| {"ID":62391,"name":"United States v. E. C. Knight Company","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1850-1900\/156us1","view_count":0,"docket_number":"675","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"United States","second_party":"E. C. Knight Company","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-2372695764],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52941"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-2365006164],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/52942"}],"lower_court":{"ID":8,"name":"United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/taxonomy\/term\/8"},"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890 as a response to the public concern in the growth of giant corporations controlling transportation, industry, and commerce. The Act aimed to stop the concentration of wealth and economic power in the hands of the few. It outlawed \u0022every contract, combination...or conspiracy, in restraint of trade\u0022 or interstate commerce, and it declared every attempt to monopolize any part of trade or commerce to be illegal. The E.C. Knight Company was such a combination controlling over 98 percent of the sugar-refining business in the United States.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDid Congress exceed its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it enacted the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Act was constitutional but it did not apply to manufacturing. Manufacturing was not commerce, declared Fuller for the majority; the law did not reach the admitted monopolization of manufacturing (in this case, refining sugar). Although American Sugar had monopolized manufacturing, the Court found no violation of the Sherman Act because the acquisition of the Philadelphia refineries involved intrastate commerce. The trust did not lead to control of interstate commerce and so \u0022affects it only incidentally and indirectly.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":34795,"name":"Laurence Maxwell, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/laurence_maxwell_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Maxwell,","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"laurence_maxwell_jr"},"advocate_description":"for the appellants","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21264"},{"advocate":{"ID":41901,"name":"Samuel Field Phillips","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/samuel_f_phillips","view_count":0,"last_name":"Phillips","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"samuel_f_phillips"},"advocate_description":"fort the appellants","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21265"},{"advocate":{"ID":31167,"name":"John G. Johnson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_g_johnson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Johnson","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"john_g_johnson"},"advocate_description":"for the appellees","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21266"}],"oral_argument_audio":null,"citation":{"volume":"156","page":"1","year":"1895","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/27193"},"decisions":[{"description":"The Sherman Anti-Trust Act did not apply to manufacturing because the manufacturing of refined sugar was confined within a single state","votes":[{"member":{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"majority","joining":null,"seniority":1,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205761"},{"member":{"ID":15122,"name":"Stephen J. Field","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/stephen_j_field","view_count":0,"last_name":"Field","roles":[{"id":2767,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-3364567764,"date_end":-2274718164,"appointing_president":"Abraham Lincoln","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2767"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32767,"mime":"image\/png","size":54586,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/stephen_j_field\/stephen_j_field.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12614,"identifier":"stephen_j_field"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":2,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205762"},{"member":{"ID":15080,"name":"Horace Gray","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/horace_gray","view_count":0,"last_name":"Gray","roles":[{"id":2724,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2776270164,"date_end":-2123690400,"appointing_president":"Chester A. Arthur","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2724"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32716,"mime":"image\/png","size":50853,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/horace_gray\/horace_gray.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7553,"identifier":"horace_gray"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":4,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205763"},{"member":{"ID":15114,"name":"David J. Brewer","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_j_brewer","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brewer","roles":[{"id":2758,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2524068564,"date_end":-1886004000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2758"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32702,"mime":"image\/png","size":54815,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/david_j_brewer\/david_j_brewer.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7385,"identifier":"david_j_brewer"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":5,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205764"},{"member":{"ID":15079,"name":"Henry B. Brown","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/henry_b_brown","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brown","roles":[{"id":2723,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2492618964,"date_end":-2006964000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2723"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32715,"mime":"image\/png","size":61672,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/henry_b_brown\/henry_b_brown.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5621,"identifier":"henry_b_brown"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":6,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205765"},{"member":{"ID":15047,"name":"George Shiras, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/george_shiras_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Shiras","roles":[{"id":2691,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2436977364,"date_end":-2109780000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2691"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32710,"mime":"image\/png","size":51834,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/george_shiras_jr\/george_shiras_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":3787,"identifier":"george_shiras_jr"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":7,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205766"},{"member":{"ID":15118,"name":"Howell E. Jackson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/howell_e_jackson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Jackson","roles":[{"id":2763,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2424449364,"date_end":-2347812564,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2763"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32718,"mime":"image\/png","size":56799,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/howell_e_jackson\/howell_e_jackson.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":887,"identifier":"howell_e_jackson"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":8,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205767"},{"member":{"ID":15144,"name":"Edward D. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/edward_d_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2791,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2392222164,"date_end":-1863108000,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2791"},{"id":2792,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1863626400,"date_end":-1534359600,"appointing_president":null,"role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2792"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32789,"mime":"image\/png","size":53055,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/edward_d_white\/edward_d_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9935,"identifier":"edward_d_white"},"vote":"majority","opinion_type":"none","joining":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"}],"seniority":9,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205768"},{"member":{"ID":15137,"name":"John M. Harlan","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2783,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2904314964,"date_end":-1837188000,"appointing_president":"Rutherford B. Hayes","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2783"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32727,"mime":"image\/png","size":59106,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan\/john_m_harlan.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12351,"identifier":"john_m_harlan"},"vote":"minority","opinion_type":"dissent","joining":null,"seniority":3,"ideology":0,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/decision_vote\/decision_vote\/205769"}],"majority_vote":8,"minority_vote":1,"winning_party":"E. C Knight Company","decision_type":"majority opinion","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_decision\/case_decision\/16414"}],"first_party_label":"Appellant","second_party_label":"Appellee","heard_by":[{"ID":15167,"name":"Fuller Court (1894-1895)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/fuller11","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"},{"ID":15122,"name":"Stephen J. Field","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/stephen_j_field","view_count":0,"last_name":"Field","roles":[{"id":2767,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-3364567764,"date_end":-2274718164,"appointing_president":"Abraham Lincoln","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2767"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32767,"mime":"image\/png","size":54586,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/stephen_j_field\/stephen_j_field.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12614,"identifier":"stephen_j_field"},{"ID":15137,"name":"John M. Harlan","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2783,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2904314964,"date_end":-1837188000,"appointing_president":"Rutherford B. Hayes","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2783"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32727,"mime":"image\/png","size":59106,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan\/john_m_harlan.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12351,"identifier":"john_m_harlan"},{"ID":15080,"name":"Horace Gray","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/horace_gray","view_count":0,"last_name":"Gray","roles":[{"id":2724,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2776270164,"date_end":-2123690400,"appointing_president":"Chester A. Arthur","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2724"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32716,"mime":"image\/png","size":50853,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/horace_gray\/horace_gray.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7553,"identifier":"horace_gray"},{"ID":15114,"name":"David J. Brewer","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_j_brewer","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brewer","roles":[{"id":2758,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2524068564,"date_end":-1886004000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2758"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32702,"mime":"image\/png","size":54815,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/david_j_brewer\/david_j_brewer.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7385,"identifier":"david_j_brewer"},{"ID":15079,"name":"Henry B. Brown","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/henry_b_brown","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brown","roles":[{"id":2723,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2492618964,"date_end":-2006964000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2723"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32715,"mime":"image\/png","size":61672,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/henry_b_brown\/henry_b_brown.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5621,"identifier":"henry_b_brown"},{"ID":15047,"name":"George Shiras, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/george_shiras_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Shiras","roles":[{"id":2691,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2436977364,"date_end":-2109780000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2691"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32710,"mime":"image\/png","size":51834,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/george_shiras_jr\/george_shiras_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":3787,"identifier":"george_shiras_jr"},{"ID":15118,"name":"Howell E. Jackson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/howell_e_jackson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Jackson","roles":[{"id":2763,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2424449364,"date_end":-2347812564,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2763"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32718,"mime":"image\/png","size":56799,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/howell_e_jackson\/howell_e_jackson.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":887,"identifier":"howell_e_jackson"},{"ID":15144,"name":"Edward D. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/edward_d_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2791,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2392222164,"date_end":-1863108000,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2791"},{"id":2792,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1863626400,"date_end":-1534359600,"appointing_president":null,"role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2792"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32789,"mime":"image\/png","size":53055,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/edward_d_white\/edward_d_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9935,"identifier":"edward_d_white"}],"court_start":-2392222164,"images":[{"id":12240,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":49929,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/fuller11.jpg"}],"identifier":"fuller11"}],"decided_by":{"ID":15167,"name":"Fuller Court (1894-1895)","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/courts\/fuller11","view_count":0,"members":[{"ID":15052,"name":"Melville W. Fuller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/melville_w_fuller","view_count":0,"last_name":"Fuller","roles":[{"id":2696,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2563380564,"date_end":-1877536800,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2696"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32742,"mime":"image\/png","size":63952,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/melville_w_fuller\/melville_w_fuller.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7938,"identifier":"melville_w_fuller"},{"ID":15122,"name":"Stephen J. Field","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/stephen_j_field","view_count":0,"last_name":"Field","roles":[{"id":2767,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-3364567764,"date_end":-2274718164,"appointing_president":"Abraham Lincoln","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2767"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32767,"mime":"image\/png","size":54586,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/stephen_j_field\/stephen_j_field.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12614,"identifier":"stephen_j_field"},{"ID":15137,"name":"John M. Harlan","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/john_m_harlan","view_count":0,"last_name":"Harlan","roles":[{"id":2783,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2904314964,"date_end":-1837188000,"appointing_president":"Rutherford B. Hayes","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2783"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32727,"mime":"image\/png","size":59106,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/john_m_harlan\/john_m_harlan.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":12351,"identifier":"john_m_harlan"},{"ID":15080,"name":"Horace Gray","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/horace_gray","view_count":0,"last_name":"Gray","roles":[{"id":2724,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2776270164,"date_end":-2123690400,"appointing_president":"Chester A. Arthur","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2724"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32716,"mime":"image\/png","size":50853,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/horace_gray\/horace_gray.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7553,"identifier":"horace_gray"},{"ID":15114,"name":"David J. Brewer","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/david_j_brewer","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brewer","roles":[{"id":2758,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2524068564,"date_end":-1886004000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2758"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32702,"mime":"image\/png","size":54815,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/david_j_brewer\/david_j_brewer.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":7385,"identifier":"david_j_brewer"},{"ID":15079,"name":"Henry B. Brown","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/henry_b_brown","view_count":0,"last_name":"Brown","roles":[{"id":2723,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2492618964,"date_end":-2006964000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2723"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32715,"mime":"image\/png","size":61672,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/henry_b_brown\/henry_b_brown.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":5621,"identifier":"henry_b_brown"},{"ID":15047,"name":"George Shiras, Jr.","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/george_shiras_jr","view_count":0,"last_name":"Shiras","roles":[{"id":2691,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2436977364,"date_end":-2109780000,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2691"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32710,"mime":"image\/png","size":51834,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/george_shiras_jr\/george_shiras_jr.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":3787,"identifier":"george_shiras_jr"},{"ID":15118,"name":"Howell E. Jackson","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/howell_e_jackson","view_count":0,"last_name":"Jackson","roles":[{"id":2763,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2424449364,"date_end":-2347812564,"appointing_president":"Benjamin Harrison","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2763"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32718,"mime":"image\/png","size":56799,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/howell_e_jackson\/howell_e_jackson.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":887,"identifier":"howell_e_jackson"},{"ID":15144,"name":"Edward D. White","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/edward_d_white","view_count":0,"last_name":"White","roles":[{"id":2791,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-2392222164,"date_end":-1863108000,"appointing_president":"Grover Cleveland","role_title":"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2791"},{"id":2792,"type":"scotus_justice","date_start":-1863626400,"date_end":-1534359600,"appointing_president":null,"role_title":"Chief Justice of the United States","institution_name":"Supreme Court of the United States","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/preson_role\/scotus_justice\/2792"}],"thumbnail":{"id":32789,"mime":"image\/png","size":53055,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/people\/edward_d_white\/edward_d_white.thumb.png"},"length_of_service":9935,"identifier":"edward_d_white"}],"court_start":-2392222164,"images":[{"id":12240,"mime":"image\/jpeg","size":49929,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/courts\/fuller11.jpg"}],"identifier":"fuller11"},"term":"1850-1900","location":{"latitude":38.891986,"longitude":-77.008104,"name":"United States Congress","street":"Constitution and Delaware Street","city":"Washington ","province":"DC","postal_code":null,"province_name":"District Of Columbia"},"opinion_announcement":null,"description":"A case in which the Court found that the Sherman Anti-Trust Act was constitutional, but can only regulate interstate commerce and not intrastate commerce.","written_opinion":[{"id":16131,"title":"Syllabus","author":null,"type":{"value":"syllabus","label":"Syllabus"},"justia_opinion_id":1916464,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/156\/1\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/16131"},{"id":16132,"title":"View Case","author":null,"type":{"value":"case","label":null},"justia_opinion_id":1916465,"justia_opinion_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/156\/1\/","judge_full_name":null,"judge_last_name":null,"title_overwrite":null,"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_document\/written_opinion\/16132"}],"related_cases":null,"justia_url":"https:\/\/supreme.justia.com\/cases\/federal\/us\/156\/1\/","argument2_url":null} |