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- LICENSE +15 -0
- README.md +187 -0
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predictions/
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metrics*.json
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release_summary.json
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LICENSE
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SABRE-Prior is licensed under the Creative Commons
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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0).
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License summary:
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Legal code:
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
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Required attribution:
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SABRE: Scalable and Automated Benchmarking of VLMs under Stress
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Zixuan Lan, Luzhe Sun, Matthew R. Walter, and Jiawei Zhou (2026).
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The SABRE software and website are distributed separately and are not covered
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by this dataset license.
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README.md
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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---
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language:
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- en
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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pretty_name: "SABRE-Prior"
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task_categories:
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- visual-question-answering
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tags:
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- image
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- vision-language
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- benchmark
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- stress-testing
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gated: true
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configs:
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- config_name: context
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drop_labels: true
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data_files:
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- split: test
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path: data/context/**
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- config_name: texture
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drop_labels: true
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data_files:
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- split: test
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path: data/texture/**
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- config_name: attribute
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drop_labels: true
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data_files:
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- split: test
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path: data/attribute/**
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- config_name: language
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drop_labels: true
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data_files:
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- split: test
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path: data/language/**
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extra_gated_heading: "Acknowledge the SABRE-Prior data terms"
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extra_gated_description: "Access is intended for non-commercial research and education."
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extra_gated_button_content: "Acknowledge and request access"
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extra_gated_prompt: "SABRE-Prior contains generated and edited stress-test images. The Attribute subset includes synthetic animals with non-canonical numbers of limbs, which some viewers may find unusual or unsettling. By requesting access, you acknowledge this content notice and agree to use the dataset only for non-commercial research or education under the stated license."
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extra_gated_fields:
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Intended use:
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type: select
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options:
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- Non-commercial research
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- Education
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- Other non-commercial use
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I acknowledge that the Attribute subset may contain visually unusual synthetic animals: checkbox
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I agree to the non-commercial dataset license and use restriction: checkbox
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---
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# SABRE-Prior
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SABRE-Prior is the world-prior stress-test benchmark introduced in **SABRE:
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Scalable and Automated Benchmarking of VLMs under Stress**. It evaluates whether
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vision-language models follow visible evidence when that evidence conflicts with
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learned expectations about familiar objects, materials, scenes, and language.
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Project page: https://zesearch.github.io/vlm-SABRE/
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Code: https://github.com/Zesearch/vlm-SABRE
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Paper: arXiv link coming soon
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## Dataset composition
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| Split | Images | Questions | Primary metric |
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|:--|--:|--:|:--|
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| Context | 200 | 400 | Strict four-probe pair accuracy |
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| Texture | 200 | 400 | Strict four-probe pair accuracy |
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| Attribute | 100 | 100 | Exact normalized count accuracy |
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| Language | 100 | 100 | Exact multiple-choice accuracy |
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| **Total** | **600** | **1,000** | Four-split macro average |
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The benchmark has evaluation splits only and is not intended as training data.
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## Loading
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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context = load_dataset("Zesearch/SABRE-Prior", "context", split="test")
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texture = load_dataset("Zesearch/SABRE-Prior", "texture", split="test")
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attribute = load_dataset("Zesearch/SABRE-Prior", "attribute", split="test")
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language = load_dataset("Zesearch/SABRE-Prior", "language", split="test")
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```
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Each row contains the following common fields:
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- `id`: globally unique question identifier;
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- `image`: image decoded by Hugging Face from `file_name`;
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- `subset`: `context`, `texture`, `attribute`, or `language`;
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- `question` and `answer`;
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- `eval_type`: the official scoring contract.
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Context and Texture additionally contain `pair_id` and `probe`. Language
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contains the four `options` and `answer_text`. Texture exposes the object and
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normal/counterfactual surface labels used to construct the probe.
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## Evaluation
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Save one prediction file per split:
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```text
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predictions/
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├── context.jsonl
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├── texture.jsonl
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├── attribute.jsonl
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└── language.jsonl
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```
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Every line must contain the question ID and the raw model response:
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```json
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{"id": "context_001__base_source", "prediction": "yes"}
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```
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Run the included deterministic evaluator:
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```bash
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python evaluate.py --predictions predictions --output metrics.json
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```
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The official metrics are:
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1. **Context:** a pair is correct only when `base_source`, `base_target`,
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`edited_source`, and `edited_target` are all correct.
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2. **Texture:** a pair is correct only when `base_normal`,
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`base_counterfactual`, `edited_normal`, and `edited_counterfactual` are all
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correct.
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3. **Attribute:** the normalized predicted count must exactly match the answer.
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4. **Language:** the extracted A/B/C/D option must exactly match the answer.
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5. **Macro accuracy:** the unweighted mean of the four split accuracies.
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Question-level and probe-level accuracies for the paired splits are diagnostics,
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not the main reported Context or Texture scores.
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## Main results
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Accuracy (%) reported in the paper:
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| Model | Context | Texture | Attribute | Language | Macro avg. |
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|:--|--:|--:|--:|--:|--:|
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| Claude 4.6 | 10 | 40 | 17 | 58 | 31.3 |
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| Kimi-k2.6 | 7 | 52 | 17 | 17 | 23.3 |
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| Qwen 3.5 | 3 | 46 | 14 | 29 | 23.0 |
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| Gemini 3.5 | 0 | 52 | 26 | 11 | 22.3 |
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| 144 |
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| GPT-5.4 | 1 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 18.0 |
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| 145 |
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| Grok-4.3 | 4 | 28 | 16 | 23 | 17.8 |
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The mean macro-average accuracy across the six evaluated models is 22.6%.
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## Intended use and limitations
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SABRE-Prior is intended for non-commercial research and education involving VLM
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evaluation, stress testing, robustness analysis, and benchmark methodology. It
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is not intended for model training, commercial deployment, or claims about
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general intelligence or real-world safety based on these scores alone.
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The benchmark is intentionally adversarial and generated or edited. It does not
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represent the natural frequency of objects, materials, scenes, attributes, or
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language cues in the world. Performance should be interpreted only under the
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| 159 |
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evaluation protocol above.
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| 160 |
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## Content notice
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| 162 |
+
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The Attribute split includes synthetic images of animals and objects with
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| 164 |
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non-canonical component counts. Some animal images contain unusual numbers of
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| 165 |
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limbs and may be visually unsettling to some viewers. The content is provided
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| 166 |
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solely for benchmark research; it does not depict real animal harm.
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| 167 |
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| 168 |
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## License and disclaimer
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| 169 |
+
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The dataset is released under the Creative Commons
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Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC 4.0). The SABRE
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software repository has its own license.
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The dataset is provided "as is," without warranties of any kind. To the extent
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permitted by law, the authors are not liable for claims or damages arising from
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its use. Users are responsible for complying with applicable law, institutional
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policies, the dataset license, and responsible research practice.
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## Citation
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| 180 |
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The arXiv identifier will be added after release.
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```bibtex
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@article{lan2026sabre,
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title = {SABRE: Scalable and Automated Benchmarking of VLMs under Stress},
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author = {Lan, Zixuan and Sun, Luzhe and Walter, Matthew R. and Zhou, Jiawei},
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journal = {arXiv preprint},
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year = {2026}
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}
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```
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/037.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/038.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/039.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/040.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/041.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/042.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/043.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/044.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/045.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/046.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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data/attribute/images/047.jpg
ADDED
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Git LFS Details
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