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{"ID":62475,"name":"United States v. Miller","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/cases\/1900-1940\/307us174","view_count":0,"docket_number":"696","additional_docket_numbers":null,"manner_of_jurisdiction":"Appeal","first_party":"United States","second_party":"Jack Miller and Frank Layton","timeline":[{"event":"Argued","dates":[-970682400],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53108"},{"event":"Decided","dates":[-966711600],"href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_timeline\/case_timeline\/53109"}],"lower_court":null,"facts_of_the_case":"\u003Cp\u003EAn Arkansas federal district court charged Jack Miller and Frank Layton with violating the National Firearms Act\u00a0 of 1934 (\u0022NFA\u0022) when they transported a sawed-off double-barrel 12-gauge shotgun in interstate commerce. Miller and Layton argued that the NFA violated their Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. The district court agreed and dismissed the case.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","question":"\u003Cp\u003EDoes the Second Amendment protect an individual\u0027s right to keep and bear a sawed-off double-barrel shotgun?\u003C\/p\u003E\n","conclusion":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Supreme Court reversed the district court, holding that the Second Amendment does not guarantee an individual the right to keep and bear a sawed-off double-barrel shotgun. Writing for the unanimous Court, Justice James Clark McReynolds reasoned that because possessing a sawed-off double barrel shotgun does not have a reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well-regulated militia, the Second Amendment does not protect the possession of such an instrument.\u003C\/p\u003E\n","advocates":[{"advocate":{"ID":25192,"name":"Gordon Dean","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/people\/gordon_dean","view_count":0,"last_name":"Dean","roles":null,"thumbnail":null,"length_of_service":0,"identifier":"gordon_dean"},"advocate_description":"for the appellant","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_advocate\/case_advocate\/21267"}],"oral_argument_audio":null,"citation":{"volume":"307","page":"174","year":"1939","href":"https:\/\/api.oyez.org\/case_citation\/case_citation\/27277"},"decisions":[{"description":"The purpose of the Second Amendment was to maintain effective state militias; Congress could require registration of a 12-gauge sawed-off shotgun if carried across state lines","votes":[{"member":{"ID":15066,"name":"James C. 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