Add files using upload-large-folder tool

.gitattributes

@@ -665,3 +665,4 @@ llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy/ndimage/_nd_image.cpython-310-x86
 llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy/ndimage/_ni_label.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/scipy/integrate/__pycache__/_lebedev.cpython-310.pyc filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/fontTools/misc/bezierTools.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-310.pyc filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/contourpy-1.3.1.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/contourpy-1.3.1.dist-info/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2021-2024, ContourPy Developers.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+   contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+   this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/contourpy-1.3.1.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: contourpy
+Version: 1.3.1
+Summary: Python library for calculating contours of 2D quadrilateral grids
+Author-Email: Ian Thomas <ianthomas23@gmail.com>
+License: BSD 3-Clause License
+         
+         Copyright (c) 2021-2024, ContourPy Developers.
+         All rights reserved.
+         
+         Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+         modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+         
+         1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+            list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+         
+         2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+            this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+            and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+         
+         3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+            contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+            this software without specific prior written permission.
+         
+         THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+         AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+         IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+         DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+         FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+         DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+         SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+         CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+         OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+         OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+         
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License
+Classifier: Programming Language :: C++
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Information Analysis
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Visualization
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/contourpy/contourpy
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://contourpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://contourpy.readthedocs.io
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/contourpy/contourpy
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.23
+Provides-Extra: docs
+Requires-Dist: furo; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx>=7.2; extra == "docs"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-copybutton; extra == "docs"
+Provides-Extra: bokeh
+Requires-Dist: bokeh; extra == "bokeh"
+Requires-Dist: selenium; extra == "bokeh"
+Provides-Extra: mypy
+Requires-Dist: contourpy[bokeh,docs]; extra == "mypy"
+Requires-Dist: docutils-stubs; extra == "mypy"
+Requires-Dist: mypy==1.11.1; extra == "mypy"
+Requires-Dist: types-Pillow; extra == "mypy"
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: contourpy[test-no-images]; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: Pillow; extra == "test"
+Provides-Extra: test-no-images
+Requires-Dist: pytest; extra == "test-no-images"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov; extra == "test-no-images"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-rerunfailures; extra == "test-no-images"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist; extra == "test-no-images"
+Requires-Dist: wurlitzer; extra == "test-no-images"
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+<img alt="ContourPy" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/contourpy/contourpy/main/docs/_static/contourpy_logo_horiz.svg" height="90">
+
+ContourPy is a Python library for calculating contours of 2D quadrilateral grids.  It is written in C++11 and wrapped using pybind11.
+
+It contains the 2005 and 2014 algorithms used in Matplotlib as well as a newer algorithm that includes more features and is available in both serial and multithreaded versions.  It provides an easy way for Python libraries to use contouring algorithms without having to include Matplotlib as a dependency.
+
+  * **Documentation**: https://contourpy.readthedocs.io
+  * **Source code**: https://github.com/contourpy/contourpy
+
+| | |
+| --- | --- |
+| Latest release | [![PyPI version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/contourpy.svg?label=pypi&color=fdae61)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/contourpy) [![conda-forge version](https://img.shields.io/conda/v/conda-forge/contourpy.svg?label=conda-forge&color=a6d96a)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/contourpy) |
+| Downloads | [![PyPi downloads](https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/contourpy?label=pypi&style=flat&color=fdae61)](https://pepy.tech/project/contourpy) |
+| Python version | [![Platforms](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/contourpy?color=fdae61)](https://pypi.org/project/contourpy/) |
+| Coverage | [![Codecov](https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/gh/contourpy/contourpy?color=fdae61&label=codecov)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/contourpy/contourpy) |

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llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/contourpy-1.3.1.dist-info/WHEEL

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+Root-Is-Purelib: false
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+Tag: cp310-cp310-manylinux2014_x86_64
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llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/collections.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2582 @@
+"""
+Classes for the efficient drawing of large collections of objects that
+share most properties, e.g., a large number of line segments or
+polygons.
+
+The classes are not meant to be as flexible as their single element
+counterparts (e.g., you may not be able to select all line styles) but
+they are meant to be fast for common use cases (e.g., a large set of solid
+line segments).
+"""
+
+import itertools
+import functools
+import math
+from numbers import Number, Real
+import warnings
+
+import numpy as np
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from . import (_api, _path, artist, cbook, colorizer as mcolorizer, colors as mcolors,
+               _docstring, hatch as mhatch, lines as mlines, path as mpath, transforms)
+from ._enums import JoinStyle, CapStyle
+
+
+# "color" is excluded; it is a compound setter, and its docstring differs
+# in LineCollection.
+@_api.define_aliases({
+    "antialiased": ["antialiaseds", "aa"],
+    "edgecolor": ["edgecolors", "ec"],
+    "facecolor": ["facecolors", "fc"],
+    "linestyle": ["linestyles", "dashes", "ls"],
+    "linewidth": ["linewidths", "lw"],
+    "offset_transform": ["transOffset"],
+})
+class Collection(mcolorizer.ColorizingArtist):
+    r"""
+    Base class for Collections. Must be subclassed to be usable.
+
+    A Collection represents a sequence of `.Patch`\es that can be drawn
+    more efficiently together than individually. For example, when a single
+    path is being drawn repeatedly at different offsets, the renderer can
+    typically execute a ``draw_marker()`` call much more efficiently than a
+    series of repeated calls to ``draw_path()`` with the offsets put in
+    one-by-one.
+
+    Most properties of a collection can be configured per-element. Therefore,
+    Collections have "plural" versions of many of the properties of a `.Patch`
+    (e.g. `.Collection.get_paths` instead of `.Patch.get_path`). Exceptions are
+    the *zorder*, *hatch*, *pickradius*, *capstyle* and *joinstyle* properties,
+    which can only be set globally for the whole collection.
+
+    Besides these exceptions, all properties can be specified as single values
+    (applying to all elements) or sequences of values. The property of the
+    ``i``\th element of the collection is::
+
+      prop[i % len(prop)]
+
+    Each Collection can optionally be used as its own `.ScalarMappable` by
+    passing the *norm* and *cmap* parameters to its constructor. If the
+    Collection's `.ScalarMappable` matrix ``_A`` has been set (via a call
+    to `.Collection.set_array`), then at draw time this internal scalar
+    mappable will be used to set the ``facecolors`` and ``edgecolors``,
+    ignoring those that were manually passed in.
+    """
+    #: Either a list of 3x3 arrays or an Nx3x3 array (representing N
+    #: transforms), suitable for the `all_transforms` argument to
+    #: `~matplotlib.backend_bases.RendererBase.draw_path_collection`;
+    #: each 3x3 array is used to initialize an
+    #: `~matplotlib.transforms.Affine2D` object.
+    #: Each kind of collection defines this based on its arguments.
+    _transforms = np.empty((0, 3, 3))
+
+    # Whether to draw an edge by default.  Set on a
+    # subclass-by-subclass basis.
+    _edge_default = False
+
+    @_docstring.interpd
+    def __init__(self, *,
+                 edgecolors=None,
+                 facecolors=None,
+                 linewidths=None,
+                 linestyles='solid',
+                 capstyle=None,
+                 joinstyle=None,
+                 antialiaseds=None,
+                 offsets=None,
+                 offset_transform=None,
+                 norm=None,  # optional for ScalarMappable
+                 cmap=None,  # ditto
+                 colorizer=None,
+                 pickradius=5.0,
+                 hatch=None,
+                 urls=None,
+                 zorder=1,
+                 **kwargs
+                 ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        edgecolors : :mpltype:`color` or list of colors, default: :rc:`patch.edgecolor`
+            Edge color for each patch making up the collection. The special
+            value 'face' can be passed to make the edgecolor match the
+            facecolor.
+        facecolors : :mpltype:`color` or list of colors, default: :rc:`patch.facecolor`
+            Face color for each patch making up the collection.
+        linewidths : float or list of floats, default: :rc:`patch.linewidth`
+            Line width for each patch making up the collection.
+        linestyles : str or tuple or list thereof, default: 'solid'
+            Valid strings are ['solid', 'dashed', 'dashdot', 'dotted', '-',
+            '--', '-.', ':']. Dash tuples should be of the form::
+
+                (offset, onoffseq),
+
+            where *onoffseq* is an even length tuple of on and off ink lengths
+            in points. For examples, see
+            :doc:`/gallery/lines_bars_and_markers/linestyles`.
+        capstyle : `.CapStyle`-like, default: 'butt'
+            Style to use for capping lines for all paths in the collection.
+            Allowed values are %(CapStyle)s.
+        joinstyle : `.JoinStyle`-like, default: 'round'
+            Style to use for joining lines for all paths in the collection.
+            Allowed values are %(JoinStyle)s.
+        antialiaseds : bool or list of bool, default: :rc:`patch.antialiased`
+            Whether each patch in the collection should be drawn with
+            antialiasing.
+        offsets : (float, float) or list thereof, default: (0, 0)
+            A vector by which to translate each patch after rendering (default
+            is no translation). The translation is performed in screen (pixel)
+            coordinates (i.e. after the Artist's transform is applied).
+        offset_transform : `~.Transform`, default: `.IdentityTransform`
+            A single transform which will be applied to each *offsets* vector
+            before it is used.
+        cmap, norm
+            Data normalization and colormapping parameters. See
+            `.ScalarMappable` for a detailed description.
+        hatch : str, optional
+            Hatching pattern to use in filled paths, if any. Valid strings are
+            ['/', '\\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', 'o', 'O', '.', '*']. See
+            :doc:`/gallery/shapes_and_collections/hatch_style_reference` for
+            the meaning of each hatch type.
+        pickradius : float, default: 5.0
+            If ``pickradius <= 0``, then `.Collection.contains` will return
+            ``True`` whenever the test point is inside of one of the polygons
+            formed by the control points of a Path in the Collection. On the
+            other hand, if it is greater than 0, then we instead check if the
+            test point is contained in a stroke of width ``2*pickradius``
+            following any of the Paths in the Collection.
+        urls : list of str, default: None
+            A URL for each patch to link to once drawn. Currently only works
+            for the SVG backend. See :doc:`/gallery/misc/hyperlinks_sgskip` for
+            examples.
+        zorder : float, default: 1
+            The drawing order, shared by all Patches in the Collection. See
+            :doc:`/gallery/misc/zorder_demo` for all defaults and examples.
+        **kwargs
+            Remaining keyword arguments will be used to set properties as
+            ``Collection.set_{key}(val)`` for each key-value pair in *kwargs*.
+        """
+
+        super().__init__(self._get_colorizer(cmap, norm, colorizer))
+        # list of un-scaled dash patterns
+        # this is needed scaling the dash pattern by linewidth
+        self._us_linestyles = [(0, None)]
+        # list of dash patterns
+        self._linestyles = [(0, None)]
+        # list of unbroadcast/scaled linewidths
+        self._us_lw = [0]
+        self._linewidths = [0]
+
+        self._gapcolor = None  # Currently only used by LineCollection.
+
+        # Flags set by _set_mappable_flags: are colors from mapping an array?
+        self._face_is_mapped = None
+        self._edge_is_mapped = None
+        self._mapped_colors = None  # calculated in update_scalarmappable
+        self._hatch_color = mcolors.to_rgba(mpl.rcParams['hatch.color'])
+        self._hatch_linewidth = mpl.rcParams['hatch.linewidth']
+        self.set_facecolor(facecolors)
+        self.set_edgecolor(edgecolors)
+        self.set_linewidth(linewidths)
+        self.set_linestyle(linestyles)
+        self.set_antialiased(antialiaseds)
+        self.set_pickradius(pickradius)
+        self.set_urls(urls)
+        self.set_hatch(hatch)
+        self.set_zorder(zorder)
+
+        if capstyle:
+            self.set_capstyle(capstyle)
+        else:
+            self._capstyle = None
+
+        if joinstyle:
+            self.set_joinstyle(joinstyle)
+        else:
+            self._joinstyle = None
+
+        if offsets is not None:
+            offsets = np.asanyarray(offsets, float)
+            # Broadcast (2,) -> (1, 2) but nothing else.
+            if offsets.shape == (2,):
+                offsets = offsets[None, :]
+
+        self._offsets = offsets
+        self._offset_transform = offset_transform
+
+        self._path_effects = None
+        self._internal_update(kwargs)
+        self._paths = None
+
+    def get_paths(self):
+        return self._paths
+
+    def set_paths(self, paths):
+        self._paths = paths
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_transforms(self):
+        return self._transforms
+
+    def get_offset_transform(self):
+        """Return the `.Transform` instance used by this artist offset."""
+        if self._offset_transform is None:
+            self._offset_transform = transforms.IdentityTransform()
+        elif (not isinstance(self._offset_transform, transforms.Transform)
+              and hasattr(self._offset_transform, '_as_mpl_transform')):
+            self._offset_transform = \
+                self._offset_transform._as_mpl_transform(self.axes)
+        return self._offset_transform
+
+    def set_offset_transform(self, offset_transform):
+        """
+        Set the artist offset transform.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        offset_transform : `.Transform`
+        """
+        self._offset_transform = offset_transform
+
+    def get_datalim(self, transData):
+        # Calculate the data limits and return them as a `.Bbox`.
+        #
+        # This operation depends on the transforms for the data in the
+        # collection and whether the collection has offsets:
+        #
+        # 1. offsets = None, transform child of transData: use the paths for
+        # the automatic limits (i.e. for LineCollection in streamline).
+        # 2. offsets != None: offset_transform is child of transData:
+        #
+        #    a. transform is child of transData: use the path + offset for
+        #       limits (i.e for bar).
+        #    b. transform is not a child of transData: just use the offsets
+        #       for the limits (i.e. for scatter)
+        #
+        # 3. otherwise return a null Bbox.
+
+        transform = self.get_transform()
+        offset_trf = self.get_offset_transform()
+        if not (isinstance(offset_trf, transforms.IdentityTransform)
+                or offset_trf.contains_branch(transData)):
+            # if the offsets are in some coords other than data,
+            # then don't use them for autoscaling.
+            return transforms.Bbox.null()
+
+        paths = self.get_paths()
+        if not len(paths):
+            # No paths to transform
+            return transforms.Bbox.null()
+
+        if not transform.is_affine:
+            paths = [transform.transform_path_non_affine(p) for p in paths]
+            # Don't convert transform to transform.get_affine() here because
+            # we may have transform.contains_branch(transData) but not
+            # transforms.get_affine().contains_branch(transData).  But later,
+            # be careful to only apply the affine part that remains.
+
+        offsets = self.get_offsets()
+
+        if any(transform.contains_branch_seperately(transData)):
+            # collections that are just in data units (like quiver)
+            # can properly have the axes limits set by their shape +
+            # offset.  LineCollections that have no offsets can
+            # also use this algorithm (like streamplot).
+            if isinstance(offsets, np.ma.MaskedArray):
+                offsets = offsets.filled(np.nan)
+                # get_path_collection_extents handles nan but not masked arrays
+            return mpath.get_path_collection_extents(
+                transform.get_affine() - transData, paths,
+                self.get_transforms(),
+                offset_trf.transform_non_affine(offsets),
+                offset_trf.get_affine().frozen())
+
+        # NOTE: None is the default case where no offsets were passed in
+        if self._offsets is not None:
+            # this is for collections that have their paths (shapes)
+            # in physical, axes-relative, or figure-relative units
+            # (i.e. like scatter). We can't uniquely set limits based on
+            # those shapes, so we just set the limits based on their
+            # location.
+            offsets = (offset_trf - transData).transform(offsets)
+            # note A-B means A B^{-1}
+            offsets = np.ma.masked_invalid(offsets)
+            if not offsets.mask.all():
+                bbox = transforms.Bbox.null()
+                bbox.update_from_data_xy(offsets)
+                return bbox
+        return transforms.Bbox.null()
+
+    def get_window_extent(self, renderer=None):
+        # TODO: check to ensure that this does not fail for
+        # cases other than scatter plot legend
+        return self.get_datalim(transforms.IdentityTransform())
+
+    def _prepare_points(self):
+        # Helper for drawing and hit testing.
+
+        transform = self.get_transform()
+        offset_trf = self.get_offset_transform()
+        offsets = self.get_offsets()
+        paths = self.get_paths()
+
+        if self.have_units():
+            paths = []
+            for path in self.get_paths():
+                vertices = path.vertices
+                xs, ys = vertices[:, 0], vertices[:, 1]
+                xs = self.convert_xunits(xs)
+                ys = self.convert_yunits(ys)
+                paths.append(mpath.Path(np.column_stack([xs, ys]), path.codes))
+            xs = self.convert_xunits(offsets[:, 0])
+            ys = self.convert_yunits(offsets[:, 1])
+            offsets = np.ma.column_stack([xs, ys])
+
+        if not transform.is_affine:
+            paths = [transform.transform_path_non_affine(path)
+                     for path in paths]
+            transform = transform.get_affine()
+        if not offset_trf.is_affine:
+            offsets = offset_trf.transform_non_affine(offsets)
+            # This might have changed an ndarray into a masked array.
+            offset_trf = offset_trf.get_affine()
+
+        if isinstance(offsets, np.ma.MaskedArray):
+            offsets = offsets.filled(np.nan)
+            # Changing from a masked array to nan-filled ndarray
+            # is probably most efficient at this point.
+
+        return transform, offset_trf, offsets, paths
+
+    @artist.allow_rasterization
+    def draw(self, renderer):
+        if not self.get_visible():
+            return
+        renderer.open_group(self.__class__.__name__, self.get_gid())
+
+        self.update_scalarmappable()
+
+        transform, offset_trf, offsets, paths = self._prepare_points()
+
+        gc = renderer.new_gc()
+        self._set_gc_clip(gc)
+        gc.set_snap(self.get_snap())
+
+        if self._hatch:
+            gc.set_hatch(self._hatch)
+            gc.set_hatch_color(self._hatch_color)
+            gc.set_hatch_linewidth(self._hatch_linewidth)
+
+        if self.get_sketch_params() is not None:
+            gc.set_sketch_params(*self.get_sketch_params())
+
+        if self.get_path_effects():
+            from matplotlib.patheffects import PathEffectRenderer
+            renderer = PathEffectRenderer(self.get_path_effects(), renderer)
+
+        # If the collection is made up of a single shape/color/stroke,
+        # it can be rendered once and blitted multiple times, using
+        # `draw_markers` rather than `draw_path_collection`.  This is
+        # *much* faster for Agg, and results in smaller file sizes in
+        # PDF/SVG/PS.
+
+        trans = self.get_transforms()
+        facecolors = self.get_facecolor()
+        edgecolors = self.get_edgecolor()
+        do_single_path_optimization = False
+        if (len(paths) == 1 and len(trans) <= 1 and
+                len(facecolors) == 1 and len(edgecolors) == 1 and
+                len(self._linewidths) == 1 and
+                all(ls[1] is None for ls in self._linestyles) and
+                len(self._antialiaseds) == 1 and len(self._urls) == 1 and
+                self.get_hatch() is None):
+            if len(trans):
+                combined_transform = transforms.Affine2D(trans[0]) + transform
+            else:
+                combined_transform = transform
+            extents = paths[0].get_extents(combined_transform)
+            if (extents.width < self.get_figure(root=True).bbox.width
+                    and extents.height < self.get_figure(root=True).bbox.height):
+                do_single_path_optimization = True
+
+        if self._joinstyle:
+            gc.set_joinstyle(self._joinstyle)
+
+        if self._capstyle:
+            gc.set_capstyle(self._capstyle)
+
+        if do_single_path_optimization:
+            gc.set_foreground(tuple(edgecolors[0]))
+            gc.set_linewidth(self._linewidths[0])
+            gc.set_dashes(*self._linestyles[0])
+            gc.set_antialiased(self._antialiaseds[0])
+            gc.set_url(self._urls[0])
+            renderer.draw_markers(
+                gc, paths[0], combined_transform.frozen(),
+                mpath.Path(offsets), offset_trf, tuple(facecolors[0]))
+        else:
+            if self._gapcolor is not None:
+                # First draw paths within the gaps.
+                ipaths, ilinestyles = self._get_inverse_paths_linestyles()
+                renderer.draw_path_collection(
+                    gc, transform.frozen(), ipaths,
+                    self.get_transforms(), offsets, offset_trf,
+                    [mcolors.to_rgba("none")], self._gapcolor,
+                    self._linewidths, ilinestyles,
+                    self._antialiaseds, self._urls,
+                    "screen")
+
+            renderer.draw_path_collection(
+                gc, transform.frozen(), paths,
+                self.get_transforms(), offsets, offset_trf,
+                self.get_facecolor(), self.get_edgecolor(),
+                self._linewidths, self._linestyles,
+                self._antialiaseds, self._urls,
+                "screen")  # offset_position, kept for backcompat.
+
+        gc.restore()
+        renderer.close_group(self.__class__.__name__)
+        self.stale = False
+
+    def set_pickradius(self, pickradius):
+        """
+        Set the pick radius used for containment tests.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        pickradius : float
+            Pick radius, in points.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(pickradius, Real):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"pickradius must be a real-valued number, not {pickradius!r}")
+        self._pickradius = pickradius
+
+    def get_pickradius(self):
+        return self._pickradius
+
+    def contains(self, mouseevent):
+        """
+        Test whether the mouse event occurred in the collection.
+
+        Returns ``bool, dict(ind=itemlist)``, where every item in itemlist
+        contains the event.
+        """
+        if self._different_canvas(mouseevent) or not self.get_visible():
+            return False, {}
+        pickradius = (
+            float(self._picker)
+            if isinstance(self._picker, Number) and
+               self._picker is not True  # the bool, not just nonzero or 1
+            else self._pickradius)
+        if self.axes:
+            self.axes._unstale_viewLim()
+        transform, offset_trf, offsets, paths = self._prepare_points()
+        # Tests if the point is contained on one of the polygons formed
+        # by the control points of each of the paths. A point is considered
+        # "on" a path if it would lie within a stroke of width 2*pickradius
+        # following the path. If pickradius <= 0, then we instead simply check
+        # if the point is *inside* of the path instead.
+        ind = _path.point_in_path_collection(
+            mouseevent.x, mouseevent.y, pickradius,
+            transform.frozen(), paths, self.get_transforms(),
+            offsets, offset_trf, pickradius <= 0)
+        return len(ind) > 0, dict(ind=ind)
+
+    def set_urls(self, urls):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        urls : list of str or None
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        URLs are currently only implemented by the SVG backend. They are
+        ignored by all other backends.
+        """
+        self._urls = urls if urls is not None else [None]
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_urls(self):
+        """
+        Return a list of URLs, one for each element of the collection.
+
+        The list contains *None* for elements without a URL. See
+        :doc:`/gallery/misc/hyperlinks_sgskip` for an example.
+        """
+        return self._urls
+
+    def set_hatch(self, hatch):
+        r"""
+        Set the hatching pattern
+
+        *hatch* can be one of::
+
+          /   - diagonal hatching
+          \   - back diagonal
+          |   - vertical
+          -   - horizontal
+          +   - crossed
+          x   - crossed diagonal
+          o   - small circle
+          O   - large circle
+          .   - dots
+          *   - stars
+
+        Letters can be combined, in which case all the specified
+        hatchings are done.  If same letter repeats, it increases the
+        density of hatching of that pattern.
+
+        Unlike other properties such as linewidth and colors, hatching
+        can only be specified for the collection as a whole, not separately
+        for each member.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        hatch : {'/', '\\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', 'o', 'O', '.', '*'}
+        """
+        # Use validate_hatch(list) after deprecation.
+        mhatch._validate_hatch_pattern(hatch)
+        self._hatch = hatch
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_hatch(self):
+        """Return the current hatching pattern."""
+        return self._hatch
+
+    def set_hatch_linewidth(self, lw):
+        """Set the hatch linewidth."""
+        self._hatch_linewidth = lw
+
+    def get_hatch_linewidth(self):
+        """Return the hatch linewidth."""
+        return self._hatch_linewidth
+
+    def set_offsets(self, offsets):
+        """
+        Set the offsets for the collection.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        offsets : (N, 2) or (2,) array-like
+        """
+        offsets = np.asanyarray(offsets)
+        if offsets.shape == (2,):  # Broadcast (2,) -> (1, 2) but nothing else.
+            offsets = offsets[None, :]
+        cstack = (np.ma.column_stack if isinstance(offsets, np.ma.MaskedArray)
+                  else np.column_stack)
+        self._offsets = cstack(
+            (np.asanyarray(self.convert_xunits(offsets[:, 0]), float),
+             np.asanyarray(self.convert_yunits(offsets[:, 1]), float)))
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_offsets(self):
+        """Return the offsets for the collection."""
+        # Default to zeros in the no-offset (None) case
+        return np.zeros((1, 2)) if self._offsets is None else self._offsets
+
+    def _get_default_linewidth(self):
+        # This may be overridden in a subclass.
+        return mpl.rcParams['patch.linewidth']  # validated as float
+
+    def set_linewidth(self, lw):
+        """
+        Set the linewidth(s) for the collection.  *lw* can be a scalar
+        or a sequence; if it is a sequence the patches will cycle
+        through the sequence
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        lw : float or list of floats
+        """
+        if lw is None:
+            lw = self._get_default_linewidth()
+        # get the un-scaled/broadcast lw
+        self._us_lw = np.atleast_1d(lw)
+
+        # scale all of the dash patterns.
+        self._linewidths, self._linestyles = self._bcast_lwls(
+            self._us_lw, self._us_linestyles)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_linestyle(self, ls):
+        """
+        Set the linestyle(s) for the collection.
+
+        ===========================   =================
+        linestyle                     description
+        ===========================   =================
+        ``'-'`` or ``'solid'``        solid line
+        ``'--'`` or  ``'dashed'``     dashed line
+        ``'-.'`` or  ``'dashdot'``    dash-dotted line
+        ``':'`` or ``'dotted'``       dotted line
+        ===========================   =================
+
+        Alternatively a dash tuple of the following form can be provided::
+
+            (offset, onoffseq),
+
+        where ``onoffseq`` is an even length tuple of on and off ink in points.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ls : str or tuple or list thereof
+            Valid values for individual linestyles include {'-', '--', '-.',
+            ':', '', (offset, on-off-seq)}. See `.Line2D.set_linestyle` for a
+            complete description.
+        """
+        try:
+            dashes = [mlines._get_dash_pattern(ls)]
+        except ValueError:
+            try:
+                dashes = [mlines._get_dash_pattern(x) for x in ls]
+            except ValueError as err:
+                emsg = f'Do not know how to convert {ls!r} to dashes'
+                raise ValueError(emsg) from err
+
+        # get the list of raw 'unscaled' dash patterns
+        self._us_linestyles = dashes
+
+        # broadcast and scale the lw and dash patterns
+        self._linewidths, self._linestyles = self._bcast_lwls(
+            self._us_lw, self._us_linestyles)
+
+    @_docstring.interpd
+    def set_capstyle(self, cs):
+        """
+        Set the `.CapStyle` for the collection (for all its elements).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        cs : `.CapStyle` or %(CapStyle)s
+        """
+        self._capstyle = CapStyle(cs)
+
+    @_docstring.interpd
+    def get_capstyle(self):
+        """
+        Return the cap style for the collection (for all its elements).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        %(CapStyle)s or None
+        """
+        return self._capstyle.name if self._capstyle else None
+
+    @_docstring.interpd
+    def set_joinstyle(self, js):
+        """
+        Set the `.JoinStyle` for the collection (for all its elements).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        js : `.JoinStyle` or %(JoinStyle)s
+        """
+        self._joinstyle = JoinStyle(js)
+
+    @_docstring.interpd
+    def get_joinstyle(self):
+        """
+        Return the join style for the collection (for all its elements).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        %(JoinStyle)s or None
+        """
+        return self._joinstyle.name if self._joinstyle else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _bcast_lwls(linewidths, dashes):
+        """
+        Internal helper function to broadcast + scale ls/lw
+
+        In the collection drawing code, the linewidth and linestyle are cycled
+        through as circular buffers (via ``v[i % len(v)]``).  Thus, if we are
+        going to scale the dash pattern at set time (not draw time) we need to
+        do the broadcasting now and expand both lists to be the same length.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        linewidths : list
+            line widths of collection
+        dashes : list
+            dash specification (offset, (dash pattern tuple))
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        linewidths, dashes : list
+            Will be the same length, dashes are scaled by paired linewidth
+        """
+        if mpl.rcParams['_internal.classic_mode']:
+            return linewidths, dashes
+        # make sure they are the same length so we can zip them
+        if len(dashes) != len(linewidths):
+            l_dashes = len(dashes)
+            l_lw = len(linewidths)
+            gcd = math.gcd(l_dashes, l_lw)
+            dashes = list(dashes) * (l_lw // gcd)
+            linewidths = list(linewidths) * (l_dashes // gcd)
+
+        # scale the dash patterns
+        dashes = [mlines._scale_dashes(o, d, lw)
+                  for (o, d), lw in zip(dashes, linewidths)]
+
+        return linewidths, dashes
+
+    def get_antialiased(self):
+        """
+        Get the antialiasing state for rendering.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        array of bools
+        """
+        return self._antialiaseds
+
+    def set_antialiased(self, aa):
+        """
+        Set the antialiasing state for rendering.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        aa : bool or list of bools
+        """
+        if aa is None:
+            aa = self._get_default_antialiased()
+        self._antialiaseds = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(aa, bool))
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def _get_default_antialiased(self):
+        # This may be overridden in a subclass.
+        return mpl.rcParams['patch.antialiased']
+
+    def set_color(self, c):
+        """
+        Set both the edgecolor and the facecolor.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : :mpltype:`color` or list of RGBA tuples
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        Collection.set_facecolor, Collection.set_edgecolor
+            For setting the edge or face color individually.
+        """
+        self.set_facecolor(c)
+        self.set_edgecolor(c)
+
+    def _get_default_facecolor(self):
+        # This may be overridden in a subclass.
+        return mpl.rcParams['patch.facecolor']
+
+    def _set_facecolor(self, c):
+        if c is None:
+            c = self._get_default_facecolor()
+
+        self._facecolors = mcolors.to_rgba_array(c, self._alpha)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_facecolor(self, c):
+        """
+        Set the facecolor(s) of the collection. *c* can be a color (all patches
+        have same color), or a sequence of colors; if it is a sequence the
+        patches will cycle through the sequence.
+
+        If *c* is 'none', the patch will not be filled.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : :mpltype:`color` or list of :mpltype:`color`
+        """
+        if isinstance(c, str) and c.lower() in ("none", "face"):
+            c = c.lower()
+        self._original_facecolor = c
+        self._set_facecolor(c)
+
+    def get_facecolor(self):
+        return self._facecolors
+
+    def get_edgecolor(self):
+        if cbook._str_equal(self._edgecolors, 'face'):
+            return self.get_facecolor()
+        else:
+            return self._edgecolors
+
+    def _get_default_edgecolor(self):
+        # This may be overridden in a subclass.
+        return mpl.rcParams['patch.edgecolor']
+
+    def _set_edgecolor(self, c):
+        set_hatch_color = True
+        if c is None:
+            if (mpl.rcParams['patch.force_edgecolor']
+                    or self._edge_default
+                    or cbook._str_equal(self._original_facecolor, 'none')):
+                c = self._get_default_edgecolor()
+            else:
+                c = 'none'
+                set_hatch_color = False
+        if cbook._str_lower_equal(c, 'face'):
+            self._edgecolors = 'face'
+            self.stale = True
+            return
+        self._edgecolors = mcolors.to_rgba_array(c, self._alpha)
+        if set_hatch_color and len(self._edgecolors):
+            self._hatch_color = tuple(self._edgecolors[0])
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_edgecolor(self, c):
+        """
+        Set the edgecolor(s) of the collection.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : :mpltype:`color` or list of :mpltype:`color` or 'face'
+            The collection edgecolor(s).  If a sequence, the patches cycle
+            through it.  If 'face', match the facecolor.
+        """
+        # We pass through a default value for use in LineCollection.
+        # This allows us to maintain None as the default indicator in
+        # _original_edgecolor.
+        if isinstance(c, str) and c.lower() in ("none", "face"):
+            c = c.lower()
+        self._original_edgecolor = c
+        self._set_edgecolor(c)
+
+    def set_alpha(self, alpha):
+        """
+        Set the transparency of the collection.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        alpha : float or array of float or None
+            If not None, *alpha* values must be between 0 and 1, inclusive.
+            If an array is provided, its length must match the number of
+            elements in the collection.  Masked values and nans are not
+            supported.
+        """
+        artist.Artist._set_alpha_for_array(self, alpha)
+        self._set_facecolor(self._original_facecolor)
+        self._set_edgecolor(self._original_edgecolor)
+
+    set_alpha.__doc__ = artist.Artist._set_alpha_for_array.__doc__
+
+    def get_linewidth(self):
+        return self._linewidths
+
+    def get_linestyle(self):
+        return self._linestyles
+
+    def _set_mappable_flags(self):
+        """
+        Determine whether edges and/or faces are color-mapped.
+
+        This is a helper for update_scalarmappable.
+        It sets Boolean flags '_edge_is_mapped' and '_face_is_mapped'.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        mapping_change : bool
+            True if either flag is True, or if a flag has changed.
+        """
+        # The flags are initialized to None to ensure this returns True
+        # the first time it is called.
+        edge0 = self._edge_is_mapped
+        face0 = self._face_is_mapped
+        # After returning, the flags must be Booleans, not None.
+        self._edge_is_mapped = False
+        self._face_is_mapped = False
+        if self._A is not None:
+            if not cbook._str_equal(self._original_facecolor, 'none'):
+                self._face_is_mapped = True
+                if cbook._str_equal(self._original_edgecolor, 'face'):
+                    self._edge_is_mapped = True
+            else:
+                if self._original_edgecolor is None:
+                    self._edge_is_mapped = True
+
+        mapped = self._face_is_mapped or self._edge_is_mapped
+        changed = (edge0 is None or face0 is None
+                   or self._edge_is_mapped != edge0
+                   or self._face_is_mapped != face0)
+        return mapped or changed
+
+    def update_scalarmappable(self):
+        """
+        Update colors from the scalar mappable array, if any.
+
+        Assign colors to edges and faces based on the array and/or
+        colors that were directly set, as appropriate.
+        """
+        if not self._set_mappable_flags():
+            return
+        # Allow possibility to call 'self.set_array(None)'.
+        if self._A is not None:
+            # QuadMesh can map 2d arrays (but pcolormesh supplies 1d array)
+            if self._A.ndim > 1 and not isinstance(self, _MeshData):
+                raise ValueError('Collections can only map rank 1 arrays')
+            if np.iterable(self._alpha):
+                if self._alpha.size != self._A.size:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f'Data array shape, {self._A.shape} '
+                        'is incompatible with alpha array shape, '
+                        f'{self._alpha.shape}. '
+                        'This can occur with the deprecated '
+                        'behavior of the "flat" shading option, '
+                        'in which a row and/or column of the data '
+                        'array is dropped.')
+                # pcolormesh, scatter, maybe others flatten their _A
+                self._alpha = self._alpha.reshape(self._A.shape)
+            self._mapped_colors = self.to_rgba(self._A, self._alpha)
+
+        if self._face_is_mapped:
+            self._facecolors = self._mapped_colors
+        else:
+            self._set_facecolor(self._original_facecolor)
+        if self._edge_is_mapped:
+            self._edgecolors = self._mapped_colors
+        else:
+            self._set_edgecolor(self._original_edgecolor)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_fill(self):
+        """Return whether face is colored."""
+        return not cbook._str_lower_equal(self._original_facecolor, "none")
+
+    def update_from(self, other):
+        """Copy properties from other to self."""
+
+        artist.Artist.update_from(self, other)
+        self._antialiaseds = other._antialiaseds
+        self._mapped_colors = other._mapped_colors
+        self._edge_is_mapped = other._edge_is_mapped
+        self._original_edgecolor = other._original_edgecolor
+        self._edgecolors = other._edgecolors
+        self._face_is_mapped = other._face_is_mapped
+        self._original_facecolor = other._original_facecolor
+        self._facecolors = other._facecolors
+        self._linewidths = other._linewidths
+        self._linestyles = other._linestyles
+        self._us_linestyles = other._us_linestyles
+        self._pickradius = other._pickradius
+        self._hatch = other._hatch
+
+        # update_from for scalarmappable
+        self._A = other._A
+        self.norm = other.norm
+        self.cmap = other.cmap
+        self.stale = True
+
+
+class _CollectionWithSizes(Collection):
+    """
+    Base class for collections that have an array of sizes.
+    """
+    _factor = 1.0
+
+    def get_sizes(self):
+        """
+        Return the sizes ('areas') of the elements in the collection.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        array
+            The 'area' of each element.
+        """
+        return self._sizes
+
+    def set_sizes(self, sizes, dpi=72.0):
+        """
+        Set the sizes of each member of the collection.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sizes : `numpy.ndarray` or None
+            The size to set for each element of the collection.  The
+            value is the 'area' of the element.
+        dpi : float, default: 72
+            The dpi of the canvas.
+        """
+        if sizes is None:
+            self._sizes = np.array([])
+            self._transforms = np.empty((0, 3, 3))
+        else:
+            self._sizes = np.asarray(sizes)
+            self._transforms = np.zeros((len(self._sizes), 3, 3))
+            scale = np.sqrt(self._sizes) * dpi / 72.0 * self._factor
+            self._transforms[:, 0, 0] = scale
+            self._transforms[:, 1, 1] = scale
+            self._transforms[:, 2, 2] = 1.0
+        self.stale = True
+
+    @artist.allow_rasterization
+    def draw(self, renderer):
+        self.set_sizes(self._sizes, self.get_figure(root=True).dpi)
+        super().draw(renderer)
+
+
+class PathCollection(_CollectionWithSizes):
+    r"""
+    A collection of `~.path.Path`\s, as created by e.g. `~.Axes.scatter`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, paths, sizes=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        paths : list of `.path.Path`
+            The paths that will make up the `.Collection`.
+        sizes : array-like
+            The factor by which to scale each drawn `~.path.Path`. One unit
+            squared in the Path's data space is scaled to be ``sizes**2``
+            points when rendered.
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.Collection`.
+        """
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.set_paths(paths)
+        self.set_sizes(sizes)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_paths(self):
+        return self._paths
+
+    def legend_elements(self, prop="colors", num="auto",
+                        fmt=None, func=lambda x: x, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create legend handles and labels for a PathCollection.
+
+        Each legend handle is a `.Line2D` representing the Path that was drawn,
+        and each label is a string that represents the Path.
+
+        This is useful for obtaining a legend for a `~.Axes.scatter` plot;
+        e.g.::
+
+            scatter = plt.scatter([1, 2, 3],  [4, 5, 6],  c=[7, 2, 3], num=None)
+            plt.legend(*scatter.legend_elements())
+
+        creates three legend elements, one for each color with the numerical
+        values passed to *c* as the labels.
+
+        Also see the :ref:`automatedlegendcreation` example.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        prop : {"colors", "sizes"}, default: "colors"
+            If "colors", the legend handles will show the different colors of
+            the collection. If "sizes", the legend will show the different
+            sizes. To set both, use *kwargs* to directly edit the `.Line2D`
+            properties.
+        num : int, None, "auto" (default), array-like, or `~.ticker.Locator`
+            Target number of elements to create.
+            If None, use all unique elements of the mappable array. If an
+            integer, target to use *num* elements in the normed range.
+            If *"auto"*, try to determine which option better suits the nature
+            of the data.
+            The number of created elements may slightly deviate from *num* due
+            to a `~.ticker.Locator` being used to find useful locations.
+            If a list or array, use exactly those elements for the legend.
+            Finally, a `~.ticker.Locator` can be provided.
+        fmt : str, `~matplotlib.ticker.Formatter`, or None (default)
+            The format or formatter to use for the labels. If a string must be
+            a valid input for a `.StrMethodFormatter`. If None (the default),
+            use a `.ScalarFormatter`.
+        func : function, default: ``lambda x: x``
+            Function to calculate the labels.  Often the size (or color)
+            argument to `~.Axes.scatter` will have been pre-processed by the
+            user using a function ``s = f(x)`` to make the markers visible;
+            e.g. ``size = np.log10(x)``.  Providing the inverse of this
+            function here allows that pre-processing to be inverted, so that
+            the legend labels have the correct values; e.g. ``func = lambda
+            x: 10**x``.
+        **kwargs
+            Allowed keyword arguments are *color* and *size*. E.g. it may be
+            useful to set the color of the markers if *prop="sizes"* is used;
+            similarly to set the size of the markers if *prop="colors"* is
+            used. Any further parameters are passed onto the `.Line2D`
+            instance. This may be useful to e.g. specify a different
+            *markeredgecolor* or *alpha* for the legend handles.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        handles : list of `.Line2D`
+            Visual representation of each element of the legend.
+        labels : list of str
+            The string labels for elements of the legend.
+        """
+        handles = []
+        labels = []
+        hasarray = self.get_array() is not None
+        if fmt is None:
+            fmt = mpl.ticker.ScalarFormatter(useOffset=False, useMathText=True)
+        elif isinstance(fmt, str):
+            fmt = mpl.ticker.StrMethodFormatter(fmt)
+        fmt.create_dummy_axis()
+
+        if prop == "colors":
+            if not hasarray:
+                warnings.warn("Collection without array used. Make sure to "
+                              "specify the values to be colormapped via the "
+                              "`c` argument.")
+                return handles, labels
+            u = np.unique(self.get_array())
+            size = kwargs.pop("size", mpl.rcParams["lines.markersize"])
+        elif prop == "sizes":
+            u = np.unique(self.get_sizes())
+            color = kwargs.pop("color", "k")
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Valid values for `prop` are 'colors' or "
+                             f"'sizes'. You supplied '{prop}' instead.")
+
+        fu = func(u)
+        fmt.axis.set_view_interval(fu.min(), fu.max())
+        fmt.axis.set_data_interval(fu.min(), fu.max())
+        if num == "auto":
+            num = 9
+            if len(u) <= num:
+                num = None
+        if num is None:
+            values = u
+            label_values = func(values)
+        else:
+            if prop == "colors":
+                arr = self.get_array()
+            elif prop == "sizes":
+                arr = self.get_sizes()
+            if isinstance(num, mpl.ticker.Locator):
+                loc = num
+            elif np.iterable(num):
+                loc = mpl.ticker.FixedLocator(num)
+            else:
+                num = int(num)
+                loc = mpl.ticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=num, min_n_ticks=num-1,
+                                             steps=[1, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10])
+            label_values = loc.tick_values(func(arr).min(), func(arr).max())
+            cond = ((label_values >= func(arr).min()) &
+                    (label_values <= func(arr).max()))
+            label_values = label_values[cond]
+            yarr = np.linspace(arr.min(), arr.max(), 256)
+            xarr = func(yarr)
+            ix = np.argsort(xarr)
+            values = np.interp(label_values, xarr[ix], yarr[ix])
+
+        kw = {"markeredgewidth": self.get_linewidths()[0],
+              "alpha": self.get_alpha(),
+              **kwargs}
+
+        for val, lab in zip(values, label_values):
+            if prop == "colors":
+                color = self.cmap(self.norm(val))
+            elif prop == "sizes":
+                size = np.sqrt(val)
+                if np.isclose(size, 0.0):
+                    continue
+            h = mlines.Line2D([0], [0], ls="", color=color, ms=size,
+                              marker=self.get_paths()[0], **kw)
+            handles.append(h)
+            if hasattr(fmt, "set_locs"):
+                fmt.set_locs(label_values)
+            l = fmt(lab)
+            labels.append(l)
+
+        return handles, labels
+
+
+class PolyCollection(_CollectionWithSizes):
+
+    def __init__(self, verts, sizes=None, *, closed=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        verts : list of array-like
+            The sequence of polygons [*verts0*, *verts1*, ...] where each
+            element *verts_i* defines the vertices of polygon *i* as a 2D
+            array-like of shape (M, 2).
+        sizes : array-like, default: None
+            Squared scaling factors for the polygons. The coordinates of each
+            polygon *verts_i* are multiplied by the square-root of the
+            corresponding entry in *sizes* (i.e., *sizes* specify the scaling
+            of areas). The scaling is applied before the Artist master
+            transform.
+        closed : bool, default: True
+            Whether the polygon should be closed by adding a CLOSEPOLY
+            connection at the end.
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.Collection`.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.set_sizes(sizes)
+        self.set_verts(verts, closed)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_verts(self, verts, closed=True):
+        """
+        Set the vertices of the polygons.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        verts : list of array-like
+            The sequence of polygons [*verts0*, *verts1*, ...] where each
+            element *verts_i* defines the vertices of polygon *i* as a 2D
+            array-like of shape (M, 2).
+        closed : bool, default: True
+            Whether the polygon should be closed by adding a CLOSEPOLY
+            connection at the end.
+        """
+        self.stale = True
+        if isinstance(verts, np.ma.MaskedArray):
+            verts = verts.astype(float).filled(np.nan)
+
+        # No need to do anything fancy if the path isn't closed.
+        if not closed:
+            self._paths = [mpath.Path(xy) for xy in verts]
+            return
+
+        # Fast path for arrays
+        if isinstance(verts, np.ndarray) and len(verts.shape) == 3:
+            verts_pad = np.concatenate((verts, verts[:, :1]), axis=1)
+            # Creating the codes once is much faster than having Path do it
+            # separately each time by passing closed=True.
+            codes = np.empty(verts_pad.shape[1], dtype=mpath.Path.code_type)
+            codes[:] = mpath.Path.LINETO
+            codes[0] = mpath.Path.MOVETO
+            codes[-1] = mpath.Path.CLOSEPOLY
+            self._paths = [mpath.Path(xy, codes) for xy in verts_pad]
+            return
+
+        self._paths = []
+        for xy in verts:
+            if len(xy):
+                self._paths.append(mpath.Path._create_closed(xy))
+            else:
+                self._paths.append(mpath.Path(xy))
+
+    set_paths = set_verts
+
+    def set_verts_and_codes(self, verts, codes):
+        """Initialize vertices with path codes."""
+        if len(verts) != len(codes):
+            raise ValueError("'codes' must be a 1D list or array "
+                             "with the same length of 'verts'")
+        self._paths = [mpath.Path(xy, cds) if len(xy) else mpath.Path(xy)
+                       for xy, cds in zip(verts, codes)]
+        self.stale = True
+
+
+class FillBetweenPolyCollection(PolyCollection):
+    """
+    `.PolyCollection` that fills the area between two x- or y-curves.
+    """
+    def __init__(
+            self, t_direction, t, f1, f2, *,
+            where=None, interpolate=False, step=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        t_direction : {{'x', 'y'}}
+            The axes on which the variable lies.
+
+            - 'x': the curves are ``(t, f1)`` and ``(t, f2)``.
+            - 'y': the curves are ``(f1, t)`` and ``(f2, t)``.
+
+        t : array (length N)
+            The ``t_direction`` coordinates of the nodes defining the curves.
+
+        f1 : array (length N) or scalar
+            The other coordinates of the nodes defining the first curve.
+
+        f2 : array (length N) or scalar
+            The other coordinates of the nodes defining the second curve.
+
+        where : array of bool (length N), optional
+            Define *where* to exclude some {dir} regions from being filled.
+            The filled regions are defined by the coordinates ``t[where]``.
+            More precisely, fill between ``t[i]`` and ``t[i+1]`` if
+            ``where[i] and where[i+1]``.  Note that this definition implies
+            that an isolated *True* value between two *False* values in *where*
+            will not result in filling.  Both sides of the *True* position
+            remain unfilled due to the adjacent *False* values.
+
+        interpolate : bool, default: False
+            This option is only relevant if *where* is used and the two curves
+            are crossing each other.
+
+            Semantically, *where* is often used for *f1* > *f2* or
+            similar.  By default, the nodes of the polygon defining the filled
+            region will only be placed at the positions in the *t* array.
+            Such a polygon cannot describe the above semantics close to the
+            intersection.  The t-sections containing the intersection are
+            simply clipped.
+
+            Setting *interpolate* to *True* will calculate the actual
+            intersection point and extend the filled region up to this point.
+
+        step : {{'pre', 'post', 'mid'}}, optional
+            Define *step* if the filling should be a step function,
+            i.e. constant in between *t*.  The value determines where the
+            step will occur:
+
+            - 'pre': The f value is continued constantly to the left from
+              every *t* position, i.e. the interval ``(t[i-1], t[i]]`` has the
+              value ``f[i]``.
+            - 'post': The y value is continued constantly to the right from
+              every *x* position, i.e. the interval ``[t[i], t[i+1])`` has the
+              value ``f[i]``.
+            - 'mid': Steps occur half-way between the *t* positions.
+
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.PolyCollection`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        .Axes.fill_between, .Axes.fill_betweenx
+        """
+        self.t_direction = t_direction
+        self._interpolate = interpolate
+        self._step = step
+        verts = self._make_verts(t, f1, f2, where)
+        super().__init__(verts, **kwargs)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _f_dir_from_t(t_direction):
+        """The direction that is other than `t_direction`."""
+        if t_direction == "x":
+            return "y"
+        elif t_direction == "y":
+            return "x"
+        else:
+            msg = f"t_direction must be 'x' or 'y', got {t_direction!r}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    @property
+    def _f_direction(self):
+        """The direction that is other than `self.t_direction`."""
+        return self._f_dir_from_t(self.t_direction)
+
+    def set_data(self, t, f1, f2, *, where=None):
+        """
+        Set new values for the two bounding curves.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        t : array (length N)
+            The ``self.t_direction`` coordinates of the nodes defining the curves.
+
+        f1 : array (length N) or scalar
+            The other coordinates of the nodes defining the first curve.
+
+        f2 : array (length N) or scalar
+            The other coordinates of the nodes defining the second curve.
+
+        where : array of bool (length N), optional
+            Define *where* to exclude some {dir} regions from being filled.
+            The filled regions are defined by the coordinates ``t[where]``.
+            More precisely, fill between ``t[i]`` and ``t[i+1]`` if
+            ``where[i] and where[i+1]``.  Note that this definition implies
+            that an isolated *True* value between two *False* values in *where*
+            will not result in filling.  Both sides of the *True* position
+            remain unfilled due to the adjacent *False* values.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        .PolyCollection.set_verts, .Line2D.set_data
+        """
+        t, f1, f2 = self.axes._fill_between_process_units(
+            self.t_direction, self._f_direction, t, f1, f2)
+
+        verts = self._make_verts(t, f1, f2, where)
+        self.set_verts(verts)
+
+    def get_datalim(self, transData):
+        """Calculate the data limits and return them as a `.Bbox`."""
+        datalim = transforms.Bbox.null()
+        datalim.update_from_data_xy((self.get_transform() - transData).transform(
+            np.concatenate([self._bbox, [self._bbox.minpos]])))
+        return datalim
+
+    def _make_verts(self, t, f1, f2, where):
+        """
+        Make verts that can be forwarded to `.PolyCollection`.
+        """
+        self._validate_shapes(self.t_direction, self._f_direction, t, f1, f2)
+
+        where = self._get_data_mask(t, f1, f2, where)
+        t, f1, f2 = np.broadcast_arrays(np.atleast_1d(t), f1, f2, subok=True)
+
+        self._bbox = transforms.Bbox.null()
+        self._bbox.update_from_data_xy(self._fix_pts_xy_order(np.concatenate([
+            np.stack((t[where], f[where]), axis=-1) for f in (f1, f2)])))
+
+        return [
+            self._make_verts_for_region(t, f1, f2, idx0, idx1)
+            for idx0, idx1 in cbook.contiguous_regions(where)
+        ]
+
+    def _get_data_mask(self, t, f1, f2, where):
+        """
+        Return a bool array, with True at all points that should eventually be rendered.
+
+        The array is True at a point if none of the data inputs
+        *t*, *f1*, *f2* is masked and if the input *where* is true at that point.
+        """
+        if where is None:
+            where = True
+        else:
+            where = np.asarray(where, dtype=bool)
+            if where.size != t.size:
+                msg = "where size ({}) does not match {!r} size ({})".format(
+                    where.size, self.t_direction, t.size)
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+        return where & ~functools.reduce(
+            np.logical_or, map(np.ma.getmaskarray, [t, f1, f2]))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_shapes(t_dir, f_dir, t, f1, f2):
+        """Validate that t, f1 and f2 are 1-dimensional and have the same length."""
+        names = (d + s for d, s in zip((t_dir, f_dir, f_dir), ("", "1", "2")))
+        for name, array in zip(names, [t, f1, f2]):
+            if array.ndim > 1:
+                raise ValueError(f"{name!r} is not 1-dimensional")
+            if t.size > 1 and array.size > 1 and t.size != array.size:
+                msg = "{!r} has size {}, but {!r} has an unequal size of {}".format(
+                    t_dir, t.size, name, array.size)
+                raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    def _make_verts_for_region(self, t, f1, f2, idx0, idx1):
+        """
+        Make ``verts`` for a contiguous region between ``idx0`` and ``idx1``, taking
+        into account ``step`` and ``interpolate``.
+        """
+        t_slice = t[idx0:idx1]
+        f1_slice = f1[idx0:idx1]
+        f2_slice = f2[idx0:idx1]
+        if self._step is not None:
+            step_func = cbook.STEP_LOOKUP_MAP["steps-" + self._step]
+            t_slice, f1_slice, f2_slice = step_func(t_slice, f1_slice, f2_slice)
+
+        if self._interpolate:
+            start = self._get_interpolating_points(t, f1, f2, idx0)
+            end = self._get_interpolating_points(t, f1, f2, idx1)
+        else:
+            # Handle scalar f2 (e.g. 0): the fill should go all
+            # the way down to 0 even if none of the dep1 sample points do.
+            start = t_slice[0], f2_slice[0]
+            end = t_slice[-1], f2_slice[-1]
+
+        pts = np.concatenate((
+            np.asarray([start]),
+            np.stack((t_slice, f1_slice), axis=-1),
+            np.asarray([end]),
+            np.stack((t_slice, f2_slice), axis=-1)[::-1]))
+
+        return self._fix_pts_xy_order(pts)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_interpolating_points(cls, t, f1, f2, idx):
+        """Calculate interpolating points."""
+        im1 = max(idx - 1, 0)
+        t_values = t[im1:idx+1]
+        diff_values = f1[im1:idx+1] - f2[im1:idx+1]
+        f1_values = f1[im1:idx+1]
+
+        if len(diff_values) == 2:
+            if np.ma.is_masked(diff_values[1]):
+                return t[im1], f1[im1]
+            elif np.ma.is_masked(diff_values[0]):
+                return t[idx], f1[idx]
+
+        diff_root_t = cls._get_diff_root(0, diff_values, t_values)
+        diff_root_f = cls._get_diff_root(diff_root_t, t_values, f1_values)
+        return diff_root_t, diff_root_f
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_diff_root(x, xp, fp):
+        """Calculate diff root."""
+        order = xp.argsort()
+        return np.interp(x, xp[order], fp[order])
+
+    def _fix_pts_xy_order(self, pts):
+        """
+        Fix pts calculation results with `self.t_direction`.
+
+        In the workflow, it is assumed that `self.t_direction` is 'x'. If this
+        is not true, we need to exchange the coordinates.
+        """
+        return pts[:, ::-1] if self.t_direction == "y" else pts
+
+
+class RegularPolyCollection(_CollectionWithSizes):
+    """A collection of n-sided regular polygons."""
+
+    _path_generator = mpath.Path.unit_regular_polygon
+    _factor = np.pi ** (-1/2)
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 numsides,
+                 *,
+                 rotation=0,
+                 sizes=(1,),
+                 **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        numsides : int
+            The number of sides of the polygon.
+        rotation : float
+            The rotation of the polygon in radians.
+        sizes : tuple of float
+            The area of the circle circumscribing the polygon in points^2.
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.Collection`.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        See :doc:`/gallery/event_handling/lasso_demo` for a complete example::
+
+            offsets = np.random.rand(20, 2)
+            facecolors = [cm.jet(x) for x in np.random.rand(20)]
+
+            collection = RegularPolyCollection(
+                numsides=5, # a pentagon
+                rotation=0, sizes=(50,),
+                facecolors=facecolors,
+                edgecolors=("black",),
+                linewidths=(1,),
+                offsets=offsets,
+                offset_transform=ax.transData,
+                )
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.set_sizes(sizes)
+        self._numsides = numsides
+        self._paths = [self._path_generator(numsides)]
+        self._rotation = rotation
+        self.set_transform(transforms.IdentityTransform())
+
+    def get_numsides(self):
+        return self._numsides
+
+    def get_rotation(self):
+        return self._rotation
+
+    @artist.allow_rasterization
+    def draw(self, renderer):
+        self.set_sizes(self._sizes, self.get_figure(root=True).dpi)
+        self._transforms = [
+            transforms.Affine2D(x).rotate(-self._rotation).get_matrix()
+            for x in self._transforms
+        ]
+        # Explicitly not super().draw, because set_sizes must be called before
+        # updating self._transforms.
+        Collection.draw(self, renderer)
+
+
+class StarPolygonCollection(RegularPolyCollection):
+    """Draw a collection of regular stars with *numsides* points."""
+    _path_generator = mpath.Path.unit_regular_star
+
+
+class AsteriskPolygonCollection(RegularPolyCollection):
+    """Draw a collection of regular asterisks with *numsides* points."""
+    _path_generator = mpath.Path.unit_regular_asterisk
+
+
+class LineCollection(Collection):
+    r"""
+    Represents a sequence of `.Line2D`\s that should be drawn together.
+
+    This class extends `.Collection` to represent a sequence of
+    `.Line2D`\s instead of just a sequence of `.Patch`\s.
+    Just as in `.Collection`, each property of a *LineCollection* may be either
+    a single value or a list of values. This list is then used cyclically for
+    each element of the LineCollection, so the property of the ``i``\th element
+    of the collection is::
+
+      prop[i % len(prop)]
+
+    The properties of each member of a *LineCollection* default to their values
+    in :rc:`lines.*` instead of :rc:`patch.*`, and the property *colors* is
+    added in place of *edgecolors*.
+    """
+
+    _edge_default = True
+
+    def __init__(self, segments,  # Can be None.
+                 *,
+                 zorder=2,        # Collection.zorder is 1
+                 **kwargs
+                 ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        segments : list of (N, 2) array-like
+            A sequence ``[line0, line1, ...]`` where each line is a (N, 2)-shape
+            array-like containing points::
+
+                line0 = [(x0, y0), (x1, y1), ...]
+
+            Each line can contain a different number of points.
+        linewidths : float or list of float, default: :rc:`lines.linewidth`
+            The width of each line in points.
+        colors : :mpltype:`color` or list of color, default: :rc:`lines.color`
+            A sequence of RGBA tuples (e.g., arbitrary color strings, etc, not
+            allowed).
+        antialiaseds : bool or list of bool, default: :rc:`lines.antialiased`
+            Whether to use antialiasing for each line.
+        zorder : float, default: 2
+            zorder of the lines once drawn.
+
+        facecolors : :mpltype:`color` or list of :mpltype:`color`, default: 'none'
+            When setting *facecolors*, each line is interpreted as a boundary
+            for an area, implicitly closing the path from the last point to the
+            first point. The enclosed area is filled with *facecolor*.
+            In order to manually specify what should count as the "interior" of
+            each line, please use `.PathCollection` instead, where the
+            "interior" can be specified by appropriate usage of
+            `~.path.Path.CLOSEPOLY`.
+
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.Collection`.
+        """
+        # Unfortunately, mplot3d needs this explicit setting of 'facecolors'.
+        kwargs.setdefault('facecolors', 'none')
+        super().__init__(
+            zorder=zorder,
+            **kwargs)
+        self.set_segments(segments)
+
+    def set_segments(self, segments):
+        if segments is None:
+            return
+
+        self._paths = [mpath.Path(seg) if isinstance(seg, np.ma.MaskedArray)
+                       else mpath.Path(np.asarray(seg, float))
+                       for seg in segments]
+        self.stale = True
+
+    set_verts = set_segments  # for compatibility with PolyCollection
+    set_paths = set_segments
+
+    def get_segments(self):
+        """
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list
+            List of segments in the LineCollection. Each list item contains an
+            array of vertices.
+        """
+        segments = []
+
+        for path in self._paths:
+            vertices = [
+                vertex
+                for vertex, _
+                # Never simplify here, we want to get the data-space values
+                # back and there in no way to know the "right" simplification
+                # threshold so never try.
+                in path.iter_segments(simplify=False)
+            ]
+            vertices = np.asarray(vertices)
+            segments.append(vertices)
+
+        return segments
+
+    def _get_default_linewidth(self):
+        return mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth']
+
+    def _get_default_antialiased(self):
+        return mpl.rcParams['lines.antialiased']
+
+    def _get_default_edgecolor(self):
+        return mpl.rcParams['lines.color']
+
+    def _get_default_facecolor(self):
+        return 'none'
+
+    def set_alpha(self, alpha):
+        # docstring inherited
+        super().set_alpha(alpha)
+        if self._gapcolor is not None:
+            self.set_gapcolor(self._original_gapcolor)
+
+    def set_color(self, c):
+        """
+        Set the edgecolor(s) of the LineCollection.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : :mpltype:`color` or list of :mpltype:`color`
+            Single color (all lines have same color), or a
+            sequence of RGBA tuples; if it is a sequence the lines will
+            cycle through the sequence.
+        """
+        self.set_edgecolor(c)
+
+    set_colors = set_color
+
+    def get_color(self):
+        return self._edgecolors
+
+    get_colors = get_color  # for compatibility with old versions
+
+    def set_gapcolor(self, gapcolor):
+        """
+        Set a color to fill the gaps in the dashed line style.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            Striped lines are created by drawing two interleaved dashed lines.
+            There can be overlaps between those two, which may result in
+            artifacts when using transparency.
+
+            This functionality is experimental and may change.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        gapcolor : :mpltype:`color` or list of :mpltype:`color` or None
+            The color with which to fill the gaps. If None, the gaps are
+            unfilled.
+        """
+        self._original_gapcolor = gapcolor
+        self._set_gapcolor(gapcolor)
+
+    def _set_gapcolor(self, gapcolor):
+        if gapcolor is not None:
+            gapcolor = mcolors.to_rgba_array(gapcolor, self._alpha)
+        self._gapcolor = gapcolor
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_gapcolor(self):
+        return self._gapcolor
+
+    def _get_inverse_paths_linestyles(self):
+        """
+        Returns the path and pattern for the gaps in the non-solid lines.
+
+        This path and pattern is the inverse of the path and pattern used to
+        construct the non-solid lines. For solid lines, we set the inverse path
+        to nans to prevent drawing an inverse line.
+        """
+        path_patterns = [
+            (mpath.Path(np.full((1, 2), np.nan)), ls)
+            if ls == (0, None) else
+            (path, mlines._get_inverse_dash_pattern(*ls))
+            for (path, ls) in
+            zip(self._paths, itertools.cycle(self._linestyles))]
+
+        return zip(*path_patterns)
+
+
+class EventCollection(LineCollection):
+    """
+    A collection of locations along a single axis at which an "event" occurred.
+
+    The events are given by a 1-dimensional array. They do not have an
+    amplitude and are displayed as parallel lines.
+    """
+
+    _edge_default = True
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 positions,  # Cannot be None.
+                 orientation='horizontal',
+                 *,
+                 lineoffset=0,
+                 linelength=1,
+                 linewidth=None,
+                 color=None,
+                 linestyle='solid',
+                 antialiased=None,
+                 **kwargs
+                 ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        positions : 1D array-like
+            Each value is an event.
+        orientation : {'horizontal', 'vertical'}, default: 'horizontal'
+            The sequence of events is plotted along this direction.
+            The marker lines of the single events are along the orthogonal
+            direction.
+        lineoffset : float, default: 0
+            The offset of the center of the markers from the origin, in the
+            direction orthogonal to *orientation*.
+        linelength : float, default: 1
+            The total height of the marker (i.e. the marker stretches from
+            ``lineoffset - linelength/2`` to ``lineoffset + linelength/2``).
+        linewidth : float or list thereof, default: :rc:`lines.linewidth`
+            The line width of the event lines, in points.
+        color : :mpltype:`color` or list of :mpltype:`color`, default: :rc:`lines.color`
+            The color of the event lines.
+        linestyle : str or tuple or list thereof, default: 'solid'
+            Valid strings are ['solid', 'dashed', 'dashdot', 'dotted',
+            '-', '--', '-.', ':']. Dash tuples should be of the form::
+
+                (offset, onoffseq),
+
+            where *onoffseq* is an even length tuple of on and off ink
+            in points.
+        antialiased : bool or list thereof, default: :rc:`lines.antialiased`
+            Whether to use antialiasing for drawing the lines.
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.LineCollection`.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        .. plot:: gallery/lines_bars_and_markers/eventcollection_demo.py
+        """
+        super().__init__([],
+                         linewidths=linewidth, linestyles=linestyle,
+                         colors=color, antialiaseds=antialiased,
+                         **kwargs)
+        self._is_horizontal = True  # Initial value, may be switched below.
+        self._linelength = linelength
+        self._lineoffset = lineoffset
+        self.set_orientation(orientation)
+        self.set_positions(positions)
+
+    def get_positions(self):
+        """
+        Return an array containing the floating-point values of the positions.
+        """
+        pos = 0 if self.is_horizontal() else 1
+        return [segment[0, pos] for segment in self.get_segments()]
+
+    def set_positions(self, positions):
+        """Set the positions of the events."""
+        if positions is None:
+            positions = []
+        if np.ndim(positions) != 1:
+            raise ValueError('positions must be one-dimensional')
+        lineoffset = self.get_lineoffset()
+        linelength = self.get_linelength()
+        pos_idx = 0 if self.is_horizontal() else 1
+        segments = np.empty((len(positions), 2, 2))
+        segments[:, :, pos_idx] = np.sort(positions)[:, None]
+        segments[:, 0, 1 - pos_idx] = lineoffset + linelength / 2
+        segments[:, 1, 1 - pos_idx] = lineoffset - linelength / 2
+        self.set_segments(segments)
+
+    def add_positions(self, position):
+        """Add one or more events at the specified positions."""
+        if position is None or (hasattr(position, 'len') and
+                                len(position) == 0):
+            return
+        positions = self.get_positions()
+        positions = np.hstack([positions, np.asanyarray(position)])
+        self.set_positions(positions)
+    extend_positions = append_positions = add_positions
+
+    def is_horizontal(self):
+        """True if the eventcollection is horizontal, False if vertical."""
+        return self._is_horizontal
+
+    def get_orientation(self):
+        """
+        Return the orientation of the event line ('horizontal' or 'vertical').
+        """
+        return 'horizontal' if self.is_horizontal() else 'vertical'
+
+    def switch_orientation(self):
+        """
+        Switch the orientation of the event line, either from vertical to
+        horizontal or vice versus.
+        """
+        segments = self.get_segments()
+        for i, segment in enumerate(segments):
+            segments[i] = np.fliplr(segment)
+        self.set_segments(segments)
+        self._is_horizontal = not self.is_horizontal()
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_orientation(self, orientation):
+        """
+        Set the orientation of the event line.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        orientation : {'horizontal', 'vertical'}
+        """
+        is_horizontal = _api.check_getitem(
+            {"horizontal": True, "vertical": False},
+            orientation=orientation)
+        if is_horizontal == self.is_horizontal():
+            return
+        self.switch_orientation()
+
+    def get_linelength(self):
+        """Return the length of the lines used to mark each event."""
+        return self._linelength
+
+    def set_linelength(self, linelength):
+        """Set the length of the lines used to mark each event."""
+        if linelength == self.get_linelength():
+            return
+        lineoffset = self.get_lineoffset()
+        segments = self.get_segments()
+        pos = 1 if self.is_horizontal() else 0
+        for segment in segments:
+            segment[0, pos] = lineoffset + linelength / 2.
+            segment[1, pos] = lineoffset - linelength / 2.
+        self.set_segments(segments)
+        self._linelength = linelength
+
+    def get_lineoffset(self):
+        """Return the offset of the lines used to mark each event."""
+        return self._lineoffset
+
+    def set_lineoffset(self, lineoffset):
+        """Set the offset of the lines used to mark each event."""
+        if lineoffset == self.get_lineoffset():
+            return
+        linelength = self.get_linelength()
+        segments = self.get_segments()
+        pos = 1 if self.is_horizontal() else 0
+        for segment in segments:
+            segment[0, pos] = lineoffset + linelength / 2.
+            segment[1, pos] = lineoffset - linelength / 2.
+        self.set_segments(segments)
+        self._lineoffset = lineoffset
+
+    def get_linewidth(self):
+        """Get the width of the lines used to mark each event."""
+        return super().get_linewidth()[0]
+
+    def get_linewidths(self):
+        return super().get_linewidth()
+
+    def get_color(self):
+        """Return the color of the lines used to mark each event."""
+        return self.get_colors()[0]
+
+
+class CircleCollection(_CollectionWithSizes):
+    """A collection of circles, drawn using splines."""
+
+    _factor = np.pi ** (-1/2)
+
+    def __init__(self, sizes, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sizes : float or array-like
+            The area of each circle in points^2.
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `.Collection`.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.set_sizes(sizes)
+        self.set_transform(transforms.IdentityTransform())
+        self._paths = [mpath.Path.unit_circle()]
+
+
+class EllipseCollection(Collection):
+    """A collection of ellipses, drawn using splines."""
+
+    def __init__(self, widths, heights, angles, *, units='points', **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        widths : array-like
+            The lengths of the first axes (e.g., major axis lengths).
+        heights : array-like
+            The lengths of second axes.
+        angles : array-like
+            The angles of the first axes, degrees CCW from the x-axis.
+        units : {'points', 'inches', 'dots', 'width', 'height', 'x', 'y', 'xy'}
+            The units in which majors and minors are given; 'width' and
+            'height' refer to the dimensions of the axes, while 'x' and 'y'
+            refer to the *offsets* data units. 'xy' differs from all others in
+            that the angle as plotted varies with the aspect ratio, and equals
+            the specified angle only when the aspect ratio is unity.  Hence
+            it behaves the same as the `~.patches.Ellipse` with
+            ``axes.transData`` as its transform.
+        **kwargs
+            Forwarded to `Collection`.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.set_widths(widths)
+        self.set_heights(heights)
+        self.set_angles(angles)
+        self._units = units
+        self.set_transform(transforms.IdentityTransform())
+        self._transforms = np.empty((0, 3, 3))
+        self._paths = [mpath.Path.unit_circle()]
+
+    def _set_transforms(self):
+        """Calculate transforms immediately before drawing."""
+
+        ax = self.axes
+        fig = self.get_figure(root=False)
+
+        if self._units == 'xy':
+            sc = 1
+        elif self._units == 'x':
+            sc = ax.bbox.width / ax.viewLim.width
+        elif self._units == 'y':
+            sc = ax.bbox.height / ax.viewLim.height
+        elif self._units == 'inches':
+            sc = fig.dpi
+        elif self._units == 'points':
+            sc = fig.dpi / 72.0
+        elif self._units == 'width':
+            sc = ax.bbox.width
+        elif self._units == 'height':
+            sc = ax.bbox.height
+        elif self._units == 'dots':
+            sc = 1.0
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unrecognized units: {self._units!r}')
+
+        self._transforms = np.zeros((len(self._widths), 3, 3))
+        widths = self._widths * sc
+        heights = self._heights * sc
+        sin_angle = np.sin(self._angles)
+        cos_angle = np.cos(self._angles)
+        self._transforms[:, 0, 0] = widths * cos_angle
+        self._transforms[:, 0, 1] = heights * -sin_angle
+        self._transforms[:, 1, 0] = widths * sin_angle
+        self._transforms[:, 1, 1] = heights * cos_angle
+        self._transforms[:, 2, 2] = 1.0
+
+        _affine = transforms.Affine2D
+        if self._units == 'xy':
+            m = ax.transData.get_affine().get_matrix().copy()
+            m[:2, 2:] = 0
+            self.set_transform(_affine(m))
+
+    def set_widths(self, widths):
+        """Set the lengths of the first axes (e.g., major axis)."""
+        self._widths = 0.5 * np.asarray(widths).ravel()
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_heights(self, heights):
+        """Set the lengths of second axes (e.g., minor axes)."""
+        self._heights = 0.5 * np.asarray(heights).ravel()
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def set_angles(self, angles):
+        """Set the angles of the first axes, degrees CCW from the x-axis."""
+        self._angles = np.deg2rad(angles).ravel()
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_widths(self):
+        """Get the lengths of the first axes (e.g., major axis)."""
+        return self._widths * 2
+
+    def get_heights(self):
+        """Set the lengths of second axes (e.g., minor axes)."""
+        return self._heights * 2
+
+    def get_angles(self):
+        """Get the angles of the first axes, degrees CCW from the x-axis."""
+        return np.rad2deg(self._angles)
+
+    @artist.allow_rasterization
+    def draw(self, renderer):
+        self._set_transforms()
+        super().draw(renderer)
+
+
+class PatchCollection(Collection):
+    """
+    A generic collection of patches.
+
+    PatchCollection draws faster than a large number of equivalent individual
+    Patches. It also makes it easier to assign a colormap to a heterogeneous
+    collection of patches.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, patches, *, match_original=False, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        patches : list of `.Patch`
+            A sequence of Patch objects.  This list may include
+            a heterogeneous assortment of different patch types.
+
+        match_original : bool, default: False
+            If True, use the colors and linewidths of the original
+            patches.  If False, new colors may be assigned by
+            providing the standard collection arguments, facecolor,
+            edgecolor, linewidths, norm or cmap.
+
+        **kwargs
+            All other parameters are forwarded to `.Collection`.
+
+            If any of *edgecolors*, *facecolors*, *linewidths*, *antialiaseds*
+            are None, they default to their `.rcParams` patch setting, in
+            sequence form.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        The use of `~matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable` functionality is optional.
+        If the `~matplotlib.cm.ScalarMappable` matrix ``_A`` has been set (via
+        a call to `~.ScalarMappable.set_array`), at draw time a call to scalar
+        mappable will be made to set the face colors.
+        """
+
+        if match_original:
+            def determine_facecolor(patch):
+                if patch.get_fill():
+                    return patch.get_facecolor()
+                return [0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+            kwargs['facecolors'] = [determine_facecolor(p) for p in patches]
+            kwargs['edgecolors'] = [p.get_edgecolor() for p in patches]
+            kwargs['linewidths'] = [p.get_linewidth() for p in patches]
+            kwargs['linestyles'] = [p.get_linestyle() for p in patches]
+            kwargs['antialiaseds'] = [p.get_antialiased() for p in patches]
+
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+        self.set_paths(patches)
+
+    def set_paths(self, patches):
+        paths = [p.get_transform().transform_path(p.get_path())
+                 for p in patches]
+        self._paths = paths
+
+
+class TriMesh(Collection):
+    """
+    Class for the efficient drawing of a triangular mesh using Gouraud shading.
+
+    A triangular mesh is a `~matplotlib.tri.Triangulation` object.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, triangulation, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self._triangulation = triangulation
+        self._shading = 'gouraud'
+
+        self._bbox = transforms.Bbox.unit()
+
+        # Unfortunately this requires a copy, unless Triangulation
+        # was rewritten.
+        xy = np.hstack((triangulation.x.reshape(-1, 1),
+                        triangulation.y.reshape(-1, 1)))
+        self._bbox.update_from_data_xy(xy)
+
+    def get_paths(self):
+        if self._paths is None:
+            self.set_paths()
+        return self._paths
+
+    def set_paths(self):
+        self._paths = self.convert_mesh_to_paths(self._triangulation)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_mesh_to_paths(tri):
+        """
+        Convert a given mesh into a sequence of `.Path` objects.
+
+        This function is primarily of use to implementers of backends that do
+        not directly support meshes.
+        """
+        triangles = tri.get_masked_triangles()
+        verts = np.stack((tri.x[triangles], tri.y[triangles]), axis=-1)
+        return [mpath.Path(x) for x in verts]
+
+    @artist.allow_rasterization
+    def draw(self, renderer):
+        if not self.get_visible():
+            return
+        renderer.open_group(self.__class__.__name__, gid=self.get_gid())
+        transform = self.get_transform()
+
+        # Get a list of triangles and the color at each vertex.
+        tri = self._triangulation
+        triangles = tri.get_masked_triangles()
+
+        verts = np.stack((tri.x[triangles], tri.y[triangles]), axis=-1)
+
+        self.update_scalarmappable()
+        colors = self._facecolors[triangles]
+
+        gc = renderer.new_gc()
+        self._set_gc_clip(gc)
+        gc.set_linewidth(self.get_linewidth()[0])
+        renderer.draw_gouraud_triangles(gc, verts, colors, transform.frozen())
+        gc.restore()
+        renderer.close_group(self.__class__.__name__)
+
+
+class _MeshData:
+    r"""
+    Class for managing the two dimensional coordinates of Quadrilateral meshes
+    and the associated data with them. This class is a mixin and is intended to
+    be used with another collection that will implement the draw separately.
+
+    A quadrilateral mesh is a grid of M by N adjacent quadrilaterals that are
+    defined via a (M+1, N+1) grid of vertices. The quadrilateral (m, n) is
+    defined by the vertices ::
+
+               (m+1, n) ----------- (m+1, n+1)
+                  /                   /
+                 /                 /
+                /               /
+            (m, n) -------- (m, n+1)
+
+    The mesh need not be regular and the polygons need not be convex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coordinates : (M+1, N+1, 2) array-like
+        The vertices. ``coordinates[m, n]`` specifies the (x, y) coordinates
+        of vertex (m, n).
+
+    shading : {'flat', 'gouraud'}, default: 'flat'
+    """
+    def __init__(self, coordinates, *, shading='flat'):
+        _api.check_shape((None, None, 2), coordinates=coordinates)
+        self._coordinates = coordinates
+        self._shading = shading
+
+    def set_array(self, A):
+        """
+        Set the data values.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        A : array-like
+            The mesh data. Supported array shapes are:
+
+            - (M, N) or (M*N,): a mesh with scalar data. The values are mapped
+              to colors using normalization and a colormap. See parameters
+              *norm*, *cmap*, *vmin*, *vmax*.
+            - (M, N, 3): an image with RGB values (0-1 float or 0-255 int).
+            - (M, N, 4): an image with RGBA values (0-1 float or 0-255 int),
+              i.e. including transparency.
+
+            If the values are provided as a 2D grid, the shape must match the
+            coordinates grid. If the values are 1D, they are reshaped to 2D.
+            M, N follow from the coordinates grid, where the coordinates grid
+            shape is (M, N) for 'gouraud' *shading* and (M+1, N+1) for 'flat'
+            shading.
+        """
+        height, width = self._coordinates.shape[0:-1]
+        if self._shading == 'flat':
+            h, w = height - 1, width - 1
+        else:
+            h, w = height, width
+        ok_shapes = [(h, w, 3), (h, w, 4), (h, w), (h * w,)]
+        if A is not None:
+            shape = np.shape(A)
+            if shape not in ok_shapes:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"For X ({width}) and Y ({height}) with {self._shading} "
+                    f"shading, A should have shape "
+                    f"{' or '.join(map(str, ok_shapes))}, not {A.shape}")
+        return super().set_array(A)
+
+    def get_coordinates(self):
+        """
+        Return the vertices of the mesh as an (M+1, N+1, 2) array.
+
+        M, N are the number of quadrilaterals in the rows / columns of the
+        mesh, corresponding to (M+1, N+1) vertices.
+        The last dimension specifies the components (x, y).
+        """
+        return self._coordinates
+
+    def get_edgecolor(self):
+        # docstring inherited
+        # Note that we want to return an array of shape (N*M, 4)
+        # a flattened RGBA collection
+        return super().get_edgecolor().reshape(-1, 4)
+
+    def get_facecolor(self):
+        # docstring inherited
+        # Note that we want to return an array of shape (N*M, 4)
+        # a flattened RGBA collection
+        return super().get_facecolor().reshape(-1, 4)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _convert_mesh_to_paths(coordinates):
+        """
+        Convert a given mesh into a sequence of `.Path` objects.
+
+        This function is primarily of use to implementers of backends that do
+        not directly support quadmeshes.
+        """
+        if isinstance(coordinates, np.ma.MaskedArray):
+            c = coordinates.data
+        else:
+            c = coordinates
+        points = np.concatenate([
+            c[:-1, :-1],
+            c[:-1, 1:],
+            c[1:, 1:],
+            c[1:, :-1],
+            c[:-1, :-1]
+        ], axis=2).reshape((-1, 5, 2))
+        return [mpath.Path(x) for x in points]
+
+    def _convert_mesh_to_triangles(self, coordinates):
+        """
+        Convert a given mesh into a sequence of triangles, each point
+        with its own color.  The result can be used to construct a call to
+        `~.RendererBase.draw_gouraud_triangles`.
+        """
+        if isinstance(coordinates, np.ma.MaskedArray):
+            p = coordinates.data
+        else:
+            p = coordinates
+
+        p_a = p[:-1, :-1]
+        p_b = p[:-1, 1:]
+        p_c = p[1:, 1:]
+        p_d = p[1:, :-1]
+        p_center = (p_a + p_b + p_c + p_d) / 4.0
+        triangles = np.concatenate([
+            p_a, p_b, p_center,
+            p_b, p_c, p_center,
+            p_c, p_d, p_center,
+            p_d, p_a, p_center,
+        ], axis=2).reshape((-1, 3, 2))
+
+        c = self.get_facecolor().reshape((*coordinates.shape[:2], 4))
+        z = self.get_array()
+        mask = z.mask if np.ma.is_masked(z) else None
+        if mask is not None:
+            c[mask, 3] = np.nan
+        c_a = c[:-1, :-1]
+        c_b = c[:-1, 1:]
+        c_c = c[1:, 1:]
+        c_d = c[1:, :-1]
+        c_center = (c_a + c_b + c_c + c_d) / 4.0
+        colors = np.concatenate([
+            c_a, c_b, c_center,
+            c_b, c_c, c_center,
+            c_c, c_d, c_center,
+            c_d, c_a, c_center,
+        ], axis=2).reshape((-1, 3, 4))
+        tmask = np.isnan(colors[..., 2, 3])
+        return triangles[~tmask], colors[~tmask]
+
+
+class QuadMesh(_MeshData, Collection):
+    r"""
+    Class for the efficient drawing of a quadrilateral mesh.
+
+    A quadrilateral mesh is a grid of M by N adjacent quadrilaterals that are
+    defined via a (M+1, N+1) grid of vertices. The quadrilateral (m, n) is
+    defined by the vertices ::
+
+               (m+1, n) ----------- (m+1, n+1)
+                  /                   /
+                 /                 /
+                /               /
+            (m, n) -------- (m, n+1)
+
+    The mesh need not be regular and the polygons need not be convex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coordinates : (M+1, N+1, 2) array-like
+        The vertices. ``coordinates[m, n]`` specifies the (x, y) coordinates
+        of vertex (m, n).
+
+    antialiased : bool, default: True
+
+    shading : {'flat', 'gouraud'}, default: 'flat'
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike other `.Collection`\s, the default *pickradius* of `.QuadMesh` is 0,
+    i.e. `~.Artist.contains` checks whether the test point is within any of the
+    mesh quadrilaterals.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, coordinates, *, antialiased=True, shading='flat',
+                 **kwargs):
+        kwargs.setdefault("pickradius", 0)
+        super().__init__(coordinates=coordinates, shading=shading)
+        Collection.__init__(self, **kwargs)
+
+        self._antialiased = antialiased
+        self._bbox = transforms.Bbox.unit()
+        self._bbox.update_from_data_xy(self._coordinates.reshape(-1, 2))
+        self.set_mouseover(False)
+
+    def get_paths(self):
+        if self._paths is None:
+            self.set_paths()
+        return self._paths
+
+    def set_paths(self):
+        self._paths = self._convert_mesh_to_paths(self._coordinates)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_datalim(self, transData):
+        return (self.get_transform() - transData).transform_bbox(self._bbox)
+
+    @artist.allow_rasterization
+    def draw(self, renderer):
+        if not self.get_visible():
+            return
+        renderer.open_group(self.__class__.__name__, self.get_gid())
+        transform = self.get_transform()
+        offset_trf = self.get_offset_transform()
+        offsets = self.get_offsets()
+
+        if self.have_units():
+            xs = self.convert_xunits(offsets[:, 0])
+            ys = self.convert_yunits(offsets[:, 1])
+            offsets = np.column_stack([xs, ys])
+
+        self.update_scalarmappable()
+
+        if not transform.is_affine:
+            coordinates = self._coordinates.reshape((-1, 2))
+            coordinates = transform.transform(coordinates)
+            coordinates = coordinates.reshape(self._coordinates.shape)
+            transform = transforms.IdentityTransform()
+        else:
+            coordinates = self._coordinates
+
+        if not offset_trf.is_affine:
+            offsets = offset_trf.transform_non_affine(offsets)
+            offset_trf = offset_trf.get_affine()
+
+        gc = renderer.new_gc()
+        gc.set_snap(self.get_snap())
+        self._set_gc_clip(gc)
+        gc.set_linewidth(self.get_linewidth()[0])
+
+        if self._shading == 'gouraud':
+            triangles, colors = self._convert_mesh_to_triangles(coordinates)
+            renderer.draw_gouraud_triangles(
+                gc, triangles, colors, transform.frozen())
+        else:
+            renderer.draw_quad_mesh(
+                gc, transform.frozen(),
+                coordinates.shape[1] - 1, coordinates.shape[0] - 1,
+                coordinates, offsets, offset_trf,
+                # Backends expect flattened rgba arrays (n*m, 4) for fc and ec
+                self.get_facecolor().reshape((-1, 4)),
+                self._antialiased, self.get_edgecolors().reshape((-1, 4)))
+        gc.restore()
+        renderer.close_group(self.__class__.__name__)
+        self.stale = False
+
+    def get_cursor_data(self, event):
+        contained, info = self.contains(event)
+        if contained and self.get_array() is not None:
+            return self.get_array().ravel()[info["ind"]]
+        return None
+
+
+class PolyQuadMesh(_MeshData, PolyCollection):
+    """
+    Class for drawing a quadrilateral mesh as individual Polygons.
+
+    A quadrilateral mesh is a grid of M by N adjacent quadrilaterals that are
+    defined via a (M+1, N+1) grid of vertices. The quadrilateral (m, n) is
+    defined by the vertices ::
+
+               (m+1, n) ----------- (m+1, n+1)
+                  /                   /
+                 /                 /
+                /               /
+            (m, n) -------- (m, n+1)
+
+    The mesh need not be regular and the polygons need not be convex.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    coordinates : (M+1, N+1, 2) array-like
+        The vertices. ``coordinates[m, n]`` specifies the (x, y) coordinates
+        of vertex (m, n).
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Unlike `.QuadMesh`, this class will draw each cell as an individual Polygon.
+    This is significantly slower, but allows for more flexibility when wanting
+    to add additional properties to the cells, such as hatching.
+
+    Another difference from `.QuadMesh` is that if any of the vertices or data
+    of a cell are masked, that Polygon will **not** be drawn and it won't be in
+    the list of paths returned.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, coordinates, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(coordinates=coordinates)
+        PolyCollection.__init__(self, verts=[], **kwargs)
+        # Setting the verts updates the paths of the PolyCollection
+        # This is called after the initializers to make sure the kwargs
+        # have all been processed and available for the masking calculations
+        self._set_unmasked_verts()
+
+    def _get_unmasked_polys(self):
+        """Get the unmasked regions using the coordinates and array"""
+        # mask(X) | mask(Y)
+        mask = np.any(np.ma.getmaskarray(self._coordinates), axis=-1)
+
+        # We want the shape of the polygon, which is the corner of each X/Y array
+        mask = (mask[0:-1, 0:-1] | mask[1:, 1:] | mask[0:-1, 1:] | mask[1:, 0:-1])
+        arr = self.get_array()
+        if arr is not None:
+            arr = np.ma.getmaskarray(arr)
+            if arr.ndim == 3:
+                # RGB(A) case
+                mask |= np.any(arr, axis=-1)
+            elif arr.ndim == 2:
+                mask |= arr
+            else:
+                mask |= arr.reshape(self._coordinates[:-1, :-1, :].shape[:2])
+        return ~mask
+
+    def _set_unmasked_verts(self):
+        X = self._coordinates[..., 0]
+        Y = self._coordinates[..., 1]
+
+        unmask = self._get_unmasked_polys()
+        X1 = np.ma.filled(X[:-1, :-1])[unmask]
+        Y1 = np.ma.filled(Y[:-1, :-1])[unmask]
+        X2 = np.ma.filled(X[1:, :-1])[unmask]
+        Y2 = np.ma.filled(Y[1:, :-1])[unmask]
+        X3 = np.ma.filled(X[1:, 1:])[unmask]
+        Y3 = np.ma.filled(Y[1:, 1:])[unmask]
+        X4 = np.ma.filled(X[:-1, 1:])[unmask]
+        Y4 = np.ma.filled(Y[:-1, 1:])[unmask]
+        npoly = len(X1)
+
+        xy = np.ma.stack([X1, Y1, X2, Y2, X3, Y3, X4, Y4, X1, Y1], axis=-1)
+        verts = xy.reshape((npoly, 5, 2))
+        self.set_verts(verts)
+
+    def get_edgecolor(self):
+        # docstring inherited
+        # We only want to return the facecolors of the polygons
+        # that were drawn.
+        ec = super().get_edgecolor()
+        unmasked_polys = self._get_unmasked_polys().ravel()
+        if len(ec) != len(unmasked_polys):
+            # Mapping is off
+            return ec
+        return ec[unmasked_polys, :]
+
+    def get_facecolor(self):
+        # docstring inherited
+        # We only want to return the facecolors of the polygons
+        # that were drawn.
+        fc = super().get_facecolor()
+        unmasked_polys = self._get_unmasked_polys().ravel()
+        if len(fc) != len(unmasked_polys):
+            # Mapping is off
+            return fc
+        return fc[unmasked_polys, :]
+
+    def set_array(self, A):
+        # docstring inherited
+        prev_unmask = self._get_unmasked_polys()
+        super().set_array(A)
+        # If the mask has changed at all we need to update
+        # the set of Polys that we are drawing
+        if not np.array_equal(prev_unmask, self._get_unmasked_polys()):
+            self._set_unmasked_verts()

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1645 @@
+"""
+A module for finding, managing, and using fonts across platforms.
+
+This module provides a single `FontManager` instance, ``fontManager``, that can
+be shared across backends and platforms.  The `findfont`
+function returns the best TrueType (TTF) font file in the local or
+system font path that matches the specified `FontProperties`
+instance.  The `FontManager` also handles Adobe Font Metrics
+(AFM) font files for use by the PostScript backend.
+The `FontManager.addfont` function adds a custom font from a file without
+installing it into your operating system.
+
+The design is based on the `W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1 (CSS1)
+font specification <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/>`_.
+Future versions may implement the Level 2 or 2.1 specifications.
+"""
+
+# KNOWN ISSUES
+#
+#   - documentation
+#   - font variant is untested
+#   - font stretch is incomplete
+#   - font size is incomplete
+#   - default font algorithm needs improvement and testing
+#   - setWeights function needs improvement
+#   - 'light' is an invalid weight value, remove it.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from base64 import b64encode
+import copy
+import dataclasses
+from functools import lru_cache
+import functools
+from io import BytesIO
+import json
+import logging
+from numbers import Number
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import plistlib
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import threading
+
+import matplotlib as mpl
+from matplotlib import _api, _afm, cbook, ft2font
+from matplotlib._fontconfig_pattern import (
+    parse_fontconfig_pattern, generate_fontconfig_pattern)
+from matplotlib.rcsetup import _validators
+
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+font_scalings = {
+    'xx-small': 0.579,
+    'x-small':  0.694,
+    'small':    0.833,
+    'medium':   1.0,
+    'large':    1.200,
+    'x-large':  1.440,
+    'xx-large': 1.728,
+    'larger':   1.2,
+    'smaller':  0.833,
+    None:       1.0,
+}
+stretch_dict = {
+    'ultra-condensed': 100,
+    'extra-condensed': 200,
+    'condensed':       300,
+    'semi-condensed':  400,
+    'normal':          500,
+    'semi-expanded':   600,
+    'semi-extended':   600,
+    'expanded':        700,
+    'extended':        700,
+    'extra-expanded':  800,
+    'extra-extended':  800,
+    'ultra-expanded':  900,
+    'ultra-extended':  900,
+}
+weight_dict = {
+    'ultralight': 100,
+    'light':      200,
+    'normal':     400,
+    'regular':    400,
+    'book':       400,
+    'medium':     500,
+    'roman':      500,
+    'semibold':   600,
+    'demibold':   600,
+    'demi':       600,
+    'bold':       700,
+    'heavy':      800,
+    'extra bold': 800,
+    'black':      900,
+}
+_weight_regexes = [
+    # From fontconfig's FcFreeTypeQueryFaceInternal; not the same as
+    # weight_dict!
+    ("thin", 100),
+    ("extralight", 200),
+    ("ultralight", 200),
+    ("demilight", 350),
+    ("semilight", 350),
+    ("light", 300),  # Needs to come *after* demi/semilight!
+    ("book", 380),
+    ("regular", 400),
+    ("normal", 400),
+    ("medium", 500),
+    ("demibold", 600),
+    ("demi", 600),
+    ("semibold", 600),
+    ("extrabold", 800),
+    ("superbold", 800),
+    ("ultrabold", 800),
+    ("bold", 700),  # Needs to come *after* extra/super/ultrabold!
+    ("ultrablack", 1000),
+    ("superblack", 1000),
+    ("extrablack", 1000),
+    (r"\bultra", 1000),
+    ("black", 900),  # Needs to come *after* ultra/super/extrablack!
+    ("heavy", 900),
+]
+font_family_aliases = {
+    'serif',
+    'sans-serif',
+    'sans serif',
+    'cursive',
+    'fantasy',
+    'monospace',
+    'sans',
+}
+
+# OS Font paths
+try:
+    _HOME = Path.home()
+except Exception:  # Exceptions thrown by home() are not specified...
+    _HOME = Path(os.devnull)  # Just an arbitrary path with no children.
+MSFolders = \
+    r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders'
+MSFontDirectories = [
+    r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Fonts',
+    r'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Fonts']
+MSUserFontDirectories = [
+    str(_HOME / 'AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/Fonts'),
+    str(_HOME / 'AppData/Roaming/Microsoft/Windows/Fonts'),
+]
+X11FontDirectories = [
+    # an old standard installation point
+    "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/",
+    "/usr/X11/lib/X11/fonts",
+    # here is the new standard location for fonts
+    "/usr/share/fonts/",
+    # documented as a good place to install new fonts
+    "/usr/local/share/fonts/",
+    # common application, not really useful
+    "/usr/lib/openoffice/share/fonts/truetype/",
+    # user fonts
+    str((Path(os.environ.get('XDG_DATA_HOME') or _HOME / ".local/share"))
+        / "fonts"),
+    str(_HOME / ".fonts"),
+]
+OSXFontDirectories = [
+    "/Library/Fonts/",
+    "/Network/Library/Fonts/",
+    "/System/Library/Fonts/",
+    # fonts installed via MacPorts
+    "/opt/local/share/fonts",
+    # user fonts
+    str(_HOME / "Library/Fonts"),
+]
+
+
+def get_fontext_synonyms(fontext):
+    """
+    Return a list of file extensions that are synonyms for
+    the given file extension *fileext*.
+    """
+    return {
+        'afm': ['afm'],
+        'otf': ['otf', 'ttc', 'ttf'],
+        'ttc': ['otf', 'ttc', 'ttf'],
+        'ttf': ['otf', 'ttc', 'ttf'],
+    }[fontext]
+
+
+def list_fonts(directory, extensions):
+    """
+    Return a list of all fonts matching any of the extensions, found
+    recursively under the directory.
+    """
+    extensions = ["." + ext for ext in extensions]
+    return [os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
+            # os.walk ignores access errors, unlike Path.glob.
+            for dirpath, _, filenames in os.walk(directory)
+            for filename in filenames
+            if Path(filename).suffix.lower() in extensions]
+
+
+def win32FontDirectory():
+    r"""
+    Return the user-specified font directory for Win32.  This is
+    looked up from the registry key ::
+
+      \\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders\Fonts
+
+    If the key is not found, ``%WINDIR%\Fonts`` will be returned.
+    """  # noqa: E501
+    import winreg
+    try:
+        with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, MSFolders) as user:
+            return winreg.QueryValueEx(user, 'Fonts')[0]
+    except OSError:
+        return os.path.join(os.environ['WINDIR'], 'Fonts')
+
+
+def _get_win32_installed_fonts():
+    """List the font paths known to the Windows registry."""
+    import winreg
+    items = set()
+    # Search and resolve fonts listed in the registry.
+    for domain, base_dirs in [
+            (winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, [win32FontDirectory()]),  # System.
+            (winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER, MSUserFontDirectories),  # User.
+    ]:
+        for base_dir in base_dirs:
+            for reg_path in MSFontDirectories:
+                try:
+                    with winreg.OpenKey(domain, reg_path) as local:
+                        for j in range(winreg.QueryInfoKey(local)[1]):
+                            # value may contain the filename of the font or its
+                            # absolute path.
+                            key, value, tp = winreg.EnumValue(local, j)
+                            if not isinstance(value, str):
+                                continue
+                            try:
+                                # If value contains already an absolute path,
+                                # then it is not changed further.
+                                path = Path(base_dir, value).resolve()
+                            except RuntimeError:
+                                # Don't fail with invalid entries.
+                                continue
+                            items.add(path)
+                except (OSError, MemoryError):
+                    continue
+    return items
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def _get_fontconfig_fonts():
+    """Cache and list the font paths known to ``fc-list``."""
+    try:
+        if b'--format' not in subprocess.check_output(['fc-list', '--help']):
+            _log.warning(  # fontconfig 2.7 implemented --format.
+                'Matplotlib needs fontconfig>=2.7 to query system fonts.')
+            return []
+        out = subprocess.check_output(['fc-list', '--format=%{file}\\n'])
+    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        return []
+    return [Path(os.fsdecode(fname)) for fname in out.split(b'\n')]
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def _get_macos_fonts():
+    """Cache and list the font paths known to ``system_profiler SPFontsDataType``."""
+    try:
+        d, = plistlib.loads(
+            subprocess.check_output(["system_profiler", "-xml", "SPFontsDataType"]))
+    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, plistlib.InvalidFileException):
+        return []
+    return [Path(entry["path"]) for entry in d["_items"]]
+
+
+def findSystemFonts(fontpaths=None, fontext='ttf'):
+    """
+    Search for fonts in the specified font paths.  If no paths are
+    given, will use a standard set of system paths, as well as the
+    list of fonts tracked by fontconfig if fontconfig is installed and
+    available.  A list of TrueType fonts are returned by default with
+    AFM fonts as an option.
+    """
+    fontfiles = set()
+    fontexts = get_fontext_synonyms(fontext)
+
+    if fontpaths is None:
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            installed_fonts = _get_win32_installed_fonts()
+            fontpaths = []
+        else:
+            installed_fonts = _get_fontconfig_fonts()
+            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
+                installed_fonts += _get_macos_fonts()
+                fontpaths = [*X11FontDirectories, *OSXFontDirectories]
+            else:
+                fontpaths = X11FontDirectories
+        fontfiles.update(str(path) for path in installed_fonts
+                         if path.suffix.lower()[1:] in fontexts)
+
+    elif isinstance(fontpaths, str):
+        fontpaths = [fontpaths]
+
+    for path in fontpaths:
+        fontfiles.update(map(os.path.abspath, list_fonts(path, fontexts)))
+
+    return [fname for fname in fontfiles if os.path.exists(fname)]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FontEntry:
+    """
+    A class for storing Font properties.
+
+    It is used when populating the font lookup dictionary.
+    """
+
+    fname: str = ''
+    name: str = ''
+    style: str = 'normal'
+    variant: str = 'normal'
+    weight: str | int = 'normal'
+    stretch: str = 'normal'
+    size: str = 'medium'
+
+    def _repr_html_(self) -> str:
+        png_stream = self._repr_png_()
+        png_b64 = b64encode(png_stream).decode()
+        return f"<img src=\"data:image/png;base64, {png_b64}\" />"
+
+    def _repr_png_(self) -> bytes:
+        from matplotlib.figure import Figure  # Circular import.
+        fig = Figure()
+        font_path = Path(self.fname) if self.fname != '' else None
+        fig.text(0, 0, self.name, font=font_path)
+        with BytesIO() as buf:
+            fig.savefig(buf, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=True)
+            return buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def ttfFontProperty(font):
+    """
+    Extract information from a TrueType font file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    font : `.FT2Font`
+        The TrueType font file from which information will be extracted.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    `FontEntry`
+        The extracted font properties.
+
+    """
+    name = font.family_name
+
+    #  Styles are: italic, oblique, and normal (default)
+
+    sfnt = font.get_sfnt()
+    mac_key = (1,  # platform: macintosh
+               0,  # id: roman
+               0)  # langid: english
+    ms_key = (3,  # platform: microsoft
+              1,  # id: unicode_cs
+              0x0409)  # langid: english_united_states
+
+    # These tables are actually mac_roman-encoded, but mac_roman support may be
+    # missing in some alternative Python implementations and we are only going
+    # to look for ASCII substrings, where any ASCII-compatible encoding works
+    # - or big-endian UTF-16, since important Microsoft fonts use that.
+    sfnt2 = (sfnt.get((*mac_key, 2), b'').decode('latin-1').lower() or
+             sfnt.get((*ms_key, 2), b'').decode('utf_16_be').lower())
+    sfnt4 = (sfnt.get((*mac_key, 4), b'').decode('latin-1').lower() or
+             sfnt.get((*ms_key, 4), b'').decode('utf_16_be').lower())
+
+    if sfnt4.find('oblique') >= 0:
+        style = 'oblique'
+    elif sfnt4.find('italic') >= 0:
+        style = 'italic'
+    elif sfnt2.find('regular') >= 0:
+        style = 'normal'
+    elif ft2font.StyleFlags.ITALIC in font.style_flags:
+        style = 'italic'
+    else:
+        style = 'normal'
+
+    #  Variants are: small-caps and normal (default)
+
+    #  !!!!  Untested
+    if name.lower() in ['capitals', 'small-caps']:
+        variant = 'small-caps'
+    else:
+        variant = 'normal'
+
+    # The weight-guessing algorithm is directly translated from fontconfig
+    # 2.13.1's FcFreeTypeQueryFaceInternal (fcfreetype.c).
+    wws_subfamily = 22
+    typographic_subfamily = 16
+    font_subfamily = 2
+    styles = [
+        sfnt.get((*mac_key, wws_subfamily), b'').decode('latin-1'),
+        sfnt.get((*mac_key, typographic_subfamily), b'').decode('latin-1'),
+        sfnt.get((*mac_key, font_subfamily), b'').decode('latin-1'),
+        sfnt.get((*ms_key, wws_subfamily), b'').decode('utf-16-be'),
+        sfnt.get((*ms_key, typographic_subfamily), b'').decode('utf-16-be'),
+        sfnt.get((*ms_key, font_subfamily), b'').decode('utf-16-be'),
+    ]
+    styles = [*filter(None, styles)] or [font.style_name]
+
+    def get_weight():  # From fontconfig's FcFreeTypeQueryFaceInternal.
+        # OS/2 table weight.
+        os2 = font.get_sfnt_table("OS/2")
+        if os2 and os2["version"] != 0xffff:
+            return os2["usWeightClass"]
+        # PostScript font info weight.
+        try:
+            ps_font_info_weight = (
+                font.get_ps_font_info()["weight"].replace(" ", "") or "")
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            for regex, weight in _weight_regexes:
+                if re.fullmatch(regex, ps_font_info_weight, re.I):
+                    return weight
+        # Style name weight.
+        for style in styles:
+            style = style.replace(" ", "")
+            for regex, weight in _weight_regexes:
+                if re.search(regex, style, re.I):
+                    return weight
+        if ft2font.StyleFlags.BOLD in font.style_flags:
+            return 700  # "bold"
+        return 500  # "medium", not "regular"!
+
+    weight = int(get_weight())
+
+    #  Stretch can be absolute and relative
+    #  Absolute stretches are: ultra-condensed, extra-condensed, condensed,
+    #    semi-condensed, normal, semi-expanded, expanded, extra-expanded,
+    #    and ultra-expanded.
+    #  Relative stretches are: wider, narrower
+    #  Child value is: inherit
+
+    if any(word in sfnt4 for word in ['narrow', 'condensed', 'cond']):
+        stretch = 'condensed'
+    elif 'demi cond' in sfnt4:
+        stretch = 'semi-condensed'
+    elif any(word in sfnt4 for word in ['wide', 'expanded', 'extended']):
+        stretch = 'expanded'
+    else:
+        stretch = 'normal'
+
+    #  Sizes can be absolute and relative.
+    #  Absolute sizes are: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large,
+    #    and xx-large.
+    #  Relative sizes are: larger, smaller
+    #  Length value is an absolute font size, e.g., 12pt
+    #  Percentage values are in 'em's.  Most robust specification.
+
+    if not font.scalable:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Non-scalable fonts are not supported")
+    size = 'scalable'
+
+    return FontEntry(font.fname, name, style, variant, weight, stretch, size)
+
+
+def afmFontProperty(fontpath, font):
+    """
+    Extract information from an AFM font file.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fontpath : str
+        The filename corresponding to *font*.
+    font : AFM
+        The AFM font file from which information will be extracted.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    `FontEntry`
+        The extracted font properties.
+    """
+
+    name = font.get_familyname()
+    fontname = font.get_fontname().lower()
+
+    #  Styles are: italic, oblique, and normal (default)
+
+    if font.get_angle() != 0 or 'italic' in name.lower():
+        style = 'italic'
+    elif 'oblique' in name.lower():
+        style = 'oblique'
+    else:
+        style = 'normal'
+
+    #  Variants are: small-caps and normal (default)
+
+    # !!!!  Untested
+    if name.lower() in ['capitals', 'small-caps']:
+        variant = 'small-caps'
+    else:
+        variant = 'normal'
+
+    weight = font.get_weight().lower()
+    if weight not in weight_dict:
+        weight = 'normal'
+
+    #  Stretch can be absolute and relative
+    #  Absolute stretches are: ultra-condensed, extra-condensed, condensed,
+    #    semi-condensed, normal, semi-expanded, expanded, extra-expanded,
+    #    and ultra-expanded.
+    #  Relative stretches are: wider, narrower
+    #  Child value is: inherit
+    if 'demi cond' in fontname:
+        stretch = 'semi-condensed'
+    elif any(word in fontname for word in ['narrow', 'cond']):
+        stretch = 'condensed'
+    elif any(word in fontname for word in ['wide', 'expanded', 'extended']):
+        stretch = 'expanded'
+    else:
+        stretch = 'normal'
+
+    #  Sizes can be absolute and relative.
+    #  Absolute sizes are: xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large,
+    #    and xx-large.
+    #  Relative sizes are: larger, smaller
+    #  Length value is an absolute font size, e.g., 12pt
+    #  Percentage values are in 'em's.  Most robust specification.
+
+    #  All AFM fonts are apparently scalable.
+
+    size = 'scalable'
+
+    return FontEntry(fontpath, name, style, variant, weight, stretch, size)
+
+
+def _cleanup_fontproperties_init(init_method):
+    """
+    A decorator to limit the call signature to single a positional argument
+    or alternatively only keyword arguments.
+
+    We still accept but deprecate all other call signatures.
+
+    When the deprecation expires we can switch the signature to::
+
+        __init__(self, pattern=None, /, *, family=None, style=None, ...)
+
+    plus a runtime check that pattern is not used alongside with the
+    keyword arguments. This results eventually in the two possible
+    call signatures::
+
+        FontProperties(pattern)
+        FontProperties(family=..., size=..., ...)
+
+    """
+    @functools.wraps(init_method)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        # multiple args with at least some positional ones
+        if len(args) > 1 or len(args) == 1 and kwargs:
+            # Note: Both cases were previously handled as individual properties.
+            # Therefore, we do not mention the case of font properties here.
+            _api.warn_deprecated(
+                "3.10",
+                message="Passing individual properties to FontProperties() "
+                        "positionally was deprecated in Matplotlib %(since)s and "
+                        "will be removed in %(removal)s. Please pass all properties "
+                        "via keyword arguments."
+            )
+        # single non-string arg -> clearly a family not a pattern
+        if len(args) == 1 and not kwargs and not cbook.is_scalar_or_string(args[0]):
+            # Case font-family list passed as single argument
+            _api.warn_deprecated(
+                "3.10",
+                message="Passing family as positional argument to FontProperties() "
+                        "was deprecated in Matplotlib %(since)s and will be removed "
+                        "in %(removal)s. Please pass family names as keyword"
+                        "argument."
+            )
+        # Note on single string arg:
+        # This has been interpreted as pattern so far. We are already raising if a
+        # non-pattern compatible family string was given. Therefore, we do not need
+        # to warn for this case.
+        return init_method(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class FontProperties:
+    """
+    A class for storing and manipulating font properties.
+
+    The font properties are the six properties described in the
+    `W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1
+    <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/>`_ font
+    specification and *math_fontfamily* for math fonts:
+
+    - family: A list of font names in decreasing order of priority.
+      The items may include a generic font family name, either 'sans-serif',
+      'serif', 'cursive', 'fantasy', or 'monospace'.  In that case, the actual
+      font to be used will be looked up from the associated rcParam during the
+      search process in `.findfont`. Default: :rc:`font.family`
+
+    - style: Either 'normal', 'italic' or 'oblique'.
+      Default: :rc:`font.style`
+
+    - variant: Either 'normal' or 'small-caps'.
+      Default: :rc:`font.variant`
+
+    - stretch: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of
+      'ultra-condensed', 'extra-condensed', 'condensed',
+      'semi-condensed', 'normal', 'semi-expanded', 'expanded',
+      'extra-expanded' or 'ultra-expanded'. Default: :rc:`font.stretch`
+
+    - weight: A numeric value in the range 0-1000 or one of
+      'ultralight', 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book', 'medium',
+      'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold', 'heavy',
+      'extra bold', 'black'. Default: :rc:`font.weight`
+
+    - size: Either a relative value of 'xx-small', 'x-small',
+      'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large' or an
+      absolute font size, e.g., 10. Default: :rc:`font.size`
+
+    - math_fontfamily: The family of fonts used to render math text.
+      Supported values are: 'dejavusans', 'dejavuserif', 'cm',
+      'stix', 'stixsans' and 'custom'. Default: :rc:`mathtext.fontset`
+
+    Alternatively, a font may be specified using the absolute path to a font
+    file, by using the *fname* kwarg.  However, in this case, it is typically
+    simpler to just pass the path (as a `pathlib.Path`, not a `str`) to the
+    *font* kwarg of the `.Text` object.
+
+    The preferred usage of font sizes is to use the relative values,
+    e.g.,  'large', instead of absolute font sizes, e.g., 12.  This
+    approach allows all text sizes to be made larger or smaller based
+    on the font manager's default font size.
+
+    This class accepts a single positional string as fontconfig_ pattern_,
+    or alternatively individual properties as keyword arguments::
+
+        FontProperties(pattern)
+        FontProperties(*, family=None, style=None, variant=None, ...)
+
+    This support does not depend on fontconfig; we are merely borrowing its
+    pattern syntax for use here.
+
+    .. _fontconfig: https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/fontconfig/
+    .. _pattern:
+       https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html
+
+    Note that Matplotlib's internal font manager and fontconfig use a
+    different algorithm to lookup fonts, so the results of the same pattern
+    may be different in Matplotlib than in other applications that use
+    fontconfig.
+    """
+
+    @_cleanup_fontproperties_init
+    def __init__(self, family=None, style=None, variant=None, weight=None,
+                 stretch=None, size=None,
+                 fname=None,  # if set, it's a hardcoded filename to use
+                 math_fontfamily=None):
+        self.set_family(family)
+        self.set_style(style)
+        self.set_variant(variant)
+        self.set_weight(weight)
+        self.set_stretch(stretch)
+        self.set_file(fname)
+        self.set_size(size)
+        self.set_math_fontfamily(math_fontfamily)
+        # Treat family as a fontconfig pattern if it is the only parameter
+        # provided.  Even in that case, call the other setters first to set
+        # attributes not specified by the pattern to the rcParams defaults.
+        if (isinstance(family, str)
+                and style is None and variant is None and weight is None
+                and stretch is None and size is None and fname is None):
+            self.set_fontconfig_pattern(family)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_any(cls, arg):
+        """
+        Generic constructor which can build a `.FontProperties` from any of the
+        following:
+
+        - a `.FontProperties`: it is passed through as is;
+        - `None`: a `.FontProperties` using rc values is used;
+        - an `os.PathLike`: it is used as path to the font file;
+        - a `str`: it is parsed as a fontconfig pattern;
+        - a `dict`: it is passed as ``**kwargs`` to `.FontProperties`.
+        """
+        if arg is None:
+            return cls()
+        elif isinstance(arg, cls):
+            return arg
+        elif isinstance(arg, os.PathLike):
+            return cls(fname=arg)
+        elif isinstance(arg, str):
+            return cls(arg)
+        else:
+            return cls(**arg)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        l = (tuple(self.get_family()),
+             self.get_slant(),
+             self.get_variant(),
+             self.get_weight(),
+             self.get_stretch(),
+             self.get_size(),
+             self.get_file(),
+             self.get_math_fontfamily())
+        return hash(l)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return hash(self) == hash(other)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.get_fontconfig_pattern()
+
+    def get_family(self):
+        """
+        Return a list of individual font family names or generic family names.
+
+        The font families or generic font families (which will be resolved
+        from their respective rcParams when searching for a matching font) in
+        the order of preference.
+        """
+        return self._family
+
+    def get_name(self):
+        """
+        Return the name of the font that best matches the font properties.
+        """
+        return get_font(findfont(self)).family_name
+
+    def get_style(self):
+        """
+        Return the font style.  Values are: 'normal', 'italic' or 'oblique'.
+        """
+        return self._slant
+
+    def get_variant(self):
+        """
+        Return the font variant.  Values are: 'normal' or 'small-caps'.
+        """
+        return self._variant
+
+    def get_weight(self):
+        """
+        Set the font weight.  Options are: A numeric value in the
+        range 0-1000 or one of 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book',
+        'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold',
+        'heavy', 'extra bold', 'black'
+        """
+        return self._weight
+
+    def get_stretch(self):
+        """
+        Return the font stretch or width.  Options are: 'ultra-condensed',
+        'extra-condensed', 'condensed', 'semi-condensed', 'normal',
+        'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded', 'ultra-expanded'.
+        """
+        return self._stretch
+
+    def get_size(self):
+        """
+        Return the font size.
+        """
+        return self._size
+
+    def get_file(self):
+        """
+        Return the filename of the associated font.
+        """
+        return self._file
+
+    def get_fontconfig_pattern(self):
+        """
+        Get a fontconfig_ pattern_ suitable for looking up the font as
+        specified with fontconfig's ``fc-match`` utility.
+
+        This support does not depend on fontconfig; we are merely borrowing its
+        pattern syntax for use here.
+        """
+        return generate_fontconfig_pattern(self)
+
+    def set_family(self, family):
+        """
+        Change the font family.  Can be either an alias (generic name
+        is CSS parlance), such as: 'serif', 'sans-serif', 'cursive',
+        'fantasy', or 'monospace', a real font name or a list of real
+        font names.  Real font names are not supported when
+        :rc:`text.usetex` is `True`. Default: :rc:`font.family`
+        """
+        if family is None:
+            family = mpl.rcParams['font.family']
+        if isinstance(family, str):
+            family = [family]
+        self._family = family
+
+    def set_style(self, style):
+        """
+        Set the font style.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        style : {'normal', 'italic', 'oblique'}, default: :rc:`font.style`
+        """
+        if style is None:
+            style = mpl.rcParams['font.style']
+        _api.check_in_list(['normal', 'italic', 'oblique'], style=style)
+        self._slant = style
+
+    def set_variant(self, variant):
+        """
+        Set the font variant.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        variant : {'normal', 'small-caps'}, default: :rc:`font.variant`
+        """
+        if variant is None:
+            variant = mpl.rcParams['font.variant']
+        _api.check_in_list(['normal', 'small-caps'], variant=variant)
+        self._variant = variant
+
+    def set_weight(self, weight):
+        """
+        Set the font weight.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        weight : int or {'ultralight', 'light', 'normal', 'regular', 'book', \
+'medium', 'roman', 'semibold', 'demibold', 'demi', 'bold', 'heavy', \
+'extra bold', 'black'}, default: :rc:`font.weight`
+            If int, must be in the range  0-1000.
+        """
+        if weight is None:
+            weight = mpl.rcParams['font.weight']
+        if weight in weight_dict:
+            self._weight = weight
+            return
+        try:
+            weight = int(weight)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if 0 <= weight <= 1000:
+                self._weight = weight
+                return
+        raise ValueError(f"{weight=} is invalid")
+
+    def set_stretch(self, stretch):
+        """
+        Set the font stretch or width.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        stretch : int or {'ultra-condensed', 'extra-condensed', 'condensed', \
+'semi-condensed', 'normal', 'semi-expanded', 'expanded', 'extra-expanded', \
+'ultra-expanded'}, default: :rc:`font.stretch`
+            If int, must be in the range  0-1000.
+        """
+        if stretch is None:
+            stretch = mpl.rcParams['font.stretch']
+        if stretch in stretch_dict:
+            self._stretch = stretch
+            return
+        try:
+            stretch = int(stretch)
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if 0 <= stretch <= 1000:
+                self._stretch = stretch
+                return
+        raise ValueError(f"{stretch=} is invalid")
+
+    def set_size(self, size):
+        """
+        Set the font size.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        size : float or {'xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', \
+'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large'}, default: :rc:`font.size`
+            If a float, the font size in points. The string values denote
+            sizes relative to the default font size.
+        """
+        if size is None:
+            size = mpl.rcParams['font.size']
+        try:
+            size = float(size)
+        except ValueError:
+            try:
+                scale = font_scalings[size]
+            except KeyError as err:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Size is invalid. Valid font size are "
+                    + ", ".join(map(str, font_scalings))) from err
+            else:
+                size = scale * FontManager.get_default_size()
+        if size < 1.0:
+            _log.info('Fontsize %1.2f < 1.0 pt not allowed by FreeType. '
+                      'Setting fontsize = 1 pt', size)
+            size = 1.0
+        self._size = size
+
+    def set_file(self, file):
+        """
+        Set the filename of the fontfile to use.  In this case, all
+        other properties will be ignored.
+        """
+        self._file = os.fspath(file) if file is not None else None
+
+    def set_fontconfig_pattern(self, pattern):
+        """
+        Set the properties by parsing a fontconfig_ *pattern*.
+
+        This support does not depend on fontconfig; we are merely borrowing its
+        pattern syntax for use here.
+        """
+        for key, val in parse_fontconfig_pattern(pattern).items():
+            if type(val) is list:
+                getattr(self, "set_" + key)(val[0])
+            else:
+                getattr(self, "set_" + key)(val)
+
+    def get_math_fontfamily(self):
+        """
+        Return the name of the font family used for math text.
+
+        The default font is :rc:`mathtext.fontset`.
+        """
+        return self._math_fontfamily
+
+    def set_math_fontfamily(self, fontfamily):
+        """
+        Set the font family for text in math mode.
+
+        If not set explicitly, :rc:`mathtext.fontset` will be used.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fontfamily : str
+            The name of the font family.
+
+            Available font families are defined in the
+            :ref:`default matplotlibrc file <customizing-with-matplotlibrc-files>`.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        .text.Text.get_math_fontfamily
+        """
+        if fontfamily is None:
+            fontfamily = mpl.rcParams['mathtext.fontset']
+        else:
+            valid_fonts = _validators['mathtext.fontset'].valid.values()
+            # _check_in_list() Validates the parameter math_fontfamily as
+            # if it were passed to rcParams['mathtext.fontset']
+            _api.check_in_list(valid_fonts, math_fontfamily=fontfamily)
+        self._math_fontfamily = fontfamily
+
+    def copy(self):
+        """Return a copy of self."""
+        return copy.copy(self)
+
+    # Aliases
+    set_name = set_family
+    get_slant = get_style
+    set_slant = set_style
+    get_size_in_points = get_size
+
+
+class _JSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
+    def default(self, o):
+        if isinstance(o, FontManager):
+            return dict(o.__dict__, __class__='FontManager')
+        elif isinstance(o, FontEntry):
+            d = dict(o.__dict__, __class__='FontEntry')
+            try:
+                # Cache paths of fonts shipped with Matplotlib relative to the
+                # Matplotlib data path, which helps in the presence of venvs.
+                d["fname"] = str(Path(d["fname"]).relative_to(mpl.get_data_path()))
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+            return d
+        else:
+            return super().default(o)
+
+
+def _json_decode(o):
+    cls = o.pop('__class__', None)
+    if cls is None:
+        return o
+    elif cls == 'FontManager':
+        r = FontManager.__new__(FontManager)
+        r.__dict__.update(o)
+        return r
+    elif cls == 'FontEntry':
+        if not os.path.isabs(o['fname']):
+            o['fname'] = os.path.join(mpl.get_data_path(), o['fname'])
+        r = FontEntry(**o)
+        return r
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Don't know how to deserialize __class__=%s" % cls)
+
+
+def json_dump(data, filename):
+    """
+    Dump `FontManager` *data* as JSON to the file named *filename*.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    json_load
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    File paths that are children of the Matplotlib data path (typically, fonts
+    shipped with Matplotlib) are stored relative to that data path (to remain
+    valid across virtualenvs).
+
+    This function temporarily locks the output file to prevent multiple
+    processes from overwriting one another's output.
+    """
+    try:
+        with cbook._lock_path(filename), open(filename, 'w') as fh:
+            json.dump(data, fh, cls=_JSONEncoder, indent=2)
+    except OSError as e:
+        _log.warning('Could not save font_manager cache %s', e)
+
+
+def json_load(filename):
+    """
+    Load a `FontManager` from the JSON file named *filename*.
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+    json_dump
+    """
+    with open(filename) as fh:
+        return json.load(fh, object_hook=_json_decode)
+
+
+class FontManager:
+    """
+    On import, the `FontManager` singleton instance creates a list of ttf and
+    afm fonts and caches their `FontProperties`.  The `FontManager.findfont`
+    method does a nearest neighbor search to find the font that most closely
+    matches the specification.  If no good enough match is found, the default
+    font is returned.
+
+    Fonts added with the `FontManager.addfont` method will not persist in the
+    cache; therefore, `addfont` will need to be called every time Matplotlib is
+    imported. This method should only be used if and when a font cannot be
+    installed on your operating system by other means.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    The `FontManager.addfont` method must be called on the global `FontManager`
+    instance.
+
+    Example usage::
+
+        import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+        from matplotlib import font_manager
+
+        font_dirs = ["/resources/fonts"]  # The path to the custom font file.
+        font_files = font_manager.findSystemFonts(fontpaths=font_dirs)
+
+        for font_file in font_files:
+            font_manager.fontManager.addfont(font_file)
+    """
+    # Increment this version number whenever the font cache data
+    # format or behavior has changed and requires an existing font
+    # cache files to be rebuilt.
+    __version__ = 390
+
+    def __init__(self, size=None, weight='normal'):
+        self._version = self.__version__
+
+        self.__default_weight = weight
+        self.default_size = size
+
+        # Create list of font paths.
+        paths = [cbook._get_data_path('fonts', subdir)
+                 for subdir in ['ttf', 'afm', 'pdfcorefonts']]
+        _log.debug('font search path %s', paths)
+
+        self.defaultFamily = {
+            'ttf': 'DejaVu Sans',
+            'afm': 'Helvetica'}
+
+        self.afmlist = []
+        self.ttflist = []
+
+        # Delay the warning by 5s.
+        timer = threading.Timer(5, lambda: _log.warning(
+            'Matplotlib is building the font cache; this may take a moment.'))
+        timer.start()
+        try:
+            for fontext in ["afm", "ttf"]:
+                for path in [*findSystemFonts(paths, fontext=fontext),
+                             *findSystemFonts(fontext=fontext)]:
+                    try:
+                        self.addfont(path)
+                    except OSError as exc:
+                        _log.info("Failed to open font file %s: %s", path, exc)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        _log.info("Failed to extract font properties from %s: "
+                                  "%s", path, exc)
+        finally:
+            timer.cancel()
+
+    def addfont(self, path):
+        """
+        Cache the properties of the font at *path* to make it available to the
+        `FontManager`.  The type of font is inferred from the path suffix.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str or path-like
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This method is useful for adding a custom font without installing it in
+        your operating system. See the `FontManager` singleton instance for
+        usage and caveats about this function.
+        """
+        # Convert to string in case of a path as
+        # afmFontProperty and FT2Font expect this
+        path = os.fsdecode(path)
+        if Path(path).suffix.lower() == ".afm":
+            with open(path, "rb") as fh:
+                font = _afm.AFM(fh)
+            prop = afmFontProperty(path, font)
+            self.afmlist.append(prop)
+        else:
+            font = ft2font.FT2Font(path)
+            prop = ttfFontProperty(font)
+            self.ttflist.append(prop)
+        self._findfont_cached.cache_clear()
+
+    @property
+    def defaultFont(self):
+        # Lazily evaluated (findfont then caches the result) to avoid including
+        # the venv path in the json serialization.
+        return {ext: self.findfont(family, fontext=ext)
+                for ext, family in self.defaultFamily.items()}
+
+    def get_default_weight(self):
+        """
+        Return the default font weight.
+        """
+        return self.__default_weight
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_default_size():
+        """
+        Return the default font size.
+        """
+        return mpl.rcParams['font.size']
+
+    def set_default_weight(self, weight):
+        """
+        Set the default font weight.  The initial value is 'normal'.
+        """
+        self.__default_weight = weight
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expand_aliases(family):
+        if family in ('sans', 'sans serif'):
+            family = 'sans-serif'
+        return mpl.rcParams['font.' + family]
+
+    # Each of the scoring functions below should return a value between
+    # 0.0 (perfect match) and 1.0 (terrible match)
+    def score_family(self, families, family2):
+        """
+        Return a match score between the list of font families in
+        *families* and the font family name *family2*.
+
+        An exact match at the head of the list returns 0.0.
+
+        A match further down the list will return between 0 and 1.
+
+        No match will return 1.0.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(families, (list, tuple)):
+            families = [families]
+        elif len(families) == 0:
+            return 1.0
+        family2 = family2.lower()
+        step = 1 / len(families)
+        for i, family1 in enumerate(families):
+            family1 = family1.lower()
+            if family1 in font_family_aliases:
+                options = [*map(str.lower, self._expand_aliases(family1))]
+                if family2 in options:
+                    idx = options.index(family2)
+                    return (i + (idx / len(options))) * step
+            elif family1 == family2:
+                # The score should be weighted by where in the
+                # list the font was found.
+                return i * step
+        return 1.0
+
+    def score_style(self, style1, style2):
+        """
+        Return a match score between *style1* and *style2*.
+
+        An exact match returns 0.0.
+
+        A match between 'italic' and 'oblique' returns 0.1.
+
+        No match returns 1.0.
+        """
+        if style1 == style2:
+            return 0.0
+        elif (style1 in ('italic', 'oblique')
+              and style2 in ('italic', 'oblique')):
+            return 0.1
+        return 1.0
+
+    def score_variant(self, variant1, variant2):
+        """
+        Return a match score between *variant1* and *variant2*.
+
+        An exact match returns 0.0, otherwise 1.0.
+        """
+        if variant1 == variant2:
+            return 0.0
+        else:
+            return 1.0
+
+    def score_stretch(self, stretch1, stretch2):
+        """
+        Return a match score between *stretch1* and *stretch2*.
+
+        The result is the absolute value of the difference between the
+        CSS numeric values of *stretch1* and *stretch2*, normalized
+        between 0.0 and 1.0.
+        """
+        try:
+            stretchval1 = int(stretch1)
+        except ValueError:
+            stretchval1 = stretch_dict.get(stretch1, 500)
+        try:
+            stretchval2 = int(stretch2)
+        except ValueError:
+            stretchval2 = stretch_dict.get(stretch2, 500)
+        return abs(stretchval1 - stretchval2) / 1000.0
+
+    def score_weight(self, weight1, weight2):
+        """
+        Return a match score between *weight1* and *weight2*.
+
+        The result is 0.0 if both weight1 and weight 2 are given as strings
+        and have the same value.
+
+        Otherwise, the result is the absolute value of the difference between
+        the CSS numeric values of *weight1* and *weight2*, normalized between
+        0.05 and 1.0.
+        """
+        # exact match of the weight names, e.g. weight1 == weight2 == "regular"
+        if cbook._str_equal(weight1, weight2):
+            return 0.0
+        w1 = weight1 if isinstance(weight1, Number) else weight_dict[weight1]
+        w2 = weight2 if isinstance(weight2, Number) else weight_dict[weight2]
+        return 0.95 * (abs(w1 - w2) / 1000) + 0.05
+
+    def score_size(self, size1, size2):
+        """
+        Return a match score between *size1* and *size2*.
+
+        If *size2* (the size specified in the font file) is 'scalable', this
+        function always returns 0.0, since any font size can be generated.
+
+        Otherwise, the result is the absolute distance between *size1* and
+        *size2*, normalized so that the usual range of font sizes (6pt -
+        72pt) will lie between 0.0 and 1.0.
+        """
+        if size2 == 'scalable':
+            return 0.0
+        # Size value should have already been
+        try:
+            sizeval1 = float(size1)
+        except ValueError:
+            sizeval1 = self.default_size * font_scalings[size1]
+        try:
+            sizeval2 = float(size2)
+        except ValueError:
+            return 1.0
+        return abs(sizeval1 - sizeval2) / 72
+
+    def findfont(self, prop, fontext='ttf', directory=None,
+                 fallback_to_default=True, rebuild_if_missing=True):
+        """
+        Find the path to the font file most closely matching the given font properties.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        prop : str or `~matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties`
+            The font properties to search for. This can be either a
+            `.FontProperties` object or a string defining a
+            `fontconfig patterns`_.
+
+        fontext : {'ttf', 'afm'}, default: 'ttf'
+            The extension of the font file:
+
+            - 'ttf': TrueType and OpenType fonts (.ttf, .ttc, .otf)
+            - 'afm': Adobe Font Metrics (.afm)
+
+        directory : str, optional
+            If given, only search this directory and its subdirectories.
+
+        fallback_to_default : bool
+            If True, will fall back to the default font family (usually
+            "DejaVu Sans" or "Helvetica") if the first lookup hard-fails.
+
+        rebuild_if_missing : bool
+            Whether to rebuild the font cache and search again if the first
+            match appears to point to a nonexisting font (i.e., the font cache
+            contains outdated entries).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            The filename of the best matching font.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This performs a nearest neighbor search.  Each font is given a
+        similarity score to the target font properties.  The first font with
+        the highest score is returned.  If no matches below a certain
+        threshold are found, the default font (usually DejaVu Sans) is
+        returned.
+
+        The result is cached, so subsequent lookups don't have to
+        perform the O(n) nearest neighbor search.
+
+        See the `W3C Cascading Style Sheet, Level 1
+        <http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-CSS2-19980512/>`_ documentation
+        for a description of the font finding algorithm.
+
+        .. _fontconfig patterns:
+           https://www.freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html
+        """
+        # Pass the relevant rcParams (and the font manager, as `self`) to
+        # _findfont_cached so to prevent using a stale cache entry after an
+        # rcParam was changed.
+        rc_params = tuple(tuple(mpl.rcParams[key]) for key in [
+            "font.serif", "font.sans-serif", "font.cursive", "font.fantasy",
+            "font.monospace"])
+        ret = self._findfont_cached(
+            prop, fontext, directory, fallback_to_default, rebuild_if_missing,
+            rc_params)
+        if isinstance(ret, cbook._ExceptionInfo):
+            raise ret.to_exception()
+        return ret
+
+    def get_font_names(self):
+        """Return the list of available fonts."""
+        return list({font.name for font in self.ttflist})
+
+    def _find_fonts_by_props(self, prop, fontext='ttf', directory=None,
+                             fallback_to_default=True, rebuild_if_missing=True):
+        """
+        Find the paths to the font files most closely matching the given properties.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        prop : str or `~matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties`
+            The font properties to search for. This can be either a
+            `.FontProperties` object or a string defining a
+            `fontconfig patterns`_.
+
+        fontext : {'ttf', 'afm'}, default: 'ttf'
+            The extension of the font file:
+
+            - 'ttf': TrueType and OpenType fonts (.ttf, .ttc, .otf)
+            - 'afm': Adobe Font Metrics (.afm)
+
+        directory : str, optional
+            If given, only search this directory and its subdirectories.
+
+        fallback_to_default : bool
+            If True, will fall back to the default font family (usually
+            "DejaVu Sans" or "Helvetica") if none of the families were found.
+
+        rebuild_if_missing : bool
+            Whether to rebuild the font cache and search again if the first
+            match appears to point to a nonexisting font (i.e., the font cache
+            contains outdated entries).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        list[str]
+            The paths of the fonts found.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        This is an extension/wrapper of the original findfont API, which only
+        returns a single font for given font properties. Instead, this API
+        returns a list of filepaths of multiple fonts which closely match the
+        given font properties.  Since this internally uses the original API,
+        there's no change to the logic of performing the nearest neighbor
+        search.  See `findfont` for more details.
+        """
+
+        prop = FontProperties._from_any(prop)
+
+        fpaths = []
+        for family in prop.get_family():
+            cprop = prop.copy()
+            cprop.set_family(family)  # set current prop's family
+
+            try:
+                fpaths.append(
+                    self.findfont(
+                        cprop, fontext, directory,
+                        fallback_to_default=False,  # don't fallback to default
+                        rebuild_if_missing=rebuild_if_missing,
+                    )
+                )
+            except ValueError:
+                if family in font_family_aliases:
+                    _log.warning(
+                        "findfont: Generic family %r not found because "
+                        "none of the following families were found: %s",
+                        family, ", ".join(self._expand_aliases(family))
+                    )
+                else:
+                    _log.warning("findfont: Font family %r not found.", family)
+
+        # only add default family if no other font was found and
+        # fallback_to_default is enabled
+        if not fpaths:
+            if fallback_to_default:
+                dfamily = self.defaultFamily[fontext]
+                cprop = prop.copy()
+                cprop.set_family(dfamily)
+                fpaths.append(
+                    self.findfont(
+                        cprop, fontext, directory,
+                        fallback_to_default=True,
+                        rebuild_if_missing=rebuild_if_missing,
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Failed to find any font, and fallback "
+                                 "to the default font was disabled")
+
+        return fpaths
+
+    @lru_cache(1024)
+    def _findfont_cached(self, prop, fontext, directory, fallback_to_default,
+                         rebuild_if_missing, rc_params):
+
+        prop = FontProperties._from_any(prop)
+
+        fname = prop.get_file()
+        if fname is not None:
+            return fname
+
+        if fontext == 'afm':
+            fontlist = self.afmlist
+        else:
+            fontlist = self.ttflist
+
+        best_score = 1e64
+        best_font = None
+
+        _log.debug('findfont: Matching %s.', prop)
+        for font in fontlist:
+            if (directory is not None and
+                    Path(directory) not in Path(font.fname).parents):
+                continue
+            # Matching family should have top priority, so multiply it by 10.
+            score = (self.score_family(prop.get_family(), font.name) * 10
+                     + self.score_style(prop.get_style(), font.style)
+                     + self.score_variant(prop.get_variant(), font.variant)
+                     + self.score_weight(prop.get_weight(), font.weight)
+                     + self.score_stretch(prop.get_stretch(), font.stretch)
+                     + self.score_size(prop.get_size(), font.size))
+            _log.debug('findfont: score(%s) = %s', font, score)
+            if score < best_score:
+                best_score = score
+                best_font = font
+            if score == 0:
+                break
+
+        if best_font is None or best_score >= 10.0:
+            if fallback_to_default:
+                _log.warning(
+                    'findfont: Font family %s not found. Falling back to %s.',
+                    prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext])
+                for family in map(str.lower, prop.get_family()):
+                    if family in font_family_aliases:
+                        _log.warning(
+                            "findfont: Generic family %r not found because "
+                            "none of the following families were found: %s",
+                            family, ", ".join(self._expand_aliases(family)))
+                default_prop = prop.copy()
+                default_prop.set_family(self.defaultFamily[fontext])
+                return self.findfont(default_prop, fontext, directory,
+                                     fallback_to_default=False)
+            else:
+                # This return instead of raise is intentional, as we wish to
+                # cache that it was not found, which will not occur if it was
+                # actually raised.
+                return cbook._ExceptionInfo(
+                    ValueError,
+                    f"Failed to find font {prop}, and fallback to the default font was "
+                    f"disabled"
+                )
+        else:
+            _log.debug('findfont: Matching %s to %s (%r) with score of %f.',
+                       prop, best_font.name, best_font.fname, best_score)
+            result = best_font.fname
+
+        if not os.path.isfile(result):
+            if rebuild_if_missing:
+                _log.info(
+                    'findfont: Found a missing font file.  Rebuilding cache.')
+                new_fm = _load_fontmanager(try_read_cache=False)
+                # Replace self by the new fontmanager, because users may have
+                # a reference to this specific instance.
+                # TODO: _load_fontmanager should really be (used by) a method
+                # modifying the instance in place.
+                vars(self).update(vars(new_fm))
+                return self.findfont(
+                    prop, fontext, directory, rebuild_if_missing=False)
+            else:
+                # This return instead of raise is intentional, as we wish to
+                # cache that it was not found, which will not occur if it was
+                # actually raised.
+                return cbook._ExceptionInfo(ValueError, "No valid font could be found")
+
+        return _cached_realpath(result)
+
+
+@lru_cache
+def is_opentype_cff_font(filename):
+    """
+    Return whether the given font is a Postscript Compact Font Format Font
+    embedded in an OpenType wrapper.  Used by the PostScript and PDF backends
+    that cannot subset these fonts.
+    """
+    if os.path.splitext(filename)[1].lower() == '.otf':
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as fd:
+            return fd.read(4) == b"OTTO"
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+@lru_cache(64)
+def _get_font(font_filepaths, hinting_factor, *, _kerning_factor, thread_id):
+    first_fontpath, *rest = font_filepaths
+    return ft2font.FT2Font(
+        first_fontpath, hinting_factor,
+        _fallback_list=[
+            ft2font.FT2Font(
+                fpath, hinting_factor,
+                _kerning_factor=_kerning_factor
+            )
+            for fpath in rest
+        ],
+        _kerning_factor=_kerning_factor
+    )
+
+
+# FT2Font objects cannot be used across fork()s because they reference the same
+# FT_Library object.  While invalidating *all* existing FT2Fonts after a fork
+# would be too complicated to be worth it, the main way FT2Fonts get reused is
+# via the cache of _get_font, which we can empty upon forking (not on Windows,
+# which has no fork() or register_at_fork()).
+if hasattr(os, "register_at_fork"):
+    os.register_at_fork(after_in_child=_get_font.cache_clear)
+
+
+@lru_cache(64)
+def _cached_realpath(path):
+    # Resolving the path avoids embedding the font twice in pdf/ps output if a
+    # single font is selected using two different relative paths.
+    return os.path.realpath(path)
+
+
+def get_font(font_filepaths, hinting_factor=None):
+    """
+    Get an `.ft2font.FT2Font` object given a list of file paths.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    font_filepaths : Iterable[str, Path, bytes], str, Path, bytes
+        Relative or absolute paths to the font files to be used.
+
+        If a single string, bytes, or `pathlib.Path`, then it will be treated
+        as a list with that entry only.
+
+        If more than one filepath is passed, then the returned FT2Font object
+        will fall back through the fonts, in the order given, to find a needed
+        glyph.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    `.ft2font.FT2Font`
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(font_filepaths, (str, Path, bytes)):
+        paths = (_cached_realpath(font_filepaths),)
+    else:
+        paths = tuple(_cached_realpath(fname) for fname in font_filepaths)
+
+    if hinting_factor is None:
+        hinting_factor = mpl.rcParams['text.hinting_factor']
+
+    return _get_font(
+        # must be a tuple to be cached
+        paths,
+        hinting_factor,
+        _kerning_factor=mpl.rcParams['text.kerning_factor'],
+        # also key on the thread ID to prevent segfaults with multi-threading
+        thread_id=threading.get_ident()
+    )
+
+
+def _load_fontmanager(*, try_read_cache=True):
+    fm_path = Path(
+        mpl.get_cachedir(), f"fontlist-v{FontManager.__version__}.json")
+    if try_read_cache:
+        try:
+            fm = json_load(fm_path)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        else:
+            if getattr(fm, "_version", object()) == FontManager.__version__:
+                _log.debug("Using fontManager instance from %s", fm_path)
+                return fm
+    fm = FontManager()
+    json_dump(fm, fm_path)
+    _log.info("generated new fontManager")
+    return fm
+
+
+fontManager = _load_fontmanager()
+findfont = fontManager.findfont
+get_font_names = fontManager.get_font_names

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/offsetbox.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+import matplotlib.artist as martist
+from matplotlib.backend_bases import RendererBase, Event, FigureCanvasBase
+from matplotlib.colors import Colormap, Normalize
+import matplotlib.text as mtext
+from matplotlib.figure import Figure, SubFigure
+from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
+from matplotlib.image import BboxImage
+from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch, FancyBboxPatch
+from matplotlib.transforms import Bbox, BboxBase, Transform
+from matplotlib.typing import CoordsType
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import ArrayLike
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from typing import Any, Literal, overload
+
+DEBUG: bool
+
+def _get_packed_offsets(
+    widths: Sequence[float],
+    total: float | None,
+    sep: float | None,
+    mode: Literal["fixed", "expand", "equal"] = ...,
+) -> tuple[float, np.ndarray]: ...
+
+class OffsetBox(martist.Artist):
+    width: float | None
+    height: float | None
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    def set_figure(self, fig: Figure | SubFigure) -> None: ...
+    def set_offset(
+        self,
+        xy: tuple[float, float]
+        | Callable[[float, float, float, float, RendererBase], tuple[float, float]],
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    @overload
+    def get_offset(self, bbox: Bbox, renderer: RendererBase) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @overload
+    def get_offset(
+        self,
+        width: float,
+        height: float,
+        xdescent: float,
+        ydescent: float,
+        renderer: RendererBase
+    ) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+
+    def set_width(self, width: float) -> None: ...
+    def set_height(self, height: float) -> None: ...
+    def get_visible_children(self) -> list[martist.Artist]: ...
+    def get_children(self) -> list[martist.Artist]: ...
+    def get_bbox(self, renderer: RendererBase) -> Bbox: ...
+    def get_window_extent(self, renderer: RendererBase | None = ...) -> Bbox: ...
+
+class PackerBase(OffsetBox):
+    height: float | None
+    width: float | None
+    sep: float | None
+    pad: float | None
+    mode: Literal["fixed", "expand", "equal"]
+    align: Literal["top", "bottom", "left", "right", "center", "baseline"]
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pad: float | None = ...,
+        sep: float | None = ...,
+        width: float | None = ...,
+        height: float | None = ...,
+        align: Literal["top", "bottom", "left", "right", "center", "baseline"] = ...,
+        mode: Literal["fixed", "expand", "equal"] = ...,
+        children: list[martist.Artist] | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+class VPacker(PackerBase): ...
+class HPacker(PackerBase): ...
+
+class PaddedBox(OffsetBox):
+    pad: float | None
+    patch: FancyBboxPatch
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        child: martist.Artist,
+        pad: float | None = ...,
+        *,
+        draw_frame: bool = ...,
+        patch_attrs: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def update_frame(self, bbox: Bbox, fontsize: float | None = ...) -> None: ...
+    def draw_frame(self, renderer: RendererBase) -> None: ...
+
+class DrawingArea(OffsetBox):
+    width: float
+    height: float
+    xdescent: float
+    ydescent: float
+    offset_transform: Transform
+    dpi_transform: Transform
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        width: float,
+        height: float,
+        xdescent: float = ...,
+        ydescent: float = ...,
+        clip: bool = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def clip_children(self) -> bool: ...
+    @clip_children.setter
+    def clip_children(self, val: bool) -> None: ...
+    def get_transform(self) -> Transform: ...
+
+    # does not accept all options of superclass
+    def set_offset(self, xy: tuple[float, float]) -> None: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get_offset(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def add_artist(self, a: martist.Artist) -> None: ...
+
+class TextArea(OffsetBox):
+    offset_transform: Transform
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        s: str,
+        *,
+        textprops: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        multilinebaseline: bool = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_text(self, s: str) -> None: ...
+    def get_text(self) -> str: ...
+    def set_multilinebaseline(self, t: bool) -> None: ...
+    def get_multilinebaseline(self) -> bool: ...
+
+    # does not accept all options of superclass
+    def set_offset(self, xy: tuple[float, float]) -> None: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get_offset(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+class AuxTransformBox(OffsetBox):
+    aux_transform: Transform
+    offset_transform: Transform
+    ref_offset_transform: Transform
+    def __init__(self, aux_transform: Transform) -> None: ...
+    def add_artist(self, a: martist.Artist) -> None: ...
+    def get_transform(self) -> Transform: ...
+
+    # does not accept all options of superclass
+    def set_offset(self, xy: tuple[float, float]) -> None: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def get_offset(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+class AnchoredOffsetbox(OffsetBox):
+    zorder: float
+    codes: dict[str, int]
+    loc: int
+    borderpad: float
+    pad: float
+    prop: FontProperties
+    patch: FancyBboxPatch
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        loc: str,
+        *,
+        pad: float = ...,
+        borderpad: float = ...,
+        child: OffsetBox | None = ...,
+        prop: FontProperties | None = ...,
+        frameon: bool = ...,
+        bbox_to_anchor: BboxBase
+        | tuple[float, float]
+        | tuple[float, float, float, float]
+        | None = ...,
+        bbox_transform: Transform | None = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_child(self, child: OffsetBox | None) -> None: ...
+    def get_child(self) -> OffsetBox | None: ...
+    def get_children(self) -> list[martist.Artist]: ...
+    def get_bbox_to_anchor(self) -> Bbox: ...
+    def set_bbox_to_anchor(
+        self, bbox: BboxBase, transform: Transform | None = ...
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def update_frame(self, bbox: Bbox, fontsize: float | None = ...) -> None: ...
+
+class AnchoredText(AnchoredOffsetbox):
+    txt: TextArea
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        s: str,
+        loc: str,
+        *,
+        pad: float = ...,
+        borderpad: float = ...,
+        prop: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+class OffsetImage(OffsetBox):
+    image: BboxImage
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        arr: ArrayLike,
+        *,
+        zoom: float = ...,
+        cmap: Colormap | str | None = ...,
+        norm: Normalize | str | None = ...,
+        interpolation: str | None = ...,
+        origin: Literal["upper", "lower"] | None = ...,
+        filternorm: bool = ...,
+        filterrad: float = ...,
+        resample: bool = ...,
+        dpi_cor: bool = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    stale: bool
+    def set_data(self, arr: ArrayLike | None) -> None: ...
+    def get_data(self) -> ArrayLike | None: ...
+    def set_zoom(self, zoom: float) -> None: ...
+    def get_zoom(self) -> float: ...
+    def get_children(self) -> list[martist.Artist]: ...
+    def get_offset(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+
+class AnnotationBbox(martist.Artist, mtext._AnnotationBase):
+    zorder: float
+    offsetbox: OffsetBox
+    arrowprops: dict[str, Any] | None
+    xybox: tuple[float, float]
+    boxcoords: CoordsType
+    arrow_patch: FancyArrowPatch | None
+    patch: FancyBboxPatch
+    prop: FontProperties
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        offsetbox: OffsetBox,
+        xy: tuple[float, float],
+        xybox: tuple[float, float] | None = ...,
+        xycoords: CoordsType = ...,
+        boxcoords: CoordsType | None = ...,
+        *,
+        frameon: bool = ...,
+        pad: float = ...,
+        annotation_clip: bool | None = ...,
+        box_alignment: tuple[float, float] = ...,
+        bboxprops: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        arrowprops: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        fontsize: float | str | None = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def xyann(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @xyann.setter
+    def xyann(self, xyann: tuple[float, float]) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def anncoords(
+        self,
+    ) -> CoordsType: ...
+    @anncoords.setter
+    def anncoords(
+        self,
+        coords: CoordsType,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def get_children(self) -> list[martist.Artist]: ...
+    def set_figure(self, fig: Figure | SubFigure) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontsize(self, s: str | float | None = ...) -> None: ...
+    def get_fontsize(self) -> float: ...
+    def get_tightbbox(self, renderer: RendererBase | None = ...) -> Bbox: ...
+    def update_positions(self, renderer: RendererBase) -> None: ...
+
+class DraggableBase:
+    ref_artist: martist.Artist
+    got_artist: bool
+    mouse_x: int
+    mouse_y: int
+    background: Any
+
+    @property
+    def canvas(self) -> FigureCanvasBase: ...
+    @property
+    def cids(self) -> list[int]: ...
+
+    def __init__(self, ref_artist: martist.Artist, use_blit: bool = ...) -> None: ...
+    def on_motion(self, evt: Event) -> None: ...
+    def on_pick(self, evt: Event) -> None: ...
+    def on_release(self, event: Event) -> None: ...
+    def disconnect(self) -> None: ...
+    def save_offset(self) -> None: ...
+    def update_offset(self, dx: float, dy: float) -> None: ...
+    def finalize_offset(self) -> None: ...
+
+class DraggableOffsetBox(DraggableBase):
+    offsetbox: OffsetBox
+    def __init__(
+        self, ref_artist: martist.Artist, offsetbox: OffsetBox, use_blit: bool = ...
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def save_offset(self) -> None: ...
+    def update_offset(self, dx: float, dy: float) -> None: ...
+    def get_loc_in_canvas(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+
+class DraggableAnnotation(DraggableBase):
+    annotation: mtext.Annotation
+    def __init__(self, annotation: mtext.Annotation, use_blit: bool = ...) -> None: ...
+    def save_offset(self) -> None: ...
+    def update_offset(self, dx: float, dy: float) -> None: ...

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/text.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+from .artist import Artist
+from .backend_bases import RendererBase
+from .font_manager import FontProperties
+from .offsetbox import DraggableAnnotation
+from .path import Path
+from .patches import FancyArrowPatch, FancyBboxPatch
+from .textpath import (  # noqa: F401, reexported API
+    TextPath as TextPath,
+    TextToPath as TextToPath,
+)
+from .transforms import (
+    Bbox,
+    BboxBase,
+    Transform,
+)
+
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Literal
+from .typing import ColorType, CoordsType
+
+class Text(Artist):
+    zorder: float
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        x: float = ...,
+        y: float = ...,
+        text: Any = ...,
+        *,
+        color: ColorType | None = ...,
+        verticalalignment: Literal[
+            "bottom", "baseline", "center", "center_baseline", "top"
+        ] = ...,
+        horizontalalignment: Literal["left", "center", "right"] = ...,
+        multialignment: Literal["left", "center", "right"] | None = ...,
+        fontproperties: str | Path | FontProperties | None = ...,
+        rotation: float | Literal["vertical", "horizontal"] | None = ...,
+        linespacing: float | None = ...,
+        rotation_mode: Literal["default", "anchor"] | None = ...,
+        usetex: bool | None = ...,
+        wrap: bool = ...,
+        transform_rotates_text: bool = ...,
+        parse_math: bool | None = ...,
+        antialiased: bool | None = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def update(self, kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> list[Any]: ...
+    def get_rotation(self) -> float: ...
+    def get_transform_rotates_text(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_rotation_mode(self, m: None | Literal["default", "anchor"]) -> None: ...
+    def get_rotation_mode(self) -> Literal["default", "anchor"]: ...
+    def set_bbox(self, rectprops: dict[str, Any]) -> None: ...
+    def get_bbox_patch(self) -> None | FancyBboxPatch: ...
+    def update_bbox_position_size(self, renderer: RendererBase) -> None: ...
+    def get_wrap(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_wrap(self, wrap: bool) -> None: ...
+    def get_color(self) -> ColorType: ...
+    def get_fontproperties(self) -> FontProperties: ...
+    def get_fontfamily(self) -> list[str]: ...
+    def get_fontname(self) -> str: ...
+    def get_fontstyle(self) -> Literal["normal", "italic", "oblique"]: ...
+    def get_fontsize(self) -> float | str: ...
+    def get_fontvariant(self) -> Literal["normal", "small-caps"]: ...
+    def get_fontweight(self) -> int | str: ...
+    def get_stretch(self) -> int | str: ...
+    def get_horizontalalignment(self) -> Literal["left", "center", "right"]: ...
+    def get_unitless_position(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    def get_position(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    def get_text(self) -> str: ...
+    def get_verticalalignment(
+        self,
+    ) -> Literal["bottom", "baseline", "center", "center_baseline", "top"]: ...
+    def get_window_extent(
+        self, renderer: RendererBase | None = ..., dpi: float | None = ...
+    ) -> Bbox: ...
+    def set_backgroundcolor(self, color: ColorType) -> None: ...
+    def set_color(self, color: ColorType) -> None: ...
+    def set_horizontalalignment(
+        self, align: Literal["left", "center", "right"]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_multialignment(self, align: Literal["left", "center", "right"]) -> None: ...
+    def set_linespacing(self, spacing: float) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontfamily(self, fontname: str | Iterable[str]) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontvariant(self, variant: Literal["normal", "small-caps"]) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontstyle(
+        self, fontstyle: Literal["normal", "italic", "oblique"]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontsize(self, fontsize: float | str) -> None: ...
+    def get_math_fontfamily(self) -> str: ...
+    def set_math_fontfamily(self, fontfamily: str) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontweight(self, weight: int | str) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontstretch(self, stretch: int | str) -> None: ...
+    def set_position(self, xy: tuple[float, float]) -> None: ...
+    def set_x(self, x: float) -> None: ...
+    def set_y(self, y: float) -> None: ...
+    def set_rotation(self, s: float) -> None: ...
+    def set_transform_rotates_text(self, t: bool) -> None: ...
+    def set_verticalalignment(
+        self, align: Literal["bottom", "baseline", "center", "center_baseline", "top"]
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_text(self, s: Any) -> None: ...
+    def set_fontproperties(self, fp: FontProperties | str | Path | None) -> None: ...
+    def set_usetex(self, usetex: bool | None) -> None: ...
+    def get_usetex(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_parse_math(self, parse_math: bool) -> None: ...
+    def get_parse_math(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_fontname(self, fontname: str | Iterable[str]) -> None: ...
+    def get_antialiased(self) -> bool: ...
+    def set_antialiased(self, antialiased: bool) -> None: ...
+
+class OffsetFrom:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        artist: Artist | BboxBase | Transform,
+        ref_coord: tuple[float, float],
+        unit: Literal["points", "pixels"] = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_unit(self, unit: Literal["points", "pixels"]) -> None: ...
+    def get_unit(self) -> Literal["points", "pixels"]: ...
+    def __call__(self, renderer: RendererBase) -> Transform: ...
+
+class _AnnotationBase:
+    xy: tuple[float, float]
+    xycoords: CoordsType
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        xy,
+        xycoords: CoordsType = ...,
+        annotation_clip: bool | None = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_annotation_clip(self, b: bool | None) -> None: ...
+    def get_annotation_clip(self) -> bool | None: ...
+    def draggable(
+        self, state: bool | None = ..., use_blit: bool = ...
+    ) -> DraggableAnnotation | None: ...
+
+class Annotation(Text, _AnnotationBase):
+    arrowprops: dict[str, Any] | None
+    arrow_patch: FancyArrowPatch | None
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        text: str,
+        xy: tuple[float, float],
+        xytext: tuple[float, float] | None = ...,
+        xycoords: CoordsType = ...,
+        textcoords: CoordsType | None = ...,
+        arrowprops: dict[str, Any] | None = ...,
+        annotation_clip: bool | None = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def xycoords(
+        self,
+    ) -> CoordsType: ...
+    @xycoords.setter
+    def xycoords(
+        self,
+        xycoords: CoordsType,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def xyann(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @xyann.setter
+    def xyann(self, xytext: tuple[float, float]) -> None: ...
+    def get_anncoords(
+        self,
+    ) -> CoordsType: ...
+    def set_anncoords(
+        self,
+        coords: CoordsType,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def anncoords(
+        self,
+    ) -> CoordsType: ...
+    @anncoords.setter
+    def anncoords(
+        self,
+        coords: CoordsType,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def update_positions(self, renderer: RendererBase) -> None: ...
+    # Drops `dpi` parameter from superclass
+    def get_window_extent(self, renderer: RendererBase | None = ...) -> Bbox: ...  # type: ignore[override]

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/textpath.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
+from matplotlib.ft2font import FT2Font
+from matplotlib.mathtext import MathTextParser, VectorParse
+from matplotlib.path import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from typing import Literal
+
+class TextToPath:
+    FONT_SCALE: float
+    DPI: float
+    mathtext_parser: MathTextParser[VectorParse]
+    def __init__(self) -> None: ...
+    def get_text_width_height_descent(
+        self, s: str, prop: FontProperties, ismath: bool | Literal["TeX"]
+    ) -> tuple[float, float, float]: ...
+    def get_text_path(
+        self, prop: FontProperties, s: str, ismath: bool | Literal["TeX"] = ...
+    ) -> list[np.ndarray]: ...
+    def get_glyphs_with_font(
+        self,
+        font: FT2Font,
+        s: str,
+        glyph_map: dict[str, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]] | None = ...,
+        return_new_glyphs_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[tuple[str, float, float, float]],
+        dict[str, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]],
+        list[tuple[list[tuple[float, float]], list[int]]],
+    ]: ...
+    def get_glyphs_mathtext(
+        self,
+        prop: FontProperties,
+        s: str,
+        glyph_map: dict[str, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]] | None = ...,
+        return_new_glyphs_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[tuple[str, float, float, float]],
+        dict[str, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]],
+        list[tuple[list[tuple[float, float]], list[int]]],
+    ]: ...
+    def get_glyphs_tex(
+        self,
+        prop: FontProperties,
+        s: str,
+        glyph_map: dict[str, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]] | None = ...,
+        return_new_glyphs_only: bool = ...,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        list[tuple[str, float, float, float]],
+        dict[str, tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]],
+        list[tuple[list[tuple[float, float]], list[int]]],
+    ]: ...
+
+text_to_path: TextToPath
+
+class TextPath(Path):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        xy: tuple[float, float],
+        s: str,
+        size: float | None = ...,
+        prop: FontProperties | None = ...,
+        _interpolation_steps: int = ...,
+        usetex: bool = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def set_size(self, size: float | None) -> None: ...
+    def get_size(self) -> float | None: ...
+
+    # These are read only... there actually are protections in the base class, so probably can be deleted...
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def vertices(self) -> np.ndarray: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    @property  # type: ignore[misc]
+    def codes(self) -> np.ndarray: ...  # type: ignore[override]

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/transforms.pyi

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+from .path import Path
+from .patches import Patch
+from .figure import Figure
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.typing import ArrayLike
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
+from typing import Literal
+
+DEBUG: bool
+
+class TransformNode:
+    INVALID_NON_AFFINE: int
+    INVALID_AFFINE: int
+    INVALID: int
+    is_bbox: bool
+    # Implemented as a standard attr in base class, but functionally readonly and some subclasses implement as such
+    @property
+    def is_affine(self) -> bool: ...
+    pass_through: bool
+    def __init__(self, shorthand_name: str | None = ...) -> None: ...
+    def __copy__(self) -> TransformNode: ...
+    def invalidate(self) -> None: ...
+    def set_children(self, *children: TransformNode) -> None: ...
+    def frozen(self) -> TransformNode: ...
+
+class BboxBase(TransformNode):
+    is_bbox: bool
+    is_affine: bool
+    def frozen(self) -> Bbox: ...
+    def __array__(self, *args, **kwargs): ...
+    @property
+    def x0(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def y0(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def x1(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def y1(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def p0(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def p1(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def xmin(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def ymin(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def xmax(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def ymax(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def min(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def max(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def intervalx(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def intervaly(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def width(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def height(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def size(self) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def bounds(self) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]: ...
+    @property
+    def extents(self) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]: ...
+    def get_points(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def containsx(self, x: float) -> bool: ...
+    def containsy(self, y: float) -> bool: ...
+    def contains(self, x: float, y: float) -> bool: ...
+    def overlaps(self, other: BboxBase) -> bool: ...
+    def fully_containsx(self, x: float) -> bool: ...
+    def fully_containsy(self, y: float) -> bool: ...
+    def fully_contains(self, x: float, y: float) -> bool: ...
+    def fully_overlaps(self, other: BboxBase) -> bool: ...
+    def transformed(self, transform: Transform) -> Bbox: ...
+    coefs: dict[str, tuple[float, float]]
+    def anchored(
+        self,
+        c: tuple[float, float] | Literal['C', 'SW', 'S', 'SE', 'E', 'NE', 'N', 'NW', 'W'],
+        container: BboxBase,
+    ) -> Bbox: ...
+    def shrunk(self, mx: float, my: float) -> Bbox: ...
+    def shrunk_to_aspect(
+        self,
+        box_aspect: float,
+        container: BboxBase | None = ...,
+        fig_aspect: float = ...,
+    ) -> Bbox: ...
+    def splitx(self, *args: float) -> list[Bbox]: ...
+    def splity(self, *args: float) -> list[Bbox]: ...
+    def count_contains(self, vertices: ArrayLike) -> int: ...
+    def count_overlaps(self, bboxes: Iterable[BboxBase]) -> int: ...
+    def expanded(self, sw: float, sh: float) -> Bbox: ...
+    def padded(self, w_pad: float, h_pad: float | None = ...) -> Bbox: ...
+    def translated(self, tx: float, ty: float) -> Bbox: ...
+    def corners(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def rotated(self, radians: float) -> Bbox: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def union(bboxes: Sequence[BboxBase]) -> Bbox: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def intersection(bbox1: BboxBase, bbox2: BboxBase) -> Bbox | None: ...
+
+class Bbox(BboxBase):
+    def __init__(self, points: ArrayLike, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def unit() -> Bbox: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def null() -> Bbox: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_bounds(x0: float, y0: float, width: float, height: float) -> Bbox: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_extents(*args: float, minpos: float | None = ...) -> Bbox: ...
+    def __format__(self, fmt: str) -> str: ...
+    def ignore(self, value: bool) -> None: ...
+    def update_from_path(
+        self,
+        path: Path,
+        ignore: bool | None = ...,
+        updatex: bool = ...,
+        updatey: bool = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    def update_from_data_x(self, x: ArrayLike, ignore: bool | None = ...) -> None: ...
+    def update_from_data_y(self, y: ArrayLike, ignore: bool | None = ...) -> None: ...
+    def update_from_data_xy(
+        self,
+        xy: ArrayLike,
+        ignore: bool | None = ...,
+        updatex: bool = ...,
+        updatey: bool = ...,
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def minpos(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def minposx(self) -> float: ...
+    @property
+    def minposy(self) -> float: ...
+    def get_points(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def set_points(self, points: ArrayLike) -> None: ...
+    def set(self, other: Bbox) -> None: ...
+    def mutated(self) -> bool: ...
+    def mutatedx(self) -> bool: ...
+    def mutatedy(self) -> bool: ...
+
+class TransformedBbox(BboxBase):
+    def __init__(self, bbox: Bbox, transform: Transform, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    def get_points(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+
+class LockableBbox(BboxBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        bbox: BboxBase,
+        x0: float | None = ...,
+        y0: float | None = ...,
+        x1: float | None = ...,
+        y1: float | None = ...,
+        **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def locked_x0(self) -> float | None: ...
+    @locked_x0.setter
+    def locked_x0(self, x0: float | None) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def locked_y0(self) -> float | None: ...
+    @locked_y0.setter
+    def locked_y0(self, y0: float | None) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def locked_x1(self) -> float | None: ...
+    @locked_x1.setter
+    def locked_x1(self, x1: float | None) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def locked_y1(self) -> float | None: ...
+    @locked_y1.setter
+    def locked_y1(self, y1: float | None) -> None: ...
+
+class Transform(TransformNode):
+
+    # Implemented as a standard attrs in base class, but functionally readonly and some subclasses implement as such
+    @property
+    def input_dims(self) -> int | None: ...
+    @property
+    def output_dims(self) -> int | None: ...
+    @property
+    def is_separable(self) -> bool: ...
+    @property
+    def has_inverse(self) -> bool: ...
+
+    def __add__(self, other: Transform) -> Transform: ...
+    @property
+    def depth(self) -> int: ...
+    def contains_branch(self, other: Transform) -> bool: ...
+    def contains_branch_seperately(
+        self, other_transform: Transform
+    ) -> Sequence[bool]: ...
+    def __sub__(self, other: Transform) -> Transform: ...
+    def __array__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def transform(self, values: ArrayLike) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def transform_affine(self, values: ArrayLike) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def transform_non_affine(self, values: ArrayLike) -> ArrayLike: ...
+    def transform_bbox(self, bbox: BboxBase) -> Bbox: ...
+    def get_affine(self) -> Transform: ...
+    def get_matrix(self) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def transform_point(self, point: ArrayLike) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def transform_path(self, path: Path) -> Path: ...
+    def transform_path_affine(self, path: Path) -> Path: ...
+    def transform_path_non_affine(self, path: Path) -> Path: ...
+    def transform_angles(
+        self,
+        angles: ArrayLike,
+        pts: ArrayLike,
+        radians: bool = ...,
+        pushoff: float = ...,
+    ) -> np.ndarray: ...
+    def inverted(self) -> Transform: ...
+
+class TransformWrapper(Transform):
+    pass_through: bool
+    def __init__(self, child: Transform) -> None: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+    def frozen(self) -> Transform: ...
+    def set(self, child: Transform) -> None: ...
+
+class AffineBase(Transform):
+    is_affine: Literal[True]
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+
+class Affine2DBase(AffineBase):
+    input_dims: Literal[2]
+    output_dims: Literal[2]
+    def frozen(self) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def to_values(self) -> tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]: ...
+
+class Affine2D(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, matrix: ArrayLike | None = ..., **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_values(
+        a: float, b: float, c: float, d: float, e: float, f: float
+    ) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def set_matrix(self, mtx: ArrayLike) -> None: ...
+    def clear(self) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def rotate(self, theta: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def rotate_deg(self, degrees: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def rotate_around(self, x: float, y: float, theta: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def rotate_deg_around(self, x: float, y: float, degrees: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def translate(self, tx: float, ty: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def scale(self, sx: float, sy: float | None = ...) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def skew(self, xShear: float, yShear: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+    def skew_deg(self, xShear: float, yShear: float) -> Affine2D: ...
+
+class IdentityTransform(Affine2DBase): ...
+
+class _BlendedMixin:
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+    def contains_branch_seperately(self, transform: Transform) -> Sequence[bool]: ...
+
+class BlendedGenericTransform(_BlendedMixin, Transform):
+    input_dims: Literal[2]
+    output_dims: Literal[2]
+    pass_through: bool
+    def __init__(
+        self, x_transform: Transform, y_transform: Transform, **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def depth(self) -> int: ...
+    def contains_branch(self, other: Transform) -> Literal[False]: ...
+    @property
+    def is_affine(self) -> bool: ...
+
+class BlendedAffine2D(_BlendedMixin, Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self, x_transform: Transform, y_transform: Transform, **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+def blended_transform_factory(
+    x_transform: Transform, y_transform: Transform
+) -> BlendedGenericTransform | BlendedAffine2D: ...
+
+class CompositeGenericTransform(Transform):
+    pass_through: bool
+    def __init__(self, a: Transform, b: Transform, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+
+class CompositeAffine2D(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, a: Affine2DBase, b: Affine2DBase, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+    @property
+    def depth(self) -> int: ...
+
+def composite_transform_factory(a: Transform, b: Transform) -> Transform: ...
+
+class BboxTransform(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, boxin: BboxBase, boxout: BboxBase, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+
+class BboxTransformTo(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, boxout: BboxBase, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+
+class BboxTransformToMaxOnly(BboxTransformTo): ...
+
+class BboxTransformFrom(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, boxin: BboxBase, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+
+class ScaledTranslation(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self, xt: float, yt: float, scale_trans: Affine2DBase, **kwargs
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+class AffineDeltaTransform(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, transform: Affine2DBase, **kwargs) -> None: ...
+
+class TransformedPath(TransformNode):
+    def __init__(self, path: Path, transform: Transform) -> None: ...
+    def get_transformed_points_and_affine(self) -> tuple[Path, Transform]: ...
+    def get_transformed_path_and_affine(self) -> tuple[Path, Transform]: ...
+    def get_fully_transformed_path(self) -> Path: ...
+    def get_affine(self) -> Transform: ...
+
+class TransformedPatchPath(TransformedPath):
+    def __init__(self, patch: Patch) -> None: ...
+
+def nonsingular(
+    vmin: float,
+    vmax: float,
+    expander: float = ...,
+    tiny: float = ...,
+    increasing: bool = ...,
+) -> tuple[float, float]: ...
+def interval_contains(interval: tuple[float, float], val: float) -> bool: ...
+def interval_contains_open(interval: tuple[float, float], val: float) -> bool: ...
+def offset_copy(
+    trans: Transform,
+    fig: Figure | None = ...,
+    x: float = ...,
+    y: float = ...,
+    units: Literal["inches", "points", "dots"] = ...,
+) -> Transform: ...
+
+
+class _ScaledRotation(Affine2DBase):
+    def __init__(self, theta: float, trans_shift: Transform) -> None: ...
+    def get_matrix(self) -> np.ndarray: ...

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pkg_resources/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-310.pyc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:191fd421685d609268ca1cf8363261f6cc101d545a1bc2b3ba669e28e3512464
+size 115599

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pkg_resources/tests/data/my-test-package-zip/my-test-package.zip

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:01845c437f4655e3cf9cc4fc4e49cfd607431f22675e1b611129a90239f34822
+size 1809

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pkg_resources/tests/data/my-test-package_unpacked-egg/my_test_package-1.0-py3.7.egg/EGG-INFO/PKG-INFO

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Metadata-Version: 1.0
+Name: my-test-package
+Version: 1.0
+Summary: UNKNOWN
+Home-page: UNKNOWN
+Author: UNKNOWN
+Author-email: UNKNOWN
+License: UNKNOWN
+Description: UNKNOWN
+Platform: UNKNOWN

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pkg_resources/tests/data/my-test-package_unpacked-egg/my_test_package-1.0-py3.7.egg/EGG-INFO/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pkg_resources/tests/test_working_set.py

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+import functools
+import inspect
+import re
+import textwrap
+
+import pytest
+
+import pkg_resources
+
+from .test_resources import Metadata
+
+
+def strip_comments(s):
+    return '\n'.join(
+        line
+        for line in s.split('\n')
+        if line.strip() and not line.strip().startswith('#')
+    )
+
+
+def parse_distributions(s):
+    """
+    Parse a series of distribution specs of the form:
+    {project_name}-{version}
+       [optional, indented requirements specification]
+
+    Example:
+
+        foo-0.2
+        bar-1.0
+          foo>=3.0
+          [feature]
+          baz
+
+    yield 2 distributions:
+        - project_name=foo, version=0.2
+        - project_name=bar, version=1.0,
+          requires=['foo>=3.0', 'baz; extra=="feature"']
+    """
+    s = s.strip()
+    for spec in re.split(r'\n(?=[^\s])', s):
+        if not spec:
+            continue
+        fields = spec.split('\n', 1)
+        assert 1 <= len(fields) <= 2
+        name, version = fields.pop(0).rsplit('-', 1)
+        if fields:
+            requires = textwrap.dedent(fields.pop(0))
+            metadata = Metadata(('requires.txt', requires))
+        else:
+            metadata = None
+        dist = pkg_resources.Distribution(
+            project_name=name, version=version, metadata=metadata
+        )
+        yield dist
+
+
+class FakeInstaller:
+    def __init__(self, installable_dists) -> None:
+        self._installable_dists = installable_dists
+
+    def __call__(self, req):
+        return next(
+            iter(filter(lambda dist: dist in req, self._installable_dists)), None
+        )
+
+
+def parametrize_test_working_set_resolve(*test_list):
+    idlist = []
+    argvalues = []
+    for test in test_list:
+        (
+            name,
+            installed_dists,
+            installable_dists,
+            requirements,
+            expected1,
+            expected2,
+        ) = (
+            strip_comments(s.lstrip())
+            for s in textwrap.dedent(test).lstrip().split('\n\n', 5)
+        )
+        installed_dists = list(parse_distributions(installed_dists))
+        installable_dists = list(parse_distributions(installable_dists))
+        requirements = list(pkg_resources.parse_requirements(requirements))
+        for id_, replace_conflicting, expected in (
+            (name, False, expected1),
+            (name + '_replace_conflicting', True, expected2),
+        ):
+            idlist.append(id_)
+            expected = strip_comments(expected.strip())
+            if re.match(r'\w+$', expected):
+                expected = getattr(pkg_resources, expected)
+                assert issubclass(expected, Exception)
+            else:
+                expected = list(parse_distributions(expected))
+            argvalues.append(
+                pytest.param(
+                    installed_dists,
+                    installable_dists,
+                    requirements,
+                    replace_conflicting,
+                    expected,
+                )
+            )
+    return pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'installed_dists,installable_dists,'
+        'requirements,replace_conflicting,'
+        'resolved_dists_or_exception',
+        argvalues,
+        ids=idlist,
+    )
+
+
+@parametrize_test_working_set_resolve(
+    """
+    # id
+    noop
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+
+    # resolved
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    already_installed
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.0
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.0
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.0
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installable_not_installed
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.0
+    foo-4.0
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.0
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.0
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    not_installable
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    DistributionNotFound
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    no_matching_version
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.1
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    DistributionNotFound
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installable_with_installed_conflict
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.1
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.5
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.5
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    not_installable_with_installed_conflict
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.1
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installed_with_installed_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installed_with_conflicting_installed_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-5
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    DistributionNotFound
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installed_with_installable_conflicting_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-5
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    baz-0.1
+    foo-2.9
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installed_with_installable_require
+
+    # installed
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.9
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installable_with_installed_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-3.9
+
+    # installable
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installable_with_installable_require
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo-3.9
+    baz-0.1
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installable_with_conflicting_installable_require
+
+    # installed
+    foo-5
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+    baz-0.1
+        foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+
+    # wanted
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    baz-0.1
+    foo-2.9
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    conflicting_installables
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+    foo-5.0
+
+    # wanted
+    foo>=2.1,!=3.1,<4
+    foo>=4
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    VersionConflict
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installables_with_conflicting_requires
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+        dep==1.0
+    baz-5.0
+        dep==2.0
+    dep-1.0
+    dep-2.0
+
+    # wanted
+    foo
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    VersionConflict
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    installables_with_conflicting_nested_requires
+
+    # installed
+
+    # installable
+    foo-2.9
+        dep1
+    dep1-1.0
+        subdep<1.0
+    baz-5.0
+        dep2
+    dep2-1.0
+        subdep>1.0
+    subdep-0.9
+    subdep-1.1
+
+    # wanted
+    foo
+    baz
+
+    # resolved
+    VersionConflict
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    VersionConflict
+    """,
+    """
+    # id
+    wanted_normalized_name_installed_canonical
+
+    # installed
+    foo.bar-3.6
+
+    # installable
+
+    # wanted
+    foo-bar==3.6
+
+    # resolved
+    foo.bar-3.6
+
+    # resolved [replace conflicting]
+    foo.bar-3.6
+    """,
+)
+def test_working_set_resolve(
+    installed_dists,
+    installable_dists,
+    requirements,
+    replace_conflicting,
+    resolved_dists_or_exception,
+):
+    ws = pkg_resources.WorkingSet([])
+    list(map(ws.add, installed_dists))
+    resolve_call = functools.partial(
+        ws.resolve,
+        requirements,
+        installer=FakeInstaller(installable_dists),
+        replace_conflicting=replace_conflicting,
+    )
+    if inspect.isclass(resolved_dists_or_exception):
+        with pytest.raises(resolved_dists_or_exception):
+            resolve_call()
+    else:
+        assert sorted(resolve_call()) == sorted(resolved_dists_or_exception)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/_version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def _to_int(s: str) -> int | str:
+    try:
+        return int(s)
+    except ValueError:
+        return s
+
+
+__version__ = "2.13.6"
+version_info = tuple(_to_int(s) for s in __version__.split("."))

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/attr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/attr.h: Infrastructure for processing custom
+    type and function attributes
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "cast.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// \addtogroup annotations
+/// @{
+
+/// Annotation for methods
+struct is_method {
+    handle class_;
+    explicit is_method(const handle &c) : class_(c) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for setters
+struct is_setter {};
+
+/// Annotation for operators
+struct is_operator {};
+
+/// Annotation for classes that cannot be subclassed
+struct is_final {};
+
+/// Annotation for parent scope
+struct scope {
+    handle value;
+    explicit scope(const handle &s) : value(s) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for documentation
+struct doc {
+    const char *value;
+    explicit doc(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation for function names
+struct name {
+    const char *value;
+    explicit name(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a function is an overload associated with a given "sibling"
+struct sibling {
+    handle value;
+    explicit sibling(const handle &value) : value(value.ptr()) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class derives from another given type
+template <typename T>
+struct base {
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(
+        "base<T>() was deprecated in favor of specifying 'T' as a template argument to class_")
+    base() = default;
+};
+
+/// Keep patient alive while nurse lives
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient>
+struct keep_alive {};
+
+/// Annotation indicating that a class is involved in a multiple inheritance relationship
+struct multiple_inheritance {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables dynamic attributes, i.e. adds `__dict__` to a class
+struct dynamic_attr {};
+
+/// Annotation which enables the buffer protocol for a type
+struct buffer_protocol {};
+
+/// Annotation which requests that a special metaclass is created for a type
+struct metaclass {
+    handle value;
+
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("py::metaclass() is no longer required. It's turned on by default now.")
+    metaclass() = default;
+
+    /// Override pybind11's default metaclass
+    explicit metaclass(handle value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+/// Specifies a custom callback with signature `void (PyHeapTypeObject*)` that
+/// may be used to customize the Python type.
+///
+/// The callback is invoked immediately before `PyType_Ready`.
+///
+/// Note: This is an advanced interface, and uses of it may require changes to
+/// work with later versions of pybind11.  You may wish to consult the
+/// implementation of `make_new_python_type` in `detail/classes.h` to understand
+/// the context in which the callback will be run.
+struct custom_type_setup {
+    using callback = std::function<void(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type)>;
+
+    explicit custom_type_setup(callback value) : value(std::move(value)) {}
+
+    callback value;
+};
+
+/// Annotation that marks a class as local to the module:
+struct module_local {
+    const bool value;
+    constexpr explicit module_local(bool v = true) : value(v) {}
+};
+
+/// Annotation to mark enums as an arithmetic type
+struct arithmetic {};
+
+/// Mark a function for addition at the beginning of the existing overload chain instead of the end
+struct prepend {};
+
+/** \rst
+    A call policy which places one or more guard variables (``Ts...``) around the function call.
+
+    For example, this definition:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", foo, py::call_guard<T>());
+
+    is equivalent to the following pseudocode:
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        m.def("foo", [](args...) {
+            T scope_guard;
+            return foo(args...); // forwarded arguments
+        });
+ \endrst */
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard;
+
+template <>
+struct call_guard<> {
+    using type = detail::void_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct call_guard<T> {
+    static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
+                  "The guard type must be default constructible");
+
+    using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct call_guard<T, Ts...> {
+    struct type {
+        T guard{}; // Compose multiple guard types with left-to-right default-constructor order
+        typename call_guard<Ts...>::type next{};
+    };
+};
+
+/// @} annotations
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+/* Forward declarations */
+enum op_id : int;
+enum op_type : int;
+struct undefined_t;
+template <op_id id, op_type ot, typename L = undefined_t, typename R = undefined_t>
+struct op_;
+void keep_alive_impl(size_t Nurse, size_t Patient, function_call &call, handle ret);
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a keyword argument
+struct argument_record {
+    const char *name;  ///< Argument name
+    const char *descr; ///< Human-readable version of the argument value
+    handle value;      ///< Associated Python object
+    bool convert : 1;  ///< True if the argument is allowed to convert when loading
+    bool none : 1;     ///< True if None is allowed when loading
+
+    argument_record(const char *name, const char *descr, handle value, bool convert, bool none)
+        : name(name), descr(descr), value(value), convert(convert), none(none) {}
+};
+
+/// Internal data structure which holds metadata about a bound function (signature, overloads,
+/// etc.)
+struct function_record {
+    function_record()
+        : is_constructor(false), is_new_style_constructor(false), is_stateless(false),
+          is_operator(false), is_method(false), is_setter(false), has_args(false),
+          has_kwargs(false), prepend(false) {}
+
+    /// Function name
+    char *name = nullptr; /* why no C++ strings? They generate heavier code.. */
+
+    // User-specified documentation string
+    char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Human-readable version of the function signature
+    char *signature = nullptr;
+
+    /// List of registered keyword arguments
+    std::vector<argument_record> args;
+
+    /// Pointer to lambda function which converts arguments and performs the actual call
+    handle (*impl)(function_call &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Storage for the wrapped function pointer and captured data, if any
+    void *data[3] = {};
+
+    /// Pointer to custom destructor for 'data' (if needed)
+    void (*free_data)(function_record *ptr) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Return value policy associated with this function
+    return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic;
+
+    /// True if name == '__init__'
+    bool is_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
+    bool is_new_style_constructor : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a stateless function pointer
+    bool is_stateless : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is an operator (__add__), etc.
+    bool is_operator : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a method
+    bool is_method : 1;
+
+    /// True if this is a setter
+    bool is_setter : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '*args' argument
+    bool has_args : 1;
+
+    /// True if the function has a '**kwargs' argument
+    bool has_kwargs : 1;
+
+    /// True if this function is to be inserted at the beginning of the overload resolution chain
+    bool prepend : 1;
+
+    /// Number of arguments (including py::args and/or py::kwargs, if present)
+    std::uint16_t nargs;
+
+    /// Number of leading positional arguments, which are terminated by a py::args or py::kwargs
+    /// argument or by a py::kw_only annotation.
+    std::uint16_t nargs_pos = 0;
+
+    /// Number of leading arguments (counted in `nargs`) that are positional-only
+    std::uint16_t nargs_pos_only = 0;
+
+    /// Python method object
+    PyMethodDef *def = nullptr;
+
+    /// Python handle to the parent scope (a class or a module)
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Python handle to the sibling function representing an overload chain
+    handle sibling;
+
+    /// Pointer to next overload
+    function_record *next = nullptr;
+};
+
+/// Special data structure which (temporarily) holds metadata about a bound class
+struct type_record {
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE type_record()
+        : multiple_inheritance(false), dynamic_attr(false), buffer_protocol(false),
+          default_holder(true), module_local(false), is_final(false) {}
+
+    /// Handle to the parent scope
+    handle scope;
+
+    /// Name of the class
+    const char *name = nullptr;
+
+    // Pointer to RTTI type_info data structure
+    const std::type_info *type = nullptr;
+
+    /// How large is the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_size = 0;
+
+    /// What is the alignment of the underlying C++ type?
+    size_t type_align = 0;
+
+    /// How large is the type's holder?
+    size_t holder_size = 0;
+
+    /// The global operator new can be overridden with a class-specific variant
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::init_instance
+    void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *) = nullptr;
+
+    /// Function pointer to class_<..>::dealloc
+    void (*dealloc)(detail::value_and_holder &) = nullptr;
+
+    /// List of base classes of the newly created type
+    list bases;
+
+    /// Optional docstring
+    const char *doc = nullptr;
+
+    /// Custom metaclass (optional)
+    handle metaclass;
+
+    /// Custom type setup.
+    custom_type_setup::callback custom_type_setup_callback;
+
+    /// Multiple inheritance marker
+    bool multiple_inheritance : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class manage a __dict__?
+    bool dynamic_attr : 1;
+
+    /// Does the class implement the buffer protocol?
+    bool buffer_protocol : 1;
+
+    /// Is the default (unique_ptr) holder type used?
+    bool default_holder : 1;
+
+    /// Is the class definition local to the module shared object?
+    bool module_local : 1;
+
+    /// Is the class inheritable from python classes?
+    bool is_final : 1;
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE void add_base(const std::type_info &base, void *(*caster)(void *) ) {
+        auto *base_info = detail::get_type_info(base, false);
+        if (!base_info) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name)
+                          + "\" referenced unknown base type \"" + tname + "\"");
+        }
+
+        if (default_holder != base_info->default_holder) {
+            std::string tname(base.name());
+            detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+            pybind11_fail("generic_type: type \"" + std::string(name) + "\" "
+                          + (default_holder ? "does not have" : "has")
+                          + " a non-default holder type while its base \"" + tname + "\" "
+                          + (base_info->default_holder ? "does not" : "does"));
+        }
+
+        bases.append((PyObject *) base_info->type);
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030B0000
+        dynamic_attr |= base_info->type->tp_dictoffset != 0;
+#else
+        dynamic_attr |= (base_info->type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) != 0;
+#endif
+
+        if (caster) {
+            base_info->implicit_casts.emplace_back(type, caster);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+inline function_call::function_call(const function_record &f, handle p) : func(f), parent(p) {
+    args.reserve(f.nargs);
+    args_convert.reserve(f.nargs);
+}
+
+/// Tag for a new-style `__init__` defined in `detail/init.h`
+struct is_new_style_constructor {};
+
+/**
+ * Partial template specializations to process custom attributes provided to
+ * cpp_function_ and class_. These are either used to initialize the respective
+ * fields in the type_record and function_record data structures or executed at
+ * runtime to deal with custom call policies (e.g. keep_alive).
+ */
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct process_attribute;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute_default {
+    /// Default implementation: do nothing
+    static void init(const T &, function_record *) {}
+    static void init(const T &, type_record *) {}
+    static void precall(function_call &) {}
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) {}
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's name
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<name> : process_attribute_default<name> {
+    static void init(const name &n, function_record *r) { r->name = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<doc> : process_attribute_default<doc> {
+    static void init(const doc &n, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(n.value); }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute specifying the function's docstring (provided as a C-style string)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<const char *> : process_attribute_default<const char *> {
+    static void init(const char *d, function_record *r) { r->doc = const_cast<char *>(d); }
+    static void init(const char *d, type_record *r) { r->doc = d; }
+};
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<char *> : process_attribute<const char *> {};
+
+/// Process an attribute indicating the function's return value policy
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<return_value_policy> : process_attribute_default<return_value_policy> {
+    static void init(const return_value_policy &p, function_record *r) { r->policy = p; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this is an overloaded function associated with a
+/// given sibling
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<sibling> : process_attribute_default<sibling> {
+    static void init(const sibling &s, function_record *r) { r->sibling = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a method
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_method> : process_attribute_default<is_method> {
+    static void init(const is_method &s, function_record *r) {
+        r->is_method = true;
+        r->scope = s.class_;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is a setter
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_setter> : process_attribute_default<is_setter> {
+    static void init(const is_setter &, function_record *r) { r->is_setter = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates the parent scope of a method
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<scope> : process_attribute_default<scope> {
+    static void init(const scope &s, function_record *r) { r->scope = s.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process an attribute which indicates that this function is an operator
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_operator> : process_attribute_default<is_operator> {
+    static void init(const is_operator &, function_record *r) { r->is_operator = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_new_style_constructor>
+    : process_attribute_default<is_new_style_constructor> {
+    static void init(const is_new_style_constructor &, function_record *r) {
+        r->is_new_style_constructor = true;
+    }
+};
+
+inline void check_kw_only_arg(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+    if (r->args.size() > r->nargs_pos && (!a.name || a.name[0] == '\0')) {
+        pybind11_fail("arg(): cannot specify an unnamed argument after a kw_only() annotation or "
+                      "args() argument");
+    }
+}
+
+inline void append_self_arg_if_needed(function_record *r) {
+    if (r->is_method && r->args.empty()) {
+        r->args.emplace_back("self", nullptr, handle(), /*convert=*/true, /*none=*/false);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*without* a default value)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arg> : process_attribute_default<arg> {
+    static void init(const arg &a, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, nullptr, handle(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+
+        check_kw_only_arg(a, r);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword argument attribute (*with* a default value)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arg_v> : process_attribute_default<arg_v> {
+    static void init(const arg_v &a, function_record *r) {
+        if (r->is_method && r->args.empty()) {
+            r->args.emplace_back(
+                "self", /*descr=*/nullptr, /*parent=*/handle(), /*convert=*/true, /*none=*/false);
+        }
+
+        if (!a.value) {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            std::string descr("'");
+            if (a.name) {
+                descr += std::string(a.name) + ": ";
+            }
+            descr += a.type + "'";
+            if (r->is_method) {
+                if (r->name) {
+                    descr += " in method '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "."
+                             + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+                } else {
+                    descr += " in method of '" + (std::string) str(r->scope) + "'";
+                }
+            } else if (r->name) {
+                descr += " in function '" + (std::string) r->name + "'";
+            }
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument " + descr
+                          + " into a Python object (type not registered yet?)");
+#else
+            pybind11_fail("arg(): could not convert default argument "
+                          "into a Python object (type not registered yet?). "
+                          "#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for "
+                          "more information.");
+#endif
+        }
+        r->args.emplace_back(a.name, a.descr, a.value.inc_ref(), !a.flag_noconvert, a.flag_none);
+
+        check_kw_only_arg(a, r);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a keyword-only-arguments-follow pseudo argument
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<kw_only> : process_attribute_default<kw_only> {
+    static void init(const kw_only &, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        if (r->has_args && r->nargs_pos != static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size())) {
+            pybind11_fail("Mismatched args() and kw_only(): they must occur at the same relative "
+                          "argument location (or omit kw_only() entirely)");
+        }
+        r->nargs_pos = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size());
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a positional-only-argument maker
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<pos_only> : process_attribute_default<pos_only> {
+    static void init(const pos_only &, function_record *r) {
+        append_self_arg_if_needed(r);
+        r->nargs_pos_only = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(r->args.size());
+        if (r->nargs_pos_only > r->nargs_pos) {
+            pybind11_fail("pos_only(): cannot follow a py::args() argument");
+        }
+        // It also can't follow a kw_only, but a static_assert in pybind11.h checks that
+    }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute.  Single inheritance only (class_ itself already guarantees
+/// that)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<T, enable_if_t<is_pyobject<T>::value>>
+    : process_attribute_default<handle> {
+    static void init(const handle &h, type_record *r) { r->bases.append(h); }
+};
+
+/// Process a parent class attribute (deprecated, does not support multiple inheritance)
+template <typename T>
+struct process_attribute<base<T>> : process_attribute_default<base<T>> {
+    static void init(const base<T> &, type_record *r) { r->add_base(typeid(T), nullptr); }
+};
+
+/// Process a multiple inheritance attribute
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<multiple_inheritance> : process_attribute_default<multiple_inheritance> {
+    static void init(const multiple_inheritance &, type_record *r) {
+        r->multiple_inheritance = true;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<dynamic_attr> : process_attribute_default<dynamic_attr> {
+    static void init(const dynamic_attr &, type_record *r) { r->dynamic_attr = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<custom_type_setup> {
+    static void init(const custom_type_setup &value, type_record *r) {
+        r->custom_type_setup_callback = value.value;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<is_final> : process_attribute_default<is_final> {
+    static void init(const is_final &, type_record *r) { r->is_final = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<buffer_protocol> : process_attribute_default<buffer_protocol> {
+    static void init(const buffer_protocol &, type_record *r) { r->buffer_protocol = true; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<metaclass> : process_attribute_default<metaclass> {
+    static void init(const metaclass &m, type_record *r) { r->metaclass = m.value; }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<module_local> : process_attribute_default<module_local> {
+    static void init(const module_local &l, type_record *r) { r->module_local = l.value; }
+};
+
+/// Process a 'prepend' attribute, putting this at the beginning of the overload chain
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<prepend> : process_attribute_default<prepend> {
+    static void init(const prepend &, function_record *r) { r->prepend = true; }
+};
+
+/// Process an 'arithmetic' attribute for enums (does nothing here)
+template <>
+struct process_attribute<arithmetic> : process_attribute_default<arithmetic> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+struct process_attribute<call_guard<Ts...>> : process_attribute_default<call_guard<Ts...>> {};
+
+/**
+ * Process a keep_alive call policy -- invokes keep_alive_impl during the
+ * pre-call handler if both Nurse, Patient != 0 and use the post-call handler
+ * otherwise
+ */
+template <size_t Nurse, size_t Patient>
+struct process_attribute<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>>
+    : public process_attribute_default<keep_alive<Nurse, Patient>> {
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, handle());
+    }
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N != 0 && P != 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &, handle) {}
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void precall(function_call &) {}
+    template <size_t N = Nurse, size_t P = Patient, enable_if_t<N == 0 || P == 0, int> = 0>
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle ret) {
+        keep_alive_impl(Nurse, Patient, call, ret);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Recursively iterate over variadic template arguments
+template <typename... Args>
+struct process_attributes {
+    static void init(const Args &...args, function_record *r) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(r);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(r);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{
+            0, ((void) process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void init(const Args &...args, type_record *r) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(r);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(r);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0,
+                        (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::init(args, r), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void precall(function_call &call) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(call);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0,
+                        (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::precall(call), 0)...};
+    }
+    static void postcall(function_call &call, handle fn_ret) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(call, fn_ret);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(fn_ret);
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{
+            0, (process_attribute<typename std::decay<Args>::type>::postcall(call, fn_ret), 0)...};
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_call_guard = is_instantiation<call_guard, T>;
+
+/// Extract the ``type`` from the first `call_guard` in `Extras...` (or `void_type` if none found)
+template <typename... Extra>
+using extract_guard_t = typename exactly_one_t<is_call_guard, call_guard<>, Extra...>::type;
+
+/// Check the number of named arguments at compile time
+template <typename... Extra,
+          size_t named = constexpr_sum(std::is_base_of<arg, Extra>::value...),
+          size_t self = constexpr_sum(std::is_same<is_method, Extra>::value...)>
+constexpr bool expected_num_args(size_t nargs, bool has_args, bool has_kwargs) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(nargs, has_args, has_kwargs);
+    return named == 0 || (self + named + size_t(has_args) + size_t(has_kwargs)) == nargs;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/buffer_info.h

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/buffer_info.h: Python buffer object interface
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Default, C-style strides
+inline std::vector<ssize_t> c_strides(const std::vector<ssize_t> &shape, ssize_t itemsize) {
+    auto ndim = shape.size();
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides(ndim, itemsize);
+    if (ndim > 0) {
+        for (size_t i = ndim - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+            strides[i - 1] = strides[i] * shape[i];
+        }
+    }
+    return strides;
+}
+
+// F-style strides; default when constructing an array_t with `ExtraFlags & f_style`
+inline std::vector<ssize_t> f_strides(const std::vector<ssize_t> &shape, ssize_t itemsize) {
+    auto ndim = shape.size();
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides(ndim, itemsize);
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < ndim; ++i) {
+        strides[i] = strides[i - 1] * shape[i - 1];
+    }
+    return strides;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct compare_buffer_info;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Information record describing a Python buffer object
+struct buffer_info {
+    void *ptr = nullptr;          // Pointer to the underlying storage
+    ssize_t itemsize = 0;         // Size of individual items in bytes
+    ssize_t size = 0;             // Total number of entries
+    std::string format;           // For homogeneous buffers, this should be set to
+                                  // format_descriptor<T>::format()
+    ssize_t ndim = 0;             // Number of dimensions
+    std::vector<ssize_t> shape;   // Shape of the tensor (1 entry per dimension)
+    std::vector<ssize_t> strides; // Number of bytes between adjacent entries
+                                  // (for each per dimension)
+    bool readonly = false;        // flag to indicate if the underlying storage may be written to
+
+    buffer_info() = default;
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : ptr(ptr), itemsize(itemsize), size(1), format(format), ndim(ndim),
+          shape(std::move(shape_in)), strides(std::move(strides_in)), readonly(readonly) {
+        if (ndim != (ssize_t) shape.size() || ndim != (ssize_t) strides.size()) {
+            pybind11_fail("buffer_info: ndim doesn't match shape and/or strides length");
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) ndim; ++i) {
+            size *= shape[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> strides_in,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(private_ctr_tag(),
+                      ptr,
+                      sizeof(T),
+                      format_descriptor<T>::format(),
+                      static_cast<ssize_t>(shape_in->size()),
+                      std::move(shape_in),
+                      std::move(strides_in),
+                      readonly) {}
+
+    buffer_info(void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t size,
+                bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(ptr, itemsize, format, 1, {size}, {itemsize}, readonly) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(T *ptr, ssize_t size, bool readonly = false)
+        : buffer_info(ptr, sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size, readonly) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    buffer_info(const T *ptr, ssize_t size, bool readonly = true)
+        : buffer_info(
+              const_cast<T *>(ptr), sizeof(T), format_descriptor<T>::format(), size, readonly) {}
+
+    explicit buffer_info(Py_buffer *view, bool ownview = true)
+        : buffer_info(
+              view->buf,
+              view->itemsize,
+              view->format,
+              view->ndim,
+              {view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim},
+              /* Though buffer::request() requests PyBUF_STRIDES, ctypes objects
+               * ignore this flag and return a view with NULL strides.
+               * When strides are NULL, build them manually.  */
+              view->strides
+                  ? std::vector<ssize_t>(view->strides, view->strides + view->ndim)
+                  : detail::c_strides({view->shape, view->shape + view->ndim}, view->itemsize),
+              (view->readonly != 0)) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        this->m_view = view;
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-prefer-member-initializer)
+        this->ownview = ownview;
+    }
+
+    buffer_info(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+    buffer_info &operator=(const buffer_info &) = delete;
+
+    buffer_info(buffer_info &&other) noexcept { (*this) = std::move(other); }
+
+    buffer_info &operator=(buffer_info &&rhs) noexcept {
+        ptr = rhs.ptr;
+        itemsize = rhs.itemsize;
+        size = rhs.size;
+        format = std::move(rhs.format);
+        ndim = rhs.ndim;
+        shape = std::move(rhs.shape);
+        strides = std::move(rhs.strides);
+        std::swap(m_view, rhs.m_view);
+        std::swap(ownview, rhs.ownview);
+        readonly = rhs.readonly;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~buffer_info() {
+        if (m_view && ownview) {
+            PyBuffer_Release(m_view);
+            delete m_view;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Py_buffer *view() const { return m_view; }
+    Py_buffer *&view() { return m_view; }
+
+    /* True if the buffer item type is equivalent to `T`. */
+    // To define "equivalent" by example:
+    // `buffer_info::item_type_is_equivalent_to<int>(b)` and
+    // `buffer_info::item_type_is_equivalent_to<long>(b)` may both be true
+    // on some platforms, but `int` and `unsigned` will never be equivalent.
+    // For the ground truth, please inspect `detail::compare_buffer_info<>`.
+    template <typename T>
+    bool item_type_is_equivalent_to() const {
+        return detail::compare_buffer_info<T>::compare(*this);
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct private_ctr_tag {};
+
+    buffer_info(private_ctr_tag,
+                void *ptr,
+                ssize_t itemsize,
+                const std::string &format,
+                ssize_t ndim,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&shape_in,
+                detail::any_container<ssize_t> &&strides_in,
+                bool readonly)
+        : buffer_info(
+              ptr, itemsize, format, ndim, std::move(shape_in), std::move(strides_in), readonly) {}
+
+    Py_buffer *m_view = nullptr;
+    bool ownview = false;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE>
+struct compare_buffer_info {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info &b) {
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-sizeof-expression) Needed for `PyObject *`
+        return b.format == format_descriptor<T>::format() && b.itemsize == (ssize_t) sizeof(T);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct compare_buffer_info<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<T>::value>> {
+    static bool compare(const buffer_info &b) {
+        return (size_t) b.itemsize == sizeof(T)
+               && (b.format == format_descriptor<T>::value
+                   || ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(long))
+                       && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "L" : "l"))
+                   || ((sizeof(T) == sizeof(size_t))
+                       && b.format == (std::is_unsigned<T>::value ? "N" : "n")));
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1855 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/cast.h: Partial template specializations to cast between
+    C++ and Python types
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#include "detail/descr.h"
+#include "detail/type_caster_base.h"
+#include "detail/typeid.h"
+#include "pytypes.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename type, typename SFINAE = void>
+class type_caster : public type_caster_base<type> {};
+template <typename type>
+using make_caster = type_caster<intrinsic_t<type>>;
+
+// Shortcut for calling a caster's `cast_op_type` cast operator for casting a type_caster to a T
+template <typename T>
+typename make_caster<T>::template cast_op_type<T> cast_op(make_caster<T> &caster) {
+    using result_t = typename make_caster<T>::template cast_op_type<T>; // See PR #4893
+    return caster.operator result_t();
+}
+template <typename T>
+typename make_caster<T>::template cast_op_type<typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type>
+cast_op(make_caster<T> &&caster) {
+    using result_t = typename make_caster<T>::template cast_op_type<
+        typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type>; // See PR #4893
+    return std::move(caster).operator result_t();
+}
+
+template <typename type>
+class type_caster<std::reference_wrapper<type>> {
+private:
+    using caster_t = make_caster<type>;
+    caster_t subcaster;
+    using reference_t = type &;
+    using subcaster_cast_op_type = typename caster_t::template cast_op_type<reference_t>;
+
+    static_assert(
+        std::is_same<typename std::remove_const<type>::type &, subcaster_cast_op_type>::value
+            || std::is_same<reference_t, subcaster_cast_op_type>::value,
+        "std::reference_wrapper<T> caster requires T to have a caster with an "
+        "`operator T &()` or `operator const T &()`");
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) { return subcaster.load(src, convert); }
+    static constexpr auto name = caster_t::name;
+    static handle
+    cast(const std::reference_wrapper<type> &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        // It is definitely wrong to take ownership of this pointer, so mask that rvp
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::automatic_reference;
+        }
+        return caster_t::cast(&src.get(), policy, parent);
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = std::reference_wrapper<type>;
+    explicit operator std::reference_wrapper<type>() { return cast_op<type &>(subcaster); }
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, py_name)                                                       \
+protected:                                                                                        \
+    type value;                                                                                   \
+                                                                                                  \
+public:                                                                                           \
+    static constexpr auto name = py_name;                                                         \
+    template <typename T_,                                                                        \
+              ::pybind11::detail::enable_if_t<                                                    \
+                  std::is_same<type, ::pybind11::detail::remove_cv_t<T_>>::value,                 \
+                  int>                                                                            \
+              = 0>                                                                                \
+    static ::pybind11::handle cast(                                                               \
+        T_ *src, ::pybind11::return_value_policy policy, ::pybind11::handle parent) {             \
+        if (!src)                                                                                 \
+            return ::pybind11::none().release();                                                  \
+        if (policy == ::pybind11::return_value_policy::take_ownership) {                          \
+            auto h = cast(std::move(*src), policy, parent);                                       \
+            delete src;                                                                           \
+            return h;                                                                             \
+        }                                                                                         \
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);                                                        \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    operator type *() { return &value; }               /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */   \
+    operator type &() { return value; }                /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */   \
+    operator type &&() && { return std::move(value); } /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */   \
+    template <typename T_>                                                                        \
+    using cast_op_type = ::pybind11::detail::movable_cast_op_type<T_>
+
+template <typename CharT>
+using is_std_char_type = any_of<std::is_same<CharT, char>, /* std::string */
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_U8STRING)
+                                std::is_same<CharT, char8_t>, /* std::u8string */
+#endif
+                                std::is_same<CharT, char16_t>, /* std::u16string */
+                                std::is_same<CharT, char32_t>, /* std::u32string */
+                                std::is_same<CharT, wchar_t>   /* std::wstring */
+                                >;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct type_caster<T, enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value && !is_std_char_type<T>::value>> {
+    using _py_type_0 = conditional_t<sizeof(T) <= sizeof(long), long, long long>;
+    using _py_type_1 = conditional_t<std::is_signed<T>::value,
+                                     _py_type_0,
+                                     typename std::make_unsigned<_py_type_0>::type>;
+    using py_type = conditional_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value, double, _py_type_1>;
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        py_type py_value;
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        auto index_check = [](PyObject *o) { return PyIndex_Check(o); };
+#else
+        // In PyPy 7.3.3, `PyIndex_Check` is implemented by calling `__index__`,
+        // while CPython only considers the existence of `nb_index`/`__index__`.
+        auto index_check = [](PyObject *o) { return hasattr(o, "__index__"); };
+#endif
+
+        if (std::is_floating_point<T>::value) {
+            if (convert || PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())) {
+                py_value = (py_type) PyFloat_AsDouble(src.ptr());
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else if (PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())
+                   || (!convert && !PYBIND11_LONG_CHECK(src.ptr()) && !index_check(src.ptr()))) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            handle src_or_index = src;
+            // PyPy: 7.3.7's 3.8 does not implement PyLong_*'s __index__ calls.
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000 || defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+            object index;
+            if (!PYBIND11_LONG_CHECK(src.ptr())) { // So: index_check(src.ptr())
+                index = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyNumber_Index(src.ptr()));
+                if (!index) {
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                    if (!convert)
+                        return false;
+                } else {
+                    src_or_index = index;
+                }
+            }
+#endif
+            if (std::is_unsigned<py_type>::value) {
+                py_value = as_unsigned<py_type>(src_or_index.ptr());
+            } else { // signed integer:
+                py_value = sizeof(T) <= sizeof(long)
+                               ? (py_type) PyLong_AsLong(src_or_index.ptr())
+                               : (py_type) PYBIND11_LONG_AS_LONGLONG(src_or_index.ptr());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Python API reported an error
+        bool py_err = py_value == (py_type) -1 && PyErr_Occurred();
+
+        // Check to see if the conversion is valid (integers should match exactly)
+        // Signed/unsigned checks happen elsewhere
+        if (py_err
+            || (std::is_integral<T>::value && sizeof(py_type) != sizeof(T)
+                && py_value != (py_type) (T) py_value)) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            if (py_err && convert && (PyNumber_Check(src.ptr()) != 0)) {
+                auto tmp = reinterpret_steal<object>(std::is_floating_point<T>::value
+                                                         ? PyNumber_Float(src.ptr())
+                                                         : PyNumber_Long(src.ptr()));
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                return load(tmp, false);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = (T) py_value;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<U>::value, handle>::type
+    cast(U src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyFloat_FromDouble((double) src);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<U>::value && std::is_signed<U>::value
+                                       && (sizeof(U) <= sizeof(long)),
+                                   handle>::type
+    cast(U src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PYBIND11_LONG_FROM_SIGNED((long) src);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<U>::value && std::is_unsigned<U>::value
+                                       && (sizeof(U) <= sizeof(unsigned long)),
+                                   handle>::type
+    cast(U src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PYBIND11_LONG_FROM_UNSIGNED((unsigned long) src);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<U>::value && std::is_signed<U>::value
+                                       && (sizeof(U) > sizeof(long)),
+                                   handle>::type
+    cast(U src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyLong_FromLongLong((long long) src);
+    }
+
+    template <typename U = T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<!std::is_floating_point<U>::value && std::is_unsigned<U>::value
+                                       && (sizeof(U) > sizeof(unsigned long)),
+                                   handle>::type
+    cast(U src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong((unsigned long long) src);
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(T, const_name<std::is_integral<T>::value>("int", "float"));
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct void_caster {
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        if (src && src.is_none()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    static handle cast(T, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return none().release();
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(T, const_name("None"));
+};
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<void_type> : public void_caster<void_type> {};
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<void> : public type_caster<void_type> {
+public:
+    using type_caster<void_type>::cast;
+
+    bool load(handle h, bool) {
+        if (!h) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (h.is_none()) {
+            value = nullptr;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /* Check if this is a capsule */
+        if (isinstance<capsule>(h)) {
+            value = reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(h);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /* Check if this is a C++ type */
+        const auto &bases = all_type_info((PyTypeObject *) type::handle_of(h).ptr());
+        if (bases.size() == 1) { // Only allowing loading from a single-value type
+            value = values_and_holders(reinterpret_cast<instance *>(h.ptr())).begin()->value_ptr();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /* Fail */
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const void *ptr, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        if (ptr) {
+            return capsule(ptr).release();
+        }
+        return none().release();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = void *&;
+    explicit operator void *&() { return value; }
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("capsule");
+
+private:
+    void *value = nullptr;
+};
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<std::nullptr_t> : public void_caster<std::nullptr_t> {};
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<bool> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src.ptr() == Py_True) {
+            value = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (src.ptr() == Py_False) {
+            value = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (convert || is_numpy_bool(src)) {
+            // (allow non-implicit conversion for numpy booleans), use strncmp
+            // since NumPy 1.x had an additional trailing underscore.
+
+            Py_ssize_t res = -1;
+            if (src.is_none()) {
+                res = 0; // None is implicitly converted to False
+            }
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+            // On PyPy, check that "__bool__" attr exists
+            else if (hasattr(src, PYBIND11_BOOL_ATTR)) {
+                res = PyObject_IsTrue(src.ptr());
+            }
+#else
+            // Alternate approach for CPython: this does the same as the above, but optimized
+            // using the CPython API so as to avoid an unneeded attribute lookup.
+            else if (auto *tp_as_number = src.ptr()->ob_type->tp_as_number) {
+                if (PYBIND11_NB_BOOL(tp_as_number)) {
+                    res = (*PYBIND11_NB_BOOL(tp_as_number))(src.ptr());
+                }
+            }
+#endif
+            if (res == 0 || res == 1) {
+                value = (res != 0);
+                return true;
+            }
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    static handle cast(bool src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return handle(src ? Py_True : Py_False).inc_ref();
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(bool, const_name("bool"));
+
+private:
+    // Test if an object is a NumPy boolean (without fetching the type).
+    static inline bool is_numpy_bool(handle object) {
+        const char *type_name = Py_TYPE(object.ptr())->tp_name;
+        // Name changed to `numpy.bool` in NumPy 2, `numpy.bool_` is needed for 1.x support
+        return std::strcmp("numpy.bool", type_name) == 0
+               || std::strcmp("numpy.bool_", type_name) == 0;
+    }
+};
+
+// Helper class for UTF-{8,16,32} C++ stl strings:
+template <typename StringType, bool IsView = false>
+struct string_caster {
+    using CharT = typename StringType::value_type;
+
+    // Simplify life by being able to assume standard char sizes (the standard only guarantees
+    // minimums, but Python requires exact sizes)
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<CharT, char>::value || sizeof(CharT) == 1,
+                  "Unsupported char size != 1");
+#if defined(PYBIND11_HAS_U8STRING)
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<CharT, char8_t>::value || sizeof(CharT) == 1,
+                  "Unsupported char8_t size != 1");
+#endif
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<CharT, char16_t>::value || sizeof(CharT) == 2,
+                  "Unsupported char16_t size != 2");
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<CharT, char32_t>::value || sizeof(CharT) == 4,
+                  "Unsupported char32_t size != 4");
+    // wchar_t can be either 16 bits (Windows) or 32 (everywhere else)
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<CharT, wchar_t>::value || sizeof(CharT) == 2 || sizeof(CharT) == 4,
+                  "Unsupported wchar_t size != 2/4");
+    static constexpr size_t UTF_N = 8 * sizeof(CharT);
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        handle load_src = src;
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!PyUnicode_Check(load_src.ptr())) {
+            return load_raw(load_src);
+        }
+
+        // For UTF-8 we avoid the need for a temporary `bytes` object by using
+        // `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize`.
+        if (UTF_N == 8) {
+            Py_ssize_t size = -1;
+            const auto *buffer
+                = reinterpret_cast<const CharT *>(PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(load_src.ptr(), &size));
+            if (!buffer) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                return false;
+            }
+            value = StringType(buffer, static_cast<size_t>(size));
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        auto utfNbytes
+            = reinterpret_steal<object>(PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(load_src.ptr(),
+                                                                  UTF_N == 8    ? "utf-8"
+                                                                  : UTF_N == 16 ? "utf-16"
+                                                                                : "utf-32",
+                                                                  nullptr));
+        if (!utfNbytes) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto *buffer
+            = reinterpret_cast<const CharT *>(PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING(utfNbytes.ptr()));
+        size_t length = (size_t) PYBIND11_BYTES_SIZE(utfNbytes.ptr()) / sizeof(CharT);
+        // Skip BOM for UTF-16/32
+        if (UTF_N > 8) {
+            buffer++;
+            length--;
+        }
+        value = StringType(buffer, length);
+
+        // If we're loading a string_view we need to keep the encoded Python object alive:
+        if (IsView) {
+            loader_life_support::add_patient(utfNbytes);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle
+    cast(const StringType &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        const char *buffer = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(src.data());
+        auto nbytes = ssize_t(src.size() * sizeof(CharT));
+        handle s = decode_utfN(buffer, nbytes);
+        if (!s) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(StringType, const_name(PYBIND11_STRING_NAME));
+
+private:
+    static handle decode_utfN(const char *buffer, ssize_t nbytes) {
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return UTF_N == 8    ? PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(buffer, nbytes, nullptr)
+               : UTF_N == 16 ? PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16(buffer, nbytes, nullptr, nullptr)
+                             : PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32(buffer, nbytes, nullptr, nullptr);
+#else
+        // PyPy segfaults when on PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16 (and possibly on PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32 as
+        // well), so bypass the whole thing by just passing the encoding as a string value, which
+        // works properly:
+        return PyUnicode_Decode(buffer,
+                                nbytes,
+                                UTF_N == 8    ? "utf-8"
+                                : UTF_N == 16 ? "utf-16"
+                                              : "utf-32",
+                                nullptr);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // When loading into a std::string or char*, accept a bytes/bytearray object as-is (i.e.
+    // without any encoding/decoding attempt).  For other C++ char sizes this is a no-op.
+    // which supports loading a unicode from a str, doesn't take this path.
+    template <typename C = CharT>
+    bool load_raw(enable_if_t<std::is_same<C, char>::value, handle> src) {
+        if (PYBIND11_BYTES_CHECK(src.ptr())) {
+            // We were passed raw bytes; accept it into a std::string or char*
+            // without any encoding attempt.
+            const char *bytes = PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING(src.ptr());
+            if (!bytes) {
+                pybind11_fail("Unexpected PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING() failure.");
+            }
+            value = StringType(bytes, (size_t) PYBIND11_BYTES_SIZE(src.ptr()));
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (PyByteArray_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            // We were passed a bytearray; accept it into a std::string or char*
+            // without any encoding attempt.
+            const char *bytearray = PyByteArray_AsString(src.ptr());
+            if (!bytearray) {
+                pybind11_fail("Unexpected PyByteArray_AsString() failure.");
+            }
+            value = StringType(bytearray, (size_t) PyByteArray_Size(src.ptr()));
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename C = CharT>
+    bool load_raw(enable_if_t<!std::is_same<C, char>::value, handle>) {
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename CharT, class Traits, class Allocator>
+struct type_caster<std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>,
+                   enable_if_t<is_std_char_type<CharT>::value>>
+    : string_caster<std::basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator>> {};
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+template <typename CharT, class Traits>
+struct type_caster<std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>,
+                   enable_if_t<is_std_char_type<CharT>::value>>
+    : string_caster<std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>, true> {};
+#endif
+
+// Type caster for C-style strings.  We basically use a std::string type caster, but also add the
+// ability to use None as a nullptr char* (which the string caster doesn't allow).
+template <typename CharT>
+struct type_caster<CharT, enable_if_t<is_std_char_type<CharT>::value>> {
+    using StringType = std::basic_string<CharT>;
+    using StringCaster = make_caster<StringType>;
+    StringCaster str_caster;
+    bool none = false;
+    CharT one_char = 0;
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            // Defer accepting None to other overloads (if we aren't in convert mode):
+            if (!convert) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            none = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return str_caster.load(src, convert);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const CharT *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (src == nullptr) {
+            return pybind11::none().release();
+        }
+        return StringCaster::cast(StringType(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(CharT src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (std::is_same<char, CharT>::value) {
+            handle s = PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1((const char *) &src, 1, nullptr);
+            if (!s) {
+                throw error_already_set();
+            }
+            return s;
+        }
+        return StringCaster::cast(StringType(1, src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    explicit operator CharT *() {
+        return none ? nullptr : const_cast<CharT *>(static_cast<StringType &>(str_caster).c_str());
+    }
+    explicit operator CharT &() {
+        if (none) {
+            throw value_error("Cannot convert None to a character");
+        }
+
+        auto &value = static_cast<StringType &>(str_caster);
+        size_t str_len = value.size();
+        if (str_len == 0) {
+            throw value_error("Cannot convert empty string to a character");
+        }
+
+        // If we're in UTF-8 mode, we have two possible failures: one for a unicode character that
+        // is too high, and one for multiple unicode characters (caught later), so we need to
+        // figure out how long the first encoded character is in bytes to distinguish between these
+        // two errors.  We also allow want to allow unicode characters U+0080 through U+00FF, as
+        // those can fit into a single char value.
+        if (StringCaster::UTF_N == 8 && str_len > 1 && str_len <= 4) {
+            auto v0 = static_cast<unsigned char>(value[0]);
+            // low bits only: 0-127
+            // 0b110xxxxx - start of 2-byte sequence
+            // 0b1110xxxx - start of 3-byte sequence
+            // 0b11110xxx - start of 4-byte sequence
+            size_t char0_bytes = (v0 & 0x80) == 0      ? 1
+                                 : (v0 & 0xE0) == 0xC0 ? 2
+                                 : (v0 & 0xF0) == 0xE0 ? 3
+                                                       : 4;
+
+            if (char0_bytes == str_len) {
+                // If we have a 128-255 value, we can decode it into a single char:
+                if (char0_bytes == 2 && (v0 & 0xFC) == 0xC0) { // 0x110000xx 0x10xxxxxx
+                    one_char = static_cast<CharT>(((v0 & 3) << 6)
+                                                  + (static_cast<unsigned char>(value[1]) & 0x3F));
+                    return one_char;
+                }
+                // Otherwise we have a single character, but it's > U+00FF
+                throw value_error("Character code point not in range(0x100)");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // UTF-16 is much easier: we can only have a surrogate pair for values above U+FFFF, thus a
+        // surrogate pair with total length 2 instantly indicates a range error (but not a "your
+        // string was too long" error).
+        else if (StringCaster::UTF_N == 16 && str_len == 2) {
+            one_char = static_cast<CharT>(value[0]);
+            if (one_char >= 0xD800 && one_char < 0xE000) {
+                throw value_error("Character code point not in range(0x10000)");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (str_len != 1) {
+            throw value_error("Expected a character, but multi-character string found");
+        }
+
+        one_char = value[0];
+        return one_char;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_STRING_NAME);
+    template <typename _T>
+    using cast_op_type = pybind11::detail::cast_op_type<_T>;
+};
+
+// Base implementation for std::tuple and std::pair
+template <template <typename...> class Tuple, typename... Ts>
+class tuple_caster {
+    using type = Tuple<Ts...>;
+    static constexpr auto size = sizeof...(Ts);
+    using indices = make_index_sequence<size>;
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!isinstance<sequence>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        const auto seq = reinterpret_borrow<sequence>(src);
+        if (seq.size() != size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return load_impl(seq, convert, indices{});
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(std::forward<T>(src), policy, parent, indices{});
+    }
+
+    // copied from the PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER macro
+    template <typename T>
+    static handle cast(T *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::take_ownership) {
+            auto h = cast(std::move(*src), policy, parent);
+            delete src;
+            return h;
+        }
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[")
+                                 + ::pybind11::detail::concat(make_caster<Ts>::name...)
+                                 + const_name("]");
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = type;
+
+    explicit operator type() & { return implicit_cast(indices{}); }
+    explicit operator type() && { return std::move(*this).implicit_cast(indices{}); }
+
+protected:
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    type implicit_cast(index_sequence<Is...>) & {
+        return type(cast_op<Ts>(std::get<Is>(subcasters))...);
+    }
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    type implicit_cast(index_sequence<Is...>) && {
+        return type(cast_op<Ts>(std::move(std::get<Is>(subcasters)))...);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr bool load_impl(const sequence &, bool, index_sequence<>) { return true; }
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    bool load_impl(const sequence &seq, bool convert, index_sequence<Is...>) {
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+        if ((... || !std::get<Is>(subcasters).load(seq[Is], convert))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+#else
+        for (bool r : {std::get<Is>(subcasters).load(seq[Is], convert)...}) {
+            if (!r) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation: Convert a C++ tuple into a Python tuple */
+    template <typename T, size_t... Is>
+    static handle
+    cast_impl(T &&src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent, index_sequence<Is...>) {
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(src, policy, parent);
+        PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(policy, parent);
+        std::array<object, size> entries{{reinterpret_steal<object>(
+            make_caster<Ts>::cast(std::get<Is>(std::forward<T>(src)), policy, parent))...}};
+        for (const auto &entry : entries) {
+            if (!entry) {
+                return handle();
+            }
+        }
+        tuple result(size);
+        int counter = 0;
+        for (auto &entry : entries) {
+            PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result.ptr(), counter++, entry.release().ptr());
+        }
+        return result.release();
+    }
+
+    Tuple<make_caster<Ts>...> subcasters;
+};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+class type_caster<std::pair<T1, T2>> : public tuple_caster<std::pair, T1, T2> {};
+
+template <typename... Ts>
+class type_caster<std::tuple<Ts...>> : public tuple_caster<std::tuple, Ts...> {};
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<std::tuple<>> : public tuple_caster<std::tuple> {
+public:
+    // PEP 484 specifies this syntax for an empty tuple
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple[()]");
+};
+
+/// Helper class which abstracts away certain actions. Users can provide specializations for
+/// custom holders, but it's only necessary if the type has a non-standard interface.
+template <typename T>
+struct holder_helper {
+    static auto get(const T &p) -> decltype(p.get()) { return p.get(); }
+};
+
+/// Type caster for holder types like std::shared_ptr, etc.
+/// The SFINAE hook is provided to help work around the current lack of support
+/// for smart-pointer interoperability. Please consider it an implementation
+/// detail that may change in the future, as formal support for smart-pointer
+/// interoperability is added into pybind11.
+template <typename type, typename holder_type, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct copyable_holder_caster : public type_caster_base<type> {
+public:
+    using base = type_caster_base<type>;
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<base, type_caster<type>>::value,
+                  "Holder classes are only supported for custom types");
+    using base::base;
+    using base::cast;
+    using base::typeinfo;
+    using base::value;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        return base::template load_impl<copyable_holder_caster<type, holder_type>>(src, convert);
+    }
+
+    explicit operator type *() { return this->value; }
+    // static_cast works around compiler error with MSVC 17 and CUDA 10.2
+    // see issue #2180
+    explicit operator type &() { return *(static_cast<type *>(this->value)); }
+    explicit operator holder_type *() { return std::addressof(holder); }
+    explicit operator holder_type &() { return holder; }
+
+    static handle cast(const holder_type &src, return_value_policy, handle) {
+        const auto *ptr = holder_helper<holder_type>::get(src);
+        return type_caster_base<type>::cast_holder(ptr, &src);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    friend class type_caster_generic;
+    void check_holder_compat() {
+        if (typeinfo->default_holder) {
+            throw cast_error("Unable to load a custom holder type from a default-holder instance");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void load_value(value_and_holder &&v_h) {
+        if (v_h.holder_constructed()) {
+            value = v_h.value_ptr();
+            holder = v_h.template holder<holder_type>();
+            return;
+        }
+        throw cast_error("Unable to cast from non-held to held instance (T& to Holder<T>) "
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+                         "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for "
+                         "type information)");
+#else
+                         "of type '"
+                         + type_id<holder_type>() + "''");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    template <typename T = holder_type,
+              detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_constructible<T, const T &, type *>::value, int> = 0>
+    bool try_implicit_casts(handle, bool) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T = holder_type,
+              detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<T, const T &, type *>::value, int> = 0>
+    bool try_implicit_casts(handle src, bool convert) {
+        for (auto &cast : typeinfo->implicit_casts) {
+            copyable_holder_caster sub_caster(*cast.first);
+            if (sub_caster.load(src, convert)) {
+                value = cast.second(sub_caster.value);
+                holder = holder_type(sub_caster.holder, (type *) value);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool try_direct_conversions(handle) { return false; }
+
+    holder_type holder;
+};
+
+/// Specialize for the common std::shared_ptr, so users don't need to
+template <typename T>
+class type_caster<std::shared_ptr<T>> : public copyable_holder_caster<T, std::shared_ptr<T>> {};
+
+/// Type caster for holder types like std::unique_ptr.
+/// Please consider the SFINAE hook an implementation detail, as explained
+/// in the comment for the copyable_holder_caster.
+template <typename type, typename holder_type, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct move_only_holder_caster {
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<type_caster_base<type>, type_caster<type>>::value,
+                  "Holder classes are only supported for custom types");
+
+    static handle cast(holder_type &&src, return_value_policy, handle) {
+        auto *ptr = holder_helper<holder_type>::get(src);
+        return type_caster_base<type>::cast_holder(ptr, std::addressof(src));
+    }
+    static constexpr auto name = type_caster_base<type>::name;
+};
+
+template <typename type, typename deleter>
+class type_caster<std::unique_ptr<type, deleter>>
+    : public move_only_holder_caster<type, std::unique_ptr<type, deleter>> {};
+
+template <typename type, typename holder_type>
+using type_caster_holder = conditional_t<is_copy_constructible<holder_type>::value,
+                                         copyable_holder_caster<type, holder_type>,
+                                         move_only_holder_caster<type, holder_type>>;
+
+template <typename T, bool Value = false>
+struct always_construct_holder {
+    static constexpr bool value = Value;
+};
+
+/// Create a specialization for custom holder types (silently ignores std::shared_ptr)
+#define PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE(type, holder_type, ...)                                      \
+    PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)                                                  \
+    namespace detail {                                                                            \
+    template <typename type>                                                                      \
+    struct always_construct_holder<holder_type> : always_construct_holder<void, ##__VA_ARGS__> {  \
+    };                                                                                            \
+    template <typename type>                                                                      \
+    class type_caster<holder_type, enable_if_t<!is_shared_ptr<holder_type>::value>>               \
+        : public type_caster_holder<type, holder_type> {};                                        \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+// PYBIND11_DECLARE_HOLDER_TYPE holder types:
+template <typename base, typename holder>
+struct is_holder_type
+    : std::is_base_of<detail::type_caster_holder<base, holder>, detail::type_caster<holder>> {};
+// Specialization for always-supported unique_ptr holders:
+template <typename base, typename deleter>
+struct is_holder_type<base, std::unique_ptr<base, deleter>> : std::true_type {};
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_DISABLE_HANDLE_TYPE_NAME_DEFAULT_IMPLEMENTATION // See PR #4888
+
+// This leads to compilation errors if a specialization is missing.
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name;
+
+#else
+
+template <typename T>
+struct handle_type_name {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<T>();
+};
+
+#endif
+
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<object> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("object");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<list> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("list");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<dict> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("dict");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<anyset> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Union[set, frozenset]");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<set> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("set");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<frozenset> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("frozenset");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<str> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("str");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<tuple> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("tuple");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<bool_> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("bool");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<bytes> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name(PYBIND11_BYTES_NAME);
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<buffer> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Buffer");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<int_> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("int");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<iterable> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Iterable");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<iterator> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Iterator");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<float_> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("float");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<function> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Callable");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<handle> {
+    static constexpr auto name = handle_type_name<object>::name;
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<none> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("None");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<sequence> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("Sequence");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<bytearray> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("bytearray");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<memoryview> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("memoryview");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<slice> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("slice");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<type> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("type");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<capsule> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("capsule");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<ellipsis> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("ellipsis");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<weakref> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("weakref");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<args> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("*args");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<kwargs> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name("**kwargs");
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<obj_attr_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<obj_attr_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<str_attr_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<str_attr_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<item_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<item_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<sequence_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<sequence_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<list_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<list_accessor>();
+};
+template <>
+struct handle_type_name<tuple_accessor> {
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<tuple_accessor>();
+};
+
+template <typename type>
+struct pyobject_caster {
+    template <typename T = type, enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, handle>::value, int> = 0>
+    pyobject_caster() : value() {}
+
+    // `type` may not be default constructible (e.g. frozenset, anyset).  Initializing `value`
+    // to a nil handle is safe since it will only be accessed if `load` succeeds.
+    template <typename T = type, enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<object, T>::value, int> = 0>
+    pyobject_caster() : value(reinterpret_steal<type>(handle())) {}
+
+    template <typename T = type, enable_if_t<std::is_same<T, handle>::value, int> = 0>
+    bool load(handle src, bool /* convert */) {
+        value = src;
+        return static_cast<bool>(value);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T = type, enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<object, T>::value, int> = 0>
+    bool load(handle src, bool /* convert */) {
+        if (!isinstance<type>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = reinterpret_borrow<type>(src);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const handle &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return src.inc_ref();
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, handle_type_name<type>::name);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class type_caster<T, enable_if_t<is_pyobject<T>::value>> : public pyobject_caster<T> {};
+
+// Our conditions for enabling moving are quite restrictive:
+// At compile time:
+// - T needs to be a non-const, non-pointer, non-reference type
+// - type_caster<T>::operator T&() must exist
+// - the type must be move constructible (obviously)
+// At run-time:
+// - if the type is non-copy-constructible, the object must be the sole owner of the type (i.e. it
+//   must have ref_count() == 1)h
+// If any of the above are not satisfied, we fall back to copying.
+template <typename T>
+using move_is_plain_type
+    = satisfies_none_of<T, std::is_void, std::is_pointer, std::is_reference, std::is_const>;
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct move_always : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct move_always<
+    T,
+    enable_if_t<
+        all_of<move_is_plain_type<T>,
+               negation<is_copy_constructible<T>>,
+               is_move_constructible<T>,
+               std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<make_caster<T>>().operator T &()), T &>>::value>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct move_if_unreferenced : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct move_if_unreferenced<
+    T,
+    enable_if_t<
+        all_of<move_is_plain_type<T>,
+               negation<move_always<T>>,
+               is_move_constructible<T>,
+               std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<make_caster<T>>().operator T &()), T &>>::value>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+template <typename T>
+using move_never = none_of<move_always<T>, move_if_unreferenced<T>>;
+
+// Detect whether returning a `type` from a cast on type's type_caster is going to result in a
+// reference or pointer to a local variable of the type_caster.  Basically, only
+// non-reference/pointer `type`s and reference/pointers from a type_caster_generic are safe;
+// everything else returns a reference/pointer to a local variable.
+template <typename type>
+using cast_is_temporary_value_reference
+    = bool_constant<(std::is_reference<type>::value || std::is_pointer<type>::value)
+                    && !std::is_base_of<type_caster_generic, make_caster<type>>::value
+                    && !std::is_same<intrinsic_t<type>, void>::value>;
+
+// When a value returned from a C++ function is being cast back to Python, we almost always want to
+// force `policy = move`, regardless of the return value policy the function/method was declared
+// with.
+template <typename Return, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct return_value_policy_override {
+    static return_value_policy policy(return_value_policy p) { return p; }
+};
+
+template <typename Return>
+struct return_value_policy_override<
+    Return,
+    detail::enable_if_t<std::is_base_of<type_caster_generic, make_caster<Return>>::value, void>> {
+    static return_value_policy policy(return_value_policy p) {
+        return !std::is_lvalue_reference<Return>::value && !std::is_pointer<Return>::value
+                   ? return_value_policy::move
+                   : p;
+    }
+};
+
+// Basic python -> C++ casting; throws if casting fails
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE>
+type_caster<T, SFINAE> &load_type(type_caster<T, SFINAE> &conv, const handle &handle) {
+    static_assert(!detail::is_pyobject<T>::value,
+                  "Internal error: type_caster should only be used for C++ types");
+    if (!conv.load(handle, true)) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+        throw cast_error(
+            "Unable to cast Python instance of type "
+            + str(type::handle_of(handle)).cast<std::string>()
+            + " to C++ type '?' (#define "
+              "PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for details)");
+#else
+        throw cast_error("Unable to cast Python instance of type "
+                         + str(type::handle_of(handle)).cast<std::string>() + " to C++ type '"
+                         + type_id<T>() + "'");
+#endif
+    }
+    return conv;
+}
+// Wrapper around the above that also constructs and returns a type_caster
+template <typename T>
+make_caster<T> load_type(const handle &handle) {
+    make_caster<T> conv;
+    load_type(conv, handle);
+    return conv;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// pytype -> C++ type
+template <typename T,
+          detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_pyobject<T>::value
+                                  && !detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value,
+                              int>
+          = 0>
+T cast(const handle &handle) {
+    using namespace detail;
+    static_assert(!cast_is_temporary_value_reference<T>::value,
+                  "Unable to cast type to reference: value is local to type caster");
+    return cast_op<T>(load_type<T>(handle));
+}
+
+// pytype -> pytype (calls converting constructor)
+template <typename T, detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_pyobject<T>::value, int> = 0>
+T cast(const handle &handle) {
+    return T(reinterpret_borrow<object>(handle));
+}
+
+// Note that `cast<PyObject *>(obj)` increments the reference count of `obj`.
+// This is necessary for the case that `obj` is a temporary, and could
+// not possibly be different, given
+// 1. the established convention that the passed `handle` is borrowed, and
+// 2. we don't want to force all generic code using `cast<T>()` to special-case
+//    handling of `T` = `PyObject *` (to increment the reference count there).
+// It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that the reference count
+// is decremented.
+template <typename T,
+          typename Handle,
+          detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value
+                                  && detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<Handle, handle>::value,
+                              int>
+          = 0>
+T cast(Handle &&handle) {
+    return handle.inc_ref().ptr();
+}
+// To optimize way an inc_ref/dec_ref cycle:
+template <typename T,
+          typename Object,
+          detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value
+                                  && detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<Object, object>::value,
+                              int>
+          = 0>
+T cast(Object &&obj) {
+    return obj.release().ptr();
+}
+
+// C++ type -> py::object
+template <typename T, detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_pyobject<T>::value, int> = 0>
+object cast(T &&value,
+            return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic_reference,
+            handle parent = handle()) {
+    using no_ref_T = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+    if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic) {
+        policy = std::is_pointer<no_ref_T>::value     ? return_value_policy::take_ownership
+                 : std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value ? return_value_policy::copy
+                                                      : return_value_policy::move;
+    } else if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+        policy = std::is_pointer<no_ref_T>::value     ? return_value_policy::reference
+                 : std::is_lvalue_reference<T>::value ? return_value_policy::copy
+                                                      : return_value_policy::move;
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(
+        detail::make_caster<T>::cast(std::forward<T>(value), policy, parent));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T handle::cast() const {
+    return pybind11::cast<T>(*this);
+}
+template <>
+inline void handle::cast() const {
+    return;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+detail::enable_if_t<!detail::move_never<T>::value, T> move(object &&obj) {
+    if (obj.ref_count() > 1) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+        throw cast_error(
+            "Unable to cast Python " + str(type::handle_of(obj)).cast<std::string>()
+            + " instance to C++ rvalue: instance has multiple references"
+              " (#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for details)");
+#else
+        throw cast_error("Unable to move from Python "
+                         + str(type::handle_of(obj)).cast<std::string>() + " instance to C++ "
+                         + type_id<T>() + " instance: instance has multiple references");
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Move into a temporary and return that, because the reference may be a local value of `conv`
+    T ret = std::move(detail::load_type<T>(obj).operator T &());
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// Calling cast() on an rvalue calls pybind11::cast with the object rvalue, which does:
+// - If we have to move (because T has no copy constructor), do it.  This will fail if the moved
+//   object has multiple references, but trying to copy will fail to compile.
+// - If both movable and copyable, check ref count: if 1, move; otherwise copy
+// - Otherwise (not movable), copy.
+template <typename T>
+detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_pyobject<T>::value && detail::move_always<T>::value, T>
+cast(object &&object) {
+    return move<T>(std::move(object));
+}
+template <typename T>
+detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_pyobject<T>::value && detail::move_if_unreferenced<T>::value, T>
+cast(object &&object) {
+    if (object.ref_count() > 1) {
+        return cast<T>(object);
+    }
+    return move<T>(std::move(object));
+}
+template <typename T>
+detail::enable_if_t<!detail::is_pyobject<T>::value && detail::move_never<T>::value, T>
+cast(object &&object) {
+    return cast<T>(object);
+}
+
+// pytype rvalue -> pytype (calls converting constructor)
+template <typename T>
+detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_pyobject<T>::value, T> cast(object &&object) {
+    return T(std::move(object));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T object::cast() const & {
+    return pybind11::cast<T>(*this);
+}
+template <typename T>
+T object::cast() && {
+    return pybind11::cast<T>(std::move(*this));
+}
+template <>
+inline void object::cast() const & {
+    return;
+}
+template <>
+inline void object::cast() && {
+    return;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Declared in pytypes.h:
+template <typename T, enable_if_t<!is_pyobject<T>::value, int>>
+object object_or_cast(T &&o) {
+    return pybind11::cast(std::forward<T>(o));
+}
+
+// Placeholder type for the unneeded (and dead code) static variable in the
+// PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_OVERRIDE macro
+struct override_unused {};
+template <typename ret_type>
+using override_caster_t = conditional_t<cast_is_temporary_value_reference<ret_type>::value,
+                                        make_caster<ret_type>,
+                                        override_unused>;
+
+// Trampoline use: for reference/pointer types to value-converted values, we do a value cast, then
+// store the result in the given variable.  For other types, this is a no-op.
+template <typename T>
+enable_if_t<cast_is_temporary_value_reference<T>::value, T> cast_ref(object &&o,
+                                                                     make_caster<T> &caster) {
+    return cast_op<T>(load_type(caster, o));
+}
+template <typename T>
+enable_if_t<!cast_is_temporary_value_reference<T>::value, T> cast_ref(object &&,
+                                                                      override_unused &) {
+    pybind11_fail("Internal error: cast_ref fallback invoked");
+}
+
+// Trampoline use: Having a pybind11::cast with an invalid reference type is going to
+// static_assert, even though if it's in dead code, so we provide a "trampoline" to pybind11::cast
+// that only does anything in cases where pybind11::cast is valid.
+template <typename T>
+enable_if_t<cast_is_temporary_value_reference<T>::value
+                && !detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value,
+            T>
+cast_safe(object &&) {
+    pybind11_fail("Internal error: cast_safe fallback invoked");
+}
+template <typename T>
+enable_if_t<std::is_void<T>::value, void> cast_safe(object &&) {}
+template <typename T>
+enable_if_t<detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value, PyObject *>
+cast_safe(object &&o) {
+    return o.release().ptr();
+}
+template <typename T>
+enable_if_t<detail::none_of<cast_is_temporary_value_reference<T>,
+                            detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>,
+                            std::is_void<T>>::value,
+            T>
+cast_safe(object &&o) {
+    return pybind11::cast<T>(std::move(o));
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// The overloads could coexist, i.e. the #if is not strictly speaking needed,
+// but it is an easy minor optimization.
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+inline cast_error cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(const std::string &name) {
+    return cast_error("Unable to convert call argument '" + name
+                      + "' to Python object (#define "
+                        "PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for details)");
+}
+#else
+inline cast_error cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(const std::string &name,
+                                                        const std::string &type) {
+    return cast_error("Unable to convert call argument '" + name + "' of type '" + type
+                      + "' to Python object");
+}
+#endif
+
+template <return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic_reference>
+tuple make_tuple() {
+    return tuple(0);
+}
+
+template <return_value_policy policy = return_value_policy::automatic_reference, typename... Args>
+tuple make_tuple(Args &&...args_) {
+    constexpr size_t size = sizeof...(Args);
+    std::array<object, size> args{{reinterpret_steal<object>(
+        detail::make_caster<Args>::cast(std::forward<Args>(args_), policy, nullptr))...}};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
+        if (!args[i]) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            throw cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(std::to_string(i));
+#else
+            std::array<std::string, size> argtypes{{type_id<Args>()...}};
+            throw cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(std::to_string(i), argtypes[i]);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    tuple result(size);
+    int counter = 0;
+    for (auto &arg_value : args) {
+        PyTuple_SET_ITEM(result.ptr(), counter++, arg_value.release().ptr());
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/// \ingroup annotations
+/// Annotation for arguments
+struct arg {
+    /// Constructs an argument with the name of the argument; if null or omitted, this is a
+    /// positional argument.
+    constexpr explicit arg(const char *name = nullptr)
+        : name(name), flag_noconvert(false), flag_none(true) {}
+    /// Assign a value to this argument
+    template <typename T>
+    arg_v operator=(T &&value) const;
+    /// Indicate that the type should not be converted in the type caster
+    arg &noconvert(bool flag = true) {
+        flag_noconvert = flag;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    /// Indicates that the argument should/shouldn't allow None (e.g. for nullable pointer args)
+    arg &none(bool flag = true) {
+        flag_none = flag;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    const char *name;        ///< If non-null, this is a named kwargs argument
+    bool flag_noconvert : 1; ///< If set, do not allow conversion (requires a supporting type
+                             ///< caster!)
+    bool flag_none : 1;      ///< If set (the default), allow None to be passed to this argument
+};
+
+/// \ingroup annotations
+/// Annotation for arguments with values
+struct arg_v : arg {
+private:
+    template <typename T>
+    arg_v(arg &&base, T &&x, const char *descr = nullptr)
+        : arg(base), value(reinterpret_steal<object>(detail::make_caster<T>::cast(
+                         std::forward<T>(x), return_value_policy::automatic, {}))),
+          descr(descr)
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+          ,
+          type(type_id<T>())
+#endif
+    {
+        // Workaround! See:
+        // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/2336
+        // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/2685#issuecomment-731286700
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+    /// Direct construction with name, default, and description
+    template <typename T>
+    arg_v(const char *name, T &&x, const char *descr = nullptr)
+        : arg_v(arg(name), std::forward<T>(x), descr) {}
+
+    /// Called internally when invoking `py::arg("a") = value`
+    template <typename T>
+    arg_v(const arg &base, T &&x, const char *descr = nullptr)
+        : arg_v(arg(base), std::forward<T>(x), descr) {}
+
+    /// Same as `arg::noconvert()`, but returns *this as arg_v&, not arg&
+    arg_v &noconvert(bool flag = true) {
+        arg::noconvert(flag);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Same as `arg::nonone()`, but returns *this as arg_v&, not arg&
+    arg_v &none(bool flag = true) {
+        arg::none(flag);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// The default value
+    object value;
+    /// The (optional) description of the default value
+    const char *descr;
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+    /// The C++ type name of the default value (only available when compiled in debug mode)
+    std::string type;
+#endif
+};
+
+/// \ingroup annotations
+/// Annotation indicating that all following arguments are keyword-only; the is the equivalent of
+/// an unnamed '*' argument
+struct kw_only {};
+
+/// \ingroup annotations
+/// Annotation indicating that all previous arguments are positional-only; the is the equivalent of
+/// an unnamed '/' argument (in Python 3.8)
+struct pos_only {};
+
+template <typename T>
+arg_v arg::operator=(T &&value) const {
+    return {*this, std::forward<T>(value)};
+}
+
+/// Alias for backward compatibility -- to be removed in version 2.0
+template <typename /*unused*/>
+using arg_t = arg_v;
+
+inline namespace literals {
+/** \rst
+    String literal version of `arg`
+ \endrst */
+constexpr arg
+#if !defined(__clang__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5
+operator"" _a // gcc 4.8.5 insists on having a space (hard error).
+#else
+operator""_a // clang 17 generates a deprecation warning if there is a space.
+#endif
+    (const char *name, size_t) {
+    return arg(name);
+}
+} // namespace literals
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_kw_only = std::is_same<intrinsic_t<T>, kw_only>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_pos_only = std::is_same<intrinsic_t<T>, pos_only>;
+
+// forward declaration (definition in attr.h)
+struct function_record;
+
+/// Internal data associated with a single function call
+struct function_call {
+    function_call(const function_record &f, handle p); // Implementation in attr.h
+
+    /// The function data:
+    const function_record &func;
+
+    /// Arguments passed to the function:
+    std::vector<handle> args;
+
+    /// The `convert` value the arguments should be loaded with
+    std::vector<bool> args_convert;
+
+    /// Extra references for the optional `py::args` and/or `py::kwargs` arguments (which, if
+    /// present, are also in `args` but without a reference).
+    object args_ref, kwargs_ref;
+
+    /// The parent, if any
+    handle parent;
+
+    /// If this is a call to an initializer, this argument contains `self`
+    handle init_self;
+};
+
+/// Helper class which loads arguments for C++ functions called from Python
+template <typename... Args>
+class argument_loader {
+    using indices = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Args)>;
+
+    template <typename Arg>
+    using argument_is_args = std::is_same<intrinsic_t<Arg>, args>;
+    template <typename Arg>
+    using argument_is_kwargs = std::is_same<intrinsic_t<Arg>, kwargs>;
+    // Get kwargs argument position, or -1 if not present:
+    static constexpr auto kwargs_pos = constexpr_last<argument_is_kwargs, Args...>();
+
+    static_assert(kwargs_pos == -1 || kwargs_pos == (int) sizeof...(Args) - 1,
+                  "py::kwargs is only permitted as the last argument of a function");
+
+public:
+    static constexpr bool has_kwargs = kwargs_pos != -1;
+
+    // py::args argument position; -1 if not present.
+    static constexpr int args_pos = constexpr_last<argument_is_args, Args...>();
+
+    static_assert(args_pos == -1 || args_pos == constexpr_first<argument_is_args, Args...>(),
+                  "py::args cannot be specified more than once");
+
+    static constexpr auto arg_names
+        = ::pybind11::detail::concat(type_descr(make_caster<Args>::name)...);
+
+    bool load_args(function_call &call) { return load_impl_sequence(call, indices{}); }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Guard, typename Func>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-const-return-type)
+    enable_if_t<!std::is_void<Return>::value, Return> call(Func &&f) && {
+        return std::move(*this).template call_impl<remove_cv_t<Return>>(
+            std::forward<Func>(f), indices{}, Guard{});
+    }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Guard, typename Func>
+    enable_if_t<std::is_void<Return>::value, void_type> call(Func &&f) && {
+        std::move(*this).template call_impl<remove_cv_t<Return>>(
+            std::forward<Func>(f), indices{}, Guard{});
+        return void_type();
+    }
+
+private:
+    static bool load_impl_sequence(function_call &, index_sequence<>) { return true; }
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    bool load_impl_sequence(function_call &call, index_sequence<Is...>) {
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+        if ((... || !std::get<Is>(argcasters).load(call.args[Is], call.args_convert[Is]))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+#else
+        for (bool r : {std::get<Is>(argcasters).load(call.args[Is], call.args_convert[Is])...}) {
+            if (!r) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Func, size_t... Is, typename Guard>
+    Return call_impl(Func &&f, index_sequence<Is...>, Guard &&) && {
+        return std::forward<Func>(f)(cast_op<Args>(std::move(std::get<Is>(argcasters)))...);
+    }
+
+    std::tuple<make_caster<Args>...> argcasters;
+};
+
+/// Helper class which collects only positional arguments for a Python function call.
+/// A fancier version below can collect any argument, but this one is optimal for simple calls.
+template <return_value_policy policy>
+class simple_collector {
+public:
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    explicit simple_collector(Ts &&...values)
+        : m_args(pybind11::make_tuple<policy>(std::forward<Ts>(values)...)) {}
+
+    const tuple &args() const & { return m_args; }
+    dict kwargs() const { return {}; }
+
+    tuple args() && { return std::move(m_args); }
+
+    /// Call a Python function and pass the collected arguments
+    object call(PyObject *ptr) const {
+        PyObject *result = PyObject_CallObject(ptr, m_args.ptr());
+        if (!result) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+    }
+
+private:
+    tuple m_args;
+};
+
+/// Helper class which collects positional, keyword, * and ** arguments for a Python function call
+template <return_value_policy policy>
+class unpacking_collector {
+public:
+    template <typename... Ts>
+    explicit unpacking_collector(Ts &&...values) {
+        // Tuples aren't (easily) resizable so a list is needed for collection,
+        // but the actual function call strictly requires a tuple.
+        auto args_list = list();
+        using expander = int[];
+        (void) expander{0, (process(args_list, std::forward<Ts>(values)), 0)...};
+
+        m_args = std::move(args_list);
+    }
+
+    const tuple &args() const & { return m_args; }
+    const dict &kwargs() const & { return m_kwargs; }
+
+    tuple args() && { return std::move(m_args); }
+    dict kwargs() && { return std::move(m_kwargs); }
+
+    /// Call a Python function and pass the collected arguments
+    object call(PyObject *ptr) const {
+        PyObject *result = PyObject_Call(ptr, m_args.ptr(), m_kwargs.ptr());
+        if (!result) {
+            throw error_already_set();
+        }
+        return reinterpret_steal<object>(result);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename T>
+    void process(list &args_list, T &&x) {
+        auto o = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+            detail::make_caster<T>::cast(std::forward<T>(x), policy, {}));
+        if (!o) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            throw cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(std::to_string(args_list.size()));
+#else
+            throw cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(std::to_string(args_list.size()),
+                                                        type_id<T>());
+#endif
+        }
+        args_list.append(std::move(o));
+    }
+
+    void process(list &args_list, detail::args_proxy ap) {
+        for (auto a : ap) {
+            args_list.append(a);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void process(list & /*args_list*/, arg_v a) {
+        if (!a.name) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            nameless_argument_error();
+#else
+            nameless_argument_error(a.type);
+#endif
+        }
+        if (m_kwargs.contains(a.name)) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            multiple_values_error();
+#else
+            multiple_values_error(a.name);
+#endif
+        }
+        if (!a.value) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+            throw cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(a.name);
+#else
+            throw cast_error_unable_to_convert_call_arg(a.name, a.type);
+#endif
+        }
+        m_kwargs[a.name] = std::move(a.value);
+    }
+
+    void process(list & /*args_list*/, detail::kwargs_proxy kp) {
+        if (!kp) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (auto k : reinterpret_borrow<dict>(kp)) {
+            if (m_kwargs.contains(k.first)) {
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+                multiple_values_error();
+#else
+                multiple_values_error(str(k.first));
+#endif
+            }
+            m_kwargs[k.first] = k.second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[noreturn]] static void nameless_argument_error() {
+        throw type_error(
+            "Got kwargs without a name; only named arguments "
+            "may be passed via py::arg() to a python function call. "
+            "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for details)");
+    }
+    [[noreturn]] static void nameless_argument_error(const std::string &type) {
+        throw type_error("Got kwargs without a name of type '" + type
+                         + "'; only named "
+                           "arguments may be passed via py::arg() to a python function call. ");
+    }
+    [[noreturn]] static void multiple_values_error() {
+        throw type_error(
+            "Got multiple values for keyword argument "
+            "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for details)");
+    }
+
+    [[noreturn]] static void multiple_values_error(const std::string &name) {
+        throw type_error("Got multiple values for keyword argument '" + name + "'");
+    }
+
+private:
+    tuple m_args;
+    dict m_kwargs;
+};
+
+// [workaround(intel)] Separate function required here
+// We need to put this into a separate function because the Intel compiler
+// fails to compile enable_if_t<!all_of<is_positional<Args>...>::value>
+// (tested with ICC 2021.1 Beta 20200827).
+template <typename... Args>
+constexpr bool args_are_all_positional() {
+    return all_of<is_positional<Args>...>::value;
+}
+
+/// Collect only positional arguments for a Python function call
+template <return_value_policy policy,
+          typename... Args,
+          typename = enable_if_t<args_are_all_positional<Args...>()>>
+simple_collector<policy> collect_arguments(Args &&...args) {
+    return simple_collector<policy>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+/// Collect all arguments, including keywords and unpacking (only instantiated when needed)
+template <return_value_policy policy,
+          typename... Args,
+          typename = enable_if_t<!args_are_all_positional<Args...>()>>
+unpacking_collector<policy> collect_arguments(Args &&...args) {
+    // Following argument order rules for generalized unpacking according to PEP 448
+    static_assert(constexpr_last<is_positional, Args...>()
+                          < constexpr_first<is_keyword_or_ds, Args...>()
+                      && constexpr_last<is_s_unpacking, Args...>()
+                             < constexpr_first<is_ds_unpacking, Args...>(),
+                  "Invalid function call: positional args must precede keywords and ** unpacking; "
+                  "* unpacking must precede ** unpacking");
+    return unpacking_collector<policy>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <typename Derived>
+template <return_value_policy policy, typename... Args>
+object object_api<Derived>::operator()(Args &&...args) const {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    if (!PyGILState_Check()) {
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::object_api<>::operator() PyGILState_Check() failure.");
+    }
+#endif
+    return detail::collect_arguments<policy>(std::forward<Args>(args)...).call(derived().ptr());
+}
+
+template <typename Derived>
+template <return_value_policy policy, typename... Args>
+object object_api<Derived>::call(Args &&...args) const {
+    return operator()<policy>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+template <typename T>
+handle type::handle_of() {
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<detail::type_caster_generic, detail::make_caster<T>>::value,
+                  "py::type::of<T> only supports the case where T is a registered C++ types.");
+
+    return detail::get_type_handle(typeid(T), true);
+}
+
+#define PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE(...)                                                                 \
+    PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)                                                  \
+    namespace detail {                                                                            \
+    template <>                                                                                   \
+    class type_caster<__VA_ARGS__> : public type_caster_base<__VA_ARGS__> {};                     \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+/// Lets you pass a type containing a `,` through a macro parameter without needing a separate
+/// typedef, e.g.:
+/// `PYBIND11_OVERRIDE(PYBIND11_TYPE(ReturnType<A, B>), PYBIND11_TYPE(Parent<C, D>), f, arg)`
+#define PYBIND11_TYPE(...) __VA_ARGS__
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/chrono.h

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/chrono.h: Transparent conversion between std::chrono and python's datetime
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Trent Houliston <trent@houliston.me> and
+                       Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <datetime.h>
+#include <mutex>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename type>
+class duration_caster {
+public:
+    using rep = typename type::rep;
+    using period = typename type::period;
+
+    // signed 25 bits required by the standard.
+    using days = std::chrono::duration<int_least32_t, std::ratio<86400>>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // If invoked with datetime.delta object
+        if (PyDelta_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                days(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_DAYS(src.ptr()))
+                + seconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_SECONDS(src.ptr()))
+                + microseconds(PyDateTime_DELTA_GET_MICROSECONDS(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        // If invoked with a float we assume it is seconds and convert
+        if (PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            value = type(duration_cast<duration<rep, period>>(
+                duration<double>(PyFloat_AsDouble(src.ptr()))));
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a duration just return it back
+    static const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::duration<rep, period> &src) {
+        return src;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a time_point get the time_since_epoch
+    template <typename Clock>
+    static std::chrono::duration<rep, period>
+    get_duration(const std::chrono::time_point<Clock, std::chrono::duration<rep, period>> &src) {
+        return src.time_since_epoch();
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Use overloaded function to get our duration from our source
+        // Works out if it is a duration or time_point and get the duration
+        auto d = get_duration(src);
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        // Declare these special duration types so the conversions happen with the correct
+        // primitive types (int)
+        using dd_t = duration<int, std::ratio<86400>>;
+        using ss_t = duration<int, std::ratio<1>>;
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+
+        auto dd = duration_cast<dd_t>(d);
+        auto subd = d - dd;
+        auto ss = duration_cast<ss_t>(subd);
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(subd - ss);
+        return PyDelta_FromDSU(dd.count(), ss.count(), us.count());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, const_name("datetime.timedelta"));
+};
+
+inline std::tm *localtime_thread_safe(const std::time_t *time, std::tm *buf) {
+#if (defined(__STDC_LIB_EXT1__) && defined(__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__)) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+    if (localtime_s(buf, time))
+        return nullptr;
+    return buf;
+#else
+    static std::mutex mtx;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
+    std::tm *tm_ptr = std::localtime(time);
+    if (tm_ptr != nullptr) {
+        *buf = *tm_ptr;
+    }
+    return tm_ptr;
+#endif
+}
+
+// This is for casting times on the system clock into datetime.datetime instances
+template <typename Duration>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>> {
+public:
+    using type = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>;
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::tm cal;
+        microseconds msecs;
+
+        if (PyDateTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour = PyDateTime_DATE_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(PyDateTime_DATE_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+        } else if (PyDate_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = 0;
+            cal.tm_min = 0;
+            cal.tm_hour = 0;
+            cal.tm_mday = PyDateTime_GET_DAY(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mon = PyDateTime_GET_MONTH(src.ptr()) - 1;
+            cal.tm_year = PyDateTime_GET_YEAR(src.ptr()) - 1900;
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(0);
+        } else if (PyTime_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            cal.tm_sec = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_SECOND(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_min = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MINUTE(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_hour = PyDateTime_TIME_GET_HOUR(src.ptr());
+            cal.tm_mday = 1;  // This date (day, month, year) = (1, 0, 70)
+            cal.tm_mon = 0;   // represents 1-Jan-1970, which is the first
+            cal.tm_year = 70; // earliest available date for Python's datetime
+            cal.tm_isdst = -1;
+            msecs = microseconds(PyDateTime_TIME_GET_MICROSECOND(src.ptr()));
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = time_point_cast<Duration>(system_clock::from_time_t(std::mktime(&cal)) + msecs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration> &src,
+                       return_value_policy /* policy */,
+                       handle /* parent */) {
+        using namespace std::chrono;
+
+        // Lazy initialise the PyDateTime import
+        if (!PyDateTimeAPI) {
+            PyDateTime_IMPORT;
+        }
+
+        // Get out microseconds, and make sure they are positive, to avoid bug in eastern
+        // hemisphere time zones (cfr. https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/2417)
+        using us_t = duration<int, std::micro>;
+        auto us = duration_cast<us_t>(src.time_since_epoch() % seconds(1));
+        if (us.count() < 0) {
+            us += seconds(1);
+        }
+
+        // Subtract microseconds BEFORE `system_clock::to_time_t`, because:
+        // > If std::time_t has lower precision, it is implementation-defined whether the value is
+        // rounded or truncated. (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/system_clock/to_time_t)
+        std::time_t tt
+            = system_clock::to_time_t(time_point_cast<system_clock::duration>(src - us));
+
+        std::tm localtime;
+        std::tm *localtime_ptr = localtime_thread_safe(&tt, &localtime);
+        if (!localtime_ptr) {
+            throw cast_error("Unable to represent system_clock in local time");
+        }
+        return PyDateTime_FromDateAndTime(localtime.tm_year + 1900,
+                                          localtime.tm_mon + 1,
+                                          localtime.tm_mday,
+                                          localtime.tm_hour,
+                                          localtime.tm_min,
+                                          localtime.tm_sec,
+                                          us.count());
+    }
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(type, const_name("datetime.datetime"));
+};
+
+// Other clocks that are not the system clock are not measured as datetime.datetime objects
+// since they are not measured on calendar time. So instead we just make them timedeltas
+// Or if they have passed us a time as a float we convert that
+template <typename Clock, typename Duration>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>>
+    : public duration_caster<std::chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>> {};
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period>
+class type_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>>
+    : public duration_caster<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "detail/common.h"
+#warning "Including 'common.h' is deprecated. It will be removed in v3.0. Use 'pybind11.h'."

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/complex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/complex.h: Complex number support
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "pybind11.h"
+
+#include <complex>
+
+/// glibc defines I as a macro which breaks things, e.g., boost template names
+#ifdef I
+#    undef I
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct format_descriptor<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = format_descriptor<T>::c;
+    static constexpr const char value[3] = {'Z', c, '\0'};
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(value); }
+};
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_CPP17
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr const char
+    format_descriptor<std::complex<T>,
+                      detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>>::value[3];
+
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_fmt_numeric<std::complex<T>, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_floating_point<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    static constexpr int index = is_fmt_numeric<T>::index + 3;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class type_caster<std::complex<T>> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!convert && !PyComplex_Check(src.ptr())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Py_complex result = PyComplex_AsCComplex(src.ptr());
+        if (result.real == -1.0 && PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = std::complex<T>((T) result.real, (T) result.imag);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle
+    cast(const std::complex<T> &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        return PyComplex_FromDoubles((double) src.real(), (double) src.imag());
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(std::complex<T>, const_name("complex"));
+};
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/class.h

@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/class.h: Python C API implementation details for py::class_
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/attr.h>
+#include <pybind11/options.h>
+
+#include "exception_translation.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+#    define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)
+#else
+// In PyPy, we still set __qualname__ so that we can produce reliable function type
+// signatures; in CPython this macro expands to nothing:
+#    define PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(obj, nameobj)                                             \
+        setattr((PyObject *) obj, "__qualname__", nameobj)
+#endif
+
+inline std::string get_fully_qualified_tp_name(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    return type->tp_name;
+#else
+    auto module_name = handle((PyObject *) type).attr("__module__").cast<std::string>();
+    if (module_name == PYBIND11_BUILTINS_MODULE)
+        return type->tp_name;
+    else
+        return std::move(module_name) + "." + type->tp_name;
+#endif
+}
+
+inline PyTypeObject *type_incref(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    Py_INCREF(type);
+    return type;
+}
+
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__get__()`: Always pass the class instead of the instance.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_static_get(PyObject *self, PyObject * /*ob*/, PyObject *cls) {
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_get(self, cls, cls);
+}
+
+/// `pybind11_static_property.__set__()`: Just like the above `__get__()`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_static_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *value) {
+    PyObject *cls = PyType_Check(obj) ? obj : (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(obj);
+    return PyProperty_Type.tp_descr_set(self, cls, value);
+}
+
+// Forward declaration to use in `make_static_property_type()`
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type);
+
+/** A `static_property` is the same as a `property` but the `__get__()` and `__set__()`
+    methods are modified to always use the object type instead of a concrete instance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_static_property";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): error allocating type!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#    ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#    endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyProperty_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    type->tp_descr_get = pybind11_static_get;
+    type->tp_descr_set = pybind11_static_set;
+
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000
+    // Since Python-3.12 property-derived types are required to
+    // have dynamic attributes (to set `__doc__`)
+    enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+#    endif
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_static_property_type(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+#else // PYPY
+
+/** PyPy has some issues with the above C API, so we evaluate Python code instead.
+    This function will only be called once so performance isn't really a concern.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type() {
+    auto d = dict();
+    PyObject *result = PyRun_String(R"(\
+class pybind11_static_property(property):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+        return property.__get__(self, cls, cls)
+
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
+        cls = obj if isinstance(obj, type) else type(obj)
+        property.__set__(self, cls, value)
+)",
+                                    Py_file_input,
+                                    d.ptr(),
+                                    d.ptr());
+    if (result == nullptr)
+        throw error_already_set();
+    Py_DECREF(result);
+    return (PyTypeObject *) d["pybind11_static_property"].cast<object>().release().ptr();
+}
+
+#endif // PYPY
+
+/** Types with static properties need to handle `Type.static_prop = x` in a specific way.
+    By default, Python replaces the `static_property` itself, but for wrapped C++ types
+    we need to call `static_property.__set__()` in order to propagate the new value to
+    the underlying C++ data structure. */
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_meta_setattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name, PyObject *value) {
+    // Use `_PyType_Lookup()` instead of `PyObject_GetAttr()` in order to get the raw
+    // descriptor (`property`) instead of calling `tp_descr_get` (`property.__get__()`).
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+
+    // The following assignment combinations are possible:
+    //   1. `Type.static_prop = value`             --> descr_set: `Type.static_prop.__set__(value)`
+    //   2. `Type.static_prop = other_static_prop` --> setattro:  replace existing `static_prop`
+    //   3. `Type.regular_attribute = value`       --> setattro:  regular attribute assignment
+    auto *const static_prop = (PyObject *) get_internals().static_property_type;
+    const auto call_descr_set = (descr != nullptr) && (value != nullptr)
+                                && (PyObject_IsInstance(descr, static_prop) != 0)
+                                && (PyObject_IsInstance(value, static_prop) == 0);
+    if (call_descr_set) {
+        // Call `static_property.__set__()` instead of replacing the `static_property`.
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        return Py_TYPE(descr)->tp_descr_set(descr, obj, value);
+#else
+        if (PyObject *result = PyObject_CallMethod(descr, "__set__", "OO", obj, value)) {
+            Py_DECREF(result);
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+#endif
+    } else {
+        // Replace existing attribute.
+        return PyType_Type.tp_setattro(obj, name, value);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Python 3's PyInstanceMethod_Type hides itself via its tp_descr_get, which prevents aliasing
+ * methods via cls.attr("m2") = cls.attr("m1"): instead the tp_descr_get returns a plain function,
+ * when called on a class, or a PyMethod, when called on an instance.  Override that behaviour here
+ * to do a special case bypass for PyInstanceMethod_Types.
+ */
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_getattro(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup((PyTypeObject *) obj, name);
+    if (descr && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr)) {
+        Py_INCREF(descr);
+        return descr;
+    }
+    return PyType_Type.tp_getattro(obj, name);
+}
+
+/// metaclass `__call__` function that is used to create all pybind11 objects.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_meta_call(PyObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwargs) {
+
+    // use the default metaclass call to create/initialize the object
+    PyObject *self = PyType_Type.tp_call(type, args, kwargs);
+    if (self == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that the base __init__ function(s) were called
+    values_and_holders vhs(self);
+    for (const auto &vh : vhs) {
+        if (!vh.holder_constructed() && !vhs.is_redundant_value_and_holder(vh)) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                         "%.200s.__init__() must be called when overriding __init__",
+                         get_fully_qualified_tp_name(vh.type->type).c_str());
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Cleanup the type-info for a pybind11-registered type.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_meta_dealloc(PyObject *obj) {
+    with_internals([obj](internals &internals) {
+        auto *type = (PyTypeObject *) obj;
+
+        // A pybind11-registered type will:
+        // 1) be found in internals.registered_types_py
+        // 2) have exactly one associated `detail::type_info`
+        auto found_type = internals.registered_types_py.find(type);
+        if (found_type != internals.registered_types_py.end() && found_type->second.size() == 1
+            && found_type->second[0]->type == type) {
+
+            auto *tinfo = found_type->second[0];
+            auto tindex = std::type_index(*tinfo->cpptype);
+            internals.direct_conversions.erase(tindex);
+
+            if (tinfo->module_local) {
+                get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp.erase(tindex);
+            } else {
+                internals.registered_types_cpp.erase(tindex);
+            }
+            internals.registered_types_py.erase(tinfo->type);
+
+            // Actually just `std::erase_if`, but that's only available in C++20
+            auto &cache = internals.inactive_override_cache;
+            for (auto it = cache.begin(), last = cache.end(); it != last;) {
+                if (it->first == (PyObject *) tinfo->type) {
+                    it = cache.erase(it);
+                } else {
+                    ++it;
+                }
+            }
+
+            delete tinfo;
+        }
+    });
+
+    PyType_Type.tp_dealloc(obj);
+}
+
+/** This metaclass is assigned by default to all pybind11 types and is required in order
+    for static properties to function correctly. Users may override this using `py::metaclass`.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyTypeObject *make_default_metaclass() {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_type";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) PyType_Type.tp_alloc(&PyType_Type, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): error allocating metaclass!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyType_Type);
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_call = pybind11_meta_call;
+
+    type->tp_setattro = pybind11_meta_setattro;
+    type->tp_getattro = pybind11_meta_getattro;
+
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_meta_dealloc;
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_default_metaclass(): failure in PyType_Ready()!");
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    return type;
+}
+
+/// For multiple inheritance types we need to recursively register/deregister base pointers for any
+/// base classes with pointers that are difference from the instance value pointer so that we can
+/// correctly recognize an offset base class pointer. This calls a function with any offset base
+/// ptrs.
+inline void traverse_offset_bases(void *valueptr,
+                                  const detail::type_info *tinfo,
+                                  instance *self,
+                                  bool (*f)(void * /*parentptr*/, instance * /*self*/)) {
+    for (handle h : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(tinfo->type->tp_bases)) {
+        if (auto *parent_tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) h.ptr())) {
+            for (auto &c : parent_tinfo->implicit_casts) {
+                if (c.first == tinfo->cpptype) {
+                    auto *parentptr = c.second(valueptr);
+                    if (parentptr != valueptr) {
+                        f(parentptr, self);
+                    }
+                    traverse_offset_bases(parentptr, parent_tinfo, self, f);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline bool register_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+    with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) { instances.emplace(ptr, self); });
+    return true; // unused, but gives the same signature as the deregister func
+}
+inline bool deregister_instance_impl(void *ptr, instance *self) {
+    return with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto range = instances.equal_range(ptr);
+        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+            if (self == it->second) {
+                instances.erase(it);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+}
+
+inline void register_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    register_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors) {
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, register_instance_impl);
+    }
+}
+
+inline bool deregister_instance(instance *self, void *valptr, const type_info *tinfo) {
+    bool ret = deregister_instance_impl(valptr, self);
+    if (!tinfo->simple_ancestors) {
+        traverse_offset_bases(valptr, tinfo, self, deregister_instance_impl);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It allocates the internal instance layout
+/// for holding C++ objects and holders.  Allocation is done lazily (the first time the instance is
+/// cast to a reference or pointer), and initialization is done by an `__init__` function.
+inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    // PyPy gets tp_basicsize wrong (issue 2482) under multiple inheritance when the first
+    // inherited object is a plain Python type (i.e. not derived from an extension type).  Fix it.
+    ssize_t instance_size = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (type->tp_basicsize < instance_size) {
+        type->tp_basicsize = instance_size;
+    }
+#endif
+    PyObject *self = type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    auto *inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(self);
+    // Allocate the value/holder internals:
+    inst->allocate_layout();
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/// Instance creation function for all pybind11 types. It only allocates space for the
+/// C++ object, but doesn't call the constructor -- an `__init__` function must do that.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    return make_new_instance(type);
+}
+
+/// An `__init__` function constructs the C++ object. Users should provide at least one
+/// of these using `py::init` or directly with `.def(__init__, ...)`. Otherwise, the
+/// following default function will be used which simply throws an exception.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_object_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *, PyObject *) {
+    PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+    std::string msg = get_fully_qualified_tp_name(type) + ": No constructor defined!";
+    set_error(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
+    return -1;
+}
+
+inline void add_patient(PyObject *nurse, PyObject *patient) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(nurse);
+    instance->has_patients = true;
+    Py_INCREF(patient);
+
+    with_internals([&](internals &internals) { internals.patients[nurse].push_back(patient); });
+}
+
+inline void clear_patients(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+    std::vector<PyObject *> patients;
+
+    with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        auto pos = internals.patients.find(self);
+
+        if (pos == internals.patients.end()) {
+            pybind11_fail(
+                "FATAL: Internal consistency check failed: Invalid clear_patients() call.");
+        }
+
+        // Clearing the patients can cause more Python code to run, which
+        // can invalidate the iterator. Extract the vector of patients
+        // from the unordered_map first.
+        patients = std::move(pos->second);
+        internals.patients.erase(pos);
+    });
+
+    instance->has_patients = false;
+    for (PyObject *&patient : patients) {
+        Py_CLEAR(patient);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Clears all internal data from the instance and removes it from registered instances in
+/// preparation for deallocation.
+inline void clear_instance(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *instance = reinterpret_cast<detail::instance *>(self);
+
+    // Deallocate any values/holders, if present:
+    for (auto &v_h : values_and_holders(instance)) {
+        if (v_h) {
+
+            // We have to deregister before we call dealloc because, for virtual MI types, we still
+            // need to be able to get the parent pointers.
+            if (v_h.instance_registered()
+                && !deregister_instance(instance, v_h.value_ptr(), v_h.type)) {
+                pybind11_fail(
+                    "pybind11_object_dealloc(): Tried to deallocate unregistered instance!");
+            }
+
+            if (instance->owned || v_h.holder_constructed()) {
+                v_h.type->dealloc(v_h);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Deallocate the value/holder layout internals:
+    instance->deallocate_layout();
+
+    if (instance->weakrefs) {
+        PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(self);
+    }
+
+    PyObject **dict_ptr = _PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    if (dict_ptr) {
+        Py_CLEAR(*dict_ptr);
+    }
+
+    if (instance->has_patients) {
+        clear_patients(self);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Instance destructor function for all pybind11 types. It calls `type_info.dealloc`
+/// to destroy the C++ object itself, while the rest is Python bookkeeping.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_object_dealloc(PyObject *self) {
+    auto *type = Py_TYPE(self);
+
+    // If this is a GC tracked object, untrack it first
+    // Note that the track call is implicitly done by the
+    // default tp_alloc, which we never override.
+    if (PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC) != 0) {
+        PyObject_GC_UnTrack(self);
+    }
+
+    clear_instance(self);
+
+    type->tp_free(self);
+
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000
+    // `type->tp_dealloc != pybind11_object_dealloc` means that we're being called
+    // as part of a derived type's dealloc, in which case we're not allowed to decref
+    // the type here. For cross-module compatibility, we shouldn't compare directly
+    // with `pybind11_object_dealloc`, but with the common one stashed in internals.
+    auto pybind11_object_type = (PyTypeObject *) get_internals().instance_base;
+    if (type->tp_dealloc == pybind11_object_type->tp_dealloc)
+        Py_DECREF(type);
+#else
+    // This was not needed before Python 3.8 (Python issue 35810)
+    // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/1946
+    Py_DECREF(type);
+#endif
+}
+
+std::string error_string();
+
+/** Create the type which can be used as a common base for all classes.  This is
+    needed in order to satisfy Python's requirements for multiple inheritance.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass) {
+    constexpr auto *name = "pybind11_object";
+    auto name_obj = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(name));
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail("make_object_base_type(): error allocating type!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = name_obj.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = name;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref(&PyBaseObject_Type);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    type->tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+
+    type->tp_new = pybind11_object_new;
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+    type->tp_dealloc = pybind11_object_dealloc;
+
+    /* Support weak references (needed for the keep_alive feature) */
+    type->tp_weaklistoffset = offsetof(instance, weakrefs);
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail("PyType_Ready failed in make_object_base_type(): " + error_string());
+    }
+
+    setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", str("pybind11_builtins"));
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, name_obj);
+
+    assert(!PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+    return (PyObject *) heap_type;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the garbage collector to traverse the internal instance `__dict__`.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+    PyObject_VisitManagedDict(self, visit, arg);
+#else
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_VISIT(dict);
+#endif
+// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_traverse
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x03090000
+    Py_VISIT(Py_TYPE(self));
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// dynamic_attr: Allow the GC to clear the dictionary.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_clear(PyObject *self) {
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+    PyObject_ClearManagedDict(self);
+#else
+    PyObject *&dict = *_PyObject_GetDictPtr(self);
+    Py_CLEAR(dict);
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// Give instances of this type a `__dict__` and opt into garbage collection.
+inline void enable_dynamic_attributes(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030B0000
+    type->tp_dictoffset = type->tp_basicsize;           // place dict at the end
+    type->tp_basicsize += (ssize_t) sizeof(PyObject *); // and allocate enough space for it
+#else
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT;
+#endif
+    type->tp_traverse = pybind11_traverse;
+    type->tp_clear = pybind11_clear;
+
+    static PyGetSetDef getset[]
+        = {{"__dict__", PyObject_GenericGetDict, PyObject_GenericSetDict, nullptr, nullptr},
+           {nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr}};
+    type->tp_getset = getset;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Fill in the view as specified by flags.
+extern "C" inline int pybind11_getbuffer(PyObject *obj, Py_buffer *view, int flags) {
+    // Look for a `get_buffer` implementation in this type's info or any bases (following MRO).
+    type_info *tinfo = nullptr;
+    for (auto type : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(Py_TYPE(obj)->tp_mro)) {
+        tinfo = get_type_info((PyTypeObject *) type.ptr());
+        if (tinfo && tinfo->get_buffer) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (view == nullptr || !tinfo || !tinfo->get_buffer) {
+        if (view) {
+            view->obj = nullptr;
+        }
+        set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "pybind11_getbuffer(): Internal error");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    std::memset(view, 0, sizeof(Py_buffer));
+    buffer_info *info = nullptr;
+    try {
+        info = tinfo->get_buffer(obj, tinfo->get_buffer_data);
+    } catch (...) {
+        try_translate_exceptions();
+        raise_from(PyExc_BufferError, "Error getting buffer");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (info == nullptr) {
+        pybind11_fail("FATAL UNEXPECTED SITUATION: tinfo->get_buffer() returned nullptr.");
+    }
+
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_WRITABLE) == PyBUF_WRITABLE && info->readonly) {
+        delete info;
+        // view->obj = nullptr;  // Was just memset to 0, so not necessary
+        set_error(PyExc_BufferError, "Writable buffer requested for readonly storage");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    view->obj = obj;
+    view->ndim = 1;
+    view->internal = info;
+    view->buf = info->ptr;
+    view->itemsize = info->itemsize;
+    view->len = view->itemsize;
+    for (auto s : info->shape) {
+        view->len *= s;
+    }
+    view->readonly = static_cast<int>(info->readonly);
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_FORMAT) == PyBUF_FORMAT) {
+        view->format = const_cast<char *>(info->format.c_str());
+    }
+    if ((flags & PyBUF_STRIDES) == PyBUF_STRIDES) {
+        view->ndim = (int) info->ndim;
+        view->strides = info->strides.data();
+        view->shape = info->shape.data();
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(view->obj);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/// buffer_protocol: Release the resources of the buffer.
+extern "C" inline void pybind11_releasebuffer(PyObject *, Py_buffer *view) {
+    delete (buffer_info *) view->internal;
+}
+
+/// Give this type a buffer interface.
+inline void enable_buffer_protocol(PyHeapTypeObject *heap_type) {
+    heap_type->ht_type.tp_as_buffer = &heap_type->as_buffer;
+
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_getbuffer = pybind11_getbuffer;
+    heap_type->as_buffer.bf_releasebuffer = pybind11_releasebuffer;
+}
+
+/** Create a brand new Python type according to the `type_record` specification.
+    Return value: New reference. */
+inline PyObject *make_new_python_type(const type_record &rec) {
+    auto name = reinterpret_steal<object>(PYBIND11_FROM_STRING(rec.name));
+
+    auto qualname = name;
+    if (rec.scope && !PyModule_Check(rec.scope.ptr()) && hasattr(rec.scope, "__qualname__")) {
+        qualname = reinterpret_steal<object>(
+            PyUnicode_FromFormat("%U.%U", rec.scope.attr("__qualname__").ptr(), name.ptr()));
+    }
+
+    object module_;
+    if (rec.scope) {
+        if (hasattr(rec.scope, "__module__")) {
+            module_ = rec.scope.attr("__module__");
+        } else if (hasattr(rec.scope, "__name__")) {
+            module_ = rec.scope.attr("__name__");
+        }
+    }
+
+    const auto *full_name = c_str(
+#if !defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+        module_ ? str(module_).cast<std::string>() + "." + rec.name :
+#endif
+                rec.name);
+
+    char *tp_doc = nullptr;
+    if (rec.doc && options::show_user_defined_docstrings()) {
+        /* Allocate memory for docstring (Python will free this later on) */
+        size_t size = std::strlen(rec.doc) + 1;
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030D0000
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyMem_MALLOC(size);
+#else
+        tp_doc = (char *) PyObject_MALLOC(size);
+#endif
+        std::memcpy((void *) tp_doc, rec.doc, size);
+    }
+
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    auto bases = tuple(rec.bases);
+    auto *base = (bases.empty()) ? internals.instance_base : bases[0].ptr();
+
+    /* Danger zone: from now (and until PyType_Ready), make sure to
+       issue no Python C API calls which could potentially invoke the
+       garbage collector (the GC will call type_traverse(), which will in
+       turn find the newly constructed type in an invalid state) */
+    auto *metaclass
+        = rec.metaclass.ptr() ? (PyTypeObject *) rec.metaclass.ptr() : internals.default_metaclass;
+
+    auto *heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *) metaclass->tp_alloc(metaclass, 0);
+    if (!heap_type) {
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": Unable to create type object!");
+    }
+
+    heap_type->ht_name = name.release().ptr();
+#ifdef PYBIND11_BUILTIN_QUALNAME
+    heap_type->ht_qualname = qualname.inc_ref().ptr();
+#endif
+
+    auto *type = &heap_type->ht_type;
+    type->tp_name = full_name;
+    type->tp_doc = tp_doc;
+    type->tp_base = type_incref((PyTypeObject *) base);
+    type->tp_basicsize = static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(instance));
+    if (!bases.empty()) {
+        type->tp_bases = bases.release().ptr();
+    }
+
+    /* Don't inherit base __init__ */
+    type->tp_init = pybind11_object_init;
+
+    /* Supported protocols */
+    type->tp_as_number = &heap_type->as_number;
+    type->tp_as_sequence = &heap_type->as_sequence;
+    type->tp_as_mapping = &heap_type->as_mapping;
+    type->tp_as_async = &heap_type->as_async;
+
+    /* Flags */
+    type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE;
+    if (!rec.is_final) {
+        type->tp_flags |= Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE;
+    }
+
+    if (rec.dynamic_attr) {
+        enable_dynamic_attributes(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (rec.buffer_protocol) {
+        enable_buffer_protocol(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (rec.custom_type_setup_callback) {
+        rec.custom_type_setup_callback(heap_type);
+    }
+
+    if (PyType_Ready(type) < 0) {
+        pybind11_fail(std::string(rec.name) + ": PyType_Ready failed: " + error_string());
+    }
+
+    assert(!rec.dynamic_attr || PyType_HasFeature(type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC));
+
+    /* Register type with the parent scope */
+    if (rec.scope) {
+        setattr(rec.scope, rec.name, (PyObject *) type);
+    } else {
+        Py_INCREF(type); // Keep it alive forever (reference leak)
+    }
+
+    if (module_) { // Needed by pydoc
+        setattr((PyObject *) type, "__module__", module_);
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_SET_OLDPY_QUALNAME(type, qualname);
+
+    return (PyObject *) type;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/common.h -- Basic macros
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_MINOR 13
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_PATCH 6
+
+// Similar to Python's convention: https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/apiabiversion.html
+// Additional convention: 0xD = dev
+#define PYBIND11_VERSION_HEX 0x020D0600
+
+// Define some generic pybind11 helper macros for warning management.
+//
+// Note that compiler-specific push/pop pairs are baked into the
+// PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN/PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END pair of macros. Therefore manual
+// PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH/PYBIND11_WARNING_POP are usually only needed in `#include` sections.
+//
+// If you find you need to suppress a warning, please try to make the suppression as local as
+// possible using these macros. Please also be sure to push/pop with the pybind11 macros. Please
+// only use compiler specifics if you need to check specific versions, e.g. Apple Clang vs. vanilla
+// Clang.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_MSVC
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) __pragma(__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(push))
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(pop))
+#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_INTEL
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning pop)
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic push)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define PYBIND11_COMPILER_GCC
+#    define PYBIND11_PRAGMA(...) _Pragma(#__VA_ARGS__)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic push)
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_POP PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_MSVC
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning(disable : name))
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_CLANG
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(clang diagnostic ignored name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_GCC
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC(name)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PYBIND11_COMPILER_INTEL
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_INTEL(name) PYBIND11_PRAGMA(warning disable name)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_INTEL(name)
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(name)                                                            \
+    namespace name {                                                                              \
+    PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+
+#define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(name)                                                              \
+    PYBIND11_WARNING_POP                                                                          \
+    }
+
+// Robust support for some features and loading modules compiled against different pybind versions
+// requires forcing hidden visibility on pybind code, so we enforce this by setting the attribute
+// on the main `pybind11` namespace.
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+#    ifdef __GNUG__
+#        define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE pybind11 __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_NAMESPACE pybind11
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && __cplusplus == 199711L)
+#    if __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#        define PYBIND11_CPP14
+#        if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#            define PYBIND11_CPP17
+#            if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#                define PYBIND11_CPP20
+// Please update tests/pybind11_tests.cpp `cpp_std()` when adding a macro here.
+#            endif
+#        endif
+#    endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && __cplusplus == 199711L
+// MSVC sets _MSVC_LANG rather than __cplusplus (supposedly until the standard is fully
+// implemented). Unless you use the /Zc:__cplusplus flag on Visual Studio 2017 15.7 Preview 3
+// or newer.
+#    if _MSVC_LANG >= 201402L
+#        define PYBIND11_CPP14
+#        if _MSVC_LANG > 201402L
+#            define PYBIND11_CPP17
+#            if _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L
+#                define PYBIND11_CPP20
+#            endif
+#        endif
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP20)
+#    define PYBIND11_CONSTINIT constinit
+#    define PYBIND11_DTOR_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_CONSTINIT
+#    define PYBIND11_DTOR_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+
+// Compiler version assertions
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    if __INTEL_COMPILER < 1800
+#        error pybind11 requires Intel C++ compiler v18 or newer
+#    elif __INTEL_COMPILER < 1900 && defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+#        error pybind11 supports only C++11 with Intel C++ compiler v18. Use v19 or newer for C++14.
+#    endif
+/* The following pragma cannot be pop'ed:
+   https://community.intel.com/t5/Intel-C-Compiler/Inline-and-no-inline-warning/td-p/1216764 */
+#    pragma warning disable 2196 // warning #2196: routine is both "inline" and "noinline"
+#elif defined(__clang__) && !defined(__apple_build_version__)
+#    if __clang_major__ < 3 || (__clang_major__ == 3 && __clang_minor__ < 3)
+#        error pybind11 requires clang 3.3 or newer
+#    endif
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+// Apple changes clang version macros to its Xcode version; the first Xcode release based on
+// (upstream) clang 3.3 was Xcode 5:
+#    if __clang_major__ < 5
+#        error pybind11 requires Xcode/clang 5.0 or newer
+#    endif
+#elif defined(__GNUG__)
+#    if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 8)
+#        error pybind11 requires gcc 4.8 or newer
+#    endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    if _MSC_VER < 1910
+#        error pybind11 2.10+ requires MSVC 2017 or newer
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_EXPORT)
+#    if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)
+#        define PYBIND11_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_EXPORT_EXCEPTION)
+#    if defined(__apple_build_version__)
+#        define PYBIND11_EXPORT_EXCEPTION PYBIND11_EXPORT
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_EXPORT_EXCEPTION
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// For CUDA, GCC7, GCC8:
+// PYBIND11_NOINLINE_FORCED is incompatible with `-Wattributes -Werror`.
+// When defining PYBIND11_NOINLINE_FORCED, it is best to also use `-Wno-attributes`.
+// However, the measured shared-library size saving when using noinline are only
+// 1.7% for CUDA, -0.2% for GCC7, and 0.0% for GCC8 (using -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=MinSizeRel,
+// the default under pybind11/tests).
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_NOINLINE_FORCED)                                                            \
+    && (defined(__CUDACC__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ == 7 || __GNUC__ == 8)))
+#    define PYBIND11_NOINLINE_DISABLED
+#endif
+
+// The PYBIND11_NOINLINE macro is for function DEFINITIONS.
+// In contrast, FORWARD DECLARATIONS should never use this macro:
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9317473/forward-declaration-of-inline-functions
+#if defined(PYBIND11_NOINLINE_DISABLED) // Option for maximum portability and experimentation.
+#    define PYBIND11_NOINLINE inline
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline) inline
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline)) inline
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+// For unknown reasons all PYBIND11_DEPRECATED member trigger a warning when declared
+// whether it is used or not
+#    define PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(reason)
+#elif defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+#    define PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(reason) [[deprecated(reason)]]
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_DEPRECATED(reason) __attribute__((deprecated(reason)))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP17)
+#    define PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED [[maybe_unused]]
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#    define PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
+#endif
+
+/* Don't let Python.h #define (v)snprintf as macro because they are implemented
+   properly in Visual Studio since 2015. */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define HAVE_SNPRINTF 1
+#endif
+
+/// Include Python header, disable linking to pythonX_d.lib on Windows in debug mode
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4505)
+// C4505: 'PySlice_GetIndicesEx': unreferenced local function has been removed (PyPy only)
+#    if defined(_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_DEBUG)
+// Workaround for a VS 2022 issue.
+// NOTE: This workaround knowingly violates the Python.h include order requirement:
+// https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/intro.html#include-files
+// See https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3497 for full context.
+#        include <yvals.h>
+#        if _MSVC_STL_VERSION >= 143
+#            include <crtdefs.h>
+#        endif
+#        define PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#        undef _DEBUG
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/chrono/localtime
+#if defined(__STDC_LIB_EXT1__) && !defined(__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__)
+#    define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_include
+// std::optional (but including it in c++14 mode isn't allowed)
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_CPP17) && __has_include(<optional>)
+#        define PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL 1
+#    endif
+// std::experimental::optional (but not allowed in c++11 mode)
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14) && (__has_include(<experimental/optional>) && \
+                                 !__has_include(<optional>))
+#        define PYBIND11_HAS_EXP_OPTIONAL 1
+#    endif
+// std::variant
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_CPP17) && __has_include(<variant>)
+#        define PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT 1
+#    endif
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(PYBIND11_CPP17)
+#    define PYBIND11_HAS_OPTIONAL 1
+#    define PYBIND11_HAS_VARIANT 1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP17)
+#    if defined(__has_include)
+#        if __has_include(<string_view>)
+#            define PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+#        endif
+#    elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#        define PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03070000
+#    error "PYTHON < 3.7 IS UNSUPPORTED. pybind11 v2.12 was the last to support Python 3.6."
+#endif
+#include <frameobject.h>
+#include <pythread.h>
+
+/* Python #defines overrides on all sorts of core functions, which
+   tends to weak havok in C++ codebases that expect these to work
+   like regular functions (potentially with several overloads) */
+#if defined(isalnum)
+#    undef isalnum
+#    undef isalpha
+#    undef islower
+#    undef isspace
+#    undef isupper
+#    undef tolower
+#    undef toupper
+#endif
+
+#if defined(copysign)
+#    undef copysign
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_NUMPY_1_ONLY)
+#    define PYBIND11_INTERNAL_NUMPY_1_ONLY_DETECTED
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION) && !defined(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+#    define PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    if defined(PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER)
+#        define _DEBUG
+#        undef PYBIND11_DEBUG_MARKER
+#    endif
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+#endif
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <exception>
+#include <forward_list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+#if defined(__has_include)
+#    if __has_include(<version>)
+#        include <version>
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// Must be after including <version> or one of the other headers specified by the standard
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t) && __cpp_lib_char8_t >= 201811L
+#    define PYBIND11_HAS_U8STRING
+#endif
+
+// See description of PR #4246:
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_NO_ASSERT_GIL_HELD_INCREF_DECREF) && !defined(NDEBUG)                       \
+    && !defined(PYPY_VERSION) && !defined(PYBIND11_ASSERT_GIL_HELD_INCREF_DECREF)
+#    define PYBIND11_ASSERT_GIL_HELD_INCREF_DECREF
+#endif
+
+// #define PYBIND11_STR_LEGACY_PERMISSIVE
+// If DEFINED, pybind11::str can hold PyUnicodeObject or PyBytesObject
+//             (probably surprising and never documented, but this was the
+//             legacy behavior until and including v2.6.x). As a side-effect,
+//             pybind11::isinstance<str>() is true for both pybind11::str and
+//             pybind11::bytes.
+// If UNDEFINED, pybind11::str can only hold PyUnicodeObject, and
+//               pybind11::isinstance<str>() is true only for pybind11::str.
+//               However, for Python 2 only (!), the pybind11::str caster
+//               implicitly decoded bytes to PyUnicodeObject. This was to ease
+//               the transition from the legacy behavior to the non-permissive
+//               behavior.
+
+/// Compatibility macros for Python 2 / Python 3 versions TODO: remove
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_NEW(ptr, class_) PyInstanceMethod_New(ptr)
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_CHECK PyInstanceMethod_Check
+#define PYBIND11_INSTANCE_METHOD_GET_FUNCTION PyInstanceMethod_GET_FUNCTION
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_CHECK PyBytes_Check
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_FROM_STRING PyBytes_FromString
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_FROM_STRING_AND_SIZE PyBytes_FromStringAndSize
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING_AND_SIZE PyBytes_AsStringAndSize
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_AS_STRING PyBytes_AsString
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_SIZE PyBytes_Size
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_CHECK(o) PyLong_Check(o)
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_AS_LONGLONG(o) PyLong_AsLongLong(o)
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_FROM_SIGNED(o) PyLong_FromSsize_t((ssize_t) (o))
+#define PYBIND11_LONG_FROM_UNSIGNED(o) PyLong_FromSize_t((size_t) (o))
+#define PYBIND11_BYTES_NAME "bytes"
+#define PYBIND11_STRING_NAME "str"
+#define PYBIND11_SLICE_OBJECT PyObject
+#define PYBIND11_FROM_STRING PyUnicode_FromString
+#define PYBIND11_STR_TYPE ::pybind11::str
+#define PYBIND11_BOOL_ATTR "__bool__"
+#define PYBIND11_NB_BOOL(ptr) ((ptr)->nb_bool)
+#define PYBIND11_BUILTINS_MODULE "builtins"
+// Providing a separate declaration to make Clang's -Wmissing-prototypes happy.
+// See comment for PYBIND11_MODULE below for why this is marked "maybe unused".
+#define PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name)                                                                \
+    extern "C" PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED PYBIND11_EXPORT PyObject *PyInit_##name();                   \
+    extern "C" PYBIND11_EXPORT PyObject *PyInit_##name()
+
+#define PYBIND11_TRY_NEXT_OVERLOAD ((PyObject *) 1) // special failure return code
+#define PYBIND11_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+#define PYBIND11_TOSTRING(x) PYBIND11_STRINGIFY(x)
+#define PYBIND11_CONCAT(first, second) first##second
+#define PYBIND11_ENSURE_INTERNALS_READY pybind11::detail::get_internals();
+
+#define PYBIND11_CHECK_PYTHON_VERSION                                                             \
+    {                                                                                             \
+        const char *compiled_ver                                                                  \
+            = PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PY_MAJOR_VERSION) "." PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PY_MINOR_VERSION);        \
+        const char *runtime_ver = Py_GetVersion();                                                \
+        size_t len = std::strlen(compiled_ver);                                                   \
+        if (std::strncmp(runtime_ver, compiled_ver, len) != 0                                     \
+            || (runtime_ver[len] >= '0' && runtime_ver[len] <= '9')) {                            \
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError,                                                       \
+                         "Python version mismatch: module was compiled for Python %s, "           \
+                         "but the interpreter version is incompatible: %s.",                      \
+                         compiled_ver,                                                            \
+                         runtime_ver);                                                            \
+            return nullptr;                                                                       \
+        }                                                                                         \
+    }
+
+#define PYBIND11_CATCH_INIT_EXCEPTIONS                                                            \
+    catch (pybind11::error_already_set & e) {                                                     \
+        pybind11::raise_from(e, PyExc_ImportError, "initialization failed");                      \
+        return nullptr;                                                                           \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    catch (const std::exception &e) {                                                             \
+        ::pybind11::set_error(PyExc_ImportError, e.what());                                       \
+        return nullptr;                                                                           \
+    }
+
+/** \rst
+    ***Deprecated in favor of PYBIND11_MODULE***
+
+    This macro creates the entry point that will be invoked when the Python interpreter
+    imports a plugin library. Please create a `module_` in the function body and return
+    the pointer to its underlying Python object at the end.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_PLUGIN(example) {
+            pybind11::module_ m("example", "pybind11 example plugin");
+            /// Set up bindings here
+            return m.ptr();
+        }
+\endrst */
+#define PYBIND11_PLUGIN(name)                                                                     \
+    PYBIND11_DEPRECATED("PYBIND11_PLUGIN is deprecated, use PYBIND11_MODULE")                     \
+    static PyObject *pybind11_init();                                                             \
+    PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name) {                                                                  \
+        PYBIND11_CHECK_PYTHON_VERSION                                                             \
+        PYBIND11_ENSURE_INTERNALS_READY                                                           \
+        try {                                                                                     \
+            return pybind11_init();                                                               \
+        }                                                                                         \
+        PYBIND11_CATCH_INIT_EXCEPTIONS                                                            \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    PyObject *pybind11_init()
+
+/** \rst
+    This macro creates the entry point that will be invoked when the Python interpreter
+    imports an extension module. The module name is given as the first argument and it
+    should not be in quotes. The second macro argument defines a variable of type
+    `py::module_` which can be used to initialize the module.
+
+    The entry point is marked as "maybe unused" to aid dead-code detection analysis:
+    since the entry point is typically only looked up at runtime and not referenced
+    during translation, it would otherwise appear as unused ("dead") code.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m) {
+            m.doc() = "pybind11 example module";
+
+            // Add bindings here
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, World!";
+            });
+        }
+
+    The third macro argument is optional (available since 2.13.0), and can be used to
+    mark the extension module as safe to run without the GIL under a free-threaded CPython
+    interpreter. Passing this argument has no effect on other interpreters.
+
+    .. code-block:: cpp
+
+        PYBIND11_MODULE(example, m, py::mod_gil_not_used()) {
+            m.doc() = "pybind11 example module safe to run without the GIL";
+
+            // Add bindings here
+            m.def("foo", []() {
+                return "Hello, Free-threaded World!";
+            });
+        }
+
+\endrst */
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_CLANG("-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments")
+#define PYBIND11_MODULE(name, variable, ...)                                                      \
+    static ::pybind11::module_::module_def PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_module_def_, name)            \
+        PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED;                                                                    \
+    PYBIND11_MAYBE_UNUSED                                                                         \
+    static void PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_init_, name)(::pybind11::module_ &);                     \
+    PYBIND11_PLUGIN_IMPL(name) {                                                                  \
+        PYBIND11_CHECK_PYTHON_VERSION                                                             \
+        PYBIND11_ENSURE_INTERNALS_READY                                                           \
+        auto m = ::pybind11::module_::create_extension_module(                                    \
+            PYBIND11_TOSTRING(name),                                                              \
+            nullptr,                                                                              \
+            &PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_module_def_, name),                                         \
+            ##__VA_ARGS__);                                                                       \
+        try {                                                                                     \
+            PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_init_, name)(m);                                             \
+            return m.ptr();                                                                       \
+        }                                                                                         \
+        PYBIND11_CATCH_INIT_EXCEPTIONS                                                            \
+    }                                                                                             \
+    void PYBIND11_CONCAT(pybind11_init_, name)(::pybind11::module_ & (variable))
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using ssize_t = Py_ssize_t;
+using size_t = std::size_t;
+
+template <typename IntType>
+inline ssize_t ssize_t_cast(const IntType &val) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(IntType) <= sizeof(ssize_t), "Implicit narrowing is not permitted.");
+    return static_cast<ssize_t>(val);
+}
+
+/// Approach used to cast a previously unknown C++ instance into a Python object
+enum class return_value_policy : uint8_t {
+    /** This is the default return value policy, which falls back to the policy
+        return_value_policy::take_ownership when the return value is a pointer.
+        Otherwise, it uses return_value::move or return_value::copy for rvalue
+        and lvalue references, respectively. See below for a description of what
+        all of these different policies do. */
+    automatic = 0,
+
+    /** As above, but use policy return_value_policy::reference when the return
+        value is a pointer. This is the default conversion policy for function
+        arguments when calling Python functions manually from C++ code (i.e. via
+        handle::operator()). You probably won't need to use this. */
+    automatic_reference,
+
+    /** Reference an existing object (i.e. do not create a new copy) and take
+        ownership. Python will call the destructor and delete operator when the
+        object's reference count reaches zero. Undefined behavior ensues when
+        the C++ side does the same.. */
+    take_ownership,
+
+    /** Create a new copy of the returned object, which will be owned by
+        Python. This policy is comparably safe because the lifetimes of the two
+        instances are decoupled. */
+    copy,
+
+    /** Use std::move to move the return value contents into a new instance
+        that will be owned by Python. This policy is comparably safe because the
+        lifetimes of the two instances (move source and destination) are
+        decoupled. */
+    move,
+
+    /** Reference an existing object, but do not take ownership. The C++ side
+        is responsible for managing the object's lifetime and deallocating it
+        when it is no longer used. Warning: undefined behavior will ensue when
+        the C++ side deletes an object that is still referenced and used by
+        Python. */
+    reference,
+
+    /** This policy only applies to methods and properties. It references the
+        object without taking ownership similar to the above
+        return_value_policy::reference policy. In contrast to that policy, the
+        function or property's implicit this argument (called the parent) is
+        considered to be the owner of the return value (the child).
+        pybind11 then couples the lifetime of the parent to the child via a
+        reference relationship that ensures that the parent cannot be garbage
+        collected while Python is still using the child. More advanced
+        variations of this scheme are also possible using combinations of
+        return_value_policy::reference and the keep_alive call policy */
+    reference_internal
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+inline static constexpr int log2(size_t n, int k = 0) {
+    return (n <= 1) ? k : log2(n >> 1, k + 1);
+}
+
+// Returns the size as a multiple of sizeof(void *), rounded up.
+inline static constexpr size_t size_in_ptrs(size_t s) {
+    return 1 + ((s - 1) >> log2(sizeof(void *)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * The space to allocate for simple layout instance holders (see below) in multiple of the size of
+ * a pointer (e.g.  2 means 16 bytes on 64-bit architectures).  The default is the minimum required
+ * to holder either a std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr (which is almost always
+ * sizeof(std::shared_ptr<T>)).
+ */
+constexpr size_t instance_simple_holder_in_ptrs() {
+    static_assert(sizeof(std::shared_ptr<int>) >= sizeof(std::unique_ptr<int>),
+                  "pybind assumes std::shared_ptrs are at least as big as std::unique_ptrs");
+    return size_in_ptrs(sizeof(std::shared_ptr<int>));
+}
+
+// Forward declarations
+struct type_info;
+struct value_and_holder;
+
+struct nonsimple_values_and_holders {
+    void **values_and_holders;
+    uint8_t *status;
+};
+
+/// The 'instance' type which needs to be standard layout (need to be able to use 'offsetof')
+struct instance {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    /// Storage for pointers and holder; see simple_layout, below, for a description
+    union {
+        void *simple_value_holder[1 + instance_simple_holder_in_ptrs()];
+        nonsimple_values_and_holders nonsimple;
+    };
+    /// Weak references
+    PyObject *weakrefs;
+    /// If true, the pointer is owned which means we're free to manage it with a holder.
+    bool owned : 1;
+    /**
+     * An instance has two possible value/holder layouts.
+     *
+     * Simple layout (when this flag is true), means the `simple_value_holder` is set with a
+     * pointer and the holder object governing that pointer, i.e. [val1*][holder].  This layout is
+     * applied whenever there is no python-side multiple inheritance of bound C++ types *and* the
+     * type's holder will fit in the default space (which is large enough to hold either a
+     * std::unique_ptr or std::shared_ptr).
+     *
+     * Non-simple layout applies when using custom holders that require more space than
+     * `shared_ptr` (which is typically the size of two pointers), or when multiple inheritance is
+     * used on the python side.  Non-simple layout allocates the required amount of memory to have
+     * multiple bound C++ classes as parents.  Under this layout, `nonsimple.values_and_holders` is
+     * set to a pointer to allocated space of the required space to hold a sequence of value
+     * pointers and holders followed `status`, a set of bit flags (1 byte each), i.e.
+     * [val1*][holder1][val2*][holder2]...[bb...]  where each [block] is rounded up to a multiple
+     * of `sizeof(void *)`.  `nonsimple.status` is, for convenience, a pointer to the beginning of
+     * the [bb...] block (but not independently allocated).
+     *
+     * Status bits indicate whether the associated holder is constructed (&
+     * status_holder_constructed) and whether the value pointer is registered (&
+     * status_instance_registered) in `registered_instances`.
+     */
+    bool simple_layout : 1;
+    /// For simple layout, tracks whether the holder has been constructed
+    bool simple_holder_constructed : 1;
+    /// For simple layout, tracks whether the instance is registered in `registered_instances`
+    bool simple_instance_registered : 1;
+    /// If true, get_internals().patients has an entry for this object
+    bool has_patients : 1;
+
+    /// Initializes all of the above type/values/holders data (but not the instance values
+    /// themselves)
+    void allocate_layout();
+
+    /// Destroys/deallocates all of the above
+    void deallocate_layout();
+
+    /// Returns the value_and_holder wrapper for the given type (or the first, if `find_type`
+    /// omitted).  Returns a default-constructed (with `.inst = nullptr`) object on failure if
+    /// `throw_if_missing` is false.
+    value_and_holder get_value_and_holder(const type_info *find_type = nullptr,
+                                          bool throw_if_missing = true);
+
+    /// Bit values for the non-simple status flags
+    static constexpr uint8_t status_holder_constructed = 1;
+    static constexpr uint8_t status_instance_registered = 2;
+};
+
+static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<instance>::value,
+              "Internal error: `pybind11::detail::instance` is not standard layout!");
+
+/// from __cpp_future__ import (convenient aliases from C++14/17)
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+using std::conditional_t;
+using std::enable_if_t;
+using std::remove_cv_t;
+using std::remove_reference_t;
+#else
+template <bool B, typename T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+template <bool B, typename T, typename F>
+using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_cv_t = typename std::remove_cv<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP20)
+using std::remove_cvref;
+using std::remove_cvref_t;
+#else
+template <class T>
+struct remove_cvref {
+    using type = remove_cv_t<remove_reference_t<T>>;
+};
+template <class T>
+using remove_cvref_t = typename remove_cvref<T>::type;
+#endif
+
+/// Example usage: is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value
+template <typename T, typename U>
+using is_same_ignoring_cvref = std::is_same<detail::remove_cvref_t<T>, U>;
+
+/// Index sequences
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+using std::index_sequence;
+using std::make_index_sequence;
+#else
+template <size_t...>
+struct index_sequence {};
+template <size_t N, size_t... S>
+struct make_index_sequence_impl : make_index_sequence_impl<N - 1, N - 1, S...> {};
+template <size_t... S>
+struct make_index_sequence_impl<0, S...> {
+    using type = index_sequence<S...>;
+};
+template <size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = typename make_index_sequence_impl<N>::type;
+#endif
+
+/// Make an index sequence of the indices of true arguments
+template <typename ISeq, size_t, bool...>
+struct select_indices_impl {
+    using type = ISeq;
+};
+template <size_t... IPrev, size_t I, bool B, bool... Bs>
+struct select_indices_impl<index_sequence<IPrev...>, I, B, Bs...>
+    : select_indices_impl<conditional_t<B, index_sequence<IPrev..., I>, index_sequence<IPrev...>>,
+                          I + 1,
+                          Bs...> {};
+template <bool... Bs>
+using select_indices = typename select_indices_impl<index_sequence<>, 0, Bs...>::type;
+
+/// Backports of std::bool_constant and std::negation to accommodate older compilers
+template <bool B>
+using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+template <typename T>
+struct negation : bool_constant<!T::value> {};
+
+// PGI/Intel cannot detect operator delete with the "compatible" void_t impl, so
+// using the new one (C++14 defect, so generally works on newer compilers, even
+// if not in C++17 mode)
+#if defined(__PGIC__) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+template <typename...>
+using void_t = void;
+#else
+template <typename...>
+struct void_t_impl {
+    using type = void;
+};
+template <typename... Ts>
+using void_t = typename void_t_impl<Ts...>::type;
+#endif
+
+/// Compile-time all/any/none of that check the boolean value of all template types
+#if defined(__cpp_fold_expressions) && !(defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1916))
+template <class... Ts>
+using all_of = bool_constant<(Ts::value && ...)>;
+template <class... Ts>
+using any_of = bool_constant<(Ts::value || ...)>;
+#elif !defined(_MSC_VER)
+template <bool...>
+struct bools {};
+template <class... Ts>
+using all_of = std::is_same<bools<Ts::value..., true>, bools<true, Ts::value...>>;
+template <class... Ts>
+using any_of = negation<all_of<negation<Ts>...>>;
+#else
+// MSVC has trouble with the above, but supports std::conjunction, which we can use instead (albeit
+// at a slight loss of compilation efficiency).
+template <class... Ts>
+using all_of = std::conjunction<Ts...>;
+template <class... Ts>
+using any_of = std::disjunction<Ts...>;
+#endif
+template <class... Ts>
+using none_of = negation<any_of<Ts...>>;
+
+template <class T, template <class> class... Predicates>
+using satisfies_all_of = all_of<Predicates<T>...>;
+template <class T, template <class> class... Predicates>
+using satisfies_any_of = any_of<Predicates<T>...>;
+template <class T, template <class> class... Predicates>
+using satisfies_none_of = none_of<Predicates<T>...>;
+
+/// Strip the class from a method type
+template <typename T>
+struct remove_class {};
+template <typename C, typename R, typename... A>
+struct remove_class<R (C::*)(A...)> {
+    using type = R(A...);
+};
+template <typename C, typename R, typename... A>
+struct remove_class<R (C::*)(A...) const> {
+    using type = R(A...);
+};
+#ifdef __cpp_noexcept_function_type
+template <typename C, typename R, typename... A>
+struct remove_class<R (C::*)(A...) noexcept> {
+    using type = R(A...);
+};
+template <typename C, typename R, typename... A>
+struct remove_class<R (C::*)(A...) const noexcept> {
+    using type = R(A...);
+};
+#endif
+/// Helper template to strip away type modifiers
+template <typename T>
+struct intrinsic_type {
+    using type = T;
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct intrinsic_type<const T> {
+    using type = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct intrinsic_type<T *> {
+    using type = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct intrinsic_type<T &> {
+    using type = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct intrinsic_type<T &&> {
+    using type = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+};
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct intrinsic_type<const T[N]> {
+    using type = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+};
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct intrinsic_type<T[N]> {
+    using type = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+};
+template <typename T>
+using intrinsic_t = typename intrinsic_type<T>::type;
+
+/// Helper type to replace 'void' in some expressions
+struct void_type {};
+
+/// Helper template which holds a list of types
+template <typename...>
+struct type_list {};
+
+/// Compile-time integer sum
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+template <typename... Ts>
+constexpr size_t constexpr_sum(Ts... ns) {
+    return (0 + ... + size_t{ns});
+}
+#else
+constexpr size_t constexpr_sum() { return 0; }
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr size_t constexpr_sum(T n, Ts... ns) {
+    return size_t{n} + constexpr_sum(ns...);
+}
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(constexpr_impl)
+/// Implementation details for constexpr functions
+constexpr int first(int i) { return i; }
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int first(int i, T v, Ts... vs) {
+    return v ? i : first(i + 1, vs...);
+}
+
+constexpr int last(int /*i*/, int result) { return result; }
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int last(int i, int result, T v, Ts... vs) {
+    return last(i + 1, v ? i : result, vs...);
+}
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(constexpr_impl)
+
+/// Return the index of the first type in Ts which satisfies Predicate<T>.
+/// Returns sizeof...(Ts) if none match.
+template <template <typename> class Predicate, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int constexpr_first() {
+    return constexpr_impl::first(0, Predicate<Ts>::value...);
+}
+
+/// Return the index of the last type in Ts which satisfies Predicate<T>, or -1 if none match.
+template <template <typename> class Predicate, typename... Ts>
+constexpr int constexpr_last() {
+    return constexpr_impl::last(0, -1, Predicate<Ts>::value...);
+}
+
+/// Return the Nth element from the parameter pack
+template <size_t N, typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct pack_element {
+    using type = typename pack_element<N - 1, Ts...>::type;
+};
+template <typename T, typename... Ts>
+struct pack_element<0, T, Ts...> {
+    using type = T;
+};
+
+/// Return the one and only type which matches the predicate, or Default if none match.
+/// If more than one type matches the predicate, fail at compile-time.
+template <template <typename> class Predicate, typename Default, typename... Ts>
+struct exactly_one {
+    static constexpr auto found = constexpr_sum(Predicate<Ts>::value...);
+    static_assert(found <= 1, "Found more than one type matching the predicate");
+
+    static constexpr auto index = found ? constexpr_first<Predicate, Ts...>() : 0;
+    using type = conditional_t<found, typename pack_element<index, Ts...>::type, Default>;
+};
+template <template <typename> class P, typename Default>
+struct exactly_one<P, Default> {
+    using type = Default;
+};
+
+template <template <typename> class Predicate, typename Default, typename... Ts>
+using exactly_one_t = typename exactly_one<Predicate, Default, Ts...>::type;
+
+/// Defer the evaluation of type T until types Us are instantiated
+template <typename T, typename... /*Us*/>
+struct deferred_type {
+    using type = T;
+};
+template <typename T, typename... Us>
+using deferred_t = typename deferred_type<T, Us...>::type;
+
+/// Like is_base_of, but requires a strict base (i.e. `is_strict_base_of<T, T>::value == false`,
+/// unlike `std::is_base_of`)
+template <typename Base, typename Derived>
+using is_strict_base_of
+    = bool_constant<std::is_base_of<Base, Derived>::value && !std::is_same<Base, Derived>::value>;
+
+/// Like is_base_of, but also requires that the base type is accessible (i.e. that a Derived
+/// pointer can be converted to a Base pointer) For unions, `is_base_of<T, T>::value` is False, so
+/// we need to check `is_same` as well.
+template <typename Base, typename Derived>
+using is_accessible_base_of
+    = bool_constant<(std::is_same<Base, Derived>::value || std::is_base_of<Base, Derived>::value)
+                    && std::is_convertible<Derived *, Base *>::value>;
+
+template <template <typename...> class Base>
+struct is_template_base_of_impl {
+    template <typename... Us>
+    static std::true_type check(Base<Us...> *);
+    static std::false_type check(...);
+};
+
+/// Check if a template is the base of a type. For example:
+/// `is_template_base_of<Base, T>` is true if `struct T : Base<U> {}` where U can be anything
+template <template <typename...> class Base, typename T>
+// Sadly, all MSVC versions incl. 2022 need the workaround, even in C++20 mode.
+// See also: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3741
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+using is_template_base_of
+    = decltype(is_template_base_of_impl<Base>::check((intrinsic_t<T> *) nullptr));
+#else
+struct is_template_base_of
+    : decltype(is_template_base_of_impl<Base>::check((intrinsic_t<T> *) nullptr)){};
+#endif
+
+/// Check if T is an instantiation of the template `Class`. For example:
+/// `is_instantiation<shared_ptr, T>` is true if `T == shared_ptr<U>` where U can be anything.
+template <template <typename...> class Class, typename T>
+struct is_instantiation : std::false_type {};
+template <template <typename...> class Class, typename... Us>
+struct is_instantiation<Class, Class<Us...>> : std::true_type {};
+
+/// Check if T is std::shared_ptr<U> where U can be anything
+template <typename T>
+using is_shared_ptr = is_instantiation<std::shared_ptr, T>;
+
+/// Check if T looks like an input iterator
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct is_input_iterator : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_input_iterator<T,
+                         void_t<decltype(*std::declval<T &>()), decltype(++std::declval<T &>())>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_function_pointer
+    = bool_constant<std::is_pointer<T>::value
+                    && std::is_function<typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type>::value>;
+
+template <typename F>
+struct strip_function_object {
+    // If you are encountering an
+    // 'error: name followed by "::" must be a class or namespace name'
+    // with the Intel compiler and a noexcept function here,
+    // try to use noexcept(true) instead of plain noexcept.
+    using type = typename remove_class<decltype(&F::operator())>::type;
+};
+
+// Extracts the function signature from a function, function pointer or lambda.
+template <typename Function, typename F = remove_reference_t<Function>>
+using function_signature_t = conditional_t<
+    std::is_function<F>::value,
+    F,
+    typename conditional_t<std::is_pointer<F>::value || std::is_member_pointer<F>::value,
+                           std::remove_pointer<F>,
+                           strip_function_object<F>>::type>;
+
+/// Returns true if the type looks like a lambda: that is, isn't a function, pointer or member
+/// pointer.  Note that this can catch all sorts of other things, too; this is intended to be used
+/// in a place where passing a lambda makes sense.
+template <typename T>
+using is_lambda = satisfies_none_of<remove_reference_t<T>,
+                                    std::is_function,
+                                    std::is_pointer,
+                                    std::is_member_pointer>;
+
+// [workaround(intel)] Internal error on fold expression
+/// Apply a function over each element of a parameter pack
+#if defined(__cpp_fold_expressions) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+// Intel compiler produces an internal error on this fold expression (tested with ICC 19.0.2)
+#    define PYBIND11_EXPAND_SIDE_EFFECTS(PATTERN) (((PATTERN), void()), ...)
+#else
+using expand_side_effects = bool[];
+#    define PYBIND11_EXPAND_SIDE_EFFECTS(PATTERN)                                                 \
+        (void) pybind11::detail::expand_side_effects { ((PATTERN), void(), false)..., false }
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// C++ bindings of builtin Python exceptions
+class PYBIND11_EXPORT_EXCEPTION builtin_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+public:
+    using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+    /// Set the error using the Python C API
+    virtual void set_error() const = 0;
+};
+
+#define PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(name, type)                                                    \
+    class PYBIND11_EXPORT_EXCEPTION name : public builtin_exception {                             \
+    public:                                                                                       \
+        using builtin_exception::builtin_exception;                                               \
+        name() : name("") {}                                                                      \
+        void set_error() const override { PyErr_SetString(type, what()); }                        \
+    };
+
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(stop_iteration, PyExc_StopIteration)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(index_error, PyExc_IndexError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(key_error, PyExc_KeyError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(value_error, PyExc_ValueError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(type_error, PyExc_TypeError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(buffer_error, PyExc_BufferError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(import_error, PyExc_ImportError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(attribute_error, PyExc_AttributeError)
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(cast_error, PyExc_RuntimeError) /// Thrown when pybind11::cast or
+                                                           /// handle::call fail due to a type
+                                                           /// casting error
+PYBIND11_RUNTIME_EXCEPTION(reference_cast_error, PyExc_RuntimeError) /// Used internally
+
+[[noreturn]] PYBIND11_NOINLINE void pybind11_fail(const char *reason) {
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    throw std::runtime_error(reason);
+}
+[[noreturn]] PYBIND11_NOINLINE void pybind11_fail(const std::string &reason) {
+    assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
+    throw std::runtime_error(reason);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct format_descriptor {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct format_descriptor<
+    T,
+    detail::enable_if_t<detail::is_same_ignoring_cvref<T, PyObject *>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = 'O';
+    static constexpr const char value[2] = {c, '\0'};
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(1, c); }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+// Returns the index of the given type in the type char array below, and in the list in numpy.h
+// The order here is: bool; 8 ints ((signed,unsigned)x(8,16,32,64)bits); float,double,long double;
+// complex float,double,long double.  Note that the long double types only participate when long
+// double is actually longer than double (it isn't under MSVC).
+// NB: not only the string below but also complex.h and numpy.h rely on this order.
+template <typename T, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct is_fmt_numeric {
+    static constexpr bool value = false;
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_fmt_numeric<T, enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr bool value = true;
+    static constexpr int index
+        = std::is_same<T, bool>::value
+              ? 0
+              : 1
+                    + (std::is_integral<T>::value
+                           ? detail::log2(sizeof(T)) * 2 + std::is_unsigned<T>::value
+                           : 8
+                                 + (std::is_same<T, double>::value        ? 1
+                                    : std::is_same<T, long double>::value ? 2
+                                                                          : 0));
+};
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+template <typename T>
+struct format_descriptor<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>> {
+    static constexpr const char c = "?bBhHiIqQfdg"[detail::is_fmt_numeric<T>::index];
+    static constexpr const char value[2] = {c, '\0'};
+    static std::string format() { return std::string(1, c); }
+};
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_CPP17)
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr const char
+    format_descriptor<T, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>>::value[2];
+
+#endif
+
+/// RAII wrapper that temporarily clears any Python error state
+struct error_scope {
+    PyObject *type, *value, *trace;
+    error_scope() { PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &trace); }
+    error_scope(const error_scope &) = delete;
+    error_scope &operator=(const error_scope &) = delete;
+    ~error_scope() { PyErr_Restore(type, value, trace); }
+};
+
+/// Dummy destructor wrapper that can be used to expose classes with a private destructor
+struct nodelete {
+    template <typename T>
+    void operator()(T *) {}
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+template <typename... Args>
+struct overload_cast_impl {
+    template <typename Return>
+    constexpr auto operator()(Return (*pf)(Args...)) const noexcept -> decltype(pf) {
+        return pf;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Class>
+    constexpr auto operator()(Return (Class::*pmf)(Args...),
+                              std::false_type = {}) const noexcept -> decltype(pmf) {
+        return pmf;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Return, typename Class>
+    constexpr auto operator()(Return (Class::*pmf)(Args...) const,
+                              std::true_type) const noexcept -> decltype(pmf) {
+        return pmf;
+    }
+};
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// overload_cast requires variable templates: C++14
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+#    define PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_CAST 1
+/// Syntax sugar for resolving overloaded function pointers:
+///  - regular: static_cast<Return (Class::*)(Arg0, Arg1, Arg2)>(&Class::func)
+///  - sweet:   overload_cast<Arg0, Arg1, Arg2>(&Class::func)
+template <typename... Args>
+static constexpr detail::overload_cast_impl<Args...> overload_cast{};
+#endif
+
+/// Const member function selector for overload_cast
+///  - regular: static_cast<Return (Class::*)(Arg) const>(&Class::func)
+///  - sweet:   overload_cast<Arg>(&Class::func, const_)
+static constexpr auto const_ = std::true_type{};
+
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_CPP14) // no overload_cast: providing something that static_assert-fails:
+template <typename... Args>
+struct overload_cast {
+    static_assert(detail::deferred_t<std::false_type, Args...>::value,
+                  "pybind11::overload_cast<...> requires compiling in C++14 mode");
+};
+#endif // overload_cast
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Adaptor for converting arbitrary container arguments into a vector; implicitly convertible from
+// any standard container (or C-style array) supporting std::begin/std::end, any singleton
+// arithmetic type (if T is arithmetic), or explicitly constructible from an iterator pair.
+template <typename T>
+class any_container {
+    std::vector<T> v;
+
+public:
+    any_container() = default;
+
+    // Can construct from a pair of iterators
+    template <typename It, typename = enable_if_t<is_input_iterator<It>::value>>
+    any_container(It first, It last) : v(first, last) {}
+
+    // Implicit conversion constructor from any arbitrary container type
+    // with values convertible to T
+    template <typename Container,
+              typename = enable_if_t<
+                  std::is_convertible<decltype(*std::begin(std::declval<const Container &>())),
+                                      T>::value>>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    any_container(const Container &c) : any_container(std::begin(c), std::end(c)) {}
+
+    // initializer_list's aren't deducible, so don't get matched by the above template;
+    // we need this to explicitly allow implicit conversion from one:
+    template <typename TIn, typename = enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<TIn, T>::value>>
+    any_container(const std::initializer_list<TIn> &c) : any_container(c.begin(), c.end()) {}
+
+    // Avoid copying if given an rvalue vector of the correct type.
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    any_container(std::vector<T> &&v) : v(std::move(v)) {}
+
+    // Moves the vector out of an rvalue any_container
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator std::vector<T> &&() && { return std::move(v); }
+
+    // Dereferencing obtains a reference to the underlying vector
+    std::vector<T> &operator*() { return v; }
+    const std::vector<T> &operator*() const { return v; }
+
+    // -> lets you call methods on the underlying vector
+    std::vector<T> *operator->() { return &v; }
+    const std::vector<T> *operator->() const { return &v; }
+};
+
+// Forward-declaration; see detail/class.h
+std::string get_fully_qualified_tp_name(PyTypeObject *);
+
+template <typename T>
+inline static std::shared_ptr<T>
+try_get_shared_from_this(std::enable_shared_from_this<T> *holder_value_ptr) {
+// Pre C++17, this code path exploits undefined behavior, but is known to work on many platforms.
+// Use at your own risk!
+// See also https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/enable_shared_from_this, and in particular
+// the `std::shared_ptr<Good> gp1 = not_so_good.getptr();` and `try`-`catch` parts of the example.
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_enable_shared_from_this) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1912)
+    return holder_value_ptr->weak_from_this().lock();
+#else
+    try {
+        return holder_value_ptr->shared_from_this();
+    } catch (const std::bad_weak_ptr &) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+// For silencing "unused" compiler warnings in special situations.
+template <typename... Args>
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1920 // MSVC 2017
+constexpr
+#endif
+    inline void
+    silence_unused_warnings(Args &&...) {
+}
+
+// MSVC warning C4100: Unreferenced formal parameter
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1916
+#    define PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(...)                                         \
+        detail::silence_unused_warnings(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(...)
+#endif
+
+// GCC -Wunused-but-set-parameter  All GCC versions (as of July 2021).
+#if defined(__GNUG__) && !defined(__clang__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(...)                       \
+        detail::silence_unused_warnings(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_GCC_UNUSED_BUT_SET_PARAMETER(...)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)                                                                            \
+    && (defined(__apple_build_version__) /* AppleClang 13.0.0.13000029 was the only data point    \
+                                            available. */                                         \
+        || (__clang_major__ >= 7                                                                  \
+            && __clang_major__ <= 12) /* Clang 3, 5, 13, 14, 15 do not generate the warning. */   \
+    )
+#    define PYBIND11_DETECTED_CLANG_WITH_MISLEADING_CALL_STD_MOVE_EXPLICITLY_WARNING
+// Example:
+// tests/test_kwargs_and_defaults.cpp:46:68: error: local variable 'args' will be copied despite
+// being returned by name [-Werror,-Wreturn-std-move]
+//     m.def("args_function", [](py::args args) -> py::tuple { return args; });
+//                                                                    ^~~~
+// test_kwargs_and_defaults.cpp:46:68: note: call 'std::move' explicitly to avoid copying
+//     m.def("args_function", [](py::args args) -> py::tuple { return args; });
+//                                                                    ^~~~
+//                                                                    std::move(args)
+#endif
+
+// Pybind offers detailed error messages by default for all builts that are debug (through the
+// negation of NDEBUG). This can also be manually enabled by users, for any builds, through
+// defining PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES. This information is primarily useful for those
+// who are writing (as opposed to merely using) libraries that use pybind11.
+#if !defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES) && !defined(NDEBUG)
+#    define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES
+#endif
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/cpp_conduit.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2024 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Forward declaration needed here: Refactoring opportunity.
+extern "C" inline PyObject *pybind11_object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
+inline bool type_is_managed_by_our_internals(PyTypeObject *type_obj) {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    return bool(internals.registered_types_py.find(type_obj)
+                != internals.registered_types_py.end());
+#else
+    return bool(type_obj->tp_new == pybind11_object_new);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool is_instance_method_of_type(PyTypeObject *type_obj, PyObject *attr_name) {
+    PyObject *descr = _PyType_Lookup(type_obj, attr_name);
+    return bool((descr != nullptr) && PyInstanceMethod_Check(descr));
+}
+
+inline object try_get_cpp_conduit_method(PyObject *obj) {
+    if (PyType_Check(obj)) {
+        return object();
+    }
+    PyTypeObject *type_obj = Py_TYPE(obj);
+    str attr_name("_pybind11_conduit_v1_");
+    bool assumed_to_be_callable = false;
+    if (type_is_managed_by_our_internals(type_obj)) {
+        if (!is_instance_method_of_type(type_obj, attr_name.ptr())) {
+            return object();
+        }
+        assumed_to_be_callable = true;
+    }
+    PyObject *method = PyObject_GetAttr(obj, attr_name.ptr());
+    if (method == nullptr) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return object();
+    }
+    if (!assumed_to_be_callable && PyCallable_Check(method) == 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(method);
+        return object();
+    }
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(method);
+}
+
+inline void *try_raw_pointer_ephemeral_from_cpp_conduit(handle src,
+                                                        const std::type_info *cpp_type_info) {
+    object method = try_get_cpp_conduit_method(src.ptr());
+    if (method) {
+        capsule cpp_type_info_capsule(const_cast<void *>(static_cast<const void *>(cpp_type_info)),
+                                      typeid(std::type_info).name());
+        object cpp_conduit = method(bytes(PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID),
+                                    cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                    bytes("raw_pointer_ephemeral"));
+        if (isinstance<capsule>(cpp_conduit)) {
+            return reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(cpp_conduit).get_pointer();
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#define PYBIND11_HAS_CPP_CONDUIT 1
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/descr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/descr.h: Helper type for concatenating type signatures at compile time
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR static constexpr
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_DESCR_CONSTEXPR const
+#endif
+
+/* Concatenate type signatures at compile time */
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+struct descr {
+    char text[N + 1]{'\0'};
+
+    constexpr descr() = default;
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    constexpr descr(char const (&s)[N + 1]) : descr(s, make_index_sequence<N>()) {}
+
+    template <size_t... Is>
+    constexpr descr(char const (&s)[N + 1], index_sequence<Is...>) : text{s[Is]..., '\0'} {}
+
+    template <typename... Chars>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    constexpr descr(char c, Chars... cs) : text{c, static_cast<char>(cs)..., '\0'} {}
+
+    static constexpr std::array<const std::type_info *, sizeof...(Ts) + 1> types() {
+        return {{&typeid(Ts)..., nullptr}};
+    }
+};
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2, size_t... Is1, size_t... Is2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2, Ts1..., Ts2...> plus_impl(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                   const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b,
+                                                   index_sequence<Is1...>,
+                                                   index_sequence<Is2...>) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(b);
+    return {a.text[Is1]..., b.text[Is2]...};
+}
+
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator+(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                   const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return plus_impl(a, b, make_index_sequence<N1>(), make_index_sequence<N2>());
+}
+
+template <size_t N>
+constexpr descr<N - 1> const_name(char const (&text)[N]) {
+    return descr<N - 1>(text);
+}
+constexpr descr<0> const_name(char const (&)[1]) { return {}; }
+
+template <size_t Rem, size_t... Digits>
+struct int_to_str : int_to_str<Rem / 10, Rem % 10, Digits...> {};
+template <size_t... Digits>
+struct int_to_str<0, Digits...> {
+    // WARNING: This only works with C++17 or higher.
+    static constexpr auto digits = descr<sizeof...(Digits)>(('0' + Digits)...);
+};
+
+// Ternary description (like std::conditional)
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 - 1>> const_name(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&)[N2]) {
+    return const_name(text1);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N2 - 1>> const_name(char const (&)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name(text2);
+}
+
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, T1> const_name(const T1 &d, const T2 &) {
+    return d;
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, T2> const_name(const T1 &, const T2 &d) {
+    return d;
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+auto constexpr const_name() -> remove_cv_t<decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits)> {
+    return int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits;
+}
+
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr descr<1, Type> const_name() {
+    return {'%'};
+}
+
+// If "_" is defined as a macro, py::detail::_ cannot be provided.
+// It is therefore best to use py::detail::const_name universally.
+// This block is for backward compatibility only.
+// (The const_name code is repeated to avoid introducing a "_" #define ourselves.)
+#ifndef _
+#    define PYBIND11_DETAIL_UNDERSCORE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
+template <size_t N>
+constexpr descr<N - 1> _(char const (&text)[N]) {
+    return const_name<N>(text);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, descr<N1 - 1>> _(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name<B, N1, N2>(text1, text2);
+}
+template <bool B, size_t N1, size_t N2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, descr<N2 - 1>> _(char const (&text1)[N1], char const (&text2)[N2]) {
+    return const_name<B, N1, N2>(text1, text2);
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<B, T1> _(const T1 &d1, const T2 &d2) {
+    return const_name<B, T1, T2>(d1, d2);
+}
+template <bool B, typename T1, typename T2>
+constexpr enable_if_t<!B, T2> _(const T1 &d1, const T2 &d2) {
+    return const_name<B, T1, T2>(d1, d2);
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+auto constexpr _() -> remove_cv_t<decltype(int_to_str<Size / 10, Size % 10>::digits)> {
+    return const_name<Size>();
+}
+template <typename Type>
+constexpr descr<1, Type> _() {
+    return const_name<Type>();
+}
+#endif // #ifndef _
+
+constexpr descr<0> concat() { return {}; }
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N, Ts...> concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return descr;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cpp_fold_expressions
+template <size_t N1, size_t N2, typename... Ts1, typename... Ts2>
+constexpr descr<N1 + N2 + 2, Ts1..., Ts2...> operator,(const descr<N1, Ts1...> &a,
+                                                       const descr<N2, Ts2...> &b) {
+    return a + const_name(", ") + b;
+}
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d, const Args &...args) {
+    return (d, ..., args);
+}
+#else
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto concat(const descr<N, Ts...> &d,
+                      const Args &...args) -> decltype(std::declval<descr<N + 2, Ts...>>()
+                                                       + concat(args...)) {
+    return d + const_name(", ") + concat(args...);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <size_t N, typename... Ts>
+constexpr descr<N + 2, Ts...> type_descr(const descr<N, Ts...> &descr) {
+    return const_name("{") + descr + const_name("}");
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/exception_translation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/exception_translation.h: means to translate C++ exceptions to Python exceptions
+
+    Copyright (c) 2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+// Apply all the extensions translators from a list
+// Return true if one of the translators completed without raising an exception
+// itself. Return of false indicates that if there are other translators
+// available, they should be tried.
+inline bool apply_exception_translators(std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> &translators) {
+    auto last_exception = std::current_exception();
+
+    for (auto &translator : translators) {
+        try {
+            translator(last_exception);
+            return true;
+        } catch (...) {
+            last_exception = std::current_exception();
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void try_translate_exceptions() {
+    /* When an exception is caught, give each registered exception
+        translator a chance to translate it to a Python exception. First
+        all module-local translators will be tried in reverse order of
+        registration. If none of the module-locale translators handle
+        the exception (or there are no module-locale translators) then
+        the global translators will be tried, also in reverse order of
+        registration.
+
+        A translator may choose to do one of the following:
+
+        - catch the exception and call py::set_error()
+            to set a standard (or custom) Python exception, or
+        - do nothing and let the exception fall through to the next translator, or
+        - delegate translation to the next translator by throwing a new type of exception.
+        */
+
+    bool handled = with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        auto &local_exception_translators = get_local_internals().registered_exception_translators;
+        if (detail::apply_exception_translators(local_exception_translators)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        auto &exception_translators = internals.registered_exception_translators;
+        if (detail::apply_exception_translators(exception_translators)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+
+    if (!handled) {
+        set_error(PyExc_SystemError, "Exception escaped from default exception translator!");
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/init.h

@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/init.h: init factory function implementation and support code.
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Jason Rhinelander <jason@imaginary.ca>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "class.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+template <>
+class type_caster<value_and_holder> {
+public:
+    bool load(handle h, bool) {
+        value = reinterpret_cast<value_and_holder *>(h.ptr());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = value_and_holder &;
+    explicit operator value_and_holder &() { return *value; }
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<value_and_holder>();
+
+private:
+    value_and_holder *value = nullptr;
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(initimpl)
+
+inline void no_nullptr(void *ptr) {
+    if (!ptr) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): factory function returned nullptr");
+    }
+}
+
+// Implementing functions for all forms of py::init<...> and py::init(...)
+template <typename Class>
+using Cpp = typename Class::type;
+template <typename Class>
+using Alias = typename Class::type_alias;
+template <typename Class>
+using Holder = typename Class::holder_type;
+
+template <typename Class>
+using is_alias_constructible = std::is_constructible<Alias<Class>, Cpp<Class> &&>;
+
+// Takes a Cpp pointer and returns true if it actually is a polymorphic Alias instance.
+template <typename Class, enable_if_t<Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+bool is_alias(Cpp<Class> *ptr) {
+    return dynamic_cast<Alias<Class> *>(ptr) != nullptr;
+}
+// Failing fallback version of the above for a no-alias class (always returns false)
+template <typename /*Class*/>
+constexpr bool is_alias(void *) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Constructs and returns a new object; if the given arguments don't map to a constructor, we fall
+// back to brace aggregate initialization so that for aggregate initialization can be used with
+// py::init, e.g.  `py::init<int, int>` to initialize a `struct T { int a; int b; }`.  For
+// non-aggregate types, we need to use an ordinary T(...) constructor (invoking as `T{...}` usually
+// works, but will not do the expected thing when `T` has an `initializer_list<T>` constructor).
+template <typename Class,
+          typename... Args,
+          detail::enable_if_t<std::is_constructible<Class, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+inline Class *construct_or_initialize(Args &&...args) {
+    return new Class(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+template <typename Class,
+          typename... Args,
+          detail::enable_if_t<!std::is_constructible<Class, Args...>::value, int> = 0>
+inline Class *construct_or_initialize(Args &&...args) {
+    return new Class{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+}
+
+// Attempts to constructs an alias using a `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor.  This allows types with
+// an alias to provide only a single Cpp factory function as long as the Alias can be
+// constructed from an rvalue reference of the base Cpp type.  This means that Alias classes
+// can, when appropriate, simply define a `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor rather than needing to
+// inherit all the base class constructors.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct_alias_from_cpp(std::true_type /*is_alias_constructible*/,
+                              value_and_holder &v_h,
+                              Cpp<Class> &&base) {
+    v_h.value_ptr() = new Alias<Class>(std::move(base));
+}
+template <typename Class>
+[[noreturn]] void construct_alias_from_cpp(std::false_type /*!is_alias_constructible*/,
+                                           value_and_holder &,
+                                           Cpp<Class> &&) {
+    throw type_error("pybind11::init(): unable to convert returned instance to required "
+                     "alias class: no `Alias<Class>(Class &&)` constructor available");
+}
+
+// Error-generating fallback for factories that don't match one of the below construction
+// mechanisms.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(...) {
+    static_assert(!std::is_same<Class, Class>::value /* always false */,
+                  "pybind11::init(): init function must return a compatible pointer, "
+                  "holder, or value");
+}
+
+// Pointer return v1: the factory function returns a class pointer for a registered class.
+// If we don't need an alias (because this class doesn't have one, or because the final type is
+// inherited on the Python side) we can simply take over ownership.  Otherwise we need to try to
+// construct an Alias from the returned base instance.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Cpp<Class> *ptr, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        // We're going to try to construct an alias by moving the cpp type.  Whether or not
+        // that succeeds, we still need to destroy the original cpp pointer (either the
+        // moved away leftover, if the alias construction works, or the value itself if we
+        // throw an error), but we can't just call `delete ptr`: it might have a special
+        // deleter, or might be shared_from_this.  So we construct a holder around it as if
+        // it was a normal instance, then steal the holder away into a local variable; thus
+        // the holder and destruction happens when we leave the C++ scope, and the holder
+        // class gets to handle the destruction however it likes.
+        v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+        v_h.set_instance_registered(true); // Trick to prevent init_instance from registering it
+        // DANGER ZONE BEGIN: exceptions will leave v_h in an invalid state.
+        v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, nullptr);                        // Set up the holder
+        Holder<Class> temp_holder(std::move(v_h.holder<Holder<Class>>())); // Steal the holder
+        v_h.type->dealloc(v_h); // Destroys the moved-out holder remains, resets value ptr to null
+        v_h.set_instance_registered(false);
+        // DANGER ZONE END.
+
+        construct_alias_from_cpp<Class>(is_alias_constructible<Class>{}, v_h, std::move(*ptr));
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise the type isn't inherited, so we don't need an Alias
+        v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Pointer return v2: a factory that always returns an alias instance ptr.  We simply take over
+// ownership of the pointer.
+template <typename Class, enable_if_t<Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Alias<Class> *alias_ptr, bool) {
+    no_nullptr(alias_ptr);
+    v_h.value_ptr() = static_cast<Cpp<Class> *>(alias_ptr);
+}
+
+// Holder return: copy its pointer, and move or copy the returned holder into the new instance's
+// holder.  This also handles types like std::shared_ptr<T> and std::unique_ptr<T> where T is a
+// derived type (through those holder's implicit conversion from derived class holder
+// constructors).
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Holder<Class> holder, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    auto *ptr = holder_helper<Holder<Class>>::get(holder);
+    no_nullptr(ptr);
+    // If we need an alias, check that the held pointer is actually an alias instance
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias && !is_alias<Class>(ptr)) {
+        throw type_error("pybind11::init(): construction failed: returned holder-wrapped instance "
+                         "is not an alias instance");
+    }
+
+    v_h.value_ptr() = ptr;
+    v_h.type->init_instance(v_h.inst, &holder);
+}
+
+// return-by-value version 1: returning a cpp class by value.  If the class has an alias and an
+// alias is required the alias must have an `Alias(Cpp &&)` constructor so that we can construct
+// the alias from the base when needed (i.e. because of Python-side inheritance).  When we don't
+// need it, we simply move-construct the cpp value into a new instance.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Cpp<Class> &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    PYBIND11_WORKAROUND_INCORRECT_MSVC_C4100(need_alias);
+    static_assert(is_move_constructible<Cpp<Class>>::value,
+                  "pybind11::init() return-by-value factory function requires a movable class");
+    if (Class::has_alias && need_alias) {
+        construct_alias_from_cpp<Class>(is_alias_constructible<Class>{}, v_h, std::move(result));
+    } else {
+        v_h.value_ptr() = new Cpp<Class>(std::move(result));
+    }
+}
+
+// return-by-value version 2: returning a value of the alias type itself.  We move-construct an
+// Alias instance (even if no the python-side inheritance is involved).  The is intended for
+// cases where Alias initialization is always desired.
+template <typename Class>
+void construct(value_and_holder &v_h, Alias<Class> &&result, bool) {
+    static_assert(
+        is_move_constructible<Alias<Class>>::value,
+        "pybind11::init() return-by-alias-value factory function requires a movable alias class");
+    v_h.value_ptr() = new Alias<Class>(std::move(result));
+}
+
+// Implementing class for py::init<...>()
+template <typename... Args>
+struct constructor {
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra, enable_if_t<!Class::has_alias, int> = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr() = construct_or_initialize<Cpp<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && std::is_constructible<Cpp<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                if (Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) == v_h.type->type) {
+                    v_h.value_ptr()
+                        = construct_or_initialize<Cpp<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                } else {
+                    v_h.value_ptr()
+                        = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+                }
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && !std::is_constructible<Cpp<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr()
+                    = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Implementing class for py::init_alias<...>()
+template <typename... Args>
+struct alias_constructor {
+    template <
+        typename Class,
+        typename... Extra,
+        enable_if_t<Class::has_alias && std::is_constructible<Alias<Class>, Args...>::value, int>
+        = 0>
+    static void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) {
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [](value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                v_h.value_ptr()
+                    = construct_or_initialize<Alias<Class>>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Implementation class for py::init(Func) and py::init(Func, AliasFunc)
+template <typename CFunc,
+          typename AFunc = void_type (*)(),
+          typename = function_signature_t<CFunc>,
+          typename = function_signature_t<AFunc>>
+struct factory;
+
+// Specialization for py::init(Func)
+template <typename Func, typename Return, typename... Args>
+struct factory<Func, void_type (*)(), Return(Args...)> {
+    remove_reference_t<Func> class_factory;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    factory(Func &&f) : class_factory(std::forward<Func>(f)) {}
+
+    // The given class either has no alias or has no separate alias factory;
+    // this always constructs the class itself.  If the class is registered with an alias
+    // type and an alias instance is needed (i.e. because the final type is a Python class
+    // inheriting from the C++ type) the returned value needs to either already be an alias
+    // instance, or the alias needs to be constructible from a `Class &&` argument.
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [func = std::move(class_factory)]
+#else
+        auto &func = class_factory;
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, Args... args) {
+                construct<Class>(
+                    v_h, func(std::forward<Args>(args)...), Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+// Specialization for py::init(Func, AliasFunc)
+template <typename CFunc,
+          typename AFunc,
+          typename CReturn,
+          typename... CArgs,
+          typename AReturn,
+          typename... AArgs>
+struct factory<CFunc, AFunc, CReturn(CArgs...), AReturn(AArgs...)> {
+    static_assert(sizeof...(CArgs) == sizeof...(AArgs),
+                  "pybind11::init(class_factory, alias_factory): class and alias factories "
+                  "must have identical argument signatures");
+    static_assert(all_of<std::is_same<CArgs, AArgs>...>::value,
+                  "pybind11::init(class_factory, alias_factory): class and alias factories "
+                  "must have identical argument signatures");
+
+    remove_reference_t<CFunc> class_factory;
+    remove_reference_t<AFunc> alias_factory;
+
+    factory(CFunc &&c, AFunc &&a)
+        : class_factory(std::forward<CFunc>(c)), alias_factory(std::forward<AFunc>(a)) {}
+
+    // The class factory is called when the `self` type passed to `__init__` is the direct
+    // class (i.e. not inherited), the alias factory when `self` is a Python-side subtype.
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+        static_assert(Class::has_alias,
+                      "The two-argument version of `py::init()` can "
+                      "only be used if the class has an alias");
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [class_func = std::move(class_factory), alias_func = std::move(alias_factory)]
+#else
+        auto &class_func = class_factory;
+        auto &alias_func = alias_factory;
+        cl.def(
+            "__init__",
+            [class_func, alias_func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, CArgs... args) {
+                if (Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) == v_h.type->type) {
+                    // If the instance type equals the registered type we don't have inheritance,
+                    // so don't need the alias and can construct using the class function:
+                    construct<Class>(v_h, class_func(std::forward<CArgs>(args)...), false);
+                } else {
+                    construct<Class>(v_h, alias_func(std::forward<CArgs>(args)...), true);
+                }
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Set just the C++ state. Same as `__init__`.
+template <typename Class, typename T>
+void setstate(value_and_holder &v_h, T &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    construct<Class>(v_h, std::forward<T>(result), need_alias);
+}
+
+/// Set both the C++ and Python states
+template <typename Class,
+          typename T,
+          typename O,
+          enable_if_t<std::is_convertible<O, handle>::value, int> = 0>
+void setstate(value_and_holder &v_h, std::pair<T, O> &&result, bool need_alias) {
+    construct<Class>(v_h, std::move(result.first), need_alias);
+    auto d = handle(result.second);
+    if (PyDict_Check(d.ptr()) && PyDict_Size(d.ptr()) == 0) {
+        // Skipping setattr below, to not force use of py::dynamic_attr() for Class unnecessarily.
+        // See PR #2972 for details.
+        return;
+    }
+    setattr((PyObject *) v_h.inst, "__dict__", d);
+}
+
+/// Implementation for py::pickle(GetState, SetState)
+template <typename Get,
+          typename Set,
+          typename = function_signature_t<Get>,
+          typename = function_signature_t<Set>>
+struct pickle_factory;
+
+template <typename Get,
+          typename Set,
+          typename RetState,
+          typename Self,
+          typename NewInstance,
+          typename ArgState>
+struct pickle_factory<Get, Set, RetState(Self), NewInstance(ArgState)> {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<intrinsic_t<RetState>, intrinsic_t<ArgState>>::value,
+                  "The type returned by `__getstate__` must be the same "
+                  "as the argument accepted by `__setstate__`");
+
+    remove_reference_t<Get> get;
+    remove_reference_t<Set> set;
+
+    pickle_factory(Get get, Set set) : get(std::forward<Get>(get)), set(std::forward<Set>(set)) {}
+
+    template <typename Class, typename... Extra>
+    void execute(Class &cl, const Extra &...extra) && {
+        cl.def("__getstate__", std::move(get));
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_CPP14)
+        cl.def(
+            "__setstate__",
+            [func = std::move(set)]
+#else
+        auto &func = set;
+        cl.def(
+            "__setstate__",
+            [func]
+#endif
+            (value_and_holder &v_h, ArgState state) {
+                setstate<Class>(
+                    v_h, func(std::forward<ArgState>(state)), Py_TYPE(v_h.inst) != v_h.type->type);
+            },
+            is_new_style_constructor(),
+            extra...);
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(initimpl)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/internals.h

@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/internals.h: Internal data structure and related functions
+
+    Copyright (c) 2017 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+#    include <pybind11/gil.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+/// Tracks the `internals` and `type_info` ABI version independent of the main library version.
+///
+/// Some portions of the code use an ABI that is conditional depending on this
+/// version number.  That allows ABI-breaking changes to be "pre-implemented".
+/// Once the default version number is incremented, the conditional logic that
+/// no longer applies can be removed.  Additionally, users that need not
+/// maintain ABI compatibility can increase the version number in order to take
+/// advantage of any functionality/efficiency improvements that depend on the
+/// newer ABI.
+///
+/// WARNING: If you choose to manually increase the ABI version, note that
+/// pybind11 may not be tested as thoroughly with a non-default ABI version, and
+/// further ABI-incompatible changes may be made before the ABI is officially
+/// changed to the new version.
+#ifndef PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX >= 0x030C0000 || defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Version bump for Python 3.12+, before first 3.12 beta release.
+// Version bump for MSVC piggy-backed on PR #4779. See comments there.
+#        define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION 5
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION 4
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// This requirement is mainly to reduce the support burden (see PR #4570).
+static_assert(PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030C0000 || PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION >= 5,
+              "pybind11 ABI version 5 is the minimum for Python 3.12+");
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+using ExceptionTranslator = void (*)(std::exception_ptr);
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+constexpr const char *internals_function_record_capsule_name = "pybind11_function_record_capsule";
+
+// Forward declarations
+inline PyTypeObject *make_static_property_type();
+inline PyTypeObject *make_default_metaclass();
+inline PyObject *make_object_base_type(PyTypeObject *metaclass);
+
+// The old Python Thread Local Storage (TLS) API is deprecated in Python 3.7 in favor of the new
+// Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API.
+// Avoid unnecessary allocation of `Py_tss_t`, since we cannot use
+// `Py_LIMITED_API` anyway.
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_REF Py_tss_t &
+#    if defined(__clang__)
+#        define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var)                                                        \
+            _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")                                         /**/         \
+                _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-field-initializers\"") /**/         \
+                Py_tss_t var                                                                      \
+                = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;                                                              \
+            _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#    elif defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#        define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var)                                                        \
+            _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")                                         /**/           \
+                _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Wmissing-field-initializers\"") /**/           \
+                Py_tss_t var                                                                      \
+                = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;                                                              \
+            _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var) Py_tss_t var = Py_tss_NEEDS_INIT;
+#    endif
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(var) (PyThread_tss_create(&(var)) == 0)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_get(&(key))
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(key, value) PyThread_tss_set(&(key), (value))
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_DELETE_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_set(&(key), nullptr)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(key) PyThread_tss_delete(&(key))
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_REF Py_tss_t *
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(var) Py_tss_t *var = nullptr;
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(var)                                                          \
+        (((var) = PyThread_tss_alloc()) != nullptr && (PyThread_tss_create((var)) == 0))
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_get((key))
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(key, value) PyThread_tss_set((key), (value))
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_DELETE_VALUE(key) PyThread_tss_set((key), nullptr)
+#    define PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(key) PyThread_tss_free(key)
+#endif
+
+// Python loads modules by default with dlopen with the RTLD_LOCAL flag; under libc++ and possibly
+// other STLs, this means `typeid(A)` from one module won't equal `typeid(A)` from another module
+// even when `A` is the same, non-hidden-visibility type (e.g. from a common include).  Under
+// libstdc++, this doesn't happen: equality and the type_index hash are based on the type name,
+// which works.  If not under a known-good stl, provide our own name-based hash and equality
+// functions that use the type name.
+#if (PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION <= 4 && defined(__GLIBCXX__))                                     \
+    || (PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION >= 5 && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION))
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) { return lhs == rhs; }
+using type_hash = std::hash<std::type_index>;
+using type_equal_to = std::equal_to<std::type_index>;
+#else
+inline bool same_type(const std::type_info &lhs, const std::type_info &rhs) {
+    return lhs.name() == rhs.name() || std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+}
+
+struct type_hash {
+    size_t operator()(const std::type_index &t) const {
+        size_t hash = 5381;
+        const char *ptr = t.name();
+        while (auto c = static_cast<unsigned char>(*ptr++)) {
+            hash = (hash * 33) ^ c;
+        }
+        return hash;
+    }
+};
+
+struct type_equal_to {
+    bool operator()(const std::type_index &lhs, const std::type_index &rhs) const {
+        return lhs.name() == rhs.name() || std::strcmp(lhs.name(), rhs.name()) == 0;
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <typename value_type>
+using type_map = std::unordered_map<std::type_index, value_type, type_hash, type_equal_to>;
+
+struct override_hash {
+    inline size_t operator()(const std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *> &v) const {
+        size_t value = std::hash<const void *>()(v.first);
+        value ^= std::hash<const void *>()(v.second) + 0x9e3779b9 + (value << 6) + (value >> 2);
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+using instance_map = std::unordered_multimap<const void *, instance *>;
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+// Wrapper around PyMutex to provide BasicLockable semantics
+class pymutex {
+    PyMutex mutex;
+
+public:
+    pymutex() : mutex({}) {}
+    void lock() { PyMutex_Lock(&mutex); }
+    void unlock() { PyMutex_Unlock(&mutex); }
+};
+
+// Instance map shards are used to reduce mutex contention in free-threaded Python.
+struct instance_map_shard {
+    instance_map registered_instances;
+    pymutex mutex;
+    // alignas(64) would be better, but causes compile errors in macOS before 10.14 (see #5200)
+    char padding[64 - (sizeof(instance_map) + sizeof(pymutex)) % 64];
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(instance_map_shard) % 64 == 0,
+              "instance_map_shard size is not a multiple of 64 bytes");
+#endif
+
+/// Internal data structure used to track registered instances and types.
+/// Whenever binary incompatible changes are made to this structure,
+/// `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION` must be incremented.
+struct internals {
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    pymutex mutex;
+#endif
+    // std::type_index -> pybind11's type information
+    type_map<type_info *> registered_types_cpp;
+    // PyTypeObject* -> base type_info(s)
+    std::unordered_map<PyTypeObject *, std::vector<type_info *>> registered_types_py;
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    std::unique_ptr<instance_map_shard[]> instance_shards; // void * -> instance*
+    size_t instance_shards_mask;
+#else
+    instance_map registered_instances; // void * -> instance*
+#endif
+    std::unordered_set<std::pair<const PyObject *, const char *>, override_hash>
+        inactive_override_cache;
+    type_map<std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)>> direct_conversions;
+    std::unordered_map<const PyObject *, std::vector<PyObject *>> patients;
+    std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> registered_exception_translators;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, void *> shared_data; // Custom data to be shared across
+                                                         // extensions
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION == 4
+    std::vector<PyObject *> unused_loader_patient_stack_remove_at_v5;
+#endif
+    std::forward_list<std::string> static_strings; // Stores the std::strings backing
+                                                   // detail::c_str()
+    PyTypeObject *static_property_type;
+    PyTypeObject *default_metaclass;
+    PyObject *instance_base;
+    // Unused if PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT is defined:
+    PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(tstate)
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+    PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(loader_life_support_tls_key)
+#endif // PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+    // Unused if PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT is defined:
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = nullptr;
+
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+    // Note that we have to use a std::string to allocate memory to ensure a unique address
+    // We want unique addresses since we use pointer equality to compare function records
+    std::string function_record_capsule_name = internals_function_record_capsule_name;
+#endif
+
+    internals() = default;
+    internals(const internals &other) = delete;
+    internals &operator=(const internals &other) = delete;
+    ~internals() {
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+        PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(loader_life_support_tls_key);
+#endif // PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+
+        // This destructor is called *after* Py_Finalize() in finalize_interpreter().
+        // That *SHOULD BE* fine. The following details what happens when PyThread_tss_free is
+        // called. PYBIND11_TLS_FREE is PyThread_tss_free on python 3.7+. On older python, it does
+        // nothing. PyThread_tss_free calls PyThread_tss_delete and PyMem_RawFree.
+        // PyThread_tss_delete just calls TlsFree (on Windows) or pthread_key_delete (on *NIX).
+        // Neither of those have anything to do with CPython internals. PyMem_RawFree *requires*
+        // that the `tstate` be allocated with the CPython allocator.
+        PYBIND11_TLS_FREE(tstate);
+    }
+};
+
+/// Additional type information which does not fit into the PyTypeObject.
+/// Changes to this struct also require bumping `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION`.
+struct type_info {
+    PyTypeObject *type;
+    const std::type_info *cpptype;
+    size_t type_size, type_align, holder_size_in_ptrs;
+    void *(*operator_new)(size_t);
+    void (*init_instance)(instance *, const void *);
+    void (*dealloc)(value_and_holder &v_h);
+    std::vector<PyObject *(*) (PyObject *, PyTypeObject *)> implicit_conversions;
+    std::vector<std::pair<const std::type_info *, void *(*) (void *)>> implicit_casts;
+    std::vector<bool (*)(PyObject *, void *&)> *direct_conversions;
+    buffer_info *(*get_buffer)(PyObject *, void *) = nullptr;
+    void *get_buffer_data = nullptr;
+    void *(*module_local_load)(PyObject *, const type_info *) = nullptr;
+    /* A simple type never occurs as a (direct or indirect) parent
+     * of a class that makes use of multiple inheritance.
+     * A type can be simple even if it has non-simple ancestors as long as it has no descendants.
+     */
+    bool simple_type : 1;
+    /* True if there is no multiple inheritance in this type's inheritance tree */
+    bool simple_ancestors : 1;
+    /* for base vs derived holder_type checks */
+    bool default_holder : 1;
+    /* true if this is a type registered with py::module_local */
+    bool module_local : 1;
+};
+
+/// On MSVC, debug and release builds are not ABI-compatible!
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_DEBUG)
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE "_debug"
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE ""
+#endif
+
+/// Let's assume that different compilers are ABI-incompatible.
+/// A user can manually set this string if they know their
+/// compiler is compatible.
+#ifndef PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE
+#    if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_msvc"
+#    elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_icc"
+#    elif defined(__clang__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_clang"
+#    elif defined(__PGI)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_pgi"
+#    elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_mingw"
+#    elif defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_gcc_cygwin"
+#    elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_gcc"
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE "_unknown"
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+/// Also standard libs
+#ifndef PYBIND11_STDLIB
+#    if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+#        define PYBIND11_STDLIB "_libcpp"
+#    elif defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__GLIBCPP__)
+#        define PYBIND11_STDLIB "_libstdcpp"
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_STDLIB ""
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+/// On Linux/OSX, changes in __GXX_ABI_VERSION__ indicate ABI incompatibility.
+/// On MSVC, changes in _MSC_VER may indicate ABI incompatibility (#2898).
+#ifndef PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI
+#    if defined(__GXX_ABI_VERSION)
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_cxxabi" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(__GXX_ABI_VERSION)
+#    elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI "_mscver" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(_MSC_VER)
+#    else
+#        define PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI ""
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PYBIND11_INTERNALS_KIND
+#    define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_KIND ""
+#endif
+
+#define PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID                                                                  \
+    PYBIND11_INTERNALS_KIND PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE PYBIND11_STDLIB PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI             \
+        PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE
+
+#define PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID                                                                     \
+    "__pybind11_internals_v" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION)                        \
+        PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID "__"
+
+#define PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID                                                                  \
+    "__pybind11_module_local_v" PYBIND11_TOSTRING(PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION)                     \
+        PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID "__"
+
+/// Each module locally stores a pointer to the `internals` data. The data
+/// itself is shared among modules with the same `PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID`.
+inline internals **&get_internals_pp() {
+    static internals **internals_pp = nullptr;
+    return internals_pp;
+}
+
+// forward decl
+inline void translate_exception(std::exception_ptr);
+
+template <class T,
+          enable_if_t<std::is_same<std::nested_exception, remove_cvref_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
+bool handle_nested_exception(const T &exc, const std::exception_ptr &p) {
+    std::exception_ptr nested = exc.nested_ptr();
+    if (nested != nullptr && nested != p) {
+        translate_exception(nested);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+template <class T,
+          enable_if_t<!std::is_same<std::nested_exception, remove_cvref_t<T>>::value, int> = 0>
+bool handle_nested_exception(const T &exc, const std::exception_ptr &p) {
+    if (const auto *nep = dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception *>(std::addressof(exc))) {
+        return handle_nested_exception(*nep, p);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline bool raise_err(PyObject *exc_type, const char *msg) {
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        raise_from(exc_type, msg);
+        return true;
+    }
+    set_error(exc_type, msg);
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline void translate_exception(std::exception_ptr p) {
+    if (!p) {
+        return;
+    }
+    try {
+        std::rethrow_exception(p);
+    } catch (error_already_set &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        e.restore();
+        return;
+    } catch (const builtin_exception &e) {
+        // Could not use template since it's an abstract class.
+        if (const auto *nep = dynamic_cast<const std::nested_exception *>(std::addressof(e))) {
+            handle_nested_exception(*nep, p);
+        }
+        e.set_error();
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_MemoryError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::domain_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::invalid_argument &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::length_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::out_of_range &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_IndexError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::range_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_ValueError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::overflow_error &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_OverflowError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, e.what());
+        return;
+    } catch (const std::nested_exception &e) {
+        handle_nested_exception(e, p);
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Caught an unknown nested exception!");
+        return;
+    } catch (...) {
+        raise_err(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Caught an unknown exception!");
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+inline void translate_local_exception(std::exception_ptr p) {
+    try {
+        if (p) {
+            std::rethrow_exception(p);
+        }
+    } catch (error_already_set &e) {
+        e.restore();
+        return;
+    } catch (const builtin_exception &e) {
+        e.set_error();
+        return;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+inline object get_python_state_dict() {
+    object state_dict;
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION <= 4 || PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03080000 || defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    state_dict = reinterpret_borrow<object>(PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+#else
+#    if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x03090000
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = _PyInterpreterState_Get();
+#    else
+    PyInterpreterState *istate = PyInterpreterState_Get();
+#    endif
+    if (istate) {
+        state_dict = reinterpret_borrow<object>(PyInterpreterState_GetDict(istate));
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!state_dict) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError, "pybind11::detail::get_python_state_dict() FAILED");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return state_dict;
+}
+
+inline object get_internals_obj_from_state_dict(handle state_dict) {
+    return reinterpret_steal<object>(
+        dict_getitemstringref(state_dict.ptr(), PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID));
+}
+
+inline internals **get_internals_pp_from_capsule(handle obj) {
+    void *raw_ptr = PyCapsule_GetPointer(obj.ptr(), /*name=*/nullptr);
+    if (raw_ptr == nullptr) {
+        raise_from(PyExc_SystemError, "pybind11::detail::get_internals_pp_from_capsule() FAILED");
+        throw error_already_set();
+    }
+    return static_cast<internals **>(raw_ptr);
+}
+
+inline uint64_t round_up_to_next_pow2(uint64_t x) {
+    // Round-up to the next power of two.
+    // See https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
+    x--;
+    x |= (x >> 1);
+    x |= (x >> 2);
+    x |= (x >> 4);
+    x |= (x >> 8);
+    x |= (x >> 16);
+    x |= (x >> 32);
+    x++;
+    return x;
+}
+
+/// Return a reference to the current `internals` data
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE internals &get_internals() {
+    auto **&internals_pp = get_internals_pp();
+    if (internals_pp && *internals_pp) {
+        return **internals_pp;
+    }
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_SIMPLE_GIL_MANAGEMENT)
+    gil_scoped_acquire gil;
+#else
+    // Ensure that the GIL is held since we will need to make Python calls.
+    // Cannot use py::gil_scoped_acquire here since that constructor calls get_internals.
+    struct gil_scoped_acquire_local {
+        gil_scoped_acquire_local() : state(PyGILState_Ensure()) {}
+        gil_scoped_acquire_local(const gil_scoped_acquire_local &) = delete;
+        gil_scoped_acquire_local &operator=(const gil_scoped_acquire_local &) = delete;
+        ~gil_scoped_acquire_local() { PyGILState_Release(state); }
+        const PyGILState_STATE state;
+    } gil;
+#endif
+    error_scope err_scope;
+
+    dict state_dict = get_python_state_dict();
+    if (object internals_obj = get_internals_obj_from_state_dict(state_dict)) {
+        internals_pp = get_internals_pp_from_capsule(internals_obj);
+    }
+    if (internals_pp && *internals_pp) {
+        // We loaded the internals through `state_dict`, which means that our `error_already_set`
+        // and `builtin_exception` may be different local classes than the ones set up in the
+        // initial exception translator, below, so add another for our local exception classes.
+        //
+        // libstdc++ doesn't require this (types there are identified only by name)
+        // libc++ with CPython doesn't require this (types are explicitly exported)
+        // libc++ with PyPy still need it, awaiting further investigation
+#if !defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+        (*internals_pp)->registered_exception_translators.push_front(&translate_local_exception);
+#endif
+    } else {
+        if (!internals_pp) {
+            internals_pp = new internals *();
+        }
+        auto *&internals_ptr = *internals_pp;
+        internals_ptr = new internals();
+
+        PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition)
+        if (!PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(internals_ptr->tstate)) {
+            pybind11_fail("get_internals: could not successfully initialize the tstate TSS key!");
+        }
+        PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(internals_ptr->tstate, tstate);
+
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition)
+        if (!PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(internals_ptr->loader_life_support_tls_key)) {
+            pybind11_fail("get_internals: could not successfully initialize the "
+                          "loader_life_support TSS key!");
+        }
+#endif
+        internals_ptr->istate = tstate->interp;
+        state_dict[PYBIND11_INTERNALS_ID] = capsule(reinterpret_cast<void *>(internals_pp));
+        internals_ptr->registered_exception_translators.push_front(&translate_exception);
+        internals_ptr->static_property_type = make_static_property_type();
+        internals_ptr->default_metaclass = make_default_metaclass();
+        internals_ptr->instance_base = make_object_base_type(internals_ptr->default_metaclass);
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+        // Scale proportional to the number of cores. 2x is a heuristic to reduce contention.
+        auto num_shards
+            = static_cast<size_t>(round_up_to_next_pow2(2 * std::thread::hardware_concurrency()));
+        if (num_shards == 0) {
+            num_shards = 1;
+        }
+        internals_ptr->instance_shards.reset(new instance_map_shard[num_shards]);
+        internals_ptr->instance_shards_mask = num_shards - 1;
+#endif // Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    }
+    return **internals_pp;
+}
+
+// the internals struct (above) is shared between all the modules. local_internals are only
+// for a single module. Any changes made to internals may require an update to
+// PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION, breaking backwards compatibility. local_internals is, by design,
+// restricted to a single module. Whether a module has local internals or not should not
+// impact any other modules, because the only things accessing the local internals is the
+// module that contains them.
+struct local_internals {
+    type_map<type_info *> registered_types_cpp;
+    std::forward_list<ExceptionTranslator> registered_exception_translators;
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION == 4
+
+    // For ABI compatibility, we can't store the loader_life_support TLS key in
+    // the `internals` struct directly.  Instead, we store it in `shared_data` and
+    // cache a copy in `local_internals`.  If we allocated a separate TLS key for
+    // each instance of `local_internals`, we could end up allocating hundreds of
+    // TLS keys if hundreds of different pybind11 modules are loaded (which is a
+    // plausible number).
+    PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(loader_life_support_tls_key)
+
+    // Holds the shared TLS key for the loader_life_support stack.
+    struct shared_loader_life_support_data {
+        PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_INIT(loader_life_support_tls_key)
+        shared_loader_life_support_data() {
+            // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-assignment-in-if-condition)
+            if (!PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_CREATE(loader_life_support_tls_key)) {
+                pybind11_fail("local_internals: could not successfully initialize the "
+                              "loader_life_support TLS key!");
+            }
+        }
+        // We can't help but leak the TLS key, because Python never unloads extension modules.
+    };
+
+    local_internals() {
+        auto &internals = get_internals();
+        // Get or create the `loader_life_support_stack_key`.
+        auto &ptr = internals.shared_data["_life_support"];
+        if (!ptr) {
+            ptr = new shared_loader_life_support_data;
+        }
+        loader_life_support_tls_key
+            = static_cast<shared_loader_life_support_data *>(ptr)->loader_life_support_tls_key;
+    }
+#endif //  PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION == 4
+};
+
+/// Works like `get_internals`, but for things which are locally registered.
+inline local_internals &get_local_internals() {
+    // Current static can be created in the interpreter finalization routine. If the later will be
+    // destroyed in another static variable destructor, creation of this static there will cause
+    // static deinitialization fiasco. In order to avoid it we avoid destruction of the
+    // local_internals static. One can read more about the problem and current solution here:
+    // https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Static_and_Global_Variables
+    static auto *locals = new local_internals();
+    return *locals;
+}
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+#    define PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals) std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock((internals).mutex)
+#else
+#    define PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals)
+#endif
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_internals(const F &cb) -> decltype(cb(get_internals())) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals);
+    return cb(internals);
+}
+
+inline std::uint64_t mix64(std::uint64_t z) {
+    // David Stafford's variant 13 of the MurmurHash3 finalizer popularized
+    // by the SplitMix PRNG.
+    // https://zimbry.blogspot.com/2011/09/better-bit-mixing-improving-on.html
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
+    z = (z ^ (z >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
+    return z ^ (z >> 31);
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+inline auto with_instance_map(const void *ptr,
+                              const F &cb) -> decltype(cb(std::declval<instance_map &>())) {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    // Hash address to compute shard, but ignore low bits. We'd like allocations
+    // from the same thread/core to map to the same shard and allocations from
+    // other threads/cores to map to other shards. Using the high bits is a good
+    // heuristic because memory allocators often have a per-thread
+    // arena/superblock/segment from which smaller allocations are served.
+    auto addr = reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(ptr);
+    auto hash = mix64(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(addr >> 20));
+    auto idx = static_cast<size_t>(hash & internals.instance_shards_mask);
+
+    auto &shard = internals.instance_shards[idx];
+    std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock(shard.mutex);
+    return cb(shard.registered_instances);
+#else
+    (void) ptr;
+    return cb(internals.registered_instances);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns the number of registered instances for testing purposes.  The result may not be
+// consistent if other threads are registering or unregistering instances concurrently.
+inline size_t num_registered_instances() {
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    size_t count = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= internals.instance_shards_mask; ++i) {
+        auto &shard = internals.instance_shards[i];
+        std::unique_lock<pymutex> lock(shard.mutex);
+        count += shard.registered_instances.size();
+    }
+    return count;
+#else
+    return internals.registered_instances.size();
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Constructs a std::string with the given arguments, stores it in `internals`, and returns its
+/// `c_str()`.  Such strings objects have a long storage duration -- the internal strings are only
+/// cleared when the program exits or after interpreter shutdown (when embedding), and so are
+/// suitable for c-style strings needed by Python internals (such as PyTypeObject's tp_name).
+template <typename... Args>
+const char *c_str(Args &&...args) {
+    // GCC 4.8 doesn't like parameter unpack within lambda capture, so use
+    // PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS.
+    auto &internals = get_internals();
+    PYBIND11_LOCK_INTERNALS(internals);
+    auto &strings = internals.static_strings;
+    strings.emplace_front(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return strings.front().c_str();
+}
+
+inline const char *get_function_record_capsule_name() {
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION > 4
+    return get_internals().function_record_capsule_name.c_str();
+#else
+    return nullptr;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Determine whether or not the following capsule contains a pybind11 function record.
+// Note that we use `internals` to make sure that only ABI compatible records are touched.
+//
+// This check is currently used in two places:
+// - An important optimization in functional.h to avoid overhead in C++ -> Python -> C++
+// - The sibling feature of cpp_function to allow overloads
+inline bool is_function_record_capsule(const capsule &cap) {
+    // Pointer equality as we rely on internals() to ensure unique pointers
+    return cap.name() == get_function_record_capsule_name();
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Returns a named pointer that is shared among all extension modules (using the same
+/// pybind11 version) running in the current interpreter. Names starting with underscores
+/// are reserved for internal usage. Returns `nullptr` if no matching entry was found.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *get_shared_data(const std::string &name) {
+    return detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+        return it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Set the shared data that can be later recovered by `get_shared_data()`.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void *set_shared_data(const std::string &name, void *data) {
+    return detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        internals.shared_data[name] = data;
+        return data;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Returns a typed reference to a shared data entry (by using `get_shared_data()`) if
+/// such entry exists. Otherwise, a new object of default-constructible type `T` is
+/// added to the shared data under the given name and a reference to it is returned.
+template <typename T>
+T &get_or_create_shared_data(const std::string &name) {
+    return *detail::with_internals([&](detail::internals &internals) {
+        auto it = internals.shared_data.find(name);
+        T *ptr = (T *) (it != internals.shared_data.end() ? it->second : nullptr);
+        if (!ptr) {
+            ptr = new T();
+            internals.shared_data[name] = ptr;
+        }
+        return ptr;
+    });
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/type_caster_base.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1195 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/type_caster_base.h (originally first part of pybind11/cast.h)
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "cpp_conduit.h"
+#include "descr.h"
+#include "internals.h"
+#include "typeid.h"
+#include "value_and_holder.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <new>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// A life support system for temporary objects created by `type_caster::load()`.
+/// Adding a patient will keep it alive up until the enclosing function returns.
+class loader_life_support {
+private:
+    loader_life_support *parent = nullptr;
+    std::unordered_set<PyObject *> keep_alive;
+
+    // Store stack pointer in thread-local storage.
+    static PYBIND11_TLS_KEY_REF get_stack_tls_key() {
+#if PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION == 4
+        return get_local_internals().loader_life_support_tls_key;
+#else
+        return get_internals().loader_life_support_tls_key;
+#endif
+    }
+    static loader_life_support *get_stack_top() {
+        return static_cast<loader_life_support *>(PYBIND11_TLS_GET_VALUE(get_stack_tls_key()));
+    }
+    static void set_stack_top(loader_life_support *value) {
+        PYBIND11_TLS_REPLACE_VALUE(get_stack_tls_key(), value);
+    }
+
+public:
+    /// A new patient frame is created when a function is entered
+    loader_life_support() : parent{get_stack_top()} { set_stack_top(this); }
+
+    /// ... and destroyed after it returns
+    ~loader_life_support() {
+        if (get_stack_top() != this) {
+            pybind11_fail("loader_life_support: internal error");
+        }
+        set_stack_top(parent);
+        for (auto *item : keep_alive) {
+            Py_DECREF(item);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This can only be used inside a pybind11-bound function, either by `argument_loader`
+    /// at argument preparation time or by `py::cast()` at execution time.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static void add_patient(handle h) {
+        loader_life_support *frame = get_stack_top();
+        if (!frame) {
+            // NOTE: It would be nice to include the stack frames here, as this indicates
+            // use of pybind11::cast<> outside the normal call framework, finding such
+            // a location is challenging. Developers could consider printing out
+            // stack frame addresses here using something like __builtin_frame_address(0)
+            throw cast_error("When called outside a bound function, py::cast() cannot "
+                             "do Python -> C++ conversions which require the creation "
+                             "of temporary values");
+        }
+
+        if (frame->keep_alive.insert(h.ptr()).second) {
+            Py_INCREF(h.ptr());
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+// Gets the cache entry for the given type, creating it if necessary.  The return value is the pair
+// returned by emplace, i.e. an iterator for the entry and a bool set to `true` if the entry was
+// just created.
+inline std::pair<decltype(internals::registered_types_py)::iterator, bool>
+all_type_info_get_cache(PyTypeObject *type);
+
+// Band-aid workaround to fix a subtle but serious bug in a minimalistic fashion. See PR #4762.
+inline void all_type_info_add_base_most_derived_first(std::vector<type_info *> &bases,
+                                                      type_info *addl_base) {
+    for (auto it = bases.begin(); it != bases.end(); it++) {
+        type_info *existing_base = *it;
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(addl_base->type, existing_base->type) != 0) {
+            bases.insert(it, addl_base);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    bases.push_back(addl_base);
+}
+
+// Populates a just-created cache entry.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void all_type_info_populate(PyTypeObject *t, std::vector<type_info *> &bases) {
+    assert(bases.empty());
+    std::vector<PyTypeObject *> check;
+    for (handle parent : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(t->tp_bases)) {
+        check.push_back((PyTypeObject *) parent.ptr());
+    }
+
+    auto const &type_dict = get_internals().registered_types_py;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < check.size(); i++) {
+        auto *type = check[i];
+        // Ignore Python2 old-style class super type:
+        if (!PyType_Check((PyObject *) type)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Check `type` in the current set of registered python types:
+        auto it = type_dict.find(type);
+        if (it != type_dict.end()) {
+            // We found a cache entry for it, so it's either pybind-registered or has pre-computed
+            // pybind bases, but we have to make sure we haven't already seen the type(s) before:
+            // we want to follow Python/virtual C++ rules that there should only be one instance of
+            // a common base.
+            for (auto *tinfo : it->second) {
+                // NB: Could use a second set here, rather than doing a linear search, but since
+                // having a large number of immediate pybind11-registered types seems fairly
+                // unlikely, that probably isn't worthwhile.
+                bool found = false;
+                for (auto *known : bases) {
+                    if (known == tinfo) {
+                        found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                    all_type_info_add_base_most_derived_first(bases, tinfo);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (type->tp_bases) {
+            // It's some python type, so keep follow its bases classes to look for one or more
+            // registered types
+            if (i + 1 == check.size()) {
+                // When we're at the end, we can pop off the current element to avoid growing
+                // `check` when adding just one base (which is typical--i.e. when there is no
+                // multiple inheritance)
+                check.pop_back();
+                i--;
+            }
+            for (handle parent : reinterpret_borrow<tuple>(type->tp_bases)) {
+                check.push_back((PyTypeObject *) parent.ptr());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts vector of type_info pointers of pybind-registered roots of the given Python type.  Will
+ * be just 1 pybind type for the Python type of a pybind-registered class, or for any Python-side
+ * derived class that uses single inheritance.  Will contain as many types as required for a Python
+ * class that uses multiple inheritance to inherit (directly or indirectly) from multiple
+ * pybind-registered classes.  Will be empty if neither the type nor any base classes are
+ * pybind-registered.
+ *
+ * The value is cached for the lifetime of the Python type.
+ */
+inline const std::vector<detail::type_info *> &all_type_info(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    auto ins = all_type_info_get_cache(type);
+    if (ins.second) {
+        // New cache entry: populate it
+        all_type_info_populate(type, ins.first->second);
+    }
+
+    return ins.first->second;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets a single pybind11 type info for a python type.  Returns nullptr if neither the type nor any
+ * ancestors are pybind11-registered.  Throws an exception if there are multiple bases--use
+ * `all_type_info` instead if you want to support multiple bases.
+ */
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE detail::type_info *get_type_info(PyTypeObject *type) {
+    const auto &bases = all_type_info(type);
+    if (bases.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (bases.size() > 1) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "pybind11::detail::get_type_info: type has multiple pybind11-registered bases");
+    }
+    return bases.front();
+}
+
+inline detail::type_info *get_local_type_info(const std::type_index &tp) {
+    auto &locals = get_local_internals().registered_types_cpp;
+    auto it = locals.find(tp);
+    if (it != locals.end()) {
+        return it->second;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+inline detail::type_info *get_global_type_info(const std::type_index &tp) {
+    return with_internals([&](internals &internals) {
+        detail::type_info *type_info = nullptr;
+        auto &types = internals.registered_types_cpp;
+        auto it = types.find(tp);
+        if (it != types.end()) {
+            type_info = it->second;
+        }
+        return type_info;
+    });
+}
+
+/// Return the type info for a given C++ type; on lookup failure can either throw or return
+/// nullptr.
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE detail::type_info *get_type_info(const std::type_index &tp,
+                                                   bool throw_if_missing = false) {
+    if (auto *ltype = get_local_type_info(tp)) {
+        return ltype;
+    }
+    if (auto *gtype = get_global_type_info(tp)) {
+        return gtype;
+    }
+
+    if (throw_if_missing) {
+        std::string tname = tp.name();
+        detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+        pybind11_fail("pybind11::detail::get_type_info: unable to find type info for \""
+                      + std::move(tname) + '"');
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE handle get_type_handle(const std::type_info &tp, bool throw_if_missing) {
+    detail::type_info *type_info = get_type_info(tp, throw_if_missing);
+    return handle(type_info ? ((PyObject *) type_info->type) : nullptr);
+}
+
+// Searches the inheritance graph for a registered Python instance, using all_type_info().
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE handle find_registered_python_instance(void *src,
+                                                         const detail::type_info *tinfo) {
+    return with_instance_map(src, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto it_instances = instances.equal_range(src);
+        for (auto it_i = it_instances.first; it_i != it_instances.second; ++it_i) {
+            for (auto *instance_type : detail::all_type_info(Py_TYPE(it_i->second))) {
+                if (instance_type && same_type(*instance_type->cpptype, *tinfo->cpptype)) {
+                    return handle((PyObject *) it_i->second).inc_ref();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return handle();
+    });
+}
+
+// Container for accessing and iterating over an instance's values/holders
+struct values_and_holders {
+private:
+    instance *inst;
+    using type_vec = std::vector<detail::type_info *>;
+    const type_vec &tinfo;
+
+public:
+    explicit values_and_holders(instance *inst)
+        : inst{inst}, tinfo(all_type_info(Py_TYPE(inst))) {}
+
+    explicit values_and_holders(PyObject *obj)
+        : inst{nullptr}, tinfo(all_type_info(Py_TYPE(obj))) {
+        if (!tinfo.empty()) {
+            inst = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct iterator {
+    private:
+        instance *inst = nullptr;
+        const type_vec *types = nullptr;
+        value_and_holder curr;
+        friend struct values_and_holders;
+        iterator(instance *inst, const type_vec *tinfo) : inst{inst}, types{tinfo} {
+            if (inst != nullptr) {
+                assert(!types->empty());
+                curr = value_and_holder(
+                    inst /* instance */,
+                    (*types)[0] /* type info */,
+                    0, /* vpos: (non-simple types only): the first vptr comes first */
+                    0 /* index */);
+            }
+        }
+        // Past-the-end iterator:
+        explicit iterator(size_t end) : curr(end) {}
+
+    public:
+        bool operator==(const iterator &other) const { return curr.index == other.curr.index; }
+        bool operator!=(const iterator &other) const { return curr.index != other.curr.index; }
+        iterator &operator++() {
+            if (!inst->simple_layout) {
+                curr.vh += 1 + (*types)[curr.index]->holder_size_in_ptrs;
+            }
+            ++curr.index;
+            curr.type = curr.index < types->size() ? (*types)[curr.index] : nullptr;
+            return *this;
+        }
+        value_and_holder &operator*() { return curr; }
+        value_and_holder *operator->() { return &curr; }
+    };
+
+    iterator begin() { return iterator(inst, &tinfo); }
+    iterator end() { return iterator(tinfo.size()); }
+
+    iterator find(const type_info *find_type) {
+        auto it = begin(), endit = end();
+        while (it != endit && it->type != find_type) {
+            ++it;
+        }
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() { return tinfo.size(); }
+
+    // Band-aid workaround to fix a subtle but serious bug in a minimalistic fashion. See PR #4762.
+    bool is_redundant_value_and_holder(const value_and_holder &vh) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < vh.index; i++) {
+            if (PyType_IsSubtype(tinfo[i]->type, tinfo[vh.index]->type) != 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extracts C++ value and holder pointer references from an instance (which may contain multiple
+ * values/holders for python-side multiple inheritance) that match the given type.  Throws an error
+ * if the given type (or ValueType, if omitted) is not a pybind11 base of the given instance.  If
+ * `find_type` is omitted (or explicitly specified as nullptr) the first value/holder are returned,
+ * regardless of type (and the resulting .type will be nullptr).
+ *
+ * The returned object should be short-lived: in particular, it must not outlive the called-upon
+ * instance.
+ */
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE value_and_holder
+instance::get_value_and_holder(const type_info *find_type /*= nullptr default in common.h*/,
+                               bool throw_if_missing /*= true in common.h*/) {
+    // Optimize common case:
+    if (!find_type || Py_TYPE(this) == find_type->type) {
+        return value_and_holder(this, find_type, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    detail::values_and_holders vhs(this);
+    auto it = vhs.find(find_type);
+    if (it != vhs.end()) {
+        return *it;
+    }
+
+    if (!throw_if_missing) {
+        return value_and_holder();
+    }
+
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+    pybind11_fail("pybind11::detail::instance::get_value_and_holder: `"
+                  + get_fully_qualified_tp_name(find_type->type)
+                  + "' is not a pybind11 base of the given `"
+                  + get_fully_qualified_tp_name(Py_TYPE(this)) + "' instance");
+#else
+    pybind11_fail(
+        "pybind11::detail::instance::get_value_and_holder: "
+        "type is not a pybind11 base of the given instance "
+        "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in debug mode for type details)");
+#endif
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void instance::allocate_layout() {
+    const auto &tinfo = all_type_info(Py_TYPE(this));
+
+    const size_t n_types = tinfo.size();
+
+    if (n_types == 0) {
+        pybind11_fail(
+            "instance allocation failed: new instance has no pybind11-registered base types");
+    }
+
+    simple_layout
+        = n_types == 1 && tinfo.front()->holder_size_in_ptrs <= instance_simple_holder_in_ptrs();
+
+    // Simple path: no python-side multiple inheritance, and a small-enough holder
+    if (simple_layout) {
+        simple_value_holder[0] = nullptr;
+        simple_holder_constructed = false;
+        simple_instance_registered = false;
+    } else { // multiple base types or a too-large holder
+        // Allocate space to hold: [v1*][h1][v2*][h2]...[bb...] where [vN*] is a value pointer,
+        // [hN] is the (uninitialized) holder instance for value N, and [bb...] is a set of bool
+        // values that tracks whether each associated holder has been initialized.  Each [block] is
+        // padded, if necessary, to an integer multiple of sizeof(void *).
+        size_t space = 0;
+        for (auto *t : tinfo) {
+            space += 1;                      // value pointer
+            space += t->holder_size_in_ptrs; // holder instance
+        }
+        size_t flags_at = space;
+        space += size_in_ptrs(n_types); // status bytes (holder_constructed and
+                                        // instance_registered)
+
+        // Allocate space for flags, values, and holders, and initialize it to 0 (flags and values,
+        // in particular, need to be 0).  Use Python's memory allocation
+        // functions: Python is using pymalloc, which is designed to be
+        // efficient for small allocations like the one we're doing here;
+        // for larger allocations they are just wrappers around malloc.
+        // TODO: is this still true for pure Python 3.6?
+        nonsimple.values_and_holders = (void **) PyMem_Calloc(space, sizeof(void *));
+        if (!nonsimple.values_and_holders) {
+            throw std::bad_alloc();
+        }
+        nonsimple.status
+            = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t *>(&nonsimple.values_and_holders[flags_at]);
+    }
+    owned = true;
+}
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void instance::deallocate_layout() {
+    if (!simple_layout) {
+        PyMem_Free(reinterpret_cast<void *>(nonsimple.values_and_holders));
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE bool isinstance_generic(handle obj, const std::type_info &tp) {
+    handle type = detail::get_type_handle(tp, false);
+    if (!type) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return isinstance(obj, type);
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE handle get_object_handle(const void *ptr, const detail::type_info *type) {
+    return with_instance_map(ptr, [&](instance_map &instances) {
+        auto range = instances.equal_range(ptr);
+        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
+            for (const auto &vh : values_and_holders(it->second)) {
+                if (vh.type == type) {
+                    return handle((PyObject *) it->second);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return handle();
+    });
+}
+
+inline PyThreadState *get_thread_state_unchecked() {
+#if defined(PYPY_VERSION)
+    return PyThreadState_GET();
+#elif PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x030D0000
+    return _PyThreadState_UncheckedGet();
+#else
+    return PyThreadState_GetUnchecked();
+#endif
+}
+
+// Forward declarations
+void keep_alive_impl(handle nurse, handle patient);
+inline PyObject *make_new_instance(PyTypeObject *type);
+
+class type_caster_generic {
+public:
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE explicit type_caster_generic(const std::type_info &type_info)
+        : typeinfo(get_type_info(type_info)), cpptype(&type_info) {}
+
+    explicit type_caster_generic(const type_info *typeinfo)
+        : typeinfo(typeinfo), cpptype(typeinfo ? typeinfo->cpptype : nullptr) {}
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) { return load_impl<type_caster_generic>(src, convert); }
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static handle cast(const void *_src,
+                                         return_value_policy policy,
+                                         handle parent,
+                                         const detail::type_info *tinfo,
+                                         void *(*copy_constructor)(const void *),
+                                         void *(*move_constructor)(const void *),
+                                         const void *existing_holder = nullptr) {
+        if (!tinfo) { // no type info: error will be set already
+            return handle();
+        }
+
+        void *src = const_cast<void *>(_src);
+        if (src == nullptr) {
+            return none().release();
+        }
+
+        if (handle registered_inst = find_registered_python_instance(src, tinfo)) {
+            return registered_inst;
+        }
+
+        auto inst = reinterpret_steal<object>(make_new_instance(tinfo->type));
+        auto *wrapper = reinterpret_cast<instance *>(inst.ptr());
+        wrapper->owned = false;
+        void *&valueptr = values_and_holders(wrapper).begin()->value_ptr();
+
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+                valueptr = src;
+                wrapper->owned = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+                valueptr = src;
+                wrapper->owned = false;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                if (copy_constructor) {
+                    valueptr = copy_constructor(src);
+                } else {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+                    std::string type_name(tinfo->cpptype->name());
+                    detail::clean_type_id(type_name);
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = copy, but type " + type_name
+                                     + " is non-copyable!");
+#else
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = copy, but type is "
+                                     "non-copyable! (#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or "
+                                     "compile in debug mode for details)");
+#endif
+                }
+                wrapper->owned = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                if (move_constructor) {
+                    valueptr = move_constructor(src);
+                } else if (copy_constructor) {
+                    valueptr = copy_constructor(src);
+                } else {
+#if defined(PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES)
+                    std::string type_name(tinfo->cpptype->name());
+                    detail::clean_type_id(type_name);
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = move, but type " + type_name
+                                     + " is neither movable nor copyable!");
+#else
+                    throw cast_error("return_value_policy = move, but type is neither "
+                                     "movable nor copyable! "
+                                     "(#define PYBIND11_DETAILED_ERROR_MESSAGES or compile in "
+                                     "debug mode for details)");
+#endif
+                }
+                wrapper->owned = true;
+                break;
+
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                valueptr = src;
+                wrapper->owned = false;
+                keep_alive_impl(inst, parent);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                throw cast_error("unhandled return_value_policy: should not happen!");
+        }
+
+        tinfo->init_instance(wrapper, existing_holder);
+
+        return inst.release();
+    }
+
+    // Base methods for generic caster; there are overridden in copyable_holder_caster
+    void load_value(value_and_holder &&v_h) {
+        auto *&vptr = v_h.value_ptr();
+        // Lazy allocation for unallocated values:
+        if (vptr == nullptr) {
+            const auto *type = v_h.type ? v_h.type : typeinfo;
+            if (type->operator_new) {
+                vptr = type->operator_new(type->type_size);
+            } else {
+#if defined(__cpp_aligned_new) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1912)
+                if (type->type_align > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__) {
+                    vptr = ::operator new(type->type_size, std::align_val_t(type->type_align));
+                } else {
+                    vptr = ::operator new(type->type_size);
+                }
+#else
+                vptr = ::operator new(type->type_size);
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+        value = vptr;
+    }
+    bool try_implicit_casts(handle src, bool convert) {
+        for (const auto &cast : typeinfo->implicit_casts) {
+            type_caster_generic sub_caster(*cast.first);
+            if (sub_caster.load(src, convert)) {
+                value = cast.second(sub_caster.value);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool try_direct_conversions(handle src) {
+        for (auto &converter : *typeinfo->direct_conversions) {
+            if (converter(src.ptr(), value)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool try_cpp_conduit(handle src) {
+        value = try_raw_pointer_ephemeral_from_cpp_conduit(src, cpptype);
+        if (value != nullptr) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    void check_holder_compat() {}
+
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static void *local_load(PyObject *src, const type_info *ti) {
+        auto caster = type_caster_generic(ti);
+        if (caster.load(src, false)) {
+            return caster.value;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /// Try to load with foreign typeinfo, if available. Used when there is no
+    /// native typeinfo, or when the native one wasn't able to produce a value.
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE bool try_load_foreign_module_local(handle src) {
+        constexpr auto *local_key = PYBIND11_MODULE_LOCAL_ID;
+        const auto pytype = type::handle_of(src);
+        if (!hasattr(pytype, local_key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        type_info *foreign_typeinfo = reinterpret_borrow<capsule>(getattr(pytype, local_key));
+        // Only consider this foreign loader if actually foreign and is a loader of the correct cpp
+        // type
+        if (foreign_typeinfo->module_local_load == &local_load
+            || (cpptype && !same_type(*cpptype, *foreign_typeinfo->cpptype))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (auto *result = foreign_typeinfo->module_local_load(src.ptr(), foreign_typeinfo)) {
+            value = result;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Implementation of `load`; this takes the type of `this` so that it can dispatch the relevant
+    // bits of code between here and copyable_holder_caster where the two classes need different
+    // logic (without having to resort to virtual inheritance).
+    template <typename ThisT>
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE bool load_impl(handle src, bool convert) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!typeinfo) {
+            return try_load_foreign_module_local(src);
+        }
+
+        auto &this_ = static_cast<ThisT &>(*this);
+        this_.check_holder_compat();
+
+        PyTypeObject *srctype = Py_TYPE(src.ptr());
+
+        // Case 1: If src is an exact type match for the target type then we can reinterpret_cast
+        // the instance's value pointer to the target type:
+        if (srctype == typeinfo->type) {
+            this_.load_value(reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->get_value_and_holder());
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Case 2: We have a derived class
+        if (PyType_IsSubtype(srctype, typeinfo->type)) {
+            const auto &bases = all_type_info(srctype);
+            bool no_cpp_mi = typeinfo->simple_type;
+
+            // Case 2a: the python type is a Python-inherited derived class that inherits from just
+            // one simple (no MI) pybind11 class, or is an exact match, so the C++ instance is of
+            // the right type and we can use reinterpret_cast.
+            // (This is essentially the same as case 2b, but because not using multiple inheritance
+            // is extremely common, we handle it specially to avoid the loop iterator and type
+            // pointer lookup overhead)
+            if (bases.size() == 1 && (no_cpp_mi || bases.front()->type == typeinfo->type)) {
+                this_.load_value(reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->get_value_and_holder());
+                return true;
+            }
+            // Case 2b: the python type inherits from multiple C++ bases.  Check the bases to see
+            // if we can find an exact match (or, for a simple C++ type, an inherited match); if
+            // so, we can safely reinterpret_cast to the relevant pointer.
+            if (bases.size() > 1) {
+                for (auto *base : bases) {
+                    if (no_cpp_mi ? PyType_IsSubtype(base->type, typeinfo->type)
+                                  : base->type == typeinfo->type) {
+                        this_.load_value(
+                            reinterpret_cast<instance *>(src.ptr())->get_value_and_holder(base));
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Case 2c: C++ multiple inheritance is involved and we couldn't find an exact type
+            // match in the registered bases, above, so try implicit casting (needed for proper C++
+            // casting when MI is involved).
+            if (this_.try_implicit_casts(src, convert)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Perform an implicit conversion
+        if (convert) {
+            for (const auto &converter : typeinfo->implicit_conversions) {
+                auto temp = reinterpret_steal<object>(converter(src.ptr(), typeinfo->type));
+                if (load_impl<ThisT>(temp, false)) {
+                    loader_life_support::add_patient(temp);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            if (this_.try_direct_conversions(src)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Failed to match local typeinfo. Try again with global.
+        if (typeinfo->module_local) {
+            if (auto *gtype = get_global_type_info(*typeinfo->cpptype)) {
+                typeinfo = gtype;
+                return load(src, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Global typeinfo has precedence over foreign module_local
+        if (try_load_foreign_module_local(src)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Custom converters didn't take None, now we convert None to nullptr.
+        if (src.is_none()) {
+            // Defer accepting None to other overloads (if we aren't in convert mode):
+            if (!convert) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            value = nullptr;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (convert && cpptype && this_.try_cpp_conduit(src)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Called to do type lookup and wrap the pointer and type in a pair when a dynamic_cast
+    // isn't needed or can't be used.  If the type is unknown, sets the error and returns a pair
+    // with .second = nullptr.  (p.first = nullptr is not an error: it becomes None).
+    PYBIND11_NOINLINE static std::pair<const void *, const type_info *>
+    src_and_type(const void *src,
+                 const std::type_info &cast_type,
+                 const std::type_info *rtti_type = nullptr) {
+        if (auto *tpi = get_type_info(cast_type)) {
+            return {src, const_cast<const type_info *>(tpi)};
+        }
+
+        // Not found, set error:
+        std::string tname = rtti_type ? rtti_type->name() : cast_type.name();
+        detail::clean_type_id(tname);
+        std::string msg = "Unregistered type : " + tname;
+        set_error(PyExc_TypeError, msg.c_str());
+        return {nullptr, nullptr};
+    }
+
+    const type_info *typeinfo = nullptr;
+    const std::type_info *cpptype = nullptr;
+    void *value = nullptr;
+};
+
+inline object cpp_conduit_method(handle self,
+                                 const bytes &pybind11_platform_abi_id,
+                                 const capsule &cpp_type_info_capsule,
+                                 const bytes &pointer_kind) {
+#ifdef PYBIND11_HAS_STRING_VIEW
+    using cpp_str = std::string_view;
+#else
+    using cpp_str = std::string;
+#endif
+    if (cpp_str(pybind11_platform_abi_id) != PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID) {
+        return none();
+    }
+    if (std::strcmp(cpp_type_info_capsule.name(), typeid(std::type_info).name()) != 0) {
+        return none();
+    }
+    if (cpp_str(pointer_kind) != "raw_pointer_ephemeral") {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid pointer_kind: \"" + std::string(pointer_kind) + "\"");
+    }
+    const auto *cpp_type_info = cpp_type_info_capsule.get_pointer<const std::type_info>();
+    type_caster_generic caster(*cpp_type_info);
+    if (!caster.load(self, false)) {
+        return none();
+    }
+    return capsule(caster.value, cpp_type_info->name());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determine suitable casting operator for pointer-or-lvalue-casting type casters.  The type caster
+ * needs to provide `operator T*()` and `operator T&()` operators.
+ *
+ * If the type supports moving the value away via an `operator T&&() &&` method, it should use
+ * `movable_cast_op_type` instead.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+using cast_op_type = conditional_t<std::is_pointer<remove_reference_t<T>>::value,
+                                   typename std::add_pointer<intrinsic_t<T>>::type,
+                                   typename std::add_lvalue_reference<intrinsic_t<T>>::type>;
+
+/**
+ * Determine suitable casting operator for a type caster with a movable value.  Such a type caster
+ * needs to provide `operator T*()`, `operator T&()`, and `operator T&&() &&`.  The latter will be
+ * called in appropriate contexts where the value can be moved rather than copied.
+ *
+ * These operator are automatically provided when using the PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER macro.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+using movable_cast_op_type
+    = conditional_t<std::is_pointer<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::value,
+                    typename std::add_pointer<intrinsic_t<T>>::type,
+                    conditional_t<std::is_rvalue_reference<T>::value,
+                                  typename std::add_rvalue_reference<intrinsic_t<T>>::type,
+                                  typename std::add_lvalue_reference<intrinsic_t<T>>::type>>;
+
+// Does the container have a mapped type and is it recursive?
+// Implemented by specializations below.
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct container_mapped_type_traits {
+    static constexpr bool has_mapped_type = false;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_mapped_type = false;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_mapped_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        std::is_same<typename Container::mapped_type, Container>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_mapped_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_mapped_type = true;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_mapped_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        negation<std::is_same<typename Container::mapped_type, Container>>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_mapped_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_mapped_type = false;
+};
+
+// Does the container have a value type and is it recursive?
+// Implemented by specializations below.
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct container_value_type_traits : std::false_type {
+    static constexpr bool has_value_type = false;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_value_type = false;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_value_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        std::is_same<typename Container::value_type, Container>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_value_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_value_type = true;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct container_value_type_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        negation<std::is_same<typename Container::value_type, Container>>::value>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool has_value_type = true;
+    static constexpr bool has_recursive_value_type = false;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Tag to be used for representing the bottom of recursively defined types.
+ * Define this tag so we don't have to use void.
+ */
+struct recursive_bottom {};
+
+/*
+ * Implementation detail of `recursive_container_traits` below.
+ * `T` is the `value_type` of the container, which might need to be modified to
+ * avoid recursive types and const types.
+ */
+template <typename T, bool is_this_a_map>
+struct impl_type_to_check_recursively {
+    /*
+     * If the container is recursive, then no further recursion should be done.
+     */
+    using if_recursive = recursive_bottom;
+    /*
+     * Otherwise yield `T` unchanged.
+     */
+    using if_not_recursive = T;
+};
+
+/*
+ * For pairs - only as value type of a map -, the first type should remove the `const`.
+ * Also, if the map is recursive, then the recursive checking should consider
+ * the first type only.
+ */
+template <typename A, typename B>
+struct impl_type_to_check_recursively<std::pair<A, B>, /* is_this_a_map = */ true> {
+    using if_recursive = typename std::remove_const<A>::type;
+    using if_not_recursive = std::pair<typename std::remove_const<A>::type, B>;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Implementation of `recursive_container_traits` below.
+ */
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct impl_recursive_container_traits {
+    using type_to_check_recursively = recursive_bottom;
+};
+
+template <typename Container>
+struct impl_recursive_container_traits<
+    Container,
+    typename std::enable_if<container_value_type_traits<Container>::has_value_type>::type> {
+    static constexpr bool is_recursive
+        = container_mapped_type_traits<Container>::has_recursive_mapped_type
+          || container_value_type_traits<Container>::has_recursive_value_type;
+    /*
+     * This member dictates which type Pybind11 should check recursively in traits
+     * such as `is_move_constructible`, `is_copy_constructible`, `is_move_assignable`, ...
+     * Direct access to `value_type` should be avoided:
+     * 1. `value_type` might recursively contain the type again
+     * 2. `value_type` of STL map types is `std::pair<A const, B>`, the `const`
+     *    should be removed.
+     *
+     */
+    using type_to_check_recursively = typename std::conditional<
+        is_recursive,
+        typename impl_type_to_check_recursively<
+            typename Container::value_type,
+            container_mapped_type_traits<Container>::has_mapped_type>::if_recursive,
+        typename impl_type_to_check_recursively<
+            typename Container::value_type,
+            container_mapped_type_traits<Container>::has_mapped_type>::if_not_recursive>::type;
+};
+
+/*
+ * This trait defines the `type_to_check_recursively` which is needed to properly
+ * handle recursively defined traits such as `is_move_constructible` without going
+ * into an infinite recursion.
+ * Should be used instead of directly accessing the `value_type`.
+ * It cancels the recursion by returning the `recursive_bottom` tag.
+ *
+ * The default definition of `type_to_check_recursively` is as follows:
+ *
+ * 1. By default, it is `recursive_bottom`, so that the recursion is canceled.
+ * 2. If the type is non-recursive and defines a `value_type`, then the `value_type` is used.
+ *    If the `value_type` is a pair and a `mapped_type` is defined,
+ *    then the `const` is removed from the first type.
+ * 3. If the type is recursive and `value_type` is not a pair, then `recursive_bottom` is returned.
+ * 4. If the type is recursive and `value_type` is a pair and a `mapped_type` is defined,
+ *    then `const` is removed from the first type and the first type is returned.
+ *
+ * This behavior can be extended by the user as seen in test_stl_binders.cpp.
+ *
+ * This struct is exactly the same as impl_recursive_container_traits.
+ * The duplication achieves that user-defined specializations don't compete
+ * with internal specializations, but take precedence.
+ */
+template <typename Container, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct recursive_container_traits : impl_recursive_container_traits<Container> {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_move_constructible
+    : all_of<std::is_move_constructible<T>,
+             is_move_constructible<
+                 typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct is_move_constructible<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+// Likewise for std::pair
+// (after C++17 it is mandatory that the move constructor not exist when the two types aren't
+// themselves move constructible, but this can not be relied upon when T1 or T2 are themselves
+// containers).
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_move_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+    : all_of<is_move_constructible<T1>, is_move_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+// std::is_copy_constructible isn't quite enough: it lets std::vector<T> (and similar) through when
+// T is non-copyable, but code containing such a copy constructor fails to actually compile.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_copy_constructible
+    : all_of<std::is_copy_constructible<T>,
+             is_copy_constructible<
+                 typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively>> {};
+
+template <>
+struct is_copy_constructible<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+// Likewise for std::pair
+// (after C++17 it is mandatory that the copy constructor not exist when the two types aren't
+// themselves copy constructible, but this can not be relied upon when T1 or T2 are themselves
+// containers).
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_copy_constructible<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+    : all_of<is_copy_constructible<T1>, is_copy_constructible<T2>> {};
+
+// The same problems arise with std::is_copy_assignable, so we use the same workaround.
+template <typename T>
+struct is_copy_assignable
+    : all_of<
+          std::is_copy_assignable<T>,
+          is_copy_assignable<typename recursive_container_traits<T>::type_to_check_recursively>> {
+};
+
+template <>
+struct is_copy_assignable<recursive_bottom> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct is_copy_assignable<std::pair<T1, T2>>
+    : all_of<is_copy_assignable<T1>, is_copy_assignable<T2>> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+// polymorphic_type_hook<itype>::get(src, tinfo) determines whether the object pointed
+// to by `src` actually is an instance of some class derived from `itype`.
+// If so, it sets `tinfo` to point to the std::type_info representing that derived
+// type, and returns a pointer to the start of the most-derived object of that type
+// (in which `src` is a subobject; this will be the same address as `src` in most
+// single inheritance cases). If not, or if `src` is nullptr, it simply returns `src`
+// and leaves `tinfo` at its default value of nullptr.
+//
+// The default polymorphic_type_hook just returns src. A specialization for polymorphic
+// types determines the runtime type of the passed object and adjusts the this-pointer
+// appropriately via dynamic_cast<void*>. This is what enables a C++ Animal* to appear
+// to Python as a Dog (if Dog inherits from Animal, Animal is polymorphic, Dog is
+// registered with pybind11, and this Animal is in fact a Dog).
+//
+// You may specialize polymorphic_type_hook yourself for types that want to appear
+// polymorphic to Python but do not use C++ RTTI. (This is a not uncommon pattern
+// in performance-sensitive applications, used most notably in LLVM.)
+//
+// polymorphic_type_hook_base allows users to specialize polymorphic_type_hook with
+// std::enable_if. User provided specializations will always have higher priority than
+// the default implementation and specialization provided in polymorphic_type_hook_base.
+template <typename itype, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct polymorphic_type_hook_base {
+    static const void *get(const itype *src, const std::type_info *&) { return src; }
+};
+template <typename itype>
+struct polymorphic_type_hook_base<itype, detail::enable_if_t<std::is_polymorphic<itype>::value>> {
+    static const void *get(const itype *src, const std::type_info *&type) {
+        type = src ? &typeid(*src) : nullptr;
+        return dynamic_cast<const void *>(src);
+    }
+};
+template <typename itype, typename SFINAE = void>
+struct polymorphic_type_hook : public polymorphic_type_hook_base<itype> {};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Generic type caster for objects stored on the heap
+template <typename type>
+class type_caster_base : public type_caster_generic {
+    using itype = intrinsic_t<type>;
+
+public:
+    static constexpr auto name = const_name<type>();
+
+    type_caster_base() : type_caster_base(typeid(type)) {}
+    explicit type_caster_base(const std::type_info &info) : type_caster_generic(info) {}
+
+    static handle cast(const itype &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(std::addressof(src), policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(itype &&src, return_value_policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast(std::addressof(src), return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+
+    // Returns a (pointer, type_info) pair taking care of necessary type lookup for a
+    // polymorphic type (using RTTI by default, but can be overridden by specializing
+    // polymorphic_type_hook). If the instance isn't derived, returns the base version.
+    static std::pair<const void *, const type_info *> src_and_type(const itype *src) {
+        const auto &cast_type = typeid(itype);
+        const std::type_info *instance_type = nullptr;
+        const void *vsrc = polymorphic_type_hook<itype>::get(src, instance_type);
+        if (instance_type && !same_type(cast_type, *instance_type)) {
+            // This is a base pointer to a derived type. If the derived type is registered
+            // with pybind11, we want to make the full derived object available.
+            // In the typical case where itype is polymorphic, we get the correct
+            // derived pointer (which may be != base pointer) by a dynamic_cast to
+            // most derived type. If itype is not polymorphic, we won't get here
+            // except via a user-provided specialization of polymorphic_type_hook,
+            // and the user has promised that no this-pointer adjustment is
+            // required in that case, so it's OK to use static_cast.
+            if (const auto *tpi = get_type_info(*instance_type)) {
+                return {vsrc, tpi};
+            }
+        }
+        // Otherwise we have either a nullptr, an `itype` pointer, or an unknown derived pointer,
+        // so don't do a cast
+        return type_caster_generic::src_and_type(src, cast_type, instance_type);
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const itype *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        auto st = src_and_type(src);
+        return type_caster_generic::cast(st.first,
+                                         policy,
+                                         parent,
+                                         st.second,
+                                         make_copy_constructor(src),
+                                         make_move_constructor(src));
+    }
+
+    static handle cast_holder(const itype *src, const void *holder) {
+        auto st = src_and_type(src);
+        return type_caster_generic::cast(st.first,
+                                         return_value_policy::take_ownership,
+                                         {},
+                                         st.second,
+                                         nullptr,
+                                         nullptr,
+                                         holder);
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = detail::cast_op_type<T>;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator itype *() { return (type *) value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator itype &() {
+        if (!value) {
+            throw reference_cast_error();
+        }
+        return *((itype *) value);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    using Constructor = void *(*) (const void *);
+
+    /* Only enabled when the types are {copy,move}-constructible *and* when the type
+       does not have a private operator new implementation. A comma operator is used in the
+       decltype argument to apply SFINAE to the public copy/move constructors.*/
+    template <typename T, typename = enable_if_t<is_copy_constructible<T>::value>>
+    static auto make_copy_constructor(const T *) -> decltype(new T(std::declval<const T>()),
+                                                             Constructor{}) {
+        return [](const void *arg) -> void * { return new T(*reinterpret_cast<const T *>(arg)); };
+    }
+
+    template <typename T, typename = enable_if_t<is_move_constructible<T>::value>>
+    static auto make_move_constructor(const T *) -> decltype(new T(std::declval<T &&>()),
+                                                             Constructor{}) {
+        return [](const void *arg) -> void * {
+            return new T(std::move(*const_cast<T *>(reinterpret_cast<const T *>(arg))));
+        };
+    }
+
+    static Constructor make_copy_constructor(...) { return nullptr; }
+    static Constructor make_move_constructor(...) { return nullptr; }
+};
+
+inline std::string quote_cpp_type_name(const std::string &cpp_type_name) {
+    return cpp_type_name; // No-op for now. See PR #4888
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE std::string type_info_description(const std::type_info &ti) {
+    if (auto *type_data = get_type_info(ti)) {
+        handle th((PyObject *) type_data->type);
+        return th.attr("__module__").cast<std::string>() + '.'
+               + th.attr("__qualname__").cast<std::string>();
+    }
+    return quote_cpp_type_name(clean_type_id(ti.name()));
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/typeid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/detail/typeid.h: Compiler-independent access to type identifiers
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+#    include <cxxabi.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+/// Erase all occurrences of a substring
+inline void erase_all(std::string &string, const std::string &search) {
+    for (size_t pos = 0;;) {
+        pos = string.find(search, pos);
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+            break;
+        }
+        string.erase(pos, search.length());
+    }
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NOINLINE void clean_type_id(std::string &name) {
+#if defined(__GNUG__)
+    int status = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void *)> res{
+        abi::__cxa_demangle(name.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &status), std::free};
+    if (status == 0) {
+        name = res.get();
+    }
+#else
+    detail::erase_all(name, "class ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "struct ");
+    detail::erase_all(name, "enum ");
+#endif
+    detail::erase_all(name, "pybind11::");
+}
+
+inline std::string clean_type_id(const char *typeid_name) {
+    std::string name(typeid_name);
+    detail::clean_type_id(name);
+    return name;
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+
+/// Return a string representation of a C++ type
+template <typename T>
+static std::string type_id() {
+    return detail::clean_type_id(typeid(T).name());
+}
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/value_and_holder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2024 The Pybind Development Team.
+// All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+struct value_and_holder {
+    instance *inst = nullptr;
+    size_t index = 0u;
+    const detail::type_info *type = nullptr;
+    void **vh = nullptr;
+
+    // Main constructor for a found value/holder:
+    value_and_holder(instance *i, const detail::type_info *type, size_t vpos, size_t index)
+        : inst{i}, index{index}, type{type},
+          vh{inst->simple_layout ? inst->simple_value_holder
+                                 : &inst->nonsimple.values_and_holders[vpos]} {}
+
+    // Default constructor (used to signal a value-and-holder not found by get_value_and_holder())
+    value_and_holder() = default;
+
+    // Used for past-the-end iterator
+    explicit value_and_holder(size_t index) : index{index} {}
+
+    template <typename V = void>
+    V *&value_ptr() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<V *&>(vh[0]);
+    }
+    // True if this `value_and_holder` has a non-null value pointer
+    explicit operator bool() const { return value_ptr() != nullptr; }
+
+    template <typename H>
+    H &holder() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<H &>(vh[1]);
+    }
+    bool holder_constructed() const {
+        return inst->simple_layout
+                   ? inst->simple_holder_constructed
+                   : (inst->nonsimple.status[index] & instance::status_holder_constructed) != 0u;
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void set_holder_constructed(bool v = true) {
+        if (inst->simple_layout) {
+            inst->simple_holder_constructed = v;
+        } else if (v) {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] |= instance::status_holder_constructed;
+        } else {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] &= (std::uint8_t) ~instance::status_holder_constructed;
+        }
+    }
+    bool instance_registered() const {
+        return inst->simple_layout
+                   ? inst->simple_instance_registered
+                   : ((inst->nonsimple.status[index] & instance::status_instance_registered) != 0);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-make-member-function-const)
+    void set_instance_registered(bool v = true) {
+        if (inst->simple_layout) {
+            inst->simple_instance_registered = v;
+        } else if (v) {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] |= instance::status_instance_registered;
+        } else {
+            inst->nonsimple.status[index] &= (std::uint8_t) ~instance::status_instance_registered;
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "eigen/matrix.h"

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2023 The pybind Community.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Common message for `static_assert()`s, which are useful to easily
+// preempt much less obvious errors.
+#define PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED                                    \
+    "Pointer types (in particular `PyObject *`) are not supported as scalar types for Eigen "     \
+    "types."

llava_video/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/eigen/matrix.h

@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+/*
+    pybind11/eigen/matrix.h: Transparent conversion for dense and sparse Eigen matrices
+
+    Copyright (c) 2016 Wenzel Jakob <wenzel.jakob@epfl.ch>
+
+    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+/* HINT: To suppress warnings originating from the Eigen headers, use -isystem.
+   See also:
+       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2579576/i-dir-vs-isystem-dir
+       https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1741816/isystem-for-ms-visual-studio-c-compiler
+*/
+PYBIND11_WARNING_PUSH
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(5054) // https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/3741
+//       C5054: operator '&': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#if defined(__MINGW32__)
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+#endif
+
+#include <Eigen/Core>
+#include <Eigen/SparseCore>
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_POP
+
+// Eigen prior to 3.2.7 doesn't have proper move constructors--but worse, some classes get implicit
+// move constructors that break things.  We could detect this an explicitly copy, but an extra copy
+// of matrices seems highly undesirable.
+static_assert(EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 2, 7),
+              "Eigen matrix support in pybind11 requires Eigen >= 3.2.7");
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)
+
+PYBIND11_WARNING_DISABLE_MSVC(4127)
+
+// Provide a convenience alias for easier pass-by-ref usage with fully dynamic strides:
+using EigenDStride = Eigen::Stride<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic>;
+template <typename MatrixType>
+using EigenDRef = Eigen::Ref<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+template <typename MatrixType>
+using EigenDMap = Eigen::Map<MatrixType, 0, EigenDStride>;
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)
+
+#if EIGEN_VERSION_AT_LEAST(3, 3, 0)
+using EigenIndex = Eigen::Index;
+template <typename Scalar, int Flags, typename StorageIndex>
+using EigenMapSparseMatrix = Eigen::Map<Eigen::SparseMatrix<Scalar, Flags, StorageIndex>>;
+#else
+using EigenIndex = EIGEN_DEFAULT_DENSE_INDEX_TYPE;
+template <typename Scalar, int Flags, typename StorageIndex>
+using EigenMapSparseMatrix = Eigen::MappedSparseMatrix<Scalar, Flags, StorageIndex>;
+#endif
+
+// Matches Eigen::Map, Eigen::Ref, blocks, etc:
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_dense_map = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::DenseBase, T>,
+                                  std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::ReadOnlyAccessors>, T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_mutable_map = std::is_base_of<Eigen::MapBase<T, Eigen::WriteAccessors>, T>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_dense_plain
+    = all_of<negation<is_eigen_dense_map<T>>, is_template_base_of<Eigen::PlainObjectBase, T>>;
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_sparse = is_template_base_of<Eigen::SparseMatrixBase, T>;
+// Test for objects inheriting from EigenBase<Derived> that aren't captured by the above.  This
+// basically covers anything that can be assigned to a dense matrix but that don't have a typical
+// matrix data layout that can be copied from their .data().  For example, DiagonalMatrix and
+// SelfAdjointView fall into this category.
+template <typename T>
+using is_eigen_other
+    = all_of<is_template_base_of<Eigen::EigenBase, T>,
+             negation<any_of<is_eigen_dense_map<T>, is_eigen_dense_plain<T>, is_eigen_sparse<T>>>>;
+
+// Captures numpy/eigen conformability status (returned by EigenProps::conformable()):
+template <bool EigenRowMajor>
+struct EigenConformable {
+    bool conformable = false;
+    EigenIndex rows = 0, cols = 0;
+    EigenDStride stride{0, 0};    // Only valid if negativestrides is false!
+    bool negativestrides = false; // If true, do not use stride!
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    EigenConformable(bool fits = false) : conformable{fits} {}
+    // Matrix type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex rstride, EigenIndex cstride)
+        : conformable{true}, rows{r}, cols{c},
+          // TODO: when Eigen bug #747 is fixed, remove the tests for non-negativity.
+          // http://eigen.tuxfamily.org/bz/show_bug.cgi?id=747
+          stride{EigenRowMajor ? (rstride > 0 ? rstride : 0)
+                               : (cstride > 0 ? cstride : 0) /* outer stride */,
+                 EigenRowMajor ? (cstride > 0 ? cstride : 0)
+                               : (rstride > 0 ? rstride : 0) /* inner stride */},
+          negativestrides{rstride < 0 || cstride < 0} {}
+    // Vector type:
+    EigenConformable(EigenIndex r, EigenIndex c, EigenIndex stride)
+        : EigenConformable(r, c, r == 1 ? c * stride : stride, c == 1 ? r : r * stride) {}
+
+    template <typename props>
+    bool stride_compatible() const {
+        // To have compatible strides, we need (on both dimensions) one of fully dynamic strides,
+        // matching strides, or a dimension size of 1 (in which case the stride value is
+        // irrelevant). Alternatively, if any dimension size is 0, the strides are not relevant
+        // (and numpy ≥ 1.23 sets the strides to 0 in that case, so we need to check explicitly).
+        if (negativestrides) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rows == 0 || cols == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return (props::inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::inner_stride == stride.inner()
+                || (EigenRowMajor ? cols : rows) == 1)
+               && (props::outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic || props::outer_stride == stride.outer()
+                   || (EigenRowMajor ? rows : cols) == 1);
+    }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator bool() const { return conformable; }
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct eigen_extract_stride {
+    using type = Type;
+};
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int MapOptions, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, MapOptions, StrideType>> {
+    using type = StrideType;
+};
+template <typename PlainObjectType, int Options, typename StrideType>
+struct eigen_extract_stride<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, Options, StrideType>> {
+    using type = StrideType;
+};
+
+// Helper struct for extracting information from an Eigen type
+template <typename Type_>
+struct EigenProps {
+    using Type = Type_;
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    using StrideType = typename eigen_extract_stride<Type>::type;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex rows = Type::RowsAtCompileTime, cols = Type::ColsAtCompileTime,
+                                size = Type::SizeAtCompileTime;
+    static constexpr bool row_major = Type::IsRowMajor,
+                          vector
+                          = Type::IsVectorAtCompileTime, // At least one dimension has fixed size 1
+        fixed_rows = rows != Eigen::Dynamic, fixed_cols = cols != Eigen::Dynamic,
+                          fixed = size != Eigen::Dynamic, // Fully-fixed size
+        dynamic = !fixed_rows && !fixed_cols;             // Fully-dynamic size
+
+    template <EigenIndex i, EigenIndex ifzero>
+    using if_zero = std::integral_constant<EigenIndex, i == 0 ? ifzero : i>;
+    static constexpr EigenIndex inner_stride
+        = if_zero<StrideType::InnerStrideAtCompileTime, 1>::value,
+        outer_stride = if_zero < StrideType::OuterStrideAtCompileTime,
+        vector      ? size
+        : row_major ? cols
+                    : rows > ::value;
+    static constexpr bool dynamic_stride
+        = inner_stride == Eigen::Dynamic && outer_stride == Eigen::Dynamic;
+    static constexpr bool requires_row_major
+        = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? inner_stride : outer_stride) == 1;
+    static constexpr bool requires_col_major
+        = !dynamic_stride && !vector && (row_major ? outer_stride : inner_stride) == 1;
+
+    // Takes an input array and determines whether we can make it fit into the Eigen type.  If
+    // the array is a vector, we attempt to fit it into either an Eigen 1xN or Nx1 vector
+    // (preferring the latter if it will fit in either, i.e. for a fully dynamic matrix type).
+    static EigenConformable<row_major> conformable(const array &a) {
+        const auto dims = a.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (dims == 2) { // Matrix type: require exact match (or dynamic)
+
+            EigenIndex np_rows = a.shape(0), np_cols = a.shape(1),
+                       np_rstride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar)),
+                       np_cstride = a.strides(1) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+            if ((fixed_rows && np_rows != rows) || (fixed_cols && np_cols != cols)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return {np_rows, np_cols, np_rstride, np_cstride};
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise we're storing an n-vector.  Only one of the strides will be used, but
+        // whichever is used, we want the (single) numpy stride value.
+        const EigenIndex n = a.shape(0),
+                         stride = a.strides(0) / static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(Scalar));
+
+        if (vector) { // Eigen type is a compile-time vector
+            if (fixed && size != n) {
+                return false; // Vector size mismatch
+            }
+            return {rows == 1 ? 1 : n, cols == 1 ? 1 : n, stride};
+        }
+        if (fixed) {
+            // The type has a fixed size, but is not a vector: abort
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (fixed_cols) {
+            // Since this isn't a vector, cols must be != 1.  We allow this only if it exactly
+            // equals the number of elements (rows is Dynamic, and so 1 row is allowed).
+            if (cols != n) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return {1, n, stride};
+        } // Otherwise it's either fully dynamic, or column dynamic; both become a column vector
+        if (fixed_rows && rows != n) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return {n, 1, stride};
+    }
+
+    static constexpr bool show_writeable
+        = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value && is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    static constexpr bool show_order = is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value;
+    static constexpr bool show_c_contiguous = show_order && requires_row_major;
+    static constexpr bool show_f_contiguous
+        = !show_c_contiguous && show_order && requires_col_major;
+
+    static constexpr auto descriptor
+        = const_name("numpy.ndarray[") + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name + const_name("[")
+          + const_name<fixed_rows>(const_name<(size_t) rows>(), const_name("m")) + const_name(", ")
+          + const_name<fixed_cols>(const_name<(size_t) cols>(), const_name("n")) + const_name("]")
+          +
+          // For a reference type (e.g. Ref<MatrixXd>) we have other constraints that might need to
+          // be satisfied: writeable=True (for a mutable reference), and, depending on the map's
+          // stride options, possibly f_contiguous or c_contiguous.  We include them in the
+          // descriptor output to provide some hint as to why a TypeError is occurring (otherwise
+          // it can be confusing to see that a function accepts a 'numpy.ndarray[float64[3,2]]' and
+          // an error message that you *gave* a numpy.ndarray of the right type and dimensions.
+          const_name<show_writeable>(", flags.writeable", "")
+          + const_name<show_c_contiguous>(", flags.c_contiguous", "")
+          + const_name<show_f_contiguous>(", flags.f_contiguous", "") + const_name("]");
+};
+
+// Casts an Eigen type to numpy array.  If given a base, the numpy array references the src data,
+// otherwise it'll make a copy.  writeable lets you turn off the writeable flag for the array.
+template <typename props>
+handle
+eigen_array_cast(typename props::Type const &src, handle base = handle(), bool writeable = true) {
+    constexpr ssize_t elem_size = sizeof(typename props::Scalar);
+    array a;
+    if (props::vector) {
+        a = array({src.size()}, {elem_size * src.innerStride()}, src.data(), base);
+    } else {
+        a = array({src.rows(), src.cols()},
+                  {elem_size * src.rowStride(), elem_size * src.colStride()},
+                  src.data(),
+                  base);
+    }
+
+    if (!writeable) {
+        array_proxy(a.ptr())->flags &= ~detail::npy_api::NPY_ARRAY_WRITEABLE_;
+    }
+
+    return a.release();
+}
+
+// Takes an lvalue ref to some Eigen type and a (python) base object, creating a numpy array that
+// reference the Eigen object's data with `base` as the python-registered base class (if omitted,
+// the base will be set to None, and lifetime management is up to the caller).  The numpy array is
+// non-writeable if the given type is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type>
+handle eigen_ref_array(Type &src, handle parent = none()) {
+    // none here is to get past array's should-we-copy detection, which currently always
+    // copies when there is no base.  Setting the base to None should be harmless.
+    return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, !std::is_const<Type>::value);
+}
+
+// Takes a pointer to some dense, plain Eigen type, builds a capsule around it, then returns a
+// numpy array that references the encapsulated data with a python-side reference to the capsule to
+// tie its destruction to that of any dependent python objects.  Const-ness is determined by
+// whether or not the Type of the pointer given is const.
+template <typename props, typename Type, typename = enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>>
+handle eigen_encapsulate(Type *src) {
+    capsule base(src, [](void *o) { delete static_cast<Type *>(o); });
+    return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, base);
+}
+
+// Type caster for regular, dense matrix types (e.g. MatrixXd), but not maps/refs/etc. of dense
+// types.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_plain<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // If we're in no-convert mode, only load if given an array of the correct type
+        if (!convert && !isinstance<array_t<Scalar>>(src)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Coerce into an array, but don't do type conversion yet; the copy below handles it.
+        auto buf = array::ensure(src);
+
+        if (!buf) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto dims = buf.ndim();
+        if (dims < 1 || dims > 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto fits = props::conformable(buf);
+        if (!fits) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Allocate the new type, then build a numpy reference into it
+        value = Type(fits.rows, fits.cols);
+        auto ref = reinterpret_steal<array>(eigen_ref_array<props>(value));
+        if (dims == 1) {
+            ref = ref.squeeze();
+        } else if (ref.ndim() == 1) {
+            buf = buf.squeeze();
+        }
+
+        int result = detail::npy_api::get().PyArray_CopyInto_(ref.ptr(), buf.ptr());
+
+        if (result < 0) { // Copy failed!
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Cast implementation
+    template <typename CType>
+    static handle cast_impl(CType *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::take_ownership:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::move:
+                return eigen_encapsulate<props>(new CType(std::move(*src)));
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_ref_array<props>(*src, parent);
+            default:
+                throw cast_error("unhandled return_value_policy: should not happen!");
+        };
+    }
+
+public:
+    // Normal returned non-reference, non-const value:
+    static handle cast(Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // If you return a non-reference const, we mark the numpy array readonly:
+    static handle cast(const Type &&src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(&src, return_value_policy::move, parent);
+    }
+    // lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast_impl(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const lvalue reference return; default (automatic) becomes copy
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        if (policy == return_value_policy::automatic
+            || policy == return_value_policy::automatic_reference) {
+            policy = return_value_policy::copy;
+        }
+        return cast(&src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // non-const pointer return
+    static handle cast(Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+    // const pointer return
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast_impl(src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type *() { return &value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &() { return value; }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &&() && { return std::move(value); }
+    template <typename T>
+    using cast_op_type = movable_cast_op_type<T>;
+
+private:
+    Type value;
+};
+
+// Base class for casting reference/map/block/etc. objects back to python.
+template <typename MapType>
+struct eigen_map_caster {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename MapType::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+
+private:
+    using props = EigenProps<MapType>;
+
+public:
+    // Directly referencing a ref/map's data is a bit dangerous (whatever the map/ref points to has
+    // to stay around), but we'll allow it under the assumption that you know what you're doing
+    // (and have an appropriate keep_alive in place).  We return a numpy array pointing directly at
+    // the ref's data (The numpy array ends up read-only if the ref was to a const matrix type.)
+    // Note that this means you need to ensure you don't destroy the object in some other way (e.g.
+    // with an appropriate keep_alive, or with a reference to a statically allocated matrix).
+    static handle cast(const MapType &src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        switch (policy) {
+            case return_value_policy::copy:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src);
+            case return_value_policy::reference_internal:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, parent, is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            case return_value_policy::reference:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic:
+            case return_value_policy::automatic_reference:
+                return eigen_array_cast<props>(src, none(), is_eigen_mutable_map<MapType>::value);
+            default:
+                // move, take_ownership don't make any sense for a ref/map:
+                pybind11_fail("Invalid return_value_policy for Eigen Map/Ref/Block type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator MapType() = delete;
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = MapType;
+};
+
+// We can return any map-like object (but can only load Refs, specialized next):
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Type>::value>> : eigen_map_caster<Type> {};
+
+// Loader for Ref<...> arguments.  See the documentation for info on how to make this work without
+// copying (it requires some extra effort in many cases).
+template <typename PlainObjectType, typename StrideType>
+struct type_caster<
+    Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>,
+    enable_if_t<is_eigen_dense_map<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>>::value>>
+    : public eigen_map_caster<Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>> {
+private:
+    using Type = Eigen::Ref<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Type>;
+    using Scalar = typename props::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using MapType = Eigen::Map<PlainObjectType, 0, StrideType>;
+    using Array
+        = array_t<Scalar,
+                  array::forcecast
+                      | ((props::row_major ? props::inner_stride : props::outer_stride) == 1
+                             ? array::c_style
+                         : (props::row_major ? props::outer_stride : props::inner_stride) == 1
+                             ? array::f_style
+                             : 0)>;
+    static constexpr bool need_writeable = is_eigen_mutable_map<Type>::value;
+    // Delay construction (these have no default constructor)
+    std::unique_ptr<MapType> map;
+    std::unique_ptr<Type> ref;
+    // Our array.  When possible, this is just a numpy array pointing to the source data, but
+    // sometimes we can't avoid copying (e.g. input is not a numpy array at all, has an
+    // incompatible layout, or is an array of a type that needs to be converted).  Using a numpy
+    // temporary (rather than an Eigen temporary) saves an extra copy when we need both type
+    // conversion and storage order conversion.  (Note that we refuse to use this temporary copy
+    // when loading an argument for a Ref<M> with M non-const, i.e. a read-write reference).
+    Array copy_or_ref;
+
+public:
+    bool load(handle src, bool convert) {
+        // First check whether what we have is already an array of the right type.  If not, we
+        // can't avoid a copy (because the copy is also going to do type conversion).
+        bool need_copy = !isinstance<Array>(src);
+
+        EigenConformable<props::row_major> fits;
+        if (!need_copy) {
+            // We don't need a converting copy, but we also need to check whether the strides are
+            // compatible with the Ref's stride requirements
+            auto aref = reinterpret_borrow<Array>(src);
+
+            if (aref && (!need_writeable || aref.writeable())) {
+                fits = props::conformable(aref);
+                if (!fits) {
+                    return false; // Incompatible dimensions
+                }
+                if (!fits.template stride_compatible<props>()) {
+                    need_copy = true;
+                } else {
+                    copy_or_ref = std::move(aref);
+                }
+            } else {
+                need_copy = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (need_copy) {
+            // We need to copy: If we need a mutable reference, or we're not supposed to convert
+            // (either because we're in the no-convert overload pass, or because we're explicitly
+            // instructed not to copy (via `py::arg().noconvert()`) we have to fail loading.
+            if (!convert || need_writeable) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Array copy = Array::ensure(src);
+            if (!copy) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            fits = props::conformable(copy);
+            if (!fits || !fits.template stride_compatible<props>()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            copy_or_ref = std::move(copy);
+            loader_life_support::add_patient(copy_or_ref);
+        }
+
+        ref.reset();
+        map.reset(new MapType(data(copy_or_ref),
+                              fits.rows,
+                              fits.cols,
+                              make_stride(fits.stride.outer(), fits.stride.inner())));
+        ref.reset(new Type(*map));
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type *() { return ref.get(); }
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor)
+    operator Type &() { return *ref; }
+    template <typename _T>
+    using cast_op_type = pybind11::detail::cast_op_type<_T>;
+
+private:
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    Scalar *data(Array &a) {
+        return a.mutable_data();
+    }
+
+    template <typename T = Type, enable_if_t<!is_eigen_mutable_map<T>::value, int> = 0>
+    const Scalar *data(Array &a) {
+        return a.data();
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to figure out a constructor of `Stride` that will work.
+    // If both strides are fixed, use a default constructor:
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_default = bool_constant<S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                                              && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                                              && std::is_default_constructible<S>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a two-index constructor, assume it is (outer,inner) like
+    // Eigen::Stride, and use it:
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_dual
+        = bool_constant<!stride_ctor_default<S>::value
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    // Otherwise, if there is a one-index constructor, and just one of the strides is dynamic, use
+    // it (passing whichever stride is dynamic).
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_outer
+        = bool_constant<!any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value
+                        && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+    template <typename S>
+    using stride_ctor_inner
+        = bool_constant<!any_of<stride_ctor_default<S>, stride_ctor_dual<S>>::value
+                        && S::InnerStrideAtCompileTime == Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && S::OuterStrideAtCompileTime != Eigen::Dynamic
+                        && std::is_constructible<S, EigenIndex>::value>;
+
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_default<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex) {
+        return S();
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_dual<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex inner) {
+        return S(outer, inner);
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_outer<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex outer, EigenIndex) {
+        return S(outer);
+    }
+    template <typename S = StrideType, enable_if_t<stride_ctor_inner<S>::value, int> = 0>
+    static S make_stride(EigenIndex, EigenIndex inner) {
+        return S(inner);
+    }
+};
+
+// type_caster for special matrix types (e.g. DiagonalMatrix), which are EigenBase, but not
+// EigenDense (i.e. they don't have a data(), at least not with the usual matrix layout).
+// load() is not supported, but we can cast them into the python domain by first copying to a
+// regular Eigen::Matrix, then casting that.
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_other<Type>::value>> {
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<typename Type::Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+
+protected:
+    using Matrix
+        = Eigen::Matrix<typename Type::Scalar, Type::RowsAtCompileTime, Type::ColsAtCompileTime>;
+    using props = EigenProps<Matrix>;
+
+public:
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        handle h = eigen_encapsulate<props>(new Matrix(src));
+        return h;
+    }
+    static handle cast(const Type *src, return_value_policy policy, handle parent) {
+        return cast(*src, policy, parent);
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto name = props::descriptor;
+
+    // Explicitly delete these: support python -> C++ conversion on these (i.e. these can be return
+    // types but not bound arguments).  We still provide them (with an explicitly delete) so that
+    // you end up here if you try anyway.
+    bool load(handle, bool) = delete;
+    operator Type() = delete;
+    template <typename>
+    using cast_op_type = Type;
+};
+
+template <typename Type>
+struct type_caster<Type, enable_if_t<is_eigen_sparse<Type>::value>> {
+    using Scalar = typename Type::Scalar;
+    static_assert(!std::is_pointer<Scalar>::value,
+                  PYBIND11_EIGEN_MESSAGE_POINTER_TYPES_ARE_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    using StorageIndex = remove_reference_t<decltype(*std::declval<Type>().outerIndexPtr())>;
+    using Index = typename Type::Index;
+    static constexpr bool rowMajor = Type::IsRowMajor;
+
+    bool load(handle src, bool) {
+        if (!src) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto obj = reinterpret_borrow<object>(src);
+        object sparse_module = module_::import("scipy.sparse");
+        object matrix_type = sparse_module.attr(rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        if (!type::handle_of(obj).is(matrix_type)) {
+            try {
+                obj = matrix_type(obj);
+            } catch (const error_already_set &) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto values = array_t<Scalar>((object) obj.attr("data"));
+        auto innerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indices"));
+        auto outerIndices = array_t<StorageIndex>((object) obj.attr("indptr"));
+        auto shape = pybind11::tuple((pybind11::object) obj.attr("shape"));
+        auto nnz = obj.attr("nnz").cast<Index>();
+
+        if (!values || !innerIndices || !outerIndices) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value = EigenMapSparseMatrix<Scalar,
+                                     Type::Flags &(Eigen::RowMajor | Eigen::ColMajor),
+                                     StorageIndex>(shape[0].cast<Index>(),
+                                                   shape[1].cast<Index>(),
+                                                   std::move(nnz),
+                                                   outerIndices.mutable_data(),
+                                                   innerIndices.mutable_data(),
+                                                   values.mutable_data());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static handle cast(const Type &src, return_value_policy /* policy */, handle /* parent */) {
+        const_cast<Type &>(src).makeCompressed();
+
+        object matrix_type
+            = module_::import("scipy.sparse").attr(rowMajor ? "csr_matrix" : "csc_matrix");
+
+        array data(src.nonZeros(), src.valuePtr());
+        array outerIndices((rowMajor ? src.rows() : src.cols()) + 1, src.outerIndexPtr());
+        array innerIndices(src.nonZeros(), src.innerIndexPtr());
+
+        return matrix_type(pybind11::make_tuple(
+                               std::move(data), std::move(innerIndices), std::move(outerIndices)),
+                           pybind11::make_tuple(src.rows(), src.cols()))
+            .release();
+    }
+
+    PYBIND11_TYPE_CASTER(Type,
+                         const_name<(Type::IsRowMajor) != 0>("scipy.sparse.csr_matrix[",
+                                                             "scipy.sparse.csc_matrix[")
+                             + npy_format_descriptor<Scalar>::name + const_name("]"));
+};
+
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(detail)
+PYBIND11_NAMESPACE_END(PYBIND11_NAMESPACE)