import numpy

import cupy
from cupy import _core


def diag(v, k=0):
    """Returns a diagonal or a diagonal array.

    Args:
        v (array-like): Array or array-like object.
        k (int): Index of diagonals. Zero indicates the main diagonal, a
            positive value an upper diagonal, and a negative value a lower
            diagonal.

    Returns:
        cupy.ndarray: If ``v`` indicates a 1-D array, then it returns a 2-D
        array with the specified diagonal filled by ``v``. If ``v`` indicates a
        2-D array, then it returns the specified diagonal of ``v``. In latter
        case, if ``v`` is a :class:`cupy.ndarray` object, then its view is
        returned.

    .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.diag`

    """
    if isinstance(v, cupy.ndarray):
        ndim = v.ndim
    else:
        ndim = numpy.ndim(v)
        if ndim == 1:
            v = cupy.array(v)
        if ndim == 2:
            # to save bandwidth, don't copy non-diag elements to GPU
            v = numpy.array(v)

    if ndim == 1:
        size = v.size + abs(k)
        ret = cupy.zeros((size, size), dtype=v.dtype)
        ret.diagonal(k)[:] = v
        return ret
    elif ndim == 2:
        return cupy.array(v.diagonal(k))
    else:
        raise ValueError('Input must be 1- or 2-d.')


def diagflat(v, k=0):
    """Creates a diagonal array from the flattened input.

    Args:
        v (array-like): Array or array-like object.
        k (int): Index of diagonals. See :func:`cupy.diag` for detail.

    Returns:
        cupy.ndarray: A 2-D diagonal array with the diagonal copied from ``v``.

    .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.diagflat`

    """
    if numpy.isscalar(v):
        v = numpy.asarray(v)

    return cupy.diag(v.ravel(), k)


_tri_kernel = _core.ElementwiseKernel(
    'int32 m, int32 k',
    'T out',
    '''
    int row = i / m;
    int col = i % m;
    out = (col <= row + k);
    ''',
    'cupy_tri',
)


def tri(N, M=None, k=0, dtype=float):
    """Creates an array with ones at and below the given diagonal.

    Args:
        N (int): Number of rows.
        M (int): Number of columns. ``M == N`` by default.
        k (int): The sub-diagonal at and below which the array is filled. Zero
            is the main diagonal, a positive value is above it, and a negative
            value is below.
        dtype: Data type specifier.

    Returns:
        cupy.ndarray: An array with ones at and below the given diagonal.

    .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.tri`

    """
    if M is None:
        M = N
    out = cupy.empty((N, M), dtype=dtype)

    return _tri_kernel(M, k, out)


def tril(m, k=0):
    """Returns a lower triangle of an array.

    Args:
        m (array-like): Array or array-like object.
        k (int): The diagonal above which to zero elements. Zero is the main
            diagonal, a positive value is above it, and a negative value is
            below.

    Returns:
        cupy.ndarray: A lower triangle of an array.

    .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.tril`

    """
    m = cupy.asarray(m)
    mask = tri(*m.shape[-2:], k=k, dtype=bool)

    return cupy.where(mask, m, m.dtype.type(0))


def triu(m, k=0):
    """Returns an upper triangle of an array.

    Args:
        m (array-like): Array or array-like object.
        k (int): The diagonal below which to zero elements. Zero is the main
            diagonal, a positive value is above it, and a negative value is
            below.

    Returns:
        cupy.ndarray: An upper triangle of an array.

    .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.triu`

    """
    m = cupy.asarray(m)
    mask = tri(*m.shape[-2:], k=k-1, dtype=bool)

    return cupy.where(mask, m.dtype.type(0), m)


def vander(x, N=None, increasing=False):
    """Returns a Vandermonde matrix.

    Args:
        x (array-like): 1-D array or array-like object.
        N (int, optional): Number of columns in the output.
            ``N = len(x)`` by default.
        increasing (bool, optional): Order of the powers of the columns.
            If True, the powers increase from right to left,
            if False (the default) they are reversed.

    Returns:
        cupy.ndarray: A Vandermonde matrix.

    .. seealso:: :func:`numpy.vander`

    """
    x = cupy.asarray(x)
    if x.ndim != 1:
        raise ValueError("x must be a one-dimensional array or sequence.")
    if N is None:
        N = len(x)

    v = cupy.empty((len(x), N), dtype=numpy.promote_types(x.dtype, int))
    tmp = v[:, ::-1] if not increasing else v

    cupy.power(x.reshape(-1, 1), cupy.arange(N), out=tmp)

    return v


# TODO(okuta): Implement mat


# TODO(okuta): Implement bmat