parent,child SQL,Clauses Relational model,Relational schema Relational model,Keys Relational model,Relational algebra Keys,Superkey Keys,Candidate key Keys,Primary key Keys,Foreign Keys Introduction to database systems,Database application architecture Database application architecture,Two-tier architecture Database application architecture,Three-tier architecture Relational algebra,Select operation Relational algebra,Project operation Relational algebra,Cartesian-product operation Relational algebra,Set difference operation Relational algebra,Rename operation Relational algebra,Union operation Relational algebra,Join operation Clauses,select (clause) Clauses,where (clause) Clauses,from (clause) Clauses,as (clause) as (clause),Rename operation Clauses,order by (clause) Set operations,union (clause) Set operations,intersect (clause) Set operations,except (clause) Clauses,is null & is not null (clause) Aggregate functions,group by (clause) Clauses,Aggregate functions Aggregate functions,having (clause) Aggregate functions,avg (clause) Aggregate functions,min (clause) Aggregate functions,max (clause) Aggregate functions,sum (clause) Aggregate functions,count (clause) Clauses,all & some (clause) Clauses,exists & not exists (clause) Clauses,with (clause) SQL,Nested subqueries Clauses,unique (clause) Modification of database,delete from (clause) Modification of database,insert into (clause) Modification of database,update (clause) Clauses,case (clause) SQL,Join operations Join operations,Join conditions Join operations,Inner join Join operations,Outer join Join conditions,natural (clause) Join conditions,on (clause) Join conditions,using (clause) Inner join,natural join natural (clause),natural join Outer join,left outer join Outer join,right outer join Outer join,full outer join SQL,Views Views,Materialized view Views,View updates Views,View definition Database Systems,SQL Database Systems,Relational model Database Systems,Introduction to database systems from (clause),Cartesian-product operation Introduction to database systems,Data-manipulation language Introduction to database systems,Data-definition language Data-manipulation language,Procedural DML Data-manipulation language,Declarative DML Clauses,String operations String operations,like (clauses) String operations,escape (clause) Clauses,Set operations Clauses,Set membership Set membership,not in (clause) Set membership,in (clause) SQL,Modification of database SQL,Scalar subquery View definition,create view (clause) View updates,insert into (clause) Introduction to database systems,Transaction management Transaction management,Atomic transaction Clauses,check (clause) Introduction to database systems,Data dictionary Data dictionary,Database schema Data dictionary,Integrity constraints Data dictionary,Authorization Integrity constraints,Keys Integrity constraints,check (clause) Integrity constraints,unique (clause) Integrity constraints,not null (clause) Clauses,not null (clause) SQL,Create table construct Create table construct,create table (clause) Clauses,create table (clause) Clauses,create view (clause) Create table construct,Domains & data types Domains & data types,char(n) Domains & data types,varchar(n) Domains & data types,int Domains & data types,"numeric(p,d)" Domains & data types,float(n) Create table construct,Integrity constraints Domains & data types,User-defined types Clauses,create index (clause) SQL,Authorization Authorization,grant on to Authorization,revoke on from Authorization,Roles Roles,create role (clause) Database Systems,Entity-relationship model Entity-relationship model,Entity sets Entity-relationship model,Relationship sets Entity-relationship model,Composite & multivalued attributes Entity-relationship model,Mapping cardinality constraints Mapping cardinality constraints,One-to-many relationship Mapping cardinality constraints,One-to-many & many-to-one relationships Mapping cardinality constraints,Many-to-many relationship Mapping cardinality constraints,Total & partial participation Relationship sets,Choice of primary key Entity-relationship model,Weak entity sets Entity sets,Specialization & generalization Specialization & generalization,Completeness constraint Relationship sets,Binary relationship Relationship sets,Ternary relationship Ternary relationship,Converting ternary relationship Entity-relationship model,Alternative ER notations Database Systems,Database normalization Database normalization,Lossy & lossless decomposition Database normalization,Functional dependencies Functional dependencies,Closure of functional dependencies Database normalization,Normalization theory Normalization theory,Boyce-Codd normal form Normalization theory,Third normal form Functional dependencies,Closure of attribute sets Functional dependencies,Canonical cover Canonical cover,Extraneous attributes Boyce-Codd normal form,BCNF decomposition algorithm Third normal form,3NF decomposition algorithm Database normalization,Multivalued dependencies Normalization theory,Fourth normal form Fourth normal form,4NF decomposition algorithm Database Systems,File organization File organization,Fixed-length records File organization,Variable-length records File organization,Heap file organization File organization,Sequential file organization Indexing,Primary index Indexing,Secondary index Indexing,Dense & sparse index Indexing,B + tree B + tree,Insertion in B + trees B + tree,Deletion in B + trees B + tree,B + tree file organization File organization,B + tree file organization File organization,Hash file organization Hash file organization,Hash index Hash file organization,Hash Function Database Systems,Indexing Domains & data types,User-defined domains File organization,Memory address Memory address,Pointer Database Systems,Query processing Query processing,Query optimization Query processing,Evaluation of expressions Measures of selection operation,A1 (linear search) Query optimization,Measures of selection operation Measures of selection operation,"A2 (primary index, equality on key)" Measures of selection operation,"A3 (primary index, equality on nonkey)" Measures of selection operation,"A4 (secondary index, equality on key/non-key)" Query optimization,Measures of join operation Measures of join operation,Nested-loop join Measures of join operation,Block nested-loop join Measures of join operation,Hash-join Evaluation of expressions,Materialization Evaluation of expressions,Pipelining Query optimization,Query tree Query optimization,Query evaluation plan Query evaluation plan,Equivalence rules Query optimization,Cost-based query optimization Query optimization,Heuristic optimization