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"abstract": "When people browse online news, small thumbnail images accompanying links to articles attract their attention and help them to decide which articles to read. As an increasing proportion of online news can be construed as data journalism, we have witnessed a corresponding increase in the incorporation of visualization in article thumbnails. However, there is little research to support alternative design choices for visualization thumbnails, which include resizing, cropping, simplifying, and embellishing charts appearing within the body of the associated article. We therefore sought to better understand these design choices and determine what makes a visualization thumbnail inviting and interpretable. This paper presents our findings from a survey of visualization thumbnails collected online and from conversations with data journalists and news graphics designers. Our study reveals that there exists an uncharted design space, one that is in need of further empirical study. Our work can thus be seen as a first step toward providing structured guidance on how to design thumbnails for data stories.",
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"abstract": "This paper presents our ongoing efforts to design an immersive sonification model to represent protein surfaces through 3D sound, in order to extend pre-existing protein visualisation methods without overloading visual perception. The protein surface is first discretized so each point of the surface is attached to a sound source spatialized in such a way the user is immersed in the center of the protein. We add a spherical filtering system, that the user can control, to select the surface points that would be rendered in order to reinforce the auditory interpretation of the 3D shape. Several questions, which can benefit the VR and HCI communities, are discussed both on audio and audiographical filtering consistency, and on multimodal integration of data coming from different point of view and point of listening in a 3D interactive space.",
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"abstract": "Nowadays there exists a large variety of aspect ratios used for both image rendering (e.g. print media, TV, cinema screens etc.) and image acquisition devices (e.g. still and video cameras, scanners etc.). In order to maintain the image’s original aspect ratio when adjusting for a different media, some level of cropping may be required, but the automatic zoom and crop method may not produce satisfactory results regarding image contents. This paper proposes an automatic method that analyses images and estimates the relevant content areas, avoiding distortions and main subject chopping. The analysis is performed by four feature extractors, each producing a grayscale image which indicates relevant image areas. The outputs of these extractors are then combined by means of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization. Experiments involving a subjective evaluation of a set of automatically cropped images have shown that 77% of the 35 human observers considered images adjusted by the proposed approach better than or similar to the outputs of the automatic zoom and crop method.",
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"content": "Nowadays there exists a large variety of aspect ratios used for both image rendering (e.g. print media, TV, cinema screens etc.) and image acquisition devices (e.g. still and video cameras, scanners etc.). In order to maintain the image’s original aspect ratio when adjusting for a different media, some level of cropping may be required, but the automatic zoom and crop method may not produce satisfactory results regarding image contents. This paper proposes an automatic method that analyses images and estimates the relevant content areas, avoiding distortions and main subject chopping. The analysis is performed by four feature extractors, each producing a grayscale image which indicates relevant image areas. The outputs of these extractors are then combined by means of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization. Experiments involving a subjective evaluation of a set of automatically cropped images have shown that 77% of the 35 human observers considered images adjusted by the proposed approach better than or similar to the outputs of the automatic zoom and crop method.",
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"content": "A novel approach for shape preserving contrast enhancement is presented. Contrast enhancement is achieved by means of a local histogram equalization algorithm which preserves the level-sets of the image. This basic property is violated by common local schemes, thereby introducing spurious objects and modifying the image information. The scheme is based on equalizing the histogram in all the connected components of the image, which are defined based on the image grey-values and spatial relations between its pixels. Following mathematical morphology, these constitute the basic objects in the scene. We give examples for both grey-valued and color images.",
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"abstract": "The present paper applies Constructal Design to optimize the geometry of a Y-shaped negative fin that intrudes a solid conducting wall with heat generation. The main goal is the minimization of the thermal global resistance between the solid wall and the negative fin, which removes energy from the wall. The optimization is achieved by varying the angle between the tributary branch of the Y-Shaped fin and the horizontal axis, as well as, by varying the ratio between the volume of the fin and the rectangular volume that circumscribes it (ψ), while the other geometric parameters are maintained fixed. Constructal Design led to a best configuration, with a thermal global resistance of 53%, 49% and 48% for ψ = 0.3, ψ = 0.4 and ψ = 0.5, respectively, smaller than the ones for the worst configuration.",
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"abstract": "Preserving geometric structures in the scene plays a vital role in image stitching. However, most of the existing methods ignore the large-scale layouts reflected by straight lines or curves, decreasing overall stitching quality. To address this issue, this work presents a structure-preserving stitching approach that produces images with natural visual effects and less distortion. Our method first employs deep learning-based edge detection to extract various types of large-scale edges. Then, the extracted edges are sampled to construct multiple groups of triangles to represent geometric structures. Meanwhile, a GEometric Structure preserving (GES) energy term is introduced to make these triangles undergo similarity transformation. Further, an optimized GES energy term is presented to reasonably determine the weights of the sampling points on the geometric structure, and the term is added into the Global Similarity Prior (GSP) stitching model called GES-GSP to achieve a smooth transition between local alignment and geometric structure preservation. The effectiveness of GES-GSP is validated through comprehensive experiments on a stitching dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in geometric structure preservation and obtains more natural stitching results. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/flowerDuo/GES-GSP-Stitching.",
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"content": "Preserving geometric structures in the scene plays a vital role in image stitching. However, most of the existing methods ignore the large-scale layouts reflected by straight lines or curves, decreasing overall stitching quality. To address this issue, this work presents a structure-preserving stitching approach that produces images with natural visual effects and less distortion. Our method first employs deep learning-based edge detection to extract various types of large-scale edges. Then, the extracted edges are sampled to construct multiple groups of triangles to represent geometric structures. Meanwhile, a GEometric Structure preserving (GES) energy term is introduced to make these triangles undergo similarity transformation. Further, an optimized GES energy term is presented to reasonably determine the weights of the sampling points on the geometric structure, and the term is added into the Global Similarity Prior (GSP) stitching model called GES-GSP to achieve a smooth transition between local alignment and geometric structure preservation. The effectiveness of GES-GSP is validated through comprehensive experiments on a stitching dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in geometric structure preservation and obtains more natural stitching results. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/flowerDuo/GES-GSP-Stitching.",
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"affiliation": "Northwest A&F University,China",
"fullName": "Peng Du",
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"affiliation": "Northwest A&F University,China",
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"affiliation": "Northwest A&F University,China",
"fullName": "Jiguang Cui",
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"affiliation": "National University of Singapore,Singapore",
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"affiliation": "Northwest A&F University,China",
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"title": "2007 2nd Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environments and Teleoperator Systems",
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"title": "JND Analysis of Texture Roughness Perception using a Magnetic Levitation Haptic Device",
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"abstract": "This paper describes the use of a magnetic levitation haptic device (MLHD) to study the psychophysics of texture roughness. Studies of texture roughness perception performed using real textures can be time consuming and expensive. By using a MLHD to simulate texture we are able to quickly and easily adjust texture parameters. A dithered textured surface composed of conical elements is simulated using a constraint surface algorithm. The constraint surface shape is defined by the geometry of the elements as well as the size and shape of the virtual probe. The spacing of the elements and the size of the probe can be varied continuously and in real time. Just noticeable difference (JND) experiments were conducted over the parameters of probe radius and texture spacing. The JND of roughness was determined with respect to element spacing using unforced weighted up-down adaptive threshold estimation. JND's were found to vary for texture spacing and probe size. JND's for constant probe size decreased with increasing texture spacing to a minimum and then increased again. JND's for constant spacing increased as probe size increased. These results are consistent with a geometric model of probe-texture interaction",
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"content": "This paper describes the use of a magnetic levitation haptic device (MLHD) to study the psychophysics of texture roughness. Studies of texture roughness perception performed using real textures can be time consuming and expensive. By using a MLHD to simulate texture we are able to quickly and easily adjust texture parameters. A dithered textured surface composed of conical elements is simulated using a constraint surface algorithm. The constraint surface shape is defined by the geometry of the elements as well as the size and shape of the virtual probe. The spacing of the elements and the size of the probe can be varied continuously and in real time. Just noticeable difference (JND) experiments were conducted over the parameters of probe radius and texture spacing. The JND of roughness was determined with respect to element spacing using unforced weighted up-down adaptive threshold estimation. JND's were found to vary for texture spacing and probe size. JND's for constant probe size decreased with increasing texture spacing to a minimum and then increased again. JND's for constant spacing increased as probe size increased. These results are consistent with a geometric model of probe-texture interaction",
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"abstract": "This paper describes the performance of a microfabricated gripper, equipped with semiconductor strain gauges as force sensors, and teleoperated via a PHANTOM haptic interface. The main objective is to demonstrate that the force sensed by the gripper, when rendered to the user by means of a haptic interface, can provide a feeling of tissue stiffness that allows the user to successfully discriminate among different tissue types during the most delicate operations of minimally invasive surgery, such as in fetal cardiac surgery. Experiments aimed to prove the usefulness of this approach have been carried out: the system allowed unskilled operators to qualitatively discriminate pieces of pulmonary valve and endocardium (excited from fetal lamb). Haptic response models were created from the measured data and additional experiments were carried out off-line on a PHANTOM interface. User trials on the simulated tissue demonstrate the excellent discrimination capability of the system.",
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"abstract": "This paper presents a calculation model for the electromagnetic force of the hybrid magnetic levitation systems composed of electromagnets and permanent magnets, based on which, theoretical derivation is presented for electromagnetic induction intensity distribution of a single solenoid. According to the molecular circulation hypothesis and Biot-Savart Law, the permanent magnet is equivalent to the corresponding current model, so that the electromagnetic force calculation model is obtained. Moreover, according to the model, the calculation formula of permanent magnet subjected to electromagnetic force is deduced. Finally, a simulation experiment is presented based on Maxwell, which illustrates the effectiveness of the provided calculation model, as well as its better performance in the calculation speed compared with the finite element method.",
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"title": "2020 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT)",
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"title": "Dynamic and Accurate Force Feedback for Electromagnetic Haptic Display",
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"abstract": "As the implementation way of bilateral interactions in virtual reality, haptic display can not only bring users touch feedback for the better sense of immersion, but also enable them to operate objects in virtual environments on their own initiative. In this article, we present an electromagnetic haptic display system, which performs contactless forces on the magnetic stylus in the magnetic field excited by three iron-core coils with adjustable position and orientation, for the production of haptic feedback. High-frequency pulses and H-bridge circuits are employed for the rapid current drive in coils, and it is proved that the refresh rate of our haptic device is able to fulfill the simulation of dynamic haptic feedback like push, pull and squeeze. In addition, the processes of current generation in single coil and magnetic field generation for coil array are clearly analyzed, and a Varying-Model Predictive Control algorithm is proposed, where the predictive model is updated adaptively according to the real-time motions of stylus and coils, to generate the required magnetic field smoothly and precisely. Experiments show that the magnetic flux density measured at the position of stylus follows the reference value well in three dimensions with the aid of the proposed algorithm, and dynamic and accurate electromagnetic haptic display can be achieved.",
"abstracts": [
{
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"content": "As the implementation way of bilateral interactions in virtual reality, haptic display can not only bring users touch feedback for the better sense of immersion, but also enable them to operate objects in virtual environments on their own initiative. In this article, we present an electromagnetic haptic display system, which performs contactless forces on the magnetic stylus in the magnetic field excited by three iron-core coils with adjustable position and orientation, for the production of haptic feedback. High-frequency pulses and H-bridge circuits are employed for the rapid current drive in coils, and it is proved that the refresh rate of our haptic device is able to fulfill the simulation of dynamic haptic feedback like push, pull and squeeze. In addition, the processes of current generation in single coil and magnetic field generation for coil array are clearly analyzed, and a Varying-Model Predictive Control algorithm is proposed, where the predictive model is updated adaptively according to the real-time motions of stylus and coils, to generate the required magnetic field smoothly and precisely. Experiments show that the magnetic flux density measured at the position of stylus follows the reference value well in three dimensions with the aid of the proposed algorithm, and dynamic and accurate electromagnetic haptic display can be achieved.",
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"keywords": [
"Coils",
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"Varying Model Predictive Control"
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"authors": [
{
"affiliation": "Wuhan University,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China",
"fullName": "Xiaosa Li",
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{
"affiliation": "Wuhan University,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China",
"fullName": "Zhiyong Yuan",
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{
"affiliation": "Wuhan University,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China",
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{
"affiliation": "Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology,Shenzhen,China",
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"abstract": "Hybrid volume rendering algorithms combine techniques of different categories of volume visualization. Volume on Surface (VoS) is a hybrid volume rendering technique that maps volume information to isosurfaces, intending to accelerate the volume rendering process. In this paper, we introduce an improved version of the VoS technique. Furthermore, we conduct an evaluation of CUDA-based versions of both the original and the improved approach, comparing them with the conventional Ray Casting algorithm. In some results, our technique is more than eight times faster than Ray Casting and thirty times than original version. In addition to the main discussion, we investigate how a surface simplification influences the performance and the quality of the images rendered by our approach.",
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"content": "The analysis of time series expression data is widely employed for investigating biological mechanisms. Microarrays are often used to generate time series for several different experimental conditions. These time series then need to be compared to each other. For a successful comparison it is necessary to perform a time series alignment because the experiments can differ in the number of time points, as well as in the time points themselves. In this work we propose a novel visual analytics approach for the analysis of multiple time series experiments in parallel. Our time series alignment analysis tool Tiala allows one to align multiple time series experiments and to visually explore the aligned expression profiles. A two- and three-dimensional visualization strategy was implemented that is especially designed to enhance the display of multiple aligned time series expression profiles. Tiala is available as a part of the microarray data analysis software Mayday. Mayday itself is open source software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It is available from http://www.microarray-analysis.org. We apply our approach to time series showing abiotic stress responses of Arabidopsis thaliana and to data sets from two replicates of the antibiotics producing bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor.",
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"abstract": "Industrial filter cloth will produce stains and defects in the production process, which will have a certain impact on the sales of filter cloth. Traditional filter cloth manufacturers rely on manual classification of defect types. Due to human subjectivity and visual fatigue, classification errors and omissions will occur. To solve this problem, this paper uses Mask R-CNN convolutional neural network model to classify and identify filter cloth defects. In this paper, 3600 industrial filter cloth images are collected and preprocessed. The images are expanded to 12000 images. The network is trained by combining the improved feature pyramid network (FPN) algorithm. The results show that the combination of resnet101 model as the backbone network has the best application effect.",
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"abstract": "In order to obtain high-quality cone-beam CT images and improve the accuracy of medical diagnosis, this paper proposes a denoising algorithm combining Cone Beam CT projection data and reconstructed images. Firstly, the noisy projection data are decomposed by wavelet transform, and the corresponding decomposition coefficients are obtained. Threshold processing of its high-frequency coefficients, the low-frequency part is subjected to Wiener filtering. The denoised coefficients are separately reconstructed by FDK to obtain four sets of 3D data. Then, the inverse wavelet transform and interpolation are performed to get the reconstructed 3D image. Finally, the reconstructed cone beam CT image is repaired by an anisotropic diffusion algorithm, which can suppress artifacts. The number of iterations during anisotropic diffusion is automatically selected based on the PSNR value of the image. The experimental results show that both PSNR and image quality are satisfactory, and the denoising algorithm in this paper saves about half of the time compared with the traditional CBCT denoising algorithm.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "In order to obtain high-quality cone-beam CT images and improve the accuracy of medical diagnosis, this paper proposes a denoising algorithm combining Cone Beam CT projection data and reconstructed images. Firstly, the noisy projection data are decomposed by wavelet transform, and the corresponding decomposition coefficients are obtained. Threshold processing of its high-frequency coefficients, the low-frequency part is subjected to Wiener filtering. The denoised coefficients are separately reconstructed by FDK to obtain four sets of 3D data. Then, the inverse wavelet transform and interpolation are performed to get the reconstructed 3D image. Finally, the reconstructed cone beam CT image is repaired by an anisotropic diffusion algorithm, which can suppress artifacts. The number of iterations during anisotropic diffusion is automatically selected based on the PSNR value of the image. The experimental results show that both PSNR and image quality are satisfactory, and the denoising algorithm in this paper saves about half of the time compared with the traditional CBCT denoising algorithm.",
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"affiliation": "Shandong University",
"fullName": "Shikuan Li",
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"affiliation": "Shandong University",
"fullName": "Min Han",
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"affiliation": "Shandong University",
"fullName": "Deqiang Wang",
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"title": "IEEE Symposium on Interactive Ray Tracing 2006",
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"abstract": "We present an efficient approach for interactive ray tracing of deformable or animated models. Unlike many of the recent approaches for ray tracing static scenes, we use bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) instead of kd-trees as the underlying acceleration structure. Our algorithm makes no assumptions about the simulation or the motion of objects in the scene and dynamically updates or recomputes the BVHs. We also describe a method to detect BVH quality degradation during the simulation in order to determine when the hierarchy needs to be rebuilt. Furthermore, we show that the ray coherence techniques introduced for kd-trees can be naturally extended to BVHs and yield similar improvements. Finally, we compare BVHs to spatial kd-trees, which have been used recently as a replacement for AABB hierarchies. Our algorithm has been applied to different scenarios arising in animation and simulation and consisting of tens of thousands to a million triangles. In practice, our system can ray trace these models at 3-13 frames a second on a desktop PC including secondary rays",
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"content": "We present an efficient approach for interactive ray tracing of deformable or animated models. Unlike many of the recent approaches for ray tracing static scenes, we use bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) instead of kd-trees as the underlying acceleration structure. Our algorithm makes no assumptions about the simulation or the motion of objects in the scene and dynamically updates or recomputes the BVHs. We also describe a method to detect BVH quality degradation during the simulation in order to determine when the hierarchy needs to be rebuilt. Furthermore, we show that the ray coherence techniques introduced for kd-trees can be naturally extended to BVHs and yield similar improvements. Finally, we compare BVHs to spatial kd-trees, which have been used recently as a replacement for AABB hierarchies. Our algorithm has been applied to different scenarios arising in animation and simulation and consisting of tens of thousands to a million triangles. In practice, our system can ray trace these models at 3-13 frames a second on a desktop PC including secondary rays",
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"title": "Stackless KD-Tree Traversal For Ray Tracing",
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"abstract": "In ray tracing, the computation takes a long time due to the large number of rays and the complex target. In order to avoid invalid intersection calculation and speed up the intersection test between ray and target scene, the geometric information in space scene can be arranged by establishing KD-Tree (K-Dimensional tree) to speed up the intersection process. This paper proposes a stackless KD-Tree traversal based on ropes. By connecting the nodes of KD-Tree according to certain rules through “ropes”, a high-quality KD-Tree is constructed. In the process of ray tracing, the established ropes can be used to judge the KD-Tree nodes through which the rays pass. The results show that this method reduces the number of searching layers of KD-Tree compared with traditional methods.",
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"content": "In ray tracing, the computation takes a long time due to the large number of rays and the complex target. In order to avoid invalid intersection calculation and speed up the intersection test between ray and target scene, the geometric information in space scene can be arranged by establishing KD-Tree (K-Dimensional tree) to speed up the intersection process. This paper proposes a stackless KD-Tree traversal based on ropes. By connecting the nodes of KD-Tree according to certain rules through “ropes”, a high-quality KD-Tree is constructed. In the process of ray tracing, the established ropes can be used to judge the KD-Tree nodes through which the rays pass. The results show that this method reduces the number of searching layers of KD-Tree compared with traditional methods.",
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"content": "As the main portion of urban catchment, road is also a major non-point pollution source of receiving water body. The road runoff pollution has attracted wide attention. The paper makes a study on six rainfall road runoff from 3 different types of roads, analyses the status of road runoff pollution, the surface runoff pollution load and correlation between road runoff pollutants. The result shows that the concentrations of COD, TN, TP and Pb all exceed the fifth standard of The Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The annual pollution load of Xiangtan urban-road runoff is LCOD=2777.612, LTN=121.971t, LTP=15.088t , LPb=7.386t, LZn=0.764t. The correlation coefficients between COD, TN, TP, Pb, Zb concentration and SS content are all larger than 0. 85 (R2>0.85). The pollution of urban-road surface runoff can be reduced by increasing the frequency of road sweeping.",
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"keywords": [
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"fullName": "Zhou Saijun",
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"title": "Forecasting the flow of urban pollution with cellular automata",
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"abstract": "Urban pollution is a growing health hazard in many urban centres across the globe. Prominent sources of pollution include diesel and gasoline vehicles, as well as manufacturing plants, power generation processes, and other industrial activity. In order to help understand and address pollution levels, a number of cities are installing sensor arrays; these installations will in future support monitoring and tracking of pollutants, and also underpin a range of possibilities for forecasting and mitigation. In this paper we describe an approach which forecasts the future flow and intensity of pollutants around an urban area, given recent historic sensor streams. The approach employs a cellular automaton, whose parameters are learned and adapted online by an evolutionary algorithm.",
"abstracts": [
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"content": "Urban pollution is a growing health hazard in many urban centres across the globe. Prominent sources of pollution include diesel and gasoline vehicles, as well as manufacturing plants, power generation processes, and other industrial activity. In order to help understand and address pollution levels, a number of cities are installing sensor arrays; these installations will in future support monitoring and tracking of pollutants, and also underpin a range of possibilities for forecasting and mitigation. In this paper we describe an approach which forecasts the future flow and intensity of pollutants around an urban area, given recent historic sensor streams. The approach employs a cellular automaton, whose parameters are learned and adapted online by an evolutionary algorithm.",
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"keywords": [
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"affiliation": "Dept. of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK",
"fullName": "Sukanya Benjavanich",
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"affiliation": "Heriot-Watt Unversity and Route Monkey Ltd, Edinburgh, UK",
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"affiliation": "Dept. of Computer Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK",
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"abstract": "According to the survey data on Pb in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991 and the horizontal and vertical matter content change model put out by the author, the horizontal loss, vertical dilution and vertical accumulation of Pb surface content were calculated. And a model block diagram of the horizontal and vertical changes in Pb content was determined. Therefore, in May and August, the absolute loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and the bottom layer varies from 1.12 to 13.81 μg/L, and the relative loss amount of the surface layer and the bottom layer Pb content ranges from 16.74 to 73.31%. The bottom content of Pb table has an absolute vertical dilution of 0.83-9.31μg/L, and its relative vertical dilution is 4.64-58.18%. The content of the bottom layer of the Pb table has an absolute vertical accumulation of 1.30 μg / L, and its relative vertical accumulation amount is 23.33%. In May and August, in the waters from the northern part of the Bay mouth through the bay to the center of the bay, the horizontal loss of Pb surface layer content was relatively high, reaching 43.61-73.31%, and the horizontal loss of Pb bottom layer content was relatively low, reaching 16.7437.47%. The variation of the amount of horizontal loss reveals that the Pb content only passes through the waters in the bay. In May and August, the waters from the northern part of the mouth of the bay through the bay to the center of the bay caused a relatively high level of surface loss and a relatively low level of bottom loss. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The variation of the vertical loss amount reveals that when the surface Pb content of the water body changes from 16.00 μg/L to 4.27 μg/L, the vertical dilution amount of the bottom layer content of the Pb table changes to 28.33%. When the surface Pb content of the water changed from 31.66 μg/L to 17.85 μg/L, the vertical dilution of the Pb surface underlayer content changed from 14.02% to 4.64%. Humans need a large number of ships for maritime transport, and seawater containing lead (Pb) appears at the ship's dock. In this way, humans have continued Pb emissions to the marine environment, causing Pb pollution in the waters around the ship's wharf. As a result, Pb is brought to the surface layer of the seawater, and during the vertical migration process, the water is passed from the surface layer to the seabed [1-6]. Therefore, using the horizontal substance content change model and the vertical matter content change model proposed by the author, the horizontal migration process and vertical sedimentation process of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay waters were demonstrated by using the survey data on Pb content in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991. The pollution process and pollution degree of Pb from water transport from ship docks are described, which provides a scientific basis for the study of vertical sedimentation and horizontal migration of Pb in the surface and bottom waters.",
"abstracts": [
{
"abstractType": "Regular",
"content": "According to the survey data on Pb in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991 and the horizontal and vertical matter content change model put out by the author, the horizontal loss, vertical dilution and vertical accumulation of Pb surface content were calculated. And a model block diagram of the horizontal and vertical changes in Pb content was determined. Therefore, in May and August, the absolute loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and the bottom layer varies from 1.12 to 13.81 μg/L, and the relative loss amount of the surface layer and the bottom layer Pb content ranges from 16.74 to 73.31%. The bottom content of Pb table has an absolute vertical dilution of 0.83-9.31μg/L, and its relative vertical dilution is 4.64-58.18%. The content of the bottom layer of the Pb table has an absolute vertical accumulation of 1.30 μg / L, and its relative vertical accumulation amount is 23.33%. In May and August, in the waters from the northern part of the Bay mouth through the bay to the center of the bay, the horizontal loss of Pb surface layer content was relatively high, reaching 43.61-73.31%, and the horizontal loss of Pb bottom layer content was relatively low, reaching 16.7437.47%. The variation of the amount of horizontal loss reveals that the Pb content only passes through the waters in the bay. In May and August, the waters from the northern part of the mouth of the bay through the bay to the center of the bay caused a relatively high level of surface loss and a relatively low level of bottom loss. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The variation of the vertical loss amount reveals that when the surface Pb content of the water body changes from 16.00 μg/L to 4.27 μg/L, the vertical dilution amount of the bottom layer content of the Pb table changes to 28.33%. When the surface Pb content of the water changed from 31.66 μg/L to 17.85 μg/L, the vertical dilution of the Pb surface underlayer content changed from 14.02% to 4.64%. Humans need a large number of ships for maritime transport, and seawater containing lead (Pb) appears at the ship's dock. In this way, humans have continued Pb emissions to the marine environment, causing Pb pollution in the waters around the ship's wharf. As a result, Pb is brought to the surface layer of the seawater, and during the vertical migration process, the water is passed from the surface layer to the seabed [1-6]. Therefore, using the horizontal substance content change model and the vertical matter content change model proposed by the author, the horizontal migration process and vertical sedimentation process of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay waters were demonstrated by using the survey data on Pb content in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991. The pollution process and pollution degree of Pb from water transport from ship docks are described, which provides a scientific basis for the study of vertical sedimentation and horizontal migration of Pb in the surface and bottom waters.",
"__typename": "ArticleAbstractType"
}
],
"normalizedAbstract": "According to the survey data on Pb in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991 and the horizontal and vertical matter content change model put out by the author, the horizontal loss, vertical dilution and vertical accumulation of Pb surface content were calculated. And a model block diagram of the horizontal and vertical changes in Pb content was determined. Therefore, in May and August, the absolute loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and the bottom layer varies from 1.12 to 13.81 μg/L, and the relative loss amount of the surface layer and the bottom layer Pb content ranges from 16.74 to 73.31%. The bottom content of Pb table has an absolute vertical dilution of 0.83-9.31μg/L, and its relative vertical dilution is 4.64-58.18%. The content of the bottom layer of the Pb table has an absolute vertical accumulation of 1.30 μg / L, and its relative vertical accumulation amount is 23.33%. In May and August, in the waters from the northern part of the Bay mouth through the bay to the center of the bay, the horizontal loss of Pb surface layer content was relatively high, reaching 43.61-73.31%, and the horizontal loss of Pb bottom layer content was relatively low, reaching 16.7437.47%. The variation of the amount of horizontal loss reveals that the Pb content only passes through the waters in the bay. In May and August, the waters from the northern part of the mouth of the bay through the bay to the center of the bay caused a relatively high level of surface loss and a relatively low level of bottom loss. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The variation of the vertical loss amount reveals that when the surface Pb content of the water body changes from 16.00 μg/L to 4.27 μg/L, the vertical dilution amount of the bottom layer content of the Pb table changes to 28.33%. When the surface Pb content of the water changed from 31.66 μg/L to 17.85 μg/L, the vertical dilution of the Pb surface underlayer content changed from 14.02% to 4.64%. Humans need a large number of ships for maritime transport, and seawater containing lead (Pb) appears at the ship's dock. In this way, humans have continued Pb emissions to the marine environment, causing Pb pollution in the waters around the ship's wharf. As a result, Pb is brought to the surface layer of the seawater, and during the vertical migration process, the water is passed from the surface layer to the seabed [1-6]. Therefore, using the horizontal substance content change model and the vertical matter content change model proposed by the author, the horizontal migration process and vertical sedimentation process of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay waters were demonstrated by using the survey data on Pb content in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991. The pollution process and pollution degree of Pb from water transport from ship docks are described, which provides a scientific basis for the study of vertical sedimentation and horizontal migration of Pb in the surface and bottom waters.",
"fno": "09103775",
"keywords": [
"Lead",
"Marine Pollution",
"Oceanographic Regions",
"Seawater",
"Sedimentation",
"Water Quality",
"Vertical Matter Content Change Model",
"Horizontal Loss",
"Vertical Dilution",
"Pb Surface Content",
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"Pb Surface Underlayer Content",
"Horizontal Substance Content Change Model",
"AD 1991 05",
"AD 1991 08",
"Pb",
"Lead",
"Mouth",
"Sea Surface",
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"Water Pollution",
"Surface Treatment",
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"Pb",
"Content Change Model",
"Horizontal Loss",
"Vertical Loss",
"Jiaozhou Bay"
],
"authors": [
{
"affiliation": "Xijing University,Accountancy School,Xi’an,China,710123",
"fullName": "Dongfang Yang",
"givenName": "Dongfang",
"surname": "Yang",
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{
"affiliation": "Xijing University,Accountancy School,Xi’an,China,710123",
"fullName": "Haixia Li",
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"surname": "Li",
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{
"affiliation": "Xijing University,Accountancy School,Xi’an,China,710123",
"fullName": "Dong Yang",
"givenName": "Dong",
"surname": "Yang",
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{
"affiliation": "Xijing University,Accountancy School,Xi’an,China,710123",
"fullName": "Zhang Longlei",
"givenName": "Zhang",
"surname": "Longlei",
"__typename": "ArticleAuthorType"
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{
"affiliation": "Xijing University,Accountancy School,Xi’an,China,710123",
"fullName": "Hong Zhu",
"givenName": "Hong",
"surname": "Zhu",
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"abstract": "People living in urban areas suffer from increasing noise pollution. Local and national governments invest efforts in the development of sensor-based noise monitoring systems and long-term plans to reduce noise pollution. However, deploying such sensor-based systems on a city scale is very expensive. In this work, Jingle Jungle Maps, a tool for the visualization and localization of sounds in urban spaces is proposed. By means of social media data gathered from Flickr, the researchers attempt to perform a text-based analysis on each post to identify noise sources and localize them on a map. An approximation of the emotions these sounds might evoke and their perceived level of loudness are also estimated with fuzzy logic and computing with words methods. A prototype showing the results of this analysis on ten thousand posts from the city of Bern, Switzerland, is presented in this article. Furthermore, an evaluation on five hundred posts showed acceptable precision levels for the estimation of sound sources.",
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"content": "People living in urban areas suffer from increasing noise pollution. Local and national governments invest efforts in the development of sensor-based noise monitoring systems and long-term plans to reduce noise pollution. However, deploying such sensor-based systems on a city scale is very expensive. In this work, Jingle Jungle Maps, a tool for the visualization and localization of sounds in urban spaces is proposed. By means of social media data gathered from Flickr, the researchers attempt to perform a text-based analysis on each post to identify noise sources and localize them on a map. An approximation of the emotions these sounds might evoke and their perceived level of loudness are also estimated with fuzzy logic and computing with words methods. A prototype showing the results of this analysis on ten thousand posts from the city of Bern, Switzerland, is presented in this article. Furthermore, an evaluation on five hundred posts showed acceptable precision levels for the estimation of sound sources.",
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"title": "A multidimensional human-centric framework for environmental intelligence: Air pollution and noise in smart cities",
"normalizedTitle": "A multidimensional human-centric framework for environmental intelligence: Air pollution and noise in smart cities",
"abstract": "For the important problem of increasing levels of air pollution and noise in urban and rural areas, we propose a holistic, multi-dimensional approach to gather, monitor and analyze heterogeneous data sources of air pollutants and noise indicators, into an integrated, intelligent computational system. Although several interesting approaches have been developed for monitoring pollution and noise, however the challenge remains for even more detailed, precise, large scale monitoring.To overcome the limitations of current systems, we envision an integrated approach to human-centric environmental intelligence, bringing together modern IoT technology and the human factor. In particular, our approach emphasizes selected behavioural and health aspects, and the complementary use of sensing technology with citizen engagement and crowdsourcing methods. The proposed system will collect diverse data from heterogeneous sources, such as mobile and static wireless sensor networks, crowdsourcing, citizen questionnaires and social media analytics, to continuously combine objective estimations with subjective perception of air quality and noise. With the use of advanced AI and Deep Learning algorithms, our system will be able to estimate air pollutants concentration and noise levels in micro-scale with adequate precision over large urban-scale environments. Furthermore, tracking of behavioral and psychological users' input, as well as personal exposure to pollution, will allow studying the impact of air quality and noise on the users' daily habits and the interplay of ambient conditions with behavioural factors, towards an active engagement of citizens in a hybrid techno-social manner. A reference architecture for the realization of this human-centric environmental intelligence approach is presented. Also, a planned implementation at the city of Patras, Greece is discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first holistic, multifaceted approaches to a surveillance system for air quality and noise in urban areas.",
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"content": "For the important problem of increasing levels of air pollution and noise in urban and rural areas, we propose a holistic, multi-dimensional approach to gather, monitor and analyze heterogeneous data sources of air pollutants and noise indicators, into an integrated, intelligent computational system. Although several interesting approaches have been developed for monitoring pollution and noise, however the challenge remains for even more detailed, precise, large scale monitoring.To overcome the limitations of current systems, we envision an integrated approach to human-centric environmental intelligence, bringing together modern IoT technology and the human factor. In particular, our approach emphasizes selected behavioural and health aspects, and the complementary use of sensing technology with citizen engagement and crowdsourcing methods. The proposed system will collect diverse data from heterogeneous sources, such as mobile and static wireless sensor networks, crowdsourcing, citizen questionnaires and social media analytics, to continuously combine objective estimations with subjective perception of air quality and noise. With the use of advanced AI and Deep Learning algorithms, our system will be able to estimate air pollutants concentration and noise levels in micro-scale with adequate precision over large urban-scale environments. Furthermore, tracking of behavioral and psychological users' input, as well as personal exposure to pollution, will allow studying the impact of air quality and noise on the users' daily habits and the interplay of ambient conditions with behavioural factors, towards an active engagement of citizens in a hybrid techno-social manner. A reference architecture for the realization of this human-centric environmental intelligence approach is presented. Also, a planned implementation at the city of Patras, Greece is discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first holistic, multifaceted approaches to a surveillance system for air quality and noise in urban areas.",
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"Mobile Sensing"
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{
"affiliation": "University of Patras,Computer Engineering and Informatics Department,Patras,Greece",
"fullName": "Andreas Bardoutsos",
"givenName": "Andreas",
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{
"affiliation": "University of Patras,Computer Engineering and Informatics Department,Patras,Greece",
"fullName": "Gabriel Filios",
"givenName": "Gabriel",
"surname": "Filios",
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},
{
"affiliation": "University of Patras,Computer Engineering and Informatics Department,Patras,Greece",
"fullName": "Ioannis Katsidimas",
"givenName": "Ioannis",
"surname": "Katsidimas",
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{
"affiliation": "Inlecom Innovation,Athens,Greece",
"fullName": "Thomas Krousarlis",
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"surname": "Krousarlis",
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{
"affiliation": "University of Patras,Computer Engineering and Informatics Department,Patras,Greece",
"fullName": "Sotiris Nikoletseas",
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{
"affiliation": "University of Patras,Computer Engineering and Informatics Department,Patras,Greece",
"fullName": "Pantelis Tzamalis",
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"surname": "Tzamalis",
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"title": "Analysis on the influence of urban living environment on healthy human capital based on health production function",
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"abstract": "Based on urban living environment on the health of human capital as the research core, the new healthy production function was constructed by integrating the urban environment pollution, urban infrastructure, city appearance cleaning and other 11 factors that have influence on the human capital of health into the healthy production function proposed by Grossman. In addition, the provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017 in China were used to conduct regression analysis on the specific impact by using the fixed-effect model. The estimated results show that :(1) urban environmental pollution will cause serious harm to the health of urban residents. For every 1% increase in sulfur dioxide emissions, the health human capital will decrease by 0.0228%;(2) medical resources and the education level of the population are bottlenecks affecting human capital of health, and insufficient resources will have a negative impact on human capital of health; (3)strengthening the construction of urban infrastructure, harmless treatment of garbage, investment in urban pollution control, urban public green space area and construction of cultural venues can help reduce the harm of urban gas, solid and water pollution, reduce the breeding of viruses and bacteria, and make cities more livable;(4)scientific and technological innovation depends not only on the number of authorized patents, but also on the quality and efficiency of the transformation of patents into scientific and technological achievements.",
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"content": "Based on urban living environment on the health of human capital as the research core, the new healthy production function was constructed by integrating the urban environment pollution, urban infrastructure, city appearance cleaning and other 11 factors that have influence on the human capital of health into the healthy production function proposed by Grossman. In addition, the provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017 in China were used to conduct regression analysis on the specific impact by using the fixed-effect model. The estimated results show that :(1) urban environmental pollution will cause serious harm to the health of urban residents. For every 1% increase in sulfur dioxide emissions, the health human capital will decrease by 0.0228%;(2) medical resources and the education level of the population are bottlenecks affecting human capital of health, and insufficient resources will have a negative impact on human capital of health; (3)strengthening the construction of urban infrastructure, harmless treatment of garbage, investment in urban pollution control, urban public green space area and construction of cultural venues can help reduce the harm of urban gas, solid and water pollution, reduce the breeding of viruses and bacteria, and make cities more livable;(4)scientific and technological innovation depends not only on the number of authorized patents, but also on the quality and efficiency of the transformation of patents into scientific and technological achievements.",
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"affiliation": "Ningde Normal University,School of Economics and Management,Ningde,China",
"fullName": "Yuan Kefeng",
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"fullName": "Zhang Xiaoxia",
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"abstract": "In this work, we propose a new type of visibility measurement named Continuous Visibility Feature (CVF). We say that a point q on the mesh is continuously visible from another point p if there exists a geodesic path connecting p and q that is entirely visible by p. In order to efficiently estimate the continuous visibility for all the vertices in a model, we propose two approaches that use specific CVF properties to avoid exhaustive visibility tests. CVF is then measured as the area of the continuously visible region. With this stronger visibility measure, we show that CVF better encodes the surface and part information of mesh than the tradition line-of-sight based visibility. For example, we show that existing segmentation algorithms can generate better segmentation results using CVF and its variants than using other visibility-based shape descriptors, such as shape diameter function. Similar to visibility and other mesh surface features, continuous visibility would have many applications.",
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"content": "In this work, we propose a new type of visibility measurement named Continuous Visibility Feature (CVF). We say that a point q on the mesh is continuously visible from another point p if there exists a geodesic path connecting p and q that is entirely visible by p. In order to efficiently estimate the continuous visibility for all the vertices in a model, we propose two approaches that use specific CVF properties to avoid exhaustive visibility tests. CVF is then measured as the area of the continuously visible region. With this stronger visibility measure, we show that CVF better encodes the surface and part information of mesh than the tradition line-of-sight based visibility. For example, we show that existing segmentation algorithms can generate better segmentation results using CVF and its variants than using other visibility-based shape descriptors, such as shape diameter function. Similar to visibility and other mesh surface features, continuous visibility would have many applications.",
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"abstract": "Perspective alignment is a novel method of solving backprojection, the well-known problem of computing three dimensional (3D) position and orientation (pose) of a model from two-dimensional (2D) image features. This paper demonstrates that previous backprojection methods can violate the visibility constraint by computing solution poses in which the model occludes features which should be visible. By definition, these visibility errors are associated with incorrect pose solutions. Yet they occur frequently when previous backprojection methods are used in underconstrained situations. We empirically analyze the frequency and consequences of visibility errors in previous backprojection methods. We then show how perspective alignment satisfies the visibility constraint during the pose solution process to eliminate these errors. The algorithm has been implemented and used in a real-time model-based object tracking system. We describe the algorithm and results of tracking real objects in real-time. The algorithm also has implications for reducing the combinatorics of image-model feature pairing in model-based recognition.",
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"abstract": "This paper presents a new compression technique for 3D dynamic meshes, referred to as FAMC - frame-based animated mesh compression, promoted within the MPEG-4 standard as amendment 2 of part 16 AFX (animation framework extension). The FAMC approach combines a model-based motion compensation strategy, with transform/predictive coding of residual errors. First, a skinning motion compensation model is automatically computed from a frame-based representation and then encoded. Subsequently, either 1) DCT/lifting wavelets or 2) layer-based predictive coding is employed to exploit remaining spatio-temporal correlations in the residual signal. The proposed encoder offers high compression performances (gains in bit rate of 60% with respect to the previous MPEG-4 technique and of 20% to 40% with respect to state-of-the-art approaches) and is well suited for compressing both geometric and photometric (normal vectors, colors...) attributes. In addition, the FAMC method supports a rich set of functionalities including streaming, scalability (spatial, temporal and quality) and progressive transmission.",
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"abstract": "The process of making skeleton for character animation is a long-winded task requiring manual tweaking. This paper presents a novel method to generate an automatic robust animated skeleton from 3D human geometric model. First, our method contracts the mesh by applying Laplacian-based mesh contractions with constraints. The mesh contraction process preserves the original topology and connectivity of the mesh model. The 1D curve-skeleton is extracted from contracted mesh by applying edge contraction. Second, an automatic hierarchical joint-based skeleton (armature) has been generated, using the refined extracted curve-skeleton obtained from input mesh. Third, 3D motion data of joints are retargeted on generated skeleton through joint mapping to evaluate the accuracy of the skeleton animation. The significance of our approach is to minimize the labor-intensive process of skeleton adjustments for character animation. An automatic generated skeleton can be directly used to mesh rigging, mesh skinning and retargeting to create satisfactory character animation. Finally, experiments have been carried out to generate a plausible skeleton from mesh and create animation of that skeleton.",
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"abstract": "Because all the Shape from shading (SFS) algorithm depend on assumptions about the continuity of surface height and its partial derivatives, we add the smooth constraint to the objective function to enforce the integrability, and propose a new shape from shading algorithm based on maximum entropy. We present results of our new shape from shading method on a synthetic image. Results and comparisons showed that the new algorithm gives consistently better feature preserving reconstructions.",
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"abstract": "How does shape from shading proceed when two or more differently colored light sources are present? For a uniformly colored Lambertian surface illuminated by a collection of point or extended light sources or inter reflections, with unknown directions and strengths, illumination varies spectrally with orientation from the surface. If light varies enough in color and direction, then surface orientation can be recovered by a kind of photometric stereo, but with a single image and many unknown lights. RGB values lie on an ellipsoid in color and the strengths and directions of three effective \"lights\" can be recovered from regression and by additional constraints derived from three estimates of light source tilt. However, it is quite likely that illumination color does not vary enough. In that case RGB points fill a planar 2D ellipse in color space. We give a result for the ellipse boundary that enables one to recover the strengths and angle between two effective lights producing the 2D shading. We then show that equations for the tilts of the linearly related three effective lights in 3D give an additional three independent constraints. Solving yields lights in 2D and hence in 3D as well. Thus the rank 2 orientation from color problem reduces to known light 2 image photometric stereo. Robust methods are used throughout.",
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"content": "How does shape from shading proceed when two or more differently colored light sources are present? For a uniformly colored Lambertian surface illuminated by a collection of point or extended light sources or inter reflections, with unknown directions and strengths, illumination varies spectrally with orientation from the surface. If light varies enough in color and direction, then surface orientation can be recovered by a kind of photometric stereo, but with a single image and many unknown lights. RGB values lie on an ellipsoid in color and the strengths and directions of three effective \"lights\" can be recovered from regression and by additional constraints derived from three estimates of light source tilt. However, it is quite likely that illumination color does not vary enough. In that case RGB points fill a planar 2D ellipse in color space. We give a result for the ellipse boundary that enables one to recover the strengths and angle between two effective lights producing the 2D shading. We then show that equations for the tilts of the linearly related three effective lights in 3D give an additional three independent constraints. Solving yields lights in 2D and hence in 3D as well. Thus the rank 2 orientation from color problem reduces to known light 2 image photometric stereo. Robust methods are used throughout.",
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"abstract": "The present paper focuses on efficient inverse rendering using a Photometric Stereo technique for realistic surfaces. The technique primarily assumes the Lambertian reflection model only. For non-Lambertian surfaces, application of the technique to real surfaces in order to estimate 3-D shape and spatially varying reflectance from sparse images remains difficult. In the present paper, we propose a new Photometric Stereo technique by which to efficiently recover a full surface model, starting from a small set of photographs. The proposed technique allows diffuse albedo to vary arbitrarily over surfaces while non-diffuse characteristics remain constant for a material. Specifically, the basic approach is to first recover the specular reflectance parameters of the surfaces by a novel optimization procedure. These parameters are then used to estimate the diffuse reflectance and surface normal for each point. As a result, a lighting-independent model of the geometry and reflectance properties of the surface is established using the proposed method, which can be used to re-render the images under novel lighting via traditional rendering methods.",
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"abstract": "In this paper, a neural network diagnosis system for 3-dimensional ultrasonography using Gabor filters to eliminate the speckle noise is introduced. Since the importance of the relationship between surface features and internal architecture of the breast tumor, we applied our system using three dimensional (3D) inter-pixel correlation instead of 2D features. Furthermore, Gabor filters provide a multi-resolution representation of texture, which increasing the capabilities of ultrasound technology in the differential diagnosis of solid breast tumors. Our experiments show that the performance of the proposed diagnostic method is effective.",
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"abstract": "An effective face recognition method is described in the proposed paper, which is based on Gabor Wavelets and 2D Linear Discriminant Analysis (Gabor-2DLDA). Although Gabor features has been recognized as one of the most successful face representations, its huge number of features often brings about the problem of curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we use Gabor feature matrix to represent the facial features, and then apply 2DLDA to derive subspaces from Gabor feature matrix, thus effectively addressing the issue of dimensional disaster and avoiding the singularity problem of linear discriminant analysis method. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to classify the extracted face features. Experimental results on ORL database and subset of CAS-PEAL database show that the combination of Gabor-2DLDA with SVM can achieve promising results.",
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"abstract": "This paper develops an error bound for narrow bandwidth Gabor filters synthesized using multiple stages. It is shown that the error introduced by approximating narrow bandwidth Gabor (1946) kernels by a weighted sum of spatially offset, separable kernels is a function of the frequency offset and the reduction in bandwidth of the desired kernel compared to the basis values, as well as the spatial subsampling rate between filter stages. This error bound should prove useful in the design of a general basis filter set for multi-stage filtering because the maximum frequency offset is largely determined by the spacing of the basis filters.",
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"abstract": "Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) is an unsupervised method which seeks to optimally preserve the neighborhood structure of the dataset. LPP has been used wildly, but it has limits to solve the classification problem, such as the ignorance of the label information. Supervised Kernel Locality Preserving Projections (SKLPP) can preserve within-class geometric structures and represent the complex nonlinear variations of the face manifold by nonlinear kernel projection. Kernel method projects data from low-dimensional space to high-dimensional space. It can overcome the difficult when it is hard to use linear method in low-dimensional. In this paper, a novel Supervised Gabor-based Kernel Locality Preserving Projections (SGKLPP) method was proposed. This method integrates the Gabor wavelet representation of face images and the Supervised Kernel Locality Preserving Projections methods and it is robust to variations of illumination and facial expression. Experiments are performed to test the proposed algorithm on ORL dataset and Yale dataset. Results show that our new algorithm outperforms Supervised LPP (SLPP) method, SKLPP method and Supervised Gabor-based LPP (SGLPP) method.",
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"content": "Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) is an unsupervised method which seeks to optimally preserve the neighborhood structure of the dataset. LPP has been used wildly, but it has limits to solve the classification problem, such as the ignorance of the label information. Supervised Kernel Locality Preserving Projections (SKLPP) can preserve within-class geometric structures and represent the complex nonlinear variations of the face manifold by nonlinear kernel projection. Kernel method projects data from low-dimensional space to high-dimensional space. It can overcome the difficult when it is hard to use linear method in low-dimensional. In this paper, a novel Supervised Gabor-based Kernel Locality Preserving Projections (SGKLPP) method was proposed. This method integrates the Gabor wavelet representation of face images and the Supervised Kernel Locality Preserving Projections methods and it is robust to variations of illumination and facial expression. Experiments are performed to test the proposed algorithm on ORL dataset and Yale dataset. Results show that our new algorithm outperforms Supervised LPP (SLPP) method, SKLPP method and Supervised Gabor-based LPP (SGLPP) method.",
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"abstract": "In this paper, a new Gabor-based Kernel Independent Component Analysis (GKICA) method for face recognition is presented. This method first derives a Gabor feature vector from a set of down-sampled Gabor wavelet representations of face images, then reduces the dimensionality of the vector by means of kernel principal component analysis, and finally defines the independent Gabor kernel features based on the Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Experiments are performed to test the proposed algorithm on ORL dataset and Yale dataset. Results show that our new algorithm achieves higher recognition rates than ICA and Kernel Independent Component Analysis (KICA), and costs less time than Gable-based ICA (GICA).",
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