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Aaron Ogden and other competitors tried to forestall the monopoly, but Livingston and Fulton largely succeeded in selling franchise or buying competitors\u2019 boats. Thomas Gibbons -- a steamboat owner who did business between New York and New Jersey under a federal coastal license \u2013 formed a partnership with Ogden, which fell apart after three years when Gibbons operated another steamboat on a New York route belonging to Ogden. Ogden filed suit against Gibbons in New York state court, and received a permanent injunction. The New York state court rejected Gibbons\u2019 argument asserting that U.S. Congress controlled interstate commerce.\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Commerce Clause give Congress authority over interstate navigation?\u00a0\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EJustice Marshall concluded that regulation of navigation by steamboat operators and others for purposes of conducting interstate commerce was a power reserved to and exercised by the Congress under the Commerce Clause. 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