Datasets:
Yuwh07
/
SciEGQA-Bench

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
2
query
string
answer
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doc_name
string
evidence_page
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In the figure, which letter uniquely receives two arrows, and from which letters do they come?
D; from C and E.
2311.07631
[ 4 ]
[ [ [ 281, 2228, 1890, 2941 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 110.196078, 675.151515, 741.176471, 891.212121 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
cs
In the identities table, what AI entry corresponds to the DS term 'rational'?
machine
2311.07631
[ 26 ]
[ [ [ 305, 1512, 1520, 2005 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 119.607843, 458.181818, 596.078431, 607.575758 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
cs
For rows with focus 'human', list each area and its first-listed topic in table order.
design—ontologies; value—ethics
2311.07631
[ 26 ]
[ [ [ 287, 2025, 2263, 2527 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 613.636364, 887.45098, 765.757576 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
cs
Which AREA numerals show a prime mark, and how many named DOMAINS (excluding 'etc') are listed?
II' and III'; four.
2311.07631
[ 8 ]
[ [ [ 546, 2096, 1987, 2812 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 214.117647, 635.151515, 779.215686, 852.121212 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
cs
Listing the right-hand terms from top to bottom in DS then AI, what sequence appears?
concrete, machine, action, rational
2311.07631
[ 26 ]
[ [ [ 874, 1238, 1708, 1494 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 342.745098, 375.151515, 669.803922, 452.727273 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
cs
In Table 1, which two cells contain primed Roman numerals, and what keywords appear beneath them?
Human-Abstract DESIGN; Machine-Concrete SYSTEMS
2311.07631
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 719, 1244, 1796, 1770 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 281.960784, 376.969697, 704.313725, 536.363636 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
cs
In the described spiral process, between which two poles does it oscillate, and what page number is cited for the processual definition?
Diversification and simplification; p. 41.
2311.07631
[ 15 ]
[ [ [ 290, 2025, 2245, 2985 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 613.636364, 880.392157, 904.545455 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
In the excerpt, what verb describes how the two principal components relate to the general field of data science?
undergird
2311.07631
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2812, 2187, 2991 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 852.121212, 857.647059, 906.363636 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
In the passage, which area contains people good at working with abstract machinery, and what does the model describe instead of objective reality?
The analytics area; areas of academic expertise.
2311.07631
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2436, 2222, 2888 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 738.181818, 871.372549, 875.151515 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
According to the sentence, what two claims are made about definitions' inclusiveness and relative breadth?
None includes them all; some are more comprehensive.
2311.07631
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1826, 2196, 1937 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 553.333333, 861.176471, 586.969697 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
In Figure 1’s confusion matrix, which utility label and exact probability symbol correspond to the true positives (positive case)?
U11 and p^s_11
2405.09360
[ 2 ]
[ [ [ 1324, 249, 2351, 1074 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 519.215686, 75.454545, 921.960784, 325.454545 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the proof’s construction with PD(Y=1, Ŷ=1)>0, which parameter equalities set UD3 and UD2 to zero, and what value is chosen for U10?
U01=U10; U00=U10; U10=0.
2405.09360
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 211, 1987, 1241, 2935 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 82.745098, 602.121212, 486.666667, 889.393939 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the 'Mortgage example' plot, what is the numerical difference between the mean μ of X_T and the barrier b shown in the legend?
20,000
2405.09360
[ 8 ]
[ [ [ 1309, 205, 2339, 998 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 513.333333, 62.121212, 917.254902, 302.424242 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Under Proposition 12 (U ≥ 0), the upper bound of the utility difference is given by what product, and which equation number labels it?
tilde U times Π*, equation (20)
2405.09360
[ 8 ]
[ [ [ 214, 1262, 1227, 1650 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 83.921569, 382.424242, 481.176471, 500 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Figure 3's confusion matrix, which U-region spans both Y=0 and Y=1 under Ŷ=0, and what gray p^s term appears inside it?
U_0; p^s_0
2405.09360
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 1327, 252, 2334, 989 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 520.392157, 76.363636, 915.294118, 299.69697 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Under the text’s fairness notion at level τ = 0, what inequality must the utility difference UD satisfy?
UD ≤ 0
2405.09360
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 214, 918, 1218, 1814 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 83.921569, 278.181818, 477.647059, 549.69697 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the excerpt, what is the equation number for Es[U] = U·Ps + U10, and which probabilities must coincide for fairness to hold?
5; joint probabilities of both groups.
2405.09360
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 1312, 223, 2337, 601 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 514.509804, 67.575758, 916.470588, 182.121212 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to equation (18), (C)UA holds if which two PD expressions are zero?
PD(Y=1|Ŷ=1) and PD(Ŷ=0)
2405.09360
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 1327, 2322, 2331, 2827 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 520.392157, 703.636364, 914.117647, 856.666667 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Proposition 8’s second claim, what factor multiplies ε·K in the no-disadvantage bound, and which norm of PD is used in the inequality for |UD|?
1 + 2Γ; the infinity norm ||PD||∞.
2405.09360
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 1324, 731, 2339, 2938 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 519.215686, 221.515152, 917.254902, 890.30303 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Proposition 7, assuming statistical parity and equalized odds with U_01 = U_10, what value is U_3 concluded to have, and which equation number is cited for the claim?
U_3 = 0; Equation (7).
2405.09360
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 1315, 231, 2328, 707 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 515.686275, 70, 912.941176, 214.242424 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to Theorem 1, under what tail relation does asymptotic learning of informativeness fail?
Uninformative signals have thinner tails than informative signals.
2406.05299
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 290, 1161, 2200, 1307 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.888351, 330.957811, 886.739218, 372.576967 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Conditioned on θ and ω=1, when a_t = b, what are both the exact update for r_{t+1} and the probability of that action (include signs)?
r_{t+1}=r_t+D_b(r_t); probability F_θ(-r_t).
2406.05299
[ 10 ]
[ [ [ 290, 2131, 2190, 2955 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.888351, 607.468643, 882.708585, 842.360319 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Proposition 2, conditioning on which ω value must both events {ā = g} and {ā = b} have zero probability for asymptotic learning of informativeness to hold?
ω = 0
2406.05299
[ 12 ]
[ [ [ 287, 905, 2187, 1048 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 115.679162, 257.981756, 881.499395, 298.745724 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Claim 2’s displayed equality, when conditioning on π_t = π, which probability measure appears on the right-hand side?
P_{tilde ω, tilde θ, π}
2406.05299
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 284, 736, 2194, 1376 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.469972, 209.806157, 884.320838, 392.246294 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the tail-thickness definitions, which specific L_θ and R_θ are bounded below by ε for fatter tails, and which are bounded above by 1/ε for thinner tails?
L_b and R_g ≥ ε; L_g or R_b ≤ 1/ε.
2406.05299
[ 8 ]
[ [ [ 280, 1239, 2187, 2490 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.857719, 353.192702, 881.499395, 709.806157 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In equation (A.1), what term multiplies P[ω = 0]?
P0[A∞(k)]
2406.05299
[ 16 ]
[ [ [ 293, 699, 2184, 1888 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.097541, 199.258837, 880.290206, 538.198404 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the proof, what explicit expression does Bayes’ rule give for the ratio P0[q_t = q̃] divided by P1[q_t = q̃]?
(1−q̃)/q̃ × γ/(1−γ)
2406.05299
[ 15 ]
[ [ [ 280, 1860, 2200, 3011 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.857719, 530.216648, 886.739218, 858.323831 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the log-odds formulations, what variables are conditioned on for r_t versus L_t?
r_t: H_t; L_t: H_t and s_t.
2406.05299
[ 10 ]
[ [ [ 290, 1154, 2190, 2081 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.888351, 328.962372, 882.708585, 593.215507 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Using the symmetry r_t^b = −r_t^g, in which numbered equation does the condition become ∑_{t=1}^∞ (1 − F_g(•)) = ∞, and what is •?
(6); r_t^g
2406.05299
[ 12 ]
[ [ [ 290, 1391, 2200, 3158 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.888351, 396.522235, 886.739218, 900.22805 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the proof, what principle gives the bound on π_{τ+1}, and what property justifies the final equality in the chain of expectations?
Overturning principle; stationarity property.
2406.05299
[ 17 ]
[ [ [ 284, 1257, 2187, 2428 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.469972, 358.323831, 881.499395, 692.132269 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
What exact equation characterizes α* where the randomized payoff is maximized?
α* + ln(1−α*)·(1−α*) = c0
2406.11528
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 302, 584, 2193, 1773 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.431373, 176.969697, 860, 537.272727 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to the proof, after rewriting the limit in x, what exact expression appears under the square root in the denominator?
x + ln(1 − x) · (1 − x)
2406.11528
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 296, 1808, 2257, 2486 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.078431, 547.878788, 885.098039, 753.333333 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to inequality (5), which denominator appears under (∑√c_i(a_i))^2?
∑_{i=1}^n α_i
2406.11528
[ 14 ]
[ [ [ 281, 1453, 2263, 2912 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 110.196078, 440.30303, 887.45098, 882.424242 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the final inequality, E_Fw[y − w(y)] is bounded by what expression that is set equal to u(α*)/−ln(1−α*)?
(1 − α_w) · e*(α_w)
2406.11528
[ 10 ]
[ [ [ 290, 965, 2254, 2639 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 292.424242, 883.921569, 799.69697 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In (P1) the function e(α) appears; in the proof’s argmax definition, what ordered pair defines a(α), and which symbol replaces e(α) as its first component?
a(α)=(F(α), c(α)); F(α).
2406.11528
[ 7 ]
[ [ [ 273, 2216, 2257, 3038 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 107.058824, 671.515152, 885.098039, 920.606061 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the expression defining V_P(A_0), what is the subscript on y inside the expectation and is A constrained to be a superset or subset of A_0 in the inner minimization?
y_1; superset (A ⊇ A_0).
2406.11528
[ 18 ]
[ [ [ 308, 2034, 2248, 2278 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 120.784314, 616.363636, 881.568627, 690.30303 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the displayed maximization defining λ*, how many times does the fraction λ/(λ+1) appear in the objective, and where relative to the expectations E_F0[·]?
Twice: before E_F0[y1] and inside b preceding E_F0[y].
2406.11528
[ 18 ]
[ [ [ 296, 2313, 2260, 2592 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.078431, 700.909091, 886.27451, 785.454545 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Lemma 4.3, which relation holds between A and A0, and what exact expression (including the sign) upper-bounds any contract’s payoff with respect to A?
A ⊇ A0; u(α*)/−ln(1−α*).
2406.11528
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 305, 1802, 2260, 1958 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 119.607843, 546.060606, 886.27451, 593.333333 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In program (P3), over which exact set of α are both the integral and the universal quantifier taken?
α ∈ R_+^n with ∑_{i=1}^n α_i ≤ 1.
2406.11528
[ 13 ]
[ [ [ 302, 2566, 2257, 3047 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.431373, 777.575758, 885.098039, 923.333333 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the definition of e*(α), which variable is inside the logarithm, and what exact factor multiplies the logarithm in the denominator?
α*; −(1 − α).
2406.11528
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 281, 1923, 2278, 3026 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 110.196078, 582.727273, 893.333333, 916.969697 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
From the shown outputs, what is p_value (kendall_cor_test with alternative='less') minus the Kendall correlation returned by kendall_cor(x, y)?
0.8423971
2408.09618
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1541, 2266, 2965 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 466.969697, 888.627451, 898.484848 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the legend titled 'Implementation', which implementation uses orange circles, and what is the rightmost x-axis tick label?
kendallknight; 100,000
2408.09618
[ 7 ]
[ [ [ 287, 2008, 1961, 2883 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 608.484848, 769.019608, 873.636364 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Compute (base R time at 20,000 − base R time at 10,000) − (kendallknight time at 20,000 − kendallknight time at 10,000).
4.055 s
2408.09618
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 302, 2771, 2254, 3009 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.431373, 839.69697, 883.921569, 911.818182 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
At what number of observations does kendallknight first exceed base R memory by more than 2.5 MB?
90,000
2408.09618
[ 7 ]
[ [ [ 281, 1039, 2263, 1843 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 110.196078, 314.848485, 887.45098, 558.484848 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
In the two install commands shown, which uses a dot and which uses an underscore in the function name for CRAN vs GitHub?
CRAN: install.packages; GitHub: install_github.
2408.09618
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 278, 992, 2266, 1300 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 109.019608, 300.606061, 888.627451, 393.939394 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
For a dataset with 20,000 observations, approximately how many times more operations does O(n^2) require than O(n log(n)) to obtain the Kendall’s correlation coefficient?
About 2020 times.
2408.09618
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 290, 2571, 2257, 2800 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 779.090909, 885.098039, 848.484848 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
List the four citation years mentioned, in the order they appear.
1966, 1999, 2005, 2024
2408.09618
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 287, 2284, 2260, 2521 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 692.121212, 886.27451, 763.939394 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
According to the text, what is Kendall’s R implementation complexity and the example observation count at which it can be slow?
O(n^2); 10,000 observations or more.
2408.09618
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 299, 1823, 2263, 2237 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 117.254902, 552.424242, 887.45098, 677.878788 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
According to the passage, besides precision, what is not sacrificed?
correct handling of corner cases
2408.09618
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 290, 2841, 2251, 2988 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 860.909091, 882.745098, 905.454545 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
Comparing steps 6 and 7, which tie-count variables are subtracted from m in each case for computing t and r(x, y)'s denominator?
Step 6: t_x, t_y; Step 7: m_x, m_y.
2408.09618
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 361, 725, 2254, 1447 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 141.568627, 219.69697, 883.921569, 438.484848 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
Which circled numbers label, in order: trust service providers authorized by regulators, revoking certificates, integrators, and signature creation?
①, ②, ③, ④
2408.14349
[ 4 ]
[ [ [ 278, 1685, 2128, 2692 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 109.019608, 510.606061, 834.509804, 815.757576 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
cs
Which single number labels both the APIs→Third-party Platforms link and the SFTP systems→Institutional Platforms link?
8
2408.14349
[ 5 ]
[ [ [ 322, 728, 2157, 2008 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 126.27451, 220.606061, 845.882353, 608.484848 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
cs
Which selected solution has different validity status between Türkiye and the European Union?
Remote Signature
2408.14349
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 293, 496, 2128, 930 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 150.30303, 834.509804, 281.818182 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
cs
Whose systematization inspired their methodology, and to what was it applied?
Simmons and colleagues; Qualified Electronic Signatures (QES).
2408.14349
[ 2 ]
[ [ [ 293, 1465, 2134, 1685 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 443.939394, 836.862745, 510.606061 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
Which three media are listed for creating qualified electronic signatures?
QES tokens, QES in the national IDs, mobile signatures.
2408.14349
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1054, 2119, 1159 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 319.393939, 830.980392, 351.212121 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
According to the paragraph and the caption, how many authorized offices does the cited operator have, which operator is it, and from which platform are the screenshots?
94; Vodafone; e-Devlet
2408.14349
[ 10 ]
[ [ [ 299, 554, 2137, 689 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 117.254902, 167.878788, 838.039216, 208.787879 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
The text expands JNLP in two ways; what single-word difference appears between them?
Launch versus Launching
2408.14349
[ 14 ]
[ [ [ 290, 1893, 2131, 2665 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 573.636364, 835.686275, 807.575758 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
Across the crops, what is the third institution listed, and what acronym labels the registered email address accessible after QES authentication?
Postal and telegraph organization; KEP.
2408.14349
[ 13 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2046, 2122, 2154 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 620, 832.156863, 652.727273 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
In the related work, what reference numbers are used for Truong and Minh-Tuan in their initial mention and in the later comparison?
15 and 14
2408.14349
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 293, 601, 2128, 1908 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 182.121212, 834.509804, 578.181818 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
According to the text, which step applies cognitive walkthroughs, and what specific relationship between ELS and QES is suggested?
Third step; ELS is a subset of QES.
2408.14349
[ 2 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1699, 2128, 1846 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 514.848485, 834.509804, 559.393939 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
cs
In the Lagrangian L(α_c, κ_{i,c}, λ), what are the summation ranges for the first double sum and for the λ-parentheses term, respectively?
i=1..n, c=1..C; c=1..C
2409.08773
[ 40 ]
[ [ [ 449, 1344, 2105, 2818 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 176.078431, 407.272727, 825.490196, 853.939394 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the 'Cluster 1' plot, what are the highest y-axis tick value and the leftmost x-axis tick label shown?
30 and 0.75
2409.08773
[ 28 ]
[ [ [ 463, 684, 1212, 1444 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 181.568627, 207.272727, 475.294118, 437.575758 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Between n=400 and n=800 in panel (a), which has the lower minimum Rand Index, and according to panel (b) what number of clusters is selected for that same n?
n=400; 4
2409.08773
[ 26 ]
[ [ [ 458, 957, 2105, 2031 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 179.607843, 290, 825.490196, 615.454545 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
What is the difference between Cluster 4’s highest Treatment tick and Cluster 5’s lowest Treatment tick?
0.25
2409.08773
[ 45 ]
[ [ [ 458, 1526, 2099, 2401 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 179.607843, 462.424242, 823.137255, 727.575758 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
At approximately Treatment=6 in the plot, which estimator has the highest predicted Outcome among the four curves?
Unweighted Est.
2409.08773
[ 7 ]
[ [ [ 443, 927, 2093, 2061 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 173.72549, 280.909091, 820.784314, 624.545455 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the CI-DRF minimization problem, what is the exact constraint on κ and which numbered equations must hold for optimal solutions?
∑_{c=1}^C κ_{i,c}=1; Equations (3) and (4).
2409.08773
[ 18 ]
[ [ [ 458, 1553, 2093, 2292 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 179.607843, 470.606061, 820.784314, 694.545455 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Figure B.16, which estimator’s partitions are evaluated by the Rand Index, and what single number of clusters is selected for both n=400 and n=800?
CI-DRF; 3
2409.08773
[ 46 ]
[ [ [ 466, 1294, 2093, 2354 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 182.745098, 392.121212, 820.784314, 713.333333 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Comparing the OLS summation and matrix forms, which index appears on κ in κ_{i,c}^{(init)} but not in (Z' κ_c^{(init)} Z)^{-1} Z κ_c^{(init)} y?
i
2409.08773
[ 19 ]
[ [ [ 449, 1808, 2084, 2560 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 176.078431, 547.878788, 817.254902, 775.757576 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
At EU funds per capita ≈400, order the three ADRF estimates from highest to lowest growth rate.
DCOW-weighted (green) > HI2004 (red) > Unweighted (purple)
2409.08773
[ 31 ]
[ [ [ 437, 1658, 2087, 2739 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 171.372549, 502.424242, 818.431373, 830 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Using the caption and the plot, which function is described as average, and what symbol labels it on the curve?
Dose-response; µ(t)
2409.08773
[ 13 ]
[ [ [ 551, 1186, 1946, 1984 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 216.078431, 359.393939, 763.137255, 601.212121 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Assumption 5, En[Z^T M_X ? Y] ≠ 0 appears in both parts. What symbol replaces '?' in parts i and ii, respectively?
G in i, A in ii.
2410.14317
[ 17 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1080, 1852, 1591 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 327.272727, 726.27451, 482.121212 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to Assumption 1 (Exchangeability), on which set is the permutation π defined?
{1,…,n} ∖ {i}
2410.14317
[ 6 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2193, 1652, 2574 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 664.545455, 647.843137, 780 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the restricted model, what are β_{k,d} (for k<d), β_{d,d}, and the d range these restrictions apply to?
β_-max/(d-1); β_{d,d}=β_max; d=1,...,5.
2410.14317
[ 21 ]
[ [ [ 296, 2480, 2269, 2953 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.078431, 751.515152, 889.803922, 894.848485 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Which equation number labels the full-rank matrix, and to which corollary are the authors’ different conditions related and in which assumption are they given?
Equation (9), Corollary 1, Assumption 4.
2410.14317
[ 13 ]
[ [ [ 284, 1570, 2260, 2563 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 111.372549, 475.757576, 886.27451, 776.666667 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to Theorem 2, which assumptions are invoked, and in the TSLS estimator expression, which summation uniquely has a 1/√n coefficient instead of 1/n?
Assumptions 2-4 and 6; the sum ∑ z_i Y_i.
2410.14317
[ 26 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1873, 1858, 2909 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 567.575758, 728.627451, 881.515152 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the theorem shown, which theorem establishes identification, what lower bound on n is given, and what is the equation number of the moment condition?
Theorem 1; n ≥ d(d+1)/2 + l; (11).
2410.14317
[ 15 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2345, 2284, 2888 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 710.606061, 895.686275, 875.151515 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Which identity-matrix symbol differs between the inverses defining θ and θ̃ rows?
I for θ; I_n for θ̃.
2410.14317
[ 32 ]
[ [ [ 290, 1520, 2257, 2624 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 460.606061, 885.098039, 795.151515 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the definition of β_ij(π), when A_ij = 1, by what exact summation equality is k determined?
∑_{j'=1}^{π^{-1}(j)} A_{iπ(j')} = k
2410.14317
[ 31 ]
[ [ [ 305, 1699, 2287, 2900 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 119.607843, 514.848485, 896.862745, 878.787879 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to the text under Eq. (2), from which set and by what ordering is Ỹi,k selected?
k-th lowest of {Y_j: j is a peer of i}
2410.14317
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 302, 939, 2257, 1732 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.431373, 284.545455, 885.098039, 524.848485 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
After aggregating across k and i, which exact constant multiplies ||y − y'||∞ in the final bound on ||g(y) − g(y')||∞?
β̄
2410.14317
[ 30 ]
[ [ [ 287, 733, 2260, 2680 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 112.54902, 222.121212, 886.27451, 812.121212 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Which variable has negative dy/dx in both services and shifts from 1% significance for shelling to 10% for ploughing?
Farm size; negative in both.
2411.15797
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 299, 1001, 2269, 2375 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 117.254902, 303.333333, 889.803922, 719.69697 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
Which constraint ranks last among 'No' respondents but second overall?
Machines not available
2411.15797
[ 14 ]
[ [ [ 302, 1738, 2222, 2783 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.431373, 526.666667, 871.372549, 843.333333 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
Comparing ploughing and shelling, what are the absolute differences in their 'Yes' and 'No' proportions, respectively?
0.01 and 0.01
2411.15797
[ 10 ]
[ [ [ 290, 484, 2301, 1652 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 113.72549, 146.666667, 902.352941, 500.606061 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Compute |(mean No − mean Yes) − reported Diff| from the table.
0.0001
2411.15797
[ 13 ]
[ [ [ 252, 1450, 2272, 1967 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 98.823529, 439.393939, 890.980392, 596.060606 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
What is the total number of respondents from the communities with hyphenated names?
31
2411.15797
[ 5 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2460, 2269, 2953 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 745.454545, 889.803922, 894.848485 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
In the table, which two independent variables have their expected-sign symbols placed before the variable names rather than in the Expected Sign column?
Farming_experience and Profit_per_acre
2411.15797
[ 7 ]
[ [ [ 293, 962, 2334, 2143 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 291.515152, 915.294118, 649.393939 ] ] ]
[ [ "table" ] ]
econ
According to the paragraph, which metric reveals the disparity between operational costs and revenue, and which financial indicator's mean is compared using a t-test?
Gross Profit Margin; net profit.
2411.15797
[ 7 ]
[ [ [ 270, 2207, 2251, 2451 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 105.882353, 668.787879, 882.745098, 742.727273 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
By how many points does the mean score of environmental regulations/concerns exceed that of financial issues?
3.75
2411.15797
[ 14 ]
[ [ [ 293, 936, 2266, 1271 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 283.636364, 888.627451, 385.151515 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
According to the excerpt, who is credited with propounding the Profit Maximization Theory and in what year?
Adam Smith, 2000
2411.15797
[ 3 ]
[ [ [ 299, 2442, 2257, 2856 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 117.254902, 740, 885.098039, 865.454545 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
According to the survey, how many of how many respondents used tractor services, and what percentage was this?
322 of 359 respondents, 89.7%.
2411.15797
[ 11 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2410, 2266, 2695 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.901961, 730.30303, 888.627451, 816.666667 ] ] ]
[ [ "text" ] ]
econ
According to Corollary 2, which two conditions are satisfied besides being a homogeneous, neutral, pairwise Condorcet extension?
optimist participation and positive responsiveness
2411.19857
[ 17 ]
[ [ [ 277, 1616, 2200, 1732 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 111.648529, 460.661345, 886.739218, 493.72862 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Which theorem number, and under which participation condition, states that a homogeneous Condorcet extension is a refinement of maximin?
Optimist participation; Theorem 5.
2411.19857
[ 14 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1164, 2197, 1282 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 115.679162, 331.812999, 885.530028, 365.450399 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to the proof, who is the Condorcet winner in P1, and what is f(P1+P2) after rearranging voters using anonymity?
c; {a}
2411.19857
[ 10 ]
[ [ [ 287, 1572, 2197, 3195 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 115.679162, 448.118586, 885.530028, 910.775371 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Across all blocks (Case 1, Case 2, and the unlabeled ones), what is the difference between the maximum number beside b and the smallest nonzero number beside c?
11
2411.19857
[ 12 ]
[ [ [ 596, 1223, 1956, 1482 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 240.225715, 348.631699, 788.391778, 422.462942 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
According to the excerpt, which lemma specifies when f equals maximin, and what two conditions on f are required?
Lemma 4; continuous and a refinement of maximin.
2411.19857
[ 18 ]
[ [ [ 290, 2833, 2200, 2943 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 116.888351, 807.582668, 886.739218, 838.939567 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In the definition of f_defensible(P), which variable is universally quantified and which is existentially quantified?
y universal; z existential.
2411.19857
[ 13 ]
[ [ [ 293, 2050, 2190, 2549 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 118.097541, 584.378563, 882.708585, 726.624857 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Across the first rows of profiles P7 and P8 (from P1+P2 and P1+P3), how many colored c's appear in total?
5
2411.19857
[ 9 ]
[ [ [ 283, 586, 2215, 2980 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.066909, 167.04675, 892.785167, 849.486887 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Corollary 3, besides optimist participation, which additional property ensures Nanson’s rule uniquely among homogeneous, neutral, pairwise strong Condorcet extensions?
tie-break positive responsiveness
2411.19857
[ 18 ]
[ [ [ 284, 2259, 2194, 2359 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.469972, 643.95667, 884.320838, 672.462942 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
In Theorem 6, which specific theorem and proposition from Holliday and Pacuit (2023c) are cited?
Theorem 3.8 and Proposition 3.10
2411.19857
[ 16 ]
[ [ [ 284, 736, 2190, 901 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 114.469972, 209.806157, 882.708585, 256.841505 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ
Which lemma number states that Leximin is the only neutral and pairwise refinement of maximin that satisfies positive responsiveness?
Lemma 2.
2411.19857
[ 16 ]
[ [ [ 287, 2147, 2190, 2247 ] ] ]
[ [ [ 115.679162, 612.029647, 882.708585, 640.535918 ] ] ]
[ [ "image" ] ]
econ