length of the superior cerebellar peduncle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Splayed superior cerebellar peduncle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030285 1_1_js8zdqy3,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender-related musical'?","A. Musicals pertaining especially to transgender persons and/or culture. B. The transmission of information about sexual status, from the initial general determination, to signals specific to the germ-line. C. Plays pertaining especially to transgender persons and/or culture. D. Theatre pertaining especially to transgender persons and/or culture.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender-related musical,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004355 1_1_48epqnsr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory toxicant'?","A. A substance that has a disposition to cause harm to an organism that is in contact with it. B. A toxicant that has an effect on the respiratory system. C. A toxicant that has impairs the developmental process of an organism. D. A toxicant that has an effect on the reproductive systsem.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,respiratory toxicant,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000822 1_1_doissq3v,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Design or Procedure'?","A. This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object. In general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. In other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object. An instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Instances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form, or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity. Instances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others. This is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): E29 Design or Procedure. Designs or procedures can be seen as one of the following: 1. A schema for the activities it describes 2. A schema of the products that result from their application 3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines Because designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality. These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the concept “document” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E29 Design or Procedure,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E29_Design_or_Procedure 1_1_lq8dvlia,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial cost of a product or service'?","A. The extent and rate at which a substance is absorbed in order to have a physiological affect on the whole body. B. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. C. A data item that is about the amount of money that has to be paid to purchase a product or service D. A data item which indicates the absolute reduction number of cigarettes smoked over a period of time.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,financial cost of a product or service,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000750 1_1_eodqpx6w,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Translucency method'?","A. Open foil, visually assess sweet potato surface the surface and evaluate the fibrous appearance B. Open foil, visually assess sweet potato surface the surface and evaluate the translucency C. Place sample between incisors and bite into it to assess the ease with which it breaks into distinct pieces or deforms D. Take a small piece of sample, chew slowly and take a whiff to score the intensity of sweet taste",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Translucency method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0012006 1_1_qm3npeb2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Peg pigmentation - Method'?","A. Flower standard petal color assessment. B. Stem pigmentation assessment. C. Peg pigmentation assessment. D. Cultivar group assessment.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Peg pigmentation - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000100 1_1_sxq8f9kf,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Condition'?","A. Complex Gateway B. Condition, which is used in the definition of attributes for Start Event and Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. Data Objects are considered Artifacts because they do not have any direct effect on the Sequence Flow or Message Flow of the Process, but they do provide information about what activities require to be performed and/or what they produce. D. Signal, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",B,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Condition,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#condition 1_1_hlo78a4f,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'human age in years'?","A. A data item that is about human age and is expressed in years rounded down. B. A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes. C. A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. D. The extent and rate at which a substance is absorbed in order to have a physiological affect on the whole body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,human age in years,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001370 1_1_jho5m04v,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'compassion'?","A. A positive emotion that is associated with a motivation and an idea to do or create something. B. An emotion evoked for a person who is in distress. The conditions for compassion involve perceiving the other as in need, and valuing the other's welfare. Associated with altruistic motivation. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion which is sought out and is associated with happiness and satisfaction. D. An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,compassion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000052 1_1_cthsal8m,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'natural sciences manager'?","A. Provide prenatal care and childbirth assistance. B. Design, measure, fit, and adapt orthopedic braces, appliances or prostheses, such as limbs or facial parts for patients with disabling conditions. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields. D. Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,natural sciences manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11912100 1_1_7ckpa7db,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure that lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is an anatomical structure which consists of juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular mesangial cells and the macula densa. The juxtaglomerular apparatus lies adjacent to the glomerulus and regulates kidney function by maintaining the blood flow to the kidney and the filtration rate. D. A structure created during embryogenesis when the lateral mesoderm splits into two layers - the outer (or somatic) layer becomes applied to the inner surface of the ectoderm, and with it forms the somatopleure.[WP].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,metanephric juxtaglomerular apparatus development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072206 1_1_vza50lc1,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plane of oral orifice'?","A. Plane of oral orifice intersecting stomion line. B. Anatomical plane which bisects an anatomical structure or anatomical space across two or more anatomical landmarks. Examples: occipital plane, Frankfurt plane, transpyloric plane. C. Anchored anatonical plane which bounds oral stoma. D. Layer of plasma membrane, each instance of which is located within some synapse.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Plane of oral orifice,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma286191 1_1_8oneo70d,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'addiction'?","A. An addiction that is to a substance containing cocaine. B. Addiction to use of a nicotine-containing product. C. A mental disposition towards repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm. D. A mental disposition to experience pleasure associated with cigarette smoking.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,addiction,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000349 1_1_gdo353op,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethyl (11Z)-icosenoate'?","A. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. B. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. C. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol. D. A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (11Z)-icosenoic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ethyl (11Z)-icosenoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84862 1_1_00ih6r1a,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'credible interval'?","A. A data item which is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty about a measurement. B. A person who does not own a residential facility and does not have an agreement with a residential facility owner that would enable them to live in a residential facility. C. A quantitative confidence value that is used in Bayesian analysis to describe the range in which a posterior probability estimate is likely to reside. D. A quantitative confidence value that refers to an interval give values within which there is a high probability (95 percent by convention) that the true population value can be found. The calculation of a confidence interval considers the standard deviation of the data and the number of observations. Thus, a confidence interval narrows as the number of observations increases, or its variance (dispersion) decreases.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,credible interval,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBCS_0000071 1_1_n0u6mddo,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to wounding'?","A. The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. B. A behavioral response resulting from wounding. C. An emotional behavioural process is the behaviour of the organism in response to the appraisal, which includes the characteristic facial expressions for particular emotion types. D. A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to wounding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002210 1_1_t2toed1b,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'cirque'?","A. An amphitheatre-like valley head, formed at the head of a valley glacier by erosion. B. A long winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions. C. A land surface characterised by very irregular surfaces of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed as ice-rich permafrost thaws. D. A thin, almost knife-like, ridge of rock which is typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,cirque,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/Cirque 1_1_lqpvz6xn,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumonia due to other aerobic gram-negative bacteria'?","A. lung inflammation caused by bacterial infection, in which air sacs fill with pus B. pneumonia caused by bacteria C. inflammation of the lung that is caused by bacterial infections D. an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,pneumonia due to other aerobic gram-negative bacteria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000176 1_1_mvah18h0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'orally administered'?","A. A role preformed by an individual who participates in administering a substance orally. B. a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider C. a role borne by a molecular entity and is realized in a process of absorption by an organism alters, or effects (or is assumed to effect) a function(s) which inhere in an organism D. A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,orally administered,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000760 1_1_sw3t9kel,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf guard cell'?","A. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet. B. A relatively unspecialized ground tissue cell with a nucleate protoplast. C. A guard cell that is part of a phyllome stomatal complex. D. A phyllome guard cell that is part of a leaf stomatal complex.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf guard cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025237 1_1_tfohe0xy,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'feminist philosophy'?","A. An approach to philosophy from a feminist perspective and also the employment of philosophical methods to feminist topics and questions. Feminist philosophy involves both reinterpreting philosophical texts and methods in order to supplement the feminist movement and attempts to criticise or re-evaluate the ideas of traditional philosophy from within a feminist framework. B. Any of various philosophies which examine the goals, forms, methods, and meaning of education. The term is used to describe both fundamental philosophical analysis of these themes and the description or analysis of particular pedagogical approaches. Considerations of how the profession relates to broader philosophical or sociocultural contexts may be included. C. The study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. D. The study of topics such as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of laws by authority: what they are, if they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect, what form it should take, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown, if ever.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,feminist philosophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004391 1_1_4jli36cf,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity'?","A. Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis. B. The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. C. The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell. D. Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045199 1_1_tftwql59,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate'?","A. A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group. B. A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by 4-chlorobenzyl and formyl groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is an anti-cancer agent that is active against lung cancer cells with K-Ras mutations. C. An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products. D. A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both linoleoyl.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_76072 1_1_8nmgwhvy,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2-oxobutyrate biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,2-oxobutyrate biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046360 1_1_tri9q512,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3alpha,7beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate'?","A. A cholanic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3alpha,7beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of cholic acid. C. A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A cholanic acid anion, that is the conjugate base of 1beta-hydroxydeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"3alpha,7beta-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_137886 1_1_5fbqc97k,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'sedimentary'?","A. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. When wind or water deposit fine grained material on the surface, it creates sheets. Over thousands of years, the composition can change subtly or distinctly and the result is differing compositions of layered deposits. As the overlying layers compact the soil underneath the soil is converted to rock by the process of lithification. [Wikipedia] B. Molasse refers to the sandstones, shales and conglomerates formed as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains deposited in a foreland basin, especially on top of flysch, for example that left from the rising Alps, or erosion in the Himalaya. These deposits are typically the non-marine alluvial and fluvial sediments of lowlands, as compared to deep-water flysch sediments. Sedimentation stops once the orogeny stops, or once the mountains have eroded flat. [Wikipedia] C. The Wilson cycle (a plate tectonics based rock cycle) was developed by J. Tuzo Wilson during the 1960s and 1970s. [Wikipedia] D. One of 3 processes in the Rock Cycle. Igneous refers to the process whereby hot material from the mantle is squeezed upward toward the earth's surface. If it has not reached the surface then the material is described as an intrusive structure and the rocks it creates are called Intrusive Rock. If it extrudes from the surface the material is described as a volcano and the rock it creates is known as Extrusive Rock. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,sedimentary,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeol/Sedimentary 1_1_v18zrytn,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ocean floor'?","A. A marine bed which is covered by animals which have benthic habitats, including attached, clinging, sessile, infaunal, burrowing, laying, interstitial, and slow-moving animals, but not animals that have created substrate. B. A marine bed which lies below an ocean. C. A marine bed which lies below a sea. D. A submerged bed which underlies a marine water body.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ocean floor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000426 1_1_mhdi03bd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cognitive process'?","A. a gene that encodes for a RNA B. A set of mental processes that controls and manages the cognitive functions. C. A mental process is a bodily process that is of a type such that it can of itself be conscious. Examples include thinking, feeling pain, remembering and emotion as occurrent experiences. D. A mental process that creates, modifies or has as participant some cognitive representation.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cognitive process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000008 1_1_4t94i95a,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + O2 = (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-(15S)-15-hydroperoxyicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoate. B. Catalysis of the reaction: chloride + O2 = chlorite. C. Catalysis of the reaction: homogentisate + O2 = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: trans-caffeate + O2 = 3-(2-carboxyethenyl)-cis,cis-muconate + 2 H+.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047762 1_1_nq2xo9f7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'X-linked deafness 6'?","A. An X-linked nonsyndromic deafness characterized by severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with cochlear malformation in males and mild to moderate hearing loss in females with later onset that has_material_basis_in mutation in the COL4A6 gene on chromosome Xq22.3. B. A nonsyndromic deafness characterized by an X-linked inheritance mode. C. An X-linked nonsyndromic deafness characterized by congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss in males and mild to moderate high-frequency hearing loss in heterozygous females that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PRPS1 gene on chromosome Xq22.3. D. An X-linked nonsyndromic deafness characterized by congenital, bilateral, profound and sensorineural hearing loss in males and bilateral, mild to moderate high frequency sensorineural hearing impairment with later onset in heterozygous females that has_material_basis_in mutation in a region on chromosome Xp21.2.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,X-linked deafness 6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111740 1_1_fvqotn66,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ruuid'?","A. Functions for analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data at SIRS-Lab GmbH B. Add an extra graphical display at the bottom of a heat map, indicating for each column a) whether it has one of several binary properties or not, and b) the value of a quantitative variable. A cutting threshold for the sample dendrogram can also be specified, and the resulting clustering of the columns is indicated by coloring both the dendrogram and the extra variable display. C. Rank Product method for identifying differentially expressed genes with application in meta-analysis D. A package to provide UUID values in R",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Ruuid,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000370 1_1_fvg0akiv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'compound organ'?","A. An airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. B. An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. C. Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. D. Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,compound organ,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 1_1_jz0n1ya5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cell migration in hindbrain'?","A. The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body. B. The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. C. The movement of an epithelial cell with respect to other epithelial cells that contributes to the shaping of the Malpighian tubule. D. The orderly movement of a cell that will reside in the hindbrain.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cell migration in hindbrain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0021535 1_1_nybwuuom,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Water use efficiency'?","A. Ratio of shoot biomass produced per unit of water lost from the field through both transpiration and evaporation B. Ratio of carbon isotope in tissue relative to the air C. Chlorophyll content in the leaf D. Shoot potassium content from plants/subset of plants.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Water use efficiency,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000095 1_1_r1x687q7,"In the ontology of Comic Book, which of the following definitions best describes 'Character'?","A. A comic character. B. A building in a comic universe. C. A person, organization, or intelligence in a comic universe. D. A group of comic characters.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/comic_book_ontology,Character,http://comicmeta.org/cbo/Character 1_1_pur7gbf2,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'irritation'?","A. A positive emotion characterized by assured reliance regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process involves an appraisal that the entity is reliable, safe, good and/or honest. B. An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency. C. A positive emotion is an emotion that has a positive valence. D. An unpleasant emotion closely related to anger but lower in intensity and without the moral dimension of blame and seriousness that is implicated in anger. [Source: OCEAS]",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,irritation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000011 1_1_gpobuuv5,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: NAD+ + succinate = fumarate + H+ + NADH. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein + NADP+ = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + NADPH + H+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: propanoyl-CoA + NAD+ = acryloyl-CoA + H+ + NADH. D. Catalysis of the reaction: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD+ = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ + NADH.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADH) activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043958 1_1_s9bgxl00,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ergosine'?","A. An ergot alkaloid isolated from the fungus Epichloe typhina. B. alpha-Ergocryptine in which the isobutyl (2-methylpropyl) substituent is replaced by sec-butyl (1-methylpropyl). It is a natural ergot alkaloid. Note that ergocryptine discussed in the literature prior to 1967, when beta-ergocryptine was separated from alpha-ergocryptine, is now referred to as alpha-ergocryptine. C. Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. D. An organic tricyclic compound that is 1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[cd]indole which is substituted at position 4 by a methylamino group and at position 5 by a 3-hydroxy-2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl group (the 4R,5R,E diastereoisomer). It is a precursor of the tetracyclic ergolines agroclavine, elymoclavine and lysergic acid amide.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ergosine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4823 1_1_49fmdq6l,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as not predictable'?","A. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was not easy to predict. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how predictable an event was. D. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was easy to predict.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as not predictable,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000067 1_1_jonpzxqi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant epidermis'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the region of the endosperm closest to the micropyle of the seed. B. A portion of plant tissue composed of plant epidermal cells that develops from the protoderm and covers the surface of a plant structure . C. That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner integument. D. A portion of plant tissue that is the outer layer or layers of a sporangium early in sporangium development .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005679 1_1_6f0f3zvj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pattern discovery algorithm'?","A. Pattern discovery algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a pattern discovery task and as a result produces a set of patterns. B. Clustering algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a clustering task and as a result produces a clustering. C. single generalization algorithms are data mining algorithms that given a dataset on input produce a generalization at the output. D. Predictive modeling algorithm is a data mining algorithm that solves a predictive modeling task and as a result produces a predictive model.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pattern discovery algorithm,http://www.ontodm.com/OntoDM-core/OntoDM_000192 1_1_evdrkixk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation'?","A. Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process in which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle hypertrophy.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010616 1_1_4o1834vr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary posterior lateral line primordium'?","A. A migrating group of cells originating from the posterior lateral line placode. The primordium deposits seven to nine neuromasts and interneuromasts between them during its posterior migration to the tail. Gompel et al, 2001. B. Non-innervated projection of the cuticle around an actin-rich cellular process of an underlying epidermal cell. C. Second lateral line primordium. These primordia moves at 0.2 somites/hour and deposite neromasts that are polarized in a dorso-ventral direction. D. Primordium that forms the first neuromasts of the posterior lateral line. This primordium travels at 1.5-1.7 somites/hour and deposits neuromast that are polarized along the antero-posterior axis.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,secondary posterior lateral line primordium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2005116 1_1_n5sy1ynl,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Occipito-cervical foramen'?","A. Anatomical cluster which consists a segment of the upper respiratory tract. B. Anatomical conduit between two adjacent vertebrae. C. Anatomical cluster which connects two or more compartments or two or more organ parts. D. Anatomical conduit between occipital bone and first cervical vertebra.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Occipito-cervical foramen,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma306233 1_1_tciwr6z3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'combined or isolated pituitary growth hormone deficiency 7'?","A. A combined pituitary hormone deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous mutation in the POU1F1 gene on chromosome 3p11. B. A combined pituitary hormone deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the LHX3 gene on chromosome 9q34. C. A combined pituitary hormone deficiency that has_material_basis_in compound heterozygous mutation in the RNPC3 gene on chromosome 1p21. D. A combined pituitary hormone deficiency that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the LHX4 gene on chromosome 1q25.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,combined or isolated pituitary growth hormone deficiency 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0061016 1_1_uskuhfi6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cook, institution or cafeteria'?","A. Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area. B. Prepare and cook large quantities of food for institutions, such as schools, hospitals, or cafeterias. C. Maintain order among students on a school bus. Duties include helping students safely board and exit and communicating behavioral problems. May perform pretrip and posttrip inspections and prepare for and assist in emergency evacuations. D. Mix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides through sprays, dusts, vapors, soil incorporation, or chemical application on trees, shrubs, lawns, or crops. Usually requires specific training and state or federal certification.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"cook, institution or cafeteria",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_35201200 1_1_6itlddbr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly'?","A. Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. B. The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium that contributes to cilium assembly. C. The tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomerulus, and interact with superficial cortical nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron; peritubular capillaries are situated around the tubule and are at low pressure. D. The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium, mediated by motor proteins.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,intraciliary transport involved in cilium assembly,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035735 1_1_ujp3e9sw,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Computed Tomography'?","A. Any method that uses a visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. B. A method of examining structures within the body by scanning them with X rays and using a computer to construct a series of cross-sectional scans along a single axis. C. A radiographic procedure using the emission of x-rays to form an image of the structure penetrated by the radiation. D. Imaging that uses radiofrequency waves and a strong magnetic field rather than x-rays to provide detailed pictures of internal organs and tissues. The technique is valuable for the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions, including cancer, heart and vascular disease, stroke, and joint and musculoskeletal disorders.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Computed Tomography,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17204 1_1_1jwpv6fg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'broad bean (dried)'?","A. A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Vicia. B. A product of the dry seeds of Cajanus cajan. C. A whole dried bean is a bean resulting from natural or mechanical air drying applied to a bean or bean pod. D. A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,broad bean (dried),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001198 1_1_7x31ma9c,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'esophageal cancer'?","A. A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the esophagus. B. A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the hepatobiliary system. C. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. D. A gastrointestinal system cancer that is located_in the proximal esophagus and the distal stomach.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,esophageal cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5041 1_1_1m1em8ar,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'pollen sperm cell'?","A. A plant sperm cell which develops from a spermatogenous cell and is located in an antheridium . B. A plant sperm cell that is part of the pollen . C. A gamete produced by an antheridium or a microgametophyte . D. A procambial cell that is part of a leaf procambium .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,pollen sperm cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025121 1_1_4zf5xgks,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'BO.04 flag leaf sheath opening stage'?","A. The flag leaf sheath is just visibly swollen. B. The first awns are visible and the flag leaf sheath has opened. C. The flag leaf sheath starts opening. D. An inflorescence detectable phase characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the inflorescence as it grows up the leaf sheath.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,BO.04 flag leaf sheath opening stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007028 1_1_iy8bfhrz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'business intelligence analyst'?","A. Enforce or ensure compliance with laws and regulations governing financial and securities institutions and financial and real estate transactions. May examine, verify, or authenticate records. B. Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material. C. Produce financial and market intelligence by querying data repositories and generating periodic reports. Devise methods for identifying data patterns and trends in available information sources. D. Apply geospatial technologies, including geographic information systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS), to agricultural production or management activities, such as pest scouting, site-specific pesticide application, yield mapping, or variable-rate irrigation. May use computers to develop or analyze maps or remote sensing images to compare physical topography with data on soils, fertilizer, pests, or weather.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,business intelligence analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15205101 1_1_6i0qkg5m,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Grain number per spike'?","A. The vigour of the plant. B. The number of non-bearing (infertile) tillers per area. C. The weight of thousand grains. D. The number of grains per spike.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Grain number per spike,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000027 1_1_eo4s86sf,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Atrial branch of circumflex coronary artery'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of skull representing the widest transverse dimension of upper face. B. The right cerebral hemisphere is one of two bilateral, largely symmetrical organ subdivisions within the telencephalon which contain the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter. C. Renal segment supplied by the inferior segmental branch of left renal artery. D. Branch of circumflex coronary artery which runs parallel to the upper part of the atrioventricular sulcus and around the obtuse margin of the heart to supply the posterior wall of left atrium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Atrial branch of circumflex coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma3918 1_1_20ai9u4k,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'melatonin receptor activity'?","A. Combining with melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, to initiate a change in cell activity. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine substance that stimulates the aggregation of melanosomes in melanophores, thus lightening the skin. B. A G protein-coupled receptor activity occurring in the postsynaptic membrane that is part of a GPCR signaling pathway that positively regulates ion channel activity in the postsynaptic membrane. C. Combining with a peptide and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. D. Combining with ADP and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,melatonin receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008502 1_1_gt50njqm,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitral valve prolapse'?","A. A viral infectious disease that results in increased proliferation of affected CD4 lymphocytes, has_material_basis_in Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, which is transmitted_by sexual contact, transmitted_by contaminated needles used by intravenous-drug users, and transmitted_by breast feeding. The person infected with HTLV-1 eventually develop an often rapidly fatal leukemia, while others will develop a debilitative myelopathy, uveitis, infectious dermatitis, or another inflammatory disorder. B. A mitral valve disease that is characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart. C. A frontonasal dysplasia that is characterized by hypertelorism, wide nasal bridge, broad columella, widened philtrum, widely separated narrow nares, poor development of nasal tip, midline notch of the upper alveolus, columella base swellings and a low hairline, and has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the aristaless-like homeobox-3 gene (ALX3) on chromosome 1p13. D. A mitral valve disease where one or both of the cusps of the mitral valve bulge or collapse backward in the left atrium during systole.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mitral valve prolapse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_988 1_1_ggzj7zzx,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'speech-language pathologist'?","A. Teach courses in social work. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. B. Assess and treat persons with speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. May select alternative communication systems and teach their use. May perform research related to speech and language problems. C. Apply theories and principles of neuropsychology to evaluate and diagnose disorders of higher cerebral functioning, often in research and medical settings. Study the human brain and the effect of physiological states on human cognition and behavior. May formulate and administer programs of treatment. D. Administer collections, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items, or scientific specimens of museums or other institutions. May conduct instructional, research, or public service activities of institution.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,speech-language pathologist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29112700 1_1_zgzqneg1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete software publisher organization'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete software publisher organization,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000397 1_1_10o0xtgl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-SA 3.0'?","A. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible. B. CC BY-ND 4.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. This license is generally used for documentation. C. CC BY 2.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. D. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY-NC-SA 3.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000087 1_1_h38gc70d,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'perforated corneal ulcer'?","A. A corneal ulcer that is characterized by ulceration of the cornea secondary to fungal infection and is caused by minor trauma and subsequent infection by mycotic organisms, such as candida, aspergillus, fusarium, and rhizopus. B. A corneal ulcer that is characterized by infiltrate formation in the marginal zone that is parallel but separated from the limbus. C. A corneal ulcer that is characterized by a ring of infiltration and/or ulceration that forms on the cornea. D. A corneal ulcer that has progressed and thinned the cornea such that the cornea ruptures, leaving a small hole that may drain or appear to contain pigment.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,perforated corneal ulcer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10445 1_1_q5ujvanl,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexahydrophthalic anhydride allergic asthma'?","A. An allergic asthma that is characterized by acute asthma attacks immediately following a thunderstorm resulting from inhalation of high concentrations of aeroallergens, most commonly grass pollen. B. An extrinsic asthma that is characterized by symptoms that are triggered by an allergic reaction caused by inhaled allergens such as dust mite allergen, pet dander, pollen and mold. The disease has_symptom coughing, has_symptom wheezing, has_symptom shortness of breath or has_symptom rapid breathing, and has_symptom chest tightness. C. An allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger isocyanates. D. An allergic asthma that has_allergic_trigger hexahydrophthalic anhydride.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hexahydrophthalic anhydride allergic asthma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0040051 1_1_2943m43s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'choroid plexus corpora arenacea'?","A. A calcified structure of brain that is part of a choroid plexus. B. One of the three major regions of the conjunctiva. C. The transverse muscle of auricle is placed on the cranial surface of the pinna. It consists of scattered fibers, partly tendinous and partly muscular, extending from the eminentia conchae to the prominence corresponding with the scapha. D. A calcified structure of brain that is part of a pineal body.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,choroid plexus corpora arenacea,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0017633 1_1_ide8e34g,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'volcanic cone'?","A. A type of volcanic cone formed by the interaction of basaltic magma and water. Smaller and steeper than a tuff ring. B. Volcanic rock is an igneous rock produced by extrusion from a volcano. It has various subtypes based on chemical composition and whether the extrusion was violent (pyroclastic) or slow (laval). [Wikipedia] C. A mound of loose material that was ejected ballistically. D. A group of fine-grained, generally porphyritic, extrusive igneous rocks having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals as the main components, and possibly a small amount of sodic plagioclase.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,volcanic cone,http://sweetontology.net/matrRockIgneous/VolcanicCone 1_1_kn6r6zqa,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'left fallopian tube'?","A. Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton[ZFA,modified]. B. Initial section of the oviduct through which the ova pass from the ovary to the uterus. C. A fallopian tube that is part of a right side of organism [Automatically generated definition]. D. A fallopian tube that is part of a left side of organism [Automatically generated definition].",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,left fallopian tube,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001303 1_1_6klkchs2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'insulation worker, mechanical'?","A. Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays. B. Collect and dump refuse or recyclable materials from containers into truck. May drive truck. C. Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain temperature. D. Operate one or more of a variety of office machines, such as photocopying, photographic, and duplicating machines, or other office machines.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"insulation worker, mechanical",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47213200 1_1_ucwt6wwd,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Low alkaline phosphatase of renal origin'?","A. An abnormally increased level of kidney isoforms of alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme in the blood. B. The presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria may be gross hematuria (visible to the naked eye) or microscopic hematuria (detected by dipstick or microscopic examination of the urine). C. Abnormal function of the renal tubule. The basic functional unit of the kidney, the nephron, consists of a renal corpuscle attached to a renal tubule, with roughly 0.8 to 1.5 nephrons per adult kidney. The functions of the renal tubule include reabsorption of water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids and secretion of substances such as uric acid. D. An abnormally reduced level of kidney isoforms of alkaline phosphatase in the blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Low alkaline phosphatase of renal origin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010685 1_1_8el4a1z0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'quality of a substance'?","A. A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. B. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. C. A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. D. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,quality of a substance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002198 1_1_mefxyta4,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'gain event'?","A. GameEvent describes an event that takes place in a game without straight player interaction. GameEvents are often very specific for each game. Examples of GameEvent could be an enemy dying, connecting to a multiplayer server, loading a new level or playing an animation. B. Achievement is a reward gained in a game due to some event accomplished in the game. Achievements are commonly used in game industry to reward players for having accomplished tasks in the game. This ontology defines various subclasses of Achievement, which are all based on the classification presented by Markus Montola et al. [Markus Montola, Timo Nummenmaa, Andrés Lucero, Marion Boberg, and Hannu Korhonen, 2009, “Applying game achievement systems to enhance user experience in a photo sharing service”, In Proceedings of the 13th International MindTrek Conference: Everyday Life in the Ubiquitous Era (MindTrek '09)] http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1621859 C. LoseEvent describes an event that is related to character/player losing something in a game. This is a subclass of GameEvent as gaining something is related to a specific game. For example, a player can lose a character due to trade with another player. Another example would be a character losing item due to consuming it. D. GainEvent describes an event that is related to character/player gaining something in a game. This is a subclass of GameEvent as gaining something is related to a specific game. For example, a player can gain a new character, achievement or item.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,gain event,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#GainEvent 1_1_3k567gbn,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Transaction'?","A. Data Based Exclusive Gateway B. As the name implies, the End Event indicates where a process will end. C. Supporting Element is one of two main elements that are of type BPMN Element (see Figure B.1). The other is Graphical Element. There are 16 types, and a few subtypes, of Support Element. These are: These are: Assignments (see Section B.11.3 on page 269), Categories (see Section B.11.4 on page 269), Entities (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Event Details (see Section B.11.7 on page 270), Expressions (see Section B.11.8 on page 273), Gates (see Section B.11.9 on page 274), Inputs (see Section B.11.10 on page 274), Messages (see Section B.11.11 on page 275), Outputs (see Section B.11.13 on page 275), Participants (see Section B.11.14 on page 276), Processes (see Section B.3 on page 242), Properties (see Section B.11.15 on page 276), Roles (see Section B.11.16 on page 276), Conditions (see Section B.11.5 on page 269), Transactions (see Section B.11.19 on page 277), and Web Services (see Section B.11.20 on page 277). D. Transaction, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Sub-Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Transaction,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#transaction 1_1_mbukf6kp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'mainstream smoke'?","A. Smoke that is produced through the burning of a combustible tobacco-containing product and released into the environment. B. A bodily disposition that is the pressure of circulating blood. C. An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced by a person from the lighting of a combustible tobacco product, it is inhaled by the person and exhaled into the environment. D. An environmental tobacco smoke that is produced upon the lighting of a combustible tobacco-containing product and is released into the environment.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,mainstream smoke,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000253 1_1_aen2r0lt,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'future glans penis'?","A. A future glans that is part of a male genital tubercle. B. A future glans that is part of a female genital tubercle. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a club cell. A club cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles. D. The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell of the salivary gland to attain its fully functional state.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,future glans penis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013239 1_1_afwcvz9b,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Canopy normalized water index 2'?","A. It is the rate of dry matter production per unit area. B. Normalized water index 2 is used track changes in rwc, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, and foliage minus air temperature differences when plant water stress is well developed (rwc<0.85). C. The grain dry mass (grain yield) production per Nitrogen available to a plant. D. Difference between ambient temperature and canopy temperature.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Canopy normalized water index 2,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000199 1_1_iov1vhw8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Eicosanoid'?","A. A class of fatty acids derived from the oxidation of one of three 20-carbon fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), or dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). Eicosanoids act locally as autocrine or paracrine hormones to modulate a wide variety of biological processes. B. Any lipid formally derived from isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene), the skeleton of which can generally be discerned in repeated occurrence in the molecule. The skeleton of isoprenoids may differ from strict additivity of isoprene units by loss or shift of a fragment, commonly a methyl group. The class includes both hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives. C. 'Lipids' is a loosely defined term for substances of biological origin that are soluble in nonpolar solvents. They consist of saponifiable lipids, such as glycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids, as well as nonsaponifiable lipids, principally steroids. D. A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of acetoacetic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Eicosanoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C463 1_1_4jyn26ah,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end'?","A. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end. B. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location at a microtubule plus-end. C. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a cytoplasmic microtubule. D. A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an astral microtubule.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,protein localization to cytoplasmic microtubule plus-end,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904518 1_1_6wdf7iva,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'buoyancy'?","A. That property of an object that enables it to float on the surface of a liquid, or ascend through and remain freely suspended in a compressible fluid such as the atmosphere. B. Phenomena by which traces gases or particles are transferred from atmosphere to a surface. C. In general, mass motions within a fluid resulting in transport and mixing of the properties of that fluid. Convection, along with conduction and radiation, is a principal means of energy transfer. D. The process of transport solely by the mass motion (velocity field); also, the rate of change of the value of the advected property at a given point.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,buoyancy,http://sweetontology.net/phenFluidTransport/Buoyancy 1_1_tvni1n90,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont protein'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid. B. OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a filtration diaphragm, a specialized cell-cell junction found between the cells of the excretory system, which provides a barrier for filtration of blood or hemolymph. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of inorganic anion transmembrane transport.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete catabolism by host of symbiont protein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052362 1_1_jmnciv7o,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'region of organ component'?","A. Cardinal organ part, each instance of which is a fiat subdivision of some organ. B. A folded part or structure which is anatomical in nature (such as skin or muscle which is folded). C. An area of the wall of the vagina. D. Cardinal organ part. each instance of which is a fiat subdivision of some organ component.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,region of organ component,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86103 1_1_rd3tvcq9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left testicular vein'?","A. A vein that carries deoxygenated blood from a single male gonad. It is the male equivalent of the ovarian vein, and is the venous counterpart of the testicular artery. It is a paired vein, with one supplying each testis. B. A vein that drains the right pampiniform plexus and empties into the inferior vena cava. C. A vein that drains the left pampiniform plexus and empties into the left renal vein. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left testicular vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000443 1_1_5zfjlifq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'remnant arc'?","A. A fault along which strike-slip deformation is accompanied by a component of shortening transverse to the fault. B. A forearc is a depression in the sea floor located between a subduction zone and an associated volcanic arc. It is typically filled with sediments from the adjacent landmass and the island arc in addition to trapped oceanic crustal material. [Wikipedia] C. The remnant arc is what is left on the rear side of the speading zone as athe basin broadens. [Wikipedia] D. Back-arc basins (or retro-arc basins) are geologic features, submarine basins associated with island arcs and subduction zones. They are found at some convergent plate boundaries, presently concentrated in the Western Pacific ocean. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,remnant arc,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolOrogen/RemnantArc 1_1_i7dujdcb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seedling vigor - Estimation'?","A. Comparative visual observation of plant biomass (length, width, number of leaves) 15 days after sowing. B. Record date when 50% of plants in a plot reach the flowering stage. C. Visual observation of grain color. D. Visual observation of plants for presence of anthocyanin.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Seedling vigor - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000191 1_1_1vu1o9bn,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepal abaxial epidermis'?","A. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a sepal. B. A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a sepal . C. A portion of sepal epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a sepal . D. A portion of sepal epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a sepal .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepal abaxial epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006054 1_1_295b2lh6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'endothelial cell of Peyer's patch'?","A. A cell that lines the trabecular meshwork, which is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). This cell may play a role in regulating intraocular pressure. B. An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. C. An endothelial cell that is part of the small intestine Peyer's patch. D. An endothelial cell comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal. In mammals, endothelial cell has vimentin filaments and is derived from the mesoderm.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,endothelial cell of Peyer's patch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000411 1_1_wtetwwka,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'tritriacontane-16,18-dione'?","A. A phosphate monoester that is 1,3-dihydroxypentane-2,4-dione carrying a phospho at position 1. B. A beta-diketone that is tritriacontane with oxo groups at positions 16 and 18. C. A beta-diketone isolated from Ochrocarpos punctatus and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. D. A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 6 by (2-methoxyethoxy)methyl, (2-hydroxy-4-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-3-yl)carbonyl, and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is a broad-spectrum herbicide developed by Syngenta and used for the pre- and post-emergence control of weeds in corn.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"tritriacontane-16,18-dione",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9752 1_1_t7l2v01p,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lining cell'?","A. A flat, squamous-like epithelial cell of mesodermal origin. It forms the mesothelium, which lines the body's serous cavities including the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces. This cell plays a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting lubricants, such as glycosaminoglycans and surfactants, which minimize friction between adjacent tissues during movement. B. A cell within an epithelial cell sheet whose main function is to act as an internal or external covering for a tissue or an organism. C. A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments. D. A cell located in the synovial joint.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lining cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000213 1_1_bvdg441t,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem weevil resistance'?","A. Degree of resistance to Bruchids.Callosobruchus analis. Damage flowers, pods and seeds B. Degree of resistance to collar rot. Causative agent: Sclerotium rolfsii. C. Degree of resistance to Stemphylium blight disease. Causative agent: Stemphylium botryosum. Small, light-beige lesions apper in the upper canopy. Leaves, pedicels, flowers and branches become necrotic resulting in a characteristic blighted appearance of lentil plants. D. Degree of resistance to stem weevil.Sitona crinitus. Damage seedlings and root nodules",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem weevil resistance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_339:0000174 1_1_z0v8f56v,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panicle shape'?","A. Leaves of the stem are categorized into two groups: rhomboidal (1) and triangular (2) B. Scored from 1 = no leaves to 7 = many leaves C. Four categories of growth habit described in images on the scoring card. Here the focus lies on whether branching is present from the base of the plant and if a main inflorescence can be identified D. Classified into one of the three categories: glomerulate, intermediate, or amarantiform",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Panicle shape,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_367:0000060 1_1_b9riyvn2,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'uncharacterized protein, PROM1 translation product (chicken)'?","A. A fibroblast growth factor 8 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. B. A DNA nucleotidylexotransferase that is encoded in the genome of chicken. C. A prominin-1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken. D. A transferrin receptor protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of chicken.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,"uncharacterized protein, PROM1 translation product (chicken)",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_E1C9E2 1_1_x558ccje,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-L-lyxofuranose'?","A. The furanose form of L-lyxose. B. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->8)-Neu5Ac in which the configuration at the anomeric carbon atom of the residue at the reducing end is beta. C. An L-lyxofuranose that has alpha configuration at the anomeric position. D. An L-lyxofuranonse that has beta configuration at the carbon bearing the anomeric hydroxy group.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-L-lyxofuranose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_156663 1_1_p3vgxxto,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Tubularization of Bowman capsule'?","A. Structural anomaly located in Bowman's space, which represents the beginning of the urinary space and is contiguous with the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron. B. The presence of cuboidal to columnar epithelium (height greater than width) lining the Bowman capsule, in an absence of adjacent segmental sclerosis, crescents, or collapsing variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; scored as present or absent in at least one glomerulus. C. An insudative accumulation of amorphous, eosinophilic, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, silver-negative material protruding from Bowman's capsule into the urinary space. Although not always evident by light microscopy, this material is located between Bowman's capsule and the parietal epithelial cells, in some cases associated with newly formed matrix material. D. Any structural anomaly of the podocyte, which is a highly specialized cell of the Bowman capsule and which forms multiple interdigitating foot processes. Podocytes are interconnected by slit diaphragms and cover the exterior basement membrane surface of the glomerular capillary.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Tubularization of Bowman capsule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032648 1_1_lvxvwtqf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sewing table'?","A. A coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied B. A manufactured product which is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted and/or moved. C. A manufactured product consisting of a table or desk used for sewing. D. An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sewing table,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501260 1_1_2gvvb0x4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cannabis cart vaping device'?","A. A cannabis vaping device that is shaped like a pen and consists of a battery, a container for cannabis or a cannabis extract, an atomiser to create cannabis vapour, and a mouthpiece. B. A cannabis vaping device part that is formed of disposable non-refillable cartridge which is attached to a device for the purpose of consuming cannabis. C. A cannabis vaping device which is large, usually mains powered and intended for use in one location. D. A cannabis vaping device that is portable.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cannabis cart vaping device,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000300 1_1_levvahfq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'soluble NSF attachment protein activity'?","A. Binding to both N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and a cis-SNARE complex (i.e. a SNARE complex in which all proteins are associated with the same membrane) and increasing the ATPase activity of NSF, thereby allowing ATP hydrolysis by NSF to disassemble the cis-SNARE complex. B. The binding activity of a protein that brings the kinetochore and another molecule into contact, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. C. Acting as a marker to identify a membrane and interacting selectively with one or more SNAREs on another membrane to mediate membrane fusion. D. The binding activity of a protein that brings together a cytoskeletal protein (either a microtubule or actin filament, spindle pole body, or protein directly bound to them) and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,soluble NSF attachment protein activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005483 1_1_6gj0z58f,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 50-50 MANOVA'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 50-50 MANOVA,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000004 1_1_li854cld,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'unburnt-brick exterior wall'?","A. A burnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from burnt bricks. B. A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. C. A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. D. An unburnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from unburnt bricks.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,unburnt-brick exterior wall,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000504 1_1_pbobrbed,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H+ = catechol + CO2. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 4(or 2)-aminobenzoate = aniline + CO2. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate 6-phosphate + H+ = L-xylulose 5-phosphate + CO2. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-aspartate = L-alanine + CO2.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,aspartate 4-decarboxylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0047688 1_1_0yzor3vo,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'facilities manager'?","A. Assemble and operate equipment to record, synchronize, mix, edit, or reproduce sound, including music, voices, or sound effects, for theater, video, film, television, podcasts, sporting events, and other productions. B. Operate mechanical boom and cable or tower and cable equipment to lift and move materials, machines, or products in many directions. C. Supervise and coordinate activities of crew engaged in operating and maintaining engines, boilers, deck machinery, and electrical, sanitary, and refrigeration equipment aboard ship. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,facilities manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11301300 1_1_bxr88bdr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vagina leiomyoma'?","A. A vaginal benign neoplasm that is a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells. B. A vaginal benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in carcinomatous (epithelial tissue) and sarcomatous (connective tissue) components. C. A female reproductive organ benign neoplasm that is located_in the vagina. D. A vaginal benign neoplasm that has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue of glandular origin.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,vagina leiomyoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_125 1_1_gv284fhk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Overall fruit pendulance quality'?","A. The number of leaves on the plant that have 50 % or more of the leaf surface area as green, healthy, photosynthetic tissue. B. The overall estimation fruit pendulance on a bunch C. The number of hands in the bunch. D. The date and time of the end of data collection on a plant.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Overall fruit pendulance quality,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000389 1_1_qcp4v50m,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptidyl-amino acid modification'?","A. The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). B. The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. C. The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide. D. The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,peptidyl-amino acid modification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0018193 1_1_u358iq5f,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'BO.01 early boot stage'?","A. Booting has just begun. B. The flag leaf sheath has started to extend. C. The flag leaf sheath swollen. D. The first awns are visible and the flag leaf sheath has opened.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,BO.01 early boot stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007018 1_1_ol9kvbro,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'altitude'?","A. In aviation, a Flight Level (FL) is a standard nominal altitude of an aircraft, referenced to a world-wide fixed pressure datum of 1013.25 hPa or the equivalent setting, 29.921 inHg (the average sea-level pressure). It is not necessarily the same as the aircraft's true altitude above mean sea level. B. An organized lifting zone of cumulus and towering cumulus clouds, connected to and extending outward from the mature updraft tower of a supercell or strong multicell convective storm. C. In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. It is a measure of the independent stature of a summit. D. A measure (or condition) of height, especially of great height, as a mountain top or aircraft flight level.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,altitude,http://sweetontology.net/propSpaceHeight/Altitude 1_1_itbsnifp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'New: Acute cystitis'?","A. a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine B. a sudden inflammation of the urinary bladder C. Diseases that affect the male reproductive and genital organs D. An acute infection of the bladder",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,New: Acute cystitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000075 1_1_lj890brf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithelium of saccule'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a vestibular labyrinth. B. An epithelium that is part of a saccule of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]. C. An epithelium that is part of a utricle of membranous labyrinth [Automatically generated definition]. D. An epithelium that is part of a crista ampullaris.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,epithelium of saccule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003242 1_1_9wdfcpi3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pancreatic alpha-cell hyperplasia'?","A. Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans that affects only certain regions of the pancreas and not others. B. A diffuse and specific increase in the number of alpha-cells. C. Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans with a generalized distribution. D. Hyperplasia of the islets of Langerhans, i.e., of the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine cells.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pancreatic alpha-cell hyperplasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_4000061 1_1_x4fhzsa7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete PCpheno'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete PCpheno,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000316 1_1_jnc5qo6r,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'marketing manager'?","A. Plan and direct disaster response or crisis management activities, provide disaster preparedness training, and prepare emergency plans and procedures for natural (e.g., hurricanes, floods, earthquakes), wartime, or technological (e.g., nuclear power plant emergencies or hazardous materials spills) disasters or hostage situations. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services. C. Install, configure, and maintain an organization's local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), data communications network, operating systems, and physical and virtual servers. Perform system monitoring and verify the integrity and availability of hardware, network, and server resources and systems. Review system and application logs and verify completion of scheduled jobs, including system backups. Analyze network and server resource consumption and control user access. Install and upgrade software and maintain software licenses. May assist in network modeling, analysis, planning, and coordination between network and data communications hardware and software. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate clinical research projects. Direct the activities of workers engaged in clinical research projects to ensure compliance with protocols and overall clinical objectives. May evaluate and analyze clinical data.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,marketing manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11202100 1_1_ul6wnhxp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper glume of ear spikelet'?","A. A lower glume that is part of an ear spikelet. B. A glume that is part of an ear spikelet. C. An upper glume that is part of an ear spikelet. D. An upper glume that is part of a tassel spikelet.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,upper glume of ear spikelet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006371 1_1_1kkt4atp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete rama'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete rama,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000679 1_1_csnohe98,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Basal zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 4, 11 and 15 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery. B. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid inferolateral zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 10 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal inferior and inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle. D. Zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal inferior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 5 and 10 of circumflex branch of left coronary artery.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Basal zone of circumflex branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86837 1_1_05wg6hor,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'asexual event'?","A. Events specific to the lesbian community and lesbians. B. Any of various events celebrating lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) social and self-acceptance, achievements, legal rights and pride. C. Events specific to the asexual community and asexual people. D. Large public gatherings, marches, etc., organized for non-violent protest or affirmation in support of LGBTQ civil rights issues.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,asexual event,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000958 1_1_5r93o9ce,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal history of malignant neoplasm of digestive organs'?","A. history of cancerous tumors of the digestive organs B. Personal history of exposure to radiation C. history of cancerous tumors of the lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissues D. history of infectious or parasitic diseases",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,personal history of malignant neoplasm of digestive organs,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000542 1_1_7b69abs4,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'frowning'?","A. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are opened widely. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the person frowns. C. A facial expression behaviour in which the lips are tightly pressed together. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are closed.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,frowning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000130 1_1_p434t2oe,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Verwirrung'?","A. A negative emotion that is the appraisal of one's current surroundings and activities as not interesting or stimulating. B. An unpleasant emotion closely related to anger but lower in intensity and without the moral dimension of blame and seriousness that is implicated in anger. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion that is about a sense of uncertainty or bewilderment within oneself. D. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS]",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Verwirrung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000173 1_1_3dror4bb,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glomerular epithelium development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular epithelium is an epithelial tissue that covers the outer surfaces of the glomerulus. The glomerular epithelium consists of both parietal and visceral epithelium. Metanephric glomerular parietal epithelial cells are specialized epithelial cells that form tight junctions as a barrier to protein transport. A metanephric glomerular visceral epithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that contains 'feet' that interdigitate with the 'feet' of other glomerular epithelial cells in the metanephros. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephric nephron epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. The mesonephric nephron epithelium is a tissue that covers the surface of a nephron in the mesonephros. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the early distal convoluted tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The early distal convoluted tubule contains DCT cells and is vasopressin-insensitive. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the macula densa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The macula densa is an area of specialized cells in the distal tubule that makes contact with the vascular pole of the glomerulus.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,glomerular epithelium development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072010 1_1_1sf3o19w,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'ku'saat'?","A. A Zuni person who takes on social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture and, in modern times, would likely be assigned male at birth. B. A Pawnee person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Northern Paiute person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities. D. An Aleut person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,ku'saat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002082 1_1_5qegen48,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'retail salesperson'?","A. Assemble, fit, fasten, and install parts of airplanes, space vehicles, or missiles, such as tails, wings, fuselage, bulkheads, stabilizers, landing gear, rigging and control equipment, or heating and ventilating systems. B. Cover interior walls or ceilings of rooms with decorative wallpaper or fabric, or attach advertising posters on surfaces such as walls and billboards. May remove old materials or prepare surfaces to be papered. C. Mix or apply pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or insecticides through sprays, dusts, vapors, soil incorporation, or chemical application on trees, shrubs, lawns, or crops. Usually requires specific training and state or federal certification. D. Sell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles, appliances, or apparel to consumers.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,retail salesperson,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41203100 1_1_4f83kpol,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-acyl-2-palmitoylglycerolipid'?","A. A chlorophyll that is the ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of chlorophyllide a and the hydroxy group of geranylgeraniol. B. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of aculene D with the carboxylic acid group of L-proline. It is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus. C. Any glycerolipid in which the acyl group at position 2 of the glycerol moiety is specified as palmitoyl. D. A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of aculene C with the carboxylic acid group of L-proline. It is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the fungus Aspergillus aculeatus.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,1-acyl-2-palmitoylglycerolipid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86999 1_1_fasy4gr4,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ray flower shape'?","A. Ray flower shape B. Secondary achene length C. Determination of the leaf pubescence D. Leaf size",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ray flower shape,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000813 1_1_1icq4ahv,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'earth fluid'?","A. Unconsolidated earth material is an 'earth material' that is consituted by an aggregate of solid particles but is not consolidated into a 'rock' it self. B. Earth fluid is an 'earth material' that is fluild. C. An amount of rock is a solid consolidated 'earth material' that is 'constituted by' an aggregate of particles made of mineral matter or material of biological origin. D. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'.",B,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,earth fluid,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000009 1_1_p9mk32bk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lamina of spiral limbus'?","A. A flexible rod-shaped body found in embryos of all chordates. It is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm and defines the primitive axis of the embryo. In some chordates, it persists throughout life as the main axial support of the body, while in most vertebrates it becomes the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. The notochord is found ventral to the neural tube. B. The osseous spiral lamina consists of two plates of bone, and between these are the canals for the transmission of the filaments of the acoustic nerve. On the upper plate of that part of the lamina which is outside the vestibular membrane, the periosteum is thickened to form the limbus spiralis (or limbus laminæ spiralis), this ends externally in a concavity, the sulcus spiralis internus, which represents, on section, the form of the letter C. [WP,unvetted]. C. The ventral region of the optic cup that gives rise to the ventral part of the retina. D. Any of the three loop-shaped membranous inner tubular parts of the semicircular canals that are about one-fourth the diameter of the corresponding outer bony canals, that communicate at each end with the utricle, and that have near one end an expanded ampulla containing an area of sensory epithelium.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lamina of spiral limbus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002276 1_1_x5ju7s3v,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'determining gender'?","A. A judging process during which an opinion about the gender of a person is determined. B. The psychic energy that drives individuals toward sensual pleasures of all types, especially sexual ones. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx C. A judging that involves the determination of the orientation of some object. D. A mental process during which information is evaluated, the outcome of which is a belief or opinion.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,determining gender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000007 1_1_a0trja55,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 10'?","A. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by postlingual onset with flat or gently sloping hearing audioprofiles and has_material_basis_in mutation in the MYH14 gene on chromosome 19q13.33. B. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by postlingual onset in the third or forth decade of life with a flat or gently downsloping audioprofiles and has_material_basis_in mutation in the EYA4 gene on chromosome 6q23. C. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PDE1C gene on chromosome 7p14.3. D. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TRRAP gene on chromosome 7q22.1.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 10,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110542 1_1_c3lb8isp,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'mass-wasting-driven seismic vibration'?","A. A vibration process which occurs in the solid parts of an astronomical body as low-frequency acoustic waves pass through them. B. A seismic vibration process which is caused by mass wasting. C. A seismic vibration process which is caused by the impact of a solid object on the surface of an astronomical body. D. A seismic vibration process which is caused by an explosion.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,mass-wasting-driven seismic vibration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001765 1_1_sh44nfjv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid'?","A. Grain carbon isotope discrimination at maturity from drought trials provides genotypic effects most likely to be related to transpiration rate or an integrative measurement of stomatal conductance. B. Nitrogen utilization efficiency as the grain dry mass in relation to the total amount of Nitrogen in above-ground plant at harvest. C. Uptake of Nitrogen in the whole wheat grain samples. D. Rarsc is an estimation of carotenoid content.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Canopy ratio analysis of reflectance spectra carotenoid,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000203 1_1_8aopkh1x,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cell segment'?","A. Cardinal cell part which is demarcated from other cell parts by one or more anatomical planes. Examples: apical part of cell, cilium, head of spermatozoon. B. Cell segment which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. C. Cell segment which has as its direct parts segments of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane protruding from the cell body. Examples: cilium, microvillus, neurite. D. Cell region demarcated by one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: cell body of neuron, flagellum, nerve fiber.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cell segment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242660 1_1_ozf0db7h,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Textual_Modification'?","A. Removal of some part of text or the entire act from the legal system. B. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 C. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2 D. See ESTRELLA deliverable 3.2",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Textual_Modification,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/time-modification.owl#Textual_Modification 1_1_mrk5kaca,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'drizzle'?","A. In England, a heavy fall of rain, accompanied by a high wind. B. Rain with a rate of accumulation exceeding a specific value that is geographically dependent. C. The complete cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall sufficiently elongated that an orientation can be assigned. D. Very small, numerous, and uniformly distributed water drops that may appear to float while following air currents.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,drizzle,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/Drizzle 1_1_7czidgsu,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchus smooth muscle'?","A. Alveolar smooth muscle is a type of non-striated muscle, found within the walls of the alveolus. B. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. C. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a bronchiole [Automatically generated definition]. D. A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a trachea [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bronchus smooth muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004242 1_1_b3l0z7gt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cake food product'?","A. An animal structure that is assembled by a spider from silk, that serves as both habitation and a structure to trap prey. B. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being entwined and difficult to unravel. C. A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. D. Food material which is output of or is part of a home or commercial bakery process.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cake food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001278 1_1_qgi1brzf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'alopecia areata'?","A. An autoimmune disease resulting in the loss of hair on the scalp and elsewhere on the body initially causing bald spots. B. An immune system disease that is an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body resulting from an abnormal functioning of the immune system that results in the production of antibodies or T cell directed against the host tissues. C. An autoimmune disease characterized by neonatal onset of cutaneous symptoms, chronic meningitis, and joint manifestations with recurrent fever and inflammation that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the NLRP3 gene on chromosome 1q. D. An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the musculoskeletal system.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,alopecia areata,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_986 1_1_b9rmjw7s,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Internodal tract'?","A. Subdivision of conducting systemof heart which consists of the anterior, middle and posterior internodal tracts beneath the endocardium of interatrial septum and above the attachment of the septal leaflet of tricuspid valve. B. Internodal tract that is continuous with the atrioventricular node. C. Subdivision of conducting system of heart which enters the central fibrous body and is continuous with the ventricular part of atriovetnricular bundle. D. Internodal tract which consists of the atrial and atrial septal branches.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Internodal tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9479 1_1_8c31qpz8,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylserine metabolic process. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiolipin metabolic process. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of cardiolipin metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900209 1_1_u7ujpv5q,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'piperyline'?","A. A N-acylpyrrolidine that is pyrollidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum. B. A 7-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isoflavone having methoxy substituents at the 6- and 2'-positions and a methylenedioxy moiety at the 4'- and 5'-positions. C. A beta-D-glucoside that is egonol in which the hydroxy hydrogen has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. D. An N-acylpiperidine that is piperidin-4-amine substituted at position 1 by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,piperyline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9691 1_1_8outyt29,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'published score'?","A. A published score (subclass of MusicalManifestation) B. A specific release, with barcode, box, liner notes, cover art, and a number of records C. A track on a particular record D. This entity is related to the edition/production/publication of a musical expression (musical manifestation are closely related with the music industry (their terms, concepts, definitions, methods (production, publication, etc.), etc.) From the FRBR final report: The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials, including manuscripts, books, periodicals, maps, posters, sound recordings, films, video recordings, CD-ROMs, multimedia kits, etc. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form. Work #1 J. S. Bach's Six suites for unaccompanied cello * Expression #1 sound issued during the performance by Janos Starker recorded in 1963 and 1965 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1965 by Mercury o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1991 by Mercury * Expression #2 sound issued during the performances by Yo-Yo Ma recorded in 1983 o Manifestation #1 recordings released on 33 1/3 rpm sound discs in 1983 by CBS Records o Manifestation #2 recordings re-released on compact disc in 1992 by CBS Records Changes that occur deliberately or even inadvertently in the production process that affect the copies result, strictly speaking, in a new manifestation. A manifestation resulting from such a change may be identified as a particular ""state"" or ""issue"" of the publication. Changes that occur to an individual copy after the production process is complete (e.g., the loss of a page, rebinding, etc.) are not considered to result in a new manifestation. That copy is simply considered to be an exemplar (or item) of the manifestation that deviates from the copy as produced. With the entity defined as manifestation we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items and the characteristics associated with the production and distribution of that set of items that may be important factors in enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their physical needs and constraints, and to identify and acquire a copy of that manifestation. Defining manifestation as an entity also enables us to draw relationships between specific manifestations of a work. We can use the relationships between manifestations to identify, for example, the specific publication that was used to create a microreproduction.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,published score,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/PublishedScore 1_1_b27wooez,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'weekly cost of e-cigarette use'?","A. A data item that is about human age and is expressed in years rounded down. B. A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes. C. A data item which is about the amount of money spent per week on e-cigarettes. D. A data item that describes the percentage of study participants for whom a measurement is taken at a follow-up point.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,weekly cost of e-cigarette use,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000745 1_1_1kh66tca,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cavity of left ventricle'?","A. Midline anatomical point of face located at the maximum protrusion of nasal tip. B. Cavity of ventricle which is surrounded by the wall of right vetricle and is continuous with the lumen of the pulmonary trunk. C. Cavity of ventricle which is surrounded by the wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the lumen of the aorta. D. Fetal conduit, each instance of which is some common canal that connects some primordial atrium and ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cavity of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9466 1_1_fq431s55,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete diphtheritic myocarditis'?","A. An anterior segment dysgenesis that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PAX6 gene on chromosome 11p13. B. A viral infectious disease that is a hemorrhagic fever, has_material_basis_in Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae, which is transmitted_by Hyalomma ticks. The infection has_symptom headache, has_symptom high fever, has_symptom back pain, has_symptom joint pain, has_symptom stomach pain, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom red eyes, has_symptom flushed face, has_symptom red throat, has_symptom petechiae (red spots) on the palate, has_symptom jaundice, has_symptom nosebleeds, and has_symptom blood in the feces and urine. C. A sexual health disorder that involves a conflict between a person's actual physical gender and the gender that person identifies himself or herself as. D. A myocarditis characterized by dilated cardiomyopathy and a variety of types of dysrhythmia and conduction disturbances. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,obsolete diphtheritic myocarditis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_13308 1_1_im8wzk7d,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Italian'?","A. A Romance ethnic group native to the Italian peninsula and its neighbouring insular territories. Most Italians share a common culture, history, ancestry or language. B. A Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history and diverse culture. C. An ethnic group native to England who speak the English language. D. An East Slavic ethnic group and nation native to European Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe (some territories of the former Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire), the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The majority of ethnic Russians live in the Russian Federation, notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Italian,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001038 1_1_q67d5xzo,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'crotonaldehyde'?","A. An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position. B. A combustible tobacco-containing product that is manufactured as two or more cigarettes in a single container. C. A substance use behaviour pattern in which each episode is determined by factors operating at the time rather than according to a planned schedule. D. An alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde of general formula R(1)R(2)C=CR(3)-CH=O in which the aldehydic C=O function is conjugated to a C=C double bond at the alpha,beta position.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,crotonaldehyde,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41607 1_1_t23cx06f,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'digestive system'?","A. Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. B. Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. C. organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. D. Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,digestive system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001007 1_1_gzce2ruu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'troubleshooting'?","A. A skill realized in giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. B. A skill realized in analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. C. A skill realized in obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work. D. A skill realized in determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,troubleshooting,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000053 1_1_7urdb9jk,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in development. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in morphogenesis. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process involved in metanephros development.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of apoptotic process involved in metanephric collecting duct development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900214 1_1_pyaonzma,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'narbonnais'?","A. (Often contracted nor'wester.) A northwesterly wind (as Canterbury northwester). B. A strong wind and sandstorm or duststorm in northern and central Sudan, especially around Khartoum, where the average number is about 24 a year. The name comes from the Arabic word habb, meaning ?wind.? Haboobs are most frequent from May through September, especially in June, but they have occurred in every month except November. Their average duration is three hours; they are most severe in April and May when the soil is driest. They may approach from any direction, but most commonly from the north in winter and from the south, southeast, or east in summer. The average maximum wind velocity is over 13 m s-1 (30 mph) and a speed of 28 m s-1 (62 mph) has been recorded. The sand and dust form a dense whirling wall that may be 1000 m (3000 ft) high; it is often preceded by isolated dust whirls. During these storms, enormous quantities of sand are deposited. Haboobs usually occur after a few days of rising temperature and falling pressure. C. (Also spelled narbon?.) In France, a wind coming from Narbonne; a north wind in the Roussillon region of southern France resembling the tramontana. If associated with an influx of arctic air, it may be very stormy with heavy falls of rain or snow. It is especially violent in the region of Perpignan where it blows in a succession of squalls for several days. In Provence it is rarer and blows from the west. In lower Languedoc and the southern C?vennes, the narbonnais is an infrequent, mild, moist, moderate southwest wind in winter and early spring, sometimes bringing thunderstorms. D. A strong, persistent northerly wind in the Philippines.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,narbonnais,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Narbonnais 1_1_6ap2lxlw,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tepal apex'?","A. A phyllome apex PO:0025139) that is part of a tepal . B. The apical portion of a phyllome. C. A phyllome apex that is part of a bract . D. A phyllome apex that is part of a sepal.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tepal apex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025143 1_1_8pcz28k1,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'surveyor'?","A. Make exact measurements and determine property boundaries. Provide data relevant to the shape, contour, gravitation, location, elevation, or dimension of land or land features on or near the earth's surface for engineering, mapmaking, mining, land evaluation, construction, and other purposes. B. Design, evaluate, modify, or construct fuel cell components or systems for transportation, stationary, or portable applications. C. Teach academic, social, and life skills to middle school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. D. Plan, coordinate, revise, or edit written material. May review proposals and drafts for possible publication.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,surveyor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17102200 1_1_j4x8vpuq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency'?","A. A familial chylomicronemia syndrome characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, chylomicronemia, very low levels of postheparin plasma lipolytic activity, presence in the circulation of a lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, and elevated adipose levels of lipoprotien lipase. B. A familial chylomicronemia syndrome characterized by refactory fasting hyperchylomicronemia, and elevated plasma triglyceride levels that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GPIHBP1 gene on chromosome 8q24.3. C. A familial chylomicronemia syndrome characterized by hyperchylomicronemia, elevated levels of very low density lipoprotein, and decreased LDL and HDL levels after fasting that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the APOA5 gene on chromosome 11q23.3. D. A familial hyperlipemia characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent build up of chylomicrons and increased plasma concentration of triglycerides.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14118 1_1_8hj3qpac,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'intercalary meristem'?","A. A shoot system meristem that is intercalated between two portions of non-meristematic tissue and results in an increase in length as part of primary growth. B. An intercalary meristem that is part of a leaf and is intercalated between two portions of non-meristematic tissue between a leaf apex and a leaf base . C. A shoot system meristem formed in an axil . D. A shoot system meristem formed at the apex of the shoot axis , including those originating from an axillary bud meristem .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,intercalary meristem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006073 1_1_dmplo52m,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'neuroticism'?","A. An emotional personality trait is a personality trait, a part of an overall personality, which predisposes the individual to repeated occurrences of a characteristic emotional process. B. A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as angry, anxious, depressed, unstable, and vulnerable. C. A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as careful, self-disciplined, dependable, vigilant, dutiful, and goal-oriented. D. A personality trait is an individual disposition or predisposition that forms part of an overall personality and is realized in repeated occurrences of a specific mental process type or behavioural profile.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,neuroticism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000064 1_1_e05lywky,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'connective tissue benign neoplasm'?","A. A connective tissue benign neoplasm composed of fibrous or connective tissues that derives_from mesenchymal tissue. B. A musculoskeletal system benign neoplasm that is located_in connective tissue. C. A connective tissue benign neoplasm that occur most often in the abdomen, arms and legs. D. A connective tissue benign neoplasm that is characterized by the development of benign tumors in the skin, striated muscles, bones, and in exceptional cases, visceral organs.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,connective tissue benign neoplasm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060123 1_1_low8bo79,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex'?","A. A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p. B. Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP). C. Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK. D. A protein complex that comprises three core spliceosomal proteins, designated E, F, and G. Formation of the E.F.G complex is essential but not sufficient for the formation of a stable U1 snRNP complex.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030895 1_1_4fdmbk30,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'drug quality'?","A. A quality that inheres in a person B. A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities C. A quality whose bearer is a drug. D. A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,drug quality,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001105 1_1_i62fghwr,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044519 1_1_qz6ezyzx,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation'?","A. The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein. B. The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. C. The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). D. The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own aspartate amino acid residues, or an aspartate residue on an identical protein.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0038083 1_1_it5qgt8z,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'flowCore'?","A. A collection of tools for performing category analysis. B. Annotation of peaklists generated by xcms, rule based annotation of isotopes and adducts, EIC correlation based tagging of unknown adducts and fragments C. This package provides S4 data structures and basic functions to deal with flow cytometry data. D. This document describes the process of forging a BSgenome data package. It is intended for Bioconductor users who want to make a new BSgenome data package",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,flowCore,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000538 1_1_4qji4kmj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'abyssal feature'?","A. A liquid food made by simmering meat, poultry, seafood or vegetables, being clear or thickened to the consistency of a thin puree or having milk or cream added, and often containing pieces of solid food such as meat, shellfish, pasta or vegetables. Soup takes precedence over other food products. Examples are egg and lemon soup, oxtail soup, fish soup, rice soup, lentil soup, minestrone, cherry soup. B. Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. C. Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. D. A hydrographic feature which is located below the surface of a marine water body.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,abyssal feature,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000190 1_1_0psstcee,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'early whole plant fruit ripening stage'?","A. A whole plant fruit development stage that begins when the first fruit on a whole plant begins the process of ripening in a way which, in case there are other fruits, the majority of the other fruits start to ripen continuously therewith, and ends with earliest of the following: (1) the whole plant begins a sporophyte senescent stage , (2) the whole plant begins a sporophyte dormant stage , or (3) all fruits on the whole plant are finished ripening. B. The stage when fruit ripening is midway. C. The stage at which fruit ripening is complete. D. The early stage in fruit ripening.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,early whole plant fruit ripening stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007001 1_1_2bl4x8c5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'estimated ceiling'?","A. A layer in the middle or upper troposphere in widespread precipitation in which ice crystals form in small convective cells and fall to lower altitudes. B. The transport of mass motion momentum solely by the random motions of individual molecules not moving together in coherent groups. C. After U.S.weather observing practice, the ceiling classification applied to a ceiling height that is determined in any of the following ways: 1) by means of a convective-cloud height diagram or dewpoint formula; 2) from the known heights of unobscured portions of natural landmarks, or objects more than one and one-half nautical miles from any runway of the airport; 3) on the basis of observational experience, provided the sky is not obscured by surface-based hydrometeors or lithometeors, and other guides are lacking or considered unreliable; or 4) determined by ceilometer or ceiling light when the penetration of the light beam is in excess of normal for the particular height and type of layer, or when the elevation angle of the clinometer or ceilometer-detector scanner exceeds 84?. D. entity (continuant) which is intended to be representative of a larger thing or universe, created to support observations designed to chracterize the larger thing",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,estimated ceiling,http://sweetontology.net/propSpaceHeight/EstimatedCeiling 1_1_vr9csx72,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subnasal width line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right subalare and left subalare. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by subnasale and pronasale. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by alar curvature point and pronasale. D. Fiat anatomical line of head, each instance of which is a line from some basion to some upper alveolar limit.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subnasal width line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284831 1_1_ne4a30jz,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebro-spinal tap'?","A. A technique used to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from an organism, which involves inserting a needle between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae in the back and extracting a sample of fluid. B. a planned process with the objective of obtaining specimen. C. A technique is a planned process used to accomplish a specific activity or task. D. An invasive procedure in which a hollow needle is introduced through an intervertebral space in the lower back to access the subarachnoid space in order to sample cerebrospinal fluid or to administer medication.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cerebro-spinal tap,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ERO_0001071 1_1_r5flgegu,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'bicycle'?","A. A human propelled vehicle, with two wheels B. A newspaper. Tabloids are usually thought of as more ""down-market"" than broadsheets. C. A white van man is a man who drives a white van. D. Things that are adult.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,bicycle,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#bicycle 1_1_iqjfh83j,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'stratified epithelial cell'?","A. An epithelial cell that is part of the epithelium of a tracheal tube in an open tracheal system, such as that found in insects. B. A highly specialized cell type exclusive to and forming neuroepithelium of the Saccus vasculosus, covering the caudal diverticulum of the infundibular recess. C. An epithelial cell, organized into multiple layers, with only the basal layer being in contact with the basement membrane. D. A cell characteristically found lining hollow organs that are subject to great mechanical change due to contraction and distention; originally thought to represent a transition between stratified squamous and columnar epithelium.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,stratified epithelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000079 1_1_h4ye3xap,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'crown root primordium formation stage'?","A. The stage at which a group of cells or initials that will differentiate into the primary root become organized in the embryo . B. The stage at which the initial cells of crown root primordium are formed in the innermost ground meristem cells by one or two periclinal divisions. C. The stage at which root primordium originates and develops at specific locations in embryonic and post embryonic roots. D. This stage at which the transverse divisions in pericycle cells form the initials of the lateral root primordium.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,crown root primordium formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007504 1_1_1oiw82ak,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GGBase'?","A. This package contains methods and functionality to analyse flow data that is beyond the basic infrastructure provided by the flowCore package. B. Methods for estimating GO semantic similarities. Implemented five methods proposed by Resnik, Schlicker(Rel), Jiang, Lin and Wang respectively. Support five species: human, rat, mouse, fly, and yeast. C. Functions to visualize long vectors of integer data by means of Hilbert curves D. This package is an infrastructure for dealing with hapmap SNP reports, GWAS, etc.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GGBase,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100113 1_1_dfrozt9u,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual glossary'?","A. A glossary of terms related to transgender people and/or transgender culture. B. A glossary of terms related to lesbian people and/or lesbian culture. C. A glossary of terms related to gay men and/or gay male culture. D. A glossary of terms related to bisexuality and/or bisexual culture.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexual glossary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004487 1_1_aslf8tbt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'stratum granulosum cell'?","A. An epithelial cell that is part of the sweat gland. B. An epithelial cell that resides in the inner root sheath of the hair follicle. C. An epithelial cell that is part of a sebaceous gland. This cell produces and secretes sebum, an oily, lipid-rich substance, through holocrine secretion where the entire cell ruptures to release its contents. D. Any epidermal cell that is part of some stratum granulosum of epidermis.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,stratum granulosum cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000712 1_1_wk1upjn5,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere'?","A. a common eye disorder among people over 50. It causes blurred or reduced central vision, due to thinning of the macula B. The viral hemorrhagic (or haemorrhagic) fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. C. A disease characterized by the growth of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in a specific part of your body (most commonly liver, lungs, skin, and lymph nodes) D. damage in the eyes due to diabetes",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,retinal disorders in diseases classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000340 1_1_qdus3v3y,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD3delta deficiency'?","A. A severe combined immunodeficiency that is characterized by deficiency of MHC class II molecules that causes lack of immune protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi and thus causes early death in childhood, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the CIITA, RFX5, RFXANK, and RFXAP genes. B. A severe combined immunodeficiency that is characterized by the absence of T cells but normal numbers of B cells. CD3D is essential for T cell development. C. A severe combined immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive mutations in the gene coding for T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3gamma chain precursors. Patients with CD3gamma deficiency have a severe defect in the expression of the T-cell receptor CD3-complex. Affected patients have decreased T-cell numbers and function; B cells are variably affected. D. A severe combined immunodeficiency that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive mutations in the gene coding for T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3epsilon chain precursors. Patients with CD3epsilon deficiency have a severe defect in the expression of the T-cell receptor CD3-complex.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,CD3delta deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060016 1_1_8dtfk3jy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (human)'?","A. A C-C chemokine receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A long-wave-sensitive opsin 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A bone marrow stromal antigen 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 that is encoded in the genome of human.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_Q10589 1_1_qsnznj0d,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'healthcare practitioner or technical worker, all other'?","A. All healthcare practitioners and technical workers not listed separately. B. Assist in operations, under the supervision of surgeons. May, in accordance with state laws, help surgeons to make incisions and close surgical sites, manipulate or remove tissues, implant surgical devices or drains, suction the surgical site, place catheters, clamp or cauterize vessels or tissue, and apply dressings to surgical site. C. Assess individual or family risk for a variety of inherited conditions, such as genetic disorders and birth defects. Provide information to other healthcare providers or to individuals and families concerned with the risk of inherited conditions. Advise individuals and families to support informed decisionmaking and coping methods for those at risk. May help conduct research related to genetic conditions or genetic counseling. D. Evaluate and treat musculoskeletal injuries or illnesses. Provide preventive, therapeutic, emergency, and rehabilitative care.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"healthcare practitioner or technical worker, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29909900 1_1_0frjij7g,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete PAnnBuilder'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete PAnnBuilder,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000314 1_1_pgcauwl8,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'bundle sheath chlorenchyma cell'?","A. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a chloronema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are perpendicular to the protonema axis. B. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a bundle sheath . C. A ground tissue cell that is part of a bundle sheath . D. A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a caulonema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are oblique to the protonema axis.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,bundle sheath chlorenchyma cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025542 1_1_b8bwz9r3,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,5-furandimethanol'?","A. An indole alkaloid that is fumitremorgin C substituted at positions 12 and 13 by hydroxy groups. B. A furan carrying two hydroxymethyl substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. C. A diarylmethane in which the two aryl groups are specified as 5-methylfuran-2-yl and pyrrol-3-yl. D. A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 4,9-cyclo-9,10-secocholesta-5,24-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 9beta, 10, and 14, and by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 11alpha.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,5-furandimethanol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59984 1_1_wca281v3,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'arene'?","A. Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. B. Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. C. A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2). D. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,arene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33658 1_1_mlil2zpq,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'easterly wave'?","A. A migratory wavelike disturbance of the tropical easterlies. B. Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. C. A horizontal wavelike deformation of a front in the lower levels, commonly associated with a maximum of cyclonic circulation in the adjacent flow. It may develop into a wave cyclone. D. An atmospheric gravity wave, formed when stable air flow passes over a mountain or mountain barrier.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,easterly wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmo/EasterlyWave 1_1_nqf7rjkd,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Artistic License 2.0'?","A. This is a free software, copyleft license. Its terms effectively consist of the terms of GPLv3, with an additional paragraph in section 13 to allow users who interact with the licensed software over a network to receive the source for that program. It is recommended that developers consider using the GNU AGPL for any software which will commonly be run over a network. B. This is the latest version of the LGPL: a free software license, but not a strong copyleft license, because it permits linking with nonfree modules. It is compatible with GPLv3. It is therefore recommend for special circumstances only. Please note that LGPLv3 is not compatible with GPLv2 by itself. However, most software released under GPLv2 allows you to use the terms of later versions of the GPL as well. When this is the case, you can use the code under GPLv3 to make the desired combination. C. The Artistic License v 2.0 is a free software license by the definition of the GNU Project and compatible with the GPL thanks to the relicensing option in section 4(c)(ii) (as compared with the Artistic License 1.0). D. The CC BY 4.0 license is a Creative Commons license. This is a non-copyleft free license that is good for art and entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. People are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format; Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. But they must conform to the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Artistic License 2.0,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000057 1_1_ijokuhr3,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gore'?","A. Vehicle driving simulator B. Game offers elements of psychological violence C. Game offers explicit and violent visual elements D. Game where the enemies are more than the resources to fight them",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Gore,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Gore 1_1_juye83hq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'monitoring'?","A. A skill realized in bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. B. A skill realized in persuading others to change their minds or behavior. C. A skill realized in monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. D. A skill realized in talking to others to convey information effectively.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,monitoring,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000035 1_1_h50bc7sv,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other specified anemia DP'?","A. a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood B. a condition in which a person quickly loses a large volume of circulating hemoglobin. C. patient lacks enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body's tissues D. decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the patient's blood stream",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other specified anemia DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000286 1_1_fm3q2wkv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway. B. Catalysis of the reaction: an alditol + NADP+ = an aldose + NADPH + H+. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway involved in outflow tract morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000764 1_1_193oqhmg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'dichlorobenzene'?","A. Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions. B. Any organochlorine compound containing a benzene ring which is substituted by one or more chlorines. C. An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. D. Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,dichlorobenzene,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23697 1_1_s1j422uq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Husk weight'?","A. During FCA: compute using formula B. During FCA: Calculate fresh solid endosperm oil content measured over a 4 year timespan. Calculate mean over 30 palms. C. During FCA: Subtract split nut weight from nut weight for each analyzed tree. Calculate standard deviation over 30 palms. D. Calculate using formula",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Husk weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000302 1_1_ff1xcur0,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organ system subdivision'?","A. Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. B. An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. C. A subdivision of an anatomical system. D. A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,organ system subdivision,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011216 1_1_vfa7nt9f,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ascochyta blight resistance'?","A. Causative agent: Pea leaf roll virus. It causes stunted growth and discoloured (yellow, orange or brown) foliage B. Causative agent:Colletotrichum capsici. It causes elongated, sunken, dark brown spots on the lower part of the stem, wilting and drying due to severe infection C. Causative agent:Sclerotium rolfsii. It causes constriction of collar region and rotting. White strands grow over affected tissue. Sclerotia, small round fungal structures that look like mustard seeds, are seen on the dead tissues D. Causative agent:Ascochyta rabiei. It causes dark brown lesions at the base of the stem of emerging seedlings, seen during the flowering and podding phases of blighted plants in the field, affected seedlings die",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ascochyta blight resistance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_338:0000039 1_1_fabvc6dj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovuliferous scale ovule'?","A. A plant ovule that is part of an ovuliferous scale (add). B. Stage of microgametophyte development during which the callose wall between the tetrads breaks down and haploid microspores are released and lie freely in locules. C. A plant organ that has as parts a nucellus in which a female gametophyte is located, one or two integuments , and a funicle . D. A plant ovule that is part of a plant ovary .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,ovuliferous scale ovule,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025491 1_1_j3r547x2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of shade avoidance'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of response to amylopectin. B. Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of shade avoidance.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of shade avoidance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902448 1_1_30kfjnn6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Other mechanical complication of infusion catheter, initial encounter'?","A. Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. B. is a break in the patella, or kneecap, the small bone that sits at the front of your knee C. fracture or break on ribs, sternum and thoracic spine D. Complications of gaining I.V. may include infiltration, hematoma, an air embolism, phlebitis, extravascular drug administration, and intraarterial injection. Intraarterial injection is more rare, but as threatening.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Other mechanical complication of infusion catheter, initial encounter",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000145 1_1_pjpichbl,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'synergid'?","A. An embryo sac cell that is largest cell in a mature embryo sac . B. A native plant cell that is part of an embryo sac . C. Cell, usually two in number, in the micropylar end of the embryo sac of angiosperms associated with the egg in the egg apparatus. D. Cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and two polar nuclei of the central cell (or diploid secondary endosperm nucleus, in cases where two polar nuclei fuse together before double fertilization). The first cell of the endosperm, often triploid.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,synergid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000191 1_1_1wto8cvl,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fruits harvested number'?","A. Hairs on sprout (vines) B. Intensity or proportion of fruit set or development under open or controlled pollination. C. Intensity of spines on stem (vine) above base of mature plant (5 to 6 month old plant) D. Number of harvested fruits per cross after physiological maturity",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Fruits harvested number,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0000009 1_1_d6e8tf27,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '6-(dimethylamino)-cPuMP'?","A. A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by methyl, nitro, and ({bis[(2-bromoethyl)amino]phosphoryl}oxy)methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a hypoxia-activated prodrug that targets hypoxic regions of tumors. The drug was being evaluated for first-line treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma and advanced soft tissue sarcoma, in combination with chemotherapy (phase 3 trial now discontinued since the drug did not meet primary endpoints). B. A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a hydroxylamino substituent at the 4-position. C. A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the exocylic amino hydrogens on the purine fragment are replaced by methyl groups. D. A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,6-(dimethylamino)-cPuMP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84627 1_1_jska27aw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'type III hypersensitivity'?","A. Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a basophil. B. An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation. C. An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue. D. Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,type III hypersensitivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001802 1_1_luszt7tv,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'monsoon low'?","A. A point of maximum decrease in atmospheric pressure over a specified interval of time; on synoptic charts, a point of greatest negative pressure tendency; opposed to a pressure- rise center. B. A cold low that has grown out of a trough and become displaced out of the basic westerly current and lies equatorward of this current. C. A seasonal low found over a continent in the summer and over the adjacent sea in the winter. Examples are the lows over the southwestern US and India in summer and those located off lower California and in the Bay of Bengal in winter. Palmer (1951) points out that, while the winter and summer monsoon lows appear similar on mean charts, they are dynamically quite different. Compare thermal low. D. A low pressure area on the mesoscale. It has been used to refer both to features observed within convective storms and features even larger in scale.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,monsoon low,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/MonsoonLow 1_1_husufmn6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GC-RMA Quantification'?","A. The software automatically finds and places microarray grids, rejects outlier pixels, accurately determines feature intensities and ratios, flags outlier pixels, and calculates statistical confidences. Application-specific QC reports summarize results and provide an at-a-glance quality assessment B. Scan Control Software is the user interface software that controls the Agilent scanner. This software is usable only with the Agilent high-resolution scanner (G2565CA) or high-resolution scanner upgrade. It will not function with earlier scanner versions C. Single-user desktop software package for analyzing microarray data from multiple microarray platforms. D. Exper 2100 offers powerful data evaluation tools for all available assays, automatic and manual integration, smear analysis and many assay-specific tools.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GC-RMA Quantification,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100108 1_1_624h04l4,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'otic vesicle development'?","A. The progression of the semicircular canal from its initial formation to the mature structure. B. The regrowth of lost or destroyed epithelium. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otic vesicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The otic vesicle is a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,otic vesicle development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071599 1_1_fyfo6pkr,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypocalciuria'?","A. A reduction of the ratio of renal calcium clearance to creatinine clearance to below 0.01. B. An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the urine. C. An abnormality of calcium concentration in the urine. D. High urine calcium in the presence of hypocalcemia.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypocalciuria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003127 1_1_y6tc8huf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'postcranial axial skeleton'?","A. The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. B. The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. C. Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. D. Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified].",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,postcranial axial skeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002090 1_1_vlt2eol9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seedling epicotyl'?","A. An epicotyl that is part of a plant embryo . B. An epicotyl that is part of a seedling . C. The first stem internode above the cotyledonary node of a plant embryo or a seedling . D. A phyllome plate meristem in the vascular leaf .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seedling epicotyl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025293 1_1_z4eggmuz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'rotary drill operator, oil or ga'?","A. Operate self-propelled mining machines that rip coal, metal and nonmetal ores, rock, stone, or sand from the mine face and load it onto conveyors, shuttle cars, or trucks in a continuous operation. B. Set up or operate a variety of drills to remove underground oil and gas, or remove core samples for testing during oil and gas exploration. C. Provide personal items to patrons or customers in locker rooms, dressing rooms, or coatrooms. D. Serve food to individuals outside of a restaurant environment, such as in hotel rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, or cars.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"rotary drill operator, oil or ga",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47501200 1_1_dxu0jrq5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-gluconic acid'?","A. A gluconic acid having L-configuration. B. A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group. C. A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer). D. A gluconic acid having D-configuration.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,L-gluconic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86359 1_1_tx1db2fe,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'shoot axis apex'?","A. A shoot axis apex that is part of a branch . B. A shoot axis that is the most distal part of a shoot system and has as parts a shoot apical meristem and the youngest primordia . C. A shoot apex that has as part a reproductive shoot apical meristem. D. A shoot axis that is part of a gametophore .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,shoot axis apex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000037 1_1_wyn4xhjp,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'late onset Parkinson's disease'?","A. A late onset Parkinson disease that has_material_basis_in heterozygous triplication of the alpha-synuclein gene on chromosome 4q22. B. A Parkinson's disease characterized by onset of motor symptoms typically after 60 years of age. C. A Parkinson's disease characterized by onset of motor symptoms earlier than typically seen, usually prior to 50 years of age. D. A late-onset Parkinson disease that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the VPS35 gene on chromosome 16q13.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,late onset Parkinson's disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060892 1_1_fhtc0r8l,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process'?","A. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032346 1_1_06db6e6o,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypotrichosis 2'?","A. A hypotrichosis has_material_basis_in a autosomal recessive mutation of the LPAR6 gene on chromosome 13q14.2. B. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in a autosomal dominant mutation of the CDSN gene on chromosome 6p21.33. C. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in a autosomal dominant mutation of HR on chromosome 8p21.3. D. A hypotrichosis that has_material_basis_in a autosomal dominant mutation of the SNRPE gene on chromosome 1q32.1.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hypotrichosis 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110699 1_1_sogac4kg,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of endothelial cell activation'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell activation.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of endothelial cell activation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904989 1_1_2vaj7vzo,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'transplantation'?","A. A transplantation in which the body part is a non-fluid tissue B. A transplantation in which the body part is a bodily fluid C. A therapeutic procedure in which a body part is transferred into a organism D. A therapeutic procedure that uses radiation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,transplantation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000143 1_1_v2kuao5n,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'transversus abdominis muscle'?","A. Either the external or internal abdominal oblique muscles. B. The lateral abdominal wall muscle that is deep to the internal oblique. C. The rectus abdominis muscle is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the abdomen. There are two parallel sets of muscles, separated by a midline band of connective tissue called the linea alba (white line). It extends from the pubic symphysis/pubic crest inferiorly to the xiphisternum/xiphoid process and lower costal cartilages (5-7) superiorly. It is contained in the Rectus sheath. The rectus is usually crossed by three fibrous bands licked by the tendinous inscriptions. [WP,modified]. D. Any skeletal muscle organ that is part of a anterior abdominal wall. Examples: the obliques, pyramidalis and transversus abdominus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,transversus abdominis muscle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001221 1_1_ajqpuxlk,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'keratoconus'?","A. A corneal disease that is characterized by a bilaterally enlarged corneal diameter without an increase in intraocular pressure and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CHRDL1 gene. B. A corneal disease characterized by structural changes within the cornea causing it to thin and change, leading to a protruding conical shape. C. A corneal disease that is characterized by a triangular tissue growth located_in cornea of the eye that is the result of collagen degeneration and fibrovascular proliferation. D. A corneal disease characterized by annular limbal dermoids with corneal and conjunctival extension that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the PITX2 gene on chromosome 4q25.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,keratoconus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10126 1_1_ok4uvuk0,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'operating system'?","A. Dynamically chooses cutoffs for grouping into present/divergent genes based on the shape of the distribution. More resistant to variation in hybridization data than CCACK. B. An operating system is a piece of software which is responsible for managing software that runs on a computer and the interactions of that software with the hardware and system resources. C. COPASI is a software application for simulation and analysis of biochemical networks and their dynamics. COPASI is a stand-alone program that supports models in the SBML standard and can simulate their behavior using ODEs or Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm; arbitrary discrete events can be included in such simulations. COPASI provides an C++ API with language bindings for Perl, python, R, Java, and Octave and is able to communicate with the Systems Biology Workbench COPASI carries out several analyses of the network and its dynamics and has extensive support for parameter estimation and optimization. COPASI provides means to visualize data in customizable plots, histograms and animations of network diagrams. D. Protein Identification Software including an LC-MS/MS search engine, modification search and PTM profiling, sequence variant search, integration with de novo sequencing, and support for all types of fragment ions.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,operating system,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000021 1_1_3ehl1gt0,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'merchant vessel'?","A. A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. B. A transport boat which can be hired. C. A merchant vessel which is used to carry passengers, vehicles, or cargo across a body of water. D. A boat which is used to transport cargo or carry passengers.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,merchant vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501105 1_1_8fm71qif,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Thoracic part of esophagus'?","A. Zone of esophagus located in the thorax. B. Organ segment which is regional part of esophagus. Examples: cervical part of esophagus, vertebral segment of esophagus. C. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some flexor pollicis longus muscle, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. D. Organ cavity subdivision, each instance of which is the triangular space at the medial angle of some eye, where the tears collect.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Thoracic part of esophagus,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9396 1_1_t27wgokj,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'vulvovaginal candidiasis'?","A. A candidiasis that is characterized by Candida infection located_in the skin. B. A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans in immunocompromised people, resulting in lesions, bleeding, painful swallowing and substernal pain. C. A candidiasis that results_in fungal infection of the outer-most layer located_in nail, has_material_basis_in Candida species. The infection causes painful, red, swollen area around the nail, often at the cuticle or at the site of a hangnail or other injury. D. A candidiasis that involves fungal infection of the vaginal mucous membranes in women caused by Candida albicans. The symptoms include intense vulval pruritus, burning, erythema and dyspareunia associated with a creamy white, curd-like discharge.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,vulvovaginal candidiasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2272 1_1_x27gzgiy,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'hypaxial region somite 23'?","A. The hypaxial region of somite 19 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995. B. The hypaxial region of somite 27 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995. C. The hypaxial region of somite 23 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995. D. The hypaxial region of somite 4 derived body wall muscle. The hypaxial region is ventral to the horizontal myoseptum. Kimmel et al, 1995.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,hypaxial region somite 23,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2000897 1_1_w9z6vkyn,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'addiction relapse case'?","A. A data item that is about the amount and quality of human and physical resources available to the inhabitants of a geospatial region. B. A data item that is about the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption of a person. C. A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour. D. A data item which indicates the number of days per week a person has drunk alcohol to levels which are considered to be excessive.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,addiction relapse case,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000160 1_1_hif0belk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Hypokalemia'?","A. An abnormally decreased potassium concentration in the blood occurring periodically with a return to normal between the episodes. B. Increased concentration of potassium in the blood circulation specifically measured during a disease flareup, attack, or exacerbation. C. An abnormally decreased potassium concentration in the blood. D. An abnormally increased potassium concentration in the blood.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Hypokalemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002900 1_1_bgk5kutf,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'philosophy or religion teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications. B. Teach courses in philosophy, religion, and theology. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Develop or apply mathematical or statistical theory and methods to collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide usable information. May specialize in fields such as biostatistics, agricultural statistics, business statistics, or economic statistics. Includes mathematical and survey statisticians. D. Conduct economic analysis related to environmental protection and use of the natural environment, such as water, air, land, and renewable energy resources. Evaluate and quantify benefits, costs, incentives, and impacts of alternative options using economic principles and statistical techniques.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"philosophy or religion teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25112600 1_1_3skomcez,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'interfascicular region'?","A. A portion of ground tissue which comprises a layer or layers of cells surrounding the vascular bundles of leaves. It may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma . B. A peripheral portion of ground tissue in a plant axis that is composed of cork cambium (phellogen; PO:0005599), phellem , and phelloderm . C. A portion of ground tissue that is the outermost layer of a portion of cortex . D. A portion of ground tissue located between vascular bundles in a shoot axis.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,interfascicular region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006202 1_1_7rp6ol6g,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'inpatient role'?","A. A patient role which inheres in a person and is realized by coming to a healthcare facility for diagnosis or treatment but not being admitted for an overnight stay. B. a role which inheres in a person and is realized by the process of being under the care of a physician or health care provider C. A patient role which inheres in a person and is realized by being under the care of a physician or health care provider and being admitted to a hospital or equivalent facility. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun/fire dried tobacco leaves are mixed with ash to form a quid.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,inpatient role,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_015079 1_1_wtqdopve,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'relational quality'?","A. A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. B. A quality of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. C. A pattern of signs and symptoms that typically co-occur. D. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])",D,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,relational quality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000145 1_1_3bx6ybvw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'premeiotic DNA replication'?","A. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the meiotic spindle pole body. B. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis. C. A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. D. The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,premeiotic DNA replication,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006279 1_1_goc0wboz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem rot incidence estimation'?","A. Estimate the propotion of tillers that are infected B. In a greenhouse test, observe the proportion of plants with silver shoots. For the greenhouse test to be considered a valid measure of resistance, 60% of the plants of the susceptible check should show silver shoots C. Estimate the extent of leaf rolling on exposure to drought D. Estimate the ability of stems to elongate based on comparison with check varieties. Specify water depth under which the data was recorded",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem rot incidence estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000366 1_1_12xo8271,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mucosa of common bile duct'?","A. A mucosa that is part of a common bile duct [Automatically generated definition]. B. A mucosa that is part of a right hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. C. A mucosa that is part of a left hepatic duct [Automatically generated definition]. D. A mucosa that is part of a cystic duct [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mucosa of common bile duct,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005000 1_1_hde3gzqk,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'rama'?","A. This package provides mechanisms for automatic function prototyping and exposure of R functionality in a web services environment. B. The rama package consists of several functions for robust estimation of two color microarray intensities with replicates C. Builds platform design information packages. These consist of a SQLite database containing feature-level data such as x, y position on chip and featureSet ID. The database also incorporates featureSet-level annotation data. The products of this packages are used by the oligo pkg. D. The package contains parallelized functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The package is designed for large numbers of microarray data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,rama,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000679 1_1_m3w1fqto,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ ethnic minority person'?","A. A person who identifies as queer in terms of gender identity and/or sexual orientation. B. LGBTQIA+ people who are part of an ethnic minority. C. A person who identifies as pansexual. D. Sex workers who are LGBTQIA+.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ ethnic minority person,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012391 1_1_6gyjawbc,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,3,4-trihydroxbenzophenone'?","A. A benzenetriol that is benzene-1,2,4-triol substituted by a (8Z)-pentadec-8-en-1-yl group at position 6. B. A benzenetriol that is benzophenone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, and 4. It is a redox mediator. C. A 2-acyl-4-prenylphloroglucinol in which the acyl group is specified as 3-methylbutanoyl. D. A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,3,4-trihydroxbenzophenone",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_176813 1_1_xv2fupzh,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete vbmp'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete vbmp,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000723 1_1_02axcorr,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ataxia, unspecified'?","A. A disorder characterized by lack of coordination of muscle movements B. cancerous tumor of the brain C. unspecified disorder of the brain D. a small class of medical conditions affecting the nervous system.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"ataxia, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000523 1_1_q7bz5cdi,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Human-Made Object'?","A. This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms. Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Human-Made Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation. Whereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. In particular, it includes the information encoding features on mechanical or digital carriers.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E22 Human-Made Object,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E22_Human-Made_Object 1_1_iddydxjc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'olefinic compound'?","A. Any molecular entity that contains carbon. B. Any organic molecular entity that is acidic and contains carbon in covalent linkage. C. An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). D. Any organic molecular entity that contains at least one C=C bond.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,olefinic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78840 1_1_9ub8ehqj,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Right testicular vein'?","A. Suprarenal vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains some right suprarenal gland. B. Testicular vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some inferior vena cava that drains some right pampiniform plexus. C. Anatomical structure which is a variation from canonical manifestation. Examples: valve of navicular fossa, tendinous arch of levator ani. D. Testicular vein, each instance of which is a tributary of some left renal vein that drains some left pampiniform plexus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Right testicular vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14341 1_1_tozpk6bx,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'pseudomatrix'?","A. A type of matrix consisting of soft deformable framework grains that are squeezed and flattened between stronger framework grains. B. A type of matrix consisting of un-recrystallized detrital clayey lutum (clay fraction, less than 2 micron) in weakly consolidated rocks. C. Constituent forms finer-grained material interstitial to a framework constituent. ‘The finer-grained material enclosing, or filling the interstices between, the larger grains or particles of a sediment or sedimentary rock....The term refers to the relative size and disposition of the particles, and no particular particle size is implied’ (Jackson, 1997, p. 393). May be classifiable into orthomatrix, protomatrix, epimatrix, pseudomatrix, and unclassified matrix. D. A type of matrix consisting of inhomogeneous interstitial materials grown in originally open interstices during diagenesis, but lacking the homogeneity and clear textural evidence of pore-filling needed to classify as phyllosilicate cement.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,pseudomatrix,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeolConstituent/Pseudomatrix 1_1_ybet9ag2,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cell body of neuron'?","A. Cell body which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus of the neuron. B. Cell segment which consists of the plasma membrane and the cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. C. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of areolar connective tissue that is connected together by the intersulcal connective tissue of fibrous ring of mitral valve. D. Fetal subdivision of cranial skeletal system which encase the brain.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Cell body of neuron,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67241 1_1_6qg60qmo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 19'?","A. A COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the COX16 gene on chromosome 14q24.2. B. A COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the COX5A gene on chromosome 15q24.2. C. A COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the COX8A gene on chromosome 11q13.1. D. A COX deficiency, benign infantile mitochondrial myopathy that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PET117 gene on chromosome 20p11.23.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mitochondrial complex IV deficiency nuclear type 19,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070504 1_1_rkvx8z9f,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'curcumin'?","A. A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. B. A primary amino compound that is the 5-hydroxy derivative of tryptamine. C. A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. D. A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,curcumin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962 1_1_bx2l9oh7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Chirocarpal region'?","A. Set of ligaments that connect teeth to alveolar sockets. B. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. C. Nerve fiber with no myelin sheath. D. Free upper limb region which includes the hand and wrist.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Chirocarpal region,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321556 1_1_boh4we3y,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased helper T cell proportion'?","A. Abnormal proportion of helper T cells relative to the total number of T cells. B. Increased proportion of helper T cells relative to the total number of T cells. C. Loss-of-function thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) defect. D. Reduced proportion of helper T cells relative to the total number of T cells.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased helper T cell proportion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0500264 1_1_clazaxax,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spermatogenic failure 67'?","A. A spermatogenic failure characterized by male infertility caused by the majority of spermatozoa having round heads and acrosome defects. B. A spermatogenic failure characterized by globozoospermia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the CCDC62 gene on chromosome 12q24.31. C. A male infertility characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of globozoospermia that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SPATA16 gene on chromosome 3q26. D. A spermatogenic failure characterized by globozoospermia and reduced progressive motility that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the SPACA1 gene on chromosome 6q15.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spermatogenic failure 67,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070566 1_1_xzvjpiny,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ubac'?","A. Alpine region is one above the tree line. [Wikipedia] B. A slope formed at the base of a steeper slope, made of fallen and disintegrated materials. C. The shady (usually poleward) side of a mountain. D. The hanging wall appears to have moved down relative to the footwall; dip of fault usually greater than 45 degrees.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ubac,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandOrographic/Ubac 1_1_fuoif9ln,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'desert oasis'?","A. Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. B. An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. C. A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. D. A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,desert oasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000156 1_1_i9w949sl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'microbialite'?","A. A sedimentary rock which is made of carbonate mud whose formation is mediated by microbes in the benthic zone. B. Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. C. A sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragnoite. D. A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,microbialite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03600064 1_1_k24ezzr8,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2001237 1_1_bqxcwxj6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'covered pit latrine'?","A. A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. B. A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. C. A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. D. An 1-D extent quality which is equal to the length of the closed curve of a circle.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,covered pit latrine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000532 1_1_rwvwy5ds,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'gender retransition'?","A. Do-it-yourself gender transition typically undertaken as a result of extreme gatekeeping of gender transition procedures and/or processes. B. Transitioning after stopping gender transition for any reason. C. The process of changing one's gender presentation and/or sex characteristics to accord with one's internal sense of gender identity. D. The medical portion of gender transition. Some parts of medical transition may include hormone replacement therapy, various gender confirmation surgeries, and voice therapy.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,gender retransition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003400 1_1_i1o3qwxq,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebral amyloid angiopathy'?","A. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. B. An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. C. A disease that involving errors in metabolic processes of building or degradation of molecules. D. An amyloidosis where amyloid protein progressively deposits in cerebral blood vessel walls with subsequent degenerative vascular changes that usually result in spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic lesions and progressive dementia.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,cerebral amyloid angiopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9246 1_1_b7fxo321,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrocarbon gas emission process'?","A. A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. B. A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. C. A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas. D. A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,hydrocarbon gas emission process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000093 1_1_132j8epg,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Guillain-Mollaret pathway'?","A. Pathway structure of neuraxis, each instance of which is a triangular neuronal pathway in some brain, connecting some dentate nucleus on one side with some red nucleus and olive on the other side. B. Zone of tympanic part of temporal bone, each instance of which is a ridge on the inferior aspect of some temporal bone, partly enclosing the base of some styloid process. C. Coronary artery which emerges from the left posterior aortic sinus, between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the left side of the heart. D. Pathway structure of neuraxis which consists of corticospinal, corticobulbar, corticorubrospinal, corticoreticulospinal and corticotectospinal fibers.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Guillain-Mollaret pathway,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329289 1_1_9bs1oz6l,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'correctional officer or jailer'?","A. Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or film productions, or other settings for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing. B. Sew, join, reinforce, or finish, usually with needle and thread, a variety of manufactured items. Includes weavers and stitchers. C. Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions. D. Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,correctional officer or jailer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33301200 1_1_x2yfpl7o,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepal mesophyll'?","A. The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the petal. B. The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the sepal. C. The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the leaf or leaf like organs. D. The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the foliage leaf.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepal mesophyll,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006072 1_1_rsd7f0ff,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lower jaw'?","A. Apical zone of myocardium of left ventricle which is adjacent to the apical lateral , the apical inferoseptal and the mid inferior zones of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Organ cluster which consists of either maxilla or mandible, set of periodontia and dentition. C. Jaw which has as direct partsmandible and set of mandibular periodontia. D. Jaw which has as direct parts either right or left maxilla and set of maxillary periodontia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lower jaw,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54398 1_1_q7w7u0ju,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'biological science teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Develop or apply mathematical or statistical theory and methods to collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide usable information. May specialize in fields such as biostatistics, agricultural statistics, business statistics, or economic statistics. Includes mathematical and survey statisticians. B. Teach courses in biological sciences. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Research, design, develop, or test microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. D. Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, and research and development in these fields.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"biological science teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25104200 1_1_9wiukh6l,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'biological phase'?","A. A distinct period or stage in a biological process or cycle. B. Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. C. Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. D. The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,biological phase,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044848 1_1_ttewa6uu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Prostatic utricle'?","A. Branch of left coronary artery which is the direct continuation of the left coronary artery along the anterior interventricular sulcus, consisting of the conus branch of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary, the anterior ventricular branch of anterior interventricular artery, the left diagonal artery and the septal branch of anterior interventricular artery that supplies both the cardiac ventricles and the anterior two thirds of the interventricular septum. B. Zoen of prostate, each instance of which is the vestigial remains in some male of the lower part of the Mullerian duct; it is a blond pouch arising in the parenchyma of some prostate, flanked by the orifices of some ejaculatory ducts and opening onto some seminal colliculus C. Iliac spine, each instance of which is a blunt prominence projecting from the posteroinferior part of some ilium, at the the posterior end of some facies auricularis and the superior end of some greater sciatic notch. D. Conducting system of subdivision of heart which consists of the sinuatrial node, atrial septal branch of anterior internodal tract, middle and posterior internodal tracts and the atrioventricular node.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Prostatic utricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma19702 1_1_4duwjzdm,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'phytocannabinoid'?","A. A class of cannabinoid that consists of synthetic analogs of the naturally occuring cannabinoids. B. A cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. C. A class of cannabinoid which are C21 terpenophenolic compounds isolated primarily from Cannabis sativa. D. A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,phytocannabinoid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67196 1_1_47itnh7d,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Small saphenous vein'?","A. Subdivision of cardiac septum which is continuous with the membranous part of cardiac septum and the wall of cardiac chamber. B. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal anterior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 2, 3 and 7 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. C. Tributary of pooliteal vein, each instance of which is a superficial vein that continues the lateral end of the dorsal venous arch of some foot from behind some malleolus and passes up the back of some leg to some popliteal fossa. D. Subdivision of face which has as its direct parts orbital cavity and its content and eyelids.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Small saphenous vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44333 1_1_x07huk63,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'NPC'?","A. Mechanic that allows the player to impart a direction besidesthe default one either to some elements of the game world or to the plot revolving around it. Choices often are the key to games with multiple endings, altough sone games employ more subtle element to determine an ending (i.e. the case of ""SIGNALIS"") B. Non-playing character of the game C. Playable character of the game D. Character encoded in the game",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,NPC,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#NPC 1_1_2d6fl889,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'forano'?","A. A sea breeze of Naples in Italy. B. A circulation similar to a sea breeze, except not at a shore. The inland sea breeze is a very weak thermal circulation caused by temperature contrast between different land surfaces and is sometimes observed between cool irrigated farm land and neighboring dry desert land. This phenomenon is observed only when the synoptic-scale winds are very light. C. A sea breeze. In southwest France it refers to a southwesterly sea breeze that sets in about 9 A.M., reaches it maximum towards 2 P.M. and ceases about 5 P.M. D. A warm, moist sea breeze from the south that sets in at midday in Provence, France, south of Mount Ventoux. In the Roussillon region the midday south wind (mitgjorn) is irregular and generally light, and is dry after crossing the Pyrenees.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,forano,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Forano 1_1_z328r7fl,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'CarnivorousPlant'?","A. Plants eaten both by herbivores and carnivores B. Trees are a type of plant. C. they do exist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivorous_plant). Added in the ontology mainly to play with inconsistencies on domain and range axioms, like the ""only animals eat something"", yet the carnivorous plant (disjoint from animals) also eats animals (insects and arthropods, mainly) D. 'plant' is here a shorthand for plant kingdom",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,CarnivorousPlant,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#CarnivorousPlant 1_1_ldxfb7dl,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration'?","A. The process in which a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases). C. The basal portion (further from lumen) of a intestinal crypt that is located in the small intestine. D. The orderly movement of a myoblast from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0014839 1_1_0dzrhkqp,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell'?","A. Mesenchyme that is part of a developing upper jaw [Automatically generated definition]. B. The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. C. Developing superficial cortical layer located just under the pia matter, develops from the marginal layer of the neural tube and becomes cortical layer I. D. A hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell that has the ability to differentiate into limited cell types but lacks lineage cell markers and self renewal capabilities.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002032 1_1_atoknop5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'nerve to stylopharyngeus from glossopharyngeal nerve'?","A. The deep temporal nerves, branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, are two in number, anterior and posterior. They pass above the upper border of the pterygoideus externus and enter the deep surface of the temporalis. B. The stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve is distributed to the Stylopharyngeus. C. A muscular branch of the mandibular nerve passing to the medial surface of the masseter muscle, which it innervates. D. A branch of the 8th cranial nerve that innervates the cristae ampullaris.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,nerve to stylopharyngeus from glossopharyngeal nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011317 1_1_ma0s7w3d,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subcutaneous adipose tissue'?","A. Adipose tissue, each instance of which is some layer of adipose tissue underlying the dermis. B. Dense irregular connective tissue, which predominantly consists of adipocytes. C. Subcutaneous adipose tissue, each instance of which is superficial subcutaneous adipose layer of anterior abdominal wall, external to the membranous layer. D. Adipose tissue, cells of which contain a single large lipid droplet.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subcutaneous adipose tissue,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74315 1_1_uyqpva8r,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'drug'?","A. Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. B. Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. C. A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms involving the central nervous system. D. A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,drug,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 1_1_g21kxuia,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cefixime allergy'?","A. A cephalosporin allergy that has_allergic_trigger ceftazidime. B. A cephalosporin allergy that has_allergic_trigger cefixime. C. A cephalosporin allergy that has_allergic_trigger cefuroxime. D. A cephalosporin allergy that has_allergic_trigger cefotiam.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cefixime allergy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0040030 1_1_obbazyxu,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'glare sensitivity'?","A. The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. B. The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting. C. The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. D. The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,glare sensitivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000074 1_1_1f5ta00v,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'limb external integument structure'?","A. The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. B. Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. C. Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. D. Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the limb integument.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,limb external integument structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000981 1_1_cpssend0,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reduced tissue thymidine phosphorylase activity'?","A. Activity of thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.4) in the tissues below the lower limit of normal. The activity can be measured in multiple tissues including leukocytes. B. Reduced carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (CPT II; EC 2.3.1.21) activity or level, leading to a reduced activity of the reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + L-carnitine = CoA + L-palmitoylcarnitine. (CPT II activity can be measured in tissues including fibroblasts, lymphoblasts, and skeletal muscle. C. Concentration or activity of beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) below the lower limit of normal. Beta-mannosidas enzyme can be measured in multiple tissues including leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts. D. Concentration or activity of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.8.7;MCAD) in tissues is below the lower limit of normal.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Reduced tissue thymidine phosphorylase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_6000570 1_1_lnua9sbb,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryonic fibroblast'?","A. A fibroblast that is part of the connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate. B. Any fibroblast that is part of a embryo. C. Any fibroblast that is part of a spleen. D. A fibroblast of skin.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,embryonic fibroblast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000042 1_1_47ocqbnu,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'geographic location'?","A. A continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R B. A geographical location within a country where the intervention takes place. C. A spatial region that has a government and is recognised as a country in international law. D. A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,geographic location,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GAZ_00000448 1_1_hf9qf6ge,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'happiness'?","A. A negative emotion that is a mild form of worry about a particular object or situation. B. A positive emotion which is sought out and is associated with happiness and satisfaction. C. A positive emotion which is experienced in reaction to a positive experience or event. [Source: OCEAS] D. A negative emotion accompanying uncertainty about a judgement or decision.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,happiness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000042 1_1_sc1nmkf1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of toll-like receptor 21 signaling pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000445 1_1_hempvsy6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'snapCGH'?","A. This packages provides a targeted pre-processing method for GC-MS data. B. Estimation of local false discovery rate C. Methods for segmenting, normalising and processing aCGH data; including plotting functions for visualising raw and segmented data for individual and multiple arrays. D. The affy package contains functions for exploratory oligonucleotide array analysis. The dependance to tkWidgets only concerns few convenience functions. 'affy' is fully functional without it.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,snapCGH,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000700 1_1_kekb1ec0,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'set of hair of labial part of mouth'?","A. The collection of hair that grows on the chin, cheeks and neck of human beings. Usually, only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards. However, women with hirsutism may develop a beard. When differentiating between upper and lower facial hair, a beard specifically includes the moustache, which refers to hair above the upper lip and around it. B. Individual hairs on the face taken together as a set. C. Individual hairs on the labial part of the mouth taken together as a set. D. Facial hair grown on the outer surface of the upper lip. It may or may not be accompanied by a type of beard, a facial hair style grown and cropped to cover most of the lower half of the face.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,set of hair of labial part of mouth,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma304716 1_1_dxlkybvk,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Millibar'?","A. A millibar is a unit pressure commonly used in meterology. 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 0.1 kPa = 1 hPa (hectopascal) B. Unit of pressures often used in meteorology. One hectopascal is equivalent to one millibar; one standard atmosphere is exactly equal to 1013.25 hPa. One hectopascal corresponds to about 0.1% of atmospheric pressure near sea level (Wikipedia). C. The bar (symbol: bar) is a unit of pressure equal to 100 kilopascals, and roughly equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level. It is not an SI or cgs units, but accepted for use with the SI. The bar is widely used in descriptions of pressure because it is only about 1% smaller than ""standard"" atmospheric pressure, and is legally recognized in countries of the European Union. Common derivatives are millibar (meteorology) and decibar (oceanography) D. Ratio of two quantities as percent composition (1:100).",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Millibar,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#Millibar 1_1_a5iugndu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'landmass'?","A. Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. B. Land which has elevated levels of some contaminants or substances that are potentially hazardous to health or the environment. C. Land which is below the freezing point of water. D. A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,landmass,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001782 1_1_tgj2pxcd,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Calculate mean of bunch/palm/year'?","A. Count plants shortly after planting B. Count of surviving trees. Also state date in AccInventDt_Date C. Count items D. Record number of bunches/palm/year measured on each harvest during 4 consecutives years. Harvest frequency is bimonthly for Talls and hybrids, monthly for Dwarfs. Perform on at least 30 palm, calculate mean.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Calculate mean of bunch/palm/year,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000395 1_1_7fliyyb6,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'stress regime'?","A. The Galapagos Triple Junction is a geological area in the eastern Pacific Ocean several hundred miles west of the Galapagos Islands where three tectonic plates - the Cocos Plate, the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate - meet. [Wikipedia] B. A rift is a place where the Earth's crust and lithosphere are being pulled apart[1] and is an example of extensional tectonics. [Wikipedia] C. The boundary between the crust and mantle is conventionally placed at the Mohorovi_i_ discontinuity, a boundary defined by a contrast in seismic velocity. [Wikipedia] D. Stress regimes are shear zones. A shear zone or shear is a wide zone of distributed shearing in rock. Typically this is a type of fault but it may be difficult to place a distinct fault plane into the shear zone. Shear zones may form zones of much more intense foliation, deformation, and folding. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,stress regime,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandTectonic/StressRegime 1_1_aq7r3hfa,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained'?","A. A data item that is the number of important others in a person's environmental system. B. A data item that is the number of important others who smoke tobacco in a person's social environment. C. The aggregate of biological mother in a population. D. A data item that is about an intervention and is the estimated financial cost of delivering that intervention to a population in a setting in order to gain one QALY in the population.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000475 1_1_5n73cmsc,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary spermatocyte'?","A. A diploid cell that has derived from a spermatogonium and can subsequently begin meiosis and divide into two haploid secondary spermatocytes. B. A male germ cell that develops from spermatogonia. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to spermatids. C. An emission or expulsion of air from the vagina. It may occur during or after sexual intercourse or during other sexual acts, stretching or exercise. The sound is somewhat comparable to flatulence from the anus but does not involve waste gases and thus often does not have a specific odor associated. D. One of the two haploid cells into which a primary spermatocyte divides, and which in turn gives origin to spermatids.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,secondary spermatocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000657 1_1_btpl7g93,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'toombak'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product, in which sun-dried, fermented, then ground and aged tobacco leaves are mixed with a solution of baking soda and water to create a moist form that can be rolled into a ball (called a saffa). B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which fine leaf tobacco dust is mixed with molasses, red soil, lime, and water to form a tobacco-based paste.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,toombak,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001012 1_1_699is8u0,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'long crested wave'?","A. A type of seismic surface wave having a horizontal motion that is shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. Its velocity depends only on density and rigidity modulus, and not on bulk modulus. It is named after A. E. H. Love, the English mathematician who discovered it. B. Rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, are surface waves that travel as ripples similar to those on the surface of water. The existence of these waves was predicted by John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, in 1885. They are slower than body waves, roughly 70% of the velocity of S waves, and have been asserted to be visible during an earthquake in an open space like a parking lot where the cars move up and down with the waves. Reports among seismologists suggest that the apparent motion may be due to distortion of the human eye during shaking. Anecdotally, placing people on shake tables causes the room to appear to ripple. In any case, waves of the reported amplitude, wavelength, and velocity of the visible waves have never been recorded instrumentally. C. Ocean surface waves that are nearly two-dimensional, in that the crests appear very long in comparison with the wavelength, and the energy propagation is concentrated in a narrow band around the mean wave direction. D. Surface waves are analogous to water waves and travel just under the Earth's surface. They travel more slowly than body waves. Because of their low frequency, long duration, and large amplitude, they can be the most destructive type of seismic wave. There are two types of surface waves: Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Theoretically, surface waves can be understood as systems of interacting P and/or S waves.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,long crested wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/LongCrestedWave 1_1_izaduie9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'caryopsis hull'?","A. A boat-shaped collective phyllome structure that consists of the two lowest petals of a papilionaceous corolla . B. A collective phyllome structure that encloses a fruit of the Poaceae (caryopsis) and develops from a dried lemma and palea. C. A collective phyllome structure composed all of the stamens in a flower . D. A collective phyllome structure composed of two or more phyllomes immediately outside the calyx .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,caryopsis hull,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006000 1_1_071f4ixw,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wall of outflow part of right atrium'?","A. Region of wall of right atrium which is continuous with the wall of right atrioventricular junction. B. Region of wall of right atrium which consists of the anterior wall proper, the wall of right auricle and the pectinate muscle of the right atrium. C. Region of wall of right atrium which consists of the lateral wall proper, the crista terminalis and the pectinate muscle of the right atrium. D. Region of wall of right atrium which separates the anterior wall of right atrium from the lateral wall of right atrium and is continuous with the valve of inferior vana cava.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Wall of outflow part of right atrium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13239 1_1_y547ms2g,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'red bone marrow of sternum'?","A. Red bone marrow located in an iliac crest. B. Red bone marrow located in the sternum. C. A subtype of renal cell carcinoma thought to originate from mature renal tubular cells in the proximal tubule of the nehpron. D. The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,red bone marrow of sternum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8410080 1_1_exi51njc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other disorders of the lung'?","A. respiratory disorder as a result of another disorder found elsewhere in the body B. when the alveoli (helps exchange oxygen in air for CO2), don't fill with air C. disorders affecting the lungs, ie asthma, COPD, influenza, etc. D. a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other disorders of the lung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000224 1_1_yb2awq78,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'activated type II NK T cell'?","A. An alpha-beta T cell expressing NK call markers that is CD1d restricted and expresses a diverse TCR repertoire. Type II NKT cells do not become activated by alpha-galactosylceramide when presented by CD1d. B. A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers. C. A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interferon-gamma, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers. D. A type II NK T cell that has been recently activated, secretes interleukin-4, and has the phenotype CD69-positive and downregulated NK markers.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,activated type II NK T cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000931 1_1_vcli20ae,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sepals enclosing meristem stage'?","A. Stage of calyx development that begins when the sepals enclose the floral bud. B. Stage of calyx development defined by differentiation and expansion of sepal. C. A determinate reproductive shoot system that has as part at least one carpel or at least one stamen and does not contain any other determinate shoot system as a part. D. Stage of calyx development that begins when the developing sepals enclose the floral meristem.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sepals enclosing meristem stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001378 1_1_71pj8tyr,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Subdiaphragmatic pre-aortic lymph node'?","A. Parietal para-aortic lymph node located around the abdominal aorta, between superior margin of inferior mesenteric artery and aortic bifurcation. B. Developmental organism during compaction of blastomeres. C. Parietal para-aortic lymph node located around the aortic hiatus of diaphragm. D. Part of cytoplasm of neuron which do not have Nissl bodies.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Subdiaphragmatic pre-aortic lymph node,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281254 1_1_vmvxi4ke,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotine replacement therapy product'?","A. A nicotine-containing product that is manufactured to enable users to absorb nicotine through the nasal mucosa. B. A nicotine-containing product that is designed to be held in the mouth or chewed so that nicotine is absorbed through the buccal mucosa. C. A product that includes or contains nicotine. D. A nicotine-containing product that some country has granted marketing authorisation as a medicine to replace nicotine from tobacco in an attempt to reduce or stop smoking.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotine replacement therapy product,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001139 1_1_nakqunjq,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'interleukin-18 receptor complex'?","A. A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. B. A protein complex that is formed by the association of a TGF-beta dimeric ligand with 2 molecules of each receptor molecule, TGF-beta type I receptor and TGF-beta type II receptor. The receptor molecules may form homo- or heterodimers but only once bound by the ligand. C. A heterodimeric complex between the tyrosine kinase receptor ERBB2 and a ligand-activated receptor ERBB3. ERBB2, which does not bind any known ligand, is activated through formation of a heterodimer with another ligand-activated ERBB family member such as ERBB3. D. A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,interleukin-18 receptor complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045092 1_1_g1e7n1pc,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ligand-gated ion channel'?","A. One of the distinct periods or stages into which the cell cycle is divided. Each phase is characterized by the occurrence of specific biochemical and morphological events. B. A role played by the entity which enables the facilitated diffusion of a potassium ion (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. C. A role played by the entity which enables the facilitated diffusion of an ion (by an energy-independent process) by passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. May be either selective (it enables passage of a specific ion only) or non-selective (it enables passage of two or more ions of same charge but different size). D. A role played by the entity which enables the transmembrane transfer of an ion by a channel that opens when a specific ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ligand-gated ion channel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TXPO_0003680 1_1_bos27b8j,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant essential hypertension DP'?","A. This term exists in ICD-9 but not ICD-10 B. A hypertensive disease that shows up with persistently elevated high blood pressure in the arteries, and has no identifiable cause. It does not include those hypertensive diseases complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. Note that the essential hypertension affects 95% of hypertensive patients. C. Heart conditions caused by high blood pressure D. This term exists in ICD-9 but not ICD-10",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,malignant essential hypertension DP,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000101 1_1_3i9mupos,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'intrinsic permeability'?","A. The rate of flow of water through a unit cross-sectional area under a unit hydraulic gradient at the prevailing temperature (field permeability coefficient) or adjusted to a temperature of 150C (60-F). B. The permeability measured when the rock contains only one fluid. C. The observed permeability of a porous medium to one fluid phase under conditions of physical interaction between this phase and other fluid phases present. D. A measure of the relative ease with which a porous medium can transmit a fluid under a potential gradient and is a property of the medium alone (after Lohman and others, 1972). The property of a porous medium itself that expresses the ease with which gases, liquids, or other substances can pass through it.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,intrinsic permeability,http://sweetontology.net/propMassFlux/IntrinsicPermeability 1_1_c8yd9d8j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pubo-urethral triangle'?","A. Subdivision of perineum, each instance of which is a region in some perineum bounded externally by some ischiocavernosus muscle, internally by some bulbocavernosus, and posteriorly by some transversus perinei superficialis. B. Tributary of great cerebral vein, each instance of which arises in some precentral cerebellar fissure and passing anterior and superior to some culmen. C. Regular connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts and of intercellular matrix, which contains elastic fiber bundles oriented predominantly in definable directions. D. Anatomical structure which is the aggregate material substance of an individual member of the human species. Examples: male human body and female human body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Pubo-urethral triangle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma0329293 1_1_71y9ub74,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Remedy'?","A. Class used to describe criteria that depend on a subjetive opinion. B. Class that defines the tenders excluded from the procurement procedure. C. Class to describe an award criterion and its score. D. Remedy lodged concerning a resolution about the procurement procedure.",D,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Remedy,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#Remedy 1_1_trl9zf89,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Synovial tendon sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis'?","A. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. B. Synovial tendon sheath, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some hand. C. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor carpi radialis longus muscles, passing into some hand on the lateral side of some wrist. D. Synovial tendon sheath of hand, each instance of which surrounds the tendon of some extensor carpi ulnaris muscle, passing into some hand on the medial side of some wrist.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Synovial tendon sheath of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma42193 1_1_dbszxjth,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Rmagpie'?","A. Routines for univariate and multivariate outlier detection with a focus on parametric methods, but support for some methods based on resistant statistics B. Functions for analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data at SIRS-Lab GmbH C. Microarray Classification is designed for both biologists and statisticians. It offers the ability to train a classifier on a labelled microarray dataset and to then use that classifier to predict the class of new observations. D. Gene selection based on a mixture of marginal distributions",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Rmagpie,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000362 1_1_i2918cbl,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Recurrent plantar mycosis'?","A. An increased susceptibility to candida infections, as manifested by a history of recurrent episodes of candida infections. B. A fungal infection of the toenails or fingernails that tends to cause the nails to thicken, discolor, disfigure, and split. C. Increased susceptibility to fungal infections, as manifested by multiple episodes of fungal infection. D. A history of repeated fungal infections located on the sole of the foot, usually manifested by scaling, maceration, and itching.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Recurrent plantar mycosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025472 1_1_5i14zme2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurotransmitter receptor activity. Modulation may be via an effect on ligand affinity, or effector function such as ion selectivity or pore opening/closing in ionotropic receptors. B. OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proteinase activated receptor activity. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n. D. OBSOLETE. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of histone H3-K27 methylation. Histone H3-K27 methylation is the modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 27 of the histone.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,obsolete regulation of proteinase activated receptor activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1900276 1_1_30b6jn34,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'multicellular trichome branch cell'?","A. A plant cell that is part of a multicellular trichome . B. A trichome cell that is part of a base of an axillary hair . C. A trichome cell that forms a branch of a multicellular trichome . D. A trichome cell that is the long terminal cell of an axillary hair .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,multicellular trichome branch cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025163 1_1_cu99pcim,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Organ region cluster'?","A. Anatomical cluster which has as its direct parts all or some members of one or more organ part types which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, internal nose, soft palate, wall of gut, periorbita. B. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some soft palate that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. C. Organ region cluster, each instance of which is a part of some secondary palate that is demarcated by either bona fide or fiat boundaries. D. Organ part cluster, which consists of some members of two or more organ subdivision subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, neurovascular bundle, renal pedicle, fascia of back.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Organ region cluster,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14462 1_1_rsbf3k1g,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor'?","A. A protein that is a translation product of the human MBP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human CD4 gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. CD4 is an accessory protein for MHC class-II antigen/T-cell receptor interaction. It is the primary receptor for HIV-1. CD4 has four immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region that share the same structure, but can differ in sequence. C. A protein that is a translation product of the human SPN gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. D. A protein with core architecture consisting of a signal sequence, followed by 7 Ig-like domains (Pfam:PF00047, Pfam:PF07679, or Pfam:PF07686), a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic Protein tyrosine kinase domain.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001971 1_1_8hva1if9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'holder of regulated occupation activity'?","A. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 3. B. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 5. C. A person who is the bearer of a disposition to perform a socially-sanctioned occupation activity D. An occupation holder with the job zone number of 4.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,holder of regulated occupation activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000114 1_1_rpu73jy7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone 18 of left marginal artery'?","A. Zone of left marginal artery which supplies the apical anterolateral zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 19 of left marginal artery. B. Zone of left marginal artery which supplies the mid anterolateral zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 6 and 16 of left marginal artery. C. Zone of left marginal artery which supplies the apical lateral zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zones 12 and 17 of left marginal artery. D. Zone of left marginal artery which supplies the inferoapical zone of myocardium of left ventricle.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone 18 of left marginal artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86537 1_1_ziuuh5ce,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'abnormal levels of other serum enzymes'?","A. Uremia resulting not from primary renal disease but from disturbances in circulation, fluid balance, or metabolism arising in other parts of the body. B. Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 400 mL/24 h or less than 17 mL/h in adults. Anuria is defined as urine output that is less than 100 mL/24 h or 0 mL/12 h. C. A disorder characterized by elevation of the body's temperature above the upper limit of normal D. this abnormal level indicates damage to the liver",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,abnormal levels of other serum enzymes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000415 1_1_92ua3obg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'tex'?","A. PostScript is a format used for describing documents. B. tex is a format for documents written in the document markup language and document preparation system LaTeX. C. PDF is an open standard for document exchange. D. An planned process that creates images, diagrams or animations from the input data.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,tex,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/data/SWO_3000025 1_1_63hjldl3,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons'?","A. The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve. B. The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve. C. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism using a cysteine residue at the enzyme active center, and requiring the presence of calcium. D. The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048932 1_1_h20s2kw1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes ''CGHcall''?","A. The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) represents the largest public repository of microarray data. However, finding data of interest can be challenging using current tools. GEOmetadb is an attempt to make access to the metadata associated with samples, platforms, and datasets much more feasible. This is accomplished by parsing all the NCBI GEO metadata into a SQLite database that can be stored and queried locally. GEOmetadb is simply a thin wrapper around the SQLite database along with associated documentation. Finally, the SQLite database is updated regularly as new data is added to GEO and can be downloaded at will for the most up-to-date metadata. B. This package provides fine grained annotation of Affymetrix exon arrays, including mappings between the array probes and probesets and the Ensembl exons, transcripts and genes they target. C. Calls aberrations for array CGH data using a six state mixture model as well as several biological concepts that are ignored by existing algorithms. Visualization of profiles is also provided. D. Two-stage measurement error model for correlation estimation with smaller bias than the usual sample correlation",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,'CGHcall',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100120 1_1_30uyct2m,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'secondary school teacher, except special or career/technical education'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate entertainment and recreational activities and operations of a recreational facility, including cruise ships and parks. B. Teach one or more subjects to students at the secondary school level. C. Design and develop solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions. D. Implement production processes and operate commercial-scale production equipment to produce, test, or modify materials, devices, or systems of unique molecular or macromolecular composition. Operate advanced microscopy equipment to manipulate nanoscale objects. Work under the supervision of nanoengineering staff.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"secondary school teacher, except special or career/technical education",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25203100 1_1_88i4g49i,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'tract of diencephalon'?","A. An axon tract that is part of a diencephalon. B. A commissure that is part of a diencephalon. C. White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to other parts of the brain. D. Part of the corticospinal tract located in the spinal cord, formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column (Adapted from Brain Info).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,tract of diencephalon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011591 1_1_r6u5bimg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'diagram'?","A. A diagram that presents one or more tuples of information by mapping those tuples in to a two dimensional space in a non arbitrary way. B. A figure that expresses one or more propositions C. An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. D. An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,diagram,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000309 1_1_zuda0e6t,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'T cell secretory granule organization'?","A. The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi. B. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. C. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. D. A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,T cell secretory granule organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033371 1_1_vzs7zde9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type B3'?","A. A congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of muscular dystrophy with mental retardation and structural brain abnormalities that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the LARGE gene on chromosome 22q12. B. A muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type B that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the POMGNT1 gene on chromosome 1p34.1. C. A muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type B that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the POMT2 gene on chromosome 14q24.3. D. A congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance of muscular dystrophy with variable penetrance of intellectual disability and structural brain abnormalities that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FKRP gene on chromosome 19q13.3.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy type B3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112378 1_1_e2sv2ujm,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cleaner of vehicles or equipment'?","A. Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair, or overhaul recreational vehicles including travel trailers. May specialize in maintaining gas, electrical, hydraulic, plumbing, or chassis/towing systems as well as repairing generators, appliances, and interior components. Includes workers who perform customized van conversions. B. Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers. C. Perform precision assembling or adjusting, within narrow tolerances, of timing devices such as digital clocks or timing devices with electrical or electronic components. D. Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. Use such materials as water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cleaner of vehicles or equipment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53706100 1_1_1pgvjbmf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'edible seed food product'?","A. A food product derived from Theobroma cacao. B. An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. C. A product made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white or yellow mustard, Sinapis hirta; brown or Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra). D. SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,edible seed food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03304497 1_1_wy6s1a1p,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pack years'?","A. A data item which is about the amount of cigarette smoking that a person does and is the number of packs of cigarettes smoked by a person per day. B. A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes. C. A number denoting a quantity of cigarette smoking made up of the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number packs of 20 cigarettes smoked on average per day over that period. D. A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pack years,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000695 1_1_fcjm352t,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'submandibular gland primordium epithelium'?","A. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. B. Mesenchyme that is part of a sublingual gland primordium. C. A single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube along the entire anterior-posterior axis. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells. D. An epithelium that is part of a submandibular gland primordium.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,submandibular gland primordium epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006957 1_1_pw621hje,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'head external integument structure'?","A. Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. B. Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. C. The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. D. Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,head external integument structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000972 1_1_8iry9k6y,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical informatics'?","A. The science underlying the acquisition, maintenance, retrieval, and application of medical knowledge and information to improve patient care, medical education, and health sciences research. B. The application of informatics methods in clinical settings to manage medical information and improve healthcare. C. The application of informatics methods to manage nursing information and improve healthcare. D. The field of science and engineering that aims at developing methods and technologies for the acquisition, processing, and study of patient data, which can come from different sources and modalities, such as electronic health records, diagnostic test results, medical scans. The health domain provides an extremely wide variety of problems that can be tackled using computational techniques.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,clinical informatics,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011180 1_1_iuzjx2p1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'bromobiphenyl'?","A. A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups. B. An aminopyrimidine that is 2,4-diaminopyrimidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a 4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl group. C. A bromoarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more bromo groups. D. A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid with the amino group of [biphenyl]-2-amine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,bromobiphenyl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134047 1_1_8wsotr59,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Seborrheic dermatitis'?","A. Seborrheic dermatitis that is not localized to any one particular region. B. Stasis dermatitis commonly occurs in older age. It is caused by venous hypertension resulting from retrograde flow due to incompetent venous valves, valve destruction, or obstruction of the venous system. Further tissue changes arise from an inflammatory process mediated by metalloproteinases, which are up-regulated by ferric ion from extravasated red blood cells. Stasis dermatitis presents initially as poorly demarcated erythematous plaques of the lower legs bilaterally, classically involving the medial malleolus. C. Seborrheic dermatitis is a form of eczema which is closely related to dandruff. It causes dry or greasy peeling of the scalp, eyebrows, and face, and sometimes trunk. D. A type of eczema that occurs in the lips and perioral area.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Seborrheic dermatitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001051 1_1_l1u5oc2q,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'batholith'?","A. [Pluton] Igneous intrusion - A sill is a tabular pluton that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or even along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. The term sill is synonymous with concordant intrusive sheet. This means that the sill does not cut across preexisting rocks, in contrast to dikes, which do cut across older rocks. [Wikipedia] B. #Aseismic C. A batholith is a large emplacement of igneous intrusive (also called plutonic) rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite (see also granite dome).There is also an important geographic usage of the term batholith. For a geographer, a batholith is an exposed area of mostly continuous plutonic rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers. [Wikipedia] D. Dikes, long, planar (sheet) igneous intrusions, enter along cracks, and therefore often form in large numbers in areas that are being actively deformed. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,batholith,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/Batholith 1_1_x1dhgop0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'financial quantitative analyst'?","A. Develop quantitative techniques to inform securities investing, equities investing, pricing, or valuation of financial instruments. Develop mathematical or statistical models for risk management, asset optimization, pricing, or relative value analysis. B. Diagnose, treat, rehabilitate, design, and fit prostheses that maintain oral function, health, and appearance for patients with clinical conditions associated with teeth, oral and maxillofacial tissues, or the jaw. C. Teach academic, social, and life skills to preschool-aged students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities. D. Study the chemical composition or physical principles of living cells and organisms, their electrical and mechanical energy, and related phenomena. May conduct research to further understanding of the complex chemical combinations and reactions involved in metabolism, reproduction, growth, and heredity. May determine the effects of foods, drugs, serums, hormones, and other substances on tissues and vital processes of living organisms.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,financial quantitative analyst,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13209901 1_1_rymjt161,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'group'?","A. Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. B. A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. C. Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. D. A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,group,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 1_1_mkqr26rc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco-containing product user'?","A. A person who does not currently report smoking tobacco. B. A person that reports using snus. C. A person who uses tobacco-containing products. D. A person living with tuberculosis.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco-containing product user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000849 1_1_q18flqbj,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'scutellum epidermis'?","A. A portion of shoot system epidermis that has as parts two guard cells and a stomatal pore . May also contain subsidiary cells . B. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of the scutellum . C. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a nectary . D. A portion of shoot system epidermis that is part of a phyllome .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,scutellum epidermis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006049 1_1_1nfnngzm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant callus'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the outer layer of a pericarp . B. A portion of plant tissue that is the region in a plant ovule where the integuments and the nucellus join with the funicule . C. A portion of plant tissue that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells . D. A portion of plant tissue which is composed of highly vacuolated cells forming closely-packed, club-shaped sacs with long slender stalks and containing juice.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant callus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0005052 1_1_kn2k61bj,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation'?","A. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the mesonephric renal vesicle. B. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephric renal vesicle. C. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the renal vesicle. D. A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephric renal vesicle formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072285 1_1_ptieqt9f,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'transverse pericardial sinus'?","A. The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia -i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside.[WP,unvetted]. B. There are two Pericardial sinuses: transverse and oblique. The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium and is known as the oblique sinus. The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardiabi.e. , between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behindbis termed the transverse sinus. Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside. Can be used to pass ligature during cardiac surgery. C. The change in morphology and behavior of a granulocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor. D. The cul-de-sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium.[WP,unvetted].",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,transverse pericardial sinus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002248 1_1_idufzbq2,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ice field'?","A. A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. B. A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. C. A mass of water ice. D. A field which is composed primarily of gravel.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ice field,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000299 1_1_aaqom5k9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'postprocedural heart failure following cardiac surgery'?","A. heart failure following heart surgery B. Infection in the body found after a procedure C. Also called coronary artery disease, describes heart problems caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart. D. Pathologic process consisting of a partial or complete disruption of the layers of a surgical wound.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,postprocedural heart failure following cardiac surgery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000600 1_1_zqr1pcct,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'disorientation, unspecified'?","A. difficulty feeding oneself B. A disorder characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior. C. A sudden movement downward (fall), usually resulting in injury. D. The feeling of being anger or irritated",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"disorientation, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000535 1_1_rc1vdhgm,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphotyrosyl groups formed as covalent intermediates (in DNA backbone breakage) between a DNA topoisomerase and DNA. B. Catalysis of the transfer of a beta-D-glucosyl residue from UDP-glucose to a hydroxymethylcytosine residue in DNA. C. Catalysis of the removal of a methyl group from one or more nucleosides within a DNA molecule. D. Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphatidylcholine + H2O = choline + a phosphatidate.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070259 1_1_w9c3m29x,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'antheridium head'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and has as parts a cambium and adjacent cells. B. A cardinal organ part that is an appendage at the base of a vascular leaf. C. A disk-shaped cardinal organ part that is the apical portion of an antheridiophore and bears antheridia . D. A cardinal organ part that is a projection on a phyllome margin for which the corresponding phyllome sinus extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,antheridium head,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030075 1_1_lgt28543,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of ARF protein signal transduction'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of ARF protein signal transduction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032012 1_1_1ehe8k67,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'allergy status to other antibiotic agents status'?","A. patient has vascular implants/grafts B. low amount of income (financial) C. removal of organ (surgery/injury) D. when immune system reacts to a foreign substance or food that doesn't cause a reaction in most people",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,allergy status to other antibiotic agents status,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000373 1_1_jcq5x4mg,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'moraine'?","A. A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. Sediment locked within the ice of the glacier gets transported by the streams of meltwater and deposits on the outwash plain at the terminus of the glacier. B. An amphitheatre-like valley head, formed at the head of a valley glacier by erosion. C. An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depresson on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited with further melting.[Wikipedia] D. Any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,moraine,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandGlacial/Moraine 1_1_js89qwvr,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of tobacco smoking cessation attempts in the past year'?","A. A data item that is about how many times the person has attempted to stop tobacco smoking in the past year. B. A data item that is about human age and is expressed in years rounded down. C. A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population. D. A data item which indicates the number of puffs taken per day by a person on a e-cigarette.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of tobacco smoking cessation attempts in the past year,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001333 1_1_8duy5fxd,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'red toothpowder'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of finely ground tobacco , chewing gum base and xylitol. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of moist finely ground tobacco that is packaged into small teabag like sachets. C. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for nasal use, in which tobacco is processed into dry fine powder. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which tobacco, herbs and flavourings are mixed to form a fine red powder.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,red toothpowder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000999 1_1_xddacoof,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'anteroventral plate'?","A. Dermal canal-bearing bone placed at the dorso-posterior region of the skull roof, lying on the posterior region of the pterotic and parietals, or the pterotic and epioccipital, or on the pterotic, epioccipital and occipital bones. B. Dermal bone on the margin of the scapula. The cleithrum is attached to the skull in fishes, but free from the latter in amphibians and disappears early in the evolution of reptiles. C. Dermal bone that is part of the scapular complex in placoderms, located in the ventral armour adjacent to the interolateral (IL) and anterior ventrolateral (AVL) plates. D. Dermal bone of the secondary pectoral girdle that attaches the girdle to the skull. Its dorsal process attaches to the epiotic or epioccipital, the ventral process to the intercalar and the body articulates with the supracleithrum. The postotic sensory canal or lateral line runs within or lateral to bone.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,anteroventral plate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4300022 1_1_cscbzgvf,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bile acid metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-). C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bile acid metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008206 1_1_w3x049dd,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of T-helper cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of T-helper cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045622 1_1_f48bn3wi,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'industrial production manager'?","A. Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions, improve existing computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software. B. Conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal. C. Plan, direct, or coordinate the work activities and resources necessary for manufacturing products in accordance with cost, quality, and quantity specifications. D. Apply knowledge of health care and database management to analyze clinical data, and to identify and report trends.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,industrial production manager,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11305100 1_1_0640jh6u,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Random effects model'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Random effects model,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000336 1_1_e0nt04mv,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger'?","A. Absence of the epiphyses of the 2nd finger. B. Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger. C. Fragmented appearance of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger. D. Absence of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 5th finger.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Absent epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 2nd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009502 1_1_u8rii7kw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ancient Roman religion'?","A. A religious and esoteric tradition based primarily upon writings attributed to Hermes Trismegistus (""thrice-greatest Hermes""). B. The ancestral ethnic religion of the city of Rome that the Romans used to define themselves as a people, as well as the religious practices of peoples brought under Roman rule, in so far as they became widely followed in Rome and Italy. The Romans thought of themselves as highly religious, and attributed their success as a world power to their collective piety (pietas) in maintaining good relations with the gods. The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists. C. The collection of beliefs, rituals, and mythology originating in ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. These groups varied enough for it to be possible to speak of Greek religions or ""cults"" in the plural, though most of them shared similarities. D. A collection of religious ideas and systems which originated in the first century AD among early Christian and Jewish sects. These various groups emphasised personal spiritual knowledge (gnosis) over the orthodox teachings, traditions, and authority of the church. Viewing material existence as flawed or evil, Gnostic cosmogony generally presents a distinction between a supreme, hidden God and a malevolent lesser divinity (sometimes associated with the Yahweh of the Old Testament) who is responsible for creating the material universe. Gnostics considered the principal element of salvation to be direct knowledge of the supreme divinity in the form of mystical or esoteric insight. Many Gnostic texts deal not in concepts of sin and repentance, but with illusion and enlightenment.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Ancient Roman religion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009683 1_1_xf81363y,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'internal iliac artery'?","A. The external iliac artery is a large artery in the pelvic region that carries blood to the lower limb. The external iliac artery is a paired artery, meaning there is one on each side of the body: a right external iliac artery and left external iliac artery. The external iliac artery is accompanied by the external iliac vein, which is located posterior to the artery. [WP,unvetted]. B. The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis. [WP,unvetted]. C. The common iliac arteries are two large arteries, about 4cm long in adults but more than a centimetre in diameter, that originate from the aortic bifurcation. The arteries run inferolaterally, along the medial border of the psoas muscles to the pelvic brim, where they bifurcate into the external iliac artery and internal iliac artery. The common iliac artery, and all of its branches, exist as paired structures (that is to say, there is one on the left side and one on the right). The distribution of the common iliac artery is basically the pelvis and lower limb on the corresponding side. Both common iliac arteries are accompanied along their course by common iliac veins. [WP,unvetted]. D. Any of the arteries that arise from a bifurcation of the aorta supplying the pelvic or abdomen. Examples: Common iliac artery, External iliac artery, Internal iliac artery.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,internal iliac artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001309 1_1_840oaa9q,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'BCRANK''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'BCRANK',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000050 1_1_8z61ica9,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'tracheid'?","A. A native plant cell that has a lignified cell wall with secondary thickening and bordered pits. B. A tracheary element that has no perforations in its cell wall. C. A tracheary element that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue . D. A tracheid PO:0000301 that is part of a portion of secondary xylem tissue .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,tracheid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000301 1_1_wxfv2g8q,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Free'?","A. Not Free is a type of purchase cost clause which, when applied, means that there is a cost for the users of the resource to which the license is attached. This clause can be combined with other clauses (such as usage clauses) to specify that only certain usages incur a purchase cost. B. A package for processing protein mass spectrometry data. C. Free is a type of purchase cost clause which, when applied, means that there is no cost for the users of the resource to which the license is attached. This clause can be combined with other clauses (such as usage clauses) to specify that only certain usages are free. D. Purchase cost is a license clause which states whether there is a cost involved with a particular usage or licensing of a resource.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Free,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000059 1_1_czybsw2l,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Birth'?","A. This class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing and the creation of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing that preserves recognizable substance and structure from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature or identity. Although the old and the new instances of E18 Physical Thing are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E18 Physical Thing(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance and structure. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history. Even though such instances of E81 Transformation are often motivated by a change of intended use, substantial material changes should justify the documentation of the result as a new instance of E18 Physical Thing and not just the change of function. The latter may be documented as an extended activity (instance of E7 Activity) of using it.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living being.) Twins, triplets, etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood since the advent of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises events that bring into existence any instance of E77 Persistent Item. It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E67 Birth,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E67_Birth 1_1_4nyz65aa,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Premature loss of teeth'?","A. The presence of an altered number of of teeth. B. An abnormality of tooth eruption. C. Exfoliation of a tooth more than 2 SD earlier than the normal age for the deciduous teeth and not related to traume or neglect. Exfoliation of a permanent tooth is per se abnormal. D. An abnormality of the structure or composition of the teeth.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Premature loss of teeth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006480 1_1_3inj7ayt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tela choroidea of fourth ventricle'?","A. Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line. B. Tela chorioidea that lines the fourth ventricle[ZFA]. The tela chorioidea of the fourth ventricle is the name applied to the triangular fold of pia mater which is carried upward between the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. It consists of two layers, which are continuous with each other in front, and are more or less adherent throughout: The posterior layer covers the antero-inferior surface of the cerebellum. The anterior layer is applied to the structures which form the lower part of the roof of the ventricle, and is continuous inferiorly with the pia mater on the inferior peduncles and closed part of the medulla[WP]. C. The elastic, clear, membrane-like structure, that is outer most layer of the lens. D. Any of the layers that make up the retina[MP].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tela choroidea of fourth ventricle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005287 1_1_m4cosye4,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'time unit'?","A. A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure. B. A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence. C. A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points. D. A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of matter/energy of a physical object.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,time unit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UO_0000003 1_1_13jl2nu1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxidative stress'?","A. The organic response of tissues to external insult, injury or underlying genetic or epigenetic lesion. B. A reduction in size of organs or tissues as a result of cell death, loss of cellularity of whatever cause, reduced cellular proliferation or decreased cellular volume. C. Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies. D. condition characterized by an accumulation of free radical groups in the body, which creates a potentially unstable and damaging cellular environment linked to tissue damage, accelerated aging, and degenerative disease; can result from many factors, including exposure to alcohol, medications, poor nutrition, trauma, cold or toxins; may be indicated by low antioxidant levels measured in blood plasma",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,oxidative stress,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MP_0003674 1_1_ih58k2hs,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Exocanthion'?","A. Anatomical point of face at the junction of upper lip and lower lip. It is the lateral point of labial fissure. B. Anatomical point of face located at apex of lateral palpebral commissure. C. Anatomical point of face at the junction of lateral crest of philtrum and vermilion of upper lip. D. Anatomical point of face located at center of nasobuccal fissure.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Exocanthion,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma281676 1_1_k54ms2hl,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellobiose transport'?","A. The directed movement of lactose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals. B. The directed movement of a sophoroseacetate into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of trehalose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Trehalose is a disaccharide that consists of two molecules of glucose and is isomeric with sucrose. D. The directed movement of cellobiose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellobiose transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019533 1_1_cnerzh7l,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lost fishing gear'?","A. Abandoned fishing gear which was unintentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. B. A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. C. Abandoned fishing gear which was intentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. D. Fishing gear which is not under the control of or maintained by its custodian.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lost fishing gear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105118 1_1_pbsyscpv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Buddhism'?","A. An Indian monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century. B. An ancient Indian religion. Followers of Jainism are called ""Jains"", a word derived from the Sanskrit word jina (victor) referring to the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths by destroying karma through an ethical and spiritual life. Jainism is a transtheistic religion, and Jains trace their spiritual ideas and history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviours and teachers known as tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who according to Jain tradition lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third Tirthankara Parshvanatha in 900 BCE, and the twenty-fourth Tirthankara the Mahāvīra around 500 BCE. C. Any of various religions originating on the Indian subcontinent. D. The world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists. Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies. It originated in ancient India as a Sramana tradition sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, spreading through much of Asia.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,Buddhism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007382 1_1_43b0z1qf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf trichome length - Estimation'?","A. Observe leaf trichome length and rate it. B. Observe leaf colour and rate it. C. Observe the host reaction to pod borers, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible. D. Terminal leaflet length†usually recorded for the leaf at fourth node.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf trichome length - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_346:0000166 1_1_pcd8asb4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bullying in academia'?","A. A form of workplace bullying which takes places in the institutions of higher education, such as colleges and universities in a wide range of actions. B. A persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes either physical or emotional harm. It can include such tactics as verbal, nonverbal, psychological, physical abuse and humiliation. C. Bullying of persons in the medical profession. D. Bullying of persons in the teaching profession.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bullying in academia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_006460 1_1_uehy0u4s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal arch artery 5'?","A. The vessels formed within the third pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. B. The vessels formed within the fifth pair of pharyngeal arches in embryogenesis. C. The vessels formed within the first pair of branchial arches in embryogenesis. D. One of a series of paired embryological vascular structures formed within a pharyngeal arch; in the adult, some of these vessels give rise to the great vessels[MP].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pharyngeal arch artery 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003122 1_1_zh6yvlho,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lactose binding'?","A. Binding to a disaccharide. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units. B. Binding to maltose. C. Binding to melibiose. D. Binding to lactose, a disaccharide of glucose and galactose, the carbohydrate of milk.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lactose binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030395 1_1_5ej9ly90,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tertiary granule lumen'?","A. Any membrane-enclosed lumen that is part of a tertiary granule. B. An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle. C. The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane. D. The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tertiary granule lumen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904724 1_1_qvjjen06,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wet weight of combined subplots - Measurement'?","A. Direct measurement of the dry weight of the entire plot B. Direct measurement of the wet weight of all sampled 1cm subplots C. Direct measurement of the dried weight of a tissue sample D. Direct measurement of the wet weight of a tissue sample",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Wet weight of combined subplots - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_360:0000280 1_1_54jbiqod,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'French'?","A. An ethnic group native to England who speak the English language. B. A Romance ethnic group who are identified with the country of France. This connection may be ethnic, legal, historical, or cultural. C. An East Slavic ethnic group and nation native to European Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe (some territories of the former Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire), the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The majority of ethnic Russians live in the Russian Federation, notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. D. A Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history and diverse culture.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,French,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002756 1_1_7fjkl9xn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'thymocyte aggregation'?","A. The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules. B. The adhesion of one thymocyte (an immature T cell) to one or more other thymocytes via adhesion molecules. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-tyrosine. D. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye retinal cell apoptotic process.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,thymocyte aggregation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071594 1_1_tjg4xmhe,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lake coast'?","A. A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. B. A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. C. The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. D. The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lake coast,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000688 1_1_sotwce45,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'GeneSelectMMD'?","A. Reverse engineering of molecular regulatory networks with qp-graphs B. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read GeneTraffic specific data from a project summary zip file and covert them to BioConductor objects (for 1 color projects affy's ExpressionSet, for 2 color projects marray's marrayRaw) C. The splots package provides the plotScreen function for the visualization of for high-throughput assays in microtitre plate or chamber slide format. D. Gene selection based on a mixture of marginal distributions",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,GeneSelectMMD,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000191 1_1_qwvhyi8f,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'monochlorobenzenes'?","A. Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine. B. An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. C. A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. It is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist. Besides its antagonistic properties, numerous studies have shown that, at micromolar concentrations rimonabant behaves as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. The drug was the first selective CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist introduced into clinical practice to treat obesity and metabolic-related disorders. It was later withdrawn from market due to CNS-related adverse effects including depression and suicidal ideation. D. Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,monochlorobenzenes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83403 1_1_9armdoh9,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'osteogenesis imperfecta type 4'?","A. An osteogenesis imperfecta that is characterized by bone fragility and normal sclerae and has_material_basis_in dominantly inherited mutations in the COL1A1 gene on chromosome 17q21.33 or the COL1A2 gene on chromosome 7q21.3. B. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SPARC gene on chromosome 5q33. C. An osteochondrodysplasia that has_material_basis_in a deficiency in type-I collagen which results_in brittle bones and defective connective tissue. D. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in contiguous gene deletion on chromosome 11p11.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,osteogenesis imperfecta type 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110340 1_1_6o6fsgpb,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'respiratory disorders in other diseases classified elsewhere'?","A. a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. B. respiratory disorder as a result of another disorder found elsewhere in the body C. a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus called SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). D. disease of the bronchus",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,respiratory disorders in other diseases classified elsewhere,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000573 1_1_exfn0xwi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'head wind'?","A. The mean wind-shear vector in geostrophic balance with the gradient of mean temperature of a layer bounded by two isobaric surfaces. B. A wind that opposes the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's airspeed greater than its groundspeed; the opposite of a tailwind. C. The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind D. General term for winds characterized by intense heat and low relative humidity, such as summertime desert winds or an extreme foehn.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,head wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/HeadWind 1_1_rdjfo0fw,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'jet stream axis'?","A. In a Back-arc basin the arc axis is the line where spreading occurs on the overlying plate of the subduction zone. [Wikipedia] B. The axis of maximum wind speed in a jet stream. C. A batholith is a large emplacement of igneous intrusive (also called plutonic) rock that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust. Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite (see also granite dome).There is also an important geographic usage of the term batholith. For a geographer, a batholith is an exposed area of mostly continuous plutonic rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers. [Wikipedia] D. Plate divergence is the phenomena of plates drifting apart [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,jet stream axis,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/JetStreamAxis 1_1_ejc9nlc1,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Authority Document'?","A. This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy). In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects”, i.e. naturally defined objects (Smith & Varzi, 2000). The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which they can be held responsible.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality. These propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the concept “document” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.Examples:In First Order Logic:",B,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E32 Authority Document,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E32_Authority_Document 1_1_95ksjdv4,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'fenestrated endothelial cell'?","A. A capillary endothelial cell that is part of the choroid plexus, characterized by its fenestrated nature with 60 to 80 nm fenestrations and lack of tight junctions. This fenestrated structure allows for the rapid delivery of water and other components, aiding in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). B. An endothelial cell that has small pores, or fenestrations, which allow for the efficient exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues. C. A capillary endothelial cell that is part of the intestinal villus. This cell is highly fenestrated, with fenestrations most numerous at the villus tips, and plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and maintaining the selective permeability of the intestinal barrier. D. An endothelial cell that is part of the small intestine Peyer's patch.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,fenestrated endothelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000666 1_1_6jxoshi7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptide hormone'?","A. Any carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide. B. A polypeptide hormone produced and secreted by the pituitary gland comprising 39 amino acid residues coupled in a linear sequence. The N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Corticotropin stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland and boosts the synthesis of corticosteroids, mainly glucocorticoids but also sex steroids (androgens). It is used in the treatment of certain neurological disorders such as infantile spasms and multiple sclerosis, and diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency. C. A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, glycyl, leucyl, arginyl, prolyl and glycinamide residues joined in sequence. D. Any peptide with hormonal activity in animals, whether endocrine, neuroendocrine, or paracrine.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,peptide hormone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25905 1_1_gzri05q7,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Zone of left diagonal artery'?","A. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the mid and apical anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. B. Zone of left diagonal artery which supplies the mid anterior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 13 of left diagonal artery. C. Zone of left coronary artery which supplies the basal, mid, apical inferior zones and the basal and mid inferolateral zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the left coronary artery. D. Zone of left diagonal artery which supplies the apical anterior zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 7 of left diagonal artery.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Zone of left diagonal artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86506 1_1_zo4a7804,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'indifference'?","A. Indifference is an emotion characterized by lack of interest, concern, or sympathy. B. Negative emotion is an emotion that does not feel good. C. A positive emotion is an emotion that feels good. D. An emotion is a process (experience) that arises internally or from an involuntary physiological response to a stimulus.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,indifference,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000847 1_1_uvdym2ox,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior chamber cells grade 3+'?","A. Anterior chamber cells with 16-25 cells in a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam field, employing adequate light intensity and magnification on a slit lamp. B. Anterior chamber cells with 26-50 cells in a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam field, employing adequate light intensity and magnification on a slit lamp. C. Anterior chamber cells with less than one cell in a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam field, employing adequate light intensity and magnification on a slit lamp. D. Anterior chamber cells with 6-15 cells in a 1 mm by 1 mm slit beam field, employing adequate light intensity and magnification on a slit lamp.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Anterior chamber cells grade 3+,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025565 1_1_i751b68c,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'labia minora cancer'?","A. A vulva cancer that has_material_basis_in glandular tissue. B. A vulva cancer that is located_in the labium minora. C. A vulva cancer that has_material_basis_in melanocytes. D. A vulva cancer that is located_in the labium majus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,labia minora cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1243 1_1_6w6vg1ep,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Increased VLDL cholesterol concentration'?","A. An increase in the amount of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. B. The concentration of lipoprotein(a) in the blood circulation is outside the limits of normal. C. An elevated concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood. D. Increased plasma concentrations of chylomicrons, the large lipid droplet (up to 100 mm in diameter) of reprocessed lipid synthesized in epithelial cells of the small intestine and containing triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and several apolipoproteins.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Increased VLDL cholesterol concentration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003362 1_1_iqwq3rzh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'chaplaincy unit facility'?","A. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide surgical services. B. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide physiotherapy. C. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nondemoninational religious services. D. A hospital unit facility which is used to provide urological medicine services.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,chaplaincy unit facility,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501140 1_1_7e6wlw9m,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ACE inhibitor therapy'?","A. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Inhibition of ACE results in a reduction in angiotensin II and angiotensin II-induced aldosterone secretion, causing vasodilation and natriuresis. B. Use of a drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. C. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. D. Use of a drug that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ACE inhibitor therapy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAXO_0000652 1_1_9vztljf5,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'low vision therapist, orientation or mobility specialist, or vision rehabilitation therapist'?","A. Apply knowledge of general preventive medicine and public health issues to promote health care to groups or individuals, and aid in the prevention or reduction of risk of disease, injury, disability, or death. May practice population-based medicine or diagnose and treat patients in the context of clinical health promotion and disease prevention. B. Provide therapy to patients with visual impairments to improve their functioning in daily life activities. May train patients in activities such as computer use, communication skills, or home management skills. C. Study human society and social behavior by examining the groups and social institutions that people form, as well as various social, religious, political, and business organizations. May study the behavior and interaction of groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members. D. Conduct hearings to recommend or make decisions on claims concerning government programs or other government-related matters. Determine liability, sanctions, or penalties, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims or settlements.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"low vision therapist, orientation or mobility specialist, or vision rehabilitation therapist",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29112201 1_1_2qop5wri,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'connective'?","A. A cardinal organ part that is a single lobe of a peristome. B. The part of the stamen that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs. C. A cardinal organ part that develops from an archegonium and is a cap or hood enclosing the sporangium (syn: spore capsule; PO:0025094). D. The basal part of a phyllome , where it attaches to a shoot axis .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,connective,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009068 1_1_najde6y6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'computer occupation, all other'?","A. Design and develop solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions. B. Assist scientists or related professionals in building, maintaining, modifying, or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases. May also perform some custom application development or provide user support. C. All computer occupations not listed separately. D. Maintain and support distributed and decentralized blockchain-based networks or block-chain applications such as cryptocurrency exchange, payment processing, document sharing, and digital voting. Design and deploy secure block-chain design patterns and solutions over geographically distributed networks using advanced technologies. May assist with infrastructure setup and testing for application transparency and security.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"computer occupation, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_15129900 1_1_757rr0hq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'accessibility of a service'?","A. An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to acquire a product. B. A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. C. Accessibility of a service in which the service is addiction treatment. D. An environmental disposition that is the extent to which an environment enables people in that environment to receive a service.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,accessibility of a service,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000444 1_1_23jy9s4w,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition'?","A. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. B. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to staging of regional lymph nodes. C. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of lung cancer following the rules of the TNM AJCC v7 classification system as they pertain to distant metastases. TNM pathologic distant metastasis findings are based on clinical findings supplemented by histopathologic examination of one or more tissue specimens acquired during surgery. D. A categorical value specification that is a pathologic finding about one or more characteristics of ovarian cancer following the rules of the FIGO classification system.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,pathologic lymph node stage for lung according to AJCC 7th edition,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002279 1_1_xyprwxz4,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'phreatic eruption'?","A. Eruption Type 2 - Ejection of entrained particles during steam eruptions. [Wikipedia] B. Phreatic eruption is an explosion that follows the transformation of groundwater into steam. No incandescent or juvenile material is erupted. C. Plinian eruptions are characterized by paroxysmal ejection of large volume of ash and pumice as a well-defined eruption column or ‘jet;’ often precedes caldera collapse. The resulting tephra fallout covers an area of more than 500 square kilometers. D. A series of hundreds of steam explosions preceding an eruption of the volcano A less intense geothermal event may result in a mud volcano. In 1949, Thomas Jaggar described this kind of activity as steam-blast eruptions. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,phreatic eruption,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolVolcano/PhreaticEruption 1_1_o8kz8vrw,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: N,N,N-trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 = N,N,N-trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 4-hydroxybenzoate + NADPH + H+ + O2 = hydroquinone + NADP+ + H2O + CO2. C. Catalysis of the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinate to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine, dependent on O2, NADH +H+ and FAD. D. Catalysis of the reaction: L-isoleucine + 2 O2 + 2 NADPH(4-) + 2 H+ = (E)-2-methylbutanal oxime + 2 NADP(3-) + carbon dioxide + 3 H2O.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,6-hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043731 1_1_2wtqx7ow,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'high endothelial venule of appendix'?","A. High endothelial venules are specialized blood vessels adapted for lymphocyte trafficking. They form a spatially organized network, which controls both the type of lymphocyte and the site of entry into lymphoid tissues. Uniquely, high endothelial venules express vascular addressins that regulate lymphocyte entry into lymphoid organs. They perform this function in all lymphoid organs except the spleen. B. A high endothelial venule that is located in a Peyer's patch in the small intestine. C. A venule located in the vermiform appendix. D. A high endothelial venule that is located in the vermiform appendix.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,high endothelial venule of appendix,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8410039 1_1_bth1k2fd,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-7-oxodocosapentaenoate'?","A. A (3S)-3-hydroxy fatty acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of (3S)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. The major species at pH 7.3. B. A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octacosatetraenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A docosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of (8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-7-oxodocosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. A DiHETE(1-) that is the conjugate base of 14(R),15(S)-DiHETE arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(8E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-7-oxodocosapentaenoate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140386 1_1_h3ycudmb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxide'?","A. An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. B. Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. C. Any heteroatomic molecular entity that is a chemical compound of halogen with other chemical elements. D. An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,oxide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741 1_1_llr0ifau,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'disease stage'?","A. A disease stage which is preceded by a remission and characterized by the return of a manifestation of a disease. B. a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease C. The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. D. A disease stage which is characterized by the lack of a manifestation of a disease",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,disease stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000278 1_1_hyije0ec,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'complement component 9 deficiency'?","A. A complement deficiency that is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, has_material_basis_in mutation in the C9 gene. B. A complement deficiency that is characterized by deficiency of complement component 3 that increases susceptibility to infection and autoimmune diseases and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the C3 gene on chromosome 19p13.3, has_symptom recurrent bacterial infections. C. A complement deficiency that is characterized by deficiency of the beta subunit of complement protein 8, which causes increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections, especially to Neisseria meningitidis, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the C8B gene, which produces the beta subunit of complement component 8 important in forming membrane attack complexes. D. A complement deficiency that is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, caused by C4A deficiency.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,complement component 9 deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060303 1_1_m6fkzgvr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Affymetrix Expression Console'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Affymetrix Expression Console,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000008 1_1_6ev3ttef,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'lip taste bud'?","A. A taste bud that is located on the soft palate, in the roof of the mouth. B. Subdivision of digestive tract that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place (with the exception of ruminants). The mammalian small intestine is long and coiled and can be differentiated histologically into: duodenum, jejunem, ileum[WP,cjm,Kardong]. C. A taste bud that is located on a lip. D. On of a pair of medial protrusions of the intra-pharyngeal ostium (an oval opening within the soft palate that connects the oral and nasal portions of the pharynx), used in vocalization in Koalas.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,lip taste bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0034719 1_1_wsjwznrv,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cerebellar inhibitory GABAergic interneuron'?","A. An interneuron that uses GABA as a vesicular neurotransmitter. These interneurons are inhibitory B. Any GABAergic interneuron that has its soma located in some cerebellar cortex. C. An amacrine cell that uses GABA as a neurotransmitter. D. A GABAergic interneuron whose soma is located in the cerebral cortex.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cerebellar inhibitory GABAergic interneuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023057 1_1_5tbku0jk,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'subterranean tuber cortex'?","A. A portion of cortex that is part of a tuber storage parenchyma . B. A shoot axis trichome that is part of a peduncle epidermis. C. A portion of tuber cortex that is part of a subterranean tuber storage parenchyma. D. A portion of tuber cortex that is part of an aerial tuber storage parenchyma.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,subterranean tuber cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025057 1_1_pj3dlc13,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'peptidyl-threonine modification'?","A. The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine. B. The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid. C. The modification of peptidyl-threonine. D. The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,peptidyl-threonine modification,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0018210 1_1_v3hbn8fr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'thermal nuclear reactor'?","A. A nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons. B. A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. C. A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole. D. A nuclear reactor which uses a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,thermal nuclear reactor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000134 1_1_k1z3eeji,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045587 1_1_l2vy4cnl,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'medial ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron'?","A. A GABAergic cortical interneuron that develops from the medial ganglionic eminence and has migrated to the cerebral cortex. B. An interneuron that is derived from the medial ganglionic eminence. C. Any basket cell that is part of a neocortex. D. A sst GABAergic cortical interneuron that has ""fanning-out' Martinotti morphology that is found in layer 2/3/5 of the cerebral cortex. They have local axon arbor and long ascending axons that spreads horizontally and arborizes significantly in L1.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,medial ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023069 1_1_91r5cq2v,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'phalanx endochondral element'?","A. A mesopodial endochondral element that is in the most proximal part of the mesopodial skeleton, connected to the zeugopodial skeleton. B. A tarsus bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. C. A phalanx bone or its cartilage or pre-cartilage precursor. D. An autopod endochondral element that is composed primarily of cartilage tissue.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,phalanx endochondral element,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015023 1_1_6i0854a6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'metanephric renal vesicle formation'?","A. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. B. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the metanephros. C. The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mesonephros. D. A bone behind and above the orbit of which it commonly forms part of the border that is present in many vertebrates and corresponds to the postorbital process of the frontal bone of various birds and mammals.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,metanephric renal vesicle formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072093 1_1_t4bmqeqr,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy'?","A. An inflammatory and toxic neuropathy that is characaterized by a collection of neuropsychological symptoms associated with repeated organophosphate pesticide exposure as well as nerve agent exposure. Symptoms can appear weeks after exposure and include muscle weakness, anxiety, depression, psychosis as well as cognitive and memory deficits. B. A spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia that is has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the POP1 gene on chromosome 8q22. C. A neuropathy that is caused by drug ingestion, drug or chemical abuse, or industrial chemical exposure from the workplace or the environment. D. A hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the EDAR gene on chromosome 2q13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081393 1_1_5sag4opt,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sales representative, wholesale or manufacturing, technical or scientific product'?","A. Review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of risk involved and determine acceptance of applications. B. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector. C. Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers where technical or scientific knowledge is required in such areas as biology, engineering, chemistry, and electronics, normally obtained from at least 2 years of postsecondary education. D. Purchase farm products either for further processing or resale. Includes tree farm contractors, grain brokers and market operators, grain buyers, and tobacco buyers. May negotiate contracts.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"sales representative, wholesale or manufacturing, technical or scientific product",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_41401100 1_1_lwrsqp7a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency'?","A. An anthrax disease that results in infection located in mucosa of gastrointestinal tract, has_material_basis_in Bacillus anthracis, which is transmitted by ingestion of anthrax-infected meat. The infection has symptom lesions, has symptom vomiting of blood, has symptom severe diarrhea, has symptom loss of appetite. B. A 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding the beta subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase on chromosome 5q13. C. A 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase on chromosome 3q27. D. An amino acid metabolic disorder that is classified by inadequate levels of the enzyme 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase that helps break down proteins containing the amino acid leucine. This disease has_symptom muscular hypotonia (weak muscle tone), has_symptom muscular atrophy, has_symptom feeding difficulties, has_symptom recurrent episodes of vomiting and diarrhea, and has_symptom lethargy.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080579 1_1_nbe89o7r,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Commercial oil content (9% water, 2% impurity)'?","A. Measure achene width of n samples and record the average. B. Total aboveground biomass is analyzed for elemental content using icap spectrometry C. Kernel oil content (dry and clean kernels) at harvest in accordance to the commercial norms. norms are: 9% of water content and 2% impurities. D. Length of the largest green leaf, the length is measured without the petiole",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,"Commercial oil content (9% water, 2% impurity)",https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000157 1_1_fvj5ywaq,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vitreous chamber of eyeball'?","A. Chamber of eyeball, each instance of which lies behind some lens and ciliary body which contains some vitreous body (vitreous humor). B. Chamber of eyeball C. Subdivision of pharynx, each instance of which is a small median residual collection of some adenohypophysial glandular tissue in the mucoperiosteum of the roof of some nasopharynx; it develops from the Rathke pouch in some embryo. D. Parietal serous membrane, which is attached to inner surface of wall of a hemiscrotum",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vitreous chamber of eyeball,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma58848 1_1_xrwhpkh5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'spelling change'?","A. A change in the syntactic structure of a natural language. B. A change in the pronunciation of a language over time. C. A form of language change regarding the evolution of word usage—usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from the original usage. D. A change in the way something in a language is spelled.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,spelling change,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010854 1_1_8k1hcxpl,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of mast cell chemotaxis'?","A. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. B. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell chemotaxis. Mast cell chemotaxis is the movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte chemotaxis.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of mast cell chemotaxis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060753 1_1_8qhde8pi,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete crlmm'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. Information processing is a process in which input information is analysed or transformed in order to produce information as output. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. SWO_0000652 was initially created within the originalsoftwareontology.owl and later moved to swo_data.owl. SWO_3000015 is also present and stored within swo_data.owl. SWO_3000015 was retained and SWO_0000652 deemed obsolete, as SWO_3000015 has a better location in the hierarchy. All axioms belonging to SWO_0000652 were transferred to SWO_3000015. Please use SWO_3000015 instead.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete crlmm,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000510 1_1_idvtedi6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'DEDS''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'DEDS',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000125 1_1_73gne85n,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'dendrogram'?","A. A dendrogram is a report graph which is a tree diagram frequently used to illustrate the arrangement of the clusters produced by a clustering algorithm. B. A heatmap is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where the values taken by a variable(s) are shown as colors in a two-dimensional map. C. A dot plot is a report graph which is a graphical representation of data where each data point is represented by a single dot placed on coordinates corresponding to data point values in particular dimensions. D. A scatterplot is a graph which uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,dendrogram,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000183 1_1_krdqs88d,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'cinnoline'?","A. A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. B. A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,2-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5. C. An azaarene that is anthracene in which the carbon atoms at positions 9 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms. D. An azaarene that is the 1,2-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of cinnolines.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,cinnoline,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36617 1_1_8gupgekn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation. B. The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in midbrain.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1902833 1_1_e8aqauon,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiple intestinal atresia'?","A. An intestinal disease with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by unrestricted intestinal absorption of both cholesterol and plant-derived cholesterol-like molecules resulting in xanthomas, arthralgia, premature atherosclerosis, and hemolytic anemia with stomatocytosis and macrothrombocytopenia. B. An intestinal disease that is located_in the duodenum. C. An intestinal disease characterized by inflammation located in all parts of digestive tract. D. An intestinal disease characterized by the presence of numerous atresic segments in the small and large intestines that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TTC7A gene on chromosome 2p21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,multiple intestinal atresia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_14671 1_1_2zg1by03,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'PAnnBuilder'?","A. Functions for normalisation of two-color microarrays by optimised local regression and for detection of artefacts in microarray data B. Processing annotation data from public data repositories and building annoation data packages. C. A package that implements some simple graph handling capabilities. D. This package can be used to estimate the number of clusters in a set of microarray data, as well as test the stability of these clusters.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,PAnnBuilder,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000314 1_1_56p7fm2k,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior scrotal vein'?","A. Tributary of basal vein each instance of which accompanies some anterior cerebral artery. B. Tributary of superficial external pudendal vein, each instance of which drains blood from the posterior part of some scrotum. C. Testis located right of sagittal midplane of body. D. Pylorioc lymph node located in the angle between the superior and descending parts of duodenum.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior scrotal vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma44553 1_1_tgw8umut,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'infructescence'?","A. A megagametophyte that has as parts one or more archegonia . B. An infructescence in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. caryopsis fruit; PO:0030104) on a compact ear infructescence axis and develops from the ear inflorescence . C. A reproductive shoot system that develops from an inflorescence and has as parts each infructescence axis and all of the fruits borne by those axes. D. A stalk that supports an archegonium head .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,infructescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006342 1_1_t1aqb83q,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'BRB-ArrayTools'?","A. This is a general image analysis program used in the study of electrophoretic separations, dot blots, slot blots, microplate assays, TLC assays, and plaque assays. ImageQuant provides a point-and-click environment for fast analysis of qualitative and quantitative assays. With tools for accurate volume integration, ImageQuant generates accurate lane profiles even for curved or slanted lanes. B. Versarray ChipReader systems are highly sensitive laser confocal systems designed for rapid imaging of microarrays. These are advanced scanners that meet your expectations, differentiating between a spot response and background level, and optimizing the signal on the bottom as well as the top end of the range for increased sensitivity. Results with versarray chipreader systems have a low background, enhanced weak signal detection, and virtually no photobleaching for a long dye lifetime. C. Bioconductor package concerned with background adjustment using sequence information D. BRB-ArrayTools is an integrated package for the visualization and statistical analysis of DNA microarray gene expression data. It was developed by professional statisticians experienced in the analysis of microarray data and involved in the development of improved methods for the design and analysis of microarray based experiments. The system incorporates a variety of powerful analytic and visualization tools developed specifically for microarray data analysis.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,BRB-ArrayTools,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100036 1_1_dq0ezzce,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electric motor, power tool, or related repairer'?","A. Escort individuals or groups on sightseeing tours or through places of interest, such as industrial establishments, public buildings, and art galleries. B. Repair, maintain, or install electric motors, wiring, or switches. C. Set up, maintain, and dismantle light fixtures, lighting control devices, and the associated lighting electrical and rigging equipment used for photography, television, film, video, and live productions. May focus or operate light fixtures, or attach color filters or other lighting accessories. D. Manage wind field operations, including personnel, maintenance activities, financial activities, and planning.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"electric motor, power tool, or related repairer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49209200 1_1_6qrqkqvt,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'backwater'?","A. Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. B. An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. C. A watercourse which has the intensity and direction of its flow primarily determined by the tides. D. The outflow of water from a mine.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,backwater,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000472 1_1_o862c9z0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of stem cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation resulting in the maintenance of a steady-state number of cells within a tissue. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell proliferation. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,regulation of stem cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072091 1_1_i06k2yb0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'recreation or fitness studies teacher, postsecondary'?","A. Assess, plan, and organize rehabilitative programs that help build or restore vocational, homemaking, and daily living skills, as well as general independence, to persons with disabilities or developmental delays. Use therapeutic techniques, adapt the individual's environment, teach skills, and modify specific tasks that present barriers to the individual. B. Teach courses in psychology, such as child, clinical, and developmental psychology, and psychological counseling. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. C. Teach courses pertaining to recreation, leisure, and fitness studies, including exercise physiology and facilities management. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research. D. Teach courses pertaining to the application of physical laws and principles of engineering for the development of machines, materials, instruments, processes, and services. Includes teachers of subjects such as chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, mechanical, mineral, and petroleum engineering. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"recreation or fitness studies teacher, postsecondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_25119300 1_1_lwqubfrs,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'freshwater biome'?","A. An freshwater ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. B. A freshwater ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater lake. C. An aquatic ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a body of fresh water. D. A marine ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,freshwater biome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000873 1_1_ymkkgiiq,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'thallus meristematic apical cell'?","A. A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a protonema. B. An apical cell that is part of a whole plant in the gametophytic phase. C. A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a rhizoid. D. A gametophyte apical cell that is part of a thallus.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,thallus meristematic apical cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030025 1_1_ytkhf04g,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'moist snuff'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of fermented, air- or fire-cured tobacco mixed with flavourings (spices, essential oils, extracts), sweeteners, inorganic salts, humectants and preservatives and processed into moist fine particles (fine cut) or strips (long cut). B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, in which cured tobacco, coriander seeds, and other spices are fried separately and ground, then mixed with aromatic resinous oils to form a coarse powder. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which finely ground tobacco, mint or cinnamon flavouring are mixed to form pellets. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of small pieces of tobacco leaves treated in slaked lime, finely cut betel nut, flavouring agents and sandalwood powder to form a coarse granular mixture.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,moist snuff,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000988 1_1_in09ekch,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Unit'?","A. A unit is a standard quantification for physical measurements. A unit is either a base unit, a composite unit, or a derived unit. B. A derived unit raises a base or prefixed unit to an integer power other than 0 or 1. For example, the unit 'square meter' is a unit derived from the 'meter' base unit raised to the power 2. As another example, a 'square centimeter' is a unit derived from the 'centimeter' prefixed unit raised to the power 2. BRL 20160601: I removed this restriction so that CompositeUnits like XXXPerLiter would not reason to owl:Nothing. hasUnit exactly 1 (BaseUnit or PrefixedUnit) C. A standard defines a reference for comparing or naming entities via a measurement. A standard can be defined intentionally (e.g., as in the case of units) or extensionally (by listing the values of the standard, e.g., for color this might be red, blue, yellow, etc). D. A prefixed unit consists of a base unit and a prefix integer value that serves as a multiplier. For example, a centimeter is a prefixed unit that combines a meter base unit and the prefix multiplier 0.01 such that one centimeter is equivalent to 0.01 meters.",A,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,Unit,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#Unit 1_1_pi40j3zp,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf midvein'?","A. A leaf lamina vein that connects directly to a petiole vascular system or a shoot axis vascular system . B. A primary leaf vein that is the central vein of a vascular leaf . C. A portion of plant tissue which is a small ball of cells born on a thallus and is involved in asexual reproduction. D. Stage of ovule development that begins when the ovule primordia arise.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf midvein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020139 1_1_ndnhbpjh,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'plgem'?","A. R interface to genome browsers and their annotation tracks B. A set of tools for interacting with GO and microarray data. A variety of basic manipulation tools for graphs, hypothesis testing and other simple calculations C. This packages contains tools to support the construction of tcltk widgets D. PLGEM is useful for detecting differential expression in microarray and proteomics datasets.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,plgem,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000659 1_1_ay8j7ndp,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased scrotal rugation'?","A. Decreased number or density of the folded ridges (wrinkles) of skin of the scrotum. B. Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, encompasses that period of time during which physiologic changes mark progression toward a woman's final menstrual period. This phase begins with the onset of menstrual irregularities and continues until a woman reaches menopause, or one year after amenorrhea has occurred. Perimenopause can last for a variable amount of time, the median of which is four years. C. Increased number or density of the folded ridges (wrinkles) of skin of the scrotum. D. Anomaly of the folded ridges (wrinkles) of skin of the scrotum.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased scrotal rugation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012858 1_1_98y8ss2e,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluorapatite'?","A. A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl. B. A homodetic cyclic peptide containing L-Pro, D-Tyr, L-Ser, L-Asn and L-Gln as the amino acid residues. Isolated from an endophytic fungus, Epichloe typhina, it exhibits inhibitory activity toward the spore germination of Cladosporium phlei, a pathogenic fungus of the timothy plant. C. A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. D. A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,fluorapatite,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52257 1_1_0oqfxp55,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'dubious'?","A. A positive emotion that involves the anticipation that something desirable will occur. B. A positive emotion associated with the appraisal of one's positive social worth, a signal that one is likely to be socially accepted. [Source: OCEAS] C. A negative emotion accompanying uncertainty about a judgement or decision. D. A negative emotion that is the appraisal of one's current surroundings and activities as not interesting or stimulating.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,dubious,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000170 1_1_k9qlbtqu,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ventral sacroiliac ligament'?","A. Ligament of sacroiliac joint, each instance of which is a strong band that passes from transverse process of some fifth lumbar vertebra (rarely, fourth lumbar vertebra) to internal lip of posterior side of some iliac crest. B. Ligament of sacroiliac joint, each instance of which is a strong fibrous band that consists of short horizontal and long oblique fibers that pass from some ilium to some sacrum. C. Unpaired dural sinus, each instance of which is located in the inferior concave border of some falx cerebri; together with the great cerebral vein, forms some straight sinus. D. Ligament of sacroiliac joint, each instance of which is a thin fibrous band which connects the anterior surface of the lateral part of some sacrum to the margin of the auricular surface of some ilium and to some preauricular sulcus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Ventral sacroiliac ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma21464 1_1_nn8av8zt,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. B. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. C. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010700 1_1_4tkcl9mv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Spike colour - Estimation'?","A. Observe the spike colour and rate it. B. Observe the rachilla hair length on the ventral side of the grain and record it. C. Observe the vertical disease progress and an estimate of severity, record a double digit (00-99) value. The first digit (D1) indicates disease progress in the canopy relative height of the disease using the original 0-9 Saari-Prescott scale as a measure and the second digit (D2) refers to measured severity based on diseased leaf area as a percentage but in terms of 0-9. Because it is difficult to evaluate diseases on dead leaves, disease notes should be taken when at least four leaves are still alive and green (soft to mid-dough growth stage). Then visually evaluate the average percentage severity on only those leaves of the uppermost four that are infected. In practice, the percent severity is estimated on an overall score, D2 scoring severity: 10% coverage = 1, 20% coverage = 2, 30% coverage = 3, 40% coverage = 4, 50% coverage = 5, 60% coverage = 6, 70% coverage = 7, 80% coverage = 8, 90% coverage = 9. The score of 10 is not used. D. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry under drought conditions and rate its susceptibility.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Spike colour - Estimation,http://www.cropontology.org/rdf/CO_323:0000526 1_1_e4agy1hr,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of congruence with ideals'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event or object is important to the person's goals or needs. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the pleasantness of an object or event. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about whether an event is consistent with the person's standards or ideals. D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of how familiar an object or event is.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of congruence with ideals,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000094 1_1_yj4tzp8p,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Part Removal'?","A. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part. Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated collection, an instance of E78 Curated Holding. If the instance of E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an instance of E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be modelled as both an instance of E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being increased, enlarged, or augmented by the addition of a part. Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated instance of E78 Curated Holding. Both the E18 Physical Thing being augmented and the E18 Physical Thing that is being added are treated as separate identifiable wholes prior to the instance of E79 Part Addition. Following the addition of parts, the resulting assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artefacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Curated Holding over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic:",C,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E80 Part Removal,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E80_Part_Removal 1_1_plwdp1ek,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'scavenging by precipitation'?","A. A popular expression for the deposition by rainfall of various airborne pollutants (especially SO2 and NO2) that have harmful effects on vegetation, soils, buildings and other external structures. B. Water vapor that removes particulate matter from the atmosphere C. Removal of pollutants from the air by either rain or snow. Rainout (or snowout), which is the in-cloud capture of particulates as condensation nuclei, is one form of scavenging. D. The removal of atmospheric gases or particles through their incorporation into hydrometeors, which are then lost by precipitation.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,scavenging by precipitation,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoTransport/ScavengingByPrecipitation 1_1_j4g1bitn,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of reproductive process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of reproductive process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2000242 1_1_6wirgmxw,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'special effects artist or animator'?","A. Design, develop, and evaluate the operation of marine vessels, ship machinery, and related equipment, such as power supply and propulsion systems. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the activities of buyers, purchasing officers, and related workers involved in purchasing materials, products, and services. Includes wholesale or retail trade merchandising managers and procurement managers. C. Create special effects or animations using film, video, computers, or other electronic tools and media for use in products, such as computer games, movies, music videos, and commercials. D. Review, evaluate, and analyze work environments and design programs and procedures to control, eliminate, and prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, and biological agents or ergonomic factors. May conduct inspections and enforce adherence to laws and regulations governing the health and safety of individuals. May be employed in the public or private sector.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,special effects artist or animator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27101400 1_1_8juq10t9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Kidney Function Test'?","A. Any evaluation or assessment tool used to ascertain a patient's condition or diagnosis. B. Any aromatic carboxylic acid that consists of benzene in which at least a single hydrogen has been substituted by a carboxy group. C. Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine. D. Subdivision of telencephalon which is one of a number of subdivisions of each hemisphere separated by both real landmarks (sulci and fissures) and arbitrary boundaries[FMA,modified].",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Kidney Function Test,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SCDO_0000676 1_1_ncn9iv23,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pectoral fin bud'?","A. A limb bud that develops into a forelimb or pectoral fin. B. An outgrowth on the lateral trunk of the embryo that develops into a paired fin. The fin bud is divided into ectoderm and mesenchyme[cjm, modified from MP]. C. A paired fin bud that develops into a pectoral fin. D. A paired fin bud that develops into a pelvic fin.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pectoral fin bud,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_4300172 1_1_pvus48ig,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'red bone marrow of iliac crest'?","A. The red vascular substance consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels, containing primitive blood cells, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and fat cells. Red marrow is found in the cavities of many bones. It manufactures and releases leukocytes and erythrocytes into the bloodstream. B. Red bone marrow located in an iliac crest. C. The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. D. Red bone marrow located in the sternum.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,red bone marrow of iliac crest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8410079 1_1_60iy3ejc,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxidoreductase'?","A. The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. B. Oxidases that specifically introduce dioxygen-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules. C. Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however catalytic RNA and catalytic DNA molecules have also been identified. D. A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,oxidoreductase,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D010088 1_1_8i86send,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'MVCClass'?","A. The package contains functions for pre-processing Affymetrix data using the RMA+ and the RMA++ methods. B. Creates classes used in model-view-controller (MVC) design C. This package uses functions of various other packages together with other functions in a coordinated way to handle and analyse cDNA microarray data D. R interface to genome browsers and their annotation tracks",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,MVCClass,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000285 1_1_rk8peska,"In the ontology of European Legislation Identifier, which of the following definitions best describes 'Manifestation'?","A. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept in concept scheme eli:MediaTypeTable. B. Formally defined as the set of skos:Concept either in concept scheme eli:AdministrativeAreaTable or in concept scheme https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/at-dataset/-/resource/dataset/atu (Administrative Territorial Unit table published of the EU Publications Office). C. The physical embodiment of an Expression, either on paper or in any electronic format. The substance of Manifestation is not only signs, but also the manner in which they are presented to be consumed by users, including the kind of media adopted. D. The physical embodiment of a legal expression, either on paper or in any electronic format. For example, any electronic or physical format of the legal expression (XML, TIFF, PDF, etc.) ; e.g. PDF version of act 3 of 2005. (adapted from Akoma Ntoso). Note that the notion of Format in ELI is more precise than a FRBR Manifestation in the sense that a Format in ELI can carry a legal value (see the property eli:legal_value).",C,1_1,legal/european_legislation_identifier,Manifestation,http://data.europa.eu/eli/ontology#Manifestation 1_1_vlln9w3d,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior parietal rostral cortical area (sensu Mustela putorius furo)'?","A. A multimodal area of the ferret involved in vision and somatosensation that lies between the medial wall of the hemisphere and the medial lip of the suprasylvian sulcus and is posterior to caudal somatosensory cortex (SIII) and anterior to PPc. B. A visual area in the ferret located on the dorsal bank of the splenial sulcus between the medial border of area 17 and the lateral borter of CVA. C. Innervates pyloric region of the stomach. D. The part of the cortex that is responsible for processing visual information.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,posterior parietal rostral cortical area (sensu Mustela putorius furo),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8440050 1_1_mjmff35b,"In the ontology of Music, which of the following definitions best describes 'SACD'?","A. An audio file, which may be available on a local file system or through http, ftp, etc. B. Something available on the E-Donkey peer-2-peer filesharing network C. Magnetic analogue tape used as medium to record a musical manifestation. D. Super Audio Compact Disc used as medium to record a musical manifestation.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/musicontology,SACD,http://purl.org/ontology/mo/SACD 1_1_lcyevc96,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'SandBox'?","A. Dating and/or mating simulator B. giochi dove si simula uno scenario specifico C. Vehicle driving simulator D. Games that use freely explorable levels -without the limit of invisible walls- which can be completed in different ways and with an emphasis on creative possibilities",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,SandBox,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#SandBox 1_1_3zvjjt1z,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of dendritic cell differentiation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte differentiation. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of dendritic cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_2001198 1_1_u50jn55o,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'synaptic vesicle recycling'?","A. Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. B. A cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles; transported substances are enclosed in the vesicle lumen or located in the vesicle membrane. The process begins with a step that directs a substance to the forming vesicle, and includes vesicle budding and coating. Vesicles are then targeted to, and fuse with, an acceptor membrane. C. The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane. D. Binding to an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,synaptic vesicle recycling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0036465 1_1_f9bzssgz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to Reniform nematode'?","A. Observe the number of lenticels and rate it B. Observation of an average or all storage roots within a single plant or plot C. Panelist observe the visual appearance of boiled leaves and rate it D. Observe the reaction to Reniform nematode and rate it",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Visual estimation - Reaction of the plant to Reniform nematode,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000487 1_1_ua8rqz3i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun/fire dried tobacco leaves are mixed with ash to form a quid. B. An agonist that selectively binds to and activates a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. C. A spatiotemporal region encompassing some part of the life cycle of an organism. D. Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47958 1_1_7rtlpl2i,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'imitative learning'?","A. A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others. B. Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. C. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an object or event is unpleasant. D. Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,imitative learning,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098596 1_1_wvzc9znw,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium'?","A. A venous channel found between layers of dura mater in the brain. Receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain, receive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid space, and ultimately empty into the internal jugular vein. B. A blood vessel endothelial cell that is part of the retina. C. A progenitor cell with the potential to differentiate into luminal epithelial cells of mammary glands. In mouse, CD61 and c-kit were found to be coexpressed by the majority of, but not all, committed luminal progenitor cells. D. Portion of tissue that is a thickening and reshaping of the epidermal basal stratum cells beneath which fibroblasts accumulate to form the scale primordium.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0009116 1_1_lmsyypqx,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling at ease'?","A. A subjective affective feeling that is positively valenced. B. A subjective affective feeling of strength, capability, energy and capacity to do things. C. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs. D. A subjective affective feeling of being at ease, comfortable, relaxed.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling at ease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000107 1_1_zeypu7i9,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscle of pes'?","A. Any muscle organ that is part of a toe [Automatically generated definition]. B. Any muscle organ that is part of a pes [Automatically generated definition]. C. A muscle that is part of the region of the hindlimb between the pelvis and ankle. D. Any muscle organ that is part of a hindlimb [Automatically generated definition].",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,muscle of pes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001498 1_1_3d7ttnfu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'subserosa of organ'?","A. The subserosa of an organ. B. The subserosa of the testis. C. Organ component layer adjacent to serosa of organ. Organ component layer, each instance of which is layer of losse areolar tissue underlying the serosa of sme organ. D. The subserosa of the uterus.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,subserosa of organ,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma85412 1_1_ndbee2k0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pentose phosphate'?","A. Any phospho sugar that is the phosphate derivative of pentose. B. Any monosaccharide containing an alcoholic hydroxy group esterified with phosphoric acid. C. A monosaccharide derivative that is formally obtained from a pentose. D. A clinical trial phase that is designed for a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a drug for a given indication. Often they are designed to study side effects that may have become apparent after the phase III study was completed. [def-source: NCI]",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,pentose phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84055 1_1_j534cgje,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'job zone 3'?","A. Occupations that need extensive preparation B. Occupations that need medium preparation C. Occupations that need some preparation D. Occupations that need considerable preparation",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,job zone 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000017 1_1_werod5jq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior urethra cancer'?","A. A female urethral cancer located_in the posterior urethra. B. A sweat gland disease that is characterized by dilatation of the follicular infundibulum with hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spongiosis with perifollicular inflammation leading to hair loss and has_symptom flesh colored papules with hair loss and pruritis, especially of the axilla. C. A female urethral cancer located_in the anterior urethra. D. An idiopathic generalized epilepsy that has_material_basis_in variation in a region on chromosome 10q25-q26.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,anterior urethra cancer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8272 1_1_txu24o4w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Decreased specific pneumococcal antibody level'?","A. A reduced ability to synthesize postvaccination antibodies against toxoids and polysaccharides in vaccines, as measured by antibody titer determination following vaccination. B. A reduced ability to synthesize antibodies against antigens from an infectious agent or pathogen (such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc.), as measured by antibody titer determination following infection. C. Absence of specific immunoglobulins directed against a specific antigen or microorganism. D. The presence of normal overall immunoglobulin levels with deficiency of specific immunoglobulins directed against pneumococci.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Decreased specific pneumococcal antibody level,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012476 1_1_lddym2w1,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '3-chlorophenol'?","A. A methylaniline that is aniline carrying a methyl substituent at the nitrogen atom. B. A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom. C. An L-serine derivative that is the ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-serine with the 3'-hydroxy group of AMP. D. A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,3-chlorophenol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38855 1_1_nc0l98nz,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Legume fruit spine presence'?","A. The color of a flower or group of flowers from a plant, expressed as a vector of float values on a color scale of choice. B. The presence or absence of spines on the surface of the legume fruit. C. The total length of a single plant stem or the mean value of several stems D. The ratio of a seeds contour area to its convex hull area.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Legume fruit spine presence,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_369:0001104 1_1_wjw0235z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'land'?","A. In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica), and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. B. The term Geosphere is often used to refer to the densest (solid) parts of a planet, which consist mostly of rock and regolith [Wikipedia] C. Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. D. The part of a planetary surface that is a solid",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,land,http://sweetontology.net/realm/Land 1_1_2nmmfido,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Completion'?","A. Virtuosity describes an achievement that is awarded for playing masterfully in the game. Examples of virtuous play could be finishing the game without saving at all, dying zero times or preventing an opposing team from scoring any goals in a soccer game. B. Veteran achievement is an award that is given for accumulating a lot of play hours or game actions. For example, Veteran could be playing thousand hours of World of Tanks or making 100 goals in ice hockey game. C. Paragon is a rare achievement that is given only to limited number of players. An example of Paragon achievement could be the first player to finish a game under 10 hours or the first ten players to complete the game 100% through. D. Completion type of achievement is usually rewarded from successfully completing a certain goal or subgoal in a game. An example of Completion would be to save a princess from a burning tower or completing all side-quests in a game.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,Completion,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#Completion 1_1_w4vc66ad,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'lake inlet'?","A. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide when measured in liquid water. B. An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. C. An opening of the sea into the land. D. An opening of a lake into its shore.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,lake inlet,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000476 1_1_6x3q5j7q,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'submucosa of lobar bronchus'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation. B. A submucosa that is part of a segmental bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. C. A submucosa that is part of a lobar bronchus [Automatically generated definition]. D. A submucosa that is part of a bronchus [Automatically generated definition].",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,submucosa of lobar bronchus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004950 1_1_i2tibt6t,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'baritosis'?","A. An interstitial lung disease that is caused by the inhalation of dust. B. A pneumoconiosis that is characterized by the formation of fine dense lesions in the lung parenchyma, caused by long standing exposure to barium dust. The lesions do not affect the lung function and disappear without treatment after the exposure to barium dust stops. C. A pneumoconiosis that is caused by exposure to slate dust. D. A pneumoconiosis that is characterized by hypersensitive reaction to inhaled dust during the initial processing of cotton, flax, or hemp, and has symptoms of chest tightness, cough and wheezing.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,baritosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10321 1_1_f7re0bo7,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'oospore formation'?","A. The process in which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium. B. The process in which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of Oomycetes and certain algae and fungi. C. The process in which cells that are products of meiosis acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota). D. The process in which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,oospore formation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0075243 1_1_n66z7pzc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mid zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery'?","A. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the basal inferoseptal zone of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 1 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. B. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical anterior zone 2 of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with zone 7 of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. C. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the mid anterior, anteroseptal and inferoseptal row of zones of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous with the apical zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery. D. Zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery which supplies the apical anterior, anteroseptal and inferoseptal row of zones of myocardium of left ventricle.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Mid zone of anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86841 1_1_ld3lbgdo,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'MesoCarnivore'?","A. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended B. their diet diet consists of at least 30 pct meat. practically can be considered to be omnivores... C. their diet diet consists of at least 50 pct meat D. their diet diet consists of at least 70 pct meat",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,MesoCarnivore,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#MesoCarnivore 1_1_48zwxast,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'striated muscle cell'?","A. A visceral muscle cell that is striated. Examples include the visceral muscle cells of arhtropods. B. Any muscle cell in which the fibers are not organised into sarcomeres. C. A transversely striated, multinucleated syncytial muscle cell, formed by the fusion of myoblasts during muscle development. D. Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,striated muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000737 1_1_7f9z6hy0,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'Yo-Pro-3'?","A. An ammonium salt comprising equimolar amounts of chlorfenac(1-) anions and ammonium cations. An obsolete herbicide. B. An unsymmetrical C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl and quinolinium-4-yl substituents. C. A salt comprising separate ammonium cations and octahedral [RuCl6](2-) anions. D. An anionic unsymmetrical C7 cyanine dye having differentially substituted indoleinine units at either end.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,Yo-Pro-3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51607 1_1_kuajm304,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'operations analysis'?","A. A skill realized in analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. B. A skill realized in conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. C. A skill realized in performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed. D. A skill realized in controlling operations of equipment or systems.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,operations analysis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_00000039 1_1_hxtotazz,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal as not congruent with ideals'?","A. An appraisal which represents a judgement that an event is consistent with the person's standards or ideals. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about whether an event is consistent with the person's standards or ideals. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism. D. An appraisal that represents a judgement that an event is inconsistent with a person's standards or ideals.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal as not congruent with ideals,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000096 1_1_163hmcb2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of erythrocyte aggregation'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation. C. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of erythrocyte aggregation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034118 1_1_vip9gcsv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dimethicone polymer'?","A. A polydimethylsiloxane polymer, composed of dimethicone macromolecules. B. A silicone polymer, composed of polydimethylsiloxane macromolecules. C. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Acting as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress, it is currently under consideration as a possible cancer treatment. D. A phenolate anion that is the dianion of cladofulvin, obtained from the deprotonation of the 6 and 7'-hydroxy groups. Major species at pH 7.3.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dimethicone polymer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61468 1_1_7rj3mcsn,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-tricosa-1,6,9,12,15-pentaene'?","A. The (Z)-isomer of desmethyldoxepin. B. An alkapentaene that is tricos-1-ene with 4 cis double bonds at positions 6,9,12 and 15. C. Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having five carbon-carbon double bonds. D. An alkapentaene that is henicos-1-ene with 4 cis double bonds at positions 6,9,12 and 15.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-tricosa-1,6,9,12,15-pentaene",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144719 1_1_ih8cxj71,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'duration'?","A. A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. B. developed after birth : not congenital or hereditary C. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's touching another entity. D. developed after birth : not congenital or hereditary",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,duration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001309 1_1_q0ayblrh,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bask'?","A. of crocodiles B. of rattlesnakes C. of zebra D. of insects, gnats, grasshoppers",A,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Bask,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Bask 1_1_ozwrw8wp,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Elbow zone of arm'?","A. Segment of arm between shoulder and the elbow. B. Wall of heart which has as its parts the the walls of left atrium and left ventricle that surrounds its cavities and is attached to the left fibrous ring of heart. C. Segment of arm in the shoulder region. D. Segment of arm in the elbow region.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Elbow zone of arm,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma300140 1_1_9xt5ntlx,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual monogamy'?","A. A relationship in which a pair of organisms share a social living arrangement, such as shared use of territory or proximity between the pair). B. A mating practice in which individuals may engage in sequential monogamous pairings. C. A relationship where DNA analyses can confirm that a pair of organisms reproduce exclusively with each other. D. An exclusive sexual relationship based on observations of sexual interactions.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sexual monogamy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000879 1_1_k4o4j4nk,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'peripheral blood mononuclear cell'?","A. A lymphocyte is a leukocyte commonly found in the blood and lymph that has the characteristics of a large nucleus, a neutral staining cytoplasm, and prominent heterochromatin. B. A hematopoeitic stem cell found in the blood. Normally found in very limited numbers in the peripheral circulation (less than 0.1% of all nucleated cells). C. A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. D. A leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form found in the circulatory pool of blood.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,peripheral blood mononuclear cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000001 1_1_58x8xm82,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'paralysed'?","A. A ureterocele is a congenital saccular dilatation of the distal segment of the ureter. B. A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's movement. C. An increased amount of nicotinurate in the blood. D. A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being affected by loss of the ability to move a body part.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,paralysed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000763 1_1_zq2lf7kr,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of organ growth'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism. B. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the ureter gland over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fear response. D. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,negative regulation of organ growth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046621 1_1_w5r5sfxe,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Osteoarthritis of knee, unspecified'?","A. a fatigue-induced fracture of the bone caused by repeated stress over time. B. infection and inflammation of the bone or bone marrow C. Spondyloarthropathy or spondyloarthrosis refers to any joint disease of the vertebral column. D. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Osteoarthritis of knee, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000079 1_1_kt88fmse,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'FMN reductase complex'?","A. A protein complex capable of FMN reductase activity. Reduces FMN to FMNH2 in a NAD(P)H-dependent manner. In E.coli, consists of a SsuE dimer. B. A multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of an alpha-ketoacid - pyruvate, a branched-chain alpha-ketoacid or alpha-ketoglutarate (also known as 2-oxoglutarate). The complex comprises multiple copies of three enzymes referred to as E1, E2 and E3: a dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) forms the core of the complex, with an alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (E1) and a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) attached through non-covalent bonds. The E1 and E2 components are specific to different alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes, whereas the E3 component is the same. Additional proteins may also be present. C. Any protein complex that possesses oxidoreductase activity. D. A protein complex capable of alkanesulfonate monooxygenase activity. Involved in the utilization of alkanesulfonates as sulfur sources under conditions of sulfate or cysteine starvation, catalyzing the conversion of alkanesulfonates into aldehydes and sulfite. In E.coli the complex consists of a SsuD tetramer.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,FMN reductase complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990202 1_1_7m14c993,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'behavioral response to pain'?","A. Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. B. Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. C. The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host. D. The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,behavioral response to pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0048266 1_1_osv04f22,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2-nitropropane catabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,2-nitropropane catabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046304 1_1_ghivf71s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide'?","A. Cell-cell signaling from postsynapse to presynapse, across the synaptic cleft, mediated by a neuropeptide. B. Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse mediated by a peptide ligand crossing the synaptic cleft. C. Modulation of synaptic transmission by cell-cell signaling across the synaptic cleft from postsynapse to presynapse, mediated by a neuropeptide. D. Cell-cell signaling between presynapse and postsynapse, via the vesicular release and reception of neuropeptide molecules, that modulates the synaptic transmission properties of the synapse.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by neuropeptide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0099082 1_1_wfmx3320,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'epithem cell'?","A. A parenchyma cell that is morphologically and physiologically associated with a sieve cell but does is not derived from the same initial cell as the sieve cell. B. A parenchyma cell of the mesophyll of a hydathode found between the xylem endings and the epidermis. C. A parenchyma cell that is adjacent to a sieve tube element and arises from the same phloem mother cell as the sieve tube element. D. A relatively unspecialized ground tissue cell with a nucleate protoplast.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,epithem cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000066 1_1_knjsdzdx,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'government property inspector or investigator'?","A. Investigate or inspect government property to ensure compliance with contract agreements and government regulations. B. Determine eligibility of persons applying to receive assistance from government programs and agency resources, such as welfare, unemployment benefits, social security, and public housing. C. Interview loan applicants to elicit information; investigate applicants' backgrounds and verify references; prepare loan request papers; and forward findings, reports, and documents to appraisal department. Review loan papers to ensure completeness, and complete transactions between loan establishment, borrowers, and sellers upon approval of loan. D. Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of agricultural, forestry, aquacultural, and related workers.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,government property inspector or investigator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13104104 1_1_n1jgnjty,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(-)-(7R,7'R,7''S,8S,8'S,8''S)-4',4''-dihydroxy-3,3',3'',5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8''-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7'',9''-diol'?","A. A neolignan isolated from the stems of Sinocalamus affinis. B. A furopyranoxanthene with formula C24H28O6. It is a natural product isolated from the fungus Penicillium citrinum B-57. C. A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6. D. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 2,3,10,12-tetrahydro-4H,11H-pyrano[2,3-a]xanthene-4,11-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 6, 8, 10, and 10, and by hydroxy, isopropyl, methoxy, phenyl, and groups at positions 5, 12, 9, and 2, respectively (the S,R-enantiomer). It is isolated from the leaves of Baeckea frutescens and exhibits cytotoxicity against leukemia cells.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(-)-(7R,7'R,7''S,8S,8'S,8''S)-4',4''-dihydroxy-3,3',3'',5-tetramethoxy-7,9':7',9-diepoxy-4,8''-oxy-8,8'-sesquineolignan-7'',9''-diol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_67632 1_1_7vvmjsxr,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual'?","A. Work consisting of formal presentations made usually to fulfill requirements for an academic degree. B. A blog is a publication accessible at some website and is typically about various experiences. C. A resource published by a governing body. D. A manual is a document that instructs on the usage of a device.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,manual,http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000161 1_1_gpyok963,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nasal bridge length line'?","A. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right crista philtri and left crista philtri. B. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by gnathion and tragion. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by nasion and pronasale. D. Fiat anatomical line of head, each instance of which is a line from some nasion to some lambda.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Nasal bridge length line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284854 1_1_d3zh7ltm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'independent continuant'?","A. An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. B. A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. C. b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) D. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,independent continuant,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 1_1_618gygsb,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'jet streak'?","A. The region of a jet stream axis with the greatest winds. B. Relatively strong winds concentrated within a narrow stream in the atmosphere. C. In popular terminology, any sudden and heavy fall of rain, almost always of the shower type. D. A turbulent mixture of gas and rock fragments, most of which are ash-sized particles, ejected violently from a crater or fissure. The mass of pyroclastics is normally of very high temperature and moves rapidly down the slopes or even along a level surface.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,jet streak,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/JetStreak 1_1_e1jxsmzz,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-furanone'?","A. A cyclic ketone that is (-)-phyllostine in which the carbonyl group which is furthest from the hydroxymethyl substituent has been formally reduced to give the corresponding secondary alcohol with S configuration. A metabolite of the patulin pathway in Penicillium urticae. B. A member of the class of furans that is 5-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran with a hydroxy group at position 4 and a keto group at position 3. C. A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones with formula C18H25NO4, originally isolated from Aspergillus niger. D. A bridged organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H,8H-2,6-epoxyoxocino[3,2-b]xanthen-8-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7, a methoxy group at position 9 and a methyl group at position 2. It is isolated from the marine derived fungus Chaetomium and has antiprotozoal activity.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-furanone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74456 1_1_h20xgmea,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->6)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc'?","A. A branched amino trisaccharide comprising N-acetyl-D-galactose having a beta-D-galactosyl residue at the 3-position and a N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residue at the 6-position. B. The trisaccharide beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-D-GalNAc with alpha configuration at the anomeric centre of the N-acetylglucosamine residue at the reducing end. C. An organofluorine compound that is the 5-fluoro derivative of indole. D. The simplest member of the class of chromones that is 4H-chromene with an oxo group at position 4.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->6)]-alpha-D-GalpNAc,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62158 1_1_oi80h9hf,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'strength of addiction to cigarette smoking'?","A. A psychoactive substance that is newly recognised as a drug of abuse. B. A personal attribute that is the strength of motivation experienced to engage in the behaviour to which the person is addicted. C. An e-liquid that is designed to be used with an electronic vaping device to replace the liquid in the tank of that device that has been used. D. Addiction strength for cigarette smoking",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,strength of addiction to cigarette smoking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001339 1_1_1rc97uqe,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Fractured proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3'?","A. A partial or complete breakage of the proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3. B. The foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans penis, and cannot be pulled back to its normal flaccid position covering the glans penis. C. Fragmented appearance of the epiphysis of the middle phalanx of the 3rd finger. D. A partial or complete breakage of the epiphysis of middle phalanx of manus.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Fractured proximal epiphysis of middle phalanx of manual digit 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041198 1_1_bsr54dv2,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiple sclerosis'?","A. A disorder of the nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control B. Epilepsy with simple partial seizures and focal EEG abnoralities C. Bleeding into one or both cerebral hemispheres including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. It is often associated with hypertension and craniocerebral trauma. D. bleeding into the space between the surface of the brain, or pia mater, and the arachnoid, one of three coverings of the brain",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,multiple sclerosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000411 1_1_r0mf7wrj,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Wut'?","A. A negative emotion that is a strong form of anger. B. Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS] C. An intensely negative emotion that is a very strong form of anger. D. A negative emotion that is a mild form of anger.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Wut,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000013 1_1_80w8iqxh,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of blood coagulation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,positive regulation of blood coagulation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030194 1_1_qbhj874k,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'GlyTouCan G05926FW'?","A. An amino disaccharide consisting of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose residue and a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose residue joined in sequence by a (1->3) glycosidic bond. B. An amino disaccharide that is an N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted into the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside. C. A composition-only glycan consisting of three hexosyl groups, nine acetaminohexosyl groups and one 6-deoxyhexosyl group (identities and connectivity unknown). Composition: Hex3 HexNAc9 dHex1. D. A partially-defined glycan consisting of 9 hexosyl and 2 acetaminohexosyl groups (identities and connectivity unknown). Composition: Hex9 HexNAc2.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,GlyTouCan G05926FW,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_177349 1_1_pja77t2x,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sea ice formation process'?","A. A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. B. A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. C. A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. D. A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sea ice formation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03000044 1_1_4bkwjjcr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Marketable quality'?","A. The maltose content of the tuber B. The concentration of calcium in tuber C. The concentration of ascorbic acid in fresh weight basis D. The marketable qualities of tubers",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Marketable quality,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_330:0000451 1_1_rrov2pdf,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Malpighian tubule development'?","A. The progression of the gallbladder over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The gallbladder is a cavitated organ that stores bile. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureter over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ureter is a muscular tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder or from the Malpighian tubule to the hindgut. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Malpighian tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,Malpighian tubule development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072002 1_1_06hriszs,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neoplastic'?","A. A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being drawn together, compressed or squeezed physically. B. A disposition inhering in a tumour by virtue of the bearer's disposition to progress, invade surrounding tissues or metastasize. C. A structural quality which is held by a bearer when the latter's disposition the presence of abnormally proliferating masses of cells. D. A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,neoplastic,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002011 1_1_0avtsd5q,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovarian fetiform teratoma'?","A. A mature teratoma of the ovary that presents in childhood. B. An ovarian biphasic or triphasic teratoma that is composed exclusively of mature tissues derived from two or three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). C. A mature teratoma of the ovary that resembles a malformed human fetus with the caudal portion being more developed. D. A mature teratoma of the ovary that is predominantly solid with interspersed cysts.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ovarian fetiform teratoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_6314 1_1_4yuff4ha,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cocaine user'?","A. A substance user who uses some stimulant drug. B. A substance user who uses cocaine. C. A substance user who has a high-risk of adverse outcomes as a result of their substance use. D. A substance user who has a diagnosis of substance use disorder.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cocaine user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000927 1_1_r4t5wwsk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'temperature homeostasis'?","A. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. B. A homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature. C. Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. D. A chemical homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of iron within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,temperature homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001659 1_1_9m9t1uyi,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete IRanges'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete IRanges,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000230 1_1_a6adf7hh,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'snow generating level'?","A. _:756 B. The altitude at which ice crystals and snowflakes begin to melt as they descend through the atmosphere. In cloud physics and in radar meteorology, this is the accepted term for the 0?C constant-temperature surface (see bright band). It is physically more apt than the corresponding operational term, freezing level, for melting of pure ice must begin very near 0?C, but freezing of liquid water can occur over a broad range of temperatures (between 0? and -40?C; see supercooling). See also freezing point, ice point, melting point. C. The top of the mesosphere and the base of the thermosphere. The mesopause is usually located at heights of 85?95 km, and is the site of the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere. Temperatures as low as 100 K (- 173?C) have been measured at the mesopause by rockets. See atmospheric shell. D. A layer in the middle or upper troposphere in widespread precipitation in which ice crystals form in small convective cells and fall to lower altitudes.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,snow generating level,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoWeather/SnowGeneratingLevel 1_1_hc9rtzdr,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ceftaroline fosamil acetate monohydrate'?","A. An organic sodium salt that is the heptahydrate form of pemetrexed disodium. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). B. A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of dasabuvir sodium; used in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. C. A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of ceftaroline fosamil acetate. A prodrug for ceftaroline, used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. D. A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ceftaroline fosamil acetate monohydrate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_70714 1_1_lk8vyf5k,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'caerulomycin A'?","A. A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 9, a methoxy group at position 3 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively. B. A member of the class of chromenes that is 2H-chromene substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2, methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a (3R)-3-methoxybutanoyl group at position 6. Isolated from the leaves of Mallotus apelta, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. C. A pyridine alkaloid that is 2,2'-bipyridine substituted by a methoxy group at position 4 and a (E)-(hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 6. Isolated from the marine-derived actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. D. An aromatic ether that is diphenyl ether in which both phenyl groups are substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group and at position 5 by a methyl group.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,caerulomycin A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_69231 1_1_2k8go75p,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'multiscan'?","A. This packages provides a targeted pre-processing method for GC-MS data. B. The purpose of this package is to provide a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for quality assessment and to identify differentially expressed genes in the Affymetrix gene expression data. C. A multiscan is an R package for combining multiple scans D. A set of functions to create and interact with dynamic documents and vignettes.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,multiscan,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_1100067 1_1_2iwji5ey,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'aerial tuber storage parenchyma'?","A. A portion of tuber storage parenchyma that is part of an aerial tuber . B. A portion of tuber storage parenchyma that is part of a subterranean tuber . C. An upper glume of tassel spikelet that is part of a tassel pedicellate spikelet. D. A portion of storage parenchyma that is part of a tuber .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,aerial tuber storage parenchyma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025039 1_1_55iv4we2,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of suddenness'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the pleasantness of an object or event. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event occurred suddenly. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents an evaluation of how suddenly an event occurred. D. A cognitive representation of the emotional relevance of an object or event to the organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of suddenness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000057 1_1_7qu0mbg9,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'trust'?","A. A negative emotion that is aversive and provoked by the prospect of distal threat. B. Interest is a positive emotion which motivates learning, exploration and curiosity. Feelings of interest are associated with the novelty and complexity of stimuli. [Source: OCEAS] C. A positive emotion which is experienced in reaction to a positive experience or event. [Source: OCEAS] D. A positive emotion characterized by assured reliance regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process involves an appraisal that the entity is reliable, safe, good and/or honest.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,trust,https://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000224 1_1_kx4gu4s7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'lymphoid leukemia'?","A. A leukemia that has_material_basis_in a B-cell or T-cell lineage involving primarily the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. B. A cancer that affects the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells. C. A leukemia that results_in an overwhelming number of tissue mast cells located_in peripheral blood. D. A lymphocytic leukemia characterized by over production of B-cells and their accumulation in bone marrow and blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,lymphoid leukemia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1037 1_1_swhwlwrg,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'candesartan'?","A. A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension. B. A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid. C. A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. D. A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by (2S)-oxetan-2-ylmethyl, (4-{6-[(4-cyano-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyridin-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)methyl, and carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, and 6, respectively. It is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,candesartan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3347 1_1_sn7bmcfl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'impulse control disorder'?","A. A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psychological or physical development. B. A disease of mental health that involves a failure to resist an impulsive act or behaviour that may be harmful to self or others. C. A disease of mental health in which the normally well-integrated functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness are separated (dissociated). D. A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,impulse control disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_10937 1_1_0nlsrcjo,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'LP.14 fourteen leaves visible stage'?","A. The stage at which leaves at fourteen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. B. The stage at which leaves at seventeen nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground. C. The stage at which the leaves produced by SAM are visible above the ground in a seedling or mature plant. D. The stage at which leaves at five nodes, other than the cotyledonary node, are visible above ground.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,LP.14 fourteen leaves visible stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007085 1_1_e9rboyk6,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'superficial parotid lymph node'?","A. A parotid lymph node that is located superficially. B. A lymph node that is located close to the surface. C. A group of 12-20 lymph nodes that lie in the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the great saphenous vein; they drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lower abdominal wall, perineum, buttocks, external genitalia, and lower limbs. D. A lymph node located in the back of the head adjacent to the trapezius muscle.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,superficial parotid lymph node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015923 1_1_omagaqs0,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'motor vehicle operator, all other'?","A. Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members. B. All motor vehicle operators not listed separately. C. Prepare meals in private homes. Includes personal chefs. D. Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"motor vehicle operator, all other",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53309900 1_1_9r0f4gli,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'otosclerosis 3'?","A. An otosclerosis that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-3 gene (OTSC3) on loci chromosome 6p. B. An otosclerosis that is characterized by conductive hearing impairment and that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-5 gene (OTSC5) on loci 3q22-q24. C. An otosclerosis that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-7 gene (OTSC7) on loci chromosome 6q13. D. An otosclerosis that has_material_basis_in the locus associated with otosclerosis-10 gene (OTSC10) on loci chromosome 1q41-q44.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,otosclerosis 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060922 1_1_lr2456pl,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of sensory perception of pain'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception of pain. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of sensory perception of pain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904058 1_1_srzrg926,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'embryonic placenta morphogenesis'?","A. The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants. B. The process in which the zygote irreversibly increases in size in one dimension after fertilization. An example of such a process is found in Arabidopsis thaliana. C. The process in which the embryonic placenta is generated and organized. D. The morphogenetic process in which cells are removed from the inner loop of a semicircular canal.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,embryonic placenta morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060669 1_1_gb6beuyy,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'passive cloud'?","A. Fine particles of pulverized rock. B. A principal cloud type (cloud genus) in the form of individual, detached elements that are generally dense and posses sharp nonfibrous outlines. C. A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts. D. Small cumulus clouds that are everywhere negatively buoyant compared to the surrounding environment, but that exist because the inertia of the rising thermals feeding them from underneath is sufficient to penetrate the lifting condensation level (LCL). Morphologically, these are often cumulus humilis clouds and are typically found at the top of the convective boundary layer during daytime over land, when a strong temperature inversion aloft prevents the clouds from growing deeper. Compare active cloud, passive cloud.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,passive cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/PassiveCloud 1_1_267awqf8,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intestinal epithelium'?","A. Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. B. A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. D. A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,intestinal epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001277 1_1_34t6qnhi,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,4-diphenylfuran'?","A. An isoquinoline alkaloid having a tetrahydroisoquinoline core with 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl, methoxy and hydroxy groups at the 1-, 6- and 7-positions respectively; major species at pH 7.3. B. A member of the class of diphenyl furans that is furan in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by phenyl groups. C. A diphenylfuran in the the phenyl groups are located at positions 2 and 5 on the furan ring. D. A diphenylfuran in the the phenyl groups are located at positions 2 and 4 on the furan ring.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,4-diphenylfuran",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50461 1_1_bhejbnpo,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'activation of store-operated calcium channel activity'?","A. OBSOLETE. The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells. B. A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of store-operated calcium channel activity. D. The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,activation of store-operated calcium channel activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032237 1_1_o2hyiomb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'major depressive disorder'?","A. An individual human behaviour that relates to a material entity. B. A depressive disorder that is characterized by at least two weeks of loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities or depressed mood along with additional cognitive or somatic impairments such as appetite or weight changes, sleep difficulties, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, diminished ability to think or concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, and suicidality. C. A mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, emptiness, or irritability and decreased ability to function. D. A flavoured e-liquid in which the e-liquid flavouring is designed to have a fruit flavour.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,major depressive disorder,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1470 1_1_o5k82djb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Whole above ground biomass yield at harvest'?","A. The whole above ground biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. B. None C. Panicles sample fresh weight D. Proportion of harvested panicle weight over whole above ground biomass weight.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Whole above ground biomass yield at harvest,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0000553 1_1_s324tjvf,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'atracción hacia el mismo sexo'?","A. Interpersonal attractions between members of the same gender (or sex, depending on the organism in question). B. Attraction in which someone appreciates the appearance, beauty, or aesthetics of another person or persons, disconnected from sexual or romantic attraction. C. The desire to get to know someone, often as a result of their personality instead of their physicality. D. The attraction between people which leads to the development of relationships or which results in a kind of positive attitude or evaluation regarding a particular person.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,atracción hacia el mismo sexo,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001232 1_1_w1aq4rph,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'utricle capsule fruit'?","A. A capsule fruit which at maturity dehisces through the release of a fruit operculum . B. A phyllome margin that is part of a leaf . C. A circumscissile capsule fruit which at maturity contains one seed that is not attached to a pericarp . D. A leaf apex of a laminar vascular leaf that is slender and coiling.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,utricle capsule fruit,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030097 1_1_qk9kxw70,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'DNA transport'?","A. The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. The directed movement of DNA into a cell that contributes to the process of transformation, the uptake of foreign genetic material into a cell. D. The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,DNA transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051027 1_1_1hqq9cio,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'pneumatic drill'?","A. A hand tool that uses air-power to drill holes or destroy hard surfaces like rock, concrete, or asphalt B. A hand tool for domestic use, especially in the kitchen. C. A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge. D. A tool with a flat, smooth rubber blade, used to remove or control the flow of liquid on a flat surface.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,pneumatic drill,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03500028 1_1_wtbzcyz0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Gari fibre'?","A. Presence of woody filaments or crude fibers in Fufu B. Gari fibre C. Sugar content D. Suitability of the root to make Gari",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Gari fibre,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_334:0000378 1_1_l3nbot21,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms'?","A. Any process evolved to enable an interaction with an organism of a different species. B. A biological process by which an individual has biomarker evidence of amyloid-beta accumulation with elevated tracer retention on PET amyloid imaging and/or low amyloid-beta 42 in CSF assay, but no detectable evidence of additional brain alterations suggestive of neurodegeneration or subtle cognitive and/or behavioral symptomatology. C. Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. D. The process in which amyloid-beta is removed from extracellular brain regions by mechanisms involving cell surface receptors.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044419 1_1_a9ggy92d,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete flowStats'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete flowStats,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000541 1_1_kjb3e82f,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesosphere'?","A. The mantle is divided into sections based upon results from seismology. The upper mantle is the region from 33–410 km (20 to 254 miles). The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust. [Wikipedia] B. The asthenosphere is a portion of the upper mantle just below the lithosphere. Seismic waves pass relatively slowly through the asthenosphere, compared to the overlying lithospheric mantle, thus it has been called the low-velocity zone. [Wikipedia] C. The uppermost mantle plus overlying crust are relatively rigid and form the lithosphere, an irregular layer with a maximum thickness of perhaps 200 km. [Wikipedia] D. The mesosphere refers to the mantle in the region between the asthenosphere and the outer core. The upper boundary is defined as the sharp increase in seismic wave velocities and density at a depth of 660 km. [Wikipedia]",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mesosphere,http://sweetontology.net/realmGeol/Mesosphere 1_1_f3izrrtd,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'air crew member'?","A. Perform in-flight duties to ensure the successful completion of combat, reconnaissance, transport, and search and rescue missions. Duties include operating aircraft communications and detection equipment, including establishing satellite linkages and jamming enemy communications capabilities; conducting preflight, in-flight, and postflight inspections of onboard equipment; operating and maintaining aircraft weapons and defensive systems; operating and maintaining aircraft in-flight refueling systems; executing aircraft safety and emergency procedures; computing and verifying passenger, cargo, fuel, and emergency and special equipment weight and balance data; and conducting cargo and personnel drops. B. Implement unconventional operations by air, land, or sea during combat or peacetime as members of elite teams. These activities include offensive raids, demolitions, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and counterterrorism. In addition to their combat training, special forces members often have specialized training in swimming, diving, parachuting, survival, emergency medicine, and foreign languages. Duties include conducting advanced reconnaissance operations and collecting intelligence information; recruiting, training, and equipping friendly forces; conducting raids and invasions on enemy territories; laying and detonating explosives for demolition targets; locating, identifying, defusing, and disposing of ordnance; and operating and maintaining sophisticated communications equipment. C. All military enlisted tactical operations and air/weapons specialists and crewmembers not listed separately. D. Operate and monitor communications, detection, and weapons systems essential for controlling air, ground, and naval operations. Duties include maintaining and relaying critical communications between air, naval, and ground forces; implementing emergency plans for natural and wartime disasters; relaying command center information to high-level military and government decisionmakers; monitoring surveillance and detection systems, such as air defense; interpreting and evaluating tactical situations and making recommendations to superiors; and operating weapons targeting, firing, and launch computer systems.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,air crew member,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_55301100 1_1_cgarc0dc,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'anxious mood'?","A. A mood process that is is a general feeling of well-being and gives rise to a heightened disposition to happiness, amusement and other positively valenced emotions. B. A mood process that is a general feeling of enjoyment and festivity and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience happiness, joy and other positively valenced emotions. C. A mood process is a mental process that involves affect (is valenced), and gives rise to a number of behavioural dispositions, but unlike an emotion has no object. Moods are usually longer-lived than emotion processes, but there are exceptions. D. A mood process that is a generalised feeling of fearfulness and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience anxiety, fear and other negatively valenced emotions.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,anxious mood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000196 1_1_7mgn6c6m,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'postprocedural cardiac insufficiency following cardiac surgery'?","A. a heart defect in which there are holes between the chambers of the right and left sides of the heart, and the valves that control the flow of blood between these chambers may not be formed correctly. B. A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper. Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive. C. any cardiac complications occurring in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) D. heart muscle's pump function is reduced following heart surgery",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,postprocedural cardiac insufficiency following cardiac surgery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000599 1_1_ifauyz4x,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Resourcerer'?","A. Class definitions for two-color spotted microarray data. Fuctions for data input, diagnostic plots, normalization and quality checking. B. This package allows user either to read an annotation data file from TIGR Resourcerer as a matrix or convert the file into a Bioconductor annotation data package using the AnnBuilder package. C. Find significantly enriched gene classifications in a list of functionally undescribed genes based on their InterPro domain structure. D. Testing whether sets of genes (e.g. KEGG pathways of GO terms) are significantly associated with a clinical variable of interest.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Resourcerer,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000358 1_1_ghbokv8i,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Immunity'?","A. An action-power consists in a generic power to produce a legal effect through an action determining it. Also called Subjections B. Also called Disabilities C. In law, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. The term may also refer to the collective body of case law that a court should consider when interpreting the law. When a precedent establishes an important legal principle, or represents new or changed law on a particular issue, that precedent is often known as a landmark decision. D. A hohfeldian power covers any action which determines a legal effect.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Immunity,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Immunity 1_1_2tu0s48p,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lung'?","A. Lobular organ, each instance of which has some pulmonary acinus as its essential morphological unit. Eaxmple: There are right and left lungs. B. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate the lacrimal sac. Examples: There only two, right lacrimal and left lacrimal glands. C. Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of glandular acini which communicate with oral cavity. Examples: parotid gland, sublingual gland, lingual salivary gland. D. Lobular organ, each instance of which has some hepatic lobule as its essential morphological unit. Eaxmple: There is only one liver.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lung,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 1_1_9j1oaa3o,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger'?","A. Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger with respect to age-dependent norms. B. The presence of abnormal punctate (speckled, dot-like) calcifications in the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger. C. Abnormally large size of the epiphysis located at the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the thumb with respect to age-dependent norms. D. Irregular radiographic opacity of the epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Enlarged epiphysis of the distal phalanx of the 3rd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009338 1_1_2175qn8y,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'radiative cooling'?","A. Radiant energy per unit time passing some specified area from one side. B. The lowering of temperature during night time, due to a net loss of radiant energy. C. In meteorology, the result of radiative cooling of the earth's surface and adjacent air. Radiational cooling occurs, as is typical on calm, clear nights D. In radiation, the net flux of radiation into or out of a system. As a consequence of radiative forcing there must be some change to the nonradiative energy states of the system.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,radiative cooling,http://sweetontology.net/phen/RadiativeCooling 1_1_25p5t0zb,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency'?","A. A syndrome characterized by severe hypogammaglobulinemia, combined T and B cell immunodeficiency, absent lymph node germinal centers, absent tissue plasma cells, hepatic vascular occlusion, and fibrosis that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SP110 gene on chromosome 2q37.1. B. A syndrome characterized by the higher than normal tendency associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 to develop breast and ovarian cancers in genetically related families. C. A syndrome characterized by severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, congenital cataract, microcornea, microphthalmia, agenesis or hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and hypogenitalism. D. A syndrome characterized by short stature, brachycephaly and other facial abnormalities, brachydactyly, joint stiffness and distinctive ocular abnormalities.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0112254 1_1_b9kjf5gv,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'dystonia 9'?","A. A dystonia characterized by focal dystonia or tremor and mild cognitive impairment that has_material_basis_in homozygous missense mutation in the TSPOAP1 gene. B. A dystonia characterized by progressive, generalized dystonia associated with cognitive decline and cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging that has_material_basis_in homozygous loss-of-function mutation in the TSPOAP1 gene (610764) on chromosome 17q22. C. A dystonia that is characterized by paroxysmal choreoathetosis and progressive spastic paraplegia, with episodes often precipitated by alcohol, fatigue, or emotional stress, and that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance of heterozygous mutation in the solute carrier family 2 member 1 (SLC2A1) gene on chromosome 1p34. D. A dystonia characterized by dystonia, chorea, athetosis, and other hyperkinetic movements that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the TMEM151A gene on chromosome 11q13.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,dystonia 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090044 1_1_db9n7awc,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'submucosa of pyloric antrum'?","A. A submucosa that is part of a pylorus [Automatically generated definition]. B. The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. C. A submucosa that is part of a pyloric antrum [Automatically generated definition]. D. A C-type lectin domain family 7 member A that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,submucosa of pyloric antrum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004936 1_1_fr534j8r,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'endoderm-derived structure'?","A. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. B. An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. C. An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. D. Respiration organ that develops as an outpocketing of the esophagus.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,endoderm-derived structure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004119 1_1_y24ji9wp,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'White'?","A. A general term for a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and the United States. In Alaska, the term Eskimo is commonly used, because it includes both Yupik and Inupiat, while Inuit is not accepted as a collective term. In Canada and Greenland, the term Eskimo has fallen out of favor, as it is considered pejorative by the natives and has been replaced by the term Inuit. B. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. C. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Philippine Islands. D. A person having origins in the original peoples of the Pacific Islands, but not Guam, Hawaii, the Mariana Islands or Samoa.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,White,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ExO_0000158 1_1_ty2a3itz,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Van Maldergem syndrome 2'?","A. A familial nephrotic syndrome characterized by onset of proteinuria in the first or second decade of life, mesangial hypercellularity, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and effacement of podocyte foot processes that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the KIRREL1 gene on chromosome 1q23.1. B. A Van Malergem syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the FAT4 gene on chromosome 4q28. C. A syndrome characterized by facial abnormalities such as telecanthus, epicanthus, broad flattened nose, large inverted W-shaped mouth and malformed ears, malformed extremities such as camptodactyly, clinodactyly, interdigital webbing and joint hyperlaxity and mental retardation. D. A Van Maldergem syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the DCHS1 gene on chromosome 11p15.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Van Maldergem syndrome 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080586 1_1_32g71x8b,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'supplemental motor cortex'?","A. Component of the orbtial frontal cortex. The rostral boundary is the first slice where the medial orbital gyrus became visible whereas the caudal boundary is the disappearance of the medial orbital gyrus/gyrus rectus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the cingulate cortex on the u2018inflatedu2019 surface and the medial bank of the superior frontal gyrus (or the cingulate gyrus when visible) respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). B. Regional part of telencephalon lying on the basal surface and bounded by the olfactory trigone rostrally, the diagonal band medially and caudally and the prepiriform cortex laterally. It is characterized by many perforations caused by small blood vessels entering the gray matter (Meyer et al., J. Comp. Neurol 284: 405, 1989). C. Component of the middle frontal gyrus The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the middle frontal gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). D. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex (perirolandic, i.e. on each side of the Rolando or central sulcus). It was included, on purely cytoarchitectonic arguments, in area 6 of Brodmann and the Vogts. It is located on the medial face of the hemisphere, just in front of primary motor cortex. This is an element that appeared late in evolution, in monkeys, linked to the appearance of a true medial pallidum.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,supplemental motor cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016636 1_1_wiy9vuqj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Panicles sample dry weight'?","A. The leaf biomass expressed fresh (field) basis that was harvested per unit area. B. Panicles sample dry weight C. Main shoot panicle dry weight D. Proportion of harvested panicle weight over whole above ground biomass weight.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Panicles sample dry weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_324:0001029 1_1_xqmsiv8k,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'skeletal system development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. C. Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,skeletal system development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001501 1_1_ahylo1m7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf lamina vein'?","A. A phyllome lamina vein that is part of a leaf lamina vascular system . B. A leaf lamina vein arising from a secondary leaf vein . C. A vascular bundle that is part of a phyllome lamina . D. A leaf lamina vein arising from a primary leaf vein .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf lamina vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020138 1_1_6molkytq,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of desirability of consequences'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal of the extent to which something is good or beneficial. B. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the expected consequences of an event are desirable. C. An appraisal of desirability that represents an evaluation of the desirability of the expected consequences of an event. D. An appraisal that represents an evaluation that the expected consequences of an event are undesirable.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of desirability of consequences,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000085 1_1_7otficl0,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044492 1_1_nxtmqr9s,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'recycling coordinator'?","A. Cut, grind, and polish eyeglasses, contact lenses, or other precision optical elements. Assemble and mount lenses into frames or process other optical elements. Includes precision lens polishers or grinders, centerer-edgers, and lens mounters. B. Supervise curbside and drop-off recycling programs for municipal governments or private firms. C. Handle baggage for travelers at transportation terminals or for guests at hotels or similar establishments. D. Research rates, routings, or modes of transport for shipment of products. Maintain awareness of regulations affecting the international movement of cargo. Make arrangements for additional services, such as storage or inland transportation.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,recycling coordinator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_53104201 1_1_72m4nuuc,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Desire'?","A. Intention is where the agent expects certain consequences of his or her actions and desires those consequences to occur. This concept must be related to qualification and preference in some way. B. A feeling of wanting C. An evaluative attitude expresses e.g. a judgment. The proposition qualified by the evaluative attitude is comparable to something else. D. A propositional attitude connects a person (the holder of the attitude) to some proposition, in fact it expresses some qualification over the proposition. Distinguishing a proposition from the propositional content expressed by it is necessary when properties relating to the thing expressed and properties of the expression itself must be distinguished. For LKIF the distinction between Belief, Intention, Qualification, and Observation is relevant. The distinction between belief/expectation, intention, and observation is relevant for i.a. establishing mens rea (guilty mind). The distinction between beliefs (expressing the content of the mind of an agent) and statements (expressing the content of an act of communication by an agent) is classical.",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Desire,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Desire 1_1_61ab4fzr,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'education administrator, kindergarten through secondary'?","A. Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the academic, administrative, or auxiliary activities of kindergarten, elementary, or secondary schools. C. Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members. D. Study the nature and use of areas of the Earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. Conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants, and animals, and conduct research on the spatial implications of human activities within a given area, including social characteristics, economic activities, and political organization, as well as researching interdependence between regions at scales ranging from local to global.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"education administrator, kindergarten through secondary",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_11903200 1_1_e0si96hr,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'radial velocity'?","A. _:250 B. A fault on which there is increasing offset or separation along the strike from an initial point of no offset, with reverse offset in the opposite direction. C. The time rate of change of a position vector; that is, a change of position expressed in terms of speed and direction. D. The component of a three-dimensional velocity vector oriented along the radial direction from the origin point or axis in polar, cylindrical, or spherical coordinates. In connection with Doppler radar, the radial velocity component is called Doppler velocity.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,radial velocity,http://sweetontology.net/propSpeed/RadialVelocity 1_1_k2ahxylq,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'baclofen'?","A. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. B. A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 and a 4-chlorophenyl group at position 3. C. A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. D. Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,baclofen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2972 1_1_zfdzaqsx,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'muscle cell cellular homeostasis'?","A. The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a neuron in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state. B. Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state at the level of the cell. C. The cellular homeostatic process that preserves a muscle cell in a stable functional or structural state. D. A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within a cell.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,muscle cell cellular homeostasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046716 1_1_s7b0zzei,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'viral pneumonia'?","A. a lung infection that inflames and infects the aveoli B. pneumonia caused by other diseases C. Inflammation of the lung that is caused by viral infection; causes air sacs in lungs to fill up with fluid. D. a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within the intra-alveolar space",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,viral pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000144 1_1_ohmzbjax,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'whole plant fruit formation stage 70% to final size'?","A. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 10% to 30% of final size. B. A whole plant fruit formation stage that begins when the first fruit on a whole plant that has no other fruits as part enters a fruit initiation stage and ends when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 10% of final size. C. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 70% of its final size to its final size. D. A whole plant fruit formation stage that spans the interval when the average size of fruits on a whole plant has reached 30% to 50% of its final size.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,whole plant fruit formation stage 70% to final size,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0007027 1_1_pd2cihuf,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-Asp-Leu'?","A. A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-lysine residues. B. A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-serine joined by a peptide linkage. C. A dipeptide that is the N-(L-alpha-aspartyl) derivative of L-leucine. D. A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-asparagine with the amino group of L-arginine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-Asp-Leu,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68596 1_1_d3jdtiyp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'SKI - Measurement'?","A. LP (Lint percent) = 100*(25_boll_lint_weight/25_boll_sample_weight) B. Verticillium wilt incidence on is calculated in seedling stage, as the ratio between the number of infected plants and the total number of plants. OR: Disease incidence = No. of infected plants x 100 Total no. of plant assessed C. Weight in grams of seed coats per 100 seeds D. Verticillium wilt severity (or disease infection index) is calculated in flowering stage. the formula is: DI=[Ʃ(Ni × i)/(N × i)] × 100, Where i is the maximum disease grade, Ni, the number of plants with corresponding disease grade and N the number of total investigated plants",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,SKI - Measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000415 1_1_qdnah828,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'laboratory finding'?","A. A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. B. TODO: Define. C. A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. D. A family of highly-conserved proteins that are synthesized in response to hyperthermia (heat shock), hypoxia, or other stresses that appear to increase cellular thermal tolerance and enable cells to recover from stress. Some heat shock proteins may protect other proteins from denaturation, degradation or perform functions essential to cell survival under these conditions.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,laboratory finding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000018 1_1_lmdrhhd9,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'customs broker'?","A. Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas. B. Collect and organize data concerning the distribution and circulation of ground and surface water, and data on its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Measure and report on flow rates and ground water levels, maintain field equipment, collect water samples, install and collect sampling equipment, and process samples for shipment to testing laboratories. May collect data on behalf of hydrologists, engineers, developers, government agencies, or agriculture. C. Prepare customs documentation and ensure that shipments meet all applicable laws to facilitate the import and export of goods. Determine and track duties and taxes payable and process payments on behalf of client. Sign documents under a power of attorney. Represent clients in meetings with customs officials and apply for duty refunds and tariff reclassifications. Coordinate transportation and storage of imported goods. D. Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative and quantitative analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for research and development of new products or processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards, and other work involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,customs broker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13104108 1_1_i13vv6rm,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z)-14-hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid'?","A. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy substituent at position 14. B. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid that is (7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy substituent at position 17. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators. C. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid that is (8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosapentaenooic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at positions 7 and 17. An intermediate of specialised proresolving mediators. D. A hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid that is (4Z,7Z,11Z,13Z,15E)-docosapentaenoic acid carrying two hydroperoxy substituents at positions 10 and 17.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z)-14-hydroperoxydocosapentaenoic acid",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136354 1_1_kdjyz6rl,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling'?","A. The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. B. The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle. C. The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid. D. The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0034372 1_1_0zfcwapg,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'native plant cell'?","A. A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). B. A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). C. A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. D. A mining process during which materials are extracted from benthic environments deep below the ocean surface, where no stellar radiation reaches..",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,native plant cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025606 1_1_feteff9l,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Nested Effects Models'?","A. This includes exhaustive enumeration, triple-based inference,pairwise heuristic, module based inference, greedy hillclimbing B. multiple testing which includes controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER), generalized family-wise error rate (gFWER), tail probability of the proportion of false positives (TPPFP), and false discovery rate (FDR). Tests based on a variety of t- and F-statistics (including t-statistics based on regression parameters from linear and survival models as well as those based on correlation parameters) are included. C. In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation or ODE is an equation containing a function of one independent variable and its derivatives. The term ""ordinary"" is used in contrast with the term partial differential equation which may be with respect to more than one independent variable. D. BCRANK is a method that takes a ranked list of genomic regions as input and outputs short DNA sequences that are overrepresented in some part of the list.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Nested Effects Models,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000305 1_1_64b4cv7u,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for fitting and adjustment of extracorporeal dialysis catheter'?","A. Encounter for fitting and adjustment of extracorporeal dialysis catheter B. improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness C. Encounter for other specified aftercare D. an occurance that requires attention to a gastrostomy procedure",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for fitting and adjustment of extracorporeal dialysis catheter,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000389 1_1_449g0x49,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cholinergic drug'?","A. Any drug that binds to but does not activate cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. B. A substance used for its pharmacological action on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function. C. Any drug that binds to and activates cholinergic receptors. D. Any drug used for its actions on cholinergic systems. Included here are agonists and antagonists, drugs that affect the life cycle of acetylcholine, and drugs that affect the survival of cholinergic neurons.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cholinergic drug,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38323 1_1_fezbkdmz,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lie'?","A. The assertion is subject to a fit between words and world, in Searle's terms. It's propositional content can be true of false. If it is inconsistent with other assertions, beliefs, observations, it may come to be considered false. B. An argument is a reason that is expressed through some medium C. Not to be confused with the actual writing/document itself, which is the medium of the statement. D. An assertion that is inconsistent with the beliefs of the speaker. It is *intentionally* false.",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Lie,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/expression.owl#Lie 1_1_uda56djp,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Permission required for derivative work'?","A. Derivative code same license is a restrictive derivatives clause where derivative software must be released under the same license. B. Restrictions on derivative software is a derivatives clause which allows the creation of derivatives but which also places some kind of restriction on how derivative software may be created. C. Permission required for derivative work is a clause which restricts the production of derivative work based on the licensed resource only to licensees who have received explicit permission in the manner stipulated by the resource. D. Derivative code linked same license is a restrictive derivatives clause where code may only be linked to in derivative software that is released under the same license.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Permission required for derivative work,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000144 1_1_d4dqwzbd,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'clinical trial phase 2'?","A. A clinical trial phase that is designed to study a biomedical or behavioral intervention in a larger group of people (several hundred), to evaluate the drug's effectiveness for a particular indication in patients with the disease or condition under study, and to determine the common short-term side effects and risks associated with the intervention. [def-source: NCI] B. A clinical trial phase that is designed for a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a drug for a given indication. Often they are designed to study side effects that may have become apparent after the phase III study was completed. [def-source: NCI] C. A clinical trial phase that is designed to investigate the efficacy of the biomedical or behavioral intervention in large groups of human subjects (from several hundred to several thousand), to confirm efficacy, to monitor adverse reactions to the new medication or treatment regimen with respect to long-term use and by comparing the intervention to other standard or experimental interventions as well as to a placebo. [def-source: NCI] D. A clinical trial phase that represents the first-in-man trial, which tests within a small group of people (typically 20-80) to evaluate safety, determine safe dosage ranges, and begin to identify side effects. A drug's side effects could be subtle or long term, or may only happen with a few people, so phase 1 trials are not expected to identify all side effects.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,clinical trial phase 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CTO_0000204 1_1_bxstqth9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'angular momentum'?","A. In physics, the angular momentum of an object rotating about some reference point is the measure of the extent to which the object will continue to rotate about that point unless acted upon by an external torque. In particular, if a point mass rotates about an axis, then the angular momentum with respect to a point on the axis is related to the mass of the object, the velocity and the distance of the mass to the axis. While the motion associated with linear momentum has no absolute frame of reference, the rotation associated with angular momentum is sometimes spoken of as being measured relative to the fixed stars. B. A descriptive term, usually for rock, which results from explosive magma ejection [Wikipedia] C. The sporadic radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over the middle and high latitudes. D. 1. In general, any tornado over a body of water. 2. In its most common form, a nonsupercell tornado over water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,angular momentum,http://sweetontology.net/propRotation/AngularMomentum 1_1_t1druigk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sciatica'?","A. A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg B. The result of thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries in the brain C. a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination. D. A degenerative disease of the brain characterized by the insidious onset of dementia. Impairment of memory, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe apraxias and a global loss of cognitive abilities.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Sciatica,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000514 1_1_1ejnq193,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactoside(1-)'?","A. Major species at pH 7.3. B. The carboxylate anion of a 1,2-diacyl-3-[3-(alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminyl)-beta-D-galactosyl]-sn-glycerol. C. An N-acetylneuraminate obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactoside D. An N-acetylneuraminate that is the conjugate base of any alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactoside, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactoside(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140308 1_1_6xun6ihc,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pandharpuri'?","A. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which sun/fire dried tobacco leaves are mixed with ash to form a quid. B. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is manufactured to be held in the mouth. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of dried tobacco flakes. D. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of tobacco which is sometimes flavoured with menthol and sold as small teabag like pouches.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pandharpuri,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000993 1_1_mw1cdqnf,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'B-lymphoblastic leukemia with ZNF384 rearrangement'?","A. A B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma that is characterized by the presence of lymphoblasts that carry a translocation between the E2A gene on chromosome 19 and the PBX1 gene on chromosome 1. B. A B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma that is composed of B-lymphoblasts which contain less than 46 chromosomes. C. A B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma associated with ZNF384 gene rearrangement. D. A B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma associated with MYC gene rearrangement.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,B-lymphoblastic leukemia with ZNF384 rearrangement,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070628 1_1_kotic7na,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'fusoxypene C'?","A. A sesterterpene that is produced by a sesterterpene synthase from Streptomyces violens B. A tricyclic sesterterpene derivative. C. A sesterterpene produced by terpene sythase from Lentzea atacamensis. D. A sesterterpene produced by a terpene synthase from Lentzea atacamensis.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,fusoxypene C,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_191387 1_1_4mun5oaq,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'complement receptor type 2 (mouse)'?","A. A lymphocyte antigen 6G that is encoded in the genome of mouse. B. A complement receptor type 2 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. C. A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein 1 that is encoded in the genome of mouse. D. A myelin basic protein that is encoded in the genome of mouse.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,complement receptor type 2 (mouse),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P19070 1_1_d3wo66pq,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'appraisal of causal agency'?","A. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of the urgency of responding to an event. B. An emotional-relevance appraisal which represents a judgement about the direction and nature of the social attention surrounding an event. C. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents a judgement that one is being disliked D. An emotional-relevance appraisal that represents an evaluation of who or what caused an event.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,appraisal of causal agency,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000075 1_1_bxoba01s,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of transport'?","A. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanosome transport.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of transport,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051049 1_1_tp7vnz4x,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'finger-in-anus intercourse'?","A. Sexual intercourse in which the finger is inserted into the anus. B. Sexual intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the anus. C. Sexual intercourse in which an object, typically a sex toy, is inserted into the anus. D. Sexual intercourse in which the tongue is inserted into the anus.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,finger-in-anus intercourse,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000769 1_1_vyj6ugzq,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'energy engineer, except wind or solar'?","A. Research, design, develop, or test microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. B. Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work. C. Design, develop, or evaluate energy-related projects or programs to reduce energy costs or improve energy efficiency during the designing, building, or remodeling stages of construction. May specialize in electrical systems; heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems; green buildings; lighting; air quality; or energy procurement. D. Design underground or overhead wind farm collector systems and prepare and develop site specifications.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"energy engineer, except wind or solar",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17219903 1_1_r38d67ri,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'alpine tundra'?","A. In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica), and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. B. A geologic feature is a conceptual feature a that is hypothesized to exist coherently in the Earth that results from geological processes C. Alpine tundra is an ecozone that does not contain trees because it has high altitude. Alpine tundra occurs at high enough altitude at any latitude on Earth. Alpine tundra also lacks trees, but the lower part does not have permafrost, and alpine soils are generally better drained than permafrost soils. Alpine tundra transitions to subalpine forests below the tree line; stunted forests occurring at the forest-tundra ecotone are known as Krummholz. Alpine tundra occurs in an alpine zone D. [Mechanical or Seismic Definition of Structure] In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the planet. The [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,alpine tundra,http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra 1_1_77tk4ume,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'food additive carrier'?","A. A humectant that is used as a food additive to prevent foodstuffs from drying out. B. A food additive used to form or maintain a uniform emulsion of two (or more) phases in a food. C. A food additive that intensifies, retains or stabilises the colour of a food. D. A food additive that is used to dilute, disperse or dissolve a food additive or nutrient without altering its function. Carriers are used to facilitate the handling or use of the food additive or nutrient.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,food additive carrier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059 1_1_3f6a4faf,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. B. The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of the cytosolic argininosuccinate synthase in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044468 1_1_gdbuvht1,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'thymocyte migration'?","A. The movement of a thymocyte through distinct intrathymic niches (e.g. medulla, cortex), where it receives a unique set of developmental cues required for T-cell development. B. The movement of a T cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. C. An ion consisting of more than one atom. D. The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,thymocyte migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0072679 1_1_dvt7vrjm,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'auto convective lapse rate'?","A. The rate of decrease of temperature with elevation B. Nucleation is the extremely localized budding of a distinct thermodynamic phase. Some examples of phases that may form via nucleation in liquids are gaseous bubbles, crystals, or glassy regions. C. The environmental lapse rate of temperature in an atmosphere in which the density is constant with height (homogeneous atmosphere), equal to g/R, where g is the acceleration of gravity and R the gas constant. D. Ground speed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. It is the sum of the aircraft's true airspeed and the current wind and weather conditions; a headwind subtracts from the ground speed, while a tailwind adds to it. Winds at other angles to the heading will have components of either headwind or tailwind as well as a crosswind component.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,auto convective lapse rate,http://sweetontology.net/propTemperatureGradient/AutoConvectiveLapseRate 1_1_zh98h85z,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'lake breeze'?","A. A violent northeast wind of Central Asia occurring during spring and summer. B. A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat. C. A strong southwest wind on the southern shore of the Gulf of Aden, especially at Berbera, Somaliland, during the southwest monsoon. D. Nocturnal cold-air jet flowing out of the mouth of a valley or canyon as it opens onto a plain.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,lake breeze,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/LakeBreeze 1_1_opr8dyya,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'transport across blood-brain barrier'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving imidazoles, five-membered organic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, or any of its derivatives; compounds containing an imidazole skeleton. B. Binding to glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid. C. Trophoblast cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. Trophoblast cells line the outside of the blastocyst. D. The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-brain barrier.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,transport across blood-brain barrier,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0150104 1_1_d39gr8ab,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Syndesmosis'?","A. Nonsynovial joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments. Examples: sagittal suture, distal tibiofibular joint, dento-alveolar joint. B. Fibrous joint in which the periodontal ligament connects a tooth to the alveolar bone of the maxilla or mandible. Examples: Dento-alveolar joint of incisor tooth. C. Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the vertebral column and the limbs as well as articulating ossicles, are connected by skeletal ligaments or membranes. Examples: Intervertebral syndesmosis, inferior tibiofibular joint. D. Fibrous joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages of the skull are connected by sutural ligaments (scant amount of collagenous dense connective tissue). Examples: sagittal suture, frontal suture.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Syndesmosis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7494 1_1_m75cos74,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'biaryl'?","A. Benzenoid aromatic compounds containing two phenyl or substituted-phenyl groups which are joined together by a single bond. B. Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring. C. An organic aromatic compound whose structure contains two aromatic rings or ring systems, joined to each other by a single bond. D. A heterocyclic compound formally derived from an arene by replacement of one or more methine (-C=) and/or vinylene (-CH=CH-) groups by trivalent or divalent heteroatoms, respectively, in such a way as to maintain the continuous pi-electron system characteristic of aromatic systems and a number of out-of-plane pi-electrons corresponding to the Hueckel rule (4n+2).",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,biaryl,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64459 1_1_5ko7ulp0,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-proteinogenic amino acid'?","A. A 3-oxoacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid. B. The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. C. A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which the hydrogen atom at the 4 position of each of the phenyl groups is substituted by an amino group. It is active against a wide range of bacteria, but is mainly employed for its actions against Mycobacterium leprae, being used as part of multidrug regimens in the treatment of all forms of leprosy. D. Any amino-acid that is not naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,non-proteinogenic amino acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83820 1_1_txxpqyh0,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'first order ear inflorescence axis'?","A. A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a plant embryo and is the uppermost cell formed after the first division of a zygote. B. A first order inflorescence axis that is the primary axis of an ear inflorescence . C. A first order inflorescence axis that is the primary axis of a tassel inflorescence . D. An inflorescence axis that is the primary or main axis of an inflorescence .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,first order ear inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006505 1_1_zm7el1u6,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'internal female genitalia'?","A. A female organ involved in reproduction. B. The internal feminine genital organs, including the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, uterine cervix, and vagina. C. A transient endocrine gland that develops from the postovulatory or atretic follicles and secretes progesterone; it is thought to be related to egg retention[PMID]. D. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,internal female genitalia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003975 1_1_57cb6tyx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'head'?","A. A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. B. Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. C. A head that is part of a embryo. D. The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO].",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,head,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000033 1_1_j5mwltl9,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'aldehydo-L-xylose'?","A. The furanose form of L-xylose. B. The pyranose form of L-xylose. C. A xylose of ring-opened form having L-configuration. D. Any xylose with L-configuration.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,aldehydo-L-xylose,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17979 1_1_ss6kycwf,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'equity instrument'?","A. security that can be transferred to another party B. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified C. financial instrument representing an ownership interest in an entity or pool of assets D. financial instrument that can be bought or sold",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,equity instrument,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/EquityInstrument 1_1_9wzdvzy6,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate'?","A. A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol substituted by a 11-[butyl(methyl)amino]-11-oxoundecyl group at position 7R. It is a steroidal antioestrogen that inhibits the cell proliferation of breast-carcinoma cell lines. B. A deoxyguanosine phosphate having a monophosphate group located at the 3'-position. C. A 2'-deoxyadenosine phosphate having a monophosphate group located at the 3'-position. D. A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,2'-deoxyadenosine 3'-monophosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_580387 1_1_twel04yu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geophysics'?","A. Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their environment. B. Seismology (from the Greek seismos = earthquake and λόγος,logos = knowledge ) is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth. The field also includes studies of earthquake effects, such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes (such as explosions). C. Geophysics, a branch of Earth sciences, is the study of the Earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. The theories and techniques of geophysics are employed extensively in the planetary sciences in general. D. Tectonics is a field of study within geology concerned generally with the structures within the crust of the Earth (or other planets) and particularly with the forces and movements that have operated in a region to create these structures. Tectonics is concerned with the orogenies and tectonic development of cratons and tectonic terranes as well as the earthquake and volcanic belts which directly affect much of the global population. Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores. A subfield of tectonics that deals with tectonic phenomena in the geologically recent period is called neotectonics.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,geophysics,http://sweetontology.net/humanKnowledgeDomain/Geophysics 1_1_t582ndhv,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'psychological framework'?","A. A framework built upon a particular theory of stress. B. A framework built upon a particular scientific theory. C. An alteration or difference from a norm or standard, or a purported norm or standard. D. A framework built upon a particular psychological theory.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,psychological framework,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010391 1_1_b44p0pig,"In the ontology of Public Procurement, which of the following definitions best describes 'Contract with lots'?","A. Class describing contracts whose object is the acquisition of supplies. B. Class of the contract that have lots. C. Class describing contracts that are an actual lot of another contract. D. Class to describe harmonized contracts (i.e. contracts that reachs the threshold to be treated as highlighted in the procurement Directives of the European Commision and European Council).",B,1_1,legal/public_procurement_ontology,Contract with lots,http://contsem.unizar.es/def/sector-publico/pproc#ContractWithLots 1_1_q3hsaztg,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'a memory'?","A. A mental disposition to represent a proposition to be true. B. A structural capacity that shapes how an object of intentionality is represented for the subject. C. A memory is a mental disposition that is realized in a process of remembering, i.e. a memory of X is a disposition realized in the process of remembering X. D. A mental disposition is a bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,a memory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000070 1_1_xewu9c6v,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily cannabis user'?","A. A cannabis user who ingests cannabis through edible products. B. A cannabis user who vapes cannabis. C. A cannabis user who smokes cannabis. D. A cannabis user who uses cannabis products daily.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily cannabis user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000800 1_1_fesc3tsa,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'medullary thyroid carcinoma'?","A. A thyroid gland carcinoma that has_material_basis_in compact bundles of long spindle epithelial cells that merge with tubulopapillary structures and/or mucinous glands. B. A thyroid gland carcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells of glandular origin. C. A thyroid gland carcinoma that has_material_basis_in parafollicular cells. D. A thyroid gland carcinoma containing a medullary carcinoma component that is immunohistochemically positive for calcitonin, and follicular cell-derived carcinoma component that is immunohistochemically positive for thyroglobulin.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,medullary thyroid carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3973 1_1_76vodlmp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'sex worker'?","A. A protein coding gene in humans. B. A person who participates in nicotine replacement therapy use. C. A person who receives money or goods in exchange for sexual services. D. A person who was a tobacco smoker in the past but who is not currently a tobacco smoker.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,sex worker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001086 1_1_me6vv10m,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'production, planning, or expediting clerk'?","A. Help electricians by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying, or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. B. Coordinate and expedite the flow of work and materials within or between departments of an establishment according to production schedule. Duties include reviewing and distributing production, work, and shipment schedules; conferring with department supervisors to determine progress of work and completion dates; and compiling reports on progress of work, inventory levels, costs, and production problems. C. Feed, water, and examine pets and other nonfarm animals for signs of illness, disease, or injury in laboratories and animal hospitals and clinics. Clean and disinfect cages and work areas, and sterilize laboratory and surgical equipment. May provide routine postoperative care, administer medication orally or topically, or prepare samples for laboratory examination under the supervision of veterinary or laboratory animal technologists or technicians, veterinarians, or scientists. D. Mix and bake ingredients to produce breads, rolls, cookies, cakes, pies, pastries, or other baked goods.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"production, planning, or expediting clerk",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43506100 1_1_dgm1om9d,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'materials engineer'?","A. Develop and execute software tests to identify software problems and their causes. Test system modifications to prepare for implementation. Document software and application defects using a bug tracking system and report defects to software or web developers. Create and maintain databases of known defects. May participate in software design reviews to provide input on functional requirements, operational characteristics, product designs, and schedules. B. Plan, direct, or coordinate the selling, buying, leasing, or governance activities of commercial, industrial, or residential real estate properties. Includes managers of homeowner and condominium associations, rented or leased housing units, buildings, or land (including rights-of-way). C. Evaluate materials and develop machinery and processes to manufacture materials for use in products that must meet specialized design and performance specifications. Develop new uses for known materials. Includes those engineers working with composite materials or specializing in one type of material, such as graphite, metal and metal alloys, ceramics and glass, plastics and polymers, and naturally occurring materials. Includes metallurgists and metallurgical engineers, ceramic engineers, and welding engineers. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of sales workers other than retail sales workers. May perform duties such as budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to supervisory duties.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,materials engineer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17213100 1_1_y4wtqx2o,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'student prostitution'?","A. Sex work services engaged in by students, particularly those in institutions of higher learning, for a variety of purposes ranging from drug addiction to financial instability arising from college loans. B. Prostitution and/or sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party. Forced prostitution is a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim's rights of movement through coercion and because of their commercial exploitation. C. Sexual rites consisting of sexual intercourse or other sexual activity performed in the context of religious worship, perhaps as a form of fertility rite or divine marriage (hieros gamos). D. The business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,student prostitution,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003477 1_1_tl2k7b74,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of CD86 production'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process. B. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CD86 biosynthetic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of CD86 production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0150142 1_1_iergr4rb,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'progesterone'?","A. An oxo steroid carrying an oxo group at position 20. B. A C21-steroid hormone in which a pregnane skeleton carries oxo substituents at positions 3 and 20 and is unsaturated at C(4)-C(5). As a hormone, it is involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans and other species. C. A pregnane-based steroidal hormone produced by the outer-section (zona glomerulosa) of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland, and acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to cause the conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, increased water retention, and increased blood pressure. The overall effect of aldosterone is to increase reabsorption of ions and water in the kidney. D. An androstanoid having 17beta-hydroxy and 3-oxo groups, together with unsaturation at C-4-C-5..",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,progesterone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17026 1_1_yfcgv5yk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'parkeol'?","A. A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. B. A 3beta-sterol having double bonds in the 5- and 7-positions and a methylene group at position 24. C. A tetracyclic triterpenoid comprised of a lanostane skeleton which is 3beta-hydroxylated and has double bonds at the 9(11)- and 24-positions. D. A 3beta-sterol having the structure of campestanol with a hydroxy group at the 6alpha-position.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,parkeol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63460 1_1_370umjfv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of protein tetramerization'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein tetramerization. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homotetramerization.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of protein tetramerization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901090 1_1_gzfrwbx5,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'exempt security'?","A. security that is not transferable to another party B. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified C. security that is exempt from certain regulatory rules D. security that can be transferred to another party",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,exempt security,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/ExemptSecurity 1_1_j6zgnroh,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gray matter of telencephalon'?","A. A substance that diminishes the rate of a chemical reaction. B. A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon. C. A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.[GO]. D. A gray matter that is part of a cerebral hemisphere.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,gray matter of telencephalon,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011300 1_1_9s4mzndb,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-serine-phosphatidylcholine phosphatidyltransferase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + L-serine = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + choline. B. Catalysis of the reaction: CoA + substrate-serine = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + substrate-serine-4'-phosphopantetheine. The transfer of the 4'-phosphopantetheine (Ppant) co-factor from coenzyme A to the hydroxyl side chain of the serine residue of acyl- or peptidyl-carrier protein (ACP or PCP) to convert them from the apo to the holo form. C. Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + CDP-ethanolamine = L-serine-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylglycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide D-glucose = 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + membrane-derived-oligosaccharide 6-(glycerophospho)-D-glucose.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,L-serine-phosphatidylcholine phosphatidyltransferase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0106258 1_1_io6fmj55,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'animal food product'?","A. A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. B. A food product that is derived from some animal. C. A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. D. This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,animal food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00004242 1_1_fu2yyi5s,"In the ontology of People, which of the following definitions best describes 'broadsheet'?","A. All newspapers are either broadsheets or tabloids. B. A newspaper. Broadsheets are usually considered to be more ""high-brow"" than tabloids. C. A newspaper. Tabloids are usually thought of as more ""down-market"" than broadsheets. D. A human propelled vehicle, with two wheels",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,broadsheet,http://owl.man.ac.uk/2006/07/sssw/people#broadsheet 1_1_5wpdvudb,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'number of days required to achieve abstinence'?","A. A data item that is about how much money the person spends on average each week buying tobacco in UK pounds. B. A data item which indicates the number of years a person has been smoking cigarettes. C. A data item which indicates the number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week. D. A data item which indicates the number of days required to achieve abstinence from alcohol.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,number of days required to achieve abstinence,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000727 1_1_pxq97zfx,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ocean water'?","A. Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. B. Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, surpassing the average salinity of seawater. C. Saline water which is derived from sea water and used during the cultivation of crustaceans. D. Saline water which has has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and which has its composition and properties maintained through processes including hydrological cycling, continental weathering, porewater burial, mineral deposition, ion exchange reactions, and ecological processes.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ocean water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002149 1_1_ug9vi3io,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear'?","A. A lower glume that is part of an ear spikelet. B. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear sessile spikelet. C. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet. D. A portion of xylem tissue that is a distinct ring-like structure composed of tracheids , that is part of a seed and surrounds the hilum and forms a groove in the surface of the pericarp immediately adjacent to the hilum.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lower glume of pedicellate spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006437 1_1_nawxm3th,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'drepanium inflorescence'?","A. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of determinate inflorescence axes that bear pedicellate flowers in a single plane, with the latest-developing flowers on the highest order inflorescence axis, found at the center of the inflorescence. B. An inflorescence with a sympodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of pedicellate flowers on determinate inflorescence axes , each of which develops at progressively more acute angles from each higher inflorescence axis . C. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage is composed of a radially-enlarged, determinate, first order inflorescence axis with sessile flowers . D. An inflorescence with a monopodial growth habit, which at flowering stage , is composed of an indeterminate, first order inflorescence axis and pedicellate flowers on indeterminate higher order inflorescence axes .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,drepanium inflorescence,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030135 1_1_6lpv1v0q,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-cinnamoylglycine'?","A. An N-acylglycine that is N-methylglycine in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a benzoyl group. B. An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group contains 18 carbons and 2 double bonds. C. An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl (cinnamoyl). D. An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,N-cinnamoylglycine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68616 1_1_iaonydv5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dermal pulp of feather shaft'?","A. Organ that consists of receptor cells located within an epidermal invagination and functions as an electroreceptor. B. A tissue that is part of a cavity of feather shaft. C. A floor plate that is part of a neural tube [Automatically generated definition]. D. A connective tissue cell of the nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dermal pulp of feather shaft,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011800 1_1_bcgj52s6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Biliary tree'?","A. Hollow tree organ which is connected to larynx and maximal set of alveolar ducts. Examples: There is only one tracheobronchial tree. B. Hollow tree, the organ parts of which are arteries, veins or lymphatic vessels and its lumen contains either blood or lymph. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), portal venous tree (organ), thoracic duct tree. C. Hollow tree organ which is continuous with the hepatic capillary bed and duodenum. Examples: There is only one biliary tree. D. Organ with organ cavity, which consists of an arborizing set of tubular organ parts, the walls of which are continuous and surround a continuous lumen. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), tracheobronchial tree, biliary tree.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Biliary tree,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14665 1_1_i2si68wo,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesoscale cellular convection'?","A. D layer is the layer which separates the mantle from the core. D may consist of material from subducted slabs that descended and came to rest at the core-mantle boundary and/or from a new mineral polymorph discovered in perovskite called post-perovskite.[Wikipedia] B. A bow-shaped line of convective cells that is often associated with swaths of damaging straight-line winds and small tornadoes. C. An organized unit of convection within a convecting layer. It is isolated by a stream surface, with ascending motion in the center and descending motion near the periphery, or vice versa. D. A regular pattern of convective cells that can develop in an atmospheric boundary layer heated from below or radiatively cooled from cloud top. This phenomenon is readily observed in satellite imagery during cold air outbreaks when continental air passes over the relatively warm coastal ocean. Cloud lines, marking horizontal roll vortices, form initially in the developing marine atmospheric boundary layer. These lines evolve into open cells, which are defined by clouds in the upward motion along the edges of honeycomb- shaped cells, with less cloudy subsiding air in their centers. The convective structure further evolves into closed cells, which have cloudy centers and cloud-free edges.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mesoscale cellular convection,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPressure/MesoscaleCellularConvection 1_1_o1bxm1pl,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mountain fog'?","A. A type of fog caused by the advection of moist air over a cold surface, and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dewpoint. B. Fog formed by orographic lifting to condensation of moist air up a mountain slope. C. A common type of fog, produced over a land area when radiational cooling reduces the air temperature to or below its dewpoint. D. Fog, light and of short duration, produced by the mixing of two moist but nonsaturated air masses with different temperatures.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mountain fog,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoFog/MountainFog 1_1_m29nk686,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Unspecified pneumoconiosis'?","A. A condition due to lack of oxygen in respired air due to inhaling too much carbon monoxide B. A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (asbestosis; byssinosis; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population. C. Pneumonitis (noo-moe-NIE-tis) is a general term that refers to inflammation of lung tissue D. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Unspecified pneumoconiosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000191 1_1_xoaolwol,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'first-line supervisor of security worker'?","A. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of security workers and security guards. B. Pick up and deliver messages, documents, packages, and other items between offices or departments within an establishment or directly to other business concerns, traveling by foot, bicycle, motorcycle, automobile, or public conveyance. C. Record drugs delivered to the pharmacy, store incoming merchandise, and inform the supervisor of stock needs. May operate cash register and accept prescriptions for filling. D. In a gambling establishment, conduct financial transactions for patrons. Accept patron's credit application and verify credit references to provide check-cashing authorization or to establish house credit accounts. May reconcile daily summaries of transactions to balance books. May sell gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to patrons, or to other workers for resale to patrons. May convert gambling chips, tokens, or tickets to currency upon patron's request. May use a cash register or computer to record transaction.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,first-line supervisor of security worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_33109100 1_1_n8mnlidk,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'galanthamine'?","A. A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. B. A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine C. A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. D. An omega-carboxyacyl-CoA having succinoyl as the S-acyl component.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,galanthamine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_42944 1_1_22ll2mih,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'bicyclic compound'?","A. A bicyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are carbon. B. A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. C. Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. D. A molecule that features two fused rings.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,bicyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33636 1_1_gtguyknj,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ratio between subplot ground cover area and its respective convex hull area - Computation '?","A. Calculated as weight of big size tubers per plot divided by total number of big size tubers per plot B. Averaged crop vigor expressed in days from median emergence to 80% of maximum ground cover in subplots. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 80% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. C. Computation of the substraction between the necessary time before 95% and 5% emergence using after-fitting inverse regression of log-logistic time-to-event modeling of weekly sprout counts expressed in days after planting D. Averaged crop cover compactness over two subplots images around time of 50% of maximum ground cover. Ground cover computed from weekly images analysis. Time at 50% of maximum growth computed via inverse regression of time to event Beta ground cover dynamic model. Images choosen as near as possible of date of time at 50% of maximum growth . Compactness computed as the ration between ground cover area (pixels) and its respective convex hull area (pixels).",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ratio between subplot ground cover area and its respective convex hull area - Computation ,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_343:0100226 1_1_9cr3wl7v,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette starter kit'?","A. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and contain e-liquid. B. A product that is manufactured to be part of an e-cigarette and to heat e-liquid during e-cigarette use to produce a vapour. C. A product that is an e-cigarette together with packing, instructions and spare parts required to use the e-cigarette for an initial period. D. An artifact that has a product role.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette starter kit,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000226 1_1_7xcstp64,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Warthog'?","A. An animal that eats both plants and animals (or parts thereof) B. Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat only leaves. C. Warthogs are mostly herbivourous but sometimes eat meat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog D. Note cf v1: I changed the 'only' to 'some' in the ""eats some herbivore"", and made into equivalent class cf subclass, so I can get my lion1 be classified as an instance of Lion. and 'closed' the axiom.",C,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Warthog,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Warthog 1_1_9axi64ju,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'didehydroagroclavine'?","A. An organic cation obtained by protonation of the four amino groups of methoctramine. B. An organic cation obtained by protonation at position 3 in the oxazole ring of N-demethylindolmycin. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). C. An organic cation resulting from the conversion of the carboxylate group of tetramethylrhodamine to the corresponding ethyl ester. D. A cationic ergot alkaloid that is the 6,8-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetradehydro derivative of ergoline.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,didehydroagroclavine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65036 1_1_5q5uh77w,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervical adenosquamous carcinoma'?","A. A cervical cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives_from melanocytes. B. An alveolar soft part sarcoma and cervical soft tissue tumor and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri that is located_in the cervix. C. A cervical carcinoma that derives_from squamous cells and gland-like cells. D. A cervical cancer that has_material_basis_in carcinomatous (epithelial tissue) and sarcomatous (connective tissue) components.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cervical adenosquamous carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_5636 1_1_px3ppv7n,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b (human)'?","A. A tachykinin-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. B. A low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b that is encoded in the genome of human. C. A galectin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. D. A lactotransferrin that is encoded in the genome of human.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b (human),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_P31994 1_1_43drxcqx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior lateral line system'?","A. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. B. A protein with a domain composition consisting of a large extracellular domain, including five Ig-like C2-type domains followed by two copies of the Fibronectin type-III domain (Pfam:PF00041), a single-pass transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. C. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. D. A line of sensory organs and associated structures along the sides of fish and amphibia that detect vibrations and pressure changes.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,anterior lateral line system,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2001468 1_1_hgdjvip7,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the thumb'?","A. An anomaly of the shape or form of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. B. An uneven increase in bone density of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. C. This term applies if the proximal phalanx of the thumb is either small/hypoplastic or absent. In contrast to the proximal phalanges of the digits 2-5, the proximal phalanx of the thumb is embryologically equivalent to the middle phalanges of the other digits, whereas the first metacarpal is embryologically of phalangeal origin and as such equivalent to the proximal phalanges of the other digits. D. A thumb with three phalanges in a single, proximo-distal axis. Thus, this term applies if the thumb has an accessory phalanx, leading to a digit like appearance of the thumb.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Abnormality of the proximal phalanx of the thumb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009618 1_1_jy6xm2pu,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'graupel'?","A. Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. B. Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. C. Snow which is composed of heavily rimed particles typically 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter (0.1 to 0.2 inch). D. Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,graupel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001876 1_1_1h88grwz,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'L5/6 cck GABAergic interneuron (Mmus)'?","A. An auditory hair cell found in the cochlea. B. A GABAergic cortical interneuron that expresses cck. L5/6 cck cells have soma found mainly in L5 and L6 and have large axonal arborization. C. A sst GABAergic cortical interneuron that has ""fanning-out' Martinotti morphology that is found in layer 2/3/5 of the cerebral cortex. They have local axon arbor and long ascending axons that spreads horizontally and arborizes significantly in L1. D. Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,L5/6 cck GABAergic interneuron (Mmus),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_4023071 1_1_p9fk2pw7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4'?","A. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that has_material_basis_in mutation in the VAPB gene on chromosome 20. B. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is characterized by random occurance of ALS without any known cause or familial member with ALS. C. An amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with juvenile onset that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SETX gene on chromosome 9. D. A juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that is slowly progressive with concomitantly progressive dementia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060196 1_1_zbwamwtu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'PstriInc Estimation'?","A. Standard method for Stripe rust incidence. B. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at temperature lower than the optimum temperature and rate the tolerance. C. Standard method for straw yield. D. Standard method for seed vitreousness.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,PstriInc Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000725 1_1_uxnwenm1,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Multi Instance Loop Activity'?","A. An activity is a generic term for work that company performs. An activity can be atomic or non-atomic (compound). The types of activities that are a part of a Process Model are: Process, Sub-Process, and Task. Tasks and Sub-Processes are rounded rectangles. Processes are either unbounded or a contained within a Pool. B. Transaction, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Sub-Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2). C. An event is something that ""happens"" during the course of a business process. These events affect the flow of the process and usually have a cause (trigger) or an impact (result). Events are circles with open centers to allow internal markers to differentiate different triggers or results. There are three types of Events, based on when they affect the flow: Start, Intermediate, and End. D. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram.",A,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Multi Instance Loop Activity,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#multi_instance_loop_activity 1_1_dl634297,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'public bill'?","A. Bills which govern the relation between individuals and the goverment, and those relationships between individuals which are of direct concern to society. B. The body of legislation that relates to crime. C. A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature. D. The body of bills that relate to crime.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,public bill,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012082 1_1_plncuely,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia of the upper vagina'?","A. Aplasia of the vagina. B. A failure to develop of the upper vagina. C. An EC 6.4.* (C-C bond-forming ligase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of a carboxylating enzyme (EC 6.4.1.*). D. A failure to develop of the lower part of the vagina.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia of the upper vagina,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012673 1_1_j8kpbkdr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'infraorbital artery'?","A. A pair of HA are connect one to each AA1. They run rostromedially until at the extreme rostro-ventral midline the two vessels merge and then run straight caudally along the ventral midline until they reach the cranial end of the ventral aorta (VA). There, the single HA passes just dorsal to the rostral end of the VA and then immediately splits again into a pair of HA. The paired HA continue caudally just to either side of the ventral midline. The HA provide blood supply to the ventral branchial region and the heart.sogai et al. 2001. B. A branch of the descending genicular artery, the last branch (most distal) of the femoral, the saphenous is also variable. It usually lies between the sartorius and the garcilis muscles and supplies their distal ends. The artery accompanies the saphenous nerve. It usually supplies the skin on the medial and proximal part of the leg. The artery may continue to join, in varying degrees, the dorsalis pedis artery and plantaris pedis arteries. C. The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye. [WP,unvetted]. D. After the primitive prosencephalic artery forms it becomes disconnected from the cranial division of the internal carotid artery and instead it connects to the anterior mesencephalic central artery and the communicating vessels of the palatocerebral artery.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,infraorbital artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004646 1_1_e5axo3vn,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Finger'?","A. Zone of muscle organ where fascial sheath of muscle tissue forms tendon. B. Segment of hand distal to wrist. C. Fiat anatomical line of head bounded by right subalare and left subalare. D. Subdivision of the hand demarcated from the hand proper by the skin crease in line with the distal edge of finger webs. Examples: thumb, right middle finger, left little finger.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Finger,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9666 1_1_9kf8a6ce,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cultivation status'?","A. 2nd Most important use of the source population B. CULTIVATION STATUS C. COLLECTION DATE OF ORIGINAL SAMPLE (in the format YYYYMMDD) D. Specify the age, in years, of the population",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Cultivation status,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000646 1_1_92j4kcy3,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sediment permeated by saline water'?","A. Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. B. Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. C. Revise adjacent to. Consider sampled stream sediment. Dry stream sediment. D. Sediment which has its porespace filled by water with increased levels of sodium chloride and other salts.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sediment permeated by saline water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001036 1_1_zmm1o7c6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'taper'?","A. Apply insulating materials to pipes or ductwork, or other mechanical systems in order to help control and maintain temperature. B. Receive and process incoming orders for materials, merchandise, classified ads, or services such as repairs, installations, or rental of facilities. Generally receives orders via mail, phone, fax, or other electronic means. Duties include informing customers of receipt, prices, shipping dates, and delays; preparing contracts; and handling complaints. C. Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul railroad rolling stock, mine cars, or mass transit rail cars. D. Seal joints between plasterboard or other wallboard to prepare wall surface for painting or papering.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,taper,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47208200 1_1_5sszmql2,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'concierge'?","A. Assist patrons at hotel, apartment, or office building with personal services. May take messages; arrange or give advice on transportation, business services, or entertainment; or monitor guest requests for housekeeping and maintenance. B. Buy merchandise or commodities, other than farm products, for resale to consumers at the wholesale or retail level, including both durable and nondurable goods. Analyze past buying trends, sales records, price, and quality of merchandise to determine value and yield. Select, order, and authorize payment for merchandise according to contractual agreements. May conduct meetings with sales personnel and introduce new products. May negotiate contracts. Includes assistant wholesale and retail buyers of nonfarm products. C. Draw blood for tests, transfusions, donations, or research. May explain the procedure to patients and assist in the recovery of patients with adverse reactions. D. Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,concierge,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39601200 1_1_rkmzsxsr,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'medial-nasal process ectoderm'?","A. An ectoderm that is part of a medial nasal prominence [Automatically generated definition]. B. Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. C. An epithelium that is part of a frontonasal prominence. D. An ectoderm that is part of a footplate.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,medial-nasal process ectoderm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005233 1_1_jtsdm632,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharmaceutical'?","A. Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. B. Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. C. Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. D. Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,pharmaceutical,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52217 1_1_ujex5zec,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'basal root'?","A. A shoot-borne internode root that arises from a part of the hypocotyl . B. Stage of gynoecium development that begins when the carpel primordia arise. C. A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a leaf lamina . D. A shoot-borne root that arises from a shoot axis internode .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,basal root,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025002 1_1_vvplco7l,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ciliary epithelium'?","A. An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. B. An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. C. A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. D. An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ciliary epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001778 1_1_7ejgi3za,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'persons in the BDSM community'?","A. LGBTQ culture specific to the African American gay male community and persons within those communities. B. Individuals who are members of the BDSM community or any of its various subcommunities. C. Oral stimulation of the clitoris primarily using the tongue and lips. D. Individuals who are associated with BDSM practices or communities.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,persons in the BDSM community,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012005 1_1_gd7zxsan,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'stream'?","A. A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography B. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier C. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. Thus, the enclosed body of water behind a barrier reef or barrier islands or enclosed by an atoll reef is called a lagoon. Lagoon refers to both coastal lagoons formed by the build-up of sandbanks or reefs along shallow coastal waters, and the lagoons in atolls, formed by the growth of coral reefs on slowly sinking central islands. Lagoons that are fed by freshwater streams are also called estuaries D. A spring is a point where groundwater flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface. Dependent upon the constancy of the water source (rainfall or snowmelt that infiltrates the earth), a spring may be ephemeral (intermittent) or perennial (continuous).",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,stream,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/Stream 1_1_mj5m0xvf,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'underground stream'?","A. A stream which is composed primarily of fresh water. B. A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. C. A river that is under the surface of the Earth. D. A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,underground stream,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000060 1_1_pap7vzrg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'planned process'?","A. A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. B. A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome. C. A in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates. D. A process that is causally influenced by consumption of alcohol by a person.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,planned process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000011 1_1_mmk7sjdz,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kelvin helmholtz billows'?","A. A synoptic-scale cloud pattern frequently observed in satellite imagery just prior to the onset of cyclogenesis. B. A cloud plume often observed to extend downwind from isolated, sharp, often pyramid-shaped mountain peaks, even on otherwise cloud-free days. C. 1. Cloud forms that arise from Kelvin?Helmholtz waves. 2. Vortical structures that result from the growth and nonlinear development of unstable waves in a shear flow. The billows get their name from the instability responsible for the growth of the unstable waves, Kelvin?Helmholtz instability. D. A commonly used term for clouds of the species lenticularis.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kelvin helmholtz billows,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/KelvinHelmholtzBillows 1_1_ttkkadv6,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'optician, dispensing'?","A. Assemble, install, repair, or maintain electric or hydraulic freight or passenger elevators, escalators, or dumbwaiters. B. Design, measure, fit, and adapt lenses and frames for client according to written optical prescription or specification. Assist client with inserting, removing, and caring for contact lenses. Assist client with selecting frames. Measure customer for size of eyeglasses and coordinate frames with facial and eye measurements and optical prescription. Prepare work order for optical laboratory containing instructions for grinding and mounting lenses in frames. Verify exactness of finished lens spectacles. Adjust frame and lens position to fit client. May shape or reshape frames. Includes contact lens opticians. C. Supervise and coordinate activities of personal service workers. D. Directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"optician, dispensing",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29208100 1_1_jcja2353,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemotherapy procedure'?","A. A therapeutic procedure that uses synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals B. A therapeutic procedure in which a body part is transferred into a organism C. A therapeutic procedure that uses radiation. D. A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process.",A,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,chemotherapy procedure,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000113 1_1_qafircdn,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracoacromial vein'?","A. A vein that is tributary of the axillary vein and drains blood from the thoracoacromial region, including the pectoral, shoulder, and clavicular regions. B. Vein that drains the axilla. C. The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein. D. A portal vein that empties into capillaries within the kidneys.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,thoracoacromial vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8600074 1_1_0rmp9zu6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'liver disease, unspecified'?","A. liver is damaged which makes it hard to digest food. B. any disturbance of liver function that causes illness. C. liver failure D. Disease resulting in the inflammation of the liver",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"liver disease, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000574 1_1_lqronlq5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms associated with FGFR1 abnormalities'?","A. A myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 that is characterized by the rearrangement of the PDGFRB gene, most often resulting in the formation of ETV6-PDGFRB fusion transcripts. B. A myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 that is characterized by the rearrangement of the FGFR1 gene, resulting in translocations with an 8p11 breakpoint. C. A myeloid neoplasm that is characterized by the formation of abnormal fusion genes that encode constitutively activated tyrosine kinases. D. A myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, and FGFR1 that is characterized by the rearrangement of the PDGFRA gene, most often resulting in the formation of FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion transcripts.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms associated with FGFR1 abnormalities,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080167 1_1_yuwp8upy,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'made4'?","A. This package provides S4 data structures and basic functions to deal with flow cytometry data. B. Basic infrastructure for using oligonucleotide microarray reporter sequence information for preprocessing and quality assessment. For general work with genomic sequences, this package is inadequate. Please refer to the Biostrings package for that. C. Multivariate data analysis and graphical display of microarray data. Functions include between group analysis and coinertia analysis. It contains functions that require ADE4. D. This package provides quality control and quality assessment tools for flow cytometry data.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,made4,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000609 1_1_8fhcgngl,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ethnic food shop'?","A. A shop in which a business offers food products for sale or trade. B. A food shop in which the food products on offer are restricted to those produced in a region and cultural setting other than that of the shop's locality. C. A self-service shop offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household products, organized into sections. D. A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ethnic food shop,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000988 1_1_t509rb49,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. C. The process that results in the return of receptor molecules to an active state and an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,low-density lipoprotein receptor particle metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032799 1_1_eg9nk935,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'exclusive cannabis smoker'?","A. A cannabis smoker who only smokes their cannabis. B. A randomised controlled trial design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention under conditions similar to those that would obtain were the intervention to be delivered in routine practice. C. A cannabis user who smokes cannabis. D. A planned process to choose which of two or more study processes will be applied to a study participant.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,exclusive cannabis smoker,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000805 1_1_x4tgh7zu,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Biological Object'?","A. This class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms. Artificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Human-Made Object.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. The class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy). In some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects”, i.e. naturally defined objects (Smith & Varzi, 2000). The decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. Legendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity. In a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real person (an instance of E21 Person), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of E21 Person does not imply that the concept comprises personae.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E20 Biological Object,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E20_Biological_Object 1_1_7ue2iv72,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'subjective want'?","A. A that is an attraction to an imagined scenario involving anticipated pleasure or satisfaction. B. An that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli. C. A subjective emotional feeling involving experience directly resulting from sensory processes. It includes touch, brightness, loudness. D. A subjective emotional feeling that generates a need state and arises from deviation of a physiological state from a target state established as a result of innate or learned processes.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,subjective want,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050317 1_1_b18l08tg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesencephalic artery'?","A. The pulmonary artery that supplies the left lung. B. The buccal artery (buccinator artery) is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the external maxillary and with the infraorbital. [WP,unvetted]. C. The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein. D. An artery that branches from the facial artery that runs forward under the mouth, then turns upward upon reaching the chin.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,mesencephalic artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001634 1_1_l7e5f1m5,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'S-oxy-L-cysteine'?","A. L-Proline in which a hydrogen at the 4-position of the pyrrolidine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group (S-configuration). B. A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic. C. A cysteine derivative consiting of L-cysteine carrying an S-oxy-substituent. D. A serine derivative obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the thiol function of O-(pantetheine-4'-phosphoryl)serine.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,S-oxy-L-cysteine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41630 1_1_uzp7bpin,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'years of education'?","A. A data item that indicates the number of years an individual was or has been in education. B. A data item which is the ratio of observed deaths in the study group to expected deaths in the general population. C. A data item that represents a human being who has received an intervention intended to result in cessation of an addictive behaviour and who, after a period of abstinence, has resumed the behaviour. D. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,years of education,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001094 1_1_y5ct5j9w,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pulmonary artery'?","A. One of two (deep circumflex and superficial circumflex) iliac arteries that supply the lower abdomen, inguinal lymph nodes, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae. B. An artery that carries deoxygenated blood from heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries (other than umbilical arteries in the fetus) that carry deoxygenated blood.. C. The femoral artery is a large artery in the muscles of the thigh. It is a continuation of external iliac artery where it enters the femoral triangle at the mid inguinal point behind the inguinal ligament. It leaves femoral triangle through apex beneath the sartorius muscle. It enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the 5th osseo-aponeurotic(adductor hiatus) opening of adductor magnus where it becomes the Popliteal Artery. [WP,unvetted]. D. The superior gluteal artery (gluteal artery) is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel. It is a short artery which runs backward between the lumbosacral trunk and the first sacral nerve, and, passing out of the pelvis above the upper border of the Piriformis, immediately divides into a superficial and a deep branch. Within the pelvis it gives off a few branches to the Iliacus, Piriformis, and Obturator internus, and just previous to quitting that cavity, a nutrient artery which enters the ilium. [WP,unvetted].",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pulmonary artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002012 1_1_jov96xck,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'packaging equipment'?","A. A manufacturing equipment piece which is used to package material. B. An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. C. A manufactured product which is capable of some manufacturing process. D. An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,packaging equipment,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03501364 1_1_24i4vl7d,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'logging equipment operator'?","A. Press or shape articles by hand or machine. B. Drive logging tractor or wheeled vehicle equipped with one or more accessories, such as bulldozer blade, frontal shear, grapple, logging arch, cable winches, hoisting rack, or crane boom, to fell tree; to skid, load, unload, or stack logs; or to pull stumps or clear brush. Includes operating stand-alone logging machines, such as log chippers. C. Grind, sand, or polish, using hand tools or hand-held power tools, a variety of metal, wood, stone, clay, plastic, or glass objects. Includes chippers, buffers, and finishers. D. Use axes or chainsaws to fell trees using knowledge of tree characteristics and cutting techniques to control direction of fall and minimize tree damage.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,logging equipment operator,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_45402200 1_1_r19cbajx,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'homodetic cyclic peptide'?","A. An eight-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence L-leucine, L-serine, L-alpha-glutamic acid, L-threonine, L-alpha-glutamic acid, L-threonine, N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine, D-leucine. B. A homodetic cyclic peptide is a cyclic peptide in which the ring consists solely of amino-acid residues in peptide linkages. C. A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues. D. A homodetic cyclic peptide that is malacidin A in which the (2E,4Z)-8-methylnona-2,4-dienoyl group has been replaced by a (2E,4Z)-8-methyldeca-2,4-dienoyl group.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,homodetic cyclic peptide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24613 1_1_uqjcny7n,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Segway 1.2'?","A. BZScan is a free java tool for automatic quantification of DNA microarrays with radioactive labeling. BZScan provides saturation, overshining, and background noise correction, it also gives quality control measures. It can work either in a fully automatic ""batch mode"" or at different levels of manual operation. B. ChipSkipper - an integrated tool for analysis, evaluation and quantitation of DNA micro-array data C. The free Segway software package contains a novel method for analyzing multiple tracks of functional genomics data. Our method uses a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model, which enables it to analyze the entire genome at 1-bp resolution even in the face of heterogeneous patterns of missing data. This method is the first application of DBN techniques to genome-scale data and the first genomic segmentation method designed for use with the maximum resolution data available from ChIP-seq experiments without downsampling. D. RMAExpress is a standalone GUI program for Windows (and Linux) to compute gene expression summary values for Affymetrix Genechip® data using the Robust Multichip Average expression summary and to carry out quality assessment using probe-level metrics. It does not require R nor is it dependent on any component of the BioConductor project. If focuses on processing 3' IVT expression arrays, exon and WT gene arrays.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Segway 1.2,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000145 1_1_e3oc9ldp,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'social policy'?","A. A plan detailing guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive to human welfare, such as a person's quality of life. B. An action specification that a government produces that includes rules and regulations concerning activities of agents under the government's jurisdiction. C. An action specification of a person or organisation that is realised as a set of rules and activities affecting people or organisations under its jurisdiction. D. A policy that is applied by a public body.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,social policy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001142 1_1_3nsbshjy,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'sexual reproduction'?","A. A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. B. The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). C. A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). D. A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,sexual reproduction,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019953 1_1_0pyloogc,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Medial intercondylar tubercle of tibia'?","A. Neural tissue which consists of myelinated and unmyelinated axons and Schwann cells. Examples: Neural tissue of medial nerve, Neural tissue of cardiac plexus. B. Intercondylar tubercle of tibia, each instance of which is a lateral spur projecting upward from the intercondylar eminence at the proximal epiphysis of some tibia. C. Mesenteric lymph node group located around branches of superior mesenteric artery to the jejunum. D. Intercondylar tubercle of tibia, each instance of which is a medial spur projecting upward from the intercondylar eminence at the proximal epiphysis of some tibia.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Medial intercondylar tubercle of tibia,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma43764 1_1_ec9wsy5n,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'valley'?","A. A canyon, or gorge, is a deep valley between cliffs often carved from the landscape by a river. Most canyons were formed by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level. [Wikipedia] B. A valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. [Wikipedia] C. In Scotland, a heavy fall of snow. D. Turbulence produced by shear flow.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,valley,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandFluvial/Valley 1_1_gx2nx8pt,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'cross-over study design'?","A. A mixed study design in which measures are taken in two or more groups of participants before one or more of them receives an intervention and then measurements are repeated so that changes in the measures can be compared. B. A study design in which measurements taken on two or more groups of study participants at two or more times are compared allowing differences to be assessed between groups and over time. C. A mixed study design in which two or more groups experience the same study processes but in a different order. D. A substance that is produced by a living organsism and is toxic, noxious or poisonous",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,cross-over study design,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001255 1_1_fsmmrp1o,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol'?","A. A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid. B. An oxaspiro compound that is 3H,4'H-spiro[[1]benzofuran-2,1'-cyclohexa[2,5]diene]-3,4'-dione substituted by methoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, chloro, methyl, methoxy and chloro groups at positions 2', 4, 5, 6, 6' and 7, respectively. It is a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium glabrum. C. A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. D. A sesquiterpenoid that is alpha-bergamotene in which one of the methyl groups attached to the exocyclic C=C double bond has been oxidised to form the corresponding carboxylic acid.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90748 1_1_z1mybyig,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'leaf abaxial stomatal complex'?","A. A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a petiole. B. A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a leaf abaxial epidermis . C. A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a leaf. D. A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a leaf lamina.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,leaf abaxial stomatal complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025190 1_1_jupkz7k6,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nutritional and metabolic cardiomyopathy'?","A. a chronic metabolic disease characterized by structural and functional alterations and interstitial fibrosis without coronary artery disease or hypertension B. People with neutropenia have an unusually low number of cells called neutrophils. Neutrophils are cells in your immune system that attack bacteria and other organisms when they invade your body C. Backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to imperfect closure of the mitral valve D. A heart attack in the absence of observable q wave abnormalities in the ecg.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,nutritional and metabolic cardiomyopathy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000611 1_1_9y4mrdqv,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'human factors engineer or ergonomist'?","A. Develop instructional material, coordinate educational content, and incorporate current technology into instruction in order to provide guidelines to educators and instructors for developing curricula and conducting courses. May train and coach teachers. Includes educational consultants and specialists, and instructional material directors. B. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent benign and malignant medical and surgical disorders of the genitourinary system and the renal glands. C. Design objects, facilities, and environments to optimize human well-being and overall system performance, applying theory, principles, and data regarding the relationship between humans and respective technology. Investigate and analyze characteristics of human behavior and performance as it relates to the use of technology. D. Diagnose and treat disorders requiring physiotherapy to provide physical, mental, and occupational rehabilitation.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,human factors engineer or ergonomist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_17211201 1_1_liw22510,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bunch: width'?","A. None B. None C. None D. None",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Bunch: width,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_356:2000026 1_1_ix29p7zq,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tw!inna'ek'?","A. A Klamath person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. B. A Patwin person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. C. A Southern Piegan person who belongs to a traditional non-binary gender role and who, in modern times, might be assigned male at birth. D. An Cheyenne person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,tw!inna'ek,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002136 1_1_otw2hm2e,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'laryngeal nerve'?","A. A nerve that transmits from sensory receptors on the surface of the body to the central nervous system. B. A nerve that innervates the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. C. The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles. D. Any nerve that innervates the larynx.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,laryngeal nerve,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035642 1_1_p3qj0khy,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cone-rod dystrophy 8'?","A. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region 1q12-q24. B. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TTLL5 gene on chromosome 14q24. C. A cone-rod dystrophy that is characterized by loss of central vision due to cone photoreceptor degeneration, with onset of symptoms ranging from the first to fifth decades of life and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TLCD3B gene on chromosome 16p11. D. A cone-rod dystrophy that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PITPNM3 gene in chromosome region 17p13.2-p13.1.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cone-rod dystrophy 8,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111014 1_1_mvkybr2t,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'helpers--extraction worker'?","A. Serve food to individuals outside of a restaurant environment, such as in hotel rooms, hospital rooms, residential care facilities, or cars. B. Shape, finish, and refinish damaged, worn, or used furniture or new high-grade furniture to specified color or finish. C. Operate table games. Stand or sit behind table and operate games of chance by dispensing the appropriate number of cards or blocks to players, or operating other gambling equipment. Distribute winnings or collect players' money or chips. May compare the house's hand against players' hands. D. Help extraction craft workers, such as earth drillers, blasters and explosives workers, derrick operators, and mining machine operators, by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include supplying equipment or cleaning work area.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,helpers--extraction worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47508100 1_1_4vfxe6v8,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Flowering time'?","A. Flowering time usually recorded as days from sowing or date. B. Ratio of the pod weight per plant to the total plant weight. C. Total leaves weight per plant. D. Width of the pod. Trait may refer to the width of either the short axis perpendicular to the suture plane or the short axis that lies on that plane.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Flowering time,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000002 1_1_mt8hnksa,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'caseanigrescen A'?","A. A taxane diterpenoid that is paclitaxel which is lacking the N-benzoyl group. It is a biosynthetic precursor of paclitaxel. B. A diterpenoid of the clerodane group isolated from the leaves and flowers of Casearia nigrescens. It exhibits cytotoxicity against A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line. C. A withanolide that is (22R,25S)-22,26-epoxycholesta-1,4-dien-26-one substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an acetoxy group at position 18. Isolated from Paraminabea acronocephala, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. D. A sesquiterpenoid that consists of a heterotetracyclic system linked to a pyridine moiety. Isolated from the fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, it exhibits inhibitory activity against acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,caseanigrescen A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_65588 1_1_4kw2giox,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'carpel'?","A. A plant ovule that is part of a plant ovary . B. A phyllome that is part of the corolla , and is usually colored (not green). C. A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s). D. A phyllome that is usually green, and is part of the calyx .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,carpel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009030 1_1_r0g91uto,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'podoconiosis'?","A. An allergic contact dermatitis that has_allergic_trigger nickel atom. B. An autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by postlingual onset with high frequency progressive hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the ACTG1 gene on chromosome 17q25. C. An autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness that is characterized by prelingual onset with severe to profound, downsloping hearing loss and has_material_basis_in mutation in the HGF gene on chromosome 7q21. D. An elephantiasis that is characterized by lymphadema located_in the lower extremities caused by a genetically determined abnormal inflammatory reaction to mineral particles in irritant red clay soils derived from volcanic deposits.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,podoconiosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050138 1_1_4xg1gpeb,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'eruption cloud'?","A. The column of gases, ash, and larger rock fragments rising from a crater or other vent. If it is of sufficient volume and velocity, this gaseous column may reach many miles into the stratosphere, where high winds will carry it long distances. B. A geophysical phenomena involving the extrusion of rock that tends to form mountains or features like mountains over a period of time. [Wikipedia] C. Moderate to violent ejection of solid or very viscous hot fragments of new lava in short-lived, cannon-like bursts. Ash and fine ash are emitted with gases and ascend to form a cauliflower-like eruption cloud. D. An eruption column of hot volcanic ash and gas emitted into the atmosphere during an explosive volcanic eruption. [Wikipedia]",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,eruption cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolVolcano/EruptionCloud 1_1_j700wckd,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic aorta endothelial cell'?","A. An arterial endothelial cell that is part of the aorta endothelium. B. The orderly movement of an anterior visceral endoderm cell from one site to another. C. A CD48 molecule that is encoded in the genome of human. D. An endothelial cell that is part of the thoracic endothelium.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,thoracic aorta endothelial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002545 1_1_bsfbog9p,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ovarian clear cell carcinoma'?","A. An ovarian carcinoma that has_material_basis_in cells with clear cytoplasm and glycogen secreting hob nail cells. B. An ovarian carcinoma that is biphasic and has_material_basis_in epithelial and mesenchymal elements. C. An ovarian cancer that has_material_basis_in epithelial tissue and is located_in the ovary. D. An ovarian carcinoma that is characterized by large pleiomorphic cells with large round or oval nuclei, presence of mitoses and staining for neuroendocrine (NE) markers and has_material_basis_in neuroendocrine cells.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,ovarian clear cell carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050934 1_1_3bz9lsrz,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'organonitrogen heterocyclic compound'?","A. A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. B. A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it. C. An acyl-CoA having acetyl as its S-acetyl component. D. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,organonitrogen heterocyclic compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38101 1_1_a964oyf9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'aphagia'?","A. a symptom that makes one feel weakness, discomfort, or illness B. seeing things that aren't there C. physical suffering or discomfort caused by illness or injury D. inability or refusal to swallow.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,aphagia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000579 1_1_mtngzd9z,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lower urinary tract'?","A. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the urinary bladder and the urethra. B. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart which consists of the anterior and posterior filum coronaria of tricuspid valve anulus. C. Zone of transversalis fascia, each instance of which is a thickened band of fibrous tissue from some transversalis fascia that strengthens the lower part of some deep inguinal ring and forms the base of some internal spermatic fascia. D. *Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Lower urinary tract,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45659 1_1_3ixahrmf,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate'?","A. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor). B. Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to a phosphate group (acceptor). C. Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-glucose + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) = UMP + (1,4)-alpha-D-glucosyl(n)-glucose-1-phosphate. D. Catalysis of the transfer of a substituted phosphate group, other than diphosphate or nucleotidyl residues, from one compound (donor) to a another (acceptor).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061547 1_1_k8ogo211,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'meclofenamic acid'?","A. A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. B. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. C. An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. D. A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,meclofenamic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6710 1_1_184yqksl,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'coronary heart disease'?","A. A cardiovascular disease in which plaque, a waxy substance, builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. B. A drug withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation or reduction of consumption of an opioid drug. C. A disease involving the cardiovascular system. D. A coronary artery disease characterised by myocardial cell death (gross myocardial necrosis), caused by interruption of the blood supply to the heart.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,coronary heart disease,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001049 1_1_h8fq8dm4,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'tidal mudflat'?","A. A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. B. A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. C. A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. D. A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,tidal mudflat,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000241 1_1_3tvbuavw,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ Calvinist clerics'?","A. Anglican clergy who are LGBTQIA+. B. LGBTQ people who are Calvinist. C. Lutheran clergy who are LGBTQIA+. D. Calvinist clergy who are LGBTQIA+.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ Calvinist clerics,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012878 1_1_rq3kawed,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'molan'?","A. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. B. Dry squalls that occur at night in southwest Africa and the Congo. It is likely that this term is loosely applied to other diurnal local winds such as mountain wind, land breeze, midnight wind, etc. C. (Also called mamaliti, mamatili.) A light northwest wind of Sicily; a form of mistral. D. Breeze blowing from Arve toward Geneva in Switzerland.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,molan,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Molan 1_1_da2bg3y3,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B2'?","A. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that has_material_basis_in a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in the DHTKD1 gene on chromosome 10p14. B. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 characterized by onset of peripheral neuropathy in the first years of life that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the MFN2 gene on chromosome 1p36.22. C. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the myelin protein-zero gene (MPZ) on chromosome 1q23. D. A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the MED25 gene.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110179 1_1_pxjrkzct,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'fat exclusion'?","A. Belief in one god. B. Mainstream and socially accepted sexual interests, such as teleiophilia. C. Social exclusion is the process in which individuals are blocked from (or denied full access to) various rights, opportunities and resources that are normally available to members of a different group, and which are fundamental to social integration and observance of human rights within that particular group. D. Social exclusion of fat persons.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,fat exclusion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_012381 1_1_edbr0kj6,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044509 1_1_649mhoce,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I'?","A. Combining with a transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. B. Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals. C. Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; facilitates ligand binding to type I and type II TGF-beta receptors. D. Combining with transforming growth factor beta to initiate a change in cell activity; upon ligand binding, binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of a type I TGF-beta receptor.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005025 1_1_fddfhhu5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'extraocular retinoblastoma'?","A. A retinoblastoma that develops in both eyes. B. A retinoblastoma that effects only one eye. C. A retinoblastoma that is located_in the eye and has not spread to other parts of the body. D. A retinoblastoma that has spread from the soft tissues surrounding the eye or to the optic nerve beyond the margin of resection to other parts of the body.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,extraocular retinoblastoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4656 1_1_3knj55ik,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'new accounts clerk'?","A. Interview persons desiring to open accounts in financial institutions. Explain account services available to prospective customers and assist them in preparing applications. B. Construct full-size and scale wooden precision models of products. Includes wood jig builders and loft workers. C. Inspect aircraft, maintenance procedures, air navigational aids, air traffic controls, and communications equipment to ensure conformance with Federal safety regulations. D. Construct, maintain, or repair medical supportive devices such as braces, orthotics and prosthetic devices, joints, arch supports, and other surgical and medical appliances.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,new accounts clerk,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43414100 1_1_sx324zwb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'posteroloph'?","A. Posteroloph found on the first molar tooth. B. A shelf like ridge on the proximal (mesial) outside edge of the upper molariform teeth. (modified from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/collections/mammal_anatomy/cheek_teeth_structure/). C. A shelf like ridge on the outside of the upper molariform teeth. (modified from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/collections/mammal_anatomy/cheek_teeth_structure/). D. A crest running along the labial margin of molarifomr teeth of mammals. (modified from http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/collections/mammal_anatomy/cheek_teeth_structure/).",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,posteroloph,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0018291 1_1_adn8wg5i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left lung lobar bronchus epithelium'?","A. The tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus. B. An epithelium that is part of a lobar bronchus of right lung. C. An endothelium that is part of a left lung. D. An epithelium that is part of a lobar bronchus of left lung.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left lung lobar bronchus epithelium,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015794 1_1_ihkx6i8d,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'perhalometallate salt'?","A. A salt where the anion is an bromometallate anion. B. A salt where the anion is an iodometallate anion. C. A salt where the anion is a perhalometallate anion. D. A salt where the anion is a periodometallate anion.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,perhalometallate salt,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51530 1_1_1mr7m28k,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'digestive system process'?","A. A digestive process in which food, usually grass or hay, is swallowed into a multi-compartmented stomach, regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed again. B. A process carried out by the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange. C. The process that involves the secretion of or response to endocrine hormones. An endocrine hormone is a hormone released into the circulatory system. D. A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,digestive system process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022600 1_1_zy2ohzwz,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'energy auditor'?","A. Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater. B. Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia. C. Conduct energy audits of buildings, building systems, or process systems. May also conduct investment grade audits of buildings or systems. D. Create original artwork using any of a wide variety of media and techniques.",C,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,energy auditor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_47401101 1_1_ouev4kib,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '4S(5)-epoxy-17(S)-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid'?","A. A metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that can be converted to 17(S)-RvD3 or 17(S)-RvD4 B. A polyunsaturated fatty acid that is docosahexaenoic acid carrying a hydroperoxy substituent at 7S-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 17S-position C. A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosenoic acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. Major species at pH 7.3. D. Conjugate base of bhos#18-CoA",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,4S(5)-epoxy-17(S)-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_138647 1_1_wdr8mvpe,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 5'?","A. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, peripheral neuropathy, and brain MRI changes, known as the MNGIE phenotype, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ribonucleotide reductase M2 B gene on chromosome 8q22. B. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by childhood onset of slowly progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and generalized skeletal myopathy resulting in exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and atrophy, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the the solute carrier family 25 member 4 on chromosome 4q35. C. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by childhood onset of muscle weakness associated with depletion of mtDNA in skeletal muscle, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the mitochondrial thymidine kinase gene on chromosome 16q21. D. A mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome that is characterized by infantile onset of hypotonia, progressive neurologic deterioration, a hyperkinetic-dystonic movement disorder, external ophthalmoplegia, deafness, and variable renal tubular dysfunction, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the beta subunit of the succinate-CoA ligase gene on chromosome 13q14.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0080124 1_1_kk9jqvzo,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'facial expression behaviour'?","A. A behavioural process that involves a change in the expression of the face. B. A facial expression behaviour in which the person frowns. C. A facial expression behaviour in which the jaw drops. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the person smiles.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,facial expression behaviour,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000125 1_1_0sjbrko5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'nocturnal boundary layer'?","A. The cool layer of air adjacent to the ground that forms at night. At night under clear skies, radiation to space cools the land surface, which in turn cools the adjacent air through processes of molecular conduction, turbulence, and radiative transfer. This causes a stable boundary layer to form and grow to depths of a few hundreds of meters, depending on the season. Many interacting processes can occur within the statically stable nocturnal boundary layer: patchy sporadic turbulence, internal gravity waves, drainage flows, inertial oscillations, and nocturnal jets. B. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. C. The middle portion of the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer characterized by weak sporadic turbulence and initially uniformly mixed potential temperature and pollutants remaining from the mixed layer of the previous day. D. A type of atmospheric boundary layer characterized by vigorous turbulence tending to stir and uniformly mix, primarily in the vertical, quantities such as conservative tracer concentrations, potential temperature, and momentum or wind speed.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,nocturnal boundary layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmoBoundaryLayer/NocturnalBoundaryLayer 1_1_kwvb7nm1,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'strike slip'?","A. A strike slip fault in which the faut plane is more or less vertical. B. A variety of strike-slip fault along which the displacement suddenly stops or changes form; typically associated with mid-ocean ridges. C. A large scale strike-slip fault in which the fault surface is steeply inclined. D. The net slip of the fault (slip vector) is parallel to the strike of the fault.",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,strike slip,http://sweetontology.net/phenGeolFault/StrikeSlip 1_1_4el1l5o3,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Blindness'?","A. Best corrected visual acuity worse than 1.90 logMAR (roughly 20/1590). B. Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception defined as a profound reduction in visual perception. On the 6m visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 3/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 20/400. On the decimal visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 0.05. Blindness is typically characterized by a visual field of no greater than 10 degrees in radius around central fixation. C. Severe loss of visual acuity within hours or days. This is characteristic of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. D. Moderate reduction of the ability to see. On the 6m visual acuity scale, moderate reduction is defined as less than 6/18 but at least 6/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, moderate reduction is defined as less than 20/70 but at least 20/200. On the decimal visual acuity scale, moderate reduction is defined as less than 0.3 but at least 0.1.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Blindness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000618 1_1_wfy45yuu,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Average hand weight - all - computation'?","A. Calculate as: Bunch weight minus the sum of the Hand weight measurements coming from the count of number of hands (equivalent to Number of hands in bunch), e.g. 50 - (2.4 + 3.6 + 3.2 + 4.1 + 4.0 + 3.9 + 3.6 + 3.3 + 3.3 + 2.9 + 2.9 + 2.8) = 10.0. B. Calculate as: the Total finger weight, divided by the Number of hands in bunch, e.g. 46.8 / 16 = 2.9. C. Ratio of pseudostem dry mass versus plant dry mass D. Calculate as: the sum of the number of values for Date of harvest.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Average hand weight - all - computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010252 1_1_akbomf44,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'dew point'?","A. Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. B. The temperature of some air. C. A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). D. A small freshwater lake ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,dew point,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001859 1_1_f6499f3s,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Dry matter yield - Computation'?","A. Assess the resistance to clover rot using a bio-test in controlled conditions, rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible, and calculate the resistance index B. Separate clover herbage and determine the weight fraction compared to the total herbage C. Dry matter yield harvested in a field plot, calculated from the fresh matter yield and the dry matter content D. Assess the resistance to clover rot using a bio-test in controlled conditions, rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible, and calculate the resistance index",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Dry matter yield - Computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_374:0000059 1_1_4d106514,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'p-block molecular entity'?","A. A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. B. A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. C. An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. D. Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,p-block molecular entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33675 1_1_7yusnl0f,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'M germinated pollen stage'?","A. The final stage in the life cycle of the male gametophyte. Upon rehydration, mature pollen grain forms a tubular outgrowth, the pollen tube, which carries the male gametes. B. A pollen development stage during which the generative cell undergoes mitotic division to form two male gametes, the pollen sperm cells . C. Stage during which the microsporocytes become conspicuous. D. Stage of microgametophyte development during which the pollen reaches mature stage and desiccates.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,M germinated pollen stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0001017 1_1_jph15yb8,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044733 1_1_lsxns033,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'calcium ammonium nitrate'?","A. Any mixture of complex, colloidal, macromolecular plant galacturonans containing a large proportion of D-galactopyranosyluronic acid residues in alpha-(1->4) linkage, the carboxy groups of which may be esterified to varying degrees by methyl groups or be partially or completely converted into salts. The structure shown is that of the parent polygalacturonan. B. A mixture of 4-alkyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholines, where 'alkyl' is a mixture of C11 to C14 homologues of which 60-70% is tridecyl. A systemic fungicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union. C. A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. D. A mixture obtained by combining ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and water. It is widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,calcium ammonium nitrate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_91238 1_1_tytxw1n7,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'SAGx'?","A. A package for retrieval, preparation and analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip. In particular the issue of identifying differentially expressed genes is addressed. B. Bayesian models for differential gene expression C. This package uses a Bayesian hierarchical model to detect enriched regions from ChIP-chip experiments D. Stepwise normalization functions for cDNA microarray data.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,SAGx,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000373 1_1_hhrjivlg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Gene expression dataset'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Gene expression dataset,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000554 1_1_2fb6e8k5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sphingomyelin'?","A. A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position. B. Any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of a sphingoid base is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxy group of the sphingoid base is esterified to phosphorylcholine. C. A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. D. A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,sphingomyelin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64583 1_1_mjjcx43a,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Brugada syndrome 7'?","A. A Brugada syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the SCN3B gene on chromosome 11q24. B. A heart conduction disease that is characterized by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. C. A Brugada syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KCND3 gene on chromosome 1p13. D. A Brugada syndrome that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the KCNE3 gene on chromosome 11q13.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Brugada syndrome 7,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110224 1_1_6cgq4u9r,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit pedicel'?","A. A pedicel that bears a flower . B. A shoot axis that bears only a flower or a fruit . C. A fruit pedicel that bears a fruit in an infructescence . D. A pedicel that bears a fruit .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fruit pedicel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030114 1_1_wy631yfl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'recreation worker'?","A. Measure large areas of the Earth's surface using satellite observations, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), light detection and ranging (LIDAR), or related sources. B. Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual members. C. Plan, initiate, and manage information technology (IT) projects. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. Serve as liaison between business and technical aspects of projects. Plan project stages and assess business implications for each stage. Monitor progress to assure deadlines, standards, and cost targets are met. D. Design or oversee projects involving provision of potable water, disposal of wastewater and sewage, or prevention of flood-related damage. Prepare environmental documentation for water resources, regulatory program compliance, data management and analysis, and field work. Perform hydraulic modeling and pipeline design.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,recreation worker,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_39903200 1_1_g7osjq3g,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 4'?","A. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an X-linked recessive mutation of the FHL1 gene on chromosome Xq26.3. B. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SYNE1 gene on chromosome 6q25.2. C. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the LMNA gene on chromosome 1q22. D. An Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that has_material_basis_in an autosomal dominant mutation of the SYNE2 gene on chromosome 14q23.2.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy 4,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070249 1_1_spyfpv89,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'avian animal food product'?","A. A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. B. A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). C. A food product that is derived from some avian animal. D. A food product made from an avian egg.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,avian animal food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001251 1_1_ezplzqfl,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'tadpole'?","A. Lamprey at larval stage. B. An an organism at the tadpole stage. C. The larval (metacestode) stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. D. A multicellular organism that existence_starts_and_ends_during a nematode larval stage.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,tadpole,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002547 1_1_3vp1mvs1,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Swarm'?","A. of locusts, bees B. of vipers C. The current axiom with just Elephant or Impala will have to be updated at some point. What about declaring it the other way around instead, like that elephants are member-of a herd etc.? D. of rattlesnakes",A,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Swarm,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology4.owl#Swarm 1_1_r437uw4r,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-negotiable security'?","A. financial instrument representing an ownership interest in an entity or pool of assets B. security that can be transferred to another party C. security that is not transferable to another party D. security that is exempt from certain regulatory rules",C,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,non-negotiable security,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/NonNegotiableSecurity 1_1_qhzfpg08,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'inventory'?","A. A list of business assets or a list of traits, attitudes, and/or interests, etc. B. A list is any enumeration of a set of items. C. An inventory which assesses someone or something in some capacity. D. An inventory containing information about an individual's anatomy.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,inventory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005206 1_1_tsx70x4m,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'inferolateral surface of prostate'?","A. An anatomical surface that is part of a cartilage element. B. Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. C. The aspect of the prostate facing the pelvic diaphragm and pubis. D. An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a epithelium.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,inferolateral surface of prostate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0035310 1_1_kcz54x8n,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Set of left atrial veins'?","A. Region of visceral serous pericardium which is continuous posterosuperiorly with the epicardium of right atrium and is attached to the superior vena cava. B. Set of systemic veins, each instance of which an inconstant set of the smallest cardiac veins emptying into the left atrium of some heart. C. Set of systemic veins, each instance of which a set of the smallest cardiac veins emptying into the right atrium of some heart. D. Subdivision of fibrous skeleton of heart, each instance of which attaches the right posterior cusp of some aortic valve to the septal leaflet of some tricuspid valve and is continuous with the membranous part of some cardiac septum.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Set of left atrial veins,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma70825 1_1_xpguq01m,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism. B. An appraisal that represents a judgement that an event is inconsistent with a person's standards or ideals. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044741 1_1_hhbbiiej,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'mature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell'?","A. Immature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is CD80-negative, CD86-low and MHCII-low. B. CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a leukocyte is CD11c-negative, CD45RA-positive, CD85g-positive(ILT7), CD123-positive, CD303-positive. C. Mature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is a CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell is CD80-high, CD86-high, MHCII-high and is CD83-positive. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,mature CD11c-negative plasmacytoid dendritic cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000996 1_1_qoor7ndw,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Reaction to Other fungi'?","A. The reaction of the plant to Striped sweet potato weevil B. The reaction of the plant to Other fungi C. The reaction of the plant to Other mycoplasma D. The reaction of the plant to Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV)",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Reaction to Other fungi,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000390 1_1_ydq8kjqq,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'condensation process'?","A. A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. B. A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. C. Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. D. Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,condensation process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000724 1_1_kd5gnolt,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. B. Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,positive regulation of chorionic trophoblast cell proliferation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901384 1_1_e94zue22,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'non-proteinogenic amino acid metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of non-proteinogenic amino acids. C. The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-proteingenic amino acids. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing three carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,non-proteinogenic amino acid metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0170041 1_1_j0k6h2xz,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'other coronavirus as the cause of diseases'?","A. a type of common virus that infects humans, typically leading to an upper respiratory infection B. viruses that infect the body cause diseases C. Diseases caused by other viral agents D. a type of common virus that infects humans, typically leading to an upper respiratory infection",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,other coronavirus as the cause of diseases,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000328 1_1_3iy5kzvb,"In the ontology of African Wildlife, which of the following definitions best describes 'Lion'?","A. Giraffes are herbivores, and they eat only leaves. B. Note: cf AWO1, the axiom changed from is-part-of to is-proper-part-of, which is what was really intended C. Warthogs are mostly herbivourous but sometimes eat meat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warthog D. Note cf v1: I changed the 'only' to 'some' in the ""eats some herbivore"", and made into equivalent class cf subclass, so I can get my lion1 be classified as an instance of Lion. and 'closed' the axiom.",D,1_1,earth_environment/african_wildlife_ontology,Lion,http://www.meteck.org/teaching/OEbook/ontologies/AfricanWildlifeOntology1.owl#Lion 1_1_yh3gx6xo,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neurogenic-type arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-2'?","A. An arthrogryposis multiplex congenita that is characterized by decreased fetal movements, hypotonia, variable skeletal defects, including clubfoot and scoliosis, and delayed motor milestones with difficulty walking and that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the SYNE1 gene on chromosome 6q25. B. A nervous system disease that is characterized by development of multiple joint contractures affecting two or more areas of the body prior to birth. C. An arthrogryposis multiplex congenita that is characterized by congenital contractures at the elbows and knees, myopathy, absence of muscle spindles, congenital heart disease and spinal motor neuron depletion, and has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of homozygous mutation in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment protein 1 gene (ERGIC1) on chromosome region 5q35. D. An arthrogryposis multiplex congenita that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TOR1A gene on chromosome 9q34.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,neurogenic-type arthrogryposis multiplex congenita-2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0090124 1_1_16um5b9m,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'environmental system process'?","A. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) B. A process involving widespread occurrence of a disease or disorder in a population. C. A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. D. A process involving a person that results directly from,and within a short time period of, use by the person of a product.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,environmental system process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02500000 1_1_0t73af04,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'area'?","A. A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. B. An area which is relatively low. C. A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. D. An area which is relatively high.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,area,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001323 1_1_ts6hk0y1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fluorescence of water'?","A. An earth-filled dam which is used for the storage of mining operations byproducts, after separating the ore from the gangue. B. The fluorescence of some water. C. A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together. D. This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,fluorescence of water,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_3100032 1_1_iqzdeiow,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'fucoxanthin'?","A. An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. B. A carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the primary amino group of (1R,2R)-2-amino-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol. A ceramide glucosyltransferase inhibitor used (as its tartrate salt) for treatment of Gaucher's disease. C. An organic heterotetracyclic compound isolated from the bacterial strain Streptomyces lucensis MA7349 and has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity. D. An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is obtained from wortmanin via aminolysis of its furan ring by diallyl amine.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,fucoxanthin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5186 1_1_o8oemr9h,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ascr#35(1-)'?","A. Conjugate base of bhos#10-CoA B. Conjugate base of ascr#35 C. An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). D. metabolite of ciprofloxacin in resistant bacteria; major species at pH 7.3",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ascr#35(1-),http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139693 1_1_1354qb2i,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'white muscle cell'?","A. A type II muscle cell that contains a low content of myoglobin, relatively few mitochondria, relatively few blood capillaries and large amounts of glycogen. Type II B fibres are white, geared to generate ATP by anaerobic metabolic processes, not able to supply skeletal muscle fibres continuously with sufficient ATP, fatigue easily, split ATP at a fast rate and have a fast contraction velocity. B. A muscle cell that can develop high tension rapidly. It is usually innervated by a single alpha neuron. C. A fast muscle fiber cell that stores energy in the form of glycogen and creatine phosphate. D. A muscle cell with low content of myoglobin and other oxygen storing proteins. This muscle cell has a white appearance.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,white muscle cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002213 1_1_hilyaffb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'sitting'?","A. A subculture which stems from the goth subculture and incorporates some elements of BDSM subculture. It consists of both active vampirism and psychic vampirism. Active vampirism within the vampire subculture includes both sanguinarian vampirism, which involves blood consumption, and psychic vampirism, whose practitioners believe they are drawing spiritual nourishment from auric or pranic energy. B. A sexual practice in which one partner sits on or over the other's face, typically to allow or force oral–genital or oral–anal contact. In addition to oral-genital and oral-anal contact, the position also leaves the bottom partner's hands free to stimulate other erogenous zones (e.g., anus, nipples, etc.). The top partner may be facing either direction in this position. It is common for this position to form part of BDSM, involving dominance and submission, though this need not be the case. Within a BDSM or D/s context, facesitting can be a form of erotic humiliation. C. The act of moving the entire or whole body. D. The act of moving the body core lower, closer to the ground.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,sitting,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009266 1_1_rvkkbniw,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'syndromic X-linked intellectual developmental disorder bain type'?","A. A syndromic intellectual disability characterized by an X-linked inheritance pattern. B. A syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by mild intellectual deficit associated with choreoathetosis and abnormal behaviour that has_material_basis_in mutation in the HSD17B10 gene on chromosome Xp11.22. C. A syndromic X-linked syndromic intellectual disability characterized by delayed psychomotor development, impaired intellectual development with behavioral abnormalities, and musculoskeletal and growth abnormalities that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the HNRNPH2 gene on chromosome Xq22.1. D. A syndromic X-linked intellectual disability characterized by global developmental delay, delayed motor development, lack of speech development, intellectual disability, alacrima and in some patients achalasia and/or anisocoria that has_material_basis_in variation in the chromosome region Xp21.1-p11.23.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,syndromic X-linked intellectual developmental disorder bain type,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070538 1_1_h7zh8txe,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute respiratory distress syndrome'?","A. diseases that inflame or scar the lungs B. respiratory diseases affecting the interstitum, a fluid-filled space between a structural barrier (ie cell wall, skin) and internal structures (ie organs, muscles). C. Simple pulmonary eosinophilia (SPE), also known as Loeffler syndrome, is a rare, temporary (transient) respiratory disorder characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs (pulmonary eosinophilia). Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell and are part of the immune system. D. fluids fill up the lung's air sacs, causing the lung to not function properly",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,acute respiratory distress syndrome,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000206 1_1_f4tg0yr2,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'tibia pre-cartilage condensation'?","A. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a tibia. B. A radius-ulna endochondral element that is composed primarily of a pre-cartilage condensation. C. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a clavicle. D. A pre-cartilage condensation that has the potential to develop into a radius bone.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,tibia pre-cartilage condensation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0010850 1_1_oaldio8d,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'neutrophilic myelocyte'?","A. A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a myelocyte and the band form neutrophil. The protein synthesis seen in earlier stages decreases or stops; the nucleus becomes indented where the indentation is smaller than half the distance to the farthest nuclear margin; chromatin becomes coarse and clumped; specific granules predominate while primary granules are rare; and the cytoplasm becomes amphophilic like that of a mature granulocyte. This cell type is integrin alpha-M-positive, CD13-negative, CD15-positive, CD16-positive, CD33-positive, CD24-positive, fMLP receptor-negative and has expression of C/EBP-a, C/EBP-e, PU.1 transcription factor, lactotransferrin, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin. B. Any of the immature forms of a neutrophil in which neutrophilic specific granules are present but other phenotypic features of the mature form may be lacking. C. A eosinophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte;in this stage, production of primary granules is complete and eosinophil-specific granules has started. No nucleolus is present. These cells are integrin alpha-M-positive, CD13-positive, CD15-positive, CD16-negative, CD24-positive, and CD33-positive. D. A neutrophil precursor in the granulocytic series, being a cell intermediate in development between a promyelocyte and a metamyelocyte; in this stage, production of primary granules is complete and neutrophil-specific granules has started. No nucleolus is present. This cell type is CD13-positive, CD16-negative, integrin alpha-M-positive, CD15-positive, CD33-positive, CD24-positive, C/EBP-a-positive, C/EBPe-positive, PU.1-positive, lactotransferrin-positive, myeloperoxidase-positive and NGAL-positive.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,neutrophilic myelocyte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000580 1_1_bo76ydm9,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'PKBWR - Estimation'?","A. Pink bollworm resistance B. Stem hair density on the mature, expanded stem, fourth node, or older. Code description: none=hairs appear to be absent from stems; few=stem hairs are at low frequency; moderate=stem hairs are at a regular and commonly seen density for most cotton cultivars; hairy=stem hair density is greater than that normally seen on most cotton cultivars; very hairy=highest density seen on stems; pilose=stem hairs are short and may lend a soft, velvety feel to leaf surfaces C. Disease severty index of vascular root stain in a field infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 1 and root-knot nematodes. Vascular Root Staining: 0 = no vascular root staining evident, 1 = light vascular root staining evident as spotty areas, 2 = more continuous than 1, but light colored staining covering an area between one quarter and one half of the stem cross-section, 3 = moderate brown/black staining evident in a band encircling most of the stem cross section, 4 = brown/black staining evident across most vascular tissue in stem cross section, and 5 = plant severely damaged or plant death with staining evident throughout a cross-section of root tissue D. Fiber strength estimation (Low/Strong)",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,PKBWR - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_358:0000919 1_1_z5mdjwlq,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Angina pectoris, unspecified'?","A. Also called coronary artery disease, describes heart problems caused by narrowed arteries that supply blood to the heart. B. Unstable angina (UA) is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular. C. heart problems caused by narrowed heart arteries. When arteries are narrowed, less blood and oxygen reaches the heart muscle. This is also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. This can ultimately lead to heart attack. D. Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"Angina pectoris, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000050 1_1_rk9r7xst,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'emergency medical technician'?","A. Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute employees' time worked, production, and commission. May compute and post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks. B. Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action. C. Perform surveying and mapping duties, usually under the direction of an engineer, surveyor, cartographer, or photogrammetrist, to obtain data used for construction, mapmaking, boundary location, mining, or other purposes. May calculate mapmaking information and create maps from source data, such as surveying notes, aerial photography, satellite data, or other maps to show topographical features, political boundaries, and other features. May verify accuracy and completeness of maps. D. Assess injuries and illnesses and administer basic emergency medical care. May transport injured or sick persons to medical facilities.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,emergency medical technician,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29204200 1_1_mm98n2qb,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'CDP-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose'?","A. A CDP-sugar having 3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose as the sugar component. B. A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-{[1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-7-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl]amino}-4-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of cyclopropylamine. C. A CDP-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration. D. A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of tetracosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"CDP-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_70802 1_1_iv20bf27,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'triarch protoxylem'?","A. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has four protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . B. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has more than five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . C. A portion of root exarch protoxylem tissue in which the primary xylem of the root system has three protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis . D. A portion of exarch protoxylem tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the root system progresses centripedally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,triarch protoxylem,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025560 1_1_betatrcy,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'pregnant woman with opioid use disorder'?","A. A woman who is currently pregnant and also has a diagnosis of opioid use disorder. B. An opioid user who is seeking treatment for opioid use disorder C. A substance user who uses an opioid drug. D. An opioid user who presents with a clinical diagnosis of opioid use disorder.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,pregnant woman with opioid use disorder,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001073 1_1_w8cerb09,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Upper pole of testis'?","A. Fiat anatomical line, each instance of which is located on or in the abdomen. B. Zone of testis located at its inferior end. Examples: There is only one lower pole of testis. C. Zone of mucosa of supraglottic part of larynx, each instance of which is a rounded eminence near the posterior end of some aryepiglottic fold, posterior to some cuneiform tubercle; it is formed by some underlying corniculate cartilage. D. Zone of testis located at the superior end. Examples: There is only one upper pole of testis.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Upper pole of testis,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma19914 1_1_ij187oa9,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'epoch'?","A. Eons are divided into eras [several hundred million years] [Wikipedia] B. Periods are divided into epochs [tens of millions of years] [Wikipedia] C. Supereons are divided into eons. [billions of years] [Wikipedia] D. Eras are divided into periods. [Wikipedia]",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,epoch,http://sweetontology.net/stateTime/Epoch 1_1_9a46ot10,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and brain atrophy'?","A. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TNIK gene on chromosome 3q26. B. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder characterized by onset at birth or in infancy of developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, secondary hypomyelination, cerebral atrophy, and thin corpus callosum that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the TBCD gene on chromosome 17q25. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability with poor or absent speech and autistic stereotypic behaviors, microcephaly, early-onset generalized seizures, and hypotonia that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TRAPPC6B gene on chromosome 14q21. D. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that is characterized primarily by impaired intellectual developmen and that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the RSRC1 gene on chromosome 3q25.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,"neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, epilepsy, and brain atrophy",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060934 1_1_g336wjlb,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'V(D)J recombination'?","A. The process in which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus. B. The process in which immunoglobulin gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin heavy chains V, D, and J gene segments are joined, and for immunoglobulin light chains V and J gene segments are joined. C. The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus. D. The process in which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,V(D)J recombination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033151 1_1_sp31y7tb,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'oil'?","A. Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. B. Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. C. A nonpolar, hydrophobic, and lipophilic material which is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures (about 20 degrees Celsius) or slightly warmer. D. An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,oil,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00002985 1_1_jfd72kty,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'eye'?","A. Sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals. B. An organ that houses olfactory neurons and is responsible for the sense of smell. Examples include the vertebrate nose and the Drosophila dorsal organ. C. An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. D. An organ that detects light.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,eye,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000970 1_1_4z6lkxkp,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'pathological diastasis'?","A. A body structure which has undergone some mechanical process of alteration which is nonnormative or otherwise considered abnormal. B. Removal of an anatomical entity from its usual or proper location, such as a dislocation. C. The pathological sudden breaking away of a portion from a mass. D. The separation of parts of the body that are normally joined together.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,pathological diastasis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009775 1_1_foyfsrau,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Storage root flesh distribution of secondary color'?","A. The exertion of the stigma B. The pigmentation of the abaxial leaf vein C. The distribution of secondary color of the storage root flesh D. The shape of the storage root",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Storage root flesh distribution of secondary color,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0000064 1_1_a2tjohe3,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Water content - computation'?","A. (Leaf Fresh Weight - Leaf Dry Weight) / Leaf Fresh Weight B. Calculate as: the time elapsed between the Date of planting and the Date of death, e.g. 24/05/2014 - 24/01/2014 = 120 days. C. Calculate as: the Number of plants harvested, divided by the Number of plants planted, e.g. 18 / 24 = 0.75. D. Researchers calculate the preference score by female respondents",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Water content - computation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010550 1_1_mvqmszl1,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'organization'?","A. An institution or recognizable group of individuals. Organizations can be formal or informal, have a strong degree of internal organization or be completely anarchic, have their own name or be anonymous, have their own legal status or be impromptu groups E.g.: the workers’ union, France, the Socialist party, the proponents of bill 103/32, the President of the Italian Republic. B. A location that can be referred to also using geographical coordinates. E.g.: the Rio river, Marrakesh, the entrance to the Black Forrest. C. Any version of a FRBR Work whose content is specified and different from others for any reason: language, versions, etc. E.g.: act 3 of 2005 as in the version following the amendments entered into force on July 3rd, 2006. D. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology.",A,1_1,legal/allot,organization,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Organization 1_1_h18c6zoj,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete graph'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete graph,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000567 1_1_zjr1eyo5,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Acid soil tolerance'?","A. Percentage of plants in a plot sown in fall that are still growing in spring. B. The plants tolerance to acid soil. C. The plants tolerance to lower temperatures than the optimum. D. Mid-winter rating of the severity of the symptoms of winter stress observed in a plot",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Acid soil tolerance,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_350:0000187 1_1_je0i5e7z,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'interstitial lung disease'?","A. A lung disease that is characterized by increased lucency compared to the other lung on a chest radiograph or CT. B. A lung disease that is characterized by inflammation and altered lung interstitium compromising pulmonary function and often has_symptom shortness of breath, dyspnea, and/or cough. C. A lower respiratory tract disease in which the function of the lungs is adversely affected by narrowing or blockage of the airways resulting in poor air flow, a loss of elasticity in the lungs that produces a decrease in the total volume of air that the lungs are able to hold, and clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels that affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. D. A lung disease that is an inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs. It is caused by viruses and bacteria. The disease has_symptom cough, has_symptom wheezing, has_symptom shortness of breath, has_symptom fever, has_symptom nasal flaring in infants and has_symptom bluish skin due to lack of oxygen.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,interstitial lung disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_3082 1_1_meu3hk7i,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'transverse tarsal joint'?","A. An ankle joint that passes between the proximal and distal tarsals. B. A joint that connects two adjacent metatarsals. C. Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. The specific intertarsal articulations are: Talocalcaneal articulation Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Calcaneocuboid articulation Cuneonavicular articulation Cuboideonavicular articulation Intercuneiform articulation Cuneocuboid articulation. D. The transverse tarsal joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid, and the articulation of the talus with the navicular. The movement which takes place in this joint is more extensive than that in the other tarsal joints, and consists of a sort of rotation by means of which the foot may be slightly flexed or extended, the sole being at the same time carried medially (inverted) or laterally.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,transverse tarsal joint,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011962 1_1_rhxtmwxe,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'kelsher'?","A. Rain with a rate of accumulation exceeding a specific value that is geographically dependent. B. Any storm that produces hailstones that fall to the ground; usually used when the amount or size of the hail is considered significant. C. In England, a heavy fall of rain. D. In popular terminology, any sudden and heavy fall of rain, almost always of the shower type.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,kelsher,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoPrecipitation/Kelsher 1_1_vj3wmovq,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'osteogenesis imperfecta type 13'?","A. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CRTAP gene on chromosome 3p22. B. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SPARC gene on chromosome 5q33. C. An osteogenesis imperfecta that has_material_basis_in mutation in the BMP1 gene on chromosome 8p21. D. An osteogenesis imperfecta that is characterized by bone fragility and blue sclerae and has_material_basis_in dominantly inherited mutations in the COL1A1 gene on chromosome 17q21.33 or the COL1A2 gene on chromosome 7q21.3.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,osteogenesis imperfecta type 13,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110342 1_1_t19g95hz,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte apoptotic process.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,regulation of myofibroblast cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904520 1_1_z71tqphg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'cataract 34 multiple types'?","A. A cataract that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the AGK gene on chromosome 7q34. B. A cataract that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in the EPHA2 gene on chromosome 1p36. C. A cataract that has_material_basis_in variation in the region 1p34.3-p32.2. D. A cataract that has_material_basis_in variation in the region 19q13.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,cataract 34 multiple types,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0110230 1_1_fckspnmc,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes '4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate'?","A. The conjugate base of any hydroxy fatty acid, formed by deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moiety. B. Any monocarboxylic acid anion carrying at least one hydroxy substituent. C. The conjugate base of gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. D. A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion where the hydroxy group is placed at position 2 (alpha to the carboxy group) and has (S)-stereochemistry; major species at pH 7.3.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,4-amino-3-hydroxybutanoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_11955 1_1_73krpric,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Storage root starch content in fresh weight basis'?","A. Sucrose content of the storage root B. Glucose content of the storage root C. Starch content in fresh weight basis of the storage root D. The sweetness of the boiled storage root flesh",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Storage root starch content in fresh weight basis,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0002055 1_1_uh8xxw5z,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: 1D-myo-inositol 3,4,6-trisphosphate + ATP = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate + ADP + H+.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"inositol-3,4,6-trisphosphate 1-kinase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052835 1_1_u8ahdyq3,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'nucleoside phosphate'?","A. A nucleobase-containing molecular entity that is a nucleoside in which one or more of the sugar hydroxy groups has been converted into a mono- or poly-phosphate. The term includes both nucleotides and non-nucleotide nucleoside phosphates. B. A nucleotide is a nucleoside phosphate resulting from the condensation of the 3 or 5 hydroxy group of a nucleoside with phosphoric acid. C. A lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or di-ester. The term encompasses phosphatidic acids and phosphoglycerides. D. Any compound that has a nucleobase as a part.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,nucleoside phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25608 1_1_23fenepi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'inflorescence bract'?","A. A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure. B. A bract subtending a branch of the inflorescence or borne on the inflorescence axis below any branch or flower . C. One of a pair of inflorescence bracts that is part of a spikelet and subtends the two florets. D. A bract that subtends a perianth that is part of a flower .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,inflorescence bract,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009054 1_1_42olzxo1,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'oxacycle'?","A. Any organic heterocyclic compound containing at least one ring oxygen atom. B. Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. C. Any compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives. D. A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of carbon and at least of one other element.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,oxacycle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38104 1_1_w6pg97iy,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Epicardium of left ventricle'?","A. Muscle cell which has as its direct parts myofilaments organized into sarcomeres. B. Segment of neural tree organ which is continuous with a set of olfactory nerves and an olfactory tract. C. Epicardium of ventricle which is attached to the myocardium of right ventricle. D. Epicardium of ventricle which is attached to the myocardium of left ventricle.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Epicardium of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9557 1_1_yj5zwsmk,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '1-oleoyl-2-(8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-sn-glycerol'?","A. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both myristoleoyl groups. B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as capryl (decanoyl) and oleoyl (9Z-octadecenoyl) respectively. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol that has myristoyl and oleoyl as 1- and 2-acyl groups respectively. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as oleoyl and 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl respectively.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"1-oleoyl-2-(8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-sn-glycerol",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_84437 1_1_4xq3phw9,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'crip theory'?","A. An intersectional theory that draws from queer theory and which considers disability as an essential part of identity, B. The extension of feminism into theoretical, fictional, or philosophical discourse. Feminist theory focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes explored in feminism include discrimination, objectification (especially sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history and contemporary art, and aesthetics. C. The critical academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. More specifically, it is a critical-theory analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of (usually European) imperial power. D. A qualitative analytic framework that identifies how interlocking systems of power affect those who are most marginalized in society.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,crip theory,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003386 1_1_oj92nvsk,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'Purkinje myocyte development'?","A. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bundle of His over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bundle of His is part of the His-Purkinje system that transmits signals from the AV node to the cardiac Purkinje fibers. B. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of ventricular cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. C. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Purkinje myocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje myocyte (also known as cardiac Purkinje fiber) is part of the cardiac conduction system that receives signals from the bundle of His and innervates the ventricular cardiac muscle. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the His-Purkinje system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The His-Purkinje system receives signals from the AV node and is composed of the fibers that regulate cardiac muscle contraction in the ventricles.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,Purkinje myocyte development,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003165 1_1_xwzrj0bi,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Curation Activity'?","A. This class comprises the activities that contribute to the management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Curated Holding, following an implicit or explicit curation plan. It specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded. Items are accumulated and organized following criteria such as subject, chronological period, material type, style of art, etc., and can be added or removed from an instance of E78 Curated Holding for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items to form a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event, while the activities of evolving, preserving, and promoting a collection are regarded as instances of E87 Curation Activity.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. Note, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises transfers of the physical custody or the legal responsibility for the physical custody of objects. The recording of the donor or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe: 1. the beginning of custody (there is no previous custodian) 2. the end of custody (there is no subsequent custodian) 3. the transfer of custody (transfer from one custodian to the next) 4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source (the previous custodian is unknown) 5. the declared loss of an object (the current or subsequent custodian is unknown) In the event that only a single kind of transfer of custody occurs, either the legal responsibility for the custody or the actual physical possession of the object but not both, this difference should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). The sense of physical possession requires that the object of custody be in the hands of the keeper at least with a part representative for the whole. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. The interpretation of the museum notion of ""accession"" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. Theft is a specific case of illegal transfer of custody.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E87 Curation Activity,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E87_Curation_Activity 1_1_5o4t1o5x,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'fenestrated capillary'?","A. Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules. B. Small blood vessel similar to a capillary but with a fenestrated endothelium. Sinusoids are found in the liver, lymphoid tissue, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic organs such as the bone marrow and the spleen. Sinusoids found within terminal villi of the placenta are not comparable to these; they possess a continuous endothelium and complete basal lamina[WP]. C. Capillary that has pores in the endothelial cells (60-80 nm in diameter) that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oriented fibrils and allow small molecules and limited amounts of protein to diffuse. D. A capillary that is part of the colon.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,fenestrated capillary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2005260 1_1_uj6djt19,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of protein secretion'?","A. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of renin secretion into blood stream. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretion by cell. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,positive regulation of protein secretion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050714 1_1_o02q0jrh,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'sulfrous kerogen'?","A. Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. B. An occluded front which is adjacent to a cold front 1) that is moving away from the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the neighbouring cold front undercuts the neighbouring warm front in the occulsion zone, and 3) where the coldest air in the vicinity replaces less cold air towards the surface of the astronomical body. C. A process whereby a large volume of plasma moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. D. Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,sulfrous kerogen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001236 1_1_27or8c9c,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'bruceolline J'?","A. A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O-1 by a biphenyl-4-yl group. B. Any organic heterotricyclic compound with a skeleton consisting of a pyran ring ortho-fused to a naphthalene. C. A beta-carboline alkaloid found in Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata. D. An indole alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indole substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2, geminal-methyl groups at position 3 and an oxo group at position 1. It has been isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems of Brucea mollis.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,bruceolline J,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_68921 1_1_9cc3j9x9,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sorgen'?","A. A negative emotion that is a mild form of worry about a particular object or situation. B. A negative emotion that is the appraisal of one's current surroundings and activities as not interesting or stimulating. C. A negative emotion that is about a future or possible object or event that is appraised negatively. D. A negative emotion involving feelings of suspicion or doubt regarding the honesty, fairness, or abilities of an entity (e.g., person, object, or situation). This process includes an appraisal that the entity may be unreliable, potentially harmful and/or deceptive.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,Sorgen,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000171 1_1_g9xry4ke,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Valvular pulmonary stenosis'?","A. A cardiovascular malformation associated with narrowing of the outflow tract of the right ventricle immediately below the pulmonary valve. B. A cardiovascular malformation associated with narrowing at the level of the pulmonary sinotubular junction above the pulmonic valve. C. A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis). D. A cardiovascular malformation associated with narrowing of the outflow tract of the right ventricle immediately at the level of the pulmonary valve.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Valvular pulmonary stenosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034350 1_1_oaabzalx,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Crop evapotranspiration rate'?","A. The seed filling index. B. The content of nitrogen in seeds. C. The rate of evapotranspiration of the crop. D. The proportion of pod wall biomass in pods biomass.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Crop evapotranspiration rate,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_335:0001036 1_1_nsof1s9y,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'terrace'?","A. A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. B. A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. C. A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. D. Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,terrace,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000508 1_1_bixyt8l6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis'?","A. A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a cellular component. B. The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis. C. The disaggregation of a presynaptic active zone into its constituent components. D. The disaggregation of an organelle into its constituent components.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,cellular component disassembly involved in execution phase of apoptosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006921 1_1_qpq9zce2,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'collenchyma cell'?","A. A ground tissue cell with a lignified secondary cell wall. B. An elongated plant cell with unevenly thickened non-lignified primary walls that is alive at maturity. C. A ground tissue cell that is part of a bundle sheath . D. Multinucleate cell developed by a series of events involving fusion with the neighboring dividing cells. The events are induced by cyst nematodes (e.g. Heterodera schachtii) entering the feeding cells (any cells) of the root vascular system.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,collenchyma cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0000075 1_1_i3nxre2e,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings'?","A. any health problem that occurs in the digestive tract. B. Actions done to prevent a disease or to relieve a symptom i.e.: Surgery to remove blood clots C. symptoms, signs, abnormal results of clinical or other investigative procedures, and ill-defined conditions regarding which no diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded. D. An inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000364 1_1_ma00weor,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process'?","A. A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. B. Missing definition for term UBERON:0005066. Please replace it using linked reference. C. A perichondrial fibroblast that is part of the lung. D. A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0010659 1_1_459a61je,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'L-tryptophan'?","A. The L-enantiomer of tryptophan. B. A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. C. A macromolecule formed by a living organism. D. A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,L-tryptophan,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16828 1_1_qdnyvq96,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'portion of embryo plant tissue'?","A. A radicle that is part of a plant embryo . B. A portion of plant tissue that is part of a plant embryo . C. Any portion of plant tissue other than epidermis or vascular tissue . D. A plant structure that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells of one or more types.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,portion of embryo plant tissue,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025233 1_1_dkbwsht5,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'transgender-related television episode'?","A. Television episodes pertaining especially to bisexual persons and/or culture. B. Television episodes pertaining especially to lesbians and/or lesbian culture. C. Television episodes pertaining especially to asexual persons and/or culture. D. Television episodes pertaining especially to transgender persons and/or transgender culture.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,transgender-related television episode,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005538 1_1_lsc8xslv,"In the ontology of Legal on Top Level Classes, which of the following definitions best describes 'location'?","A. A location that can be referred to also using geographical coordinates. E.g.: the Rio river, Marrakesh, the entrance to the Black Forrest. B. A word or group of words whose meaning is defined in a formal and precise manner by means of a specific concept. E.g.: opening sentence, rebuttal, impeachment. C. A part played by a person or an organization, in a certain situation. E.g.: member of parliament, speaker, head of office, bill proposer. D. Any non-tangible notion or idea that can be referred to but does not fit the other top level classes. E.g.: the approval of an act, peace, child, Mickey Mouse, John Constantine, a class of an ontology.",A,1_1,legal/allot,location,https://w3id.org/akn/ontology/allot/Location 1_1_y857vowg,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044560 1_1_nt6rm3m0,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'option'?","A. derivative instrument that grants to the holder either the privilege to purchase or the privilege to sell the assets specified at a predetermined price or formula at or within a time period in the future B. financial instrument that confers on its holders certain rights or obligations, whose value is derived from one or more underlying assets C. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified D. derivative instrument that obligates the buyer to receive and the seller to deliver the assets specified at an agreed price, at some later point in time",A,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,option,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/Option 1_1_4rj4i6fm,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Material anatomical entity'?","A. Physical anatomical entity which has mass. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine. B. Material anatomical entity which is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genes that guide its morphogenesis; has inherent 3D shape; its parts are connected and spatially related to one another in patterns determined by coordinated gene expression. Examples: heart, right ventricle, mitral valve, myocardium, endothelium, lymphocyte, fibroblast, thorax, cardiovascular system, hemoglobin, T cell receptor. C. Any substance that inhibits the action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. They tend to induce a state known as dissociative anesthesia, marked by catalepsy, amnesia, and analgesia, while side effects can include hallucinations, nightmares, and confusion. Due to their psychotomimetic effects, many NMDA receptor antagonists are used as recreational drugs. D. Anatomical entity which has three or fewer spatial dimensions. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine, peritoneal cavity, diaphragmatic surface of heart, inferior margin of liver, apex of lung.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Material anatomical entity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FMA_67165 1_1_ckm9fpel,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'geological age'?","A. Unconsolidated earth material is an 'earth material' that is consituted by an aggregate of solid particles but is not consolidated into a 'rock' it self. B. (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized C. It is a quality that 'inheres in' a 'geological object' or 'earth material' that corresponds to the 'geological time interval' in which the 'geological process' that it was 'generated by' occupied. D. b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d",C,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,geological age,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000003 1_1_ojs5ghgi,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Association'?","A. A Task is an atomic activity that is included within a Process. A Task is used when the work in the Process is not broken down to a finer level of Process Model detail. B. Message, which is used in the definition of attributes for a Start Event, End Event, Intermediate Event, Task, and Message Flow, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2) C. An Association is used to associate information with Flow Objects. Text and graphical non-Flow Objects can be associated with the Flow Objects. D. The TimeDateExpression supporting element is a sub-type of the Expression Element (Expression on page 273) and uses all the attributes of the Expression Element.",C,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Association,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#association 1_1_22zvbufi,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'irritable mood'?","A. A mood process that is is a general feeling of well-being and gives rise to a heightened disposition to happiness, amusement and other positively valenced emotions. B. A mood process that is a general feeling of enjoyment and festivity and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience happiness, joy and other positively valenced emotions. C. A mood process that is a general feeling of being down, having a negative outlook and gives rise to a heightened disposition to experience negatively valenced emotions. D. A mood process that is a general feeling of annoyance and gives rise to a heightened disposition to anger and other negatively valenced emotions.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,irritable mood,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000197 1_1_v3rushdr,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'future'?","A. derivative instrument that obligates the buyer to receive and the seller to deliver the assets specified at an agreed price, at some later point in time B. financial instrument that provides the holder the privilege to subscribe to or to receive specific assets on terms specified C. derivative instrument that grants to the holder either the privilege to purchase or the privilege to sell the assets specified at a predetermined price or formula at or within a time period in the future D. financial instrument that confers on its holders certain rights or obligations, whose value is derived from one or more underlying assets",A,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,future,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/Future 1_1_zgj7hcq5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'dorsal fin proximal radial bone 5'?","A. Dorsal fin proximal radial element that is composed of bone tissue. B. Dorsal fin proximal radial 7 element that is composed of bone tissue. C. Dorsal fin proximal radial 3 element that is composed of bone tissue. D. Dorsal fin proximal radial 5 element that is composed of bone tissue.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,dorsal fin proximal radial bone 5,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_2005382 1_1_vv9rve8p,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'fish processing building'?","A. Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. B. A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. C. Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. D. A food processing building is a building in which materials that contain or consist of essential body nutrients - such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals - and may be ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life are converted alternative forms.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,fish processing building,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000928 1_1_86q6cb6a,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'LGBTQ love letters'?","A. A family of spirochete bacteria. Some species within this family are known to causes syphilis, Lyme disease, relapsing fever, and other illnesses. B. Love letters written by members of the LGBTQIA+ community expressing any of various queer forms of love. C. Pornography containing transgender content or transgender persons or otherwise pertaining to the transgender community. D. An expression of love in written form. However delivered, the letter may be anything from a short and simple message of love to a lengthy explanation of feelings.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,LGBTQ love letters,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_009063 1_1_mhjc77vg,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'sarcoma'?","A. A sarcoma that arises from the soft tissue and is characterized by the presence of spindle-shaped cells, cellular pleomorphism, thin-walled blood vessels, fibrous septa, and myxoid stroma. B. A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in abnormally proliferating cells derives from embryonic mesoderm. C. A cell type cancer that has_material_basis_in glial cells and is located in brain or located in spine. D. A sarcoma that results_in cells that are spindle-shaped. They are usually resistant to radiation therapy.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,sarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1115 1_1_yu2htw9s,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'vulnerable adult'?","A. An adult who is currently not receiving any form of intervention for psychoactive substance use disorder. B. An adult who is unable to look after themselves and or who is unable to protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation. C. A person who has reached maturity. D. An adult who has received and diagnosis of opioid use disorder",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,vulnerable adult,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001089 1_1_1u57fb7s,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'disc jockey, except radio'?","A. Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways. B. Set up, operate, or tend metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products. C. Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions. D. Play prerecorded music for live audiences at venues or events such as clubs, parties, or wedding receptions. May use techniques such as mixing, cutting, or sampling to manipulate recordings. May also perform as emcee (master of ceremonies).",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"disc jockey, except radio",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_27209100 1_1_8zrr0a4r,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'chemical process'?","A. Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. [Wikipedia] B. A chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. [Wikipedia] C. Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. D. Any process that decreases the pH value of a subtance.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,chemical process,http://sweetontology.net/procChemical/ChemicalProcess 1_1_vhhdqypf,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Plant number per ha'?","A. Mean number of sun beetle (zygogramma exclamationis) (fabricius) larva per plant B. Log-transformed difference between leaf max wh ratio and leaf mean wh ratio. C. Calculate plant number using the formula. D. Date of 50% flowering, corresponding to stage r5.5.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Plant number per ha,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000207 1_1_4q0hlswv,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Left upper facial depth line'?","A. Upper facial line bounded by nasion and right tragion. B. Fiat anatomical line of skull bounded by nasion and tragion. C. Subdivision of perineum, each instance of which is a region in some perineum bounded externally by some ischiocavernosus muscle, internally by some bulbocavernosus, and posteriorly by some transversus perinei superficialis. D. Upper facial line bounded by nasion and left tragion.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Left upper facial depth line,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma284757 1_1_ib6qlyz8,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Positive blood 1,3 beta glucan test'?","A. Detection of barbiturate metabolites such as Phenobarbital in blood. B. Presence of a xenobiotic in plasma and/or serum. C. Beta-1,3-glucan is a major constituent of all of the characterized fungal cell walls, making up between 30-80 percent of the mass of the wall. It is a biomarker of fungal infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. D. Detection of molindone in the blood, an antipyschotic used for treatment of schizophrenia.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,"Positive blood 1,3 beta glucan test",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020153 1_1_q1sjqe9p,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Obligative_Right'?","A. When, for the benefit of a person, this person is both permitted to perform and to omit an action – that is, when the action is facultative – we can say that he or she has a liberty right with regard to that action. B. A right is the legal or moral entitlement to do or refrain from doing something or to obtain or refrain from obtaining an action, thing or recogition in civil society. C. Directed obligative ought-to-do are also called obligative rights. k has the obligative right that j does A iff it is obligatory, toward k, that j does A. An example of obligative right is “it is obligatory, toward Mary, that Tom pays 1,000 euro to John” D. The negation of a directed obligation is a directed permission. However, it counts as a right, namely, a permissive right, only when such negation is aimed at benefitting the author of the permitted action.",C,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Obligative_Right,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Obligative_Right 1_1_5qq26mc1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes '3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine'?","A. Amines that constitute a class of central nervous system stimulants based on the structure of the parent amphetamine 1-phenylpropan-2-amine. B. A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. C. A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. D. A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,"3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_1391 1_1_w1ubo9t4,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'femininity by sexuality'?","A. Female gender roles classified by sexuality. B. The subculture of gay women who self-identify with what is considered to be traditional, heterosexual (female) femininity. C. Female gender roles classified by culture. D. Female gender roles classified by relative role importance in the individual.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,femininity by sexuality,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_003613 1_1_m44gwoi4,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'meat, poultry, or fish cutter or trimmer'?","A. Smooth and finish surfaces of poured concrete, such as floors, walks, sidewalks, roads, or curbs using a variety of hand and power tools. Align forms for sidewalks, curbs, or gutters; patch voids; and use saws to cut expansion joints. B. Prepare and cook food in a fast food restaurant with a limited menu. Duties of these cooks are limited to preparation of a few basic items and normally involve operating large-volume single-purpose cooking equipment. C. Operate or tend sewing machines to join, reinforce, decorate, or perform related sewing operations in the manufacture of garment or nongarment products. D. Use hands or hand tools to perform routine cutting and trimming of meat, poultry, and seafood.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"meat, poultry, or fish cutter or trimmer",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51302200 1_1_9q4a81k1,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'cooling of a fluid'?","A. A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is decreased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. B. A material cooling process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. C. A material cooling process during which a portion of fluid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. D. A material cooling process during which a portion of solid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,cooling of a fluid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001738 1_1_aw710iaw,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for screening for respiratory disorder NEC'?","A. screening for respiratory condition B. screening is done to prevent a disease or to help identify the disease. C. Patient had a viral disease screening done D. is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that carries sperm",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for screening for respiratory disorder NEC,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000394 1_1_sdbffhqr,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'logitT'?","A. Identification of differentially expressed genes and estimation of the False Discovery Rate (FDR) using both the Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) and the Empirical Bayes Analyses of Microarrays (EBAM). B. The aCGH package functions for reading data from image analysis output files and clone information files, creation of aCGH S3 objects for storing these data. Basic methods for accessing/replacing, subsetting, printing and plotting aCGH objects. C. The logitT library implements the Logit-t algorithm introduced in --A high performance test of differential gene expression for oligonucleotide arrays-- by William J Lemon, Sandya Liyanarachchi and Ming You for use with Affymetrix data stored in an AffyBatch object in R. D. A set of functions to create and interact with dynamic documents and vignettes.",C,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,logitT,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000601 1_1_qjo9qnhn,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Rredland'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Rredland,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000368 1_1_um7kz9e7,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'standardized terms'?","A. contractual element that is a statement made by a party to the contract, before or at the time of making the contract, in regard to some fact, circumstance, or state of affairs pertinent to the contract, which the counterparty(ies) rely on, or is influential in bringing about the contract B. contract provision specifying how funds obtained through financing, such as through a credit agreement, offering, warrant, or other instrument are intended to be used C. contract terms that specify the conditions under which a contract can be extended D. contract terms that, grouped together, that are generally and consistently reused across many contracts, published by some organization, and capable of being incorporated into a contract by reference",D,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,standardized terms,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/StandardizedTerms 1_1_wqod8g8d,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'methotrimeprazine'?","A. A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. B. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively. C. Any amino acid whose side chain is capable of forming one or more hydrogen bonds. D. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.",B,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,methotrimeprazine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6838 1_1_7t1w7z4j,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Uncalcified osteoid'?","A. Bone matrix devoid of hydroxyapatite crystals. B. Portion of extracellular matrix which has as its parts collagenous fibers, ground substance, and inorganic salts. C. Bone matrix impregnated by hydroxyapatite crystals. D. Cardiac muscle tissue which consists of the interatrial fasciculus and the fibrocollagenous sheath that separates the right from the left cardiac atrium.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Uncalcified osteoid,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72176 1_1_dmtwf2hv,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content'?","A. Nonstructural carbohydrate content in the stem B. Total ash, lignin and cell wall carbohydrate content of stem C. Protein content in the stem D. Ash content in the stem",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Stem total nonstructural carbohydrate content,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001143 1_1_18sdy2pv,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'butanediols'?","A. An epoxide that is oxiran-2-ylmethanol which is acylated at position 2 by N-butanoyl-L-seryl-4-methylidenenorvalinyl group. It is a proteasome inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces. B. A diol that is a butanediol or a derivative of a butanediol. C. A tricyclic diterpenoid having formula C30H48O5, originally isolated from the bark of Tripterygium wilfordii. D. A triterpenoid saponin with an arborinane-type terpenoid as the aglycone. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,butanediols,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22944 1_1_30d3g5db,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylcholine P-38:6'?","A. A 1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups contain a total of 34 carbon atoms with 1 additional double bond. B. A 1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain 38 carbon atoms in total with 6 additional double bonds. C. A 1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups contain a total of 40 carbon atoms with 6 additional double bonds. D. A 1-O-(alk-1-enyl)-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alk-1-enyl and acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain 36 carbon atoms in total with 4 additional double bonds.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylcholine P-38:6,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132590 1_1_es9iva8u,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Branching habit - Method'?","A. Growth habit assessed at 60 to 70 days. B. Assessment of late leaf spot severity. C. Visual determination of seed coat pattern at harvest D. Branching habit assessment.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Branching habit - Method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_337:0000096 1_1_uzt69odl,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'hard mode'?","A. Tutorial achievement is awarded to a player for trying out various features of the game. This is often related to learning how to play the game, how the controls work and how the game logic works. An example of Tutorial could be testing out newly gained special equipment or just playing through the in-game tutorial in the beginning. B. Multiplayer achievement describes anything that can be awarded to one or multiple players due to their gameplay in multiplayer. For example, this could be winning 10 Team Fortress matches in a row with the same team or getting killed ten times in a row in Counter-Strike. C. Curiosity describes funny random things that can happen or be found in the game. An example could be jumping from the Eiffel tower without dying or following a comupter controlled character’s activities for one hour. D. HardMode achievement describes succeeding in a game on a high difficulty level. An example could be completing the “Doom” game on Nightmare difficulty level.",D,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,hard mode,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#HardMode 1_1_p04w8ll5,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'aphotic zone'?","A. A pycnocline is a layer across which there is a rapid change in water density with depth. In freshwater environments such as lakes this density change is primarily caused by water temperature, while in seawater environments such as oceans the density change may be caused by changes in water temperature and/or salinity B. The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1% of sunlight penetrates. Consequently, bioluminescence is essentially the only light found in this zone. Most food comes from dead organisms sinking to the bottom of the lake or ocean from other zones. The depth of the aphotic zone can be greatly affected by such things as turbidity and the season of the year. The aphotic zone underlies the photic zone, which is that portion of the ocean directly affected by sunlight. C. The photic zone or euphotic zone is the depth of the water whether in a lake or an ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. The depth of the euphotic zone can be greatly affected by seasonal turbidity. D. The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) comprising the water column that is near to (and is significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundal zone.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,aphotic zone,http://sweetontology.net/realmOcean/AphoticZone 1_1_oen64u26,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Second part of trunk of axillary artery'?","A. Zone of left marginal artery which supplies the inferoapical zone of myocardium of left ventricle. B. Segment of trunk of axillary artery contained in costoclavicular space. C. Zone of investing fascia of arm, each instance of which extends from the crest of lesser tuberlce of some humerus to some medial epicondyle. D. Segment of trunk of axillary artery contained in retropectoralis minor space.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Second part of trunk of axillary artery,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma286559 1_1_gwrvir6u,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of RNA binding'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA binding. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. D. Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of RNA binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1905216 1_1_nh597mlv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'auxin efflux carrier complex'?","A. A protein complex that consists of an alpha3-beta1 integrin complex bound to tissue transglutaminase. B. The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell. C. A protein complex located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. The photosystem functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin. Examples of this complex are found in bacterial species. D. A protein complex that consists of an alpha5-beta1 integrin complex bound to lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase-3.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,auxin efflux carrier complex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009921 1_1_t3epa47v,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Aplasia of the tarsal bones'?","A. Absence of the tarsal bones. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. C. Underdevelopment of the heel bone. D. Absence or underdevelopment of the tarsal bones.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Aplasia of the tarsal bones,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0010509 1_1_n2tm6uns,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mental health counselor'?","A. All counselors not listed separately. B. Counsel and advise individuals and groups to promote optimum mental and emotional health, with an emphasis on prevention. May help individuals deal with a broad range of mental health issues, such as those associated with addictions and substance abuse; family, parenting, and marital problems; stress management; self-esteem; or aging. C. Conduct research using bioinformatics theory and methods in areas such as pharmaceuticals, medical technology, biotechnology, computational biology, proteomics, computer information science, biology and medical informatics. May design databases and develop algorithms for processing and analyzing genomic information, or other biological information. D. Diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases and injuries in children. May refer patients to specialists for further diagnosis or treatment, as needed.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,mental health counselor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_21101400 1_1_3tmqlu2u,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'area of ice cover'?","A. An environmental zone that overlaps that part of a water body covered or partially covered by sea ice. B. An environmental zone which is covered or partially covered by ice. C. An environmental zone which 1) contains ecosystems, constructed features, or other entities deemed to be of natural, historical, cultural, or other significance and 2) has been afforded legal protections restricting one or more forms of use by a competent authority. D. A part of an environmental system whose boundaries are determined by fiat.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,area of ice cover,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_03400016 1_1_tjtlwk7n,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'pharyngeal pouch 2'?","A. A pharyngeal pouch between pharyngeal arches 6 and 7. B. A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3. C. A pharyngeal pouch that is between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2. D. A pharyngeal pouch between pharyngeal arches 5 and 6.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,pharyngeal pouch 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007123 1_1_zrihv8u8,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'conditional cisgender privilege'?","A. A young person who is a transgender man or otherwise transmasculine. B. Social privilege based on one's identity as cisgender or being non-transgender. C. Any of various syndromes defined by chromosome loss. D. An increase in social acceptance conditional upon concealing one's status as being transgender; i.e. being ""read"" as cisgender.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,conditional cisgender privilege,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_004628 1_1_jvmj43yb,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 't!un'?","A. A Southern Pomo person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth. B. An American Indian person (Native American or First Nation) who is gender variant, belonging to any of various cultural gender identities or modern constructions classified as LGBTQIA+. C. A Quinault person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned female at birth. D. A Gros Ventre person who is part of a certain non-binary cultural gender role in those communities and who may, in modern times, be assigned male at birth.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,t!un,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002120 1_1_580redxc,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Respiratory conditions due to other external agents'?","A. A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system B. allergic alveolitis and pneumonitis due to inhaled organic dust and particles of fungal, actinomycetic or other origin C. Respiratory conditions due to inhalation of chemicals, gases, fumes and vapors D. A condition in which there is not enough oxygen in the blood.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Respiratory conditions due to other external agents,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000185 1_1_7l7rvh0n,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. D. A facial expression behaviour in which the eyes are opened widely.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044473 1_1_rchj26aw,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'species subset ontology module'?","A. A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. B. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. C. A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. D. A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes.",C,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,species subset ontology module,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_8000012 1_1_njjhk5vg,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'kidney outer medulla collecting duct principal cell'?","A. Any renal principal cell that is part of some collecting duct of renal tubule. B. An epithelial cell that is part of an outer medullary collecting duct. C. Principal cell that is part of some outer medullary collecting duct. It is known in some mammalian species that this cell may express the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). D. Any renal principal cell that is part of some papillary duct.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,kidney outer medulla collecting duct principal cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000716 1_1_cy0yzyt6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'solfatara'?","A. Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. B. The concentration of yttrium when measured in water ice. C. A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. D. A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,solfatara,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000217 1_1_iwxxhu8r,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Simple squamous epithelium'?","A. Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium. B. Unilaminar epithelium which consists of a single layer of squamous cells. Examples: pulmonary alveolar epithelium, endothelium. C. Simple squamous epithelium which lines pulmonary alveoli. D. Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Simple squamous epithelium,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45565 1_1_3x2773wq,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaflet area index - Computation method'?","A. Compute the storage root dry matter yield content within net plot using the formula B. Compute the total dry weight of storage roots per net plot using the formula C. Estimated by a Plant Canopy Analyzer calculated as LAI (Leaf area index) D. Compute the storage root dry matter content using the formula",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaflet area index - Computation method,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_331:0001110 1_1_kali0rm1,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine 2-epimerase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextrans, to remove successive isomaltotriose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. B. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of alpha-glycosidic linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids. C. Catalysis of the reaction: UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine + H2O = 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranose + UDP + H+. D. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in amylaceous polysaccharides, to remove successive maltohexaose residues from the non-reducing chain ends.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"UDP-N,N'-diacetylbacillosamine 2-epimerase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0102388 1_1_eb3e530n,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic'?","A. a chronic disease in which the bronchial airways in the lungs become narrowed and swollen, making it difficult to breathe B. a condition where the bronchial tubes of the lungs are permanently damaged, widened, and thickened C. (bron-kye-tis) inflammation (swelling and reddening) of the bronchi. D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow.",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"*Bronchitis, not specified as acute or chronic",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000169 1_1_95wy0sq9,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Pneumoconiosis due to dust containing silica'?","A. Pneumoconiosis is one of a group of interstitial lung disease caused by breathing in certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs B. conditions of the lng caused by outside agents C. A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of silicon dioxide, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic. D. A type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Pneumoconiosis due to dust containing silica,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000193 1_1_u2rb31ov,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'hookah'?","A. A behaviour pattern that includes use of a product at least once. B. A smoking product that consists of an open chamber designed to contain organic matter for burning, an enclosed bowl containing water, a flexible hose connected to the bowl and a mouthpiece on the other end, which is used for smoking organic matter. C. A product that is manufactured for a user to taken into the body the products of combustion. D. A process in which a vehicle collides with an object, person or vehicle, causing damage.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,hookah,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000906 1_1_i8olzody,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cognitive behavioral therapy'?","A. A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasant consequences. B. A type of psychotherapy developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. CT is one therapeutic approach within the larger group of cognitive and behavioral therapies and was first expounded by Beck in the 1960s. Cognitive therapy is based on the cognitive model, which states that thoughts, feelings and behavior are all connected, and that individuals can move toward overcoming difficulties and meeting their goals by identifying and changing unhelpful or inaccurate thinking, problematic behavior, and distressing emotional responses. This involves the individual working with the therapist to develop skills for testing and changing beliefs, identifying distorted thinking, relating to others in different ways, and changing behaviors. C. A broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviorism. D. A type of psychotherapy utilized to treat different forms of mental disorders.The treatment involves the identification of unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and the subsequent replacement with behaviors that are beneficial and constructive.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cognitive behavioral therapy,http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D015928 1_1_m23hy8ef,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Vertebra'?","A. Irregular bone, each instance of which is a U-shaped bone of some lower jaw; it has a pair or of rami which articulates with some temporal bones at some temporomandibluar joints. B. Bone complex which has as its direct parts ilium, ischium and pubis. C. Irregular bone that articulates with other vertebrae, or with one other vertebra and the skull or the sacrum D. Renal segment supplied by the anterior superior segmental renal artery.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Vertebra,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9914 1_1_u5m0p0yr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'regulation of protein depolymerization'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization. C. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein depolymerization. D. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,regulation of protein depolymerization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1901879 1_1_schqjs8n,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-(1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)carbamate'?","A. A cyclic tetrapyrrole anion arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group and the C-21 posiiton of chlorophyllide a. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.). B. A dihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of N-[(12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoyl]-gamma-aminobutanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D. Major species at pH 7.3",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N-(1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)carbamate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_228250 1_1_vwy043i1,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'grams of alcohol'?","A. A data item referring to an amount of alcohol expressed in gram units. B. A data item that is about the amount of harm to health caused by an individual using a product relative to other products. C. An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. D. A data item that is the number of important others who vape nicotine in a person's social environment.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,grams of alcohol,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000819 1_1_yu9wx4at,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome 3'?","A. A hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PIGV gene on chromosome 1p36. B. A hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PIGW gene on chromosome 17q12. C. A hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the PIGY gene on chromosome 4q22. D. A hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PGAP2 gene on chromosome 11p15.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome 3,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0070435 1_1_267kskmg,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aversion to smoking'?","A. Male persons who engage in sexual activity with members of the same sex, regardless of how they identify themselves. B. A mental disposition that consists of a strong dislike or disinclination towards an object, situation or behaviour C. A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. D. An aversion towards cigarette smoking",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,aversion to smoking,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001133 1_1_osx578ah,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'electrical or electronics repairer, commercial or industrial equipment'?","A. Perform medical tests in a laboratory environment for use in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases in animals. Prepare vaccines and serums for prevention of diseases. Prepare tissue samples, take blood samples, and execute laboratory tests, such as urinalysis and blood counts. Clean and sterilize instruments and materials and maintain equipment and machines. May assist a veterinarian during surgery. B. Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events. C. Work below surface of water, using surface-supplied air or scuba equipment to inspect, repair, remove, or install equipment and structures. May use a variety of power and hand tools, such as drills, sledgehammers, torches, and welding equipment. May conduct tests or experiments, rig explosives, or photograph structures or marine life. D. Repair, test, adjust, or install electronic equipment, such as industrial controls, transmitters, and antennas.",D,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"electrical or electronics repairer, commercial or industrial equipment",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_49209400 1_1_x682ysx2,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'lactosylceramide biosynthetic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc-beta(1->1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides. B. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosyl-inositol phosphorylceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide group which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues. D. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a lactosyl-ceramide derivative in which a galactose is linked to the galactose via an alpha 1,3 linkage (vs alpha 1,4 for globosides).",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,lactosylceramide biosynthetic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001572 1_1_kbnbvhjl,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete timecourse'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete timecourse,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000717 1_1_qah08dsk,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior wall of left ventricle'?","A. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of the anterior, lateral and inferior wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the septal wall of left ventricle. B. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of the endocardium, basal, mid and apical anterior zones of myocardium of left ventricle and epicardium of anterior wall of left ventricle and is continuous with the lateral and septal walls of left ventricle. C. Region of wall of left ventricle which consists of the endocardium, basal, mid and apical zones of myocardium of left ventricle and epicardium of inferior wall of myocardium of left ventricle and is continuous witht the lateral and septal walls of left ventricle.. D. Region of wall of left ventricle which has as its parts the right and left posterior cusps of aortic valve and the anterior leaflet of mitral valve that is attached to the semilunar fibrous scallop of aortic valve anulus.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior wall of left ventricle,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9560 1_1_7nhi1kdq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'theasinensin A'?","A. A biflavonoid obtained by coupling of two units of 8,3'-dihydroxy-7,4',5'-trimethoxyflavan resulting in a bond between C-5 positions of the two chromene rings. Isolated from Muntingia calabura, it exhibits antineoplastic activity. B. A proanthocyanidin consisting of (+)-catechin and (+)-gallocatechin units joined by a (4alpha->6)-linkage. C. A biflavonoid isolated from Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. D. A biflavonoid that is obtained by coupling of two molecules of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate resulting in a bond between positions C-2 of the hydroxyphenyl ring. It is a natural product found in oolong tea.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,theasinensin A,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9518 1_1_o1gbn5vm,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'anterior chest'?","A. Subdivision of thorax which is anterior to the plane of the posterior boundary of the middle mediastinum. B. The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. C. The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. D. The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and forming all the walls: the deepest being the extraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and a layer of fascia which has different names over where it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia). Superficial to these, but not present in the posterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the transversus abdominis (transverse abdominal muscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and the external oblique (obliquus externus).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,anterior chest,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0016416 1_1_7dsit1vy,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of secretory granule organization'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. B. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of secretory granule organization. C. Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. D. Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of secretory granule organization,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904410 1_1_p38iejvk,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Weevil larvae body weight - measurement'?","A. The shortest diagonal of a fitted ellips B. Measurement under microscope C. Cut the hands off from the rachis and weigh all the hands together, using scales. D. Measure the length of a finger that is at the ready to eat stage, along the external (dorsal) arc, excluding the pedicel and the fruit tip, using a tape measure. Associate the data with the Hand rank and the Number of fingers measured. The recommendation is to collect this data from six fingers in total - three fingers in the middle of the outer whorl from the second hand and from the second-most distal hand.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Weevil larvae body weight - measurement,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0010209 1_1_5czupcm6,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'man with HIV'?","A. A gay person who has HIV. B. A man who has HIV. C. A gay man who has HIV. D. A man who abuses another person or people.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,man with HIV,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_005286 1_1_jx5j9bw6,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Segment of lacrimal duct'?","A. Organ segment which is a regional part of neuraxis. Examples: brain, brainstem, spinal cord. B. Organ segment which is regional part of esophagus. Examples: cervical part of esophagus, vertebral segment of esophagus. C. Organ segment which is regional part of lacrimal duct. Examples: nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac. D. Organ segment which is regional part of pharyngotympanic tube. Examples: cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube, isthmus of pharyngotympanic tube.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Segment of lacrimal duct,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86195 1_1_ix1bttss,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'library assistant, clerical'?","A. Compile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials. B. Research rates, routings, or modes of transport for shipment of products. Maintain awareness of regulations affecting the international movement of cargo. Make arrangements for additional services, such as storage or inland transportation. C. Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters. D. Set up, operate, or tend machines that cut textiles.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"library assistant, clerical",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_43412100 1_1_tlsf412s,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway'?","A. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a small GTPase-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. B. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts an NF-kappaB-mediated signaling cascade in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. A process in which a symbiont subverts a signal transduction pathway in the host organism by initiating, promoting, or enhancing its activation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. D. A process in which a symbiont alters or subverts a jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,symbiont-mediated activation of host signal transduction pathway,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0052028 1_1_hdh7unum,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'nurse anesthetist'?","A. Administer anesthesia, monitor patient's vital signs, and oversee patient recovery from anesthesia. May assist anesthesiologists, surgeons, other physicians, or dentists. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education. B. Research and study cellular molecules and organelles to understand cell function and organization. C. Assist judges in court or by conducting research or preparing legal documents. D. Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment.",A,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,nurse anesthetist,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_29115100 1_1_6tu2yozq,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger'?","A. A secondary ossification center in the middle phalanx of the second finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. B. A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanges of the hand that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. C. A secondary ossification center in the proximal phalanx of the second finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone. D. A secondary ossification center in the second finger that is distinct from the normal epiphysis that does not contribute to the longitudinal growth of a tubular bone.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Pseudoepiphysis of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd finger,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0009531 1_1_4c1p8zea,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spikelet rachilla'?","A. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a second order inflorescence axis . B. The axis of the spikelet, above the glumes. C. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a eighth order inflorescence axis . D. An inflorescence branch arising on a first order tassel inflorescence axis or from a higher order inflorescence branch that is part of a tassel inflorescence .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spikelet rachilla,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0009080 1_1_xqhvxz0p,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'visual consciousness'?","A. Auditory consciousness is consciousness of an auditory stimulus, as a part of a conscious process of hearing. B. Direct consciousness is consciousness of phenomenal experience, it is the given experience in consciousness of (for example) sounds, tastes, emotions and bodily feelings. C. Visual consciousness is consciousness of a visual stimulus, as experienced through the visual sensory medium as a part of a process of seeing. D. Olfactory consciousness is consciousness of an olfactory stimulus (scent), as experienced through the olfactory sensory medium as a part of a process of smelling.",C,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,visual consciousness,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MF_0000034 1_1_auir72z6,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'marine iceberg'?","A. An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. B. An ice mass which is suspended in a water body, being sufficiently buoyant for part of the mass to breach the surface of that water body. C. A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. D. An iceberg which 1) has a flat upper surface, 2) is derived from an ice shelf, ice tongue, or floating tidewater glacier via detachment.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,marine iceberg,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000298 1_1_rjdghbwe,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'ocean'?","A. A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. B. A lentic water body which has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. C. A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. D. Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,ocean,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000015 1_1_fyyoy7tu,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'systemic inflammatory response syndrome of non-infectious origin'?","A. a serious condition related to systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. B. Examples: fever >38 degrees c or hypothermia <36 degrees c; tachycardia >90 beat/minute; tachypnea >24 breaths/minute; (4) leukocytosis >12,000 cells/cubic mm or 10% immature forms. C. A disorder characterized by swelling due to excessive fluid accumulation at a specific anatomic site D. is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that carries sperm",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,systemic inflammatory response syndrome of non-infectious origin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000460 1_1_axsvvrd3,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'marin'?","A. The Arabic name for a northeasterly wind that ocurrs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, especially near the entrance to the gulf and also on the Makran coast. B. A violent east wind on Lake Tanganyika in Africa. C. A warm moist southeast wind from the sea on the French Mediterranean coast and in the Maritime Alps, especially frequent in spring and autumn. In the Rh?ne delta it blows also from the south. The marin is associated with depressions that cross southern France or northern Spain and the Gulf of Lions. Generally, it is strong and regular, sometimes violent and turbulent in hilly country as the ayalas in the Massif Central; it is very humid, cloudy with hill fog, and often rainy (unless unaccompanied by fronts, when it is the marin blanc). The heavy rains, which may continue for one or two days on the mountain slopes, cause dangerous river floods. On the western slope of the C?vennes it becomes the autan. In the southern C?vennes the marin is called the aygalas. On the coast of Catalonia (northeast Spain) and Roussillon (southern France) it is the marinada and generally occurs with a depression centered over or south of the Gulf of Gascony. Compare sirocco. D. A mesoscale wind maximum. It typically may have an along-flow length scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers and a cross- flow length scale of 100 km. Mesojets differ from planetary-scale jets, which can have length scales of several thousand kilometers, and synoptic-scale jets, which may have length scales of 1000? 2000 km and are commonly found in association with progressive synoptic-scale troughs and ridges. Larger mesojets may also sometimes be known as jet streaks. Mesojets can form adjacent to prominent orographic features in association with terrain-channeled flow. Mesojets are also seen in association with organized mesocale convective systems as typified by the evaporatively driven rear-inflow jet commonly found behind active squall lines lines. Mesojets may also be found in conjunction with prominent lower-tropospheric stable layers where the airflow can become decoupled from the planetary boundary layer, especially at night. An exceptionally well organized lower-tropospheric mesojet extending over hundreds of kilometers might be known as a low-level jet.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,marin,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/Marin 1_1_zn6634je,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'earthy'?","A. The most common fracture type is conchoidal. This is a smoothly curved fracture that is familiar to people who have examined broken glass. B. a fracture that produces a texture similar to broken children's clay. It is found in minerals that are generally massive and loosely consolidated. C. Similar to conchoidal, just not as curved, but still smooth. D. In geology, a fault or fault line is a planar rock fracture, which shows evidence of relative movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along faults. The largest examples are at tectonic plate boundaries but many faults occur far from active plate boundaries. Since faults do not usually consist of a single, clean fracture, the term fault zone is used when referring to the zone of complex deformation that is associated with the fault plane.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,earthy,http://sweetontology.net/phenSolid/Earthy 1_1_22bjin2w,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'temporal fenestra'?","A. A fenestra that is part of a premaxilla. B. An antorbital fenestra is an opening in the skull, in front of the eye sockets. This skull formation first appeared in archosaurs during the Triassic Period. Living birds today possess antorbital fenestrae, but the feature has been lost in modern crocodilians. In some archosaur species, the opening has closed but its location is still marked by a depression, or fossa, on the surface of the skull. This is called an antorbital fossa. C. One of two bilaterally symmetrical holes (fenestrae) in the temporal bone. D. A third opening of the posttemporal fossa posteriorly located relative to the fossa. It is bordered completely by the epiocciptial, or by both the epioccipital and exoccipital.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,temporal fenestra,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0014459 1_1_cxzgakxl,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Exclusionary_Right'?","A. Legal doctrine is a framework, set of rules, procedural steps, or test, often established through precedent in the common law, through which judgments can be determined in a given legal cas B. An exclusionary right concerns the prohibition against performing certain inferences (against reasoning in certain ways), or against using certain kinds of premises for certain purposes, in the interest of a particular person. This is especially the case with anti-discrimination rules. C. A belief in some violation D. Directed obligative ought-to-do are also called obligative rights. k has the obligative right that j does A iff it is obligatory, toward k, that j does A. An example of obligative right is “it is obligatory, toward Mary, that Tom pays 1,000 euro to John”",B,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Exclusionary_Right,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Exclusionary_Right 1_1_xkafziup,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'flush'?","A. A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. B. A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with the upper surface of a glacier or objects on top of the glacier. C. Positional quality in which an entity is located outside of another entity. D. A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being level or even with another surface.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,flush,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0002518 1_1_jtr02sxo,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'mesangiosperm'?","A. Pederasty in ancient Greece was a socially acknowledged romantic relationship between an adult male (the erastes) and a younger male (the eromenos) usually in his teens. B. A group of flowering plants (angiosperms), informally called ""mesangiosperms"". They are one of two main clades of angiosperms. C. A clade of flowering plants mainly characterized by having two seed leaves upon germination. D. A woman who abstains from sexual activity from men, but does not necessarily engage in sexual activity with women.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,mesangiosperm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_1437183 1_1_me5rirym,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'orbit alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma'?","A. An orbit rhabdomyosarcoma that is characterized by elongated to round spindle cells with features of skeletal muscle in different stages of embryogenesis with a highly eosiniphilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. B. An orbit rhabdomyosarcoma that is characterized by ill-defined aggregates of poorly differentiated malignant cells that are loosely arranged and separated into irregular ovoid spaces by thin fibrovascular septa in an alveolar pattern which is absent in the solid form. C. An orbit sarcoma that is that arises from primitive pleuripotential mesenchymal cells that possess the ability to differentiate into striated muscle, most often in young children. D. A fallopian tube adenocarcinoma that derives_from epithelial cells originating in glandular tissue forming serous lesions.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,orbit alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_4384 1_1_mum5864o,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism'?","A. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. B. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. C. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. D. A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism.",A,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044474 1_1_48x76hde,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'gastroduodenal Crohn's disease'?","A. An inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation located_in stomach and located_in duodenum, has_symptom nausea, has_symptom vomiting, has_symptom weight loss and has_symptom loss of appetite. B. An inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation located_in colon and located_in ileum, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom weight loss, has_symptom abdominal pain in middle or lower right part. The most common type of Crohn's disease. C. An inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation located_in ileum, has_symptom diarrhea, has_symptom abdominal pain, often in the right lower quadrant, has_symptom weight loss. D. An intestinal disease that involves inflammation located_in intestine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,gastroduodenal Crohn's disease,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060191 1_1_pq84ymj7,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'spore capsule operculum'?","A. A single or double circle of peristome teeth inside a sporangium mouth. B. A cup- or tube-shaped cardinal organ part, bearing perianth and stamens on its rim, so these arise above the base, and often above the top, of the ovary. C. A cardinal organ part that is the apical part of a spore capsule that separates from the rest of the capsule during dehiscence. D. The basal part of a phyllome , where it attaches to a shoot axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,spore capsule operculum,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030044 1_1_nal6ne8q,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes '*Acute bronchiolitis'?","A. Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection (most commonly respiratory syncytial virus) B. acute infection that affects the lower respiratory tract. C. an acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles that is usually caused by a viral infection D. lower respiratoy tract infection that causes reversible bronchia inflammation",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,*Acute bronchiolitis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000197 1_1_kw3x6hkw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'petunidin chloride'?","A. An anthocyanidin chloride that has pelargonidin as the cationic counterpart. B. An anthocyanidin chloride that has petunidin as the cationic component. C. An anthocyanidin chloride that has luteolinidin as the cationic counterpart. D. An organic chloride salt of any anthocyanidin.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,petunidin chloride,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75035 1_1_a4hk7et7,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'lung goblet cell differentiation'?","A. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroendocrine cell of the lung epithelium. B. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a type II pneumocyte. A type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies. C. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins. D. The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung secretory cell. A lung secretory cell is a specialized epithelial cell of the lung that contains large secretory granules in its apical part.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,lung goblet cell differentiation,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060480 1_1_tdjzm5pi,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fifth order inflorescence axis'?","A. An inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of an inflorescence axis . B. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a eighth order inflorescence axis . C. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a fourth order inflorescence axis . D. A higher order inflorescence axis that develops from an inflorescence axillary meristem of a sixth order inflorescence axis .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fifth order inflorescence axis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025106 1_1_r1u3mhet,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Alzheimer disease 13'?","A. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 9p22.1. B. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q25. C. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 10p13. D. An Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by an associated with variation in the region 1q21.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Alzheimer disease 13,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012630 1_1_esn0fwsr,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'circumflex humeral vein'?","A. One of the several veins that drain the mesencephalon; the posterior ones are tributaries to the great cerebral vein; the lateral ones are tributaries to the basal vein. The main veins are: pontomesencephalic vein [TA] (vena pontomesencephalica [TA]), interpeduncular veins [TA] (venae interpedunculares [TA]), intercollicular vein [TA] (vena intercollicularis [TA]), and lateral mesencephalic vein [TA] (vena mesencephalica lateralis [TA])[MedLex]. The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet it's partner the mesencephalic artery[XAO]. B. A vein that is tributary of the brachial vein and drains blood from the hand and medial and posterior aspect of forearm. C. A vein that is tributary of the axillary vein and drains blood from the region around the neck of the humerus. D. One of the veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,circumflex humeral vein,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8600073 1_1_7725ipmk,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ascites'?","A. a decrease in your normal sensations in the skin such as touch or temperature B. A disorder characterized by the reflexive act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth. C. Abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen D. an acute bleeding from the lung, from the upper respiratory tract and the trachea, and the alveoli",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,ascites,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000396 1_1_9r6rnv95,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'longitudinal wave'?","A. A transverse wave is a wave that causes vibration in the medium in a perpendicular direction to its own motion. For example: if a wave moves along the x-axis, its disturbances are in the yz-plane. In other words, it causes medium disturbances across the two-dimensional plane that it is travelling in. Contrary to popular belief, transversal waves do not necessarily move up and down. B. Seismic waves are phenomena that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body. [Wikipedia] C. With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave. D. Longitudinal waves are waves that have vibrations along or parallel to their direction of travel. They include waves in which the motion of the medium is in the same direction as the motion of the wave. Mechanical longitudinal waves have been also referred to as compressional waves or pressure waves",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,longitudinal wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/LongitudinalWave 1_1_ytll1jhm,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'chalaza'?","A. A portion of plant tissue that is the region in a plant ovule where the integuments and the nucellus join with the funicule . B. A portion of plant tissue that is the outermost layer of endosperm in a seed , its cells being characterized by presence of protein bodies . C. Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle. D. A portion of plant tissue consisting of four megaspores that remained joined together shortly after meiosis. One cell will give rise to a female gametophyte.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,chalaza,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020026 1_1_br4sz8a1,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Average - half-filled spikelet weight'?","A. Measure the ratio of the length of cooked to uncooked polished (white) rice grains B. Take subsample of half-filled spikelets, count, oven-dry, weigh and express in grain weight / number of grain C. Calculate from total number of panicles per hill and the area of the hills sampled D. Calculate ratio of total aerenchyma area to culm area",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Average - half-filled spikelet weight,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0001261 1_1_r75z7yas,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified'?","A. Primary cancerous tumor of the colon B. A rare condition in which chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) changes into a fast-growing type of lymphoma. Symptoms of richter syndrome include fever, loss of weight and muscle mass, and other health problems. C. cancerous tumor of the brain D. A neoplasm without malignant characteristics arising from the lip.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,"malignant neoplasm of colon, unspecified",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000459 1_1_80evcv8r,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cell'?","A. An amacrine cell that uses both GABA and glycine as neurotransmitters. B. An amacrine cell with a wild dendritic field, dendrites in S3, and post-synaptic terminals in S3. Dendrites have spikes, cross over each other, and cover a larger volume than dendrties of W3-1 retinal amacrine cells. C. An amacrine cell with a wide dendritic field and post-synaptic terminals in S5. This cell type releases the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin. D. An amacrine cell with a medium dendritic field and post-synaptic terminals in S2, S3, and S4. This cell type releases the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,indoleamine-accumulating amacrine cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0004245 1_1_3nsnsqh9,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bronchopulmonary segment'?","A. Vertebropelvic ligament, each instance of which is a triangular-shaped fibrous band with its apex attached to the spine of some ischium and with its base to the lateral part of some sacrum. B. Lobular segment, each instance of which is some smaller subdivision of some lung, separated by some connective tissue septum and supplied by a branch of some lobar bronchus. C. Lobular segment in liver demarcated by the internal distribution pattern of the portal triad and/or the hepatic veins. D. Excretion in semisolid state processed by the intestine.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Bronchopulmonary segment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7312 1_1_gmh8y1np,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'spinocerebellar ataxia type 26'?","A. A cerebellar ataxia that has_material_basis_in autosomal dominant inheritance. B. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by late-onset ataxia, dysarthria and horizontal nystagmus, has_material_basis_in repeat expansion mutation in the BEAN1 gene. C. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by progressive ataxia, has_material_basis_in mutation in the CACNA1A gene. D. An autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia that is characterized by slowly progressive ataxia and oculomotor abnormalities, has_material_basis_in mutation in the EEF2 gene.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,spinocerebellar ataxia type 26,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0050975 1_1_fdofu31r,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'sclerid cell'?","A. A portion of exothecium that is part of a microsporangium wall . B. A sclerenchyma cell with many pits in the secondary cell wall. C. A ground tissue cell with a lignified secondary cell wall. D. A sclerenchyma cell that is elongated and tapering.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,sclerid cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025418 1_1_n7lrz1xl,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cooling or freezing equipment operator or tender'?","A. Wash or otherwise clean vehicles, machinery, and other equipment. Use such materials as water, cleaning agents, brushes, cloths, and hoses. B. Operate or tend equipment such as cooling and freezing units, refrigerators, batch freezers, and freezing tunnels, to cool or freeze products, food, blood plasma, and chemicals. C. Lay out reference points and dimensions on metal or plastic stock or workpieces, such as sheets, plates, tubes, structural shapes, castings, or machine parts, for further processing. Includes shipfitters. D. Assemble or modify electrical or electronic equipment, such as computers, test equipment telemetering systems, electric motors, and batteries.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,cooling or freezing equipment operator or tender,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51919300 1_1_n8x8b3c7,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'IUCN wilderness area'?","A. An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. B. An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. C. An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. D. An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,IUCN wilderness area,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001163 1_1_6lgz4puw,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'closed'?","A. A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. B. A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. C. A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. D. The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in water.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,closed,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000608 1_1_o8696g0y,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylene + O2 = 2 vanillin. B. Catalysis of the reaction: catechol + O2 = cis,cis-muconate. C. Catalysis of the reaction: 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + O2 = 2-hydroxy-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate + H+. D. Catalysis of the reaction: S-sulfanylglutathione + O2 + H2O = sulfite + glutathione + 2 H+.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,"2,3-dihydroxybenzoate 3,4-dioxygenase activity",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045133 1_1_fh4vn8e0,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'macrophage apoptotic process'?","A. Any apoptotic process in a dendritic cell, a cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. B. Any apoptotic process in a leukocyte, an achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, found in blood or other tissue. C. Any apoptotic process in a macrophage, a mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues. D. Any apoptotic process in an inflammatory cell, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,macrophage apoptotic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0071888 1_1_26a4vp0v,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'future forebrain'?","A. A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. B. The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. C. Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. D. The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon.",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,future forebrain,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006240 1_1_jf97wx4d,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'posterior intervertebral notch'?","A. Space formed by the anterior and posterior intervertebral notches. The intervertebral spaces accommodate the spinal nerves as they emerge from the spinal canal. B. Opening on the lateral side of the vertebra for the passage of blood vessels. C. Indentation on the anterior margin of the pedicel. When two vertebrae articulate, the anterior notch of one vertebra and the posterior notch of the other create a bilateral intervertebral space. D. A fossa on the posterior median part of the neural arch of a vertebra (as of a snake) that accommodates the zygosphene of the next vertebra.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,posterior intervertebral notch,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000696 1_1_yn1riex5,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Peptide Hormone'?","A. Small proteins that function as hormonal signals, synthesized and secreted by one tissue or organ with physiological effects on other tissues or organs. B. A protein that is a translation product of the human APP gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. C. Collection of proteins that are evolutionarily related. This is reflected in the structural and functional similarities as well as in the extent of sequence conservation or residue identity. (from SCOP) D. Chromogranins are acidic secretory glycoproteins with a widespread but specific distribution in neuroendocrine tissues. The chromogranin family is heterogenous, consisting of propeptides such as chromogranin-A, chromogranin-B and secretogranin II, which can either elicit an effect themselves, or serve as precursors to a large number of peptides, which are biologically more active.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Peptide Hormone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C1746 1_1_3t0su0fq,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'heptacosanoate'?","A. A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexacosapentaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. B. A 2-hydroxy fatty acid that is the 2-hydroxy derivative of nervonic acid. C. The conjugate base of cerotic acid. D. A very long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of heptacosanoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,heptacosanoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78020 1_1_xhmhg835,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'citrus fruit food product'?","A. A plant fruit food product which is labeled (in common language or by regulation) as a vegetable food product. B. A food product derived from plant fruit. C. A seed of a pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan). D. A citrus fruit is botanically classified as a type of berry called a hesperidium that has a thick, leathery rind, with numerous oil glands, and a large flesh portion composed of several wedge-shaped sections. Unlike pome fruit, such as the apple, the citrus fruit is derived from a superior ovary, an ovary completely separate from the calyx.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,citrus fruit food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001151 1_1_v2ecz9ry,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'personal history of long-term (current) use of anticoagulants'?","A. thinner blood B. Treatment that lowers the activity of the body's immune system. C. malignant, aggressive tumor that forms in the breast D. Interruptions, blockage, or diseases that affect how your heart or blood vessels pump blood can cause complications such as heart disease or stroke.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,personal history of long-term (current) use of anticoagulants,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl#ICDO_0000525 1_1_f791zqga,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'PrefixedUnit'?","A. A base unit is a unit that is not naturally decomposed into other units. B. A composite unit is the product of at least two base or derived units. For example, 'meter per second square' denotes a composite unit defined over 'meter' (a base unit) and 'per second square' (a derived unit). C. A prefixed unit consists of a base unit and a prefix integer value that serves as a multiplier. For example, a centimeter is a prefixed unit that combines a meter base unit and the prefix multiplier 0.01 such that one centimeter is equivalent to 0.01 meters. D. A derived unit raises a base or prefixed unit to an integer power other than 0 or 1. For example, the unit 'square meter' is a unit derived from the 'meter' base unit raised to the power 2. As another example, a 'square centimeter' is a unit derived from the 'centimeter' prefixed unit raised to the power 2. BRL 20160601: I removed this restriction so that CompositeUnits like XXXPerLiter would not reason to owl:Nothing. hasUnit exactly 1 (BaseUnit or PrefixedUnit)",C,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,PrefixedUnit,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#PrefixedUnit 1_1_t11wwc1f,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'lower glume of sessile spikelet of ear'?","A. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear pedicellate spikelet. B. A shoot system development stage during which a shoot system emerges from the bud . C. A lower glume that is part of an ear spikelet. D. A lower glume of ear spikelet that is part of an ear sessile spikelet.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,lower glume of sessile spikelet of ear,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0006438 1_1_ofin27q9,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'daily e-cigarette user'?","A. An e-cigarette user who is not a tobacco user. B. An e-cigarette user who engages in e-cigarette use every day. C. An e-cigarette user who self-reports first time ever use of an e-cigarette. D. An e-cigarette user who is a former tobacco smoker.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,daily e-cigarette user,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000801 1_1_123gkq88,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'butte'?","A. An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. B. An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. C. An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. D. An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,butte,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00000287 1_1_fsuvovbr,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mat DS87 date Estimation'?","A. Severity of rust in spike is recorded as a percentage, according to the modified Cobb scale. As this relies upon observation it cannot be absolutely accurate. Thus it is common to use the following intervals: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 percent infection. B. Record date of physiological maturity (approx. DS87). It is estimated as when the grain reaches the maximum dry weight and the grain becomes viable. It is most easily determined in-field when 50% of the peduncles are ripe (i.e., yellow). C. Observe the growth of plants per plot/entry at the field presenting soil salinity and rate the tolerance. D. Leaf tip necrosis is observed and rated in percentage.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Mat DS87 date Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_321:0000842 1_1_abyp94ux,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'adrenal/interrenal gland'?","A. The medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi), about 4 mm. in length and 2 mm. in breadth, is attached to the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove. Crossing the lacrimal sac, it divides into two parts, upper and lower, each attached to the medial end of the corresponding tarsus. As the ligament crosses the lacrimal sac, a strong aponeurotic is given off from its posterior surface; this expands over the sac, and is attached to the posterior lacrimal crest. B. A somatic cell located in skeletal muscle. C. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells[GO]. D. Remnant in a female of the portion of the embryonic mesonephric duct that develops into the ductus deferens in males.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,adrenal/interrenal gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0006858 1_1_fwes9bnf,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate'?","A. A N-acyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl. B. A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid. C. A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent. D. Carbohydrate derivatives resulting from the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins. They result in cells becoming stiffer and more prone to damage and premature aging.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21519 1_1_yqoc49q5,"In the ontology of CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, which of the following definitions best describes 'Part Addition'?","A. This class comprises activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being increased, enlarged, or augmented by the addition of a part. Typical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated instance of E78 Curated Holding. Both the E18 Physical Thing being augmented and the E18 Physical Thing that is being added are treated as separate identifiable wholes prior to the instance of E79 Part Addition. Following the addition of parts, the resulting assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artefacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Curated Holding over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic: B. This class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. It specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. This entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.Examples:In First Order Logic: C. This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part. Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated collection, an instance of E78 Curated Holding. If the instance of E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an instance of E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be modelled as both an instance of E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.Examples:In First Order Logic: D. This class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. This class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object. Since the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities. An activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object. If the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.Examples:In First Order Logic:",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/cidoc_crm,E79 Part Addition,http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E79_Part_Addition 1_1_pcv34ke2,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ear growth rate'?","A. Number of plants per unit area. B. Presence and intensity of hairs on the surface of the leaf sheath. C. Growth rate of the ear(s) on a plant. It may include the sum of the apical and sub-apical ear growth from prolific plants. D. Stem lodging incidence. The plants that show stem lodging, i.e. those stems that are broken below the ear.",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ear growth rate,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000016 1_1_m8n52t6u,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other specified pneumonia'?","A. contagious viral infection caused by rhinovirus that causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes B. Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home C. Influenza, commonly known as ""the flu"", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus. Symptoms can be mild to severe. D. Influenza is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,Influenza due to other identified influenza virus with other specified pneumonia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/icdo.owl/ICDO_0000223 1_1_3l03if68,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'odontogenic mesenchyme of molar'?","A. A receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C isoform CD45R that is a translation product of some mRNA whose exon structure and start site selection renders it capable of giving rise to a protein with the amino acid sequence represented by UniProtKB:P08575-8 or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. B. An odontogenic mesenchyme that is part of a incisor tooth. C. An odontogenic papilla that is part of a molar tooth [Automatically generated definition]. D. Mesenchyme enclosed by a dental organ that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla.",C,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,odontogenic mesenchyme of molar,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0011641 1_1_6hsqee94,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete qPCR data'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete qPCR data,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000670 1_1_c2jgh9s2,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis'?","A. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. B. Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis. C. Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of artery morphogenesis. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,negative regulation of aorta morphogenesis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903848 1_1_ol56nyxs,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intrahepatic bile duct carcionoma'?","A. Tumor of the connective tissues of the bile ducts B. a brain tumor that is currently benign but has characteristics that make it possible for the tumor to become malignant (cancerous) C. Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder. D. A neoplasm without malignant characteristics arising from the lip.",A,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,intrahepatic bile duct carcionoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000465 1_1_l1ps6wyt,"In the ontology of Geology, which of the following definitions best describes 'amount of rock'?","A. Unconsolidated earth material is an 'earth material' that is consituted by an aggregate of solid particles but is not consolidated into a 'rock' it self. B. An amount of rock is a solid consolidated 'earth material' that is 'constituted by' an aggregate of particles made of mineral matter or material of biological origin. C. It is a natural amount of matter 'generated by' some 'geological process'. D. An amount of rock is an 'earth material' that is a naturally occuring, inorganic, solid, homogeneous chemical compound with a crystalline structure.",B,1_1,earth_environment/geocore_ontology,amount of rock,https://www.inf.ufrgs.br/bdi/ontologies/GEOCORE_0000008 1_1_ds91urvs,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'ageostrophic wind'?","A. In the classification of Jeffreys, a wind motion only in response to the pressure force. B. The vector difference between the real (or observed) wind and the geostrophic wind C. A wind that assists the intended progress of an exposed, moving object, for example, rendering an airborne object's groundspeed greater than its airspeed; the opposite of a headwind. D. A local wind created by acceleration of the airflow through a gap, constriction, or channel in a mountain range or between ranges.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,ageostrophic wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWind/AgeostrophicWind 1_1_64n7eab6,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'type I hypersensitivity'?","A. An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. B. An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines. C. An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. D. An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,type I hypersensitivity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016068 1_1_eebi6fae,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'arachidonate'?","A. An oxo fatty acid anion and the conjugate base of colneleic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group. B. A docosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of (13R,14S)-dihydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. C. An icosanoid anion that is any icosapentaenoate bearing hydroxy and hydroperoxy substituents. An oxidation product of icosapentaenoic acid metabolism. D. A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,arachidonate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32395 1_1_v64ss94l,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'public health promotion policy'?","A. A policy that is applied by a public body. B. A public policy that aims to improve the health of a population. C. A public policy that regulates e-cigarettes, their marketing or their use. D. A public policy that involves legislation to reduce the incidence of vehicle driving with alcohol in the body.",B,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,public health promotion policy,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001273 1_1_vukrk22r,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'benign familial infantile seizures 2'?","A. An infancy electroclinical syndrome that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae. B. A benign familial infantile epilepsy that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the SCN8A gene on chromosome 12q13. C. A benign familial infantile epilepsy that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the CHRNA2 gene on chromosome 8p21. D. A benign familial infantile epilepsy that is characterized by afebrile partial complex or generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurring between 3 and 12 months of age with a good response to medication and no neurologic sequelae and that has_material_basis_in mutation in the PRRT2 gene on chromosome 16p11.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,benign familial infantile seizures 2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081115 1_1_f4wcafs5,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'microfold cell of epithelium of intestinal villus'?","A. A M cell that is part of the epithelium proper of jejunum. B. A M cell that is part of the epithelium of intestinal villus. C. A M cell that is part of the epithelium proper of ileum. D. A M cell that is part of the epithelium of small intestine.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,microfold cell of epithelium of intestinal villus,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_1000354 1_1_ex4zhctp,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'reproductive gland'?","A. Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. B. A sex gland that is part of a male reproductive system. C. A section through the tube or network of tubes that connects the ovaries to the outside of the body. D. Any of the organized aggregations of cells that function as secretory or excretory organs and are associated with reproduction.",D,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,reproductive gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003937 1_1_qqvyiyny,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'ellagitannin'?","A. Is trimer of casuarictin linked by sanguisorbic acid ester groups between glucopyranose moieties. It contributes to the antioxidant capacity of raspberries. B. Dimer of casuarictin linked by a bond between the gallic acid residue and one of the hexahydroxydiphenic acid units. It has sanguisorbic acid ester groups as linking units between glucopyranose moieties. C. An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1. D. A form of hydrolysable tannin produced from ellagic acid. Ellagitannins are glucosides which are readily hydrolysed by water to regenerate ellagic acid when the plants are eaten.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,ellagitannin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23909 1_1_cqeqe4tm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'cervical mammary gland'?","A. A mammary gland that is part of a cervical region. B. A specialized accessory gland of the skin of mammals that secretes milk. The gland is typically only developed in females, and regresses in males. C. A lactiferous gland that is located in the thoracic region/breast. D. A lactiferous gland that is part of the abdominal region [Automatically generated definition].",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,cervical mammary gland,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005199 1_1_i4wpqozr,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant stem or spear food product'?","A. A genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. B. A food product derived from plant fruit. C. A vegetable food product containing one or more pickled vegetables. D. A food product deriving from a plant stem or spear part.",D,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,plant stem or spear food product,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002156 1_1_5dx4w472,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'book end vorticities'?","A. More often the term refers to a flow with closed streamlines or to the idealized case in which all vorticity is concentrated in a vortex filament. B. Mesoscale vortices observed at the ends of a line segment of convective cells, usually cyclonic on the northern end of the system and anticyclonic on the southern end, for an environment of westerly vertical wind shear C. Diffusion or dispersion due to the effects of turbulent motions. D. A straight line vortex, the flow of which can be modeled in two dimensions, with a point concentration of vorticity surrounded by irrotational flow.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,book end vorticities,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/BookEndVorticities 1_1_3p8d731w,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Diaminoaciduria'?","A. An increased urine level of any amino acid carrying two amino groups (Asparagine, glutamine and lysine, cystine, ornithine). B. An increased level of a dibasic amino acid in the urine. Dibasic amino acids are usually referred to simply as basic aminoacids because they contain basic side chains at neutral pH. These are arginine (Arg), lysine (Lys), and histidine (His). C. An elevated urinary concentration of sarcosine. D. An elevated level of an glutamine family amino acid in the urine.",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Diaminoaciduria,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008339 1_1_7r23153a,"In the ontology of Financial Instruments, which of the following definitions best describes 'currency instrument'?","A. written contract that gives rise to both a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability of another entity B. financial instrument used for the purposes of currency trading C. financial instrument whose value is determined by the market and that is readily transferable (highly liquid) D. financial instrument representing an ownership interest in bulk goods, such as raw materials and primary agricultural products",B,1_1,business_finance/financial_instruments_ontology,currency instrument,https://spec.edmcouncil.org/fibo/ontology/FBC/FinancialInstruments/FinancialInstruments/CurrencyInstrument 1_1_pos41sm7,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton'?","A. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 3 plus the associated metapodial element. B. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of pedal digit 4 plus the associated metapodial element. C. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 6 plus the associated metapodial element. D. A subdivision of the skeleton of the autopod consisting of the phalanges of manual digit 4 plus the associated metapodial element.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,manual digit 4 digitopodial skeleton,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_5103624 1_1_flyngd96,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'upper fourth secondary molar tooth'?","A. The molar tooth of the upper jaw that is phylogenetically number 4. B. A secondary molar tooth that is part of a upper jaw region. C. The molar tooth of the upper or lower jaw that is phylogenetically number 4. D. The palmar branch of the median nerve is a branch of the median nerve which arises at the lower part of the forearm and innervates skin of proximal central palm and thenar eminence.",A,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,upper fourth secondary molar tooth,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_7500057 1_1_d28bzrq0,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'rhinosporidiosis'?","A. A nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by localized areas of hyperkeratosis located mainly on pressure points and sites of recurrent friction. B. A parasitic Ichthyosporea infectious disease that is a chronic granulomatous infection of the mucous membranes caused by the parasite Rhinosporidium seeberi, which manifests as vascular friable polyps that arise from the nasal mucosa or external structures of the eye. Disease of the skin, mouth, upper airways, ear, genitals, and rectum has also been observed. C. An autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder that has_material_basis_in homozygous mutation in the TNIK gene on chromosome 3q26. D. A parasitic infectious disease that involves parasitic infection by the members of the class Ichthyosporea, which are parasites of fish and other animals.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,rhinosporidiosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_2409 1_1_bkorbqgw,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'dihydrocubebin'?","A. A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are on different carbon atoms of an unbranched saturated chain of eight carbon atoms. B. A glycol that is butane-1,4-diol substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl groups (the R,R-configuration). C. A substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups. D. Any of the lignans with a 9-aryl-1-oxo-1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-yl glycoside skeleton originally isolated from Cleistanthus collinus, a toxic deciduous shrub. While all parts of the plant are poisonous, the leaves in particular are used as a suicide poison by young women in rural parts of southern India. Cleistanthins A and B have been particularly associated with the toxicity of the plant, with cleistanthin A being more potent than cleistanthin B.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,dihydrocubebin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_543841 1_1_l30mt6dx,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'insulin'?","A. A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. B. Any heteroorganic entity containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond. C. A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. D. A peptide hormone which consists of two polypeptide chains, A- and B- chains which are linked together by disulfide bonds. The amino acid sequence of insulin varies across species and certain segments of the molecule are highly conserved. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain consists of 30 amino acids. In mammals, insulin is synthesised in the pancreas within the beta cells whereas in certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,insulin,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145810 1_1_5r35ev9c,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seta'?","A. A stalk that supports a spore capsule, the sporangium . B. A stalk that is the basal part of an antheridium . C. A stalk that supports an antheridium head . D. A stalk that attaches a plant ovule to a placenta .",A,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seta,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0030032 1_1_4ufnmkbs,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'cultural identity'?","A. Identification with a profession, exhibited by an aligning of roles, responsibilities, values, and ethical standards as accepted by the profession. B. A religious identity is the set of beliefs and practices generally held by an individual, involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals and study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history, and mythology, as well as faith and mystic experience. C. Cultural identity is the (feeling of) identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as they are influenced by their belonging to a group or culture. D. Bicultural identity is the condition of being oneself regarding the combination of two cultures.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,cultural identity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_007230 1_1_bsenjg7s,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed cloud'?","A. A visible aggregate of minute water droplets and/or ice particles in the atmosphere above the earth's surface. B. A cloud formed when two subsaturated volumes of moist air with different temperatures and vapor pressures mix isobarically and adiabatically to form a volume of moist air with an intermediate temperature and vapor pressure above the saturation value at that temperature. C. A cloud containing both water drops (supercooled at temperatures below 0?C) and ice crystals, hence a cloud with a composition between that of a water cloud and that of an ice- crystal cloud. D. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,mixed cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/MixedCloud 1_1_9jx1fspl,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'erection decreased'?","A. Decreased frequency of erection considered nonnormative or unhealthy. B. A disability caused postnatally. C. Any sort of erectile behavior or process change considered unhealthy or otherwise nonnormative. D. Increased frequency of erection considered nonnormative or unhealthy.",A,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,erection decreased,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_001933 1_1_fo7nop5a,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'tobacco coated toothpick'?","A. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use in which tobacco is wrapped in a betel leaf. B. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which ground tobacco, humectants, preservatives and flavours are compressed to form sticks. C. A smokeless tobacco containing product that is designed for oral use, in which Burley and bright tobacco or cigar tobacco leaves, liquorice, and sugar are mixed to form a moist product. D. A smokeless tobacco-containing product that is designed for oral use, which is composed of nicotine with flavours like strawberry, peppermint, spearmint, coffee, cinnamon etc and is placed in the mouth like a toothpick.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,tobacco coated toothpick,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001009 1_1_jkkctn84,"In the ontology of Legal, which of the following definitions best describes 'Code_of_Conduct'?","A. The word decree is often used as a derogative term for any authoritarian decision B. Some international agreement that is not binding under international law C. A statute bears one or more norms, all of which are uttered by some legal person. It cannot bear expressions which are uttered by a different kind of agent. D. a code outlining the responsibilities of or best practice for an individual or organisation, such as a set of principles of good corporate behaviour adopted by a business\",D,1_1,legal/lkif_core_ontology,Code_of_Conduct,http://www.estrellaproject.org/lkif-core/norm.owl#Code_of_Conduct 1_1_odq3ogku,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'carbohydrazide'?","A. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. B. A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups. C. A hydrazide consisting of hydrazine carrying one or more carboacyl groups. D. A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. It is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist. Besides its antagonistic properties, numerous studies have shown that, at micromolar concentrations rimonabant behaves as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. The drug was the first selective CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist introduced into clinical practice to treat obesity and metabolic-related disorders. It was later withdrawn from market due to CNS-related adverse effects including depression and suicidal ideation.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,carbohydrazide,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35363 1_1_vlfi3kck,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'phosphatidylethanolamine 35:2'?","A. An optically active form of phosphatidylethanolamine having R-configuration. B. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the two acyl groups contain a total of 35 carbons and 2 double bonds. C. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as oleoyl and palmitoyl respectively. D. A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are specified as stearoyl and linoleoyl respectively.",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,phosphatidylethanolamine 35:2,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_136160 1_1_asj73kde,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Cercospora leaf spot resistance - Estimation'?","A. Observe the host reaction to CLS, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible. B. Observe presence of spots on seed surface coat. C. Observe the host reaction to pod borers, and rate it from immune/resistant to susceptible. D. Pod constriction usually recorded when pod changes colour.",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Cercospora leaf spot resistance - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_346:0000014 1_1_8rd8kcii,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'prostatectomy'?","A. Prostatectomy via an incision made in the perineum. B. The surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland through a lower abdominal (retropubic) incision. C. Removal of prostate tissue following a midline abdominal incision from the umbilicus to the pubic area and a small incision of the lower anterior bladder wall. D. Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate.",D,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,prostatectomy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011126 1_1_f5k95zoz,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'affyImGUI'?","A. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects B. The PLIER (Probe Logarithmic Error Intensity Estimate) method produces an improved signal by accounting for experimentally observed patterns in probe behavior and handling error at the appropriately at low and high signal values. C. Statistical tools and data structures for analytic flow cytometry D. A Graphical User Interface for affy analysis using the limma Microarray package",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,affyImGUI,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000454 1_1_6bbefaqb,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'HskCov - Estimation'?","A. Observe the plant damage caused by stem borer per plot. Note: The first and the last plants are eliminated to avoid border effects. B. Observe the ears hask cover and rate it. C. Standard method for tassel exertion D. Observe dead leaf area per plant/plot and rate.",B,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,HskCov - Estimation,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_322:0000220 1_1_1k4hfrze,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'software publisher organization'?","A. A regulatory agency is a organization that has responsibility over or for the legislation (acts and regulations) for a given sector of the government. B. An organization or legal entity (including single person) that is responsible for publishing software. Publishing here includes tasks such as designing and producing physical products, technical customer support, licensing arrangements and marketing. C. An organization or legal entity (including single person) that is responsible for developing software. Developing includes aspects of design, coding and testing. D. An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,software publisher organization,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000397 1_1_ok7xv5ze,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'seedling'?","A. A whole plant in the gametophytic phase that has a flat growth form and no distinct organs. B. A whole plant that arises through meiosis and is contained in a spore wall. C. A whole plant in the seedling development stage . D. A whole plant in the gametophyte development stage that produces only plant egg cells .",C,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,seedling,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0008037 1_1_jstj0ju5,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'body of liquid'?","A. A liquid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of liquid material. B. An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. C. A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. D. The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,body of liquid,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01001476 1_1_8xo3lu6u,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Proximal aortic arch hypoplasia'?","A. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the distal aortic arch (arch distal to the ductus arteriosus) has a diameter of less than 60% of the diameter of the ascending aorta. B. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the isthmus (arch between the left subclavian and insertion of the patent ductus arteriosus/ligamentum arteriosum) has a diameter of less than 40% of the diameter of the ascending aorta. C. Underdevelopment of the arch of aorta. D. A type of aortic arch hypoplasia whereby the proximal aortic arch (arch proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery) has a diameter of less than 60% of the diameter of the ascending aorta.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Proximal aortic arch hypoplasia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0034228 1_1_5vxr0s5a,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'caudal anterior cingulate cortex'?","A. The combined region of AmmonÕs horn, subicular complex and dentate gyrus; only fields CA1-CA3 of the hippocampus were considered to be part of the HF, field CA4 being included in the hilus of the dentate gyrus[1]. B. A small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract (adapted from Wikipedia). C. A brain region defined by functional criteria, e.g. auditory cortex, rather than by structural or histological criteria. D. Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum whereas the caudal boundary was established as the first appearance of the mammillary bodies. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was the corpus callosum (Christine Fennema-Notestine).",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,caudal anterior cingulate cortex,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0028715 1_1_prgswwht,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'thoracic segment blood vessel'?","A. A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. B. A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. C. A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. D. A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,thoracic segment blood vessel,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003834 1_1_2ysuvccu,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'standing wave'?","A. A seiche is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water. Seiches and seiche-related phenomena have been observed on lakes, reservoirs, bays and seas. The key requirement for formation of a seiche is that the body of water be at least partially bounded, allowing natural phenomena to form a standing wave. B. With regard to atmospheric circulation, a progressive wave in the horizontal pattern of air motion with dimensions of cyclonic scale, as distinguished from a long wave. C. A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. D. Seismic waves are phenomena that travel through the Earth or other elastic body, for example as the result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other process that imparts forces to the body. [Wikipedia]",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,standing wave,http://sweetontology.net/phenWave/StandingWave 1_1_cgxbzu5i,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'buprenorphine'?","A. A morphinane alkaloid found in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum var. album; has analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrhoeal properties. B. An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives. C. A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. D. A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,buprenorphine,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3216 1_1_8ulsuhy5,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Insula'?","A. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. B. Lobe of cerebral hemispheere located in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. C. Segment of cerebral hemisphere demarcated by both bonafide landmarks (sulci and fissures) and fiat boundaries. D. Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe.",B,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Insula,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67329 1_1_fcngn82j,"In the ontology of Extensible Observation, which of the following definitions best describes 'BarToKilopascal'?","A. A unit conversion is a mapping from a source unit to a target unit via a multiplier and an offset value. B. The bar (symbol: bar) is a unit of pressure equal to 100 kilopascals, and roughly equal to the atmospheric pressure on Earth at sea level. C. Conductivity is the reciprocal (inverse) of electrical resistivity, ρ, and has the SI units of siemens per metre (S·m-1). ""siemens"" is used for both singular and plural. D. An observation is an assertion that an entity (e.g., biological organisms, geographic locations, or environmental features, among others) was observed by an observer. An observation primarily serves to group a set of measurements together into a single ""observation event"". Observations are often made within a broader context. The context of an observation is given by other observations, implying that an observed entity (and specifically each corresponding measurement) contextualizes another observed entity (and its corresponding measurements). For example, an observation associated with a location may serve as context for an observation associated with an organism. In this case, the observed characteristic values of the location (such as humidity) are assumed constant for the corresponding measurements of the organism.",B,1_1,earth_environment/extensible_observation_ontology,BarToKilopascal,http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-standards.owl#BarToKilopascal 1_1_cqlhtoj4,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'menthol cigarette'?","A. A cigaratte that is flavoured with the compound menthol. B. A cigarette that is manufactured in a factory. C. A cigarette that has a cigarette filter as a part. D. A cigarette whose parts have been purchased separately and assembled by hand or using a device for single assembly.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,menthol cigarette,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000753 1_1_k9pka4wd,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'bisexual male cohort'?","A. A cohort formed of individual bisexual women. B. A cohort formed of individual bisexual persons. C. A cohort formed of individual bisexual men. D. An academic discipline dedicated to the study of Native Hawaiians.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,bisexual male cohort,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_010500 1_1_ul4en6uo,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'CD4-positive, CD8-intermediate double-positive thymocyte'?","A. A double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte that is small and not proliferating. B. A double-positive thymocyte that is undergoing positive selection, has high expression of the alpha-beta T cell receptor, is CD69-positive, and is in the process of down regulating the CD8 co-receptor. C. A double-positive thymocyte that is CD69-positive and has begun positive selection. D. A thymocyte expressing the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex as well as both the CD4 and CD8 coreceptors.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,"CD4-positive, CD8-intermediate double-positive thymocyte",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002431 1_1_13fbyo5b,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Anterior tibiofibular ligament'?","A. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a flat triangular band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the anterior part of the lateral surface of the distal end of some tibia to the anterior part of the distal end of some fibula. B. Skeletal ligament, each instance of which is a fibrous band that passes diagonally, inferiorly, and laterally from the posterior part of the distal end of some tibia to the adjacent posterior part of the distal end of some fibula. C. Skeletal ligament (organ) that connects the bones and cartilages of the skull. D. Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament.",A,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Anterior tibiofibular ligament,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76852 1_1_nk33m3qi,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'evaporative available potential energy'?","A. Analogous to convective available potential energy, except that it is related to the negative buoyancy associated with evaporative cooling of liquid water within a sinking cloudy air parcel. B. That portion of the total potential energy that may be converted to kinetic energy in an adiabatically enclosed system. C. A cumulus cloud that is no longer dynamically connected with the atmospheric boundary layer via updrafts or downdrafts. D. A principal cloud type (cloud genus), gray colored and often dark, rendered diffuse by more or less continuously falling rain, snow, sleet, etc., of the ordinary varieties and not accompanied by lightning, thunder, or hail.",A,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,evaporative available potential energy,http://sweetontology.net/propEnergy/EvaporativeAvailablePotentialEnergy 1_1_lmdqad87,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes '2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene'?","A. An amino-nitrotoluene that is 4,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 2 by an amino group. B. A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2-amino-6-nitrotoluene bearing an additional acetamido group at position 4. C. An amino-nitrotoluene that is 2,6-dinitrotoluene substituted at position 4 by an amino group. D. A member of the class of amino-nitrotoluenes that is 2,4-diaminotoluene bearing a nitro substituent at position 6.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_19342 1_1_v62syahn,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes '2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADPH + O2 + quinine = 3-hydroxyquinine + H2O + NADP+. B. Catalysis of the reaction: toluene + H+ + NADH + O2 = 2-hydroxytoluene + H2O + NAD+. C. Catalysis of the reaction: zeaxanthin + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 O2 = nostoxanthin + 2 NAD + 2 H2O. D. Catalysis of the reaction: H+ + NADH + O2 + quinolin-2-ol = H2O + NAD+ + quinoline-2,8-diol.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,2-hydroxyquinoline 8-monooxygenase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033766 1_1_uywomlfv,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'beta-fructofuranosidase activity'?","A. Catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing 2,1- and 2,6-linked beta-D-fructofuranose residues in fructans. B. Catalysis of the reaction: sucrose + H2O = alpha-D-glucose + beta-D-fructose. C. Catalysis of the reaction: a fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + H2O = a non fructofuranosylated fructofuranosyl acceptor + a beta-D-fructofuranoside. D. Catalysis of the cleavage of hexosamine or N-acetylhexosamine residues (e.g. N-acetylglucosamine) residues from gangliosides or other glycoside oligosaccharides.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,beta-fructofuranosidase activity,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004564 1_1_4kh6pha6,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'Superseded'?","A. Live is a development status which is applied to software that has been designated as suitable for production environments by the developer/publisher. If a non-free product, software at this stage is available for purchase B. An updated version of the software is available. C. Software has developers actively maintaining it (fixing bugs) D. Development status is an information content entity which indicates the maturity of a software entity within the context of the software life cycle.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,Superseded,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/maturity/SWO_9000069 1_1_wzl6ef6o,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'feeling bad'?","A. An affective process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli. B. A subjective affective feeling that is negatively valenced. C. A subjective affective feeling of being calm, being relaxed, being at peace. D. A subjective affective feeling that involves attraction to an imagined state of affairs.",B,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,feeling bad,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000108 1_1_qljms5rn,"In the ontology of Emotion, which of the following definitions best describes 'speaking at a slower rate'?","A. Speaking behaviour in which a short utterance is produced. B. Speaking with an altered rhythm or melody of speech relative to the norm for that person. C. Speaking with a voice softer than usual. D. Speaking in a manner that is slower than the norm for that person.",D,1_1,human_society/emotion_ontology,speaking at a slower rate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000163 1_1_6z1zwey7,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'acute allergic mucoid otitis media'?","A. A primary autosomal recessive microcephaly that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the ANKLE2 gene on chromosome 12q24. B. A blue drum syndrome caused by an allergen. C. An in situ carcinoma that is located_in the kidney. D. A acute transudative otitis media involving thick, viscid and mucuslike fluid effusion due to which the drum appears blue in color.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,acute allergic mucoid otitis media,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_9735 1_1_cu431cmg,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis'?","A. A process in which a symbiont gene product affects host apoptosis, leading to a change in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. B. A process in which a symbiont initiates, promotes, or enhances the normal execution of host apoptosis, leading to an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. C. A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host apoptosis, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of apoptosis in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. D. A process in which a symbiont inhibits or disrupts the normal execution of host programmed cell death, leading to a decrease in the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.",C,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,symbiont-mediated suppression of host apoptosis,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033668 1_1_psxblakm,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration'?","A. The orderly movement of a smooth muscle cell from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. B. The directed movement of a smooth muscle cell in response to an external stimulus. C. The orderly movement of a vascular associated smooth muscle cell from one site to another. D. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA or circRNA.",C,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1904738 1_1_ttqc3rnd,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'cardial lymph propulsor'?","A. A circulatory organ that is not responsible for primary circulation. B. A lymphatic propulsor that lies tightly against the truncus arteriosus, the major outflow tract of the amphibian heart. C. The 6th pharyngeal arch. contributes to the development of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. D. A circulatory organ that is reponsible for pumping lymph throughout the body.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,cardial lymph propulsor,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0036259 1_1_nxyji827,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'glandular epithelial cell of stomach'?","A. A cell secreting sweat, the fluid excreted by the sweat glands of mammals. It consists of water containing sodium chloride, phosphate, urea, ammonia, and other waste products. B. A(n) neuroendocrine cell that is part of a(n) epithelium of crypt of Lieberkuhn. C. A stomach epithelial cell that is olumnar in form with a few short apical microvilli; relatively undifferentiated mitotic cell from which other types of gland are derived; few in number, situated in the isthmus region of the gland and base of the gastric pit. D. A glandular epithelial cell that is part of the stomach.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,glandular epithelial cell of stomach,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0002659 1_1_ob7nugjh,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete 'CoCiteStats''?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete 'CoCiteStats',http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000120 1_1_fwhdw8it,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'axillary artery'?","A. An epithelial tube or tree of tibes that transports blood away from the heart[modified from AEO definition]. B. One of two arteries (anterior and posterior choroidal artery) that supply blood to the choroid plexus, optic tract, hippocampus, globus pallidus, and other various brain regions. C. An arterial trunk which is continuous with the heart and branches into the pulmonary arteries. D. Artery that supplies the axilla.",D,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,axillary artery,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001394 1_1_15jarphv,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'continuant fiat boundary'?","A. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)pyrocatechol [4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol] and derivatives formed by substitution. B. Hippocampus (proper) plus dentate gyrus and subiculum[definition derived from NIF comments and ontology alignment]. C. A class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxy group of ethanolamine. D. b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,continuant fiat boundary,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000140 1_1_pkiwzitx,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'left forelimb'?","A. An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. B. A forelimb that is on the left side of a pectoral complex. C. A bulbous anterior projection of the olfactory lobe that is the place of termination of the olfactory nerves and is especially well developed in lower vertebrates (as fishes)[BTO]. D. The bone that is situated in the orbit on either side of the presphenoid; it generally forms a part of the sphenoid in the adult, and may be independent in the young.",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,left forelimb,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_8300002 1_1_16ivysnt,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy'?","A. An eye disease that is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss. B. An eye disease where one or both eyeballs are abnormally small. C. An eye disease that is characterized by decreased ability to change the optical power of the eye to maintain a clear image. D. An eye disease characterized by presence in the fundus of progressive bilateral retinal and choroidal atrophy leading to central vision loss that has_material_basis_in heterozygous mutation in TEAD1 on 11p15.3.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,Sveinsson chorioretinal atrophy,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0111228 1_1_shz8o4dj,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'tax preparer'?","A. Plan, direct, or coordinate operations and functionalities of facilities and buildings. May include surrounding grounds or multiple facilities of an organization's campus. B. Prepare tax returns for individuals or small businesses. C. Repair and adjust electrical and mechanical equipment of inboard or inboard-outboard boat engines. D. Under supervision, perform manual labor necessary to develop, maintain, or protect areas such as forests, forested areas, woodlands, wetlands, and rangelands through such activities as raising and transporting seedlings; combating insects, pests, and diseases harmful to plant life; and building structures to control water, erosion, and leaching of soil. Includes forester aides, seedling pullers, tree planters, and gatherers of nontimber forestry products such as pine straw.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,tax preparer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_13208200 1_1_3q5ond76,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type VI atherosclerotic lesion'?","A. Type V lesions are defined as lesions in which prominent new fibrous connective tissue has formed. When the new tissue is part of a lesion with a lipid core (type IV), this type of morphology may be referred to as fibroatheroma or type Va lesion. A type V lesion in which the lipid core and other parts of the lesion are calcified may be referred to as type Vb. A type V lesion in which a lipid core is absent and lipid in general is minimal may be referred to as type Vc. With these lesions, arteries are variously narrowed, generally more than with type IV. Importantly, as with type IV lesions, type V lesions may develop fissures, hematoma, and/or thrombus (type VI lesion), and for this reason too they are clinically relevant. B. Type II atherosclerotic lesions include the fatty streak lesion, the first grossly visible lesion, and are characterized by layers of macrophage foam cells and lipid droplets within intimal smooth muscle cells and minimal coarse-grained particles and heterogeneous droplets of extracellular lipid. C. In type IV atherosclerotic lesions a dense accumulation of extracellular lipid occupies an extensive but well-defined region of the intima. This type of extracellular lipid accumulation is known as the lipid core. A fibrous tissue increase is not a feature, and complications such as defects of the lesion surface and thrombosis are not present. The type IV lesion is also known as atheroma. Type IV is the first lesion considered advanced in this classification because of the severe intimal disorganization caused by the lipid core. The characteristic core appears to develop from an increase and the consequent confluence of the small isolated pools of extracellular lipid that characterize type III lesions. The increase in lipid is believed to result from continued insudation from the plasma. Type IV lesions, when they first appear in younger people, are found in the same locations as adaptive intimal thickenings of the eccentric type. Thus, atheroma is, at least initially, an eccentric lesion. D. Type VI atherosclerotic lesions generally have the underlying morphology of type IV or V lesions, surface disruptions, hematoma, and thrombosis may be (although less often) superimposed on any other type of lesion and even on intima without an apparent lesion. Complicating features may arise because of individual differences in risk factors and tissue reactions. These may include differences in composition of the blood, the relative quantities and distributions in the components of the underlying lesion or intima, as well as modifications of shear and tensile forces to which the lesion or intima is exposed. Clinical imaging of lesions may be expected to contribute greatly to the understanding of type VI lesions and the associated clinical syndromes.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Type VI atherosclerotic lesion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031683 1_1_iah4ugzd,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'biopolymer'?","A. A polymer which is the output of a biological process. B. A polymer which is the output of a manufacturing process. C. A polymer which has been irreversibly hardened by heat-induced curing. D. A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc..",A,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,biopolymer,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_06105122 1_1_c8lbjvj5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'occipital lobe'?","A. The lobe at the anterior part of each cerebral hemisphere, responsible for olfactory functions. B. Posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere (MSH). C. Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. D. Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem.",B,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,occipital lobe,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002021 1_1_xgl7oils,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'OFF-bipolar cell'?","A. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light to dark transition. B. An OFF diffuse bipolar cell that makes synaptic contact with both L/M and S-cone photoreceptors and only minimal contact with rod photoreceptors. C. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with cone photoreceptor cells and neurons in the inner plexiform layer. D. A bipolar neuron found in the retina and having connections with photoreceptors cells and neurons in the inner half of the inner plexiform layer. These cells depolarize in response to light stimulation of their corresponding photoreceptors.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,OFF-bipolar cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000750 1_1_g0foi15t,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'fruit formation stage'?","A. A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 50 to 70% of its final size. B. A fruit development stage that begins with the formation of a plant zygote that is contained in the fruit being studied and ends when that fruit's fruit ripening stage begins. C. A fruit formation stage that spans the interval when a fruit has reached 10% to 30% of its final size. D. A multi-tissue plant structure development stage that has as primary participant a single fruit .",B,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,fruit formation stage,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025501 1_1_a248i2e3,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'ziprasidone'?","A. Antipsychotic drugs are agents that control agitated psychotic behaviour, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. B. A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. C. A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms. D. A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.",C,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,ziprasidone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10119 1_1_krmccp0x,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Mortality rate'?","A. Measure the girth or circumference of the stem at 1.5m above the ground level using a measuring tape (tape strapped around the stem). B. Use GPS or google map, record longitude in decimal format C. Measure from the ground level to the base of the oldest living frond. D. Count productive palms at the end of the observation period, divide by the number of palms planted and multiply by 100",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Mortality rate,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_326:0000386 1_1_jjppccn3,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'bounding membrane of organelle'?","A. The lipid bilayer that forms the outer-most layer of an organelle. B. The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell. C. A membrane that is one of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope or the outermost membrane of single membrane bound organelle. D. The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,bounding membrane of organelle,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098588 1_1_r1pevq1t,"In the ontology of Business Process Model and Notation, which of the following definitions best describes 'Input Set'?","A. artifact_output, which is used in the definition of attributes for all graphical elements. B. Event Based Exclusive Gateway C. Text Annotations are a mechanism for a modeler to (attached with an provide additional information for the reader of a Association) BPMN Diagram. D. InputSet, which is used in the definition of common attributes for Activities and for attributes of a Process, and which extends the set of common BPMN Element attributes (see Table B.2).",D,1_1,business_finance/bpmn,Input Set,http://dkm.fbk.eu/index.php/BPMN_Ontology#input_set 1_1_uprk0xh4,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'hernia'?","A. a necrotic object B. is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.[1] Hernias come in a number of different types.[6] Most commonly they involve the abdomen, specifically the groin.[6] Groin hernias are most common of the inguinal type but may also be femoral.[1] Other hernias include hiatus, incisional, and umbilical hernias.[6] Symptoms are present in about 66% of people with groin hernias.[1] This may include pain or discomfort especially with coughing, exercise, or going to the bathroom.[1] Often it gets worse throughout the day and improves when lying down.[1] A bulging area may occur that becomes larger when bearing down.[1] Groin hernias occur more often on the right than left side.[1] The main concern is strangulation, where the blood supply to part of the bowel is blocked.[1] This usually produces severe pain and tenderness of the area.[1] Hiatus or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain with eating.[ C. Pseudocysts are like cysts, but lack epithelial or endothelial cells. Initial management consists of general supportive care. Symptoms and complications caused by pseudocysts require surgery. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used for initial imaging of cysts, and endoscopic ultrasounds are used in differentiating between cysts and pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage is a popular and effective method of treating pseudocysts. This is not to be confused with the so-called ""pseudocystic appearance"", mainly radiographically, of other lesions, such as Stafne static bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst[1] of the jaws. D. is a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is (usually abnormally) closed or absent. Examples of atresia include: Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,hernia,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000084 1_1_cnuh4ay0,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Leaf teeth'?","A. Determination on the leaf teeth B. Achene length average C. Plant height D. Specific leaf area (sla)",A,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Leaf teeth,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_359:0000031 1_1_97l6apex,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'difference'?","A. The state of being unequal; difference. B. The quality of being unlike or dissimilar. C. A calculation that combines two elements (called operands) to produce another element. More formally, a binary operation is an operation of arity two. D. A measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean.",B,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,difference,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_000553 1_1_b0g3ptax,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 9'?","A. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the PHI gene (GPI) on chromosome 19q13. B. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in hemizygous or heterozygous mutation in the GATA1 gene on chromosome Xp11. C. An amino acid metabolic disorder and a congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia that is characterized by decreased levels of cellular glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine and hemolytic anemia that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GCLC gene on chromosome 6p12.1. D. A congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia a mild form of glutathione synthetase deficiency characterized by hemolytic anemia and deficiency in GSH that is limited to the red blood cells, with nucleated cells able to maintain normal or near normal expression levels that has_material_basis_in homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in GSS on chromosome 20q11.22.",B,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia 9,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0051008 1_1_dwfcg22v,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'hexadecyl benzoate'?","A. A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of benzoic acid with the hydroxy group of hexadecan-1-ol. B. A lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from the roots of Euphorbia micractina. C. A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of vanillic acid. D. A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 5-(8-hydroxyundecyl)benzene-1,3-diol with 4,6-dihydroxy benzoic acid which is also substituted by a undec-7-en-1-yl group at position 6. It is isolated from Cytonaema sp. and has anti-HIV-1 activity.",A,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,hexadecyl benzoate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145972 1_1_gxq4nb41,"In the ontology of Semantic Sensor Network, which of the following definitions best describes 'Input'?","A. Any information that is reported from a Procedure. B. System is a unit of abstraction for pieces of infrastructure that implements Procedures. A System may have components, its subsystems, which are other systems. C. Any information that is provided to a Procedure for its use. D. Describes the Deployment of one or more Systems for a particular purpose. Deployment may be done on a Platform.",C,1_1,earth_environment/semantic_sensor_network_ontology,Input,http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/Input 1_1_9blnbvwg,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete Absolute Expression Analysis'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",A,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete Absolute Expression Analysis,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000019 1_1_bl8cql0q,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'N,N-dihydroxydihomomethioninate'?","A. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any N,N-dihydroxy-L-polyhomomethionine; major species at pH 7.3. B. Conjugate base of N,N-dihydroxyhexahomomethionine. C. An N,N-dihydroxy-alpha-amino-acid anion resulting from removal of a proton from the carboxylic acid group of N,N-dihydroxy-L-isoleucine. D. Conjugate base of N,N-dihydroxydihomomethionine.",D,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,"N,N-dihydroxydihomomethioninate",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58846 1_1_ytbc2ck6,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'morphinane-like compound'?","A. Cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. B. Any of a class of heterocyclic amines having a saturated five-membered ring. C. Any organonitrogen compound containing a cyclic component with nitrogen and at least one other element as ring member atoms. D. Any organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a morphinan skeleton. These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds that resemble the morphinane (opioid) alkaloids in their pharmacological effects.",D,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,morphinane-like compound,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83818 1_1_yq8ihd1k,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'diaphysis of metacarpal bone'?","A. A diaphysis that is part of a metacarpal bone. B. The femur neck or neck of the femur is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward. C. Layer of the glomerular basement membrane adjacent to the podocytes and capsular space. D. A renal pelvis that is part of a left ureter.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,diaphysis of metacarpal bone,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0013752 1_1_2jy6yhcu,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'lesbian, gay and bisexual studies'?","A. The study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoria, asexual, queer, questioning, intersex people and cultures. B. the study of issues relating to sexual orientation, sexual fetishes, kink, and other aspects of sexuality and sexual diversity. C. An umbrella term for analyzing lesbian, gay, and bisexual experiences. Sometimes used to distance the lesbian, gay, and bisexual communities from the transgender community via its exclusion. D. An interdisciplinary field of study analyzing the cultural, historical, and interpersonal impact of the asexual experience on society.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,"lesbian, gay and bisexual studies",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_002384 1_1_tro6fkll,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'type II interferon binding'?","A. Binding to type II interferon, also known as interferon-gamma. B. Binding to a type III interferon. Interferon lambda is the only member of the type III interferon found so far. C. Binding to a type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, epsilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. D. Binding to an interferon, a protein produced by the immune systems of many animals in response to a challenge by a foreign agent.",A,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,type II interferon binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019964 1_1_6d4x48gp,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'landform'?","A. Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. [Wikipedia] B. A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. C. Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare ground, water, etc. [Wikipedia] D. A beach, or strand, is a geological landform consisting of loose rock particles - such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble - or even shell fragments, along the shoreline of a body of water. Beaches occur along coastal areas, where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments, or at the margin of land along a lake or river subject to erosion caused by rainfall. Beaches are not necessarily found in conjunction with salt water, such as the ocean, in all instances. A seashore beach is merely one type of beach but it is the most commonly associated with the perception of the word beach.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,landform,http://sweetontology.net/realmLandform/Landform 1_1_yru1lwdo,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'formaldehyde metabolic process'?","A. The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis. B. The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone body. C. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde. D. The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.",D,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,formaldehyde metabolic process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046292 1_1_v52df33k,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'branch node'?","A. A cardinal organ part of a shoot axis where a bud may form and develop into a branch , leaf , flower , inflorescence or nodal root . B. A shoot axis node that is part of a stem . C. A shoot axis node that is part of an inflorescence axis . D. A shoot axis node that is part of a branch .",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,branch node,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0025024 1_1_414diwpf,"In the ontology of Plant, which of the following definitions best describes 'plant ovule outer integument'?","A. A portion of protoderm tissue that is the outermost layer of the shoot apical meristem , and gives rise to the leaf abaxial epidermis . B. A plant ovule integument which is the innermost of the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex. C. A portion of plant tissue that covers a plant ovule , enveloping a nucellus and forming a micropyle at the apex. D. A plant ovule integument which is the outermost the two layers of tissue that usually cover the plant ovule , contiguous to the nucellus and usually contributing to the formation of the plant ovule micropyle at the apex.",D,1_1,food_agriculture/plant_ontology,plant ovule outer integument,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO_0020023 1_1_igsu76jr,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'mixed disorder of acid-base balance'?","A. an elevated uric acid level in the blood without symptoms of inflammatory arthritis and tophaceous disease B. The coexistences of 2 or more primary acid-base disorders in the same patient C. diabetes is usually an inherited disease that makes people obese and have problems with daily life D. Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in body.",B,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,mixed disorder of acid-base balance,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000478 1_1_j1i6w80p,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'Personality changes'?","A. a partial absence or patchy, incomplete area of a myelin sheath over all or part of an axon or fiber tract due to degeneration or destruction of the myelin sheath B. An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write. C. A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements. D. An abnormal shift in patterns of thinking, acting, or feeling.",D,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,Personality changes,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000751 1_1_n1h6i98s,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'signaling receptor binding'?","A. Binding to a cytokine, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity. B. Binding to one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. C. Binding to insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. D. Binding to a protein component of a cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).",B,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,signaling receptor binding,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005102 1_1_rqtvzvmk,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Deep facial vein'?","A. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains blood from some tonsils and soft palate. B. Tributary of fecial vein, each instance of which that follows some submental artery and drains some submandibular and sublingual glands, mylohyoid muscle, and skin in the submental area. C. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which is a short vein between some eye and root of some nose, formed by union of some supratrochlear and supraorbital veins and continues inferiorly as some facial vein. D. Tributary of facial vein, each instance of which drains some pterygoid plexus.",D,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Deep facial vein,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50916 1_1_gpon8cxy,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'Evocative'?","A. The themes or elements within the game refer to brands or elements of social life, with the effect of triggering knowledge in the player starting from outside the title itself B. Classic single track storytelling C. Player's options and/or choices have a concrete impact on the structure or the way the plot progresses D. Macroclass describing the storytelling tecnique and the narrative elements in a videogame, semiotically seen ad a text.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videowl,Evocative,http://www.semanticweb.org/porta/ontologies/2022/5/untitled-ontology-7#Evocative 1_1_7czlv5sl,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Bunch shape'?","A. Behaviour of male rachis - truncated or present. Truncated means there is no bract scar below the last hand. Present means there is a degenerated or persistent male bud B. Behaviour of the petiole margins - winged or not winged. the petiole and pseudostem meet at shooting. Margin is the part of the petiole that can be bent outwards/inwards C. Shape of the first external unlifted bract of the male bud D. Shape of the fully developed bunch on a plant",D,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Bunch shape,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_325:0000440 1_1_8gw8kero,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'e-cigarette use'?","A. Inhaling consumption that involves the use of an electronic vaping device. B. A consumption behaviour that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth. C. Inhaling consumption that involves using an e-cigarette. D. Inhaling consumption that involves using a device to consume an aerosol.",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,e-cigarette use,http://humanbehaviourchange.org/ontology/BCIO_050377 1_1_cxcnlllu,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'lateral gland of orbital region'?","A. A gland that is typically found in or near the orbital region, in or around either the medial or lateral canthi, and is typically associated with secretions onto the eyeball or associated ducts. Includes the Harderian, nictitans and lacrimal glands. B. The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, located in or near the orbital region, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.[WP]. C. A skin gland that is part of a camera-type eye [Automatically generated definition]. D. A gland that is located in or around the ocular region, nearer the outer canthi.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,lateral gland of orbital region,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015154 1_1_zcgdcx3k,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'aspect'?","A. An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. B. An occurrent consisting exactly of a plurality of processes that are process_aggregate_member_parts_of that occurrent for all times at which it exists. C. A fiat part of a complex phenomenon that has salience in a particular context. D. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])",C,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,aspect,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0000359 1_1_7faw05it,"In the ontology of Foundational Model of Anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'Space of tenth intercostal compartment'?","A. Intercostal compartment space between sixth and seventh ribs. B. Intercostal compartment space between first and second ribs. C. Intercostal compartment space between tenth and elventh ribs. D. Intercostal compartment space between eighth and ninth ribs.",C,1_1,health_medicine/foundational_model_of_anatomy_ontology,Space of tenth intercostal compartment,http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma321213 1_1_wgoibu4g,"In the ontology of Cell, which of the following definitions best describes 'tumor necrosis factor production'?","A. The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Tumor necrosis factor is an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis. B. A nerve that is part of a leg [Automatically generated definition]. C. The appearance of any member of the TNF superfamily due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. D. The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.",A,1_1,sciences/cell_ontology,tumor necrosis factor production,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032640 1_1_w74wnwx0,"In the ontology of Addiction, which of the following definitions best describes 'two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design'?","A. A randomised controlled trial design with two study arms to which participants can be allocated. B. A randomised controlled trial design that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention under conditions similar to those that would obtain were the intervention to be delivered in routine practice. C. An interventional study design in which participants are randomly allocated to receive one of two or more interventions or no intervention using a study randomisation process. D. A randomised controlled trial design in which pre-existing groups of participants are randomly allocated to intervention arms.",A,1_1,health_medicine/addiction_ontology,two-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design,http://addictovocab.org/ADDICTO_0001270 1_1_0csk7o3u,"In the ontology of Gene, which of the following definitions best describes 'positive regulation of vascular wound healing'?","A. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. B. Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature. C. Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation. D. Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to damaged vasculature.",B,1_1,sciences/gene_ontology,positive regulation of vascular wound healing,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035470 1_1_47esv8iq,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'obsolete QuantArray version 2'?","A. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. B. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. C. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information. D. AL 1.10.2019: Improperly formatted IRI replaced with correct one. Please see https://github.com/allysonlister/swo/issues/10 for more information.",B,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,obsolete QuantArray version 2,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/swo/SWO_0000331 1_1_4ehvjjtp,"In the ontology of Crop, which of the following definitions best describes 'Ligule margin shape determination'?","A. Estimate the orientation of primary branches on representative panicles by comparing them with a diagram of the categories or with photographs of the reference variety for each category B. Estimate the stunting and discoloration C. Visually compare the shape of ligules with a diagram or photographs representing the standard shape classes for wild rice D. Estimate the proportion of panicles that are damaged by birds",C,1_1,food_agriculture/crop_ontology,Ligule margin shape determination,https://cropontology.org/rdf/CO_320:0000776 1_1_j2ejl68n,"In the ontology of Video Game, which of the following definitions best describes 'special play style'?","A. SpecialPlayStyle achievement is awarded to players after playing a game in special fashion. Often this is something harder than the regular play and requires more player experience to excel in it. An example of SpecialPlayStyle could be to complete a game without any violence or against a timer. B. Loyalty achievement is used to give recognition to loyal players. For example, this could be an achievement received after subscribing to the game for a year. C. Collection type of achievement is typically rewarded from collecting an amount of certain items in a game. An example of Collection would be obtaining a full set of christmas clothes for a character to wear or collecting every possible flower in the game. D. Minigame achievement describes success in mini-games that have been included in a certain game but are not vital for completing the game. An example could be to complete all the Pizza deliveries in GTA minigame or gaining over 100 dollars while playing poker in Red Dead Redemption.",A,1_1,arts_media_entertainment/videogameontology,special play style,http://purl.org/net/VideoGameOntology#SpecialPlayStyle 1_1_0idljfv9,"In the ontology of Alzheimer's Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'glial cell'?","A. A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. B. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from 'star' cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with 'end feet' which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and 'reactive astrocytes' (along with microglia) respond to injury. C. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. D. A central nervous system macrophage found in the parenchyma of the central nervous system. Marker include CD11b-positive, F4/80-positive, and CD68-positive.",A,1_1,health_medicine/alzheimer_disease_ontology,glial cell,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000125 1_1_muw9zoe1,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'panp'?","A. Set of functions and class definitions to be able to read and write GeneSpring specific data objects and covert them to BioConductor objects B. Some basic functions for plotting genetic data C. Bioconductor package concerned with analysis of cell-based RNA interference screens D. A function to make gene presence/absence calls based on distance from negative strand matching probesets (NSMP) which are derived from Affymetrix annotation. PANP is applied after gene expression values are created, and therefore can be used after any preprocessing method such as MAS5 or GCRMA, or PM-only methods like RMA. NSMP sets have been established for the HGU133A and HGU133-Plus-2.0 chipsets to date.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,panp,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/SWO_0000646 1_1_udz7s6av,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'funnel cloud'?","A. Any cloudform associated with the foehn, usually referring to standing clouds of two types, orographic clouds and mountain wave clouds. Orographic clouds may include crest clouds and the foehn wall. Wave clouds may consist of lenticular (including altocumulus standing lenticular, or ACSL) clouds, lee-wave clouds and cloud bands, and rotors. See also Bishop wave, chinook arch, contessa di vento, Moazagotl. B. A cloud that forms in the rising branches of mountain waves and occupies the crests of the waves. The most distinctive are the sharp-edged, lens-, or almond-shaped lenticular clouds, but a variety of stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus forms appear in both the main, vertically propagating waves and in the lee waves. See mountain wave, foehn cloud. C. A condensation cloud, typically funnel-shaped and extending outward from a cumuliform cloud, associated with a rotating column of air (a vortex) that may or may not be in contact with the ground. If the rotation is violent and in contact with the ground, the vortex is a tornado. Funnel clouds can occur through a variety of processes in association with convection. For example, small funnel clouds are infrequently seen extending from small, dissipating cumulus clouds in environments with significant vertical wind shear in the cloud-bearing layer. D. (Rarely called luminous clouds.) Thin silvery-blue cirrus-like clouds frequently seen during summer twilight conditions at high latitudes (above 50?) in both hemispheres. They are the highest visible clouds in the atmosphere, occurring in the upper mesosphere at heights of about 85 km, and are closely related to the polar mesospheric clouds seen in satellite observations at similar altitudes over the summer polar cap. Noctilucent clouds are now known to consist of tiny ice particles with dimensions of the order of tens of nanometers, growing in the extreme cold of the summer polar mesopause region. The condensation nuclei on which the particles grow are thought to be either smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin or large hydrated positive ions. Strong upwelling of air from below, associated with a pole-to-pole meridional circulation in the upper mesosphere, is responsible for both the extreme cold and the upward flux of water vapor. Although water-vapor mixing ratios are very low (less than 10 parts per million by volume) in the region, the temperatures are also low enough to produce a high degree of supersaturation at times. Anomalously strong radar echoes from the region, known as polar summer mesospheric echoes, are also associated with the clouds. Compare nacreous clouds, polar stratospheric clouds.",C,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,funnel cloud,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoCloud/FunnelCloud 1_1_76ix0ygf,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'junge aerosol layer'?","A. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. It is often turbulent and is capped by a statically stable layer of air or temperature inversion. B. A maximum in large-particle concentrations observed in the lower stratosphere between 15 and 25 km. C. The bottom layer of the troposphere that is in contact with the surface of the earth. D. The elevation band on a mountain or orographic barrier that receives the greatest precipitation for a seasonal or annual average.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,junge aerosol layer,http://sweetontology.net/realmAtmo/JungeAerosolLayer 1_1_lfu3bauo,"In the ontology of General Medical Science, which of the following definitions best describes 'allergic disease process'?","A. A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. B. The process in which an allergic disease unfolds. C. A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. D. TODO: Define.",B,1_1,health_medicine/general_medical_science_ontology,allergic disease process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000130 1_1_nsjzp8p5,"In the ontology of Uber-anatomy, which of the following definitions best describes 'bronchus fibroblast of lung'?","A. Either of a pair of large transverse venous sinuses that conduct blood from the cardinal veins to the sinus venosus of the vertebrate embryo[BTO]. B. A fibroblast that is part of lung. C. A perichondrial fibroblast that is part of the lung. D. Any fibroblast of lung that is part of a bronchus.",D,1_1,sciences/uber-anatomy_ontology,bronchus fibroblast of lung,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_2000093 1_1_fucgino5,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma'?","A. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is composed of undifferentiated cells. B. A thyroid gland carcinoma composed of groups of carcinoma cells with thymic epithelial differentiation. C. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by a lobulated architectural pattern and the presence of a biphasic cellular population composed of spindle epithelial cells and glandular cells. D. A thyroid gland carcinoma that is characterized by the presence of clusters of malignant epithelial cells associated with abundant extracellular mucin deposition.",D,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,thyroid gland mucinous carcinoma,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0081460 1_1_di3tqzgm,"In the ontology of International Classification of Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'encounter for general adult medical examination'?","A. other problems related to health care B. other specified health condition/status not coded for C. Encounter for general adult medical examination D. Persons encountering health services for examinations, Genetic carrier and genetic susceptibility to disease, Resistance to antimicrobial drugs, etc",C,1_1,health_medicine/international_classification_of_disease_ontology,encounter for general adult medical examination,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ICDO_0000369 1_1_p9nroh6r,"In the ontology of Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation, which of the following definitions best describes 'police shooting'?","A. A mass murder in which victims were primarily shot. B. Violence committed with the use of a gun (firearm or small arm). Gun-related violence may or may not be considered criminal. Criminal violence includes homicide (except when and where ruled justifiable), assault with a deadly weapon, and suicide, or attempted suicide, depending on jurisdiction. Non-criminal violence includes accidental or unintentional injury and death (except perhaps in cases of criminal negligence). Also generally included in gun violence statistics are military or para-military activities. C. A shooting of an individual by a member of a police force. D. An attack at an educational institution, such as a primary school, secondary school, or university, involving the use of firearms. Many school shootings are also categorized as mass shootings due to multiple casualities.",C,1_1,sciences/gsso_ontology,police shooting,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GSSO_011457 1_1_wqcz5s9c,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'hydrogen production process'?","A. A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. B. A chemical engineering process that produces ammonia en masse via artificial nitrogen fixation. C. A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. D. A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities.",C,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,hydrogen production process,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_02000149 1_1_77v6cv9q,"In the ontology of Occupation, which of the following definitions best describes 'textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender'?","A. Operate underground loading or moving machine to load or move coal, ore, or rock using shuttle or mine car or conveyors. Equipment may include power shovels, hoisting engines equipped with cable-drawn scraper or scoop, or machines equipped with gathering arms and conveyor. B. Set up, operate, or tend machines that knit, loop, weave, or draw in textiles. C. Prepare and cook to order a variety of foods that require only a short preparation time. May take orders from customers and serve patrons at counters or tables. D. Drive switching or other locomotive or dinkey engines within railroad yard, industrial plant, quarry, construction project, or similar location.",B,1_1,business_finance/occupation_ontology,"textile knitting or weaving machine setter, operator, or tender",http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OCCO_51606300 1_1_rvme1orl,"In the ontology of Human Phenotype, which of the following definitions best describes 'Type IV atherosclerotic lesion'?","A. In type IV atherosclerotic lesions a dense accumulation of extracellular lipid occupies an extensive but well-defined region of the intima. This type of extracellular lipid accumulation is known as the lipid core. A fibrous tissue increase is not a feature, and complications such as defects of the lesion surface and thrombosis are not present. The type IV lesion is also known as atheroma. Type IV is the first lesion considered advanced in this classification because of the severe intimal disorganization caused by the lipid core. The characteristic core appears to develop from an increase and the consequent confluence of the small isolated pools of extracellular lipid that characterize type III lesions. The increase in lipid is believed to result from continued insudation from the plasma. Type IV lesions, when they first appear in younger people, are found in the same locations as adaptive intimal thickenings of the eccentric type. Thus, atheroma is, at least initially, an eccentric lesion. B. Type V lesions are defined as lesions in which prominent new fibrous connective tissue has formed. When the new tissue is part of a lesion with a lipid core (type IV), this type of morphology may be referred to as fibroatheroma or type Va lesion. A type V lesion in which the lipid core and other parts of the lesion are calcified may be referred to as type Vb. A type V lesion in which a lipid core is absent and lipid in general is minimal may be referred to as type Vc. With these lesions, arteries are variously narrowed, generally more than with type IV. Importantly, as with type IV lesions, type V lesions may develop fissures, hematoma, and/or thrombus (type VI lesion), and for this reason too they are clinically relevant. C. Type VI atherosclerotic lesions generally have the underlying morphology of type IV or V lesions, surface disruptions, hematoma, and thrombosis may be (although less often) superimposed on any other type of lesion and even on intima without an apparent lesion. Complicating features may arise because of individual differences in risk factors and tissue reactions. These may include differences in composition of the blood, the relative quantities and distributions in the components of the underlying lesion or intima, as well as modifications of shear and tensile forces to which the lesion or intima is exposed. Clinical imaging of lesions may be expected to contribute greatly to the understanding of type VI lesions and the associated clinical syndromes. D. Type I lesions represent the very initial changes and are recognized as an increase in the number of intimal macrophages and the appearance of macrophages filled with lipid droplets (foam cells).",A,1_1,health_medicine/human_phenotype_ontology,Type IV atherosclerotic lesion,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002635 1_1_7vo5mmt5,"In the ontology of Software, which of the following definitions best describes 'CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US'?","A. CC BY-ND 3.0 is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. This license is generally used for documentation. B. CC BY 2.0 is a non-copyleft free (free by the definition of the GNU Project) license which lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of Creative Commons licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. The GNU Project recommend it for art, entertainment works, and educational works. It is compatible with all versions of the GNU GPL; however, like all CC licenses, it should not be used on software. C. CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CH is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on distributing modified versions and on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and use the work for non-commercial purposes. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. D. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US is a nonfree license, as there are restrictions on charging money for copies. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license also lets others build upon the original work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. The GNU Project does not recommend that you use this license for documentation. In addition, it has a drawback for any sort of work: when a modified version has many authors, in practice getting permission for commercial use from all of them would become infeasible.",D,1_1,sciences/software_ontology,CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US,http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swo/license/SWO_1000088 1_1_1kapb6nj,"In the ontology of Environment, which of the following definitions best describes 'building envelope'?","A. A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. B. A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. C. A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. D. An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry.",B,1_1,earth_environment/environment_ontology,building envelope,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000470 1_1_f7j12i8a,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'valley wind'?","A. The relatively cool pool of air that results when a thunderstorm downdraft reaches the earth's surface and spreads horizontally as a density current. B. A wind that ascends a mountain valley (upvalley wind) during the day; the daytime component of a mountain?valley wind system. C. Italian name for a southwest wind; used especially in northern Corsica for the west or southwest wind that blows throughout the year, and especially in winter when it is often stormy. On windward slopes it brings rain, with thunderstorms in summer and autumn. After crossing the mountains it is warm and dry, but may be very turbulent. D. Northwest wind on Lake Maggiore, Italy.",B,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,valley wind,http://sweetontology.net/phenAtmoWindMesoscale/ValleyWind 1_1_tvtx1q5o,"In the ontology of Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology, which of the following definitions best describes 'river'?","A. A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Streams are important as conduits in the water cycle, instruments in aquifer recharge, and corridors for fish and wildlife migration. The biological habitat in the immediate vicinity of a stream is called a riparian zone. Given the status of the ongoing Holocene extinction event, streams play an important corridor role in connecting fragmented habitats and thus in conserving biodiversity. Stream is also an umbrella term used in the scientific community for all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. The study of streams and waterways in general is known as surface hydrology and is a core element of environmental geography B. A lagoon is a body of comparatively shallow salt or brackish water separated from the deeper sea by a shallow or exposed sandbank, coral reef, or similar feature. Thus, the enclosed body of water behind a barrier reef or barrier islands or enclosed by an atoll reef is called a lagoon. Lagoon refers to both coastal lagoons formed by the build-up of sandbanks or reefs along shallow coastal waters, and the lagoons in atolls, formed by the growth of coral reefs on slowly sinking central islands. Lagoons that are fed by freshwater streams are also called estuaries C. In physical geography, a wetland is an environment at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic systems making them inherently different from each other yet highly dependent on both. In essence, wetlands are ecotones. Wetlands often host considerable biodiversity and endemism. The US Army Corps of Engineers and the US Environmental Protection Agency jointly define wetlands as: Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. D. A river is a natural waterway that transits water through a landscape from higher to lower elevations called divides. The divide determines which way a river will flow. It is an integral component of the water cycle. The water within a river is generally collected from precipitation through surface runoff, groundwater recharge (as seen at baseflow conditions / during periods of lack of precipitation) and release of stored water in natural reservoirs, such as a glacier",D,1_1,earth_environment/sweet,river,http://sweetontology.net/realmHydroBody/River 1_1_shup37jd,"In the ontology of Human Disease, which of the following definitions best describes 'intracranial berry aneurysm'?","A. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 19q13. B. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 11q24-q25. C. An intracranial aneurysm with a characteristic rounded shape; the most common form of cerebral aneurysm. D. An intracranial berry aneurysm that is characterized by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, an outpouching or sac-like widening of a cerebral artery, leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, a sudden-onset disease that can lead to severe disability and death and has been mapped to chromosome 2q33.1.",C,1_1,health_medicine/human_disease_ontology,intracranial berry aneurysm,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_0060228 1_1_smw1wbka,"In the ontology of Chemical Entities of Biological Interest, which of the following definitions best describes 'glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate'?","A. A sesterterpene. B. Any glycerophosphoinositol bearing one phospho substituent on the inositol ring. C. Conjugate base of ascr#28 D. (E)-1-[(1S)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-YL)benzylidene]piperidin-2-one",B,1_1,sciences/chemical_entities_of_biological_interest_ontology,glycerophosphoinositol monophosphate,http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83188